{ "meta": { "project": "Our Clarke", "version": "0.1.1", "built_on": "2026-09-08", "stage": "public_preview", "publication_ready": false, "map_mode": "schematic_connections_not_geographic", "review_disclosure": "AI-assisted source check; no independent historian review. All records remain prototype drafts.", "release": { "manifest_version": 6, "released_counts": { "stories": 53, "entities": 690, "claims": 1459, "evidence": 2341, "segments": 1854, "sources": 764, "relationships": 102, "events": 82, "exercises": 28, "media": 415, "calendar": 0, "videos": 11 }, "note": "Every published record is named here explicitly. Traversal no longer adds records: reachable is not approved. These ids are the exact closure the previous traversal produced from the two legacy preview stories, pinned on 2026-09-08 so that removing the traversal changed nothing about what is public. Adding an id here is a release decision. media and calendar are intentionally empty: nothing in either has ever passed its gate." } }, "stories": [ { "id": "battletown", "title": "Why Battletown?", "subtitle": "A spring, a tavern, an estate — and a name the town could not shake.", "category": "Names & local lore", "theme": "names", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1750s / 1798 / 1883", "summary": "The crossroads settlement that became Berryville was called Battletown. Three accounts explain the name, they do not agree, and the town kept answering to it anyway.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "daniel-morgan", "thomas-gold", "stribling-house" ], "claim_ids": [ "C01", "C02", "C03", "C17", "C18", "C19", "C20", "C21", "C966", "C967", "C968", "C969", "C970", "C971", "C972" ], "hero_style": "nameplate", "takeaway": "The name is documented long before anyone explained it. Three explanations survive, the earliest of them written decades after the events, and the origin is still open.", "open_question": "Does the 1987 nomination's estate account rest on deeds consulted independently, or does it repeat an earlier published history?", "next_step": "Read the nomination's own references, then the earliest newspaper uses in the original. Record failures as gaps, not proof of absence.", "related_story": "josephine", "related_reason": "Same town, another community history. This is an editorial connection, not a personal relationship.", "exercise_id": "Q01", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Saturday evenings at the spring", "text": "On Saturday evenings, the men of the neighborhood walked out to a spring to talk, to drink, to trade, and to fight. They indulged so much in the last of those amusements, wrote a correspondent signing himself \"Tramp,\" that the spring took its name from them: Battle Spring. And from the spring, he said, the village nearby took its own. He was writing in March 1883, in a travel letter to the Leesburg Mirror that the Clarke Courier reprinted across its front page, and he could not forgive the town for changing it. Berryville \"has no special meaning whatever that I have ever heard of.\" Battletown was historic. Battletown should be taken back.", "claim_ids": [ "C966" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The man in every version", "text": "One figure stands out in his account of the spring: \"In these fisticuffs Daniel Morgan was particularly prominent, and was always victorious.\" Morgan is in nearly every telling of this story. Before he was the general who broke Tarleton at Cowpens, he was a young wagoner in eastern Frederick County with a reputation for settling things with his hands. His minister, William Hill, kept notes of what Morgan told him in his last years, and from those notes his biographer drew a scene: Saturday afternoons at a tavern kept by Benjamin Berry, boxing and wrestling by daylight, drinking and gaming after dark.", "claim_ids": [ "C967", "C968" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The detail that outlasts the rest", "text": "Hill also recorded something smaller. Helping the dying man from his bed, he noticed a toe lying flat across the top of his foot and asked about it. Morgan said he had got it years before, kicking Bill Davis, at Battletown. The fighting runs through these accounts. What the fighting did is harder.", "claim_ids": [ "C969" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The name may not have started with the fighting", "text": "The Berryville Historic District nomination places an eight-hundred-acre estate called Battletown belonging to Charles Smith, its house built between 1755 and 1765 and standing still at 106 East Main Street, known now as the Nook. On that account the crossroads settlement took its name from the land it sat on. The two accounts are not really rivals, and the man who joins them is Benjamin Berry. He kept the tavern where the fighting is remembered, and when Smith's estate was divided among his children it was Smith's son John who sold Berry the ground on which Berry then laid out a town — and gave it his own name.", "claim_ids": [ "C971", "C972", "C968" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The same ten years", "text": "Which leaves an obvious question, and nobody has answered it. Smith's house went up between 1755 and 1765. Morgan's brawling belongs to the same stretch of his life. The estate and the fighting sit inside the same ten years. Whether the fighting gave its name to the land, or the land gave its name to the fighting, or the two simply grew up together and nobody at the time thought to keep them apart, is not settled — and the sources we have are not the kind that will settle it.", "claim_ids": [ "C971", "C969" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The old name outlived its replacement", "text": "The town has been Berryville since 1798. The old name remained in circulation. Writing in 1856, Morgan's biographer put it plainly: the place was \"called Battletown by everybody in that part of the country, excepting the inhabitants of the village themselves.\" There was a Battletown District and a Battletown academy, where the first Clarke County court sat in 1836 while it waited for a courthouse. And in 1883 a man calling himself Tramp, standing in a town that had grown respectable, wanted it all back.", "claim_ids": [ "C970", "C02" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the sources will and will not carry", "text": "None of these tellings agree on why the name arose, and this account does not settle it. Thomas D. Gold's 1914 county history carries the version most often repeated since, connecting the name with tavern quarrels and Morgan; that the explanation was published is documented, and that Morgan's fighting caused the name is not. The 1883 letter is an attributed explanation, not proof of origin. The estate account comes from a 1987 survey whose own authority has not been read. What is clear is the name's long persistence and the fighting traditions attached to it.", "claim_ids": [ "C03", "C19", "C20", "C971" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Follow a different thread through Berryville", "text": "Another way into this town starts with land records and the community of Josephine City, a few blocks away. The connection is the town, not a claim that the people in these stories knew each other.", "claim_ids": [ "C18" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "fact_or_fable", "heading": "Fact or Fable?", "summary": "Name documented. Origin unconfirmed.", "explanation": "Three separate things are often told as one. That Berryville was known as Battletown is documented. That later accounts explain the name by fighting — at a tavern, at a spring, or in the pages of a 1914 county history — is also documented; those accounts plainly exist. Whether any of the fighting actually caused the name is a different question, and this collection cannot answer it. The evidence for a place name is not the evidence for the story that explains it.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C01", "C03", "C19" ] } }, { "id": "josephine", "title": "Josephine City: building a community after emancipation", "subtitle": "Following Josephine Williams through the records described by Clermont and the history of Josephine City.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1867 / 1870 / 1882", "summary": "In 1870, twenty-four formerly enslaved African Americans purchased the land that became Josephine City. Their community went on to build a school through local contributions of labor and money.", "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams", "josephine-city", "clermont", "josephine-school", "museum", "receipt-1867" ], "claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07", "C08", "C09", "C10", "C11", "C12", "C13", "C14", "C15", "C16", "C18", "C96", "C97", "C98" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A shirt receipt, a plat naming two lots, and a later sale record trace parts of Josephine Williams's life after emancipation. Her age and death date remain unresolved.", "open_question": "What can the original receipt, plat and clerk entry establish when read together?", "next_step": "Obtain legible originals and reproduction terms, inspect each record, and request local scholarly review before public release.", "related_story": "josephine-everyday-life", "related_reason": "What the same community's daily life looked like once people were living in it: a grocery, boarders, a lunch room and a congregation, from the People's Journal.", "exercise_id": "Q02", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "A receipt. Two lots. A community." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Begin with the ordinary", "text": "In November 1867 Josephine Williams sold a shirt to her former enslavers. The receipt for it is described in Clermont's account, which identifies a particular transaction rather than a life. The original document has not been read here; the description has.", "claim_ids": [ "C09" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "From a transaction to a place", "text": "DHR describes an 1870 sale of 31 acres to 24 formerly enslaved African Americans. Williams was among the buyers. Clermont identifies her with Lots 1 and 2 on a September 1870 plat, then a May 1871 sale record involving her husband, Phillip Williams.", "claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07", "C08", "C10", "C11" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Keep one important word", "text": "DHR calls Williams the \"presumed namesake\" of Josephine City. Clermont tells a more definite founding narrative. We retain the qualification rather than smoothing the accounts into certainty. Her age and death date also remain unresolved in the Clermont account reviewed.", "claim_ids": [ "C08", "C15" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A community builds a school", "text": "DHR dates the school to 1882 and credits local contributions of labor and money. It describes the original school's 1930 move and later home-economics use. The museum dates its inaugural exhibit to July 12, 2003.", "claim_ids": [ "C12", "C13", "C14" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The old building's second life", "text": "The 2015 district nomination adds detail the earlier records did not. The 1882 schoolhouse was moved about a hundred feet south, ca. 1930, to make room for the new school, and the School Board's plan was to convert it into a home-economics and agricultural shop. It left educational use in 1971 and was completely renovated in 2002 as the home of the Josephine School Community Museum. The building and the museum organization remain two different records here.", "claim_ids": [ "C96", "C97", "C98" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Continue with the people who preserve it", "text": "Clermont and the Josephine School Community Museum provide routes into the underlying research. No partnership or permission agreement is implied. Their records and expertise are next steps, not something this page pretends to have replaced.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Founding documented. Naming account qualified.", "explanation": "The state register records the founding of Josephine City in 1870, on a 31-acre parcel, and the purchase of that land by twenty-four formerly enslaved people. It names Josephine Williams among the buyers and calls her the presumed namesake of Josephine City.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07", "C08" ] } }, { "id": "ruritan-fair", "title": "The Clarke County Fair and its grounds", "subtitle": "How a civic club became the fair's sponsor and acquired the former horse-show grounds.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "1954 / 1960 / 1984", "summary": "A civic club took on the county fair in 1954 and bought the horse-show grounds in 1960. The club, the fair and the ground are three different things, and the records date them separately.", "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club", "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "claim_ids": [ "C99", "C100", "C101", "C102", "C103", "C104" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Sponsorship, ownership and location each have a source. A founding date for the fair itself has none.", "open_question": "What did the club's charter say, and when did the grounds grow from thirty acres to almost fifty?", "next_step": "Locate the club's charter and early minutes, and the Clarke Courier issues the 2024 article cites, before extending this story.", "related_story": "josephine", "related_reason": "Another account of community institution-building in Clarke County.", "exercise_id": "Q03", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "A field outside town." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A club takes on the fair", "text": "The Ruritan Club has sponsored a county fair each summer since 1954, a 1989 county survey says, and a 2024 article calls the 1954 fair in downtown Berryville the first the newly formed club sponsored. The club's own page says it \"established\" the fair that year. Those are all statements about sponsorship. The same article reports a Junior Fair at the horse-show grounds in 1945, so 1954 marks the club's sponsorship rather than the first fair in the county.", "claim_ids": [ "C99", "C100" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Buying the show grounds", "text": "According to the 2024 article, the Berryville Horse Show Association disbanded and the club bought its 30-acre grounds in 1960, renaming them the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds; the club's first big project that year was new grandstands, after an older wooden stand had collapsed under snow. No deed has been inspected, and the grounds' later growth to almost fifty acres is undated in the only account of it.", "claim_ids": [ "C101", "C102" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A place the county used", "text": "The 1989 survey put the fair \"just outside of Berryville\", and the Bank of Clarke County's own history records a retirement dinner there in February 1984 and a stockholders' meeting that April. The accounts show the grounds used for the fair and for other gatherings.", "claim_ids": [ "C103", "C104" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Three things, not one", "text": "The club is an organization. The grounds are a place with an older name. The fair is an event. Keeping those subjects distinct prevents a founding date or ownership history for one from being assigned to another.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Sponsorship since 1954 documented. Purchase of the grounds reported. Founding of the fair not established.", "explanation": "A 1989 county survey and a 2024 article agree that the Ruritan Club has sponsored the county fair since 1954, and the club says the same of itself. The 1960 purchase of the horse-show grounds rests on the 2024 article alone; no deed has been inspected, so it is reported, not documented. Nothing inspected here says when a county fair was first held, and one of these same sources reports fairs before 1954, so no founding date is given.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C99", "C100", "C101" ] } }, { "id": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "title": "Three restaurants at 9 East Main Street", "subtitle": "What archived listings can and cannot say about 9 East Main Street.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "2012 / 2025 / 2026", "summary": "Three restaurant names appear in the records for 9 East Main Street. Archived listings capture the address on particular days; the opening and closing dates remain unknown.", "entity_ids": [ "nine-east-main", "berryville-grille", "suecats-bistro", "aztec-city" ], "claim_ids": [ "C107", "C108", "C109", "C110", "C138" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A directory capture proves a business was listed at an address on a given day, and no more. Where each tenancy began and ended is still open.", "open_question": "When did each restaurant open and close, and did any of them pass the lease or the kitchen to the next?", "next_step": "Town business licenses, a dated newspaper notice or the businesses' own announcements would date the changes; the bistro's closing notice needs to be read directly.", "related_story": "winston-hall-story", "related_reason": "Another East Main address, a century earlier, where the record is fuller and still disagrees with itself.", "exercise_id": "Q04", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Three restaurants, one address." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A name that kept turning up", "text": "A Berryville Grille appears among the town's restaurants in a Main Street portal captured in February 2012. A county tourism page captured in 2015 puts it at 9 East Main Street, with a varied menu of lunches and dinners, wine and beer. Tourism and Main Street pages captured in 2021 and 2022 still list it there. That is the whole of it: a name in four captures, with the address recorded in three.", "claim_ids": [ "C107", "C108" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A southern menu, and a leftover name", "text": "By February 2025 the same directory lists SueCat's Bistro at 9 East Main, \"a casual restaurant with a southern inspired menu\"; its own site that March said the same and counted eight craft beers on tap. The listing's address field still read \"The Berryville Grille, 9, East Main Street\", a trace the software kept from an earlier record. It is a clue that one occupant followed another, not a date for either. Later the bistro's own site carried a notice announcing its closing, signed by its partners, citing staff it could not find, costs it could not cover and the strain of trying, and thanking supporters for \"this two year journey\". The notice is undated here and names no last day.", "claim_ids": [ "C109", "C138" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Tex-Mex at the same address", "text": "A directory page captured in April 2026, and the county's tourism list as read in September 2026, give the address to Aztec City Mexican Restaurant, \"classic Tex-Mex favorites and authentic dishes inspired by\" Mexican cooking. Listed as of those days; nothing more is claimed.", "claim_ids": [ "C110" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What a capture date is", "text": "None of these sources says when a restaurant opened or closed. A capture records what a page showed on one day. Three names at one address across fourteen years is a real piece of downtown history, and its edges are unknown. This site leaves them that way.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Three listings documented, at dated captures. Openings and closings not established.", "explanation": "Four captures between 2012 and 2022 list the Berryville Grille at 9 East Main Street; a February 2025 capture lists SueCat's Bistro there; an April 2026 capture and the live 2026 listing give the address to Aztec City. Each capture is good evidence for its own day. None of them dates an opening or a closing, and the Grille's name surviving in a later address field is a trace, not a transfer.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C107", "C109", "C110" ] } }, { "id": "winston-hall-story", "title": "Winston Hall: a gathering place on East Main Street", "subtitle": "A barkeeper's theater, the town's biggest meeting room, an armory, then a parking lot.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "1881 / 1920 / 1962", "summary": "Siz Daingerfield, a Black barkeeper, built a hall on East Main Street and named it for a singer. It hosted performances and community meetings; the Legion recalls the National Guard using its upstairs as an armory from 1922 to 1939. The bank bought the building in 1957 and demolished it in 1962.", "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C111", "C112", "C113", "C114", "C115", "C116" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A Black barkeeper's hall held the town's largest meeting room and its theater, on the evidence of two institutional memories that agree on nearly everything but the year it was built.", "open_question": "Which year is right, 1881 or 1884, and what did the deed and the town license say about who owned and ran the hall?", "next_step": "A Clarke County deed search for the lot east of the bank, the 1885 Clarke Courier for the opening, and the Guard's armory lease would settle the dates.", "related_story": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "related_reason": "The same street, a century later, where the record is thinner and the lesson is the same: say what the source says.", "exercise_id": "Q05", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "The hall by the bank driveway." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Built by a barkeeper", "text": "Siz Daingerfield, a Black barkeeper, put up a two-story hall on East Main Street and named it for the singer Jenny Winston. Both accounts agree on that much — the Legion's telling, and the bank's, which calls him \"a black man named Siz Dangerfield\". The Legion says 1881. The bank says 1884, built as a theater with a stage and dressing rooms, opened in 1885 with a performance by Winston herself. Neither cites a record, and both dates are kept.", "claim_ids": [ "C111", "C116" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Upstairs and downstairs", "text": "Upstairs, the Legion's page says, was the largest meeting hall in town, used for entertainments and school graduations; the bank remembers cotillions and Legion bazaars there. Downstairs was commerce: a saloon by the Legion's account, later Griffin Taylor's clothing store while he ran the hall, and later still the farm machinery and cigars of the owners James W. Gaver and Fred Morris. Post 41 itself met upstairs from 1920 until 1938.", "claim_ids": [ "C112", "C113" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Guardsmen, then bankers", "text": "From 1922 to 1939 the Virginia National Guard rented the upper floor as the armory of Headquarters Company, 91st Infantry Brigade. In February 1957 the Bank of Clarke County, next door to the west, bought \"the Morris building\" from F. H. Morris's heirs for $25,000, wanting a drive-through. In 1962 the hall came down for the bank's expansion and parking, which is where the sources say to look for it now.", "claim_ids": [ "C114", "C115" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two accounts, two dates", "text": "The Legion's page and the bank's history were each written to remember an institution, not to document a building. They agree on the builder, the name, the uses and the ending, and differ on the year it was built and on which side of the street the saloon stood. No deed, license or newspaper has been inspected for this story. The differences are left standing.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Builder, uses and ending documented by two accounts. Building year disputed.", "explanation": "Two institutional histories, the Legion post's and the bank's, independently describe Winston Hall, its builder Siz Daingerfield, its meeting hall and theater, the Legion and National Guard uses, and the bank's purchase in 1957 and demolition in 1962. They give different building years, 1881 and 1884, and place the saloon differently. Both are attributed; neither is corrected.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C111", "C115", "C116" ] } }, { "id": "route7-greenhouses", "title": "Tomatoes under glass on Route 7.", "subtitle": "A watermelon wagon, a produce stand and five greenhouses, as one man remembered them.", "category": "Working Clarke", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "1942 / 1950s / 2013", "summary": "In 1942 a six-year-old sold watermelons from a wagon at Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road. He ran the stand that grew out of it for more than forty-five years, and told the story himself in 2013.", "entity_ids": [ "millers-fruit-stand" ], "claim_ids": [ "C117", "C118", "C119", "C120" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "One interview carries a roadside business well enough. It does not carry a land history.", "open_question": "What happened to the greenhouse ground, and when did the stand last open?", "next_step": "Aerial photographs, county planning files and a dated newspaper notice would test the remembered land story without leaning on the interview.", "related_story": "ruritan-fair", "related_reason": "Another way ordinary work and gathering shaped the county in the same decades.", "exercise_id": "Q06", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Six years old, with a wagon", "text": "In 1942 John U. Miller Jr. was six years old, selling melons from a wagon at the corner of Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road, Friday to Sunday in season. He told Clarke Monthly about it in 2013: his father grew watermelons on the Shenandoah bottomland, the family grew one variety, the Cannonball, and the writer located the corner for her readers as the place where Nall's stood in 2013.", "claim_ids": [ "C117", "C119" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A stand and five greenhouses", "text": "In the 1950s, he recalled, the wagon grew into a full fruit and vegetable stand, much of its produce raised in five greenhouses flanking Route 7, and he ran the stand for over 45 years. When the article was reprinted in 2025, its writer added that she had interviewed him in his greenhouse while he tended hydroponic tomato plants. That is the only new fact in the reprint, and it is her memory.", "claim_ids": [ "C118", "C120" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not say where the five greenhouses stood, who worked in them, when the stand closed, or what became of the land. A remembered link between the greenhouses and a later high-school site is not in the inspected account and is not established. Watermelon Park, the river farm and its festivals are a different place and a different story.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Wagon, stand and greenhouses documented from one attributed interview. Land history not established.", "explanation": "The 1942 wagon, the 1950s stand, the five greenhouses along Route 7 and the 45-year run all rest on one 2013 interview with John U. Miller Jr., reprinted in 2025. The reprint adds the writer's memory of hydroponic tomatoes and nothing else. No document places the greenhouses on a parcel or connects them to any later use of the land.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C117", "C118", "C120" ] } }, { "id": "battletown-inn-story", "title": "The Battletown Inn: one name, two sites", "subtitle": "The Battletown Inn moved into a house older than its name, and left it again.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "ca. 1810 / 1952 / 2015", "summary": "A hospitality name that traveled along West Main Street, and the Federal-period house it settled in for sixty years.", "entity_ids": [ "stribling-house", "battletown-inn", "motor-car-inn", "battletown-inn-earlier-site", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C121", "C122", "C123", "C124", "C125", "C126", "C127", "C128", "C129", "C130" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "One name, two sites, several businesses: the Battletown Inn is a history of a name as much as of a building, and the building has its own.", "open_question": "Who were the proprietors who moved the name in 1952, and what did the deed and the town license say?", "next_step": "The Clarke County deed and land-tax chain for 102 W. Main, the 1925 Courier page images, the 1920 Automobile Blue Book, and the Sanborn maps for 5, 9-13 and 102 W. Main.", "related_story": "battletown", "related_reason": "The name behind the inn, and the tavern brawl that a 1914 history made famous.", "exercise_id": "Q07", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "One name, two sites." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A house before an inn", "text": "102 West Main Street is the Sarah Stribling House, a Federal building of about 1810 with two front doors, interior chimneys and later wings, residential in origin and commercial by 1987, when its exterior was being restored — so the 1987 survey of Berryville's historic district describes it. A 2015 account, attributed to the county historical association's Maral Kalbian, fills in the century between: a house built for Benjamin Berry's daughter, who kept a boarding house; then the Showers family, cabinetmakers and tailors, for much of the 1800s. That account says the house \"is said\" to have been a Civil War hospital, and it is left said.", "claim_ids": [ "C121", "C124" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The other Battletown Inn", "text": "The inn that carried the name in the 1920s was somewhere else. The survey puts a \"former Battletown Inn\" at 5 West Main in its account of the motor-car years, and elsewhere says the Battletown Inn stood where the Lighthouse Inn later did, on the reputed site of an old tavern; it also lists the Virginia House, a late-1800s hotel at 9-13 West Main that had become the Lighthouse Restaurant. The 2015 article calls the earlier place the Virginia Hotel at Main and Church. Those descriptions do not line up neatly, and they are left as the sources give them. OCR of the Clarke Courier for 1925 shows the Battletown Inn hosting the regional hotel-and-inn association as guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam; the page images have not been seen, so that stays qualified.", "claim_ids": [ "C122", "C123", "C126" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Motor cars at 102 West Main", "text": "Meanwhile the Stribling house had become a business of its own. In 1919, the 2015 account says, the Elder family bought it and opened The Sign of the Motor Car Inn, listed in the 1920 Automobile Blue Book as a garage and service station as well as an inn; a 1925 newspaper page, by OCR, names it and the Battletown Inn as two different places. It lasted, the article says, until the Battletown Inn's proprietors bought the house in 1952 and brought their name with them.", "claim_ids": [ "C125" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Dinners, Rotary nights and a tavern upstairs", "text": "At 102 West Main the Battletown Inn was a restaurant with rooms. The Rotary Club of Clarke County held its Charter Night there on October 10, 1998, twenty-six members strong, and made it a meeting place. A 2012 tourism page counted it among the town's lodgings; a 2013 listing promised Southern cuisine on the patio, in the dining room or the tavern, with music on Thursdays and Saturdays. That year Clarke Monthly visited the second-floor Gray Ghost Tavern and its full bar, and heard from James Lynch, co-owner of the establishment with Ming Chan since 2006, about a patio built, rooms refreshed and a kitchen re-equipped without touching the structure.", "claim_ids": [ "C127", "C128", "C129" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A locked door", "text": "By June 2015 the door was locked, with a sign that promised a reopening that had not come. The writer who found it described dining rooms, a lounge, the upstairs bar with its private rooms, and a separate building of twelve guest rooms, nine finished; she named the Bernstein Family Foundation as the owner, painting and repairing and looking for a buyer. When the last dinner was served, and what came after, no source inspected here says.", "claim_ids": [ "C130" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not date the inn to the construction of the house: the survey dates a residence, and the 1809 statements in later copy are uncited. It does not make \"Lighthouse\" a name for 102 West Main, resolve whether the earlier inn was at 5 or 9-13 West Main or at Main and Church, verify the hospital tradition, settle who held title in any year, or give a closing date. The old tavern and the Daniel Morgan story are a retelling, told in the Battletown story next door.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Building documented; name transfer reported; closure reported; earlier site unresolved.", "explanation": "The 1987 nomination documents the Sarah Stribling House, its ca. 1810 date, original residential use and 1987 commercial use. A 2015 feature reports the earlier inn at another site and the 1952 move of the name, and reports the closure; the Rotary Club and dated captures document uses in between. OCR of 1925 newspapers supports two separate inns that year but has not been checked against page images. The earlier site's address is given three ways by the sources and is left that way.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C121", "C123", "C130" ] } }, { "id": "blandy-working-landscape", "title": "Blandy: orchard, farm and arboretum", "subtitle": "How 712 acres of an estate near Boyce were farmed for profit, then for teaching, then leased to a farmer.", "category": "Working Clarke", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1905 / 1926 / 1976", "summary": "Upton Boyce planted apples on the Tuleyries land in the 1880s. Fifty years on, 712 of its acres belonged to the University of Virginia, which in 1976 stopped farming them for profit without stopping the farming.", "entity_ids": [ "tuleyries", "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "claim_ids": [ "C131", "C132", "C133", "C134", "C135", "C136", "C137" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Land can change owners, managers and purposes while the work on it goes on. The 1976 decision ended the University's profit farming and began a farmer's lease.", "open_question": "What did the 1976 lease say, how long did it run, and what did Fairfax Community College's students grow on their eighty acres?", "next_step": "The University's farm ledgers and lease files, and the Rivanna Archeological Services report the article was adapted from, would answer what the recovered text cannot.", "related_story": "route7-greenhouses", "related_reason": "Another Clarke County growing operation seen through what one account remembers.", "exercise_id": "Q08", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Orchard, farm, arboretum." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Apples on the estate", "text": "In the decades after the railroad reached the county, Upton Boyce planted apples at Tuleyries: about thirty-four acres north and east of the house, the article says, six acres and fifty trees in the 1880 census, eighty-three acres east and southeast of the mansion by 1905, alongside corn, oats, wheat, cattle and pigs. A packing shed, \"believed\" built about 1900, still stands as the farm's Education Building; the article thinks it \"likely\" went up when the orchards matured and apples had to be sorted and shipped. Under Graham Blandy, who owned the estate for two decades, a manager named Horace J. Martin ran the farm.", "claim_ids": [ "C131", "C132" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A will, a director, and a farm that lost money", "text": "Graham Blandy died in 1926. His will gave 712 acres of Tuleyries, but not the mansion or the land around it, to the University of Virginia, to be called the Blandy Experimental Farm and to \"teach boys how to farm\". The University took possession that year and hired Orland E. White as director. In the first full season, 1927, White found weedy fields, miles of stone walls and scattered old orchards; Harry Antrim, the farm manager, was put in charge of the commercial side, and White recorded that running the place cost $8,000 while the apple crop brought in $4,000.", "claim_ids": [ "C133", "C134" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Trees for a different purpose", "text": "The farm kept working under Antrim and, after his death in 1931, under his son Robert. But by the late 1930s the old orchards around the Quarters were coming out as the arboretum's plantings spread. Decades later, in 1976, the University decided \"to abandon farming for profit altogether\". The same sentence in the article tells what happened next: about 500 acres were leased to Edward B. Lee Sr., a local farmer, and about 80 acres were kept for community-college students learning to farm. In 1986 the farm was designated the State Arboretum of Virginia.", "claim_ids": [ "C135", "C136", "C137" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Owners, managers and land", "text": "Graham Blandy owned; Horace Martin, Harry Antrim and Robert Antrim managed; the University possessed; Edward Lee leased. Tuleyries the estate, the 712 acres of the bequest, the experimental farm and the arboretum are four different things that share ground. And \"farming for profit\" ended in 1976; farming did not. This site keeps each of those distinctions because the source does.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Orchard growth, the 1926 bequest, the 1927 season, and the 1976 change documented from one article, read as indexed text.", "explanation": "Every statement here rests on one local historical article, the Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association for 2012, known to this project only as indexed text because the PDF could not be retrieved. Within that limit the article is specific: acreages by date, the bequest's exclusions, named managers, a cost-and-income comparison, the late-1930s orchard removal around the Quarters, and the 1976 decision with its lease and student acreage. It does not claim the removal of the remaining orchards, nor an end to farming.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C131", "C133", "C136" ] } }, { "id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "title": "Hawthorne Hall: a house with many uses", "subtitle": "A corner house that was a tavern, a hospital, a clinic, the county's only library, a bus shelter and a home.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "ca. 1820 / 1929 / 2006", "summary": "A tavern, a doctor's office, a children's clinic, a dress shop and the county's only public library, in one brick house at Main and Buckmarsh.", "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C139", "C140", "C141", "C142", "C143", "C144", "C145", "C146", "C155", "C156", "C157", "C158", "C159" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A single downtown building carried a tavern, a hospital, a clinic, a shop, a library and a bus shelter, often at the same time, and the contemporary paper is what shows the overlap.", "open_question": "What do the deeds and the county's early public-health and library records say about the 1919 clinic and the 1929 library?", "next_step": "The Clarke County deed chain for 100 W. Main, Hawthorne Library records if any survive with the county library, and the public-health nurse's appointment in county minutes.", "related_story": "battletown-inn-story", "related_reason": "The house next door, which the same survey dates ten years earlier.", "exercise_id": "Q09", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Built in three centuries." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A house on the corner", "text": "100 West Main Street is a Federal brick house of about 1820 at Main and Buckmarsh — the Treadwell Smith House, now Hawthorne Hall — residential in origin, a doctor's office by 1987, and the only original building left at its corner, as the 1987 survey of the historic district has it. The family who sold it in 2006 told it differently and older: a rear portion on Buckmarsh \"presumed\" to be from around 1795, a Main Street front of 1816, a last addition about 1920. The survey's date is kept as the building's, the family's as an account.", "claim_ids": [ "C139", "C140" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Travelers, then patients", "text": "Treadwell Smith bought the house at auction in 1830 and kept an ordinary, food and lodging for travelers, by the 2017 account; his son Charles inherited it in 1872. In 1887 Dr. Alfred Tucker rented it for his medical office and a small hospital. In 1919 Archibald Cummins, a mining engineer turned county benefactor, bought it from the Smith heirs, built the last addition, hired the county's first public health nurse and opened a clinic; for a while the place was the Cummins Clinic Building.", "claim_ids": [ "C141", "C142", "C143" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The county's library, upstairs from the doctor", "text": "In 1929 or 1930 Cummins put his own books in the building and hired a librarian: the Hawthorne Library, named for his favorite author, the county's only public library until the books went to the new high school in 1954. The Clarke Courier could not keep its own dating straight: its 1935 feature is headlined \"Established In 1930\" and counts loans from that January, while its 1939 notice says Cummins \"first opened\" the library in December 1929. Both are printed here. Dr. Frank Tappan, whose education Cummins had paid for, practiced on the first floor and lived upstairs, and inherited the building in 1933. During the Second World War, the account says, the never-locked building became an informal bus station where soldiers sheltered until the bus came.", "claim_ids": [ "C144", "C145", "C157", "C158" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the newspaper saw", "text": "The building's own decades show up in the paper a week at a time. On June 11, 1931 the Courier announced a clinic at the Hawthorne Building for the removal of children's tonsils and adenoids on the Friday and Saturday following, examinations at nine. In April 1934 The Little Shop advertised suits, dresses and polo coats from \"HEADQUARTERS The Little Shop HAWTHORNE BUILDING\". In November 1935 the library held two thousand books, lent more than thirteen thousand since January 1930, and opened mornings and afternoons, free to read or borrow, the books \"cared for through the generosity of Dr. and Mrs. Frank Tappan\". In February 1939 a benefit bazaar was planned \"in the Hawthorne House in the rooms of the Library and Tappan apartments\", which is the clearest evidence that these uses shared a roof rather than followed one another. In March 1947 the library was still open weekday afternoons and Saturday evenings.", "claim_ids": [ "C155", "C156", "C157", "C158", "C159" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Offices and apartments", "text": "Dr. Robert York joined Tappan's practice in 1953, married into the family, and retired in 1994. In 2006 the Yorks sold the building to Melinda Kramer, who renovated it; in November 2017 it held four offices and seven apartments and was for sale again. What it holds today isn't in the sources this page rests on.", "claim_ids": [ "C146" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not choose between 1795, 1816 and about 1820 for the building, or between December 1929 and 1930 for the library; the survey dates the building, the family dates its parts, and the newspaper dates the library two ways. It does not say the tavern ran until the doctor arrived, name the nurse, or describe the building after 2017. The newspaper notices are read from Library of Congress OCR; no page image was inspected, so the quotations follow the OCR, including its spellings.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Building documented by the 1987 survey; uses reported by a 2017 account and, for 1931 to 1947, by the contemporary newspaper.", "explanation": "The nomination documents the house, its ca. 1820 date and its original residential use. The tavern, hospital, clinic, library and bus-shelter phases come from one 2017 building history resting on the York family's account. Five Clarke Courier issues between 1931 and 1947, read in Library of Congress OCR, independently show a clinic, a shop, and the library at three separate dates, and place the library and the Tappan apartments in the same rooms. They also disagree with each other about when the library opened, and that disagreement is published rather than settled.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C139", "C157", "C158" ] } }, { "id": "passenger-depot-story", "title": "Berryville's depot and the window guard it became", "subtitle": "Built in 1910, vacant by 1987, demolished in 1990, and back on Main Street in pieces in 2024.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "1910 / 1990 / 2024", "summary": "A railroad station's four dates, each from a different kind of source, and the one piece of it still on Main Street.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C148", "C149", "C150", "C160", "C161", "C162", "C163", "C164" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A building can be dated closely without being dated completely: nine months of construction reported week by week, and still no day when the first passenger walked in.", "open_question": "When did the station actually open, when did the last passenger train call, and what did the railroad and the town file in 1990?", "next_step": "Norfolk Southern and Town of Berryville records for 1988-1990; a timetable or newspaper notice for the end of passenger service.", "related_story": "winston-hall-story", "related_reason": "Another Berryville building that came down, told from institutional memory.", "exercise_id": "Q11", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "The depot that became a window guard." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Two stations", "text": "Berryville's first railway station stood north of Main Street on First Street and handled freight and passengers alike until 1910, a 2024 report says, when the Norfolk and Western built a passenger station south of Main Street, opposite the big gristmill, and left the old one to freight. The 1987 survey describes the new depot: brick, hipped roof, wide bracketed eaves, and \"fanciful iron grillwork\" over the main windows. The survey puts it on South First Street; the report says Station Avenue. Same building, two ways of naming the spot.", "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C148" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Nine months of building", "text": "The Courier followed the work. In November 1909 it reported private advice that the long-promised station would soon start, and would be \"one of the best on the entire system\". On January 5, 1910, under the headline \"New Depot Assured\", a railway official told the paper the board had passed it and work would begin when the spring weather opened, on McCormick land south of the turnpike, with steam heat, electric light and room for passengers, baggage, express and freight. On March 2 the paper reported that work had started on the Monday and that a large force of men were preparing the ground. In May the contractor was named: O. L. Burnett of the J. P. Pettijohn Company of Lynchburg, with the railway wanting the building done \"on or before August 1\", excavation under way and a water line trenched in from Main Street. By late July the outside painting was finished and the painters had moved indoors. On August 10 the finishing touches were going on and Station Agent Macomb \"expects to move in next Sunday if everything goes well\".", "claim_ids": [ "C160", "C161", "C162", "C163", "C164" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Vacant, then gone", "text": "By 1987 the survey recorded the station standing but vacant. For two years the Berryville-Clarke County Chamber of Commerce negotiated with Norfolk Southern to take it as a visitors' center; the railroad would give the brick building but not the ground under it, and a brick building does not move cheaply. On July 2, 1990 the railroad demolished it.", "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C149" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What came back", "text": "Souvenir hunters took bricks and the heavy iron window guards. One guard surfaced at Hip and Humble, the shop in the mill across from the site; Berryville Main Street acquired it in 2023, and in mid-March 2024 a town crew set it at the Main Street entrance to Hogan's Alley, named for a town manager who died in 1997. A fitting from a building that no longer exists, doing a new job.", "claim_ids": [ "C150" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Four dates, four kinds of evidence", "text": "Construction is now dated week by week from the paper of the town, from the promise in November 1909 to the agent's expectation in August 1910. That expectation is where the record stops: no issue confirming that he moved in, or that a train was met at the new platform, was recovered, so this site gives the station no opening day. Vacancy (1987) comes from the survey's own observation; demolition (July 2, 1990) from a 2024 retrospective, with no contemporary report or railroad file recovered; the reuse of the window guard is described by two organizations independently. The newspaper text is Library of Congress OCR, quoted as it stands.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Construction sequence documented contemporaneously; 1987 vacancy from the survey; demolition and reuse retrospective; no opening date.", "explanation": "Seven Clarke Courier issues between November 1909 and August 1910, read in Library of Congress OCR, carry the approval, the site, the intended facilities, the start of work, the contractor, the completion date the railway wanted, and the agent's conditional expectation of moving in. The 1987 nomination documents the finished building and finds it vacant. Demolition on July 2, 1990 still rests on a single 2024 retrospective; the 2024 reuse of a window guard is described by both that retrospective and Virginia Main Street. No inspected source records an opening day or a first passenger service, so none is published.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C147", "C162", "C164" ] } }, { "id": "twenty-three-east-main-story", "title": "23 East Main Street: livery, town offices, gallery", "subtitle": "A building with an old back and a new front, and a name it carries without dates.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "2 min", "range_label": "mid-1800s / 1987 / 2010", "summary": "A livery behind a Colonial Revival front, then police and town offices, then a craft gallery for nine years. Three sources describe the building and no two carry the same identifying detail.", "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main", "fire-house-gallery" ], "claim_ids": [ "C151", "C152", "C153", "C154", "C165", "C166" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Three sources describe one building and no two carry the same identifying detail: dates without an address, an address without dates, and an opening month reported two ways.", "open_question": "When, if ever, was 23 East Main a fire station, and what did the town do with the ground floor after the gallery closed?", "next_step": "Town of Berryville property and fire-company records, and the Sanborn maps, would date the livery, the fire station and the front.", "related_story": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "related_reason": "Another East Main address where the record is a set of dated snapshots.", "exercise_id": "Q10", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Livery, town office, gallery." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "An old ell behind a new front", "text": "Behind a mid-twentieth-century Colonial Revival front at 23 East Main sit nineteenth-century rear sections, among them a brick ell from the mid-1800s that \"was a livery\". The 1987 survey, which lists the address as the police and town office, rated the building noncontributing to the district — which says something about the front and nothing about the story behind it.", "claim_ids": [ "C151" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the fire company remembers", "text": "The John H. Enders Fire Company's own history says that \"In 1935 a Firehouse was built on East Main Street a couple of doors up from the John H. Enders Funeral Home\", and that it \"has been used as offices for The Town of Berryville and its Police Department since 1958\". Those are the dates behind the name everyone uses. The page never prints a street number, so it is the 1987 survey, which records 23 East Main as the police and town office, that ties the fire company's building to this address. That is an inference, and this site makes it in the open rather than printing a settled span for this address.", "claim_ids": [ "C165" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Fire House Gallery", "text": "In January 2010 Downtown Berryville Inc., the organization better known as Berryville Main Street, opened the Fire House Gallery here, selling local and regional handmade work and renting incubator rooms upstairs to start-ups. Two sources give two opening days: Virginia Main Street, writing that November, says the gallery \"opened on January 8\"; the organization's own closing announcement, nine years later, says January 9. The month is certain and the day is not. That 2019 notice calls the town-owned building \"the historic, two-story former fire station\", and says the gallery was to close on September 30, 2019 so the organization could go back to promoting other people's businesses.", "claim_ids": [ "C152" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Upstairs, in turn", "text": "The incubator room above the gallery had a yoga studio with a grand opening on May 8–9, 2015, a jeweler in Suite B from November 2017, and a fiber-art shop from March 2018, each reported when it opened and none when it left. In September 2026 Berryville Main Street's website places its Downtown Berryville Business Incubator at Suite 202. Different businesses, one rented room, no succession implied. A furnishings shop now listed at this address opened in November 2014, but its own website gave a South Church Street address in October 2014 and still gave it in August 2019, so its opening date belongs to a different doorway and the date it moved here is not established.", "claim_ids": [ "C153", "C154", "C166" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not date the livery, turn the fire company's years into a settled span for this address, say what the town office became, name the ground-floor tenant after 2019, or treat the incubator in Suite 202 as the gallery's program carried on. It does not give the gallery an exact opening day, and it does not let a business's founding date stand in for the day it arrived at this address.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Building documented by the survey; firehouse and municipal dates from the fire company, without a street number; gallery month certain, day disputed.", "explanation": "The 1987 nomination documents the front, the rear ell's livery past and the 1987 town-office use. The fire company's history supplies 1935 for an East Main firehouse and 1958 for town and police use but prints no number, so the address comes from the survey and the join is an inference stated as one. Virginia Main Street and Clarke Monthly disagree by one day on the gallery's 2010 opening; its closing date is the scheduled one. Archived pages show that a business now listed here opened elsewhere in 2014. No source dates a fire station at this number, and none establishes that the current Suite 202 incubator continues the gallery-era one.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C151", "C152", "C165" ] } }, { "id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "title": "Inside Blue Ridge Wildlife Center", "subtitle": "A hotline that became an 8,700 square foot wildlife hospital, on a conservation easement outside Boyce.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "2000 / 2001 / 2025", "summary": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center treats about four thousand wild animals a year, free, on an easement outside Boyce. By its own account almost all of them were hurt by people.", "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "claim_ids": [ "C260", "C262", "C263", "C264", "C265", "C266", "C267", "C268", "C269", "C270", "C271", "C272", "C273", "C274", "C275" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A regional wildlife hospital operates in Clarke County on land it says a private foundation provides at no cost, treats about four thousand animals a year for free, and reports patients from forty counties across four states and the District of Columbia.", "open_question": "When did the hotline become a hospital, where did the work happen before the building, what instrument governs the land it stands on, and where do its patients actually come from?", "next_step": "The instrument governing the land, and the organization's own incorporation record, would settle what the published accounts leave open.", "related_story": "blandy-working-landscape", "related_reason": "Another institution on land outside Boyce whose purpose was set by somebody else's gift, and another case where what the ground is for was decided off the property.", "exercise_id": "Q12", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Wildlife doesn't make appointments." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A telephone number, and then a hospital", "text": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center dates itself to 2000, and says it began as a wildlife assistance hotline. The federal exempt-organization register issued its 501(c)(3) exemption in February 2001, under EIN 54-1996991, with a Boyce locality. An exemption date is not a founding date, and the two sit together without difficulty: organizations usually operate before recognition arrives.\n\nWhat it became is a veterinary facility of 8,700 square feet, on Island Farm Lane. That figure is the building's floor area, as the organization states it, not the size of the property. When exactly the hotline turned into the hospital is not something any source read for this profile puts a date on, and it is the largest gap in the account below.\n\nThe organization describes that early work two ways. Its About page and a March 2025 feature call the start a wildlife assistance hotline. The introduction to its own 2025 annual report calls it a small education effort. Those are not competing claims: answering calls about wildlife and teaching people about wildlife are the kind of thing one small operation does at once, and nothing read here says whether they were one activity or two.", "claim_ids": [ "C260", "C262", "C263" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Four thousand patients a year", "text": "For 2024 the center reported patients from 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia, and 172 species. Clarke Monthly, writing in March 2025, put the staff at 16 with 50 volunteers and the budget at about $1.5 million, without tying those three figures to a particular year. The 2025 annual report records 4,005 patients of 166 species and 49,686 hotline calls.\n\nEvery one of those figures comes from the organization. Local reporting carried them and attributed them to the executive director rather than to any record a reporter examined, and the annual report is the organization's own document. The budget figure is a reported one: no tax return was read for this profile, and nothing here is taken from a filing.\n\nClarke Monthly reports that none of the money comes from state or federal funds, that the center is not allowed to charge for its services, and that everything from diagnostics to surgery to rehabilitation is free. The organization says the same about its funding on its own About page. The rule about charging is the article's sentence; no regulation was read for this profile.", "claim_ids": [ "C264", "C265", "C268" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Ninety-nine percent", "text": "Ninety-nine percent of the injuries the center treats are caused by humans or domestic animals, its executive director told Clarke Monthly in March 2025. Cars, lawnmowers, string trimmers, cats and dogs. About seven in ten patients are released.\n\nFor 2025 the organization published release rates by class, measured only among animals that survived their first 24 hours: amphibians 82 percent, birds 58 percent, mammals 78 percent, reptiles 80 percent. That denominator matters, and the organization states it plainly. A rate that excludes the first day cannot be compared with one that does not.\n\nLead runs through the published case record. An adult bald eagle admitted in December 2024 had a blood lead level of 49. Another, treated for a shoulder fracture and lead toxicity together, was announced for release at Banshee Reeks Nature Preserve on March 29, 2025, at a public event. Whether that release went ahead is not something any source read here reports. The center attributes the exposure to ammunition fragments left in gut piles and in deer that were shot and not recovered, and says a fragment the size of a grain of rice is enough to kill an eagle. It radiographs donated venison year-round and has found old lead in deer taken with non-lead ammunition.\n\nTwo cases are two cases. Nothing read here says what share of the caseload lead accounts for.", "claim_ids": [ "C266", "C267", "C269" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A turtle named Jesse", "text": "Some patients cannot go back. A wood turtle named Jesse stayed because of an eye problem and because nobody knew where she had been found, which is a survivability question rather than a sentimental one: a turtle returned to the wrong watershed is not returned at all. She is now part of the education team and travels to schools and events.\n\nPrograms run in schools within an hour's drive under names like Wild Virginia, Wildlife in Winter, Turtle Takeover and World at Night. The organization published two measures of reach for 2025. Its year-end message in January counted 62 educational programs and more than 3,500 people. Its annual report in April counted 78 programs and events and over 5,000. The second counts a wider category, and what each one includes is not set out.\n\nTraining is the other half. The center calls itself one of two wildlife veterinary teaching hospitals in Virginia, hosts one veterinary intern a year, and ran 13 summer rehabilitation interns in 2025 who contributed more than 7,000 hours. In that year it launched its first year-long veterinary, rehabilitation and education fellowships, paid, with housing, funded by donations.\n\nThe research is filed under One Health, the idea that human, animal and environmental health are one problem. Avian influenza, COVID-19 in wild animals, tick-borne illness. A 2025 study of eastern cottontails as hosts for disease-carrying ticks reached the Journal of Medical Entomology.", "claim_ids": [ "C270", "C271", "C272" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The county it sits in", "text": "The center operates at 106 Island Farm Lane, Boyce, on land under a Burwell-van Lennep Foundation conservation easement. The organization says the foundation provides that land at no cost. That is its own description of the arrangement, not a record of it: no deed, lease or parcel record was inspected for this profile, and who owns the land, who owns the building and what instrument governs the use are all open.\n\nClarke County is where the hospital is, and the work reaches well past it. For 2024 the center reported patients from 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia. That is the patient measure, and it carries no county ranking: no source read here says how many animals came from Clarke, or from anywhere else.\n\nA different measure is published. In 2025 the five counties generating the most hotline calls were Loudoun, Frederick, Fairfax, Fauquier and Warren, and Clarke was not among them, which the organization noted itself. Calls are not patients, and that ranking says nothing about where the animals came from.\n\nClarke Monthly called it a Clarke County institution making a difference in the region and beyond, which is a fair description of something that is local by address and regional by reach.", "claim_ids": [ "C273", "C274" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Scale, care, education and location from six published articles and pages, with almost every figure originating from the organization itself.", "explanation": "Six sources were read in full: a Clarke Monthly feature, Royal Examiner's report of the 2025 annual report, the organization's own About page and year-end message, and single-case reports from Middleburg Life and Rocktown Now. Federal identity comes from the IRS register by way of ProPublica. Within that limit the record is specific: patient and species counts by year, published release rates with their own denominator, a reported staff and budget figure, named education programs, a named journal publication, and an address. It does not establish when the facility opened, where the work happened before it, who owns the land or the building, what share of the caseload lead accounts for, or where patients come from by county - the published county ranking counts hotline calls, not animals.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C265", "C267", "C273" ] } }, { "id": "dear-clarke-2025", "title": "Dear Clarke: a year in the life of our county", "subtitle": "2025, read back through the twelve issues of the county's own monthly paper.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "8 min", "range_label": "January / June / December 2025", "summary": "A first at the fire company, thirty people with brush cutters in a cemetery, eighty-five thousand anonymous dollars for the schools, and a hundred meals put together in a few days.", "entity_ids": [ "enders-fire-company", "coiner-grand-emporium", "berryville", "boyce-railway-depot", "clarke-county-education-foundation", "jack-schutte", "conservation-easement-authority", "clermont", "museum", "josephine-williams", "ruritan-fairgrounds", "josephine-city", "retreat-of-berryville", "ruritan-club", "clarke-county-historical-association", "mountain-gap-market", "friends-of-the-blue-ridge-mountains", "fish-of-clarke-county", "friends-of-the-shenandoah-river", "wayside-farm", "clarke-monthly", "low-water-bridge-band" ], "claim_ids": [ "C300", "C301", "C302", "C303", "C304", "C305", "C306", "C307", "C308", "C309", "C310", "C311", "C312", "C313", "C314", "C315", "C316", "C317", "C318", "C319", "C320", "C321", "C322" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A year in a small county is mostly people deciding to do something and then doing it, and the record of it is one monthly paper.", "open_question": "What did the county, the towns and the schools do in 2025 that this paper did not cover, and what became of the proposed Blue Ridge resort after December?", "next_step": "County and town minutes and school division records would each extend this account.", "related_story": "ruritan-fair", "related_reason": "The fairgrounds turn up all through this year, and that story is how the grounds and the club and the fair came to be three different things.", "exercise_id": "Q13", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The year began with a first", "text": "In mid-January, at the John H. Enders Fire Company and Rescue Squad's annual banquet, Maria Zimmerman was sworn in as president. She is the first woman to hold the office, and she took it up as the company began its 125th year. Zimmerman had long served on both sides of the house: the operational staff who answer calls, and the administrative staff who keep the books, mind the building and get the community suppers out the door.", "claim_ids": [ "C300" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A light back on at 26 East Main", "text": "Main Street started the year with a light back on in a building that had been dark a long while. Coiner Grand Emporium opened at 26 East Main Street on December 6, 2024, in the old Coiner's Department Store, which Emmett G. Coiner founded in 1896 and Chet Hobert later ran. That opening belongs to the year before this one, and it is dated here to when it happened rather than to when the county read about it. The new store is a general store in the old sense: hats, antique radios, comic books, baseball cards, candy.", "claim_ids": [ "C301" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Boyce, and a depot between uses", "text": "In February the paper spent a page on the 1913 Norfolk and Western depot at Boyce, which is not a museum and not a ruin but something in between. It is under the stewardship of the Boyce Railway Depot Foundation, looking toward preservation and community use. The February issue said the building had no interior visitation then, and invited readers to look at the exterior and watch the freight trains go by.", "claim_ids": [ "C302" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Thirty people and a lot of brush", "text": "On a Sunday afternoon in March about thirty volunteers turned up at Milton Valley Cemetery in Berryville to clean old headstones and clear overgrown brush. They came from Berryville and Winchester, from Frederick and Clarke counties, and from as far away as Woodbridge. The work was organized by Jim Weinmann and David Branham, two Frederick County residents who have been identifying, locating and restoring African American cemeteries in this area. It is slow work and it is done by hand.", "claim_ids": [ "C303" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two children and a reading contest", "text": "The March issue looked back to February 15, when the Josephine School Community Museum held its nineteenth Helen O. Carr Dramatic Reading Contest. Two children took the top places: Theodore Birgler, a third grader visiting relatives in the county, and Sabre Schultz, a fourth grader at D.G. Cooley Elementary School. The contest is named for a founding member of the museum, who helped start it and later served on its board.", "claim_ids": [ "C319" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Eighty-five thousand dollars, no name attached", "text": "In April the Clarke County Education Foundation announced two new funds paid for by anonymous gifts totaling $85,000. One, the Clarke County Studio Arts Fund, started with $25,000 and will put up to $2,500 a year into fine arts and photography across the school division. The other supports the International Baccalaureate program at Clarke County High School. Somebody gave that money and did not put their name on it.", "claim_ids": [ "C304" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two appointments and a guide to twelve walks", "text": "The April issue reported that Jack Schutte of Clarke County had recently been named by Governor Glenn Youngkin to a four-year term on the Virginia Sheep Industry Board. At the end of the month the Conservation Easement Authority put out an updated edition of Take a Hike!, its guide to twelve outings in the county, from short and flat to genuinely demanding. It is the sort of small publication that quietly answers the question of what to do with a clear Sunday. The Clarke County Litter Committee, meanwhile, planned its second annual Earth Day event for April 26 at the fairgrounds.", "claim_ids": [ "C305", "C306", "C318" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A mile and a half, and a hundred and fifty years", "text": "On June 7 a free ninety-minute tour called A Journey to Freedom: Josephine Williams was set to connect two places about a mile and a half apart, beginning at Clermont Farm and ending at the Josephine School Community Museum on Josephine Street. At Clermont, visitors were to hear about Ellen McCormick, who after her husband's death owned the farm and owned Josephine Williams and other African Americans. In 1870, free, Williams negotiated for land. The community that grew from those negotiations is a few hundred yards from where the tour ends.", "claim_ids": [ "C307" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Juneteenth, for the fourth time", "text": "Two weeks later the fourth annual Juneteenth Celebration was scheduled from noon to seven on Saturday, June 21 at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds, free and open to anyone who came. The announced hosts were three organizations whose names carry much of the county's Black history in them: the Josephine School Community Museum, the Josephine Improvement Association, and the Clarke County Training School and Johnson-Williams High School Reunion Association.", "claim_ids": [ "C308" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Somebody to visit", "text": "In July the Retreat of Berryville, an assisted living and memory care facility, started an Adopt a Grandparent program, open to high school students willing to visit and keep visiting. It is a small idea with an obvious catch in it, which is that the visiting has to continue after the novelty goes.", "claim_ids": [ "C309" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Fair week", "text": "The August issue put the fair at August 10 to 16, with music on the evening of the 9th. The fair as the county knows it began in the mid-1950s, when the Ruritan Club took over a community event that had been running in one form or another since the Berryville Colt and Horse Show of 1901. Two graduating seniors wrote in the paper about what fair week had been for them: late-night barn checks, ice cream with friends, nerves before showmanship, and the particular pride of having finished something.", "claim_ids": [ "C310" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "An award for the ground itself", "text": "The Clarke County Ruritan Club, which runs the fair, received a Steward for Excellence in Preservation Award for vision, dedication and commitment to safeguarding the historic local fairgrounds for future generations. The club's own account of the place is worth repeating: a hub for the fair and for markets, concerts, motorsports, youth agriculture education and the annual fireworks, on land it calls both historically significant and vulnerable to development.", "claim_ids": [ "C320" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The river, and the end of the summer", "text": "The September issue reported that The Downstream Project, a conservation nonprofit based in Berryville, had launched WaterWatch, an online tool that puts Friends of the Shenandoah River's long-running monitoring data into plain maps and graphs, so a person can check summer E. coli results before deciding whether to get in the river. The 21st Watermelon Pickers' Fest was set for the Ruritan Fairgrounds from September 4 to 6: three days of music, dance workshops, jamming, local food and craft beverages.", "claim_ids": [ "C315", "C316" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The county's own band", "text": "September also brought a piece on the Low Water Bridge Band, which the paper called one of the most well-traveled and better-known musical acts to come out of the Northern Shenandoah Valley in years, and which is from here.", "claim_ids": [ "C321" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the ground produced", "text": "In Millwood the Burwell-Morgan Mill and Chilly Hollow Brewing made a beer together from grain ground at the mill, which is about what you would do with a mill that old if you wanted it used rather than admired. East of Berryville, Wayside Farm opened for the fall: 120 acres at 5273 Harry Byrd Highway, owned by the brothers Philip and Mark Shenk with Theresa and Beth Shenk, who grew up on it raising beef cattle and growing corn, hay, wheat and soybeans.", "claim_ids": [ "C311", "C317" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Good food, made convenient", "text": "Out at Paris, five miles east of the Waterloo intersection, the Taylor family opened Mountain Gap Market at 119 John Mosby Highway. They sell donuts made with beef tallow, coffee, ice cream, local meat and dairy, pies and produce. Andrew Taylor, who grew up in Round Hill and has farmed here for years, put the idea plainly: the point was to make good food convenient.", "claim_ids": [ "C312" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A hundred meals", "text": "Late in the year Debbie Holbrook had an idea about supporting FISH of Clarke County with a special meal, and within days it had become the 100 Meals Project. Volunteers from FISH, Christ Church Cares, the Clarke County Nutrition Alliance, the Clarke County Democratic Committee, a local food truck owner and a former member of the House of Delegates met, chose a menu, and split up the buying, baking, cooking, packaging, loading and delivering. Twenty-three volunteers took assignments.", "claim_ids": [ "C314" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What December was reporting", "text": "The December issue reported growing concern over a proposed resort on the Blue Ridge. Citizen groups, among them the nonprofit Friends of the Blue Ridge Mountains, raised clear cutting, water use and traffic. That is the account this letter has: what the paper reported in December.", "claim_ids": [ "C313" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A chore for the winter", "text": "Doug Pifer, who writes the paper's natural history column, spent December on the spotted lanternfly, and specifically on its egg masses, which look like tan smears of dried clay on anything hard and flat. It is the kind of column that turns into a chore for whoever reads it, which is presumably the point.", "claim_ids": [ "C322" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Where this comes from", "text": "Every item above was read in the 2025 issues of Clarke Monthly, the county's own monthly paper, which publishes each issue in full. This letter is drawn from that one paper, so what the paper did not cover is not here, and county, town and school proceedings in particular are outside it. Where an event was announced ahead of its date, this letter says it was scheduled and does not say it happened.", "claim_ids": [ "C301", "C307", "C308" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "One year of a county, read from the twelve 2025 issues of its own monthly paper.", "explanation": "All twelve 2025 issues of Clarke Monthly were retrieved in full and read. Within that limit the record is specific: named people, dated events, addresses, dollar figures and the organizations behind them. It is one paper, so what the paper did not cover is not here, and county, town and school proceedings in particular are outside it. Announcements printed ahead of an event are carried as announcements.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C300", "C304", "C313" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-school-network", "title": "Clarke's Black school league and the proposed eighth school", "subtitle": "Two Clarke County newspapers, one Black and one white, describing the same county-wide school organization from opposite sides of 1925.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "6 min", "range_label": "1924-1927", "summary": "The Clarke Courier called it the County League of Negro schools. The People's Journal called it the Clarke County School League. It had $28 when it started and $1,265.95 eleven months later.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "et-johnson", "alma-layton", "fannie-jenkins", "florine-johnson", "clarke-courier", "peoples-journal", "gld-harris", "berryville", "josephine-city", "boyce", "millwood", "white-post", "louisville", "stone-bridge", "webbtown", "bristol" ], "claim_ids": [ "C80", "C81", "C82", "C86", "C84", "C85", "C70", "C71", "C87", "C83", "C69", "C1125", "C1127", "C1200", "C1204", "C1208" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Between July 1924 and September 1927 a county-wide organization of Black schools in Clarke County raised $1,265.95 toward a training school it had not yet found a site for, announced a Fall Meet at Boyce, and kept a named representative in seven communities. Two newspapers record it under two different names.", "open_question": "What do the school board's minutes and the League's accounts show about the connection between the 1920s campaign and the later Training School project?", "next_step": "Test the league against Clarke County school board records and the remaining Courier run, and settle whether the 1925 Court House meeting took place.", "related_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "related_reason": "The Clarke County Training School in Josephine City in the later 1930s, and the dollar-a-year pledges its League asked of families.", "exercise_id": "Q15", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Seven schools, and the league that was raising money for an eighth." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Two papers, and why both are needed", "text": "Clarke County had two newspapers writing about the same Black schools in the 1920s, and neither one is sufficient. The Clarke Courier was the general-circulation weekly; the People's Journal was the county's Black monthly. They use different names for the same things, they cover different halves of the story, and putting them side by side is the only way to see the whole of it. This page keeps three kinds of statement apart: what the Courier printed, what the Journal printed, and the identifications that rest on both and belong to nobody but us.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" }, { "heading": "Organized on the eleventh of July, with twenty-eight dollars", "text": "On June 18, 1925 the Courier reported: \"The County League of Negro schools was organized the 11th of July one year ago, at which time $28 was placed to its credit.\" That is a report published eleven months after the date it gives. It establishes what the Courier printed, not that the founding meeting happened on that day, and nothing in it says who called the meeting.", "claim_ids": [ "C80" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the money was for", "text": "The same report states the purpose: to raise money \"with which to establish a County Training school for negro children.\" Through \"special drives, entertainments and contributions from both white and <*>lored [colored] friends\" the league reported $1,265.95 on the night of June 9, 1925, with $234.15 still to raise \"Before it can locate and begin to build.\" Its president was Rev. E. T. Johnson. These are the newspaper's figures; no accounts were inspected. This June 1925 report ends before a site had been chosen. Later reporting describes the Training School's new building in Josephine City, but does not by itself trace this campaign's money into that project.", "claim_ids": [ "C81" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A meeting called at the Court House", "text": "Six weeks earlier the Courier had announced that W. D. Gresham, supervisor of Negro education of Virginia, would speak at the Court House in Berryville on the night of May 4, 1925, \"under the auspices of the Clarke County Colored school league,\" with division superintendent Leslie D. Kline presiding, and with \"special seats [be]ing reserved\" for invited white school officials. That is an announcement of an intended meeting. Nothing in the cited records establishes that it took place, who came, or what was said.", "claim_ids": [ "C82" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Seven schools, thirteen teachers", "text": "The Courier's teacher assignment list of July 9, 1925 names the Black schools of the county and who was teaching in them: \"Stone Bridge colored -- Ella F. Carter. Boyce Colored -- Alma Layton and Matilda Herbert. Millwood Colored -- J. P Rier, Prin., Louise Bannister and Clarissa Layton. White Post Colored -- Estelle Mitchell and Margaretta Richarson. Josephine colored school -- E T. Johnson, Fannie Jenkins, Florine Johnson. Louisville colored -- Emma E. Alexander. Bristol colored -- George W. Carter.\" Seven schools, thirteen named teachers. The quoted passage is the tail of a longer county list, so it establishes which Black schools this list names — not that these were all of them.", "claim_ids": [ "C86" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "One school under two names", "text": "In October 1924 the People's Journal printed its own roster: \"Berryville: Rev. E. T. Johnson, pastor of the Free Baptist Church, principal; Mrs. F. Johnson and Miss Fanny Jenkins, assistants.\" Nine months later the Courier's list gives the same three people, in the same roles — at the \"Josephine colored school.\" Three teachers do not usually move together. The reading here is that this is one school under two names: the Black paper naming it for the town, the white paper for the Black neighborhood. That is an identification we are making, not a statement either paper makes. Two schools could in principle share a staff, and reading the Journal's \"Mrs. F. Johnson\" as the Courier's \"Florine Johnson\" expands an initial. It says nothing about the school building.", "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A name for every community", "text": "In August 1927 the People's Journal announced a \"CLARKE COUNTY FALL MEET AT BOYCE, VA. FRIDAY, SEP. 16, 1927. In Mr. R. P. Page's Woods,\" a basket picnic with \"Contests and Field Sports, Baseball Contest a Specialty,\" under the auspices of the Clarke County School League. Then it printed the committee, and the committee is the map: Rev. E. T. Johnson as president, then Jacob Jackson for Berryville, Hannah Randolph for Boyce, Geo. Edwards for Louisville, DeRoy Layton for Millwood, Jno. Togging [Toggins] for Stone Bridge, Geo. Carter for Webbtown, Edward Crittenden for White Post, and Mrs. Alma B. Layton as secretary. Seven communities with a named representative each. The announcement ran six weeks ahead of the date. Whether the meet took place, and whether the list was the whole League, is not something the paper came back to.", "claim_ids": [ "C70", "C71" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The same league, and the same secretary", "text": "The Courier's 1925 organization and the Journal's 1927 League are recorded here as one organization: both are county-wide bodies of Black schools in Clarke County, both are described as acting for the county's Black schools, and Rev. E. T. Johnson is named president of both. Neither paper uses the other's name for it, so this too is an identification rather than a reported fact. The same goes for Alma Layton, teaching at Boyce Colored school on the Courier's 1925 list and secretary of the League on the Journal's 1927 committee. Layton is plainly a common surname here — the Courier's own list also names Clarissa Layton at Millwood, and the 1927 committee names DeRoy Layton for Millwood — so the identification rests on the given name, in one small county, and is carried as qualified.", "claim_ids": [ "C83", "C87" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The editor had been a teacher", "text": "One detail reorganizes the Journal's twenty-eight years of education coverage. In February 1925 the paper printed a resolution of respect for a deceased retired teacher, and it is signed under the heading \"Retired Teachers\" by three people — the third of them G. L. D. Harris. The man who printed the school rosters, the League announcements and the committee lists was a retired Clarke County public-school teacher signing as one of them. Where or how long he taught is not stated and is not inferred, and the paper is again the only witness; county school-board records would test it and have not been consulted.", "claim_ids": [ "C69" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What is reported, and what is inferred", "text": "Four statements on this page are ours rather than the papers': that the Courier's league and the Journal's League are one organization, that the Berryville school and the Josephine colored school are one school, that the Journal's Mrs. F. Johnson is the Courier's Florine Johnson, and that the Boyce teacher and the League secretary are one Alma Layton. Each is marked as an identification and each is separable — if any one of them is wrong, the reported facts around it stand unchanged.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" }, { "heading": "What happened next", "text": "By 1930, the Courier was reporting a new building for the Clarke County Training School. It described a contract awarded to Kelley and Kelley and, in May, reported that the school's patrons had finished digging the foundation. An August notice described the building as recently erected in Josephine City. The September dedication report did not end with a finished fundraising campaign: the patrons said they had taken on the auditorium chairs, and that the chairs were still unpaid and their bond still had to be met. The later account, {{story:clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story}}, follows those obligations. These later reports establish what the paper said about the building and its supporters. They do not establish that the 1920s county League and the later Improvement League were one continuous organization, or account for the transfer of the earlier campaign's funds.", "claim_ids": [ "C1125", "C1127", "C1200", "C1204", "C1208" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Two independent newspapers. Four identifications, each marked as ours.", "explanation": "The league's founding date, its finances, the Court House meeting and the seven-school list are all Clarke Courier reports, carried as what that paper printed. The Fall Meet and its committee are People's Journal announcements, printed before the date they name, so neither establishes that the event happened. The four joins between the two papers — one organization, one school, one Florine Johnson, one Alma Layton — are identifications this project is making from convergent detail, not statements either paper makes, and each is recorded separately so that one failing does not take the others with it.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C80", "C81", "C83", "C85" ] } }, { "id": "josephine-everyday-life", "title": "Everyday life in Josephine City", "subtitle": "What one Black newspaper recorded about ordinary life in Josephine City between 1910 and 1927.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1899 / 1910-1927", "summary": "Between 1910 and 1927 the People's Journal, a Black newspaper published at Berryville, carried advertisements, church notices and personal items from Josephine City: a grocery, a boarding house, a lunch room, houses being enlarged and repaired, and a congregation meeting on fourth Sundays.", "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "sw-brown", "lucy-franklin", "josephine-johnson", "george-cooper", "gld-harris", "peoples-journal", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C67", "C68", "C62", "C63", "C64", "C65", "C60", "C61", "C66" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Between 1910 and 1927 the People's Journal named a grocer, a woman taking boarders, a woman running a lunch room, three householders improving their houses, a congregation meeting on fourth Sundays, and a man killed at the railroad crossing — glimpses of daily life in Josephine City as one monthly paper recorded them.", "open_question": "Do the town's own records — deeds, tax books, council minutes — name the same households, and do they place any of these businesses at an address?", "next_step": "Read the thirteen Berryville municipal documents already retrieved that mention Josephine, then test the advertisement names against census and deed records.", "related_story": "clarke-school-network", "related_reason": "The schools of Josephine City and the county's other Black communities, and the league that raised money for them, from the same newspapers.", "exercise_id": "Q14", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "A grocery, a boarding house, a lunch room." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A community in the paper", "text": "Josephine City's founding is told in the older Clarke record: a receipt in 1867, thirty-one acres sold to twenty-four formerly enslaved buyers in 1870, a school in 1882. This story turns to the community once people were living in it: who kept shop, who took in boarders, where a congregation met on a Sunday afternoon. Between 1910 and 1927 the People's Journal, a monthly newspaper printed two miles away, carried those things as ordinary local news.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" }, { "heading": "The paper, and the man who was all of it", "text": "The People's Journal was published at Berryville and carried G. L. D. Harris as editor and proprietor on its 1899 masthead. He was still named as its editor in 1927. In between, the ownership statement the Post Office required of him in August 1921 says the rest plainly: \"The ownership being individual, no securities have been issued. G. L. D. Harris Editor, Publisher, Owner.\" One man, one paper, at least twenty-eight years. The newspaper is the only witness to any of this, and nothing about his birth, death, family or residence is claimed here.", "claim_ids": [ "C67", "C68" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "\"Be it known to the public\"", "text": "In June 1910, S. W. Brown advertised a new grocery in Josephine City, in his own first person: \"Be it known to the public that I; S. W. Brown, has opened a lttile [little] Grocery Store, in Josephine Ciiy [City], and do ask the patronage of public; I keep on hand, coffee, tea, Baking powders, soda Laundry and Toile [Toilet] Soaps, coal Oil, salt, macthes [matches]; prunes, rice, vingar [vinegar] and candies.\" The bracketed words are the transcription's corrections to the scan, not the paper's.", "claim_ids": [ "C62" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A residence opened to boarders", "text": "In January 1912 the same paper carried a smaller notice: \"MRS. LUCY FRANKLIN. Has opened her RESIDENCE In Josephine City FOR FALL & WINTER BOARDERS. Berryville, Virginia.\" A house doing business as a house. Later issues carry board-and-lodging advertisements under her name that do not name Josephine City, and those are not treated here as evidence of the same premises.", "claim_ids": [ "C63" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Ice cream, and fresh pies daily", "text": "In March 1925 an advertisement headed Josephine City read: \"MRS. JOSEPHINE JOHNSON. LUNCH ROOM. ICE-CREAM. FRESH PIES DAILY. BREAD DAILY. REASONABLE PRICES. POLITE ATTENDANCE. GIVE ME A CALL.\" In August 1927 it ran again, near-identical. Two appearances two years and five months apart establish that the copy was still running, not that the lunch room traded continuously between them. Her given name and the community's are the same word, and that is a coincidence of naming, not a connection: nothing here links her to Josephine Williams.", "claim_ids": [ "C64" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two rooms, an improvement, a repair", "text": "Three one-line items, three years apart, in the personals column. April 1924: \"Mr. Edie Jenkins has added two rooms to the old home in Josephine City, where he now lives, which is an improvment [improvement].\" January 1925: \"Mrs. Kate Legions has made a nice improvment [improvement] to her residence in Josephine City.\" July 1926: \"Mrs. Lizzie Carter is having her house repaired in Josephine City.\" The paper treated building work in Josephine City as ordinary local news worth a line. No address is given for any of the three houses, no ownership is established, and none is inferred.", "claim_ids": [ "C65" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Fourth Sunday, three o'clock", "text": "The Journal's standing church directory in January 1912 listed: \"PRIMITIVE BAPTIST--ROBERT WILLIAMS, pastor. Preaching every Fourth Sunday, in each month, in Josephine City, at 3 o'clock p. m.\" Sixteen months later the same arrangement was still being printed. A directory is an announced schedule, not an attendance record, and both notices are the same newspaper rather than two independent witnesses. In April 1913 the paper reported a wedding: \"Mr. Anthony Bray and Mrs. Harriett Fitzhugh, both are of Clarke county, were married at the Old School Church in Josephine City. Saturday April 26. 1913.\" Whether that building was the 1882 school, its successor or something else is not established here, and the resemblance of the names is not evidence.", "claim_ids": [ "C60", "C61" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The crossing", "text": "Not all of it is shops and repairs. In 1910 the paper reported that George Cooper was killed by a freight train at the Josephine City crossing and was buried in Milton Valley Cemetery. The report dates it \"Friday evening, April 20,\" but April 20, 1910 was a Wednesday, so the account is dated here to the month rather than the day.", "claim_ids": [ "C66" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What eighteen issues can and cannot show", "text": "Eighteen issues survive from a paper that ran at least twenty-eight years, and nine of the eighteen fall in 1924 and 1925. Nothing counted from that run measures how many groceries, boarding houses or congregations Josephine City had. It measures what one monthly paper printed, in the months that were filmed. Read it as a set of things that happened, not as a census.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Advertisements and notices, faithfully carried. One account qualified by its own date.", "explanation": "Every business on this page is established by an advertisement, which is evidence of what the advertiser said and not of what the business was. The house improvements are personals-column items: they establish that the paper reported the work, not who owned the property. One report, the death at the crossing, contradicts itself on the day of the week and is recorded as qualified for that reason rather than repaired into agreement. All of it comes from a single newspaper, so repeated appearances extend a span without corroborating it.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C62", "C63", "C64", "C66" ] } }, { "id": "before-clarke-opequon", "title": "Before the county: two land offices and a line at the Opequon", "subtitle": "How an undefined proprietary boundary produced two land offices with opposite terms, and what grew up on either side of the Opequon in the century before the county existed.", "category": "How this place came to be", "theme": "community", "duration": "9 min", "range_label": "1688 / 1750s / 1834", "summary": "A boundary nobody could locate produced two land offices with opposite instructions. What grew up behind them was a county with two halves, and a century later the people in the eastern half asked to be a county of their own.", "entity_ids": [ "county-formation", "carter-hall-millwood", "berryville", "millwood" ], "claim_ids": [ "C335", "C336", "C337", "C338", "C339", "C340", "C341", "C342", "C343", "C344", "C345", "C346", "C347", "C348" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A charter that could not say where two rivers began produced two land offices with opposite terms, and under the proprietary's terms the land east of the Opequon stayed largely unsettled. When it filled, it filled with quarters, and a century later the men in that half of the county asked for a county of their own.", "open_question": "What does Hofstra argue from, in the chapter where he makes the case for the 1836 division? Neither that chapter nor its notes was among the pages available here.", "next_step": "Read the chapter on the 1836 division and its notes, and pages 6, 7, 13 and 14, none of which were supplied.", "related_story": "battletown", "related_reason": "The name the 1834 writers used for the county they were proposing.", "exercise_id": "Q18", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "A boundary nobody could locate", "text": "The 1688 charter that created the Northern Neck proprietary gave its holder the land between the Potomac and the Rappahannock, running back to the first heads or springs of those two rivers. Hofstra's difficulty is stated plainly: \"the problem was that no one knew where these rivers headed.\" The colony, urged by Governor William Gooch, held that both rivers rose at the Blue Ridge. Robert Carter, acting for Lord Fairfax, held that the Potomac rose deep in the Appalachians. \"At stake were three and one-quarter million acres.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C335" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two land offices, opposite instructions", "text": "Neither side waited for the question to be settled. Both granted land, and they granted it on terms designed to do different things. The colony wanted the Valley filled quickly, as a buffer, and it granted to small farmers recruited out of Europe and the middle colonies on a condition: one family settled per thousand acres. Gooch and the Council gave Larkin and Thomas Chew 26,000 acres near the forks of the Shenandoah on June 13, 1728, and a further 240,000 acres inside three years. Carter granted for the opposite reason. On September 22, 1730 he gave more than 50,000 acres to his own sons and grandsons, and more than 11,000 to his son-in-law Mann Page the day after. Of those grants Hofstra writes that Carter \"imposed no settlement requirements on his heirs and made it easy for them to keep their land idle by rarely collecting quitrents.\" The result he states directly: \"In this way Gooch's policies worked to ensure that where the colony controlled the Valley it would be peopled rapidly by non-Virginians of diverse religious and national backgrounds.\" When the sixth Lord Fairfax arrived in 1734 he \"formalized the dual pattern of settlement Gooch and Carter had set up.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C336", "C337", "C338", "C339" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The line the land offices drew", "text": "Twenty years of that produced a visible edge, and Hofstra puts it at the Opequon. Writing of the early 1750s, when Fairfax opened his own land office in the Valley: \"little limestone land west of the Opequon remained to be settled. But to the east the land lay practically deserted.\" The reason is in the terms. West of the creek, land had been granted to people required to live on it. East of it, land had been granted to a family with no such requirement and no pressure to sell. Carter's 50,212 acres were divided among eight heirs in 1740, into tracts of between 3,528 and 8,365 acres; Mann Page's went to Ralph Wormeley in 1748. On his account the difference is not that nobody wanted the eastern land, but that the family holding it was never required to settle it. His word for it is \"deserted,\" and he uses it for how little of that land had been taken up and improved under the proprietary's terms. It is a statement about landholding, and neither he nor this page says that no one lived there.", "claim_ids": [ "C341", "C340" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What filled the eastern half", "text": "What eventually came east across the Opequon was not more small farms. It was the Tidewater, moving inland. Hofstra names the men: \"Robert Carter, John Page, Nathaniel Burwell, and Hugh Nelson all operated quarters in the Valley during the 1770s and 1780s.\" Through them, he writes, they introduced to east Frederick \"such Tidewater characteristics as tobacco, slavery, overseers, and large-scale commercial agriculture.\" A quarter, on his account, was about ten enslaved people, an overseer, and between five hundred and a thousand acres.\n\nThey built accordingly. Hofstra names five houses: Nathaniel Burwell’s Carter Hall, Robert Carter Burwell’s Long Branch, Matthew Page’s Annfield, John Page’s Pagebrook and Warner Washington’s Fairfield. Of Carter Hall he says it was \"a direct reference to the country houses of the English aristocracy,\" which is a claim about what the house was for as much as what it looked like. The same pages count what the houses stood on. Burwell held close to eight thousand acres and more than two hundred enslaved people; John Page nearly twenty-three hundred acres and fifty-three; Matthew Page nearly the same acreage and forty-three. For the other two owners the table gives no figure at all, and a blank is not a zero.\n\nBy 1789, when Old Chapel was reorganized as the Episcopal church, it \"came to dominate all religious life east of the Opequon.\" The institutional line had arrived at the same creek as the settlement line.", "claim_ids": [ "C342", "C348", "C343" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two words that are not in these pages", "text": "Clarke County writing has long described this difference as one between Tuckahoes and Cohees. Neither word appears anywhere on the thirteen pages held here. Hofstra's vocabulary is west Frederick and east Frederick, New Virginia and Old Virginia, Pennsylvania and Tidewater. The oldest contemporary use in these thirteen pages is James Kirke Paulding's, published in 1817 of an excursion the year before: the people west of the mountain \"call those east of the mountain Tuckahoes, and their country Old Virginia. They themselves are the Cohees, and their country New Virginia.\" Two things about that. Paulding draws his line at the Blue Ridge, not at the Opequon. And he adds, of the two words, \"The origin of these Indian phrases, I am not able to trace.\" A settlement line at the Opequon and a naming custom at the Blue Ridge are different things, and this page keeps them apart.", "claim_ids": [ "C344", "C341" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "1834, in the participants' own words", "text": "A petition to divide Frederick County was before the House of Delegates on December 30, 1833, presented by Mr. Gallaher. Three months later, on March 29, 1834, the Winchester Virginia Republican carried three signed pieces on the division on a single page, printed just before an election. One, signed OLD FREDERICK, counted the cost in representation: \"Lop off Battletown county and she must have one of our three delegates.\" In contemporary print, the county being proposed was Battletown. A second attacked a writer who had signed himself \"Cohee\" in the rival Virginian, and printed the word without explaining it. The third is the line worth stopping on. Arguing against division, its author declines to repeat \"the taunts of poverty thrown out against the inhabitants of this district by their wealthy brethren a[]long the Shenandoah.\" He will not repeat them, and in refusing he records that they were made. The Shenandoah bottomland is where the Burwell, Page and Nelson estates sat.", "claim_ids": [ "C345", "C346" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the sources reach, and what they do not", "text": "The people arguing in 1834 wrote about courthouse distance, roads, floods, representation, precedent, taxes and who would pay for the poor. Those are the reasons on the record, in their own hands, weeks before an election. Hofstra's account reaches past them: he writes that it was \"not simply an increase in population or just the proximity of the courthouse\" that prompted the petition, and attributes the movement to a divergence laid down a century earlier. That is a reading of causes, not a correction of the participants, and the two sit at different depths rather than in conflict. Every sentence in which he states it points forward to a chapter that was not available here, so what he argues from is a question this page leaves open.", "claim_ids": [ "C347" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "A settlement history drawn from one historian, set beside the printed arguments of the people who asked for the county.", "explanation": "The eighteenth-century account is Warren Hofstra's, in A Separate Place, and it is his reading of the land records rather than the records themselves: no deed, patent, rent roll or census page was inspected here, and the chapter in which he argues the 1836 division was not among the pages available. The 1834 material is different in kind, being the participants' own printed words in the Winchester Virginia Republican, read as uncorrected Library of Congress text. The two describe the same county from a century apart, and this page sets them beside each other rather than resolving one into the other.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C341", "C342", "C346", "C347" ] } }, { "id": "alec-cary-story", "title": "Alec Cary: a killing on the turnpike", "subtitle": "A killing on the road between Millwood and Berryville, reported a week later from what the inquest heard.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1869", "summary": "On a Wednesday night in September 1869 four people were walking the turnpike between Millwood and Berryville. The Clarke Courier named two of them. One of those two did not reach the end of the road. By the end of October the same paper had reported an indictment against the other, and an attempt to arrest him that failed.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "claim_ids": [ "C973", "C974", "C975", "C976", "C977", "C978", "C1026", "C1027", "C1028" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Three short newspaper items can put a road, an hour, two names and an indictment in print. None of them decides who was guilty, and none reports a trial.", "open_question": "Was Pinkey Blakely ever taken, and was the indictment against him ever tried?", "next_step": "The circuit court's own records from the October 1869 term onward, presumably Clarke County's, are the most direct place to look. An indictment would ordinarily leave an entry in the court's order book, and later entries could show whether the case was tried, continued or dropped. Records in Madison County, which the Courier gave as his former home, are another.", "related_story": "josephine-everyday-life", "related_reason": "Another account of Black life in Clarke in the decades after emancipation, built from what the record happens to preserve.", "exercise_id": "Q19", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Four on the turnpike." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A road, an hour, four people", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 6, 1869 gave it one word of heading: HOMICIDE. About eleven o'clock on the previous Wednesday night, the paper reported, Alec Cary was killed on the turnpike between Millwood and Berryville by Pinkey Blakely. The issue is itself dated a Wednesday, which puts the night at 29 September. Four people were walking together, Cary and Blakely in company with another man and a girl. The paper names two of the four.", "claim_ids": [ "C973", "C978" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the inquest heard", "text": "The Courier set out the circumstances \"as elicited at the inquest\". An altercation sprang up between the two men and became a scuffle, in which Cary, it reported, \"got somewhat the better of Pinkey\". Blakely then drew a knife, cut Cary on the arm and stabbed him in the chest. \"The wound proved fatal in a few moments.\" An inquest asks how a person died; it tries nobody, and the paper was reporting what it heard there rather than a finding of any court.", "claim_ids": [ "C974", "C975" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Blakely escaped", "text": "The paper states simply: \"Pinkey escaped.\" It also offers one explanation for the quarrel, and offers it at arm's length. The difficulty, it says, \"is thought to have been connected with the girl\". It does not say who thought so, and it does not name her. What the item leaves in print is a road, an hour and four people, two of them named.", "claim_ids": [ "C976", "C977" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A true bill", "text": "The Courier came back to the case on October 27, 1869, three weeks after its first report, with two short items on its third page. The first was a report of the circuit court, which had adjourned on the Saturday before after a session of two weeks. Among its business, the paper said, the grand jury had found a true bill against Pinkey for killing \"Elliott Cary\". A true bill is an indictment: a grand jury's finding that there is enough to put a person on trial. It is not an arrest, a trial or a verdict, and the report describes none of those.", "claim_ids": [ "C1026" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "No arrest", "text": "The second item ran under the heading NO ARREST. Constable Fryer, it said, had gone \"a few days ago\" to Madison County, Pinkey's former home, to arrest him, \"a report having reached here that he was there; but it turned out to be a false report.\" People in his old neighborhood, the paper added, had heard of the killing only a few days before the constable arrived. The item does not say where Pinkey was, or whether anyone went on looking. It is the last item on the case found in the Courier text searched for this follow-up, covering the issues held from October 13, 1869 through the end of 1880.", "claim_ids": [ "C1027" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Alec, or Elliott", "text": "Neither of the later items gives Pinkey a surname. The second ties him to this killing in its own words, as the man \"who killed Alec, (or Elliott) Cary\". That parenthesis is the paper's. Its first report called the dead man Alec, its court report called him Elliott, and the next item printed both and did not choose. This page keeps the name Alec, from the account of the night itself, and records Elliott as the other name the same paper gave him. These three items do not settle which name he went by.", "claim_ids": [ "C1028" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not name the other man or the girl; no account the project has found gives either name. It does not offer the supposed cause as a fact, because the paper did not. It does not treat the true bill as a verdict: an indictment says a case should be tried, and no report found says that it was. It identifies Constable Fryer only by the title and surname the item gives him. And it does not claim that nothing happened after October 1869. The project searched the text of every Courier issue it holds from October 13, 1869 through the end of 1880 and, through 1873, the passages it holds from other newspapers that mention Clarke. It found nothing more on the case. That search ran over machine-read text, which can garble a short item. A few weekly issues in those years are not held, and no court record has been consulted.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Three inspected newspaper items in two issues. A killing reported, an indictment reported, an arrest attempt that failed, two people never named, and no trial or outcome in any of them.", "explanation": "The killing itself rests on a single item in the Clarke Courier of October 6, 1869, page 3, read from the page image because the OCR of it is badly degraded. The item reports what an inquest heard, about a week after the night it describes. It names Alec Cary and Pinkey Blakely and leaves the other two walkers unnamed. Its one suggestion of a motive is expressly something \"thought\", with no source given. It ends with Blakely at liberty. Two items in the issue of October 27, 1869, page 3, also read from the page image, report a grand jury's true bill against \"Pinkey\" for killing \"Elliott Cary\", and a constable's unsuccessful trip to arrest him in Madison County. Neither gives Pinkey a surname, and the second calls the dead man \"Alec, (or Elliott) Cary\". No court record has been inspected. A search of the text of the Courier issues the project holds, through 1880, found nothing further on the case.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C973", "C975", "C976", "C1026" ] } }, { "id": "bank-remains-story", "title": "Human remains found at Berryville's bank site in 1881", "subtitle": "Human remains under a bank foundation in 1881, and a guess that grew firmer every time it was retold.", "category": "What used to be here", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1881 / 2006", "summary": "In the spring of 1881 workmen digging the foundation for the Bank of Clarke County's new building in Berryville came upon the bones of four or five people. The newspaper that reported it offered an explanation, and said plainly that its reason was that nobody knew. Later accounts kept the explanation and dropped the reason.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C979", "C980", "C981", "C982", "C983", "C984", "C985", "C986", "C987" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A newspaper can report what was dug up and, in the next sentence, guess at what it meant. The guess is the part that travels.", "open_question": "Does any record between 1881 and 2006 identify the remains, or say what became of them?", "next_step": "The bank's original minute books, Clarke County burial and church records for the decades before 1881, and the full text of Hudson's history with whatever apparatus it carries.", "related_story": "battletown", "related_reason": "Another Berryville story where a later account hardened into fact, and the earlier record turns out to say less than the retelling does.", "exercise_id": "Q20", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "What the diggers found." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Bones under the foundation", "text": "On a Monday in late May 1881, workmen were digging the foundation for the building the Bank of Clarke County was about to put up in Berryville. Two or three feet down, they came upon bones. The Clarke Courier reported the find in its June 2 issue, under the heading \"Human Relics Exhumed.\" The paper described the bones of some four or five human bodies, lying within two or three feet of the surface and bearing \"evidence of having been buried there a number of years,\" and said that no one then living in the town possessed any knowledge of the spot having been used as a burying ground.", "claim_ids": [ "C979", "C980" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the paper made of them", "text": "The Courier considered that the remains were Indian and rejected that attribution, on the grounds that nails had been found alongside the bones, which the paper took as showing the bodies had been coffined before burial. The nails supported that reading. They did not settle who had been buried, or when.", "claim_ids": [ "C981" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The sentence that went further", "text": "Its closing sentence went further than anything it had observed: \"It is probable that they are relics of some of the soldiers of the Revolution, as no one knows when they were placed there.\" The reason the paper offered for the attribution is that nobody knew.", "claim_ids": [ "C982" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Firmer in the retellings", "text": "The bank's own 125th-anniversary history, John Hudson's Since 1881, published in 2006 and readable page by page on the bank's website, retells the discovery closely from the Courier: the four or five bodies, the two or three feet, the nails, the coffins. Then, where the Courier had said a thing was probable because no one knew, Hudson writes: \"It was eventually determined that the bodies were probably relics of possible soldiers of the Revolutionary War period.\" Eventually determined by whom, and on what, the book does not say. A 2014 Clarke Monthly piece, drawing openly on Hudson, gives it another turn: \"It was later learned that the bones were probably remains of Revolutionary War soldiers.\" The passages inspected for this story supply no new evidence for the Revolutionary-soldier identification.", "claim_ids": [ "C984", "C986" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Construction continued", "text": "The Courier described the remains of four or five people, in what it took to be coffins. According to the paper, no one then living in town knew that the ground had been used for burials. Construction continued. The directors had resolved in February to erect a bank building \"with the modern conveniences,\" and appointed a committee to contract for it. In March the Courier reported the work \"will be begun as soon as the brick can be obtained.\" By the middle of September it was under roof, \"quite a large structure, and when finished will no doubt be an ornament to our town.\" By late November it was nearly complete.", "claim_ids": [ "C983" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What these accounts do not say", "text": "On the question most people would ask first, both accounts fall silent. Hudson's sentence is the plainest in his: \"There was no reference as to the relocation of the remains.\" Neither account tells us what happened to the remains. Nor do they agree on the day. Hudson dates the discovery to \"Monday, May 24, 1881,\" but that date fell on a Tuesday, and the Courier's \"on Monday\" in its issue of Thursday 2 June points instead to 30 May. Where the 2006 date comes from has not been established. Nothing here identifies the people who were buried, establishes when they were buried, or places the dig on any present-day parcel.", "claim_ids": [ "C985", "C987" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "One inspected newspaper item, five OCR notices, and two later accounts that retell the first.", "explanation": "The discovery rests on a single item in the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1881, page 3, read from the page image. The construction sequence around it rests on five short notices in the same paper, read as OCR and not image-checked. The two later accounts, the bank's own 2006 history and a 2014 magazine feature that credits it, are retellings of that first item rather than independent witnesses, and the pages inspected supply no new evidence for the Revolutionary-soldier identification. Nothing here identifies the remains, dates the burials, or records what became of them.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C979", "C982", "C984" ] } }, { "id": "locust-grove-story", "title": "Mary F. Lewis’s Civil War property claim", "subtitle": "A Clarke County claim for supplies taken in 1864, followed from petition to court to Congress.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1864 / 1891 / 1899", "summary": "In 1864, according to her later claim, Union forces took horses, livestock and grain from Mary F. Lewis's farm near Boyce. The record follows her claim to a court valuation and an 1899 appropriation. Whether the money was paid has not been found.", "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "boyce", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C988", "C989", "C990", "C991", "C992", "C993", "C994", "C995", "C996", "C997", "C998", "C999" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A claim, a valuation, an appropriation and a payment are four different things. The records examined here document the first three.", "open_question": "Did the Treasury pay the $1,002, and to whom?", "next_step": "Treasury settlement or warrant records under the act of March 3, 1899, and the Court of Claims file for Congressional Case No. 5328, might answer it. Their series, contents and availability have not been established.", "related_story": "alec-cary-story", "related_reason": "Another Clarke County story from the 1860s, told from what its record does and does not say. An editorial connection, not a personal one.", "exercise_id": "Q21", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "What the Army took, and what Congress allowed" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "What was taken", "text": "Between August and December 1864, according to her later claim, Union forces under Gen. Philip Sheridan took supplies and livestock from Mary F. Lewis's farm near Boyce. Her list named a saddle horse and a work horse, fourteen hogs, fifteen sheep, more than 750 bushels of corn, fifty bushels of wheat, eighty-five turkeys, seventy-five chickens and three barrels of family flour. She put the total at $1,925.", "claim_ids": [ "C990", "C991" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The family's telling", "text": "Her descendant Barry H. Lewis tells the same season from inside the house. Writing in Clarke Monthly in 2026, he passes on a family account in which Mary Frances stood on a rug at the doorway while soldiers searched the house, her nephews hidden beneath the floor. No record examined for this story confirms that scene. It survives as the family has handed it down.", "claim_ids": [ "C996" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "To Congress and the court", "text": "The paper trail begins more than twenty years later. In the summer of 1888, Representative O'Ferrall presented her petition to the House, asking that her claim be referred to the Court of Claims. The House Committee on War Claims sent it there on July 10, 1888, under a law of 1883 that let Congress ask the court to find the facts of old war claims.", "claim_ids": [ "C988", "C989" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Loyal, and valued lower", "text": "In November 1890, the court found that she \"was loyal to the Government of the United States throughout said war.\" A year later it turned to the value. In December 1891 it found that stores and supplies had been taken from her Clarke County farm in 1864 for the use of the Army, and set their reasonable value at $1,002, a little over half what she had claimed.", "claim_ids": [ "C992", "C993" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What Congress allowed", "text": "A finding was not a payment. The court reported to Congress, and Congress had to vote the money. On March 3, 1899, it passed an act allowing a long list of claims from across the South and border states. Midway down the Virginia list, between two claimants from Rockingham County, is one line: \"To Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County, one thousand and two dollars.\" Accepting it would end her claim for good.", "claim_ids": [ "C994" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "An open ending", "text": "The name, county, amount and route leave little doubt that this is the same claim. By then almost thirty-five years had passed since the horses were led away. Whether the Treasury paid the money, and to whom, has not been found.", "claim_ids": [ "C995" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two endings", "text": "The family remembers the ending differently. In Barry Lewis's telling, compensation of $1,925 was paid, and the family account connects it with a staircase and two bedrooms at Locust Grove, the stone and log house on Old Winchester Road that is now a contributing building in the Chapel Rural Historic District. The 1899 act appropriated $1,002. The federal records examined document that appropriation, but not its disbursement or its use for building work.", "claim_ids": [ "C997", "C998", "C999" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "It does not say the Treasury paid Mary F. Lewis: the 1899 act appropriated $1,002, and no payment record has been examined. It does not treat the family's $1,925 as the sum paid, or the appropriation as the source of the staircase and bedrooms. It does not treat September 20, 1888 as a verified filing date; that date is the family essay's. And the federal records do not name Locust Grove. The connection to the house rests on the family account, together with a matching name, place, total and list of losses.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Three federal records for the claim, the valuation and the appropriation; a family essay for the rest. No payment record.", "explanation": "The claim, the court's loyalty finding and its $1,002 valuation come from the Court of Claims findings printed for the House in 1892, and the 1888 petition from the Congressional Record, all read from page images. The $1,002 appropriation comes from the act of March 3, 1899, whose entry for her was read from the page image. An appropriation is not a payment, and no payment record has been examined. The scene at the doorway, the September 20, 1888 petition date, the $1,925 payment and the staircase and bedrooms are Barry H. Lewis's family account, printed in 2026. The federal records do not name Locust Grove.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C990", "C993", "C994", "C997" ] } }, { "id": "little-brothers-story", "title": "The Little brothers' 1873 killing and trials", "subtitle": "A killing inside one Clarke County family in 1873, followed through two years of trials.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1873 / 1875 / 1876", "summary": "In early July 1873, according to the Clarke Courier, two of the six Little brothers locked the dining-room door at their father's house and one of them shot a third. The record that follows is a newspaper record: two trials, an appeal, a witness who changed his account, and a pardon refused.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1000", "C1001", "C1002", "C1003", "C1004", "C1005", "C1006", "C1007", "C1008", "C1009", "C1010", "C1011", "C1012", "C1013", "C1268" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "An allegation, a verdict and a reversal are three different things, and this case produced all three within two years.", "open_question": "Why did the second jury fix five years where the first fixed fourteen?", "next_step": "The opinion’s own internal page markers (*619–*624) do not match the citation under which it is indexed, 25 Va. 921. A page image of the printed reporter volume would settle the exact print citation; none was located for this story.", "related_story": "bank-remains-story", "related_reason": "Another Berryville story that turns on what a newspaper did and did not report. An editorial connection, not a personal one.", "exercise_id": "Q22", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "The breakfast room at the Little place" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "The breakfast room", "text": "In early July 1873, according to the Clarke Courier's account, part of the Little family was at breakfast at their father's house in Clarke County when two of the six brothers came into the dining room, locked the door behind them, and put the key in a pocket.\n\nThe Courier's July 10 account gave little explanation for the violence. It said that, at the coroner's inquest, the family “was careful to divulge only that which was the immediate cause of his death.” A Baltimore Sun correspondent, writing from Winchester the day after the killing, reported words spoken in the room: that Oscar told his brother Clinton they had nothing against him and did not want him to interfere in what they were about to do. The Courier does not carry them, and said that little evidence established what was said before the shot. Both papers report that Lycurgus fired the shot that killed Clinton.", "claim_ids": [ "C1000", "C1003", "C1013" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A general fight", "text": "“A general fight ensued,” the Courier reported, “in which the mother received a wound in the thigh from a pistol ball, which shooting, it seems, was unintentional, she having endeavored to shield Clinton from the assault, and in doing so got between him and Lycurgus’ pistol.”\n\nColumbus and Gilbert took the revolvers away, and Oscar and Lycurgus ran for the barn, the paper said, “for the purpose, it is supposed, of getting horses to make their escape.” They did not get them. About a hundred yards from the house Gilbert, who had picked up a rifle, fired and hit Oscar in the leg. Oscar gave up, and Lycurgus, “not wishing to desert his brother, also surrendered.”", "claim_ids": [ "C1001", "C1002" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Confined in the county jail", "text": "“Oscar and Lycurgus are now confined in the county jail, awaiting trial,” the Courier finished. The paper gives no reason for holding them there, and none is supplied here.\n\nThat confinement was what put Berryville in the Richmond papers. When the Richmond Enquirer sent a correspondent to look the town over, it explained that the place was “brought into prominence at this time from being the place of confinement of the Little brothers, charged with fratricide.” That was the newspaper’s pre-trial description. The reported convictions were for murder in the second degree.", "claim_ids": [ "C1004", "C1005" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two years of trials", "text": "Lycurgus was convicted at Berryville in October 1873 before Judge Robert H. Turner — murder in the second degree, fourteen years in the penitentiary. Oscar’s trial was moved to Winchester, where a jury convicted him and fixed seven years. Then, in November 1874, the Court of Appeals reversed the decision below in Lycurgus’s case and it went back for retrial.\n\nThe Court of Appeals did not question the jury’s finding of guilt. It reversed because the trial judge had kept two things from the jury: Lycurgus’s own words to a witness moments after the shooting, offered as part of the immediate event, and evidence that would have let the defense challenge a Commonwealth witness, James F. Milton, Jr. — including an account of what Milton had told the grand jury, and a report that he had said he wished the brothers dead. On that ground alone the higher court sent the case back for a new trial. It said nothing about the length of any sentence, and nothing here explains why the second jury settled on five years.", "claim_ids": [ "C1006", "C1007", "C1008", "C1268" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A witness changes his account", "text": "At the second trial the Commonwealth called Gilbert Little, who now testified that the killing had been accidental. He had told the coroner’s inquest otherwise. He explained the difference by saying that the first statement was made under the influence of an opiate and that he was not in his right mind when he gave it.\n\nJudge Turner allowed the earlier statement in to impeach him, but expressly not for or against the prisoner. The jury convicted again on the same charge and cut the term to five years.", "claim_ids": [ "C1009", "C1010" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Pardons refused", "text": "In April 1876 the Courier reported, under the heading “Pardons Refused,” that Governor Kemper had declined to pardon either man, after referring the application to Judge Turner, who declined to join it.", "claim_ids": [ "C1011" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this record does not settle", "text": "Two plain facts are unsettled in the published accounts. The papers of that week disagree whether the killing was on July 5 or July 6, and they place the house differently — about seven miles from Winchester in one report, at White Post near Berryville in others. Neither is resolved here, and no deed, court file or inquest record was examined for this story. What follows the killing is a newspaper record of a criminal case, not the case file itself.", "claim_ids": [ "C1012" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Nine newspaper issues: eight of the Clarke Courier across four years, and one Alexandria Daily State Journal carrying a Baltimore Sun special. Four were read on the page image. One court opinion was also read in full text, though not on a page image, and no other court record was examined.", "explanation": "Four separate Courier issues were read on the page image, and each carries a different part of the story: July 10, 1873 for the killing, the wounding of the mother, the pursuit, the inquest and the confinement; April 8, 1875 for Gilbert Little’s changed testimony and the judge’s ruling on it; April 15, 1875 for the second verdict; and April 6, 1876 for the refusal of a pardon. Four further Courier issues — July 24, 1873, October 30, 1873, December 4, 1873 and November 12, 1874 — were read as text only, without a page image, and carry the Enquirer’s description, the two 1873 verdicts and the 1874 reversal. The words spoken in the room come from a ninth issue, the Alexandria Daily State Journal of July 7, 1873, reprinting a Baltimore Sun special, and are reported as that paper’s account; the Courier does not carry them. The Court of Appeals opinion reversing the first conviction, Little v. Commonwealth, was read as a full-text electronic edition, not a page image; its citation does not match its own internal pagination, which is unresolved. No inquest record or penitentiary register was consulted.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1000", "C1004", "C1009", "C1012" ] } }, { "id": "libby-reunion-story", "title": "A reported reunion after Libby Prison", "subtitle": "A scene the Clarke Courier printed in 1886, about a prison commissary and a man who got away.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1886 / 1861 / 1862", "summary": "In March 1886 the Clarke Courier printed a small scene under the heading “An Old Acquaintance”: an old man in a hotel, a stranger off a train, and an unpaid board bill that turns out to be an escape from Libby Prison. It is a good story, and parts of it do not sit easily with the records.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "berryville", "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1014", "C1015", "C1016", "C1017", "C1018", "C1019", "C1020", "C1021", "C1022", "C1023", "C1024", "C1025" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "An uncredited newspaper anecdote can be quoted exactly and still not tell you where it happened or whether the names in it are real.", "open_question": "Can prison or military records identify the men the Courier called Captain Jack Warner and Quartermaster Murphy?", "next_step": "The Libby Prison staff records and the New York Adjutant General’s regimental rosters would test the two names directly. Neither was consulted for this page.", "related_story": "little-brothers-story", "related_reason": "Another page built out of what one weekly newspaper printed, and what it does not settle. An editorial connection, not a personal one.", "exercise_id": "Q23", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "An old acquaintance" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "An old acquaintance", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 25, 1886 printed a small scene under the heading “An Old Acquaintance,” and it is built like a joke with a trapdoor underneath.\n\nAn old grey-haired man is sitting in “one of our hotels” when a stranger gets off a train, passes through the waiting room, and stops. “Pardon me,” the stranger says, “your face has a familiar look to me, yet I cannot place you.”", "claim_ids": [ "C1014", "C1020" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "You used to board with me", "text": "“Oh, no,” the old man answers, in the Courier’s telling. “I know you are not mistaken. I know you like a book.” He goes on: “You used to board with me.” And: “you left without paying your board, and you left in the night.”\n\nThe stranger reddens. He is furious, the Courier says, and intimates that only the grey hairs of his tormentor save him from violent treatment. The old man is enjoying himself immensely. “You did all these things and left your baggage behind you.”\n\n“See here, old man, who in —— are you any way, and where are you from?”\n\n“I am, sir, Captain Jack Warner, and you are Quartermaster Murphy, and you escaped from the prison at Libby while I was commissary of that institution.”\n\n“My God!” — and the stranger takes the hand of the old ex-rebel. “Are you, indeed, the old commissary? Well, you are right. I did board with you; and I gave you the slip, too.”", "claim_ids": [ "C1015", "C1016" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "How the slip was given", "text": "The Courier then explains how the slip was given. Murphy belonged to a New York regiment and was captured and sent to Libby. Prisoners who were practitioners of medicine were allowed to attend the sick in the prison hospital, with the freedom of the grounds, to go and come at will. One day a green sentry would not let them pass and was sharply reprimanded by Captain Gibbs, who told him that men wearing red ribbons on their coat lapel — the insignia of the doctors — should pass unmolested. Murphy overheard it. He had some red flannel in the inside of his vest; he tore off a strip, pinned it to his coat, watched his opportunity, got past the guard, and reached the Union lines in safety.\n\n“The meeting described herein,” the paper finishes, “is the first since those days when, as captor and captive, they dwelt within the walls of the famous southern prison.”", "claim_ids": [ "C1017", "C1018", "C1019" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Parts of it do not sit easily with the records", "text": "It is a good story, and parts of it do not sit easily with the records.\n\nThere was a Captain Gibbs in the Richmond prisons. The Richmond Dispatch of November 1861 described prisoners of war being consigned to the care of “Capt. Gibbs, the energetic officer commanding at the military prisons” — giving no first name or initial. But the same paper reported in January 1862 that Captain Gibbs had been promoted to Major and was going that morning to Salisbury, North Carolina, with the Richmond prisons to be kept as a receiving depot under another officer. The building owned by Libby and Sons did not become a prison until the following March. Castle Thunder, the other Richmond prison often confused with it, was commanded by Captain George W. Alexander — a point the Courier itself had printed back in 1871.\n\nAnd no Captain Jack Warner has yet been found among Libby’s commissaries in the accounts searched so far.", "claim_ids": [ "C1021", "C1022", "C1023", "C1024" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this record does not settle", "text": "None of that makes the reported hotel encounter untrue. A newspaper paragraph is not a muster roll, and misremembered ranks and names twenty-odd years on would be one explanation among several — a possibility, not a finding. But it means the story is best told as what the Courier printed in 1886, rather than as a verified account of the escape.\n\nFour things this page leaves open. Where the encounter happened: read on the page, the item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely — the item immediately after it is a New Mexico ranch anecdote — so “one of our hotels” does not establish Berryville, or Clarke County at all. Whether the anecdote’s Captain Gibbs is the officer of that name in the Richmond records: the Gibbs located there was in the city before the Libby building became a prison and left it in January 1862, which neither makes the connection nor rules it out. Whether a Captain Jack Warner was ever Libby’s commissary: only a handful of published accounts have been read, and no prison staff roster or muster record has been consulted. And Quartermaster Murphy, who has not been checked at all. The item gives no date for the escape, so its chronology cannot be tested against anything directly.", "claim_ids": [ "C1025" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Six sources. The 1886 Clarke Courier item that carries the whole anecdote was read on the page image. The other five bear only on whether its names and dates fit the record. No prison roster or muster record was consulted.", "explanation": "Everything quoted from the anecdote was read on the Library of Congress page image of the Courier of March 25, 1886, which corrects two OCR misreadings and restores the distinction between the doctors’ red ribbons and the red flannel Murphy is said to have substituted. That the item carries no credit line, and that a New Mexico ranch anecdote follows it, were read on the same image. The five other sources test the names and the chronology rather than the anecdote: two Richmond Dispatch items of November 1861 and January 1862, read as transcriptions published on civilwarrichmond.com and not as newspaper pages; a 1980 master’s thesis, read as the text layer of the scanned typescript, for the date the Libby building became a prison; and two Clarke Courier items of 1871 naming Castle Thunder’s commandant, read as the Chronicling America text layer with the OCR visibly garbled. No prison staff roster, muster record, regimental roster or War Department file was consulted, which is why Warner stays unresolved and Murphy unchecked.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1014", "C1016", "C1022", "C1025" ] } }, { "id": "parker-landing-story", "title": "The reported 1854 drowning near Parker's Landing", "subtitle": "Six men drowned in the Shenandoah in September 1854. Two newspapers named the people said to own or hire them, and named none of the six.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1854", "summary": "On a Sunday night in September 1854, six men drowned trying to cross the Shenandoah in a small boat. Two Richmond papers carried the news. Each listed the people the men were said to belong to or to have been hired from, and the lists do not agree. Neither gives the name of any of the six.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1029", "C1030", "C1031", "C1032", "C1033", "C1034" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The papers reported six deaths in the Shenandoah on the same date, but gave conflicting lists of the people said to own or hire the men. Neither gave the men's names.", "open_question": "Who were the six men who drowned near Parker's landing?", "next_step": "The Winchester Virginian's own issue, if a copy survives, may carry more than the reprint does. Records kept by or about the households named, such as tax lists, hire bonds and estate papers, are among the places the men's names might survive. They are not the only ones.", "related_story": "alec-cary-story", "related_reason": "Another death in Clarke known only from brief newspaper reports that leave key facts unsettled.", "exercise_id": "Q24", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Near Parker's landing." ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Sunday, the 3d", "text": "Six men drowned in the Shenandoah on the night of Sunday, September 3, 1854, on their way back from a groggery on the mountain. They had \"gone over, in the morning,\" one account said. \"Attempting to cross the river, on their return, in a small boat, they were all drowned.\" That account ran in the Richmond Daily Whig on September 16 under the heading \"Melancholy and Fatal Occurrence,\" credited to the Winchester Virginian, and it places the drowning \"near Parker's landing, in Clarke county.\" The Richmond Daily Dispatch had printed a shorter notice the day before, dating the drowning to \"the 3d inst.,\" the third of that month.", "claim_ids": [ "C1029", "C1033" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two lists", "text": "Both papers describe the six as enslaved, as men who \"belonged\" to someone or had been hired from someone, and both identify them only through those people. In the account the Whig credited to the Virginian, three of the men had been \"hired by Mr. Alfred Castleman, from Dr. E. Hoard and Dr. Fisher of Fauquier.\" Of the others, two \"belonged respectively\" to James W. and C. C. Larue, \"and the third to Miss Emily Bell.\" The Dispatch said that three \"belonged to Mr. James Larue,\" of Clarke County, two to Mrs. Elvira Fisher of Fauquier, and one to Dr. Enos Hood of Fauquier.", "claim_ids": [ "C1030", "C1031" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Where the lists part", "text": "Both lists include the surnames Larue and Fisher, but they divide the six men differently. The Virginian's doctors are E. Hoard and Fisher, while the Dispatch names Dr. Enos Hood and Mrs. Elvira Fisher. The Virginian gives the Larues one man each, and the Dispatch gives three to James Larue of Clarke. Only the Virginian mentions Alfred Castleman or Miss Emily Bell, and only it says that some of the men had been hired.", "claim_ids": [ "C1030", "C1031" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Subsequently recognized", "text": "The Dispatch's notice is shorter, but it says one thing the Virginian's does not: the six \"were subsequently recognized.\" It does not say what that involved: whether the bodies were recovered, where or when, or who recognized them.", "claim_ids": [ "C1032" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A supposition", "text": "The Virginian offered an explanation, and marked it as one. At the groggery, \"it is supposed, they became more or less intoxicated.\" It does not say who supposed it. Neither account mentions an inquest or any inquiry, and neither gives a name for any of the six.", "claim_ids": [ "C1034" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this account does not say", "text": "It does not name the six men; neither account inspected does. It places the drowning near Parker's landing, in Clarke County, because the Virginian's account, as the Whig reprinted it, says so. It does not say where Parker's landing was. It does not identify the place with any later crossing, and it does not place it from where anyone named in the lists lived. It treats neither list as a record of ownership, and does not settle which list is right, whether each man was owned or hired, or whether names that look alike belong to the same people. It does not treat drink as the cause; that was the paper's supposition. And it does not say when the Virginian first printed the story, or where the Dispatch's notice came from. The Whig's credit line shows where the Whig took its text; it does not date the Virginian's printing or trace the Dispatch's.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Two inspected newspaper items, printed in Richmond a day apart. Six deaths reported, the place given in one account only, two conflicting lists of owners and hirers, and no name for any of the six.", "explanation": "The fuller account is a reprint in the Richmond Daily Whig of September 16, 1854, page 2, credited to the Winchester Virginian and read from the page image. It gives the night, the place near Parker's landing in Clarke County, the groggery, the small boat, and one list of owners and a hirer. It marks its explanation, intoxication, as a supposition. The shorter notice is in the Richmond Daily Dispatch of September 15, 1854, page 1, also read from the page image. It gives a different list and says the six \"were subsequently recognized\". No issue of the Winchester Virginian has been inspected, and no record of ownership, hire or death.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1029", "C1030", "C1031", "C1032" ] } }, { "id": "sprint-bellview-story", "title": "Bellview and the Sprints", "subtitle": "A Millwood hotel, a phosphate business at Boyce, a farm west of Boyce left to Mamie R. Sprint for life, and her son Ashby's years in the apple trade.", "category": "Working Clarke", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1877 / 1902 / 1936", "summary": "In 1877 a turnpike company called its stockholders to meet at John Sprint's Hotel in Millwood, and by 1882 J. W. Sprint & Son was advertising phosphates at Boyce. A will B. F. Humston signed in 1902 provided the Bellview farm to his daughter, Mamie R. Sprint, for life; it was admitted to record in 1904. Her son J. Ashby Sprint acquired orchard property, exported apples and leased land under a packing house at White Post. The records trace Mamie's family and Ashby's trade, while leaving the hotel's John Sprint and the firm's partners incompletely identified.", "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "boyce", "bellview-farm", "mamie-r-sprint", "j-ashby-sprint", "white-post" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1035", "C1036", "C1037", "C1038", "C1039", "C1040", "C1041", "C1042", "C1043", "C1044", "C1045", "C1046", "C1047", "C1048", "C1049", "C1050", "C1051", "C1052", "C1053", "C1054", "C1055", "C1056" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Newspaper notices preserve the Sprint name at a Millwood hotel and a Boyce business. Other records trace Mamie R. Sprint's Bellview interest and her son Ashby's apple trade, without establishing a single business or property.", "open_question": "Was the farm sold at or after the offering announced for December 14, 1936, and to whom?", "next_step": "The Frederick County chancery file in Lucy Sprint Crim vs. J. Ashby Sprint et als, which the 1936 advertisement says was pending in that county's circuit court, would ordinarily name the parties and show whether and to whom the land was sold. It was not examined for this story.", "related_story": "blandy-working-landscape", "related_reason": "Another Clarke County farm and orchard, followed through what its records keep.", "exercise_id": "Q25", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "John Sprint's Hotel", "text": "On Monday, October 1, 1877, the stockholders of the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike Road were called to meet at 12 o'clock at \"John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood,\" to elect a president and directors; certificates would be issued to stockholders who had not yet received them. The notice names a venue but does not identify its John Sprint with the John W. Sprint whose obituary appeared forty years later. That obituary said he was born in Winchester in 1829 and \"moved to Millwood with his parents when he was quite young, and spent most of his life there.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1035", "C1036" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "J. W. Sprint & Son, Boyce", "text": "By September 1882 a firm signing itself \"J. W. Sprint & Son,\" of Boyce, was advertising phosphates \"tested by farmers in our immediate vicinity\" and announcing that it meant to make their handling \"a special branch of our business.\" The advertisement names neither partner in full. John W. Sprint died at his home in Boyce in October 1917, remembered by the Courier as \"one of the highly esteemed citizens of Boyce.\" His wife, the former Emily Shearer of Millwood, had died about five months earlier; he was survived by one son, J. Trone Sprint, a Boyce magistrate, and six daughters.", "claim_ids": [ "C1037", "C1036" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Mamie Humston and Thomas H. Sprint", "text": "A published abstract of the county marriage register records that Thomas H. Sprint, a 29-year-old merchant and the son of John W. and Emily Sprint, married Mamie Humston, daughter of Benj. F. and Fannie Humston, at Berryville on May 26, 1886. Their son Thomas Hatcher Sprint's obituary in 1944 named his parents as \"the former Miss Mamie Humston of Shenandoah county, and Thomas H. Sprint of Clarke county,\" and his surviving brothers and sister as J. Ashby Sprint of Winchester, Frank H. Sprint and Mrs. Lucy Sprint Crim.", "claim_ids": [ "C1038", "C1039" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Bellview farm", "text": "On April 30, 1902, B. F. Humston signed a will that gave \"my daughter Mamie R. Sprint\" the farm in Clarke County \"known as the Bellview farm.\" It had come to him, the will says, from Marshall McCormick, trustee, and adjoined the lands of Mrs. Julia A. Anderson and others. She was to hold it \"for and during the term of her natural life,\" with the rents and profits; at her death it was to pass to her children and to the descendants of any child who had died. The will was admitted to record on October 17, 1904, and the appraisers who valued Humston's personal estate that month listed wheat, hay, clover seed and corn under \"Bellview Place.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1040", "C1041", "C1042" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Ashby Sprint, apple exporter", "text": "Mamie's son J. Ashby Sprint worked in the apple business from Winchester. In 1925 he and George Peteley formed an apple-export partnership, \"Sprint and Petely.\" In July 1928 he and Harry C. Warden of Clarke took possession of Logan Shutt's property near Kabletown, in Jefferson County, West Virginia, reported as 600 acres, about 250 of them in apple orchard, with a packing house that, it was said, \"has often turned out 1,000 barrels of packed apples a day.\" The Courier reported the Petely partnership dissolved in April 1929, with Sprint keeping the firm's office, and that July a Winchester Star report it reprinted described him shipping the section's first car of summer apples for export, Early Transparents consigned to Connolly Shaw, Ltd., of Liverpool.", "claim_ids": [ "C1039", "C1043", "C1044", "C1045" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Cold storage, a receivership and a lease", "text": "In 1930 Ashby Sprint was vice-president of the Berkeley Springs Ice and Cold Storage Company, which the Courier said could hold 65,000 barrels. A Winchester Star report from Charles Town, dated December 24 and reprinted in the Courier on January 7, 1932, said four stockholders, Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. Warden and Mr. and Mrs. Ashby Sprint, had asked for a receiver for Blue Ridge Orchards, Incorporated; it listed $85,000 in liabilities and a 579-acre Kabletown tract, 285 acres in orchard, \"taken over by the Warden and Sprint group in 1928.\" In August 1933 two trustees advertised for sale, under a trust deed of May 2, 1931, an apple packing house 110 feet by 50 at White Post Station, standing on Norfolk and Western land \"leased to J. Ashby Sprint.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1046", "C1047", "C1048" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A packing house at Boyce", "text": "The Courier's report on the 1931 harvest listed Petley and Cather, of Winchester, operating a packing plant at White Post, and then, separately: \"The Sprint packing house at Boyce packed a large run from that neighborhood.\" The 1932 report again named the two apart, saying \"the Sprint packing house packed a large quantity from that neighborhood.\" Neither report says who ran the Sprint house or whose apples it packed.", "claim_ids": [ "C1049", "C1050" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The farm west of Boyce", "text": "In December 1927 the trustees in Charles Whirley's bankruptcy advertised his horses, hogs, implements and 75 barrels of corn for sale \"at the farm of Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint, near Boyce.\" The county's 1935 list of land delinquent for 1933 taxes carried \"Sprint, Mamie, Bellview, 300 acres,\" owing $98.75. In July 1936 a Frederick County court entered a decree in a suit brought by her daughter, Lucy Sprint Crim, against J. Ashby Sprint and others, and that October special commissioners advertised the farm as 306 acres \"about one-half mile West of Boyce,\" with a dwelling house, tenant house and large bank barn and \"about twenty-five (25) acres\" in bearing orchard.", "claim_ids": [ "C1051", "C1052", "C1053" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The last notices", "text": "In early December 1936 the Courier reported that the bid for the farm, $9,500, \"was too low,\" and that it would be offered a second time on December 14. The issues searched for the following months report no buyer. In February 1937 J. Ashby Sprint and Thomas H. Sprint, as administrators of \"the late Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint,\" advertised cows, sheep and corn for sale on \"the Sprint farm one mile west of Boyce on the Winchester Pike.\" Two years later Jas. C. Royston, \"Discontinuing Farming,\" advertised his horses, cattle, sheep and machinery for sale on \"The Sprint Farm 1 mile West of Boyce, Va. South of Route 50.\" His notice does not say whether he owned the land or rented it, but it still called the place the Sprint farm.", "claim_ids": [ "C1054", "C1055", "C1056" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "The hotel, the Boyce advertisement, the farm notices, Ashby Sprint's business and the harvest reports come from the Clarke Courier, read on Library of Congress page images. Two of the Ashby items are the Courier's reprints of Winchester Star reports. The will, its probate entry and the inventory are Clarke County Will Book 2B, pages 332 to 334 and 338, read on the Ancestry images of the county film. The 1886 marriage comes from Patricia B. Duncan's published abstract of the marriage register; the register page itself was not inspected.\n\nSeveral things remain open. The John Sprint of the 1877 notice is not identified beyond his name, and the \"Son\" of the 1882 firm is not named. The deed by which Humston acquired Bellview, the farm's exact boundaries, the shares of Mamie's children and the outcome of the 1936 sale have not been found. Descriptions of the farm are kept as each source gives them: 300 or 306 acres, half a mile or a mile west of Boyce. The Boyce packing house's operator is unidentified; attribution to Ashby Sprint is not established, and nothing here places the house on Bellview. His White Post lease is a lease of land under a packing house, not evidence that he operated that house or the Petley and Cather plant. Whirley's stock at the farm does not show that he rented or managed it. The searches that found no buyer and no farm role for Mamie's other children covered the held Clarke Courier and regional papers, not the Winchester papers or the court file. An earlier printing of the 1937 estate notice names different administrators, and the two printings call her \"Miss\" and \"Mrs.\"", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Humston's recorded will gives Mamie R. Sprint the Bellview farm for life. Courier notices place a Sprint packing house at Boyce and a leased packing-house site at White Post, but none names who ran the Boyce house, and the 1936 sale was advertised, not shown to be completed.", "explanation": "The devise rests on Will Book 2B itself; the 1936 advertisement recites the will and is not separate confirmation of it. The 1931 harvest report names the Sprint packing house at Boyce without an operator. The 1933 notice shows only that the land under the White Post packing house was leased to J. Ashby Sprint. No record here shows a buyer after the 1936 offerings.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1040", "C1049", "C1048", "C1053" ] } }, { "id": "berryville-basket-company-story", "title": "The basket factory by the tracks", "subtitle": "The Berryville Basket Company, 1921 to 1938: fruit containers made from gum logs beside the Norfolk & Western, and the people the Clarke Courier named.", "category": "Working Clarke", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1921-1938", "summary": "In 1921 a group of Berryville businessmen chartered a company to make fruit containers beside the Norfolk & Western tracks. The Clarke Courier followed it through a death on the log pile, a plant that turned gum logs into baskets for greens and apples, seasons of work and idleness, and its sale in 1938 to a New Jersey package man.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company", "berryville", "hugh-armel" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1095", "C1096", "C1097", "C1098", "C1099", "C1100", "C1101", "C1102", "C1103", "C1104", "C1105", "C1106", "C756" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Between 1921 and 1938 the Courier reported the Berryville Basket Company making containers for the county's fruit and greens beside the Norfolk & Western tracks. It recorded the plant in plans, head counts, a death on the log pile and a sale.", "open_question": "What became of the plant after Herbert M. Smalley bought it in 1938?", "next_step": "The Clarke County deed books from 1938 onward would show whether and how the factory property passed to Smalley. A January 1948 Courier item about a Chamber of Commerce discussion of the basket industry, known so far only from machine-read text, has not been examined.", "related_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "related_reason": "Another part of the county's fruit trade, traced through the Courier's notices of orchards and packing houses.", "exercise_id": "Q26", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Below the ice plant", "text": "In February 1921 the Clarke Courier announced Berryville's newest industry. The Berryville Basket Co., Inc., \"recently chartered by the State Corporation Commission for the manufacture of all kinds of fruit containers,\" had begun putting up its buildings on an acre-and-a-half lot below the ice plant, alongside the Norfolk & Western Railroad. The plan called for a main building 30 by 120 feet, a second of 30 by 60 and a drier, with another building of 30 by 120 to follow. The paper counted the factory as the twelfth enterprise doing business beside the tracks at Berryville, in company with a flour mill, a barrel factory, warehouses, coal and lumber yards, a creamery and the ice plant itself.", "claim_ids": [ "C1095", "C1098" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Containers for the fruit trade", "text": "The organizers had the orchards and berry fields around them in view. Apart from the apple trade, the paper said, about 60,000 baskets of berries and cherries had been shipped from along the Norfolk and Western within forty miles of Berryville the year before. The company meant to supply growers in this part of Virginia and West Virginia with baskets for peaches, cherries, huckleberries and raspberries, with barrels for apples, and probably with egg crates. Once the plant was complete it expected a maximum capacity of 3,600 baskets and wooden containers, a day by the headline's reckoning, and work for between 40 and 50 people. These were the plans of February 1921: none of the later reports read for this story shows barrels or egg crates being made, or says when the machinery was installed.", "claim_ids": [ "C1098", "C1097" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The men who organized it", "text": "Harry C. Warden, a director of the Bank of Clarke County and president of the Hyde County Land and Lumber Co., headed the new company. E. G. Coiner, proprietor of Coiner's Department Store, was its treasurer, and Capt. H. H. Burks, the Norfolk & Western's local agent, its secretary. With P. J. Keymel, S. S. Thomas and C. H. Phillips they would make up the board. Keymel, who had come to Berryville several years before and built the Battletown Fruit and Evaporating Company, was to manage the plant. The company's capital was set at a maximum of $25,000.", "claim_ids": [ "C1096" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The log pile", "text": "The logs arrived in freight cars, and a huge crane lifted them onto a pile; Taylor Knight ran the crane's engine. On the Thursday morning before the Courier of September 6, 1923, Hugh Armel, 23, a farmer's son from the White Post neighborhood who had taken work at the factory only a short time before, was on the pile when an end hook slipped and a log rolled down and crushed him against a freight car. The men who ran to help were too late. Work stopped for the rest of the day; many of the men, the paper said, \"felt they could do nothing more that day,\" and a number of the factory's employees attended his funeral together. He left a wife, a daughter of J. W. Butler of White Post, and a baby.", "claim_ids": [ "C1099", "C756" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "From gum log to basket", "text": "In May 1931 the Courier described how the plant worked. Its logs were gum, shipped from Southside Virginia. The crane lowered each log into a steam vat to loosen the bark. Peeled, the log turned against a knife that pared it into a thin sheet, and a conveyor carried the sheets under a drop knife that cut them into side slats. Saws made the hoops and the slats for the tops. Workers assembled the slats and bottoms by hand, and a machine shaped each basket and fastened its hoop. The plant then had, the paper said, a capacity of 600 dozen baskets a day, and it was making baskets for spinach, other greens and garden truck. Its president was H. C. Warden and its manager R. H. Grubbs.", "claim_ids": [ "C1101", "C1100" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Seasons of work", "text": "The Courier's reports show a plant that stopped and started. It reopened in the first week of May 1931 with about 50 people. In April 1934 it resumed with 35 to 40 after standing idle since the fall, at a stated capacity of 200 dozen baskets a day. In September 1935 the paper put the company's weekly payroll at between 60 and 70 men and women, and expected it to run the year round, with a possible slowdown in the winter months. In July 1938 it described a plant that had lately operated year after year, with short pauses in production each winter. These figures come from different kinds of report, and they do not make a single series.", "claim_ids": [ "C1100", "C1102", "C1103", "C1106" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A New Jersey buyer", "text": "In July 1938 Raymond A. Grubbs, the plant's manager, announced its sale to Herbert M. Smalley of Bridgeton, New Jersey. The price was not disclosed. Smalley, the paper said, had spent 21 years in the package business, the last eight as treasurer of the Jersey Package Company of Bridgeton, and had started out as a boy working in the plants. He said that for the present he would make only baskets, without changing how the plant was set up, with Grubbs as sales manager, and that new machines to raise its capacity were already on the way. By then, the report said, the factory's baskets had a name across the East and South, and apple growers favored them. Before the sale its officers were C. H. Phillips, president, E. G. Coiner, treasurer, and Grubbs, secretary.", "claim_ids": [ "C1104", "C1105", "C1106" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This account rests on six Clarke Courier reports of 1921, 1923, 1931, 1934, 1935 and 1938, each read on a Library of Congress scan of the printed page. They record what the paper printed, not independent counts, and the capacities and head counts they give measure different things. The sale is known from the manager's announcement; no deed was read. The paper prints the manager as R. H. Grubbs in 1931 and Raymond A. Grubbs in 1938, and one of the 1921 organizers as P. J. Keymel in 1921 and P. J. Kimmell in 1938; those forms are kept as printed. Apart from Hugh Armel, Taylor Knight and the plant's managers, the reports name no one who worked there. Nothing read here connects Smalley's purchase with the Smalley Package Company that a 1989 county survey lists as a Berryville maker of pallets.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Courier reports of 1921, 1923, 1931, 1934, 1935 and 1938 document the company's charter and plans, a fatal accident at the plant, its production process, its seasonal restarts and its announced sale. They do not show which of the 1921 products were made, or what the plant became after 1938.", "explanation": "Each report was read on a scan of the printed page. The 1921 capacity, products and workforce are plans at organization. The 1931, 1934 and 1935 figures are the paper's own statements at a reopening, a resumption and a harvest season, and they measure different things. The 1938 sale is the manager's announcement, with the price withheld and no deed read.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1095", "C1099", "C1103", "C1104" ] } }, { "id": "milton-valley-story", "title": "The ground they kept: Milton Valley Cemetery", "subtitle": "How Black families around Berryville bought, paid for, tended and honored a burial ground in Josephine City, from the 1870s to the 1940s.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1897 / 1926 / 1945", "summary": "In 1909 the Clarke Courier credited forty-one Black men and women with forming the Milton Valley Cemetery Company in 1879 and buying three acres for a burial ground. A 1910 advertisement signed for the company, and a 1926 Cemetery Board notice printed under its heading, show lots offered, a monument raised and a yearly dollar asked of every lot holder, while a committee raised money for a walk in the cemetery. Funeral notices show the dead brought home from Cairo and Detroit, and by the 1930s the cemetery had its own Memorial Day exercises.", "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "milton-valley-cemetery-company", "josephine-city", "berryville", "clarke-county-training-school", "galilean-fishermen-society", "peoples-journal", "clarke-courier", "gideons-tabernacle-no-14", "rose-of-sharon-juvenile-tabernacle-no-61" ], "claim_ids": [ "C394", "C1113", "C1107", "C1108", "C421", "C420", "C1172", "C1173", "C1109", "C393", "C1110", "C1111", "C1112", "C389", "C390", "C1174", "C387", "C386", "C1114", "C1115", "C1116", "C1118", "C1117", "C1119", "C1120", "C1121", "C1122", "C1123", "C303" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The company's own notices and the Courier's funeral and Memorial Day reports show a Black community buying, keeping and honoring its burial ground over decades, while the obelisk's list of founders and the deed behind the first purchase are still unread.", "open_question": "Which forty-one names does the 1909 obelisk carry, and are any of those original stockholders buried in the ground they bought?", "next_step": "The obelisk itself, the 2004 plat of the graves held by the Clarke County Historical Association and the Royston survey it accompanies may name the founders and the marked graves. None was examined for this story, and the deeds the Josephine City nomination cites have not been read.", "related_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "related_reason": "Another account of Black community life in Josephine City in the same decades, told through the county training school's records.", "exercise_id": "Q27", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "A walk in the cemetery", "text": "In the summer of 1926, two notices about Milton Valley Cemetery appeared in the People's Journal, the monthly newspaper of Berryville's Black community. One reminded every lot holder that a yearly assessment of one dollar was due. The other invited the community to a free entertainment at Fishermen Hall on Friday night, July 2. \"We appeal to you to help us in this worthy cause,\" it read, \"and very much needed Walk in the Cemetery.\"\n\nA path between the graves is a small thing to raise money for. By then, though, the people who kept this ground had been at that kind of work for decades.", "claim_ids": [ "C394", "C1113" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Forty-one stockholders", "text": "On June 30, 1909, the Clarke Courier announced \"a big gathering\" for Thursday, July 8. The occasion was the unveiling of a monument, costing about $200, \"to the memory of the original stockholders of the Milton Valley Cemetery.\"\n\nThe paper told how the ground began. \"Forty-one colored men and women\" had formed the Milton Valley Cemetery Company in 1879 and bought three acres \"from Mr. Engle.\" There, the paper said, they laid out \"the first burial ground for colored people in this section of the State.\" Only fourteen of the forty-one were still living. Guests were invited from Washington and elsewhere.\n\nThat is the paper's account, and it names none of the forty-one. Other records give another date. The National Register nomination for Josephine City cites the purchase to a deed of 1874, and dates the district's significance from a marked grave of that year. It describes an 1874 agreement for the sale, with the deed recorded only in 1880, and it names the seller as A. Moore, guardian of the Hebb heirs, not Mr. Engle. The deed itself has not been read for this story, so how the dates and the names fit together is still open.\n\nThe nomination also names one of the founders. It says the marble obelisk at the center of the cemetery, dedicated in 1909, carries the names of all forty-one original stockholders, with surnames on its base such as Laws, Robertson, Jackson, Page, Carter and Jenkins, and it names Thomas Page as one of the original stockholders. Neither the obelisk nor its list has been examined for this story.\n\nWithin a year of the planned unveiling, the company was advertising in the People's Journal. The cemetery, it said, would \"afford splendid opportunities for individuals and families to purchase sites for burials at reasonable terms.\" Across the middle of the notice, in the largest type it carried, stood two words: \"A MONUMENT.\" The company had erected \"a beautiful\" one, the text around them explained, \"in honor to the Stock-holders and their beloved dead.\" The notice closed with an appeal: \"Everybody help in this good work.\" It was signed by \"G. W. Lightfoot, Sec,\" of Berryville.\n\nA later record adds a name to the company's leadership. In 1924 the Courier's obituary of George William Lightfoot, for a number of years principal of the local Black public school, noted that \"his name also appeared among the directorate of the Milton Valley Cemetery Company.\" Whether he was the secretary who signed the 1910 notice is not settled by the records read for this story.", "claim_ids": [ "C1107", "C1108", "C421", "C420", "C1172", "C1173", "C1109", "C393", "C1110" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Keeping it up", "text": "The cemetery did not keep itself. In the same June 1910 issue, a line among the personals urged: \"The Milton Valley Cemetery ought to have their flower strewing when flowers are plentiful.\" The line suggests a custom of decorating the graves, and a wish to hold it when there were flowers to give.\n\nBy 1926 a Cemetery Board spoke for the ground. Its notice appeared under the heading \"Milton Valley Cemetery Company.\" It was signed by Mrs. M. C. Young as secretary, Joseph Lincoln as treasurer and H. Blackburn as president. The board said that under a law in effect since 1922, \"every lot holder is taxed $1.00 per year,\" and asked each one to pay. The appeal for the walk was signed by Hila Blackburn as president and M. C. Young as secretary. Its committee promised \"the delicacies of the Season … at reasonable price,\" with admission free.\n\nThe People's Journal shows how much of this community's work ran through its own organizations. In 1910 it printed resolutions mourning Sarah E. Mills from \"Gideon's Tab. No. 14,\" which remembered her as \"a member of the sick committee,\" and from a juvenile society, printed \"Rose of Sharn\" (Rose of Sharon) Juvenile Tab. No. 61. Her obituary on the same page said she was a member of the \"Gallean Fishermen Society,\" the Galilean Fishermen, which \"turned out in full Regalia and performed their whole duty,\" and that her remains were followed by a long procession \"to the Milton Valley Cemetery.\" The paper's directory listed the \"Gallean Fishermen,\" who met twice a month. Sixteen years later, the fundraiser for the walk was held at Fishermen Hall; nothing read here ties the hall to the society beyond its name.", "claim_ids": [ "C1111", "C394", "C1113", "C1112", "C389", "C390", "C1174", "C387", "C386" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Coming home", "text": "The newspapers do not give a burial register, but they show who was carried there and from where.\n\nIn May 1897, B. R. Blackburn published a card of thanks to \"the many friends, white and colored,\" who had helped during the illness of a daughter, Ellen C. Blackburn. She died at about 16. After a funeral at the F. B. Church, \"her remains were deposited in the Milton Valley Cemetery.\"\n\nFamilies who moved away often brought their dead back. In April 1917 the Courier reported that Helan Fields had died at the home of her son, Dr. William H. Fields, in Cairo, Illinois. It described her as an old and well-known woman who had lived nearly all her life in the community. Her remains were to be brought home \"for interment in Milton Valley Cemetery.\"\n\nIn February 1923 the paper reported the burial of Edward Jones, 26. He had served in the World War and been gassed at the front. He died in Detroit: he had caught the grip, and his lungs, weakened by gas, gave way to tuberculosis. His father, Isaac H. Jones, was then working in Detroit himself, and \"brought the body here.\"\n\nThe churches carried much of the rest. Funeral notices name the congregations and their ministers. In 1935, for Lewis Myers, Berryville's Black lodge of the Knights of Pythias took charge of the burial. He had been an active member.", "claim_ids": [ "C1114", "C1115", "C1116", "C1118", "C1117" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Honoring the dead", "text": "By the early 1930s the cemetery had a place in the county's Memorial Day. In 1931, the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion planned its service at Green Hill Cemetery. Afterward the Legion would go on to Milton Valley and lay flowers on the graves of the Black soldiers buried there.\n\nIn 1934 the Courier described separate exercises at Milton Valley, which it placed in Josephine City, much like those at Green Hill. The gathering opened with \"The Star-Spangled Banner.\" The Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal of the Clarke County Training School, offered the prayer. After \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic,\" Johnson gave the address. \"In Flanders Fields\" followed, with a reading by Willis Tryman. A firing squad gave its salute, and taps closed the service.\n\nJohnson's own life ran through this ground. The Courier's funeral notices name him again and again as the minister in charge, at St. Luke's Baptist Church and at other churches. When he died in November 1945, at 72, his obituary said he had been pastor of St. Luke's for nearly 25 years. It credited him with founding the county's Black training school in Josephine City and serving as its principal. At his death he was writing a history of Virginia's Black training schools for a second book, which he meant to call On My Way Up. He was buried at Milton Valley.", "claim_ids": [ "C1119", "C1120", "C1118", "C1121" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Later traces", "text": "The newspapers read for this story end in the 1940s. What comes after is a handful of separate traces, not a continuous record. The Clarke County Historical Association's catalog lists a Clarke Courier photograph described as Memorial Day services at the cemetery on May 30, 1991. It also lists a plat of the graves, made in the fall of 2004 to accompany Don and Mary Royston's volume on the cemeteries of Clarke County. Neither item has been examined for this account; they are known from their catalog descriptions. In March 2025, about thirty volunteers spent a Sunday afternoon cleaning the cemetery's headstones and clearing brush.", "claim_ids": [ "C1122", "C1123", "C303" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "The account of the company's formation and the planned unveiling is the Clarke Courier's, June 30, 1909, page 1: the 1879 date, the forty-one, the three acres \"from Mr. Engle\" and the \"first burial ground\" claim are the paper's. The deed the Josephine City nomination cites, Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154, and the related Deed Books N:361 and 18:506 have not been read, so the date and the seller stay unresolved. The nomination names the seller as A. Moore, guardian of the Hebb heirs (its two passages describe the heirs differently), and describes an 1874 agreement recorded as a deed in 1880. \"Mr. Engle\" is not identified, and the cemetery is not placed on the Milton Valley estate that shares its name. No report of the July 8, 1909 unveiling has been found; the 1910 advertisement says the monument had been erected. The obelisk's 1909 dedication, its forty-one names, the surnames on its base and Thomas Page's place among the stockholders come from the nomination (PDF pages 24, 32 and 34); the obelisk itself has not been examined.\n\nThe company's advertisement is in the People's Journal of June 1, 1910, page 2, right column, read on the page image with its signature. \"A MONUMENT\" is a display line in large capitals set between the body lines, not part of a sentence, so the story quotes the body text around it. The \"i\" of \"in\" in the closing line did not print; the quotation restores it. The flower-strewing line, the two resolutions and Sarah E. Mills's obituary are on the same page, and the directory on page 1. The page prints \"Gallean Fishermen\" and \"Rose of Sharn\" (also \"Rose of Sharm\"); the story keeps the printed forms and gives the standard names beside them. The obituary is dated May 21, 1910 at its foot, while the Rose of Sharn resolution gives her death as May 26, 1910, so the story does not date her death. The directorate comes from George William Lightfoot's obituary in the Courier of December 4, 1924, page 1. The 1910 notice is signed \"G. W. Lightfoot, Sec\"; nothing read joins the two beyond the name, so the story keeps them as separate records.\n\nThe Cemetery Board's notice is in the People's Journal of July 1, 1926, page 4, and reads $1.00 on the page image. The 1922 law it cites has not been identified; a 1922 digest of Virginia cemetery law does not show it. The notice's heading suggests the board spoke for the company, but no charter or minute confirms it. The appeal for the walk is on page 1 of the same issue. \"H. Blackburn\" of the board notice and \"Hila Blackburn\" of the walk appeal are not joined here, nor is the 1897 signer B. R. Blackburn.\n\nThe burials come from the Courier of May 19, 1897, page 3, the earliest use of the cemetery's name found; April 25, 1917, page 1; February 8, 1923, page 4; and February 7, 1935, page 1. The general statements about congregations and ministers rest on the Courier's funeral notices from 1897 to 1948, most of them read as machine text only. Memorial Day comes from the Courier of May 28, 1931 and May 31, 1934, both page 1, and Johnson's obituary from November 22, 1945, page 10. Items from 1929 onward are paraphrased rather than quoted. The school's history belongs to a separate account and is only summarized here.\n\nThe later traces are two Clarke County Historical Association catalog records, 2005.00023.291.C for the 1991 photograph and 427/2005-#3 for the 2004 grave plat, read as catalog descriptions only; neither the photograph nor the plat was seen. Separate attestations like these do not show that observance or care continued without a break. The 2025 cleanup is from Clarke Monthly, May 2025, page 10.\n\nSeveral questions stay open. The 2004 grave plat and the Royston survey may name marked graves. The full list of founders on the obelisk has not been read, and the 1922 law is not identified. Whether the 1909 unveiling took place as announced, and whether the 1926 walk was built, has not been found. The deed books named above have not been read.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "The 1909 Courier's account of forty-one founders in 1879, the company's 1910 advertisement and the 1926 board notice, read on the page images, show a Black-run cemetery company with stockholders, a monument and a yearly $1.00 charge on lot holders. Courier notices from 1897 to 1945 record burials there, including people brought home from Illinois and Detroit.", "explanation": "The founding year and seller are the paper's: the Josephine City nomination describes an 1874 agreement recorded in 1880 with A. Moore as seller, and neither account has been checked against the unread deed. The paper names none of the forty-one; the nomination names Thomas Page among them and describes the obelisk's list, which was not examined. The board is tied to the company only by the heading its notice was printed under. The 1910 secretary and the 1924 director share a name but are not joined. The later photograph and grave plat are known from catalog descriptions only.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1108", "C394", "C1116", "C1120" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "title": "Clarke County Training School: a dollar a year", "subtitle": "How Black families in Clarke County built, paid for and filled the Clarke County Training School, 1930–1940", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1930 / 1936 / 1940", "summary": "In 1930 Black families in Clarke County dug the foundation of a new building for the Clarke County Training School and pledged $500 a year toward it. Through the 1930s the Clarke Courier followed the school as its League raised money for a bus, its judging teams won honors, and its pageants, games and commencements drew the community in. In 1939 the League was still asking each subscriber for a dollar a year.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city", "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1124", "C1125", "C1127", "C1126", "C1128", "C1129", "C1130", "C1131", "C1133", "C1064", "C1134", "C1132", "C1135", "C1136", "C1137", "C1138", "C1139", "C1140", "C1141", "C1142", "C1143", "C1075", "C1144", "C1145", "C1146", "C1147", "C1148", "C1149", "C1150", "C1151", "C1204", "C1208", "C1215" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Courier's notices show a school its patrons built and kept going: they dug the 1930 foundation themselves, pledged $500 a year, reported their own bus paid for before the county proposed one, and were still asking for a dollar a year in 1939.", "open_question": "What do the school board's accounts show about the patrons' annual $500 obligation and when, if ever, the building debt was discharged?", "next_step": "The Courier for the autumn of 1930 may report the dedication, and the county School Board's minutes, if they can be reached, the payments on the bonds. The Virginia Board of Education's reports on the Internet Archive may give the school's enrollment and accreditation, and the New Farmers of America's convention proceedings could confirm the 1936 result.", "related_story": "milton-valley-story", "related_reason": "Another Josephine City institution that Black families around Berryville paid for a dollar at a time; the two accounts share a neighborhood and a way of raising money, not any person or organization.", "exercise_id": "Q28", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "A dollar a year" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A note to the bond subscribers", "text": "In May 1939 the Clarke Courier carried an urgent note to the Training School's bond subscribers. The school year before, it said, nearly every Black resident of Clarke County had signed a card promising a dollar a year. The League usually paid its $500 bond allotment on or about the first of June, and this year subscribers were asked to bring their dollars to the big annual rally on June 1, to a booth in the school auditorium, where each would get a receipt. The note was signed by E. T. Johnson, president of the League. It was through organization, he reminded his readers, that they had a roomy building with good facilities, and a bus for their children.", "claim_ids": [ "C1124" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Digging the foundation", "text": "The building was nine years old. In April 1930 the county School Board awarded the contract for a new school for Black students, to be used by the Clarke County Training School, to Kelley and Kelley of Bluemont. The plan was cinder block faced with brick, with an auditorium and four classrooms. Two more rooms could be closed off from the auditorium with folding doors, and vocational agriculture was to be a feature of the teaching. The price was $17,350. The contract deducted $407 for a simpler heating plant, and 50 cents for every cubic yard of excavation the school's patrons would dig themselves.\n\nThey dug it. Superintendent A. F. Robertson turned the first shovel on April 17, with the principal, the vocational teacher Morgan Edwards and some of the pupils beside him. That week Black residents held digging bees. By the middle of May the Courier reported the foundation finished, dug by the patrons at a cost of a little over $300. White neighbors helped with cash and with trucks to haul the dirt. The principal, printed that spring both as E. T. Johnson and as E. T. Johnston, had written a verse for the work, and in May he quoted its best line back in the paper: \"impatient dirt must fly.\"\n\nThe digging was the first of two promises. The second, the April report said, was more binding: it was backed by bonds of $8,000. The patrons also pledged to raise $500 every year toward the building. A thousand \"My Dollar Fund Rally\" envelopes went out to Black families across the county. A dollar, the principal wrote, would put the giver's name on the cornerstone record.\n\nThe cornerstone went in on Friday, June 6, 1930, in the rain. A parade set off ahead of schedule, led by the Charles Town band and the Odd Fellows of Millwood, with the schools and communities marching in alphabetical order: Berryville, Boyce, Bristoe, Louisville, Millwood, Stone Bridge and White Post. It went down Liberty Street and up Main, then out Church Street into Josephine City, where the speeches were made between showers. After three attempts the stone was set in the northeast corner of the Clarke County Training School. The pageant that day brought in more than $500. The principal still needed $100 before a dedication planned for September: the agriculture hall was unfinished, the playground unfenced, and there was no play equipment at all.", "claim_ids": [ "C1125", "C1127", "C1126", "C1128", "C1129", "C1130", "C1131" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the building cost", "text": "Two records from outside the county add to the picture. The first is the Julius Rosenwald Fund's card for a \"Berryville School\" in Clarke County. It describes a six-teacher building on five acres, built under the 1930–31 budget, at a total cost of $20,900. Of that, $1,700 came from Black residents, $15,300 from public funds and $3,900 from the Fund. The card does not name the Training School, but it probably describes it: the principal had promised a six-teacher school with an auditorium, and the dates match. The same $1,700 is the sum the Courier reported in 1928 that the county's Black residents had raised toward a proposed school. The card's total, the contract price and the $8,000 in bonds measure different things, and nothing in these records reconciles them.\n\nThe second is the John F. Slater Fund's list of county training schools for 1929–30. The Slater Fund supported county training schools across the South. Its list names Clarke's, at Berryville, with E. T. Johnson as principal, in its second year on the list.\n\nNine years later, the League's 1939 appeal for its annual $500 payment reads like that same annual pledge still being kept, although the paper never says so in as many words.", "claim_ids": [ "C1133", "C1064", "C1125", "C1126", "C1134", "C1132", "C1124" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A bus of their own", "text": "Getting children to the school took a second campaign. In April 1936 a Sunday program by men of the Civilian Conservation Corps from Camp George Washington was announced for April 19 at the school, for the bus fund, with a silver offering. That June the School Improvement League called its annual meeting to account for every dollar and where it came from, and announced that the bus had been paid for. In 1937 the principal said the League had kept a bus running, largely on private donations, money from its entertainments and help from the School Board.\n\nIn 1938 the county proposed a bus of its own. That spring's budget asked for a five-cent rise in the school levy, partly to add a bus for Black schoolchildren and to run and maintain it. In September the county's published bus routes included a Bus No. 3 for Black students, driven by Thomas Jackson. It left the railroad crossing near Stone Bridge at 7:30 in the morning, dropped the younger children at the White Post, Boyce and Millwood schools for Black students, and finished at the Clarke County Training School.", "claim_ids": [ "C1135", "C1136", "C1137", "C1138", "C1139" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Judging teams", "text": "The school's agriculture students were its champions. In the spring of 1936 its judging team came home from the state rally at Petersburg with a silver loving cup for first place. Harry C. Kelly was the best individual judge of hens. Robert C. Williams placed third on hogs; he had been second-best in the state the year before, and had won first in white potatoes on Virginia's team at the national meeting at Tuskegee. Edward L. Lewis completed the team.\n\nThat summer the three went to Hampton for the national convention of the New Farmers of America, under the direction of M. J. Edwards, with William T. Mason as alternate. Sixteen states took part, and Clarke's team finished fifth in all classes judged. Lewis was the top individual judge of laying hens, and Williams placed fifth on dairy cows.\n\nThe farm boys played basketball too. In February 1937 the school's agricultural team beat Harrisonburg, 17 to 12.", "claim_ids": [ "C1140", "C1141", "C1142" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Classrooms on show", "text": "The school's public days showed off what its classrooms were doing. In May 1936, the county's centennial year, the school announced a pageant of its own, \"The Negro in Clarke County, 100 Years\", for May 21 on the school grounds. It was to grow out of classroom study arranged under seven topics, from production and transportation to religion, education and the extension of freedom. The elementary grades took six topics, and the high school took the finale, \"The Oracle of Time\", which imagined the next hundred years. Industrial exhibits would fill the vocational building, and antiques the main building. This was the school's own program, separate from the county's July celebration.\n\nIn February 1938 the home economics department announced an art exhibit for the auditorium. It paired a traveling loan collection from the art department of the Virginia State College for Negroes with work from the county's own schools, in fine, domestic and industrial art.", "claim_ids": [ "C1143", "C1075", "C1144" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Games and a gym", "text": "For twelve years, the principal said in 1937, the county's schools for Black children had held a field day or a pageant every year to raise money and build interest. That year's field day promised relay, potato and sack races, pole vaulting, basketball and baseball, and a social at night.\n\nBy December 1938 the school fielded both girls' and boys' basketball teams. They opened the season by beating Leesburg High School, 15 to 8 and 49 to 29. In May 1939 the school's Athletic Association boasted of a splendid gym, and invited schools and communities to a \"miniature olympic\" on June 1, the same day as the League's bond rally.", "claim_ids": [ "C1145", "C1146", "C1147", "C1124" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Graduations", "text": "Commencement was a public accounting, too. The 1936 ceremony was announced with Arthur D. Wright, president of the Slater Fund, printed as the \"John A. Slater Fund\", as speaker, and friends who had pledged money to the school were asked to turn it in at the exercises. In 1937 nine students graduated. The Negro National Anthem was sung, the graduates heard an address by A. G. Richardson, of what the paper called the State Department in Richmond, and they received their diplomas from Archie F. Robertson.\n\nIn 1940 twelve seniors finished, and the program sounded like a report to the people who had paid for the school. Fannie J. Paige spoke on what the school tried to do, and Sophia J. Holmes on the school yesterday and today. Lucille Jackson and Elizabeth Smith spoke on what the school had meant to them, academically and vocationally, and Esten Thornton on what the community expected of the school.\n\nThat August the county School Board kept the lunch projects going at the Training School, and added new ones at the Millwood and White Post schools for Black children.\n\nTen years after the digging bees, the school the patrons had dug for sent out twelve graduates. The year before, its League had still been asking for a dollar at a time each June.", "claim_ids": [ "C1148", "C1149", "C1150", "C1151", "C1126", "C1124", "C1132" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What happened next", "text": "The Courier's report of the dedication and its debts continues in {{story:clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story}}, which follows the patrons' report of the ceremony, the unpaid chairs and the fundraising that continued afterward. The final discharge of the building debt remains unresolved.", "claim_ids": [ "C1204", "C1208", "C1215" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "The account rests on the Clarke Courier, 1930–1940, read on the Library of Congress's page images, and on two outside records: the Julius Rosenwald Fund's card for a \"Berryville School\", in Fisk University's Rosenwald Fund Collection, and the John F. Slater Fund's Proceedings and Reports for 1929–30.\n\nNo report of how four announced events went was found in the following issues of the Courier: the May 1936 pageant, the 1937 field day, the 1938 art exhibit, and the June 1939 rally and miniature olympic. They are described as announced.\n\nThe Rosenwald card's identification with the Training School is a strong probability, not a certainty. The contract price, the card's total, the $8,000 in bonds and the yearly $500 are separate measures and are not added together; the link between the 1930 pledge and the 1939 appeal rests on the League's own notices. The 1938 budget item was a proposal, and the September route list does not say that its Bus No. 3 is the bus the budget described.\n\nNames are given as printed. The principal appears as both E. T. Johnson and E. T. Johnston, and the superintendent as A. F. Robertson, and in the Slater list as A. F. Robinson. The 1930 vocational teacher, Morgan Edwards, and the 1936 team's director, M. J. Edwards, are not identified as the same man here.\n\nNot read for this account: the county School Board's minutes, the League's own accounts, the Virginia Board of Education's reports for these years, the Slater Fund's lists after 1930 and the New Farmers of America's convention records. Every source item used here is shown from its page image or record, with a link to the original.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier reports of 1930 document the contract, the patrons' digging and the cornerstone, and the Courier of 1936 to 1940 records the League's bus, the judging teams, announced pageants and games, and three commencements. A Rosenwald Fund card and a Slater Fund list add outside records of the building and the school.", "explanation": "Each Courier item was read on a scan of the printed page, and the two outside records on the collections' own page images. Several events are announcements with no report found afterward. The Rosenwald card probably, not certainly, describes the Training School building, and the contract price, the card's total, the bonds and the yearly pledge are separate measures that are never added together.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1125", "C1127", "C1130", "C1124" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "title": "Clarke's home front: watching the sky and making do", "subtitle": "Clarke's home front, 1941 to 1944: aircraft spotters, a tire board and schoolhouse ration offices, as the Clarke Courier reported them.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1941 / 1942 / 1944", "summary": "In June 1941, six months before Pearl Harbor, the Clarke Courier reported volunteers organizing aircraft observation posts across the county. Over the next two years it recorded tire and gasoline rationing reshaping that watch, schoolhouses serving as registration offices for sugar and gasoline, neighbors building and dedicating posts of their own, and the posts' closing by War Department order in July 1943.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville", "boyce", "white-post", "main-street-berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1152", "C1154", "C1169", "C1158", "C1160", "C1161", "C1155", "C1156", "C1157", "C1159", "C1164", "C1162", "C1153", "C1163", "C1165", "C1166", "C1167", "C1168", "C1170", "C1228", "C1171" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "As the Courier reported it, Clarke's home front was volunteer work under rationing: posts kept staffed around the clock, a board deciding who could have a tire, and schoolhouses turned into registration offices.", "open_question": "Who bought the Boyce air spotter station, which the Courier reported in August 1945 had sold for $71 at public auction, and does any log book from a Clarke observation post survive?", "next_step": "The Courier's December 18, 1941 report on the first posts and its October 1, 1942 report on the Berryville post's upkeep could not be retrieved and remain to be read. The Library of Virginia's Clarke County local records could be checked for a surviving observation-post log.", "related_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "related_reason": "The same county's home front from 1943 to the war's end, told through the Courier's weekly \"Dear Dan\" letter, the 1944 harvest and one family's four sons.", "exercise_id": "Q29", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [ "Watching the sky and making do" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "A call to Baltimore", "text": "The Clarke Courier told this one for laughs. According to its \"Courier Chatter\" column of August 6, 1942, Mrs. Eddy Joyce and Mrs. Gordon Levi took their first watch at the aircraft spotter post on Rosemont Circle in Berryville that Monday morning. They had been told to call \"Red Flash\" into the telephone when they saw a plane. When one passed, they called. When a second passed a few minutes later, they called again. In the Army's language, the column explained, the signal meant bombs were falling or parachute troops were landing. The interceptor command in Baltimore rang back to ask whether Berryville was being bombed. Once the signals were straightened out, the paper reported, the two women called in \"Army Flash\" instead. The mix-up made a good local column because the work behind it was serious and ordinary at once. For two years, Clarke residents kept telephones staffed to report the airplanes that crossed the county. Meanwhile a county board decided who could buy a tire, and teachers turned schoolhouses into registration offices for sugar and gasoline.", "claim_ids": [ "C1152", "C1154", "C1169", "C1158", "C1160", "C1161" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Before Pearl Harbor", "text": "The watch began six months before the United States entered the war. On June 12, 1941, the Courier reported that H. B. Harris and Townsend Burwell were forming a Clarke County station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service. Harris was commander of the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion. They asked for volunteers for eight posts. The paper laid out the plan. Unpaid volunteers across Virginia would watch for hostile aircraft and report to Roanoke or Richmond, and from there the report would go on to Norfolk. Each post would have a chief observer, who would name about fifteen observers from its own neighborhood. Looking back in 1943, the paper said the service had started with about nine posts at points around the county. Other defense work drew volunteers of its own. By the last days of December 1941, about 275 people had registered at the Court House to offer 347 kinds of help. The registrar reported about 75 more not yet counted. The list printed in the Courier ran from 56 auto drivers and 26 canteen workers to 15 air raid wardens, 14 messengers, 11 typists and 3 knitters. Only four listed airplane spotting; the posts found their observers through their own chief observers.", "claim_ids": [ "C1154", "C1155", "C1156", "C1157" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A tire at a time", "text": "By January 1942 the Courier was reporting the decisions of the county's tire rationing board. Its account of the January 19 meeting reads like a ledger of scarcity. Two mail carriers got a tire each, and one of them a tube. An ice and cold-storage business got two truck tires of the four it had asked for. One request for a tire and tube was denied. Rationing soon reshaped the sky watch itself. In late April 1942, a meeting that Harris called in Berryville discussed closing all the posts and concentrating the service at three points: Berryville, Boyce and White Post. The paper gave two reasons: tire and gasoline rationing, and the need to keep the posts manned 24 hours a day. The Rev. E. D. Vaughan, pastor of the Berryville Presbyterian Church, was named chief observer in Berryville. W. D. Burtner was appointed at Boyce, and A. Mackay Smith was suggested for White Post. The paper called the plan preliminary. The shortage reached doorsteps. In September 1942 a Berryville milk dealer, M. W. Jones, Jr., ran a notice in the Courier: unable to get tires for his delivery truck, he would stop delivering milk after September 30. He thanked his customers for their loyalty over the years he had served them.", "claim_ids": [ "C1158", "C1159", "C1164" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The schools become ration offices", "text": "In May the schools took on a new job. Registration for sugar ration books opened at the schools on Monday, May 4, 1942, and closed that Thursday. By Tuesday, 3,726 people had registered: 1,428 on the first day and 2,308 on the second, as the paper printed the figures. Those two days actually add up to ten more than the printed total. The official who compiled the count expected 6,800 or 6,900 people to register in the county. At Berryville, the principal, D. G. Cooley, announced an extra evening session for the last day. The next week it was gasoline. Hundreds of motorists came to the schoolhouses, where teachers questioned them before issuing cards. The schools were Berryville High School, Boyce High School, Providence Chapel, White Post, Gaylord and the Millwood Colored School. Of the 1,255 car owners who signed up, 431 received the basic A card, and 49 received the X card, which allowed unlimited fuel. The first weekend under rationing changed little. The paper reported that Clarke's motorists kept up their custom of a Sunday afternoon drive, and that the swollen Shenandoah River drew sightseers. The next week was different. Main Street in Berryville was almost empty of cars for three days, and the Courier passed along one resident's remark that rationing had solved the town's parking problem. By early August, the same column that told the \"Red Flash\" story reported, the local board had handled about 250 applications for supplementary gasoline coupons. Rationing reached ceremonies too. In late May the W. T. B. Williams Training School, as the paper named it, announced that there would be no baccalaureate sermon that year, because of gasoline rationing and the need to save rubber. Commencement was instead to include the unveiling of a photograph of Dr. W. T. B. Williams, with his sister drawing the veil.", "claim_ids": [ "C1160", "C1161", "C1162", "C1153", "C1163" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Around the clock", "text": "Keeping a post manned day and night took a steady supply of volunteers. In late September 1942 the Berryville post announced that from October 1 it would move from four-hour watches to three-hour watches. The change needed 28 more observers, and 21 more were wanted for hours that were already vacant or would be once school began: about 50 in all. The paper described how the new schedule would work. The shifts would start at 8 in the morning and run around the clock. Women would take the daylight watches and men the night hours, with two observers on duty at once and an assistant chief observer in charge of each day of the week. Volunteers were asked to give three hours a week and to call the chief observer, E. D. Vaughan, or the assistant for the day they wanted. Every observer would get an identification card; an arm band came after 25 hours of service.", "claim_ids": [ "C1165" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Posts that neighbors built", "text": "Concentrating the watch also meant building for it. In late August 1942, White Post's spotters voted to put up a post of their own. Their model was the post at Brucetown: an elevated building about sixteen feet in the air, topped by an eight-foot room enclosed in glass with a walkway around it. The chief observer, A. Mackay Smith, hoped to raise $140 for the materials and furnishings. The land was donated, and the labor was to be donated too. At Boyce, the post was dedicated on a Sunday in late November 1942 at the Parish House. George H. Burwell called it \"the material expression of a watchful public spirited community.\" John Zombro, the post's chief air spotter, thanked the contributors and said their work was only beginning. Women's clubs did the same kind of work for war bonds. Through November 1942 the Junior Woman's Club ran bond-selling booths in Berryville stores every Saturday. The paper credited the club with $6,000 or more of the county's $26,000 monthly bond quota.", "claim_ids": [ "C1166", "C1167", "C1168" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Stood down", "text": "In July 1943 the War Department closed Clarke's three posts at midnight. It announced that \"the danger of a large scale sustained attack from the air in this section has passed.\" The Courier reported the closing on July 22 and named the three chief observers: A. Mackay Smith at White Post, John E. Zombro at Boyce and the Rev. Henry G. Lane at Berryville. The posts were told to keep their organizations ready to return on short notice. Observers were asked to report their hours so the War Department could send them souvenirs. The Boyce station outlived its watch. By November 1944 it was advertised for sale at auction, for cash, in a notice signed by John E. Zombro as chief observer. It was a building about twelve feet square, with much good timber and window sash, and an automatic oil stove that had served well in all kinds of weather. The observers were invited to say how the money from the sale should be spent. Nine months later, in its August 2, 1945 report on the sale of the White Post observation post, the Courier noted in passing that a similar building at Boyce had \"sold for $71 at public auction.\" That is the paper's report of the outcome, not a record of the sale itself: it does not say when the auction was held, who bought the building or what became of it.", "claim_ids": [ "C1169", "C1170", "C1228" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "The story rests on the Clarke Courier (Berryville), 1941–1944, read on Library of Congress page images (Chronicling America), which are digital reproductions. Every figure, name and quotation above was read on the page image. The \"Red Flash\" episode is the Courier column's own account; this research found no second source for it. The sugar figures are given as printed, including the ten-person difference between the two daily counts and the total; the final county count was not checked. The paper's December 18, 1941 report on the first posts and its October 1, 1942 report on the Berryville post's upkeep were not retrieved for this story, so the story gives the paper's 1943 summary of the early posts and leaves the upkeep report out. The Library of Virginia holds at least one Virginia county's observation-post log book, Greene County's of 1943; no Clarke log was found in the searched material, which does not show that none survives. National and state wire copy is not used as evidence of what happened in Clarke. Individual tire grants are summarized rather than listed by name.", "claim_ids": [ "C1171" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Courier reports and notices from June 1941 to August 1945, each read on a Library of Congress page image, document the county's aircraft warning posts, the tire board, the sugar and gasoline registrations, the posts' closing and the Boyce station's sale. They do not corroborate the column's \"Red Flash\" story, give a final sugar count or show who bought the Boyce station.", "explanation": "Every item is the paper's own report or a signed notice. The \"Red Flash\" episode is a humorous column's account with no second source. The sugar day counts are kept as printed, though they add to ten more than the printed total. The White Post vote, the Berryville shift plan and the 1944 sale notice are plans and announcements, not outcomes. The Boyce station's $71 sale is known only from a passing mention in the paper's August 1945 report on the White Post post, not from a report or record of the auction.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1152", "C1160", "C1169", "C1170", "C1228" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "title": "Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed", "subtitle": "The dedication of the Clarke County Training School in September 1930, and what its Black patrons went on paying, 1930–1945", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "9 min", "range_label": "1930 / 1941 / 1945", "summary": "In September 1930 Black families in Clarke County dedicated the new brick Clarke County Training School in Josephine City, with state and Rosenwald speakers, a rock pile still uncrushed and $680 owed for chairs. Through the 1930s their League paid toward the building with pageants, festivals and a $500 yearly pledge. By 1941 the school bore the name of Dr. W. T. B. Williams, and its principal, E. T. Johnson, bade farewell to the pageants in 1944 and died in 1945.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city", "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1200", "C1203", "C1201", "C1202", "C1204", "C1205", "C1206", "C1207", "C1209", "C1208", "C1210", "C1211", "C1212", "C1213", "C1214", "C1215", "C1216", "C1217", "C1218", "C1219", "C1136", "C1124", "C1220", "C1221", "C1222", "C1121", "C1223", "C1224", "C1225", "C1127", "C1129", "C1130", "C1226", "C1133" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Courier followed one building from a free dedication in September 1930, with its chairs unpaid and its bond still to be met, through more than a decade of pageants, festivals and dollar pledges; no report was found that the bond was ever paid off.", "open_question": "What do the Clarke County School Board's minutes, 1930 to 1945, record of the League's bond and its $500 annual payments?", "next_step": "The county School Board's minutes for 1930 to 1945, if they can be reached, may give the bond's face amount and holder, the last payment received and any release or county assumption. The League's own accounts, the bond itself and Johnson's first book were not read.", "related_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "related_reason": "The earlier account, drawn from the same newspaper: the Courier's reports of the Training School's contract, digging, cornerstone, bus and pledge, 1930 to 1940. This account begins with the September 1930 dedication and follows the League's payments to 1945.", "exercise_id": "Q30", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "An invitation", "text": "In August 1930 the Clarke Courier printed an invitation from E. T. Johnson, principal of the Clarke County Training School and president of the Colored School Improvement League. The new brick school in Josephine City would be dedicated on Friday, September 5. The League thanked the public for making possible a modern six-teacher school for the county's Black children. It also reminded readers of a promise. Nearly eight years earlier, at the first parade, pageant and field meet at the Berryville fair grounds, T. C. Walker had told them that Julius Rosenwald was offering help if they raised a like sum. The League wrote that they had more than met that requirement.\n\nOn the day before the dedication, Johnson wrote again with the program. W. D. Gresham, the state's supervisor of Negro education, and Walker, now named as the Rosenwald agent, would speak at the morning session. At night Hoffman's band would play, and Dr. J. M. Gandy, president of Virginia State College for Negroes, would speak. White citizens had helped in many ways, Johnson wrote, and special seats had been reserved for white friends, as long as the seats lasted.", "claim_ids": [ "C1200", "C1203", "C1201", "C1202" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The dedication", "text": "A contributed account of the day ran in the Courier the next week, unsigned, and its writer began with the digging. On the morning of April 17 the principal, some of the school boys, some of the patrons and Superintendent A. F. Robertson had gathered to break ground, and Robertson dug the first dirt. Patrons came from all over the county to help, and the women fed the workmen. One patron, asked beforehand for some stone, had refused: \"narry rock\". Then the excavators found plenty of rock lying right in their path. It now sat in a pile, waiting for money to crush it for the drive. Digging the foundation had cost the patrons $375, paid in full in cash and in work.\n\nThe chairs came last. A few days before the dedication, the writer said, they had learned that the county did not furnish chairs for the auditorium. They took on the job themselves, and now faced a debt of $680, with a little over $100 in hand. The contractor, the report said, had pushed the work without a let-up so that they could move in.\n\nOn the day, the Rev. Mr. Butsler, a Methodist pastor, gave the invocation, and the state supervisor spoke first. The report prints his name as both Gresham and Graham. He praised the School Board and Superintendent Robertson, and the audience broke into loud applause when he said that the school would not have been possible without Johnson's untiring effort and leadership. Walker had come all the way from Gloucester. The report noted that he had built up a school for the boys and girls there and was a trustee of the Manassas Industrial School. He spoke in his usual joking way, and sometimes turned serious.\n\nIn the afternoon a community group, mostly teachers, sang folk songs, among them \"The Blind Man Stood on the Road and Cried\" and \"Roll, Jordan, Roll\". The Training School's own singers led the night program with \"America the Beautiful\". Visitors from a distance lingered by their parked cars, waiting for Gandy. He urged the young people toward college, and toward the practical training the state college was stressing: agriculture, electric wiring, steamfitting and brick-laying. He also spoke at length about the compulsory school attendance law. Robertson and Gresham, who were there for every session, urged the use, and not the abuse, of the new building.\n\nThe June cornerstone ceremony, with its Odd Fellow regalia and lodges from across the Valley, had drawn the bigger crowd, the writer admitted. The dedication charged no gate fee, and the writer explained that their people liked to pay their way where they could. Still, the writer did not think it far wrong to say that never a more representative group of Black people had gathered for any occasion, and thanked the white public, the churches and their friends for helping them realize an eight-year dream.\n\nOne woman was hurt. The same issue of the Courier reported that Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., was in bed with injuries from slipping and falling from the platform at the dedication.\n\nThe report ended on money. The rock pile lay uncrushed, and the drive had to be rocked before the muddy weather came; \"the chairs are unpaid for, and our bond must be met.\" A quartet chosen from among the boys was already traveling everywhere with the principal, singing the school's needs, and the report asked readers to give them a hearing.", "claim_ids": [ "C1203", "C1204", "C1205", "C1206", "C1207", "C1209", "C1208" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The first year", "text": "School was to open on Friday, September 12, and the report expected there would hardly be room for all the pupils. That month the Courier counted 350 Black pupils enrolled in all the county's schools. In December the Training School's attendance was 95.4 per cent.\n\nIn November fifty pupils of the Sumner High School for Black students in Martinsburg were to bring their operetta, \"In India\", to the new auditorium, with their orchestra, for the benefit of the school. Adults would pay 25 cents and children 15.\n\nOn the night of June 1, 1931, the new auditorium held its first commencement. Seven students graduated from the high school, and pupils from Berryville, Boyce, Louisville and Millwood received elementary certificates. Prof. Robert L. Custis of the state college at Petersburg gave the address, and the Rev. R. L. Rollins of the Zion Baptist Church the invocation. Johnson and members of the School Board called it a most successful session for the county's Black schools in attendance, scholarship and efficiency.\n\nOn June 11, 1931, the Courier printed the School Board's teachers for 1931–32. Of the thirteen in the county's Black schools, six made up the Training School's faculty: E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson, with Morgan Edwards as agricultural instructor.", "claim_ids": [ "C1208", "C1210", "C1211", "C1212", "C1213", "C1214" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Paying for it", "text": "The building debt was now the League's. In April 1931 the Courier urged its readers to support the Training School pageant on May 15. Its proceeds would go to reduce the building debt the School League had taken on. The League's own notice said its financial obligation called for more concerted effort than before, and it sent out five hundred My Dollar envelopes. The pageant that year was to be \"The Conflict\", performed in the open air by every Black school in the county. The notice was signed by Johnson as president, Alma Layton as secretary and Annie Banks as treasurer.\n\nThat October the League advertised its Fall Festival for the Training School Building Debt Fund. It had promised the School Board $500 a year toward the upkeep of the school, and raised it through two big events, the Fall Festival and a spring pageant. A festival ticket with supper had cost a dollar. That year, because of what the League called the \"depression cry\", it would cost fifty cents.\n\nThe pledge kept coming due. In April 1934 Johnson announced the annual pageant for May 25 as the Black community's yearly effort to raise its $500 pledge toward the support of the Training School. In September 1935 the League was meeting every month to plan the payment of debts on the school building and the school bus. By June 1936 the bus was paid for, as \"A dollar a year\" tells; no such report was found for the building. In May 1939 the League was still collecting a dollar a year from its bond subscribers, for the $500 bond allotment it paid about the first of June.", "claim_ids": [ "C1215", "C1216", "C1217", "C1218", "C1219", "C1136", "C1124" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A new name", "text": "In April 1941 the Courier reported the death, on March 26, of Dr. W. T. B. Williams, vice-president of Tuskegee Institute. He had been born at Stone Bridge in 1869 and grew up in Millwood as Taylor Williams. He was a graduate of Hampton Institute, Phillips Academy at Andover, and Harvard. The paper's tribute, initialled W. A. B., said few people in the county recognized the man in the Associated Press notice as the boy from Millwood. He had come back every year for a visit, and still owned the modest house where he had spent his youth. About ten years earlier he had written the report on Negro education in Virginia for a commission of the state legislature.\n\nBy November the school had taken his name. The new shop building of what was now the W. T. B. Williams Training School was to be dedicated on Sunday, November 16, 1941, to \"National Defense\". On the program were Samuel A. Madden, adviser on Negro WPA education, Clay B. Carr, chairman of the county board, and Superintendent Archie F. Robertson. Friends of the school, white and Black, were invited. The school, the notice said, had grown from almost nothing to a value of $45,000.", "claim_ids": [ "C1220", "C1221" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The last pageant", "text": "In May 1944 the county's Black schools announced their usual pageants for May 31, in the Williams school's auditorium. Each school, and possibly each room, had its own piece: the Training School rooms gave \"The Passing of the Philosophers and Sages\", the elementary grades \"Following the Flag\", the seventh grade \"Victory Garden\", home economics \"Crowning the Queen of Production\", Millwood \"The Negro in the Navy\" and White Post \"How We Can Serve\".\n\nJohnson wrote that for twenty years pageants and field days had been how they did their part, in money, for the county's education facilities. He invited friends to come and say farewell to \"the last sacrificial effort through pageants\". In June he would leave the school system as principal and teacher, and pass the gavel to younger hands. He thanked them personally for having sacrificed with him in building up the plant.\n\nThe Rev. Edward Thomas Johnson died at his home on Liberty Street on Friday, November 16, 1945, at seventy-two. He had been pastor of St. Luke's Baptist Church for nearly twenty-five years. He was born in Brunswick County in 1873, graduated from the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, and was credited with founding the first Negro training school in Virginia, at Nottoway. At his death he was writing a history of Virginia's Negro training schools, to be his second book, \"On My Way Up\". He was buried in the Milton Valley Cemetery in Josephine City.\n\nIn December W. A. Bradford wrote to the Courier. The paper's notice, the letter said, had listed Johnson's positions without saying whether his influence had been worth anything. Anyone who went to the public occasions at his training school could see that influence in the pupils' behavior and progress. The letter placed Johnson in the footsteps of Booker T. Washington and of William Taylor Burwell Williams, called him \"a guide and counsellor to his people\", and said the community owed a debt to his memory.\n\nIn the pages searched, no notice was found that the League's bond had been paid off. For more than a decade, the Courier printed the paying.", "claim_ids": [ "C1222", "C1121", "C1223", "C1224", "C1225" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "The account rests on the Clarke Courier, 1930–1945, read on the Library of Congress's page images. The May 1939 bond note and the June 1936 bus report come from \"A dollar a year\", where their images are shown, and the 1945 obituary is also used in the Milton Valley story.\n\nThe cornerstone was laid on June 6, 1930, with a parade, a pageant and a gate fee. The dedication on September 5 was a separate, free occasion with invited speakers.\n\nThe League's August 1930 notice says Rosenwald help had been offered if the patrons raised a like sum, and that they met the requirement, and the Rosenwald agent spoke at the dedication. That strengthens the match with the Julius Rosenwald Fund's card for a \"Berryville School\", shown with \"A dollar a year\". The card itself still names no Training School, so the identification stays probable.\n\nThe figures are given as printed, and none of them is added to another or reconciled: $375 for digging the foundation, in September 1930, where the May 1930 report had said a little over $300; $680 owed for chairs, with a little over $100 in hand; the $500 a year, described as for upkeep in 1931, for support in 1934 and as a bond allotment in 1939; and $45,000, the school's value in 1941.\n\nNo report was found that the League's bond or building debt was paid off, refinanced or taken over by the county, in a search of the Courier's machine-read text from 1930 to 1948, which can miss an item. The question that remains is narrow: what do the Clarke County School Board's minutes, 1930 to 1945, record of the League's bond and its $500 annual payments?\n\nNames are given as printed. The state supervisor appears as W. D. Gresham and as W. D. Graham. Walker appears as Prof. T. C. Walker, as the Rosenwald agent and as a lawyer from Gloucester; he is not identified with the \"C. T. Walker\" printed in 1938. Dr. Williams appears as W. T. B. Williams in 1941 and as W. B. T. Williams in 1945. The 1941 tribute's \"W. A. B.\" and the 1945 letter's W. A. Bradford are not identified as the same writer, and Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., is not identified further.\n\nNot read for this account: the county School Board's minutes, the League's own accounts and the bond itself, and Johnson's first book, which the obituary does not name. Every source item used here is shown from its page image, with a link to the original.", "claim_ids": [ "C1127", "C1129", "C1130", "C1207", "C1226", "C1133", "C1225" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier notices and reports from August 1930 to December 1945, each read on a Library of Congress page image, document the dedication and its program, the patrons' costs and debts, the school's first year, the League's pledge and payments through 1939, the school's renaming, the principal's last pageant, his obituary and a letter in his memory. None of them reports the League's bond paid off.", "explanation": "The dedication report is an unsigned contributed account in the patrons' own voice, and most later items are announcements or the League's own appeals rather than reports of results. The $375, $680, $500 a year and $45,000 are different measures and are never added together. The Rosenwald card probably, not certainly, describes this building, and the bond's retirement stays an open question.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1208", "C1217", "C1226", "C1225" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "title": "Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945", "subtitle": "Spotters short of hours, a harvest short of hands, a family waiting on a prisoner of war, and two victory days, as the Clarke Courier reported them.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "10 min", "range_label": "1943 / 1944 / 1945", "summary": "For more than three years the Clarke Courier wrote a weekly \"Dear Dan\" letter to a man overseas. Its pages from 1943 to 1945 show volunteers stretched thin at the aircraft spotter posts, a harvest brought in by boys, school children, traveling crews, convicts and prisoners of war, the Pope family's long wait for a son held by Japan, and a town that celebrated victory twice.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville", "boyce", "white-post", "clarke-county", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1259", "C1260", "C1238", "C1239", "C1229", "C1230", "C1231", "C1232", "C1233", "C1234", "C1235", "C1236", "C1237", "C1169", "C1240", "C1241", "C1242", "C1243", "C1244", "C1245", "C1246", "C1247", "C1248", "C1249", "C1250", "C1251", "C1252", "C1253", "C1254", "C1255", "C1256", "C1257", "C1258", "C1261", "C1262", "C1263", "C1264", "C1265", "C1266", "C1267", "C1227", "C1228" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "As the Courier reported it, the later war years in Clarke were about keeping things going with fewer people: posts short of spotters, orchards short of pickers, and families waiting for letters that seldom came.", "open_question": "Did the 1945 harvest use the war prisoners the county agent offered that spring, and did Ralph Pope re-enlist after his leave, as he said he would?", "next_step": "Read the county agent's report for 1945 and the Courier's 1946 issues.", "related_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "related_reason": "The first two years of the same watch: how the county's aircraft posts, tire board and ration offices began.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Dear Dan", "text": "For more than three years, the Clarke Courier wrote a letter every week to Dan Morrison, who was serving overseas. His tour took him to England, Scotland, North Africa, Italy, France and Corsica. The column began \"Dear Dan\" and carried the town's small news: who had the flu, who had written from away, who was buying war bonds, and, by the end, what was back on the shelves.\n\nOne April night in 1943 the letter was written in spurts, on duty at the Berryville air spotter post. No planes were overhead, seen or heard. The writer had forgotten his book, so he had the post's old magazines. The fire had gone out. The shabby lamp shade had been replaced with a better one, a gift, he thought, from Mrs. Ernest Locke. A red pair of dice sat on the table, evidence that the post had seen livelier nights.", "claim_ids": [ "C1259", "C1260", "C1238", "C1239", "C1229" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Short of spotters", "text": "That quiet watch took more people than Berryville was finding. In January 1943 the Courier complained in an editorial that the Air Warning Service could not fill its shifts. Only sixty or seventy volunteers were needed in a town of more than 1,200 people, the paper said, and each was asked for three hours a week: \"just three hours out of every 168.\"\n\nThe posts were also paying for themselves. In February the Boyce post announced a bingo and fun festival at Boyce High School to clear what it still owed on its building, which contributions had not fully covered.\n\nIn March the work changed. Edwin C. Parker, the district director, explained that spotters would now report planes by type and name, not simply as two- or three-motor aircraft, so the fighters sent up against an enemy plane would know what they faced. At a meeting in the Hawthorne Library, the Berryville post began organizing aircraft-recognition classes, to be taught by Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce, who had trained at an Aircraft Warning Service school in Baltimore. The Courier had named a Mrs. Eddy Joyce as one of the two Berryville women in the \"Red Flash\" mix-up the August before; the paper does not say whether they are the same woman. By late April a class of ten had completed the course; that report named its teacher as Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce, also trained in Baltimore. At White Post, Mrs. A. Mackay Smith planned a class, and at Boyce Mrs. George Rogers was teaching one; both had attended the Baltimore school.\n\nThe post needed an awning for the summer, at about $30, and in May it held a rummage sale in the old post office building. People who could not spot planes were asked to send whatever they could spare from their spring cleaning. The sale made a profit of more than $75, and with other gifts the post collected nearly $100. Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey and Mrs. Harry Warden ran it.\n\nMoney was easier to find than hours. In June the Courier wrote that it was \"a crying shame\" that fewer than 56 of Berryville's 1,200 people would give three hours a week to the post. The Red Cross room was in the same state: never more than three, four or five women came to roll bandages.\n\nThe War Department closed the county's three posts in July 1943. That October the \"Dear Dan\" letter reported that many people around the county were wearing wings on their lapels. The emblems had come through the mail as a sign that their wearers had served as observers. When the posts closed, the War Department had promised the observers a souvenir for their hours.", "claim_ids": [ "C1230", "C1231", "C1232", "C1233", "C1234", "C1235", "C1236", "C1237", "C1169", "C1238", "C1239" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Bringing in the harvest", "text": "Clarke's orchards needed hands that the war had taken. In April 1944 the county's agriculture committee began planning for the harvest. War prisoners, it learned, would not be available to the county: they were released only for six months' work and had to have permanent housing. The committee looked instead to the Woman's Land Army, as the paper printed it, high school boys, vacationers from Washington, contract labor and convicts.\n\nThe county agent's report on 1944, printed in January 1945, shows how the season went. Orchardists set the prevailing wage at 10 cents a bushel for apple pickers, 40 cents an hour for men and 35 cents for women. Boys came from Arlington and Washington to work on farms for the summer, and most stayed the season. School children worked on the farms all summer, the report said, while their brothers were in the armed forces and their older sisters in defense work, and college girls thinned apples. Workers from the Bahamas arrived in mid-July, housed at a camp in Frederick County; fifty worked on one orchard operation and ninety on another. From late August, the report says, state road convicts cut and shocked corn, at a rate it gives as 35 cents an hour; it does not say what, if anything, the men themselves were paid. Farmers who used them, the report adds, called them the best corn cutters they had seen that year.\n\nThe apple pickers were harder to keep. A group of 103 Kentuckians moved into the Castleman Ferry camp, but they could not start picking at once and the War Food Administration made them pay for their meals. Within two weeks only 26 were left, and they were sent on to Nelson County. In their place came 118 Jamaican workers from New Hampshire. When they saw the tent camp, the report says, they threatened to stay on the buses until they could be housed in buildings. The Commonwealth's Attorney, the sheriff and a state trooper persuaded them to get off, and the next day 21 men the report called trouble makers were sent home. The rest did a fairly good job, the agent wrote. Some earned $75 or $80 a week, and the average was about $40.\n\nLater that 1944 season, by the same report, one orchardist contracted for German war prisoners after all. They did not pick apples with much success, but 25 of them did good work in his packing shed. The agent added that these men were Russians, captured by the Germans early in the war and made to fight for Germany in France.\n\nFinally the county's children were let out of school. Before school opened, farmers and orchardists pressed for it. The school board first agreed to work permits for ten school days; the orchardists asked for a month and got twenty days. When the board met on October 1 and found the need still great, it let the approved children stay out until October 31, with every child of school age back in school on November 1. Of more than two hundred children investigated, 169 were approved.", "claim_ids": [ "C1240", "C1241", "C1242", "C1243", "C1244", "C1245" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Pope family", "text": "Some families carried the war more heavily than others. In February 1943 Mrs. Fred Pope of near Berryville told the Courier she believed her son Ralph was safe. He was 26, he had been at Manila, and he had been missing since May 7, 1942. Two more of her sons, Janey Lee and Robert Edward, were serving overseas. A fourth, Garland, was eighteen and eligible for service, and her daughter Eva Corinne, sixteen, was eager to join the WAACs.\n\nIn late May the Courier reported that the War Department had told the Popes, through the International Red Cross, that Ralph was a prisoner of the Japanese. In August they had their first card from him: he was interned, uninjured and well, and he sent his love to his brothers and sisters. At the end of October another son, Carl, seventeen, enlisted in the Navy from his job at the post office. In February 1944, despite the reports of Japanese atrocities, Mrs. Pope said she still felt her son was all right.\n\nIn November 1944 the Courier reported that the War Department had wired the family the text of an enemy propaganda broadcast it had intercepted: \"Dear Mother, I am getting along fine,\" it began. \"I am now in Japan.\" Six weeks later the War Department wired the Popes again. Staff Sergeant Janey Lee Pope was killed in action in Germany in December 1944, at 23. On December 13, a few days before his death, he had gone to spend several days with his brother Robert in France. So far as the paper could learn, he was the first Clarke County soldier killed in action in the war.\n\nIn May 1945, Robert Pope was discharged after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, one of the first Clarke soldiers, if not the first, to be discharged under the Army's point system.", "claim_ids": [ "C1246", "C1247", "C1248", "C1249", "C1250", "C1251", "C1252", "C1253" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Victory, twice", "text": "Berryville celebrated the end of the war in Europe before it happened. On Saturday night, April 28, 1945, a false report of Germany's surrender went out over the radio, and for an hour or so, the paper said, the town \"went wild.\" People blew the fire siren without stopping, rang the fire bell, and drove the fire truck up and down every street with its siren open. The committee planning the V-E Day celebration gathered and thought of holding a service where Main Street crosses Church Street, but held off for want of confirmation.\n\nThe real V-E Day was \"a tame affair\" by comparison, the \"Dear Dan\" letter admitted. The town was a little disappointed not to celebrate on May 7, when the war really ended, and had to wait until the next day. People stood around the radio to hear President Truman's proclamation, rang the church bells and the siren, closed the stores and went to church.\n\nThe news from Japan came over the radio at seven o'clock on Tuesday evening, August 14. People poured into Berryville's streets and shouted. The siren blew long and loud, church bells rang, and cars full of people drove through town with horns sounding. The churches were packed, and a community service was held at the Berryville Baptist Church. Afterward boys and girls fed bonfires at the four corners of the main block with paper, old tires and trash. On the same front page, the Courier reported that Ralph Pope would be, or already had been, freed.\n\nThe home-front work wound down in the same weeks. A telegram from Red Cross headquarters ended the county's blood collections. The mobile unit had collected 1,425 pints of blood in ten visits to the county. Dan Morrison came home on furlough after about 36 months overseas, and the column that had been his for three years was addressed that week to someone else: \"Dear Ralph Pope.\" It told him the county had not forgotten him, that canned goods no longer took ration points, and that the wartime speed limit had gone from 35 to 50 miles an hour.", "claim_ids": [ "C1254", "C1255", "C1256", "C1257", "C1258", "C1259", "C1260" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Coming home", "text": "In October the Popes had a cable from Manila: \"I'm fine,\" it began. In all his time in captivity, the paper noted, the family had received only five prisoner-of-war postcards and one letter reporting his broadcast. After a stay at the Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton, Ralph Pope reached Clarke on a Saturday night in mid-November.\n\nThat December he told the Courier his story, and the paper printed what government rules allowed. He had been captured at Corregidor. He had driven a bus and then trucks for his captors in the Philippines, worked on the Manila docks, and been shipped to Japan with 1,025 men in a ship's hold for twelve days. At a copper mine at Hanawa, he said, guards beat him, broke his arm and gave him no medical care. He was down to 95 pounds when he was freed. American planes began dropping food to the camp on August 25, and on September 16 the prisoners were turned over to the American occupation forces.\n\nThe paper that week also listed twenty Clarke County men discharged from service. Ralph Pope had three months of prisoner-of-war leave ahead of him, from January 7. After that, he said, he would re-enlist.\n\nThe spotter posts had one last errand. In the summer of 1945 the White Post observation post was sold for $150 to W. R. Thompson, who moved it to his land next to the old site. The Courier called the price very good, noting that a similar building at Boyce had sold for $71 at public auction. Because more than a hundred people in the White Post neighborhood had paid for the post, the money went to the County Nurse Association.", "claim_ids": [ "C1261", "C1262", "C1263", "C1264", "C1265", "C1266", "C1267", "C1227", "C1228" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This account rests on the Clarke Courier (Berryville), 1943–1945, read on Library of Congress page images (Chronicling America), which are digital reproductions; each item is shown with its page image and a link to the original. The harvest section follows the county agent's annual report as the paper printed it, including its own descriptions of the workers. Mrs. Pope's hopes, the intercepted broadcast and Ralph Pope's account are reported as the paper printed them. Janey Lee Pope's death is dated December 19 in the first report and December 16 in a later one; this account gives only the month.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier columns, editorials, reports and notices from 1943 to 1945, each read on a Library of Congress page image, document the spotter posts' shortage of volunteers, the 1944 harvest labor as the county agent reported it, the Pope family's news of a son held by Japan, and the town's two victory celebrations.", "explanation": "The harvest account is the county agent's own report as the paper printed it, including its descriptions of the workers. Mrs. Pope's hopes, the intercepted broadcast and Ralph Pope's account are the paper's reports. The two printed Mrs. Joyces are not joined, and Janey Lee Pope's death is given only by month because two reports differ on the day.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1230", "C1241", "C1247", "C1256" ] } }, { "id": "boyce-bank-robbery-1965", "title": "A pencil at Lanham's: the Boyce bank robbery of 1965", "subtitle": "A customer's search for a pencil, a trooper's radio and a Rambler station wagon, from the Winchester Evening Star's reporting on the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "4 min", "range_label": "1965", "summary": "On April 1, 1965, two armed men robbed the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County. A customer's pencil-written license number, relayed to state police, led a trooper to stop the getaway car within the half hour. The account that follows is built entirely from the Winchester Evening Star's contemporary reporting and one conflicting reprint on the money recovered; a fourth defendant's final result is not established in the reports reviewed for this account.", "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "berryville", "millwood", "bank-of-clarke-county", "philip-cunningham", "edith-w-rodgers", "frances-hudson", "r-l-bruce", "kenneth-lloyd-presgraves", "buford-homer-shupe", "james-clarence-powell", "mary-matilda-shupe", "lanhams-grocery-boyce", "locke-and-co-millwood", "double-toll-gate" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1269", "C1270", "C1271", "C1272", "C1273", "C1274", "C1275", "C1276", "C1277", "C1278", "C1279", "C1280", "C1281", "C1282" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A grocery-counter pencil and a trooper's radio turned a bank robbery into arrests within the half hour; the newspaper's own record still leaves one defendant's outcome and the exact recovery unresolved.", "open_question": "What became of Mary Matilda Shupe's case after her September 13, 1965 plea withdrawal and the November 9 trial date the court set?", "next_step": "A later 1965 or 1966 Winchester Evening Star issue reporting Mary Matilda Shupe's trial, if one exists, would resolve her outcome; none has been located for this account.", "related_story": "bank-remains-story", "related_reason": "Another Berryville story built entirely from what the local newspaper did and did not report about the Bank of Clarke County; an editorial connection, not a personal one.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "title_aliases": [], "sections": [ { "heading": "A pencil at Lanham's", "text": "Philip Cunningham ran into Lanham's Grocery in Boyce, called for a pencil and grabbed one from the counter. He had a car's license number to write down. Moments earlier, two men had passed him at the bank door. Now he believed the bank had been robbed. The next day, the Winchester Evening Star's Doug O'Connell told the story of the customer whose search for a pencil helped police find a getaway car.\n\nCunningham had come to the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County to cash checks on April 1, 1965. He operated Locke and Co., a store in Millwood, with his brother. As two men came out, he noticed a paper bag. Inside, he could see no tellers. He stepped back outside, and the men began running. In Cunningham's account to the Star, he crouched behind parked cars and followed them toward a blue-and-white Rambler station wagon about forty yards away. A man was at the wheel.", "claim_ids": [ "C1269", "C1270", "C1271" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Inside the bank", "text": "Inside the bank, manager Edith W. Rodgers and teller Frances Hudson had faced two men carrying pistols. Rodgers told the newspaper that each man handed over a paper bag and demanded money. When someone began entering through the front door, the men ordered the women into a back room and made them close the door. The person arriving was Cunningham. What looked to him like an empty bank was the result of those orders.", "claim_ids": [ "C1272", "C1273" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The call to Culpeper", "text": "The men climbed into the back of the station wagon, which drove west. Cunningham went to Lanham's, wrote down the number, then returned to the bank. The robbery report, car description and plate number were telephoned to state police headquarters in Culpeper.", "claim_ids": [ "C1269" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The trooper's radio", "text": "Near Double Toll Gate, Trooper R. L. Bruce heard the alert on his radio. According to a separate Star account by Jack Davis, Bruce had finished an overnight shift near Middletown, rested, and set out for a funeral in Front Royal. He turned around toward Boyce. Soon he saw a blue-and-white Rambler, and its license number matched. He radioed headquarters and followed as the car turned onto a side road off Route 522.", "claim_ids": [ "C1275" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Stopped near Double Toll Gate", "text": "Davis reported that Bruce switched on his lights and siren, and the car stopped. With a gun in hand, Bruce ordered its three men and one woman out and onto the road. They offered no resistance. Other officers arrived and helped handcuff them. The Star's main report placed the arrests less than half an hour after the robbery, which had occurred around 1 p.m.", "claim_ids": [ "C1274", "C1276" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Jail, hearing and pleas", "text": "The bank closed so the missing money could be counted. The four arrested people were taken to jail in Berryville and charged. At an April 19 preliminary hearing, all four were held for grand-jury action. Their cases would take months to follow different paths through court.\n\nThe Star reported that Kenneth Lloyd Presgraves, Buford Homer Shupe and James Clarence Powell pleaded guilty on May 10.", "claim_ids": [ "C1277", "C1278", "C1279" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Sentenced", "text": "On July 12, Judge Elliott D. Marshall sentenced Presgraves to 20 years, Shupe to 15 years and Powell to 10 years in the state penitentiary. The July 13 newspaper reported those terms, and its August 11 coverage repeated them. These are the reported sentences; the reports reviewed for this account do not establish how much time each man served.", "claim_ids": [ "C1280" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Mary Matilda Shupe", "text": "Mary Matilda Shupe's final result is unknown in the reports reviewed for this account. She initially pleaded innocent, changed her plea to guilty on August 10, then received permission to withdraw that plea and plead innocent again on September 13. The court set November 9 for trial and continued her $2,500 bond. No final verdict, dismissal or sentence has been verified for her.", "claim_ids": [ "C1281" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What was recovered", "text": "The money reports also leave a disagreement. Bank president Floyd L. McWilliams told the Star that $11,929 had been taken and all recovered. Later Star reports repeated full recovery. An April 8 account reproduced by Page Valley News instead put the loss at about $12,000 and said all but $100 was recovered. Rounding can explain the different loss figures; it cannot explain the recovery claim. No bank accounting or published correction resolving that difference is reflected in the reports reviewed for this account.\n\nThe roadside stop followed the details Cunningham brought back to the bank: the Rambler's colors and its license number, written down with a pencil from a grocery counter.", "claim_ids": [ "C1282" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "This account leaves three things open rather than resolving them. Mary Matilda Shupe's final disposition after her September 13, 1965 plea withdrawal is not established in the reports reviewed for this account; her plea history is reported without an ending. The recovery of the stolen money is reported two ways that conflict — the Star's repeated $11,929 fully recovered, and a separate April 8 account's roughly $12,000 with $100 unrecovered — and neither is adopted over the other here. And the three men's July 12, 1965 sentences are reported as sentences: nothing in the held reports says how much time Presgraves, Shupe or Powell actually served, or whether any sentence was later modified or appealed. No participation or recollection by any judge other than Elliott D. Marshall, who is reported to have imposed the July 12 sentences, is stated or implied anywhere in this account.", "claim_ids": [ "C1280", "C1281", "C1282" ], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Eight Winchester Evening Star issues from April through September 1965, plus one modern reprint of a ninth, conflicting April 8, 1965 account. None of the nine items was read directly by the editors who wrote this account.", "explanation": "This account is built from a researched narrative and a claim-to-issue/page map prepared by a separate researcher who read the eight held Winchester Evening Star pages (April 2 pp. 1-2 and 17, April 19 p. 1, May 11 p. 1, July 13 p. 1, August 11 p. 1 and September 14 p. 2) and the Page Valley News reprint of an April 8, 1965 account. The integrating session (Main) did not independently re-read the page images or their text; every segment behind this story's claims is recorded as a description of the original, not an inspection of it. The held pages are private, in-copyright NewspaperArchive holdings reached through member access, not public images, so no excerpt beyond a locator is carried in the corpus. Mary Matilda Shupe's final disposition and the exact amount recovered are reported inconsistently or not at all in the reports reviewed, and both are left open rather than resolved.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1269", "C1272", "C1280", "C1281", "C1282" ] } }, { "id": "mosby-millwood-negotiations-1865", "title": "Mosby's last negotiations at Millwood", "subtitle": "Two Confederate memoirs describe how Colonel John S. Mosby’s command met Federal officers at Millwood in April 1865 — and left without the surrender General Hancock expected.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "4 min", "range_label": "1865", "summary": "In April 1865 Union Major-General Winfield S. Hancock sought Colonel John S. Mosby’s surrender on the terms given Lee. Two Confederate memoirs, published decades apart, describe negotiations at Millwood that ended without it.", "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1283", "C1284", "C1285", "C1286", "C1287", "C1288", "C1289", "C1290", "C1291", "C1292", "C1293", "C1294", "C1295", "C1296", "C1332", "C1333", "C1334" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Two Confederate memoirs, published decades apart, describe negotiations at Millwood in April 1865 that ended in refusal, not surrender: Hancock’s terms went unmet, and Mosby disbanded his command at Salem instead. The room, the exact interval between the meetings, and the closeness of the two accounts’ dramatic details all remain open.", "open_question": "What did each memoirist draw on — official records, other participants’ testimony, or each other’s published account — and would locating that source settle the sequence or the building these two accounts alone cannot?", "next_step": "No further inspection is planned beyond the pages this story’s claims rest on. A reading of Williamson’s independent chain to the original Hancock telegram, or of any surviving official record of the two truces, would test what these two memoirs alone cannot.", "related_story": "alec-cary-story", "related_reason": "Another episode the sources place at or near Millwood — a killing on the turnpike between Millwood and Berryville four years after the war these negotiations ended, and the arrest that followed it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Terms Hancock offered", "text": "On April 11, Hancock’s chief of staff, Brevet Brigadier-General C. H. Morgan, wrote to Mosby offering to receive the surrender of \"the forces under your command,\" on the same terms Grant had given Lee. The next day Hancock told his own superior, General Halleck, that Mosby might disband his men rather than surrender them — they had good horses and pistols, he wrote, and would not give those up as long as they could get away. Mosby’s answer, dated April 15, agreed to no more than a short truce: he had no word yet from his own authorities, he wrote, and saw no reason yet to surrender, but would suspend hostilities while he found out more. Munson reports that the letter was carried through the lines by a small party that included Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman of Mosby’s own command and Dr. A. Monteiro, the command’s surgeon — a different man from the Union General George H. Chapman named below. Williamson’s history independently reproduces the Federal chain of command’s own internal instructions, dated April 16, directing that Mosby \"will be at Millwood, Tuesday next, the 18th inst., at 12 m., for the purpose of arranging the surrender of his command or definitely declining\" — confirming the place and date from inside the Federal command structure, not only from its outward correspondence.", "claim_ids": [ "C1283", "C1284", "C1285", "C1286", "C1333" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A telegram naming Millwood", "text": "Hancock agreed. On April 16 he told Halleck by telegram that arrangements had been made for a meeting at Millwood the following Tuesday noon, \"when I expect to receive the surrender.\" This account uses the telegram as reproduced in a footnote in Williamson’s 1909 history, Mosby’s Rangers, now hosted here in full: opening the source link below opens Williamson’s published reproduction of that footnote, not an independently located original telegram.", "claim_ids": [ "C1287" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Two meetings, and an extension", "text": "Tuesday was April 18. According to John W. Munson, one of Mosby’s rangers who published his own account in 1906, Mosby met a number of his men at Paris, in Fauquier County, that morning and rode with them to Millwood, where he met, by appointment, General George H. Chapman, the Union officer put in charge of the negotiation. Still without word from his own side, Mosby asked for more time. The truce was extended to noon on the 20th. The accounts differ in the interval between the meetings. Munson dates them to April 18 and April 20. Monteiro describes an initial meeting followed by a twenty-four-hour extension and a final meeting the next day. The sequence is left as each author gives it rather than forced into one chronology. A report General Chapman filed the same day as the first meeting, April 18, independently confirms that Mosby had already told him he would \"disband his organization\" rather than surrender it, if the Confederate cause proved lost — in writing, before the second meeting took place.", "claim_ids": [ "C1288", "C1289", "C1332" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The room", "text": "Munson describes a room in a small brick building in Millwood. Monteiro, who says he was in the room, remembered it as a parlor in \"the only hotel in the little village of Millwood,\" with fifteen Federal officers waiting, and says he did not hear the low-voiced opening exchange between Mosby and the officer beside him.", "claim_ids": [ "C1290", "C1291" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A warning, and a reply", "text": "Both authors then describe a trooper — Monteiro calls him \"Hern,\" Munson \"John Hearn\" — breaking off an impromptu horse race outside to burst in and warn that Federal cavalry lay hidden nearby. Both give Mosby a similar reply: that if the truce no longer protected his men, they would protect themselves. The warning is the trooper’s reported fear, as each author recounts it, not an established Federal intention. Whether the two memoirs preserve one widely retold story from shared witnesses, or one later account drew on the other, is not established here; each is a separate publication, not independent confirmation of the other.", "claim_ids": [ "C1292", "C1293" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Leaving without a surrender", "text": "Both describe Mosby and his officers leaving and riding toward the Shenandoah. Munson says they mounted without molestation; Monteiro says Federal cavalry followed them. Neither account describes a surrender at Millwood. Monteiro places the command’s final gathering at Salem, in Fauquier County, on the following day, and reproduces Mosby’s announcement that he was disbanding the organization rather than surrendering it. A Federal telegram filed the same day as the second meeting gives a different sequence: Mosby, \"met in person at Millwood to-day,\" is reported to have stated that his command \"has disbanded, with the exception of a few officers and soldiers\" — a day earlier than Monteiro’s account of the formal disbanding at Salem. The two are not necessarily in conflict; an informal statement at Millwood and a formal farewell the next day could both be true. This story does not resolve the sequence.", "claim_ids": [ "C1294", "C1295", "C1296", "C1334" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What these accounts do not establish", "text": "What the meeting settled, then, was not a surrender but its refusal — and what these two accounts leave open is considerable. The building is not identified. The interval between the meetings differs. Neither memoir is a contemporary record: both were written and published decades after the war, in the genre of Confederate veterans’ reminiscence, and the closeness of their most dramatic details may reflect a story retold as much as a story remembered. The held edition of Monteiro’s book is itself published anonymously; its author is identified only by a copyright entry reading \"A. Monteiro, M.D.\" and a later pencil annotation on this copy naming Aristides Monteiro. Munson names a courier \"Dr. A. Monteiro,\" not \"Dr. Aristides Monteiro.\" Williamson separately cites an unidentified Dr. Monteiro’s \"interesting volume of ‘Reminiscences’\" without a title, publisher or date. None of these three namings is resolved into one identity here. Williamson’s 1909 history, now also hosted here in full, reprints Monteiro’s account of the final meeting word for word, credited by name; its own independent contribution is the official Federal correspondence above, not a third telling of the room or the warning.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Two retrospective memoirs, decades apart, telling a closely similar story.", "explanation": "Every claim on this page comes from one of two Confederate memoirs (Monteiro, 1890; Munson, 1906) or a telegram Williamson’s 1909 history reproduces in a footnote. All three are read here as what they themselves say, not as independently confirmed history: the two memoirs’ closest, most dramatic details — the trooper’s trap warning and Mosby’s reply — are near-identical in substance, which this page treats as a reason for caution rather than corroboration. Where the two memoirs disagree — the interval between the meetings, and whether Federal cavalry followed the party’s departure — both readings are kept, not resolved into one account.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1287", "C1290", "C1291", "C1296" ] } }, { "id": "old-chapel-burial-record", "title": "Who the Old Chapel remembers", "subtitle": "A 1906 cemetery record names the estate families of Old Chapel in exhaustive detail, and the people who served them in a few borrowed words.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1790–1906", "summary": "Charles Randolph Hughes’s 1906 compilation \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia records who was buried in the chapel’s cemetery, by its own admission incompletely. This story reads what it says, and does not say, about the people it names only briefly.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1297", "C1298", "C1299", "C1300", "C1301", "C1302", "C1303", "C1304", "C1305", "C1306", "C1307", "C1308", "C1309", "C1310", "C1311", "C1312", "C1313", "C1314" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The 1906 cemetery record names the estate families of Old Chapel at length and the people who served them — Robin, Nat Carter, Jennie Carter, Evelyn Williams, Charles Jackson, Jacob Brooks, Betsey Brooks, Clara Harris — in a few words each, often no more than a household and the label \"(colored).\" The compiler himself called the list still incomplete.", "open_question": "The compiler admitted the list could not be made complete. What else does the chapel’s cemetery, or other Clarke County records of the same families and households, still hold that this 1906 compilation did not capture?", "next_step": "No further inspection of this source is planned beyond the pages this story’s claims rest on. A reading of the vestry book Nelson cites, or of records for the Liberia emigrants Mrs. Matthew Page is said to have sent in 1832, would test what this record alone does not say.", "related_story": "mosby-millwood-negotiations-1865", "related_reason": "Another record naming people and places near Millwood, decades apart in time and sourced from a published memoir rather than a cemetery compilation.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Old Robin’s water stand", "text": "On the right side of the south door, old Robin once kept a pail of cool water from the Chapel Spring and a clean gourd for anyone who had come fifteen or twenty miles to church. Capt. William N. Nelson, recalling the chapel’s early years in an 1890 address, remembered him as \"the courteous old colored sexton\" — one of the few people in this part of the record whose daily presence at Old Chapel the author troubled to describe at all, rather than merely to date.", "claim_ids": [ "C1297" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A building’s date, left open", "text": "Nelson could not say exactly when the stone chapel Robin tended had gone up. He gathered what his neighbors and predecessors had written and left the question open: Bishop Meade’s history put the building in 1790; Dr. Robert C. Randolph, in an 1881 letter to the Southern Churchman, said 1798 or ’99; an engraved stone Randolph had moved into the cemetery gave 1800; and an unsigned 1869 letter to the Clarke Courier, which Nelson believed Randolph had also written, quoted a vestry resolution from 1790 ordering a \"house of worship\" built at the Chapel spring, on land Nathaniel Burwell had offered for that purpose. Nelson himself leaned toward 1790 — \"the evidence seems to be fairly in favor of\" it, he wrote — but called the question uncertain, not settled, and the record never resolves it further.", "claim_ids": [ "C1298" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A record that admits its gaps", "text": "What is not in question is who the compiler, Charles Randolph Hughes, found buried in the chapel’s cemetery by 1906, after admitting on the record’s own first page that making the list complete had often proved impossible: \"any omissions...the reader may attribute to these causes.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1299" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "People the record names briefly", "text": "Among the names that survive are people the record gives almost no other words to. Harriet Evans, \"(colored), wife of Randall Evans of Winchester,\" died in 1848, aged thirty-eight; the book spells her husband’s name both \"Randall\" and \"Randal\" across her entry and his own. Randall, who conducted \"a high-class restaurant\" in Winchester, died in Baltimore in 1871. Jennie Carter, nurse for the children of Francis Otway Byrd at \"Oakley,\" was the mother of Nat Carter, remembered as \"the well-known, faithful and interesting attendant of the Old Chapel grounds for a great number of years\"; the record does not date how long he held that role, only that his mother died about 1854. Patty Brook’s stone, placed by her son, recorded that she \"was 13 at the siege of York and often talked of that event\"; nothing else here says where she lived in the decades between. Evelyn Williams, called \"Mammy Evelyn\" on her own entry, was remembered as \"the faithful servant and devoted nurse of all the children at ‘The Briars’\"; Charles Jackson, butler to Dr. Robert C. Randolph at \"New Market,\" is called \"one of the old faithful servants\"; Jacob Brooks drove Dr. Randolph’s carriage and later Mrs. George H. Burwell’s. Betsey Brooks, in a separate entry on the record’s next page, was \"mammy to the children at ‘Saratoga’ for three generations\"; Clara Harris was \"mammy to the ‘New Market’ children.\" Each of those phrases is the compiler’s language, or a family’s, carried over from the stones and the memories he collected — not this account’s own description of what those years were like to live.", "claim_ids": [ "C1300", "C1301", "C1302", "C1303", "C1309", "C1310", "C1311", "C1312", "C1313" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "An instructor, a substitute soldier, and the young", "text": "Oliver Bliss’s stone, copied into the record, calls him an instructor in the Millwood neighborhood, a native of Wilbraham, Massachusetts, graduated from Yale College in 1795, \"separated from relatives\" and consoled, it says, that his days closed \"among those who knew the heart of the Stranger.\" John O’Connor’s entry states plainly that he served in the War of 1812, in the 4th Virginia Regiment, as a substitute for his brother Dennis — one man standing in another’s place, a transaction the record sets down without comment. And scattered across the cemetery’s fifty-odd pages are children and young people: infants of a few months, a girl of five who died when her skirts caught fire, a boy of seventeen \"killed by a horse,\" entries that are sometimes only a name, an age and a year.", "claim_ids": [ "C1304", "C1305", "C1306", "C1307", "C1308" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Liberia, and an outcome the record does not give", "text": "One entry describes Mrs. Matthew Page of \"Annefield,\" Anne Randolph Meade, whose husband Matthew Page died in 1826; the record says she then began final preparations for \"liberating her slaves and sending them to Liberia,\" which she did, it says, in 1832, \"providing them with every necessary supply for a year.\" That is the compiler’s entry; what became of the people she sent is not part of this record, and nothing here says.", "claim_ids": [ "C1314" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this book can and cannot do", "text": "That, finally, is what this book can and cannot do. It names the estate families in loving and exhaustive detail — their marriages, their service to the Confederacy. It names Robin and Nat Carter and Jennie Carter and the rest more briefly, often by nothing more than the household they served and a label, \"(colored),\" that the compiler used but never explained. He warned his own readers, on the record’s first page, that the list was still incomplete. That warning holds for the people this account has drawn out of it: it can tell us the words the compiler, Charles Randolph Hughes, and the families and stones he drew on chose to count them in 1906. It cannot tell us the fuller lives behind those words.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "One 1906 compiled record, read for what it names and what it leaves out.", "explanation": "Every claim on this page comes from one 1906 source, \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia (S427), a 76-page compilation of a 1890 historical address and a cemetery record kept by its compiler, Charles Randolph Hughes. Each page cited was read directly as a rendered page image, not from OCR or text-layer alone. The record names estate families at length and a smaller number of people it describes only briefly, often through phrases — \"mammy,\" \"faithful servant,\" \"(colored)\" — that are the compiler’s or a family’s own language, quoted here rather than adopted as this story’s description. Where the record leaves a question open, such as the chapel’s construction date or the outcome of an 1832 emigration to Liberia, this page leaves it open too.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1297", "C1299", "C1309", "C1314" ] } }, { "id": "berryville-coffee-club", "title": "The Berryville Coffee Club", "subtitle": "For the better part of five decades, a loose group of Berryville men met every weekday morning for coffee — no officers, no dues, and a venue that kept changing while the gathering itself did not.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1959–2006", "summary": "The Clarke Courier and Clarke Times-Courier, 1965–2007, trace an informal daily gathering of Berryville men — the \"Coffee Club\" — through four ownership changes at the Soda Shop, a 1977 fire, a 1978 merger, and later moves to the Town House, Jane’s Lunch and, once, the Tastee Freez. No address for the Soda Shop is ever given; this story reads what the record says and does not say.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1315", "C1316", "C1317", "C1318", "C1319", "C1320", "C1321", "C1322", "C1323", "C1324", "C1325", "C1326", "C1327", "C1328", "C1329", "C1330", "C1331" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "An unofficial, undocumented daily coffee gathering outlasted at least five different owners and venues across nearly five decades in Berryville, leaving a trail only in passing newspaper mentions — never its own article until a 2004 retrospective feature, and never a confirmed street address for the venue where it is first named in 1967.", "open_question": "The Soda Shop’s street address is never stated in any source read for this story, only a locational hint from a 1977 fire caption naming a neighboring \"hotel building,\" and Berryville had two buildings known by that name. Does a Berryville city directory, deed, or other record pin the Soda Shop’s address down more precisely?", "next_step": "No further inspection of this source base is planned beyond the issues this story’s claims rest on. A library or in-person check of the undigitized 1960s Hill’s Berryville city directories (held only in physical stacks at the Library of Virginia) would test the address question the newspaper record leaves open.", "related_story": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "related_reason": "Another Berryville Main Street business with a thinner record than its subject deserves: names and years survive where an exact address does not.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Just happened", "text": "Every weekday morning for the better part of five decades, a loose group of Berryville men gathered somewhere in town for coffee. They had no officers, no dues, and — by their own account — no particular reason for starting. \"Just happened,\" is how J. Fred Jones, one of the group’s original members, put it to the Clarke Times-Courier in 2004, by then well into the Coffee Club’s fifth decade.", "claim_ids": [ "C1315" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Soda Shop and the club’s name", "text": "The gathering’s first known home was the Soda Shop, opened on Main Street in 1959 by Vernon and Bunny Racer. \"It was started because Berryville had no place for youngsters to go,\" Racer recalled in 1978, the year the Soda Shop finally closed. Some members remembered an even earlier spot — White’s Pharmacy, where a soda fountain served coffee until the owner decided to run \"a real drug store\" instead — but the Soda Shop is the place the record ties the Coffee Club to first, and it is where the club’s name appears in print for the first time, in a November 1967 item needling the business for drawing so large a crowd — regulars from both the morning and afternoon shifts, plus visitors from Winchester, that they nearly filled the place. (This item survives only as a search-result snippet, not a verified page image, so its exact wording is treated here as approximate rather than quoted directly.)", "claim_ids": [ "C1316", "C1317", "C1318" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Four owners, one location", "text": "The Soda Shop changed hands four times in the next decade — Racer to Johnny Dodson and Beulah Sanborn in 1967, to Maxene Estep in early 1969, to Ruth Thompson by 1971, and finally to Fred Harner — but it stayed in the same Main Street building the entire time, closing in 1978 \"after 19 years at the same location.\" Through each change the Coffee Club stayed too. Bob Buckley, one of the few members the Courier names directly, turns up meeting people at the Soda Shop in 1968 and still showing up faithfully in 1971. That year, Ruth Thompson reportedly pushed three small tables together to seat the club before finally installing one large table for them. The same 1971 item notes that when the Soda Shop was closed, members would use the Town House instead — though on at least one occasion, Buckley was the only one who bothered to show. Under Harner’s ownership later in the 1970s, the Soda Shop ran a pizza business after hours, operated by Harold Hawkins — the clearest tie of any member to the place itself, since Hawkins did not just drink the coffee, he worked the counter.", "claim_ids": [ "C1319", "C1321", "C1322", "C1323", "C1324", "C1320" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A fire, a hint of an address, and a merger", "text": "A fire did about $2,000 in damage to the Soda Shop in April 1977, and in the confusion a woman was evacuated from a neighboring building the Courier called \"the hotel\" — a detail that hints at roughly where on Main Street the club gathered, though the Soda Shop’s own exact address never appears in any source read for this story, and Berryville had more than one building known locally as \"the hotel.\" The Soda Shop reopened within the week and kept going until February 1978, when it merged with Avalon II, a restaurant \"just three doors down\" under the same ownership.", "claim_ids": [ "C1325", "C1326", "C1327" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "After the Soda Shop", "text": "Sometime after that — the record does not say exactly when — the Coffee Club left the Soda Shop/Avalon II behind entirely for the Town House, and later moved again to Jane’s Lunch, where it was still meeting at 9 a.m. on weekdays when the Times-Courier profiled it in 2004. By then the group counted Jones and Eddie Wisecarver among its surviving original members, and leaned on Guy \"Bill\" Shackleford, called, at 91, the club’s \"chairman of the board,\" to supply the town history nobody else remembered firsthand. In 2006, with Jane’s Lunch briefly closed for renovation, the club simply met at the Tastee Freez instead, the same pattern it had already shown at the Town House thirty-five years before: when the regular place closed, the club just went somewhere else, and kept meeting.", "claim_ids": [ "C1328", "C1329", "C1330", "C1331" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What this story does not say", "text": "This story does not use, describe, link to, or rely on the CCHA \"Coffee Club\" photograph of March 1969. It does not state or imply a street address for the Soda Shop; the \"hotel building\" detail from the 1977 fire story is presented only as a locational hint, with the record’s own ambiguity — two Berryville buildings were called \"the hotel\" — noted rather than resolved. It does not include Eustace Jackson or Carlton Emmart among the Coffee Club’s members: no source ties either man to the Soda Shop or the club, and their later, unrelated Bank of Clarke County board service is not used as a basis for inclusion. It does not give any of the five named men a separate biography beyond where the record ties him to the venue or the club itself, and it does not mention Guy \"Bill\" Shackleford’s Winchester Camera Club presidency or speculate about who took the 1969 photograph — that connection is not in the record. Nor does it assert an exact date for the Soda Shop/Avalon II → Town House → Jane’s Lunch transitions beyond what the record establishes: the sequence itself, bracketed by a 1979 retrospective on one end and the 2004 feature, which already describes two prior moves, on the other.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Newspaper mentions across four decades, read for what they confirm and what they leave unresolved.", "explanation": "Every claim on this page comes from the Clarke Courier and Clarke Times-Courier, 1965–2007, read via the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run at clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com. Most of the record consists of brief, incidental mentions — sale notices, a fire report, a gossip column — rather than a dedicated feature; the Coffee Club was not the subject of its own newspaper article until a 2004 retrospective. Several items were read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet rather than a verified page image, and are marked qualified rather than supported for that reason; where a passage could not be independently verified at the page level, this page paraphrases it rather than quoting it directly. No street address for the Soda Shop was found in any source read, and none is asserted here.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1315", "C1316", "C1318", "C1326", "C1328" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-black-schools-1868-1888", "title": "Before the Training School", "subtitle": "Glimpses of Black schooling in Clarke County, 1868 to 1888, as a 2000 nomination reports them", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1868–1888", "summary": "A single 2000 National Register nomination, the Millwood Colored School form, is the source for nearly everything here: a Black teacher named in an 1868 report, a free school at Millwood in 1869, a teacher appointed in 1873 and the Courier's own comment on it, county school counts for 1871 to 1888, and an 1888 school lot. Each reaches us through the nomination, not the papers, reports and deed it describes.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville-freedmens-school", "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C960", "C1335", "C1336", "C1337", "C1338", "C1339", "C1340" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Black schooling in Clarke County in the two decades after the war left names, a few dates and some counts, almost all of it through one nomination's reading of older sources. The record does not connect any of these schools to the Training School that came later.", "open_question": "The nomination names an 1868 teacher at Berryville, a free school at Millwood in 1869 and a Millwood teacher in 1873. Were these one school, or several? The sources used here do not say.", "next_step": "The 1868 Bureau report, the 1869 and 1873 issues of the Courier, the Virginia School Reports and the 1888 deed would each test what the nomination reports. None has been read for this account.", "related_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "related_reason": "The Clarke County Training School building of 1930 and the school that followed it, told on its own terms; the sources here do not link it to the schools of 1868 to 1888.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Mrs. Jackson, 1868", "text": "The earliest named teacher in the record is Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson. The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination quotes a report dated April 30, 1868, which the corpus records as a Freedmen's Bureau report by an agent named Ripley. Schools in the district, it said, were still open. The only change was in Berryville, where, in the quoted words, \"Mr. Keys has been relieved by Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson (col'd) who is a very good teacher & will build up a good school.\" The report as quoted does not name the school, say where it met, or say when it opened or closed. About Mrs. Jackson it gives a name, a description in the agent's own word, and his hope.\n\nNearly everything above and below comes from one document, the 2000 National Register nomination for the Millwood Colored School. It quotes and paraphrases older papers that this account has not seen, and where a fact reaches us that way, the text says so.", "claim_ids": [ "C960", "C1335" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "John Holmes, 1869", "text": "In July 1869, the nomination says, The Clarke Courier reported \"local results of state legislation\" under the banner \"Millwood Is In Possession Of A Sensation.\" In the nomination's paraphrase, John Holmes, \"a colored veteran who had lost a leg in the war, had set up a free school in the village.\" That is the nomination's summary of the article. The 1869 issue itself has not been read here.", "claim_ids": [ "C1336" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Nancy Jones, and the paper's own words, 1873", "text": "In 1873 the Courier announced the year's teaching appointments, among them \"Nancy Jones, col'd,\" who would be the Chapel District teacher at the Millwood School. The nomination quotes the paper's comment on the list, in these words.\n\n\"It will be seen that there are three colored teachers on the list, whose duties are confined to the instruction of colored children. The white man's government of Virginia, instead of making war upon the negroes, supplies the means and affords the opportunity for their education.\"\n\nThe paper then closed with a taunt at Northern newspapermen it called \"Radical.\" These are the words of a white local paper describing itself and the state government. They are not evidence of what the schools were like, or of what Black families wanted from them. Of Nancy Jones the quoted notice gives a name, a district and a school.", "claim_ids": [ "C1337", "C1338" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Four schools, then ten", "text": "The nomination also offers numbers. Drawing on the Virginia School Reports for 1871, 1873, 1874 and 1888, it says that only four years after the public school system was established Clarke County supported eighteen schools for white children and four for Black children. By 1888, it says, there were twenty-four schools for white children, and the Black schools had \"more than doubled, to ten.\" The nomination's own synthesis is all that was read; the reports were not.", "claim_ids": [ "C1339" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A school lot, 1888", "text": "The same nomination records a land transaction from that year. In April 1888, it says, Beverly Randolph and Mary, his wife, conveyed a 1.25-acre school lot to the Chapel District School Board for $162.50. Mary, the nomination says, had received the property through the will of her uncle, Nathaniel Burwell, and his wife, Elizabeth Randolph, in 1884.", "claim_ids": [ "C1340" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Where this account stops", "text": "That is where this account stops. The Clarke County Training School building of 1930 is told in the Training School story, linked below. The sources used here do not trace a line from any school named above to the Training School, or to any other later school. This account does not say whether the school of 1868, the free school of 1869 and the school Nancy Jones taught at in 1873 were one school or several, and it gives none of the three teachers a biography beyond what is quoted. It uses no image: the nomination's reproduction rights are unclear.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "One 2000 nomination, read for what it quotes and paraphrases from sources this account has not seen.", "explanation": "Every claim on this page rests on the Millwood Colored School National Register nomination (Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 2000). It quotes an 1868 report, two Clarke Courier items and a Courier editorial of 1873, summarizes the Virginia School Reports and cites an 1888 deed and an 1884 will. None of those was read here, so each claim is marked qualified: the chain stops at the nomination. The Courier editorial is a white local paper speaking about itself, and is not evidence of what the schools were like. No continuity from any school named here to the Training School is claimed.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1335", "C1338", "C1339" ] } }, { "id": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "title": "Bells and flowers: Armistice and Memorial Day in Clarke, 1903 to 1946", "subtitle": "How the Clarke Courier reported the days the county set aside for its soldiers, from Decoration Day at Old Chapel to the first Memorial Day after the Second World War.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1903 / 1919 / 1946", "summary": "For more than forty years Clarke kept two days for its soldiers.The Clarke Courier reported Decoration Day at Old Chapel and Green Hill from 1903, a false armistice in 1918, a welcome home for 5,000 in 1919, and Armistice Days of bells, parades and silence under the Legion post. In wartime the days turned to rain, walking and blood drives.", "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "old-chapel-opequon", "lloyd-williams-post", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1431", "C1432", "C1433", "C1434", "C1436", "C1435", "C1437", "C1438", "C1440", "C1457", "C1442", "C1444", "C1445", "C1439", "C1441", "C1443", "C1446", "C1447", "C1448", "C1449", "C1450", "C1451", "C1452", "C1453", "C1454", "C1455", "C1456" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "For more than forty years, as the Courier reported it, Clarke honored its soldiers on two calendars: Decoration and Memorial Day at Green Hill and Old Chapel in late May, and Armistice Day in November, which the Legion post made its own.", "open_question": "Who was the seventh gold star on the 1919 float, and where were the Black veterans of 1919 given their dinner?", "next_step": "Read the Courier's issues of July 1919 for the dinner, and the 1919 Roll of Honor against the county's war dead.", "related_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "related_reason": "The same war years from the home front: spotter posts, the harvest and the two victory days.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Decoration Day before the war", "text": "The oldest items here are about Decoration Day, not Armistice Day. In June 1903 the Clarke Courier said the Decoration Day services at Old Chapel were well attended, \"one of the largest crowds ever seen there being present,\" with Capt. R. S. Parks of Luray giving the oration.\n\nIn May 1912 the paper reported the services at Green Hill Cemetery in Berryville. The weather had looked threatening, but the attendance was, it said, \"possibly the largest ever registered at the annual services\" there.", "claim_ids": [ "C1431", "C1432" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A false armistice", "text": "The war ended in Berryville twice. On Thursday, November 7, 1918, the Courier's man in Washington telephoned home that Germany had signed the armistice. Berryville, \"like every town and city in the country,\" rang its church bells, blew its whistles and celebrated. A week later the paper explained itself under the headline \"That Erroneous Armistice-Signing Report\": everyone in Washington had believed it, and the signing \"was prematurely announced.\" The real armistice came four days after that celebration, on November 11.", "claim_ids": [ "C1433" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Welcome home", "text": "In June 1919 a Patriotic Committee fixed July 4 as the day to honor the county's returning soldiers: a parade at 11 o'clock, \"a big old-time Virginia dinner in the court house yard\" served by the women of the county, and a \"Welcome Home\" arch over the Town Square.\n\nThe plan printed on July 3 had the parade form near the N. & W. depot and march up Main Street. The whole county was asked to bring dinners to a basket picnic on the court house green, and the business houses would close during the parade. \"The colored veterans will march in a body in the parade,\" the paper said, and the county's Black residents were arranging a dinner for them afterward, at the Baptist Church on Liberty Street or in Josephine City.\n\nThe same issue printed \"Clarke County's Roll of Honor,\" the names the Local Board and the Adjutant General had given the Circuit Court clerk to be recorded under a state law. It ran in two lists; the second was headed \"Colored.\" Men who had served and were not on it were told to bring their proof to the clerk. The names are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.\n\nOn July 10 the Courier reported that between 5,000 and 6,000 people \"packed and jammed Berryville.\" Behind the chief marshal came a vehicle draped in white, carrying a flag with seven gold stars. The paper named six men for them: Maj. Lloyd Williams, Robert E. Russell, Oliver L. Smallwood, Wilmer W. Wiley, James W. Lanham and Oliver W. Ashby. It does not say who the seventh star was for.", "claim_ids": [ "C1434", "C1436", "C1435", "C1437" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The first Armistice Days", "text": "For the first anniversary, the Lloyd Williams Post No. 41 of the American Legion called its members to Winston Hall for Tuesday evening, November 11, 1919, and asked every veteran of the World War to help make \"this Armistice [d]ay meeting\" a success. In 1920 the Courier printed Gov. Westmoreland Davis's proclamation making Thursday, November 11, a public holiday throughout Virginia, \"to be known as Armistice Day.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1438", "C1440" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Bells and parades", "text": "In May 1921 more than 600 people went to Stone's Chapel, near Swimley, for the unveiling of a marble tablet to Robert Edgar Russell, a son of the county killed in the Meuse-Argonne. The Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post gave it.\n\nIn the Courier's Armistice Day reports of the 1920s, the day belongs to the Legion and its Auxiliary. In 1925 the parade postponed from the Fall Festival was held on the night of Armistice Day, led by a former post commander, J. F. Spates, with the Citizens Band of Winchester, the National Guard and the Legion behind him. In 1927 the Legion and Auxiliary held an Armistice Day bazaar and a parade, with an impromptu dance at the Battletown Inn.\n\nIn 1930, at the post's request, every bell in town was rung for five minutes just before eleven o'clock, the hour the guns had stopped twelve years before. Business stopped and cars halted for two minutes of silence. The post and the Auxiliary also joined the School League in a program at the High School.", "claim_ids": [ "C1457", "C1442", "C1444", "C1445" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Memorial Day's own calendar", "text": "Memorial Day kept a calendar of its own. In 1920 the Courier announced Decoration Day at Old Chapel for 4 o'clock on a Saturday afternoon, when flowers would be strewn on the graves. In 1925 Stonewall Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was placing crosses on the graves of the Confederate veterans at Green Hill, with its exercises set for May 30, while on the same page the Ladies' Cemetery Committee printed its own order of services for Green Hill on the fourth Saturday in May.\n\nIn 1927 the paper set it out plainly: the Confederate memorial services at Green Hill were \"held the fourth Saturday in May each year,\" Old Chapel kept the same day an hour later, and National Memorial Day followed on May 30.", "claim_ids": [ "C1439", "C1441", "C1443" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Green Hill in the 1930s", "text": "In the 1930s the Courier reports the Legion post holding Memorial Day at Green Hill. In 1932 the post, its Auxiliary and a detachment of the Headquarters Company, 91st Infantry Brigade, decorated the graves of all the soldiers there with flags and flowers; the Courier noted that soldiers of the Civil War, the Spanish American War and the World War lie in the cemetery. That fall the Auxiliary planned to present a flag to the Elementary School on Armistice Day.\n\nOld Chapel kept its own observance: in 1935 Col. B. M. Roszel of the Shenandoah Valley Academy gave the Memorial Day address there in tribute to the Confederate soldiers. In 1936 the county \"turned out\" at Green Hill, where Legion members, Boy Scouts and a detachment of the Berryville National Guard company arrived in automobiles and army trucks.\n\nArmistice Day had grown quiet. In 1938 the Courier said Berryville marked the twentieth anniversary \"quietly.\" The streets were nearly empty and the stores, banks and post office were closed, but the merchants had put out their flags before they locked up.", "claim_ids": [ "C1446", "C1447", "C1448", "C1449", "C1450" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "War again", "text": "In November 1941, a month before Pearl Harbor, the Courier's editorial said the armistice had ended the fighting in the first World War, \"but the peace laid the foundations for No. 2.\" In 1942 it remembered the bells and whistles of 1918.\n\nOn Memorial Day 1943 intermittent rain sent a crowd of several hundred people at Green Hill under the trees. The gasoline ban kept them from driving to the exercises, and most walked out from Berryville. For that Armistice Day the paper announced a blood donor clinic, the mobile unit's fourth visit to the county, and asked for 200 donors.\n\nOn Sunday, November 11, 1945, Berryville held a Victory Loan rally and its Armistice Day parade and program. The following May the Lloyd Williams Post held Memorial Day at Green Hill through a rain that fell harder as the program went on, and the paper announced that the graves of the soldiers of all wars at Old Chapel would be decorated, each with the flag he had served under.", "claim_ids": [ "C1451", "C1452", "C1453", "C1454", "C1455", "C1456" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "Every item here is from the Clarke Courier, read on the Library of Congress page image. The newspaper pages held for this project end in 1948, and this story ends in 1946. The record shows Armistice items in some years and not others, so it does not say the day was kept the same way every year; where the paper itself says \"each year\" or \"annual,\" the story quotes it. Old Chapel appears in 1903, 1920, 1927, 1935 and 1946. Only the 1919 items speak of the county's Black veterans, and no Black newspaper is held.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Twenty-seven Clarke Courier reports, notices and editorials from 1903 to 1946, each read on a Library of Congress page image, show Decoration and Memorial Day services at Green Hill and Old Chapel, the false and the real armistice of 1918, the July 4, 1919 welcome home, and the Legion post's Armistice Days.", "explanation": "Crowd sizes are the paper's estimates. Announcements are reported as announcements, not as events that took place. The 1919 float carried seven stars and the paper named six men; the story does not guess the seventh.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1437", "C1445", "C1443", "C1433" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-rifles-story", "title": "The Clarke Rifles: Berryville's company, 1859 to 1920", "subtitle": "How the men of Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, were remembered: a 1948 local history, and the letters and notices the Clarke Courier printed as they died.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "6 min", "range_label": "1859 / 1865 / 1920", "summary": "Berryville sent one infantry company to the Stonewall Brigade. Its story survives less in records than in remembrance: a local historian's column, and the Clarke Courier's notices and comrades' letters as the men died, from \"Jim\" O'Bannon and \"Kate\" Shepherd in 1905 to John R. Shipe and \"Uncle Bill\" Kelly in 1920.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles", "berryville", "clarke-county", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1461", "C1460", "C1459", "C1462", "C1463", "C1464", "C1465", "C1466", "C1467", "C1468", "C1469" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Clarke Rifles are remembered less in muster rolls than in what their comrades wrote as they died: who was never hit, who made his way back from Indiana to enlist, and who was still there at the surrender.", "open_question": "How many men of the Clarke Rifles were paroled at Appomattox: two, as the 1920 tribute says, or four, as the 1948 column says?", "next_step": "Read the Appomattox parole lists for Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, and Gold's 1914 roster of the company.", "related_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "related_reason": "How the county honored its soldiers in later years, at Green Hill and Old Chapel and on Armistice Day.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Before the war", "text": "Everard Kidder Meade, writing in 1948, said the Berryville company began in October 1859 as the Clarke Guards. After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, he wrote, it helped guard the Charles Town prison until Brown and his men were executed, and it was later reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, which served the four years of the war in the Stonewall Brigade as Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry.\n\nOne Berryville man's death notice, which the Courier reprinted in 1905, put him at the raid itself. John A. Blake, born in Berryville, \"was one of the party that captured John Brown,\" it said; he saw Brown hanged at Charles Town and was one of the few who guarded the coffin. He served in the Confederate army, but the notice does not say in which company, and this story does not place him in the Clarke Guards.", "claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1461" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Three captains", "text": "Meade listed the company's commanders as Capt. Bowen, who resigned; Capt. S. J. C. Moore, \"twice wounded and twice promoted\"; and Capt. J. H. O'Bannon. In his account the company's greatest service came on picket near Port Republic on the morning of June 8, 1862. Henry Kerfoot of the Clarke Cavalry rode up to warn Moore that Union cavalry was coming. Moore sent Kerfoot on to warn Jackson and placed the company so that it held the enemy until help came.", "claim_ids": [ "C1460", "C1459" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Jim and Kate", "text": "In August 1905 two of the company died \"within the last few days,\" and a comrade who signed himself \"G.\" wrote to the Courier. Jas. H. O'Bannon, he said, had come to Berryville in 1859 or 1860 to work on the Clarke Journal. He joined the Clarke Rifles, went with the company to Harpers Ferry on April 17, 1861, and was at Manassas and every engagement after, \"never having been wounded or taken prisoner.\" He rose to lieutenant and then, when Moore was promoted, to captain. After the war he published the Clarke Journal with D. Holmes McGuire.\n\nDecatur J. Shepherd had the opposite luck. He was living in Indiana when the war began and made his way \"with much difficulty\" through Kentucky and Tennessee to enlist in the company. He was wounded at Kernstown and permanently disabled at Cedar Run. The letter ends: \"To us, 'Kate' Shepherd and 'Jim' O'Bannon can never die while memory lasts.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1462", "C1463", "C1464", "C1465" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "To the surrender", "text": "In February 1920 another comrade, signing himself \"B.\" of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, wrote a tribute to John R. Shipe, who had died on January 26. Shipe had worked as a boatman on the Shenandoah before he volunteered in Co. I. The tribute follows him to the Bloody Angle, where he and John Grubbs got away when Johnston's Division was captured, and to Gordon's last charge at Petersburg. \"He and Abner Jones,\" it says, \"were the only ones of Co. I\" at Lee's surrender.\n\nMeade's column counts differently: \"Four survivors surrendered at Appomattox.\" The two accounts do not agree, and this story does not settle which is right. After the war, the tribute says, Shipe worked as a laborer and then as a tollgate keeper until his health gave way.", "claim_ids": [ "C1466", "C1467", "C1468" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The last of them", "text": "Within weeks of Shipe, G. William Kelly died. His friends called him \"Uncle Bill.\" Born in Clarke near Paris, he had once owned land that became part of the Mt. Weather estate, and his cottage on the Bluemont pike was a familiar sight; he would come to the gate and wave to his friends. The Courier called him \"the second of that famous command to pass over\" in a few weeks, and recalled that Thomas D. Gold had called him a \"good one.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1469" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "Most of this story comes from remembrance, not records. The two comrades' letters were written forty and fifty-five years after the war, and Meade's column in 1948. The 1920 tribute ends with its writer's own view of why the South fought; this story reports the facts it gives and not that view. The accounts differ on the first captain's initials (\"S. C.\" and \"S. H.\") and on how many of the company surrendered at Appomattox. The company's men are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "A comrade's letter of 1905, a tribute and a death notice of 1920 and a reprinted notice of 1905, all from the Clarke Courier and read on the Library of Congress page images, with a 1948 local history reprinted by the Clarke County Historical Association, describe the Clarke Rifles from 1859 to 1920.", "explanation": "Most of the evidence is remembrance: letters and tributes written decades later and a local history that cites no sources. The accounts disagree on the number at Appomattox, and the story gives both. Blake is not placed in the company.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1462", "C1467", "C1469" ] } }, { "id": "churches-in-war-time-story", "title": "Stars on the flags: Clarke's churches in the World War", "subtitle": "Service flags, a rector gone to France, a tablet for the first man to die and an altar of thanksgiving: the First World War in the churches of Berryville and Millwood, 1918 to 1921.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1918 / 1919 / 1921", "summary": "In 1918 Clarke's churches hung service flags with a star for each of their men. Grace Church in Berryville sent its rector to France as a chaplain and mourned Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, the first Clarke man to die in the war; Christ Church at Millwood received an altar from a mother whose two sons came home. The Clarke Courier reported it week by week, and in 1927 the Virginia War History Commission printed the churches' own lists of their men.", "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "berryville-methodist-church", "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville", "christ-church-millwood", "cunningham-chapel-parish", "lloyd-williams-post", "berryville", "millwood", "clarke-county", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1471", "C1472", "C1470", "C1473", "C1474", "C1475", "C1476", "C1477", "C1478", "C1479", "C1480", "C1481", "C1482", "C1483" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "For Clarke's churches the First World War was counted in stars on a flag, and remembered in a tablet, an altar and a list: who went, who came home, and the one man from Grace Church who did not.", "open_question": "Is the 1919 tablet to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams still on the wall of Grace Church, and does its inscription read as the Courier printed it?", "next_step": "Visit Grace Church and Christ Church to photograph the Williams tablet and the Gilpin altar, and read the Courier for the tablet's unveiling in 1919.", "related_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "related_reason": "The Berryville company of an earlier war, as the Courier remembered it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Stars on the flags", "text": "A service flag carried a star for each member of a household or congregation in the service. In June 1918 the ladies of the Berryville Baptist Church presented theirs, with eight stars, for Collins Dakeman, Harry Simonds, Robert Mesmer, Walter Hardesty, Edward Berlin, Ernest Locke, Rice Levi and Malcolm Foley. Rev. H. Parlett East received it for the church, and the pastor's address, the Courier reported, dwelt on \"the atrocities committed by the German people.\"\n\nThe same page carried the Methodist church's notice of its Soldiers' Day, Sunday, June 30, 1918, \"In honor of our own 13 soldier boys especially.\" The Virginia War History Commission, writing up the county after the war, put it simply: \"The churches of Clarke County held special patriotic, intercessory and memorial services.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1471", "C1472", "C1470" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The first son of Clarke", "text": "Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marine Corps had been baptized in Grace Church and had gone to its Sunday school as a boy. In July 1918, weeks after he died in France, more than four hundred people filled the church for his memorial service. The Courier called him \"the first son of Clarke county to make the supreme sacrifice.\" The rector read a poem written for him by Rev. J. Herbert Bean, the Methodist pastor.\n\nThe rector told how Williams had died and gave his last words as \"Don't bother about me; take care of my men.\" When his family's tablet reached Berryville the next spring, its inscription gave them differently: \"Leave Me and Go to My Men.\" This story gives both.", "claim_ids": [ "C1473", "C1474" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Rectors in uniform", "text": "Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor had come from Woodstock to Grace Church in May 1918. By August he had offered himself as an Army chaplain and left for training at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky. In February 1919 the Courier reported him home from France, where he had served \"in Gen. Pershing's Army as a Chaplain,\" and his parish gave him a reception at the Parish House.\n\nThe same month Capt. J. M. Robeson, once rector of Meade Memorial Church at White Post, Christ Church at Millwood and Emanuel Church at Boyce, came back for a short visit as chaplain of the Second Division. He had been wounded in France. On one Sunday he preached at Christ Church in the morning, at Calvary Chapel near the river in the afternoon and at Emanuel Chapel at night.", "claim_ids": [ "C1475", "C1476" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A tablet and an altar", "text": "In April 1919 the Courier reported that a tablet to Williams, given by his family, would be placed in Grace Church, \"where this heroic Clarke boy worshipped.\" As the paper printed it, the inscription gave his birth on June 5, 1887 at Nottingham, in Clarke County, and his death on June 11, 1918, in the Battle of Belleau Wood. The Commission's history says the church held a memorial service when the tablet was unveiled.\n\nAt Millwood that July, Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin of \"Scaleby\" gave Christ Church a new altar and reredos \"as a thanksgiving offering for the safe delivery of her family from the perils of war.\" Both her sons had served in France: Lieut. Kenneth N. Gilpin in the Naval Flying Corps and Capt. Donald Gilpin in the artillery. The parish monthly wrote that such gratitude was \"being felt and expressed in one form or another all over our county.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1477", "C1478" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The churches' lists", "text": "When the Virginia War History Commission wrote up Clarke in 1927, it took its account of the churches from the clergy's own reports. Grace Church counted twenty-seven men and one woman in service. Cunningham Chapel Parish counted sixteen men in the army, five in the navy, two in the marines and one in Red Cross service, and named all twenty-four. The Methodist church named eleven men in service, two in the Post Office Department and a Red Cross nurse, Miss Cora Shackleford.\n\nAt home the war meant work and money. Grace Church's children marched through Berryville each week \"with flags, music and singing\" and ended with prayers at the church. The Millwood church bought $1,000 of Liberty Bonds and sent $2,000 to Belgian and Near East relief. The Methodists joined three other churches in weekly Red Cross work and sold more than $3,000 of War Savings Stamps at a rally in June 1918.", "claim_ids": [ "C1479", "C1480" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Furling the flags", "text": "In March 1920 the Methodist church announced a service to take down \"the National and Service flags which were hung in the church auditorium at the outbreak of the World War.\" The sermon was to be \"The Patriotism of Peace,\" and every ex-service man was invited, with the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion, which was named for Williams.\n\nMembers of the post went to Grace Church that June, two years after Belleau Wood, to hear Taylor preach, and two of them hung a wreath on Williams's tablet. In July 1921 the Courier reported the plans for his funeral at Berryville: his body was to lie in state in Grace Church until the funeral, under a guard of honor from the post that bore his name.", "claim_ids": [ "C1481", "C1482", "C1483" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1921, read on the Library of Congress page images, and on the Commission's 1927 county history, read on the HathiTrust page images; the chapter can be read and downloaded on this site's Books and sources page. The church lists are what the rectors and pastors reported, not service records. The Courier and the Commission print Rev. Chambers's initials differently (\"D. B.\" and \"B. D.\"). The wartime words reported here, the Baptist pastor's on German atrocities and the paper's on \"the Hun's drive to Paris,\" are their own; this site does not adopt them. The men named are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Ten Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1921, read on the Library of Congress page images, and the Virginia War History Commission's 1927 history of the county, read on the HathiTrust page images, describe the churches of Berryville and Millwood in the First World War.", "explanation": "The Courier reported events as they happened, and in two cases plans before they happened. The Commission's lists are the churches' own reports. The two Grace Church memorials word Williams's last words differently, and the story gives both.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1471", "C1473", "C1477", "C1479" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "title": "The last roll call: the Clarke Cavalry, 1884 to 1918", "subtitle": "How the survivors of Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, met each summer for thirty-four years, raised a monument to their dead and brought a comrade home, until four were left to answer the roll.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "6 min", "range_label": "1884 / 1900 / 1918", "summary": "In 1884 the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry formed an association under the trees in front of R. O. Allen's house, and 32 answered the roll. For thirty-four years they met each summer. They led the county's effort for a monument to its Confederate dead, brought a comrade's remains home from Luray, and called the roll of the living and the dead, as the Clarke Courier reported each year, until four answered in 1918.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "berryville", "clarke-county", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "grace-episcopal-berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1484", "C1485", "C1486", "C1488", "C1489", "C1487", "C1490", "C1491", "C1492", "C1493", "C1494", "C1495" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Clarke Cavalry's survivors kept their company together for thirty-four years after the war: a monument, a comrade brought home, and a roll call each summer that grew shorter until four were left.", "open_question": "When did the Association of the Survivors of the Clarke Cavalry hold its last meeting, and who was its last member?", "next_step": "Read the Courier for the reunions after 1918 and for the death notices of J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr.", "related_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "related_reason": "The county's infantry company, the Clarke Rifles, as its comrades remembered it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Under the trees", "text": "Late in the summer of 1884 the survivors of Co. D, the Clarke Cavalry, gathered \"Under the shade of the trees\" in front of Lieut. R. O. Allen's house and formed the \"Association of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry.\" A. Moore, Jr. brought in a constitution, they elected officers, and at the calling of the roll 32 answered to their names.", "claim_ids": [ "C1484" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A monument for the dead", "text": "The next summer the survivors decided to build a monument to the Clarke men \"who were slain in battle, or died from wounds received, or sickness contracted\" in the war, and a committee, with A. Moore, Jr. as chairman, appealed to the county for help. Not everyone was pleased that the cavalry had taken the lead. A guest at the reunion of 1885 wrote that it was \"possibly just a little grating to the feelings of old infantrymen to find themselves quietly 'left out in the cold',\" but that the cavalry reunion was the best working association for the purpose.\n\nIn March 1886 the Legislature incorporated the association and let the Board of Supervisors give it ground in the court-yard square for the monument. It was unveiled fourteen years later, on Saturday, July 21, 1900.", "claim_ids": [ "C1485", "C1486", "C1488", "C1489" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Bringing Topper home", "text": "In June 1885 the survivors brought home one of their own. F. P. Topper, \"a Pennsylvanian,\" had fallen near Luray in 1864 and been buried there. His remains came to Berryville on the 10:38 train, and the Clarke Rifles escorted them to Grace Episcopal Church, where they lay under guard until three o'clock. Then the survivors of the company, under the command of Capt. J. McK. Kennerly, veterans of other commands under T. D. Gold, and townspeople on foot and in carriages followed the hearse to Green Hill, in \"one of the largest processions that ever entered the cemetery,\" the Courier said.", "claim_ids": [ "C1487" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Around the festive board", "text": "The reunions were where the company told its war. In August 1888 A. Moore, Jr. read his own narrative of the company's charge at Trevilian Station, and the Courier printed it. They were also feasts. A guest who had been to three of them wrote in 1891 that \"Time has left its impress upon many of these old soldiers,\" and that they would \"one by one drop from the ranks.\" But once a year, he wrote, the hardships of the war were \"almost forgotten in the pleasure of meeting around the festive board.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1490", "C1491" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Answering the roll", "text": "Many reunions opened with a roll call, and the Courier printed the names. In 1896 \"Thirty-two survivors of the gallant old company\" attended. At the twentieth reunion, in 1903, the members stood bareheaded while \"the roll of the honored dead was called.\" Two years later only sixteen came, and six had died since the summer before.\n\nAt the 34th reunion, in August 1918, four men answered the roll: J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr., who had presented the association's constitution thirty-four years before.", "claim_ids": [ "C1492", "C1493", "C1494", "C1495" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on the Clarke Courier's reports and letters, 1884 to 1918, read on the Library of Congress page images. The words of the appeal and of the reports (\"the lost cause,\" \"the heroic charge\") are theirs and of their time; this site does not adopt them. The roll calls show who attended, not who was living: a man absent from a list may simply have stayed home. The men named are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans, with the years each answered the roll.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Twelve Clarke Courier items of 1884 to 1918, read on the Library of Congress page images, report the founding, the monument effort, the reburial of F. P. Topper and the reunions of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry.", "explanation": "The reports are contemporary, and two letters give their writers' views. Counts are the paper's. Roll calls record attendance, not survival.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1484", "C1485", "C1487", "C1495" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "title": "Held in the North: Clarke men in Union prisons", "subtitle": "Fort Delaware, Elmira, Point Lookout and Washington: what the Clarke Courier's notices remembered of the county's Confederate prisoners, and of the Union soldier whose nursing set one of them free.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "6 min", "range_label": "1864 / 1865 / 1923", "summary": "Many Clarke men spent part of the war in Northern prison camps. Their death notices in the Clarke Courier, written decades later, kept their stories: a fifteen-year-old cavalryman held five months at Fort Delaware, a color-bearer who traded his whiskey ration for bread at Elmira and swam a river to get home, and a farmer released because his wife had nursed a wounded Union soldier back to health in her garret.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "clarke-cavalry", "millwood", "white-post", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1502", "C1503", "C1496", "C1497", "C1498", "C1499", "C1500", "C1501", "C1504", "C1505", "C1506" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Clarke men held in Northern prisons came home with stories the county's newspaper kept for decades: smallpox and whiskey at Elmira, carpentry at Fort Delaware, and a release won by a wife's care for a wounded enemy.", "open_question": "Who was Bedell, the Union soldier Mrs. Van Meter nursed in 1864, and do the prison and pension records bear out her husband's release?", "next_step": "Search the Union pension index for a one-legged soldier named Bedell wounded on the Opequon in 1864, and the Fort Delaware rolls for James L. E. Van Meter.", "related_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "related_reason": "How the Clarke Cavalry's survivors kept their company together after the war.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Fort Delaware", "text": "Thomas Wyndham was \"only 15 years old\" when the war began, his 1921 notice says. He joined the Clarke Cavalry in 1862, was twice captured, and was once held five months at Fort Delaware.\n\nDilmon Estep, captured at Spotsylvania Court House, was held a prisoner to the end of the war. \"Not having the spirit of idleness,\" his notice says, he worked as a carpenter around the prison at Fort Delaware. In 1867 he came to Clarke and built barns and houses, among them \"the old white school house and hall at Millwood.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1502", "C1503" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Mrs. Van Meter's soldier", "text": "James L. E. Van Meter, a Clarke farmer, served in a Virginia cavalry company of Rosser's Brigade and was captured and sent to Fort Delaware. His release, his 1920 notice says, came from home.\n\nIn 1864 a Union soldier named Bedell was wounded in a skirmish on the Opequon. His leg was amputated, and he was left in a house near the Van Meter farm, where a Black man, whom the notice does not name, was caring for him. Mrs. Van Meter found him there \"in almost dying condition.\" She drove to Harpers Ferry to tell the Union general of Bedell's condition, and then took him into the garret of her own house, where she nursed him back to health.\n\nAs a reward, the notice says, the general had the War Department release her husband from prison. The Van Meters and the Bedells stayed friends and visited each other for years.", "claim_ids": [ "C1496", "C1497", "C1498" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Elmira", "text": "John C. Rutherford, color-bearer of Co. F, 52nd Virginia, was captured at Cold Harbor and held at Elmira, New York, until the war was over. He often told his stories, and his 1923 tribute kept them. He was made to bunk with a comrade who had smallpox, and never caught it. In prison his clothes were \"ragged and few,\" and when he washed his underwear he held it while it dried, \"lest some one would steal it.\" The prisoners who dug ditches in water over their shoe tops were given a ration of whiskey; Rutherford never drank, and traded his for bread and meat.\n\nReleased after twelve months, he made his way home. Near Staunton a boatman wanted pay to carry him across a swollen river. Rutherford waded and swam across instead, reached Staunton that night, and walked thirteen miles to his father's house before morning.\n\nA. J. Berlin of White Post, of the Nelson Rifles, was taken prisoner at the Bloody Angle at Spotsylvania and also held at Elmira. A comrade wrote in 1907 that he endured it \"in the same quiet, uncomplaining way that characterized his life in all things.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1499", "C1500", "C1501" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Other prisons", "text": "William A. Riely of the Clarke Cavalry \"languished in a Federal prison for 15 months.\" James W. Doran of Millwood, of the same company, was held in prison at Washington. And the Courier's own editor, John O. Crown, had been a prisoner at Point Lookout. After his death his pamphlet, \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison,\" dedicated to the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, was praised by a correspondent in 1900.", "claim_ids": [ "C1504", "C1505", "C1506" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Clarke Courier notices of 1900 to 1923, read on the Library of Congress page images. They were written decades after the war, mostly from what the men themselves had told, and are retold here as the notices give them; no prison record was read. The notices' language (\"the Stars and Bars\") is theirs; this site does not adopt it. The Van Meter notice prints the general's name \"Stephenson\" and calls the man who first cared for Bedell only \"a colored man\"; his name is not known. John O. Crown's pamphlet was not found. The men named are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Eight Clarke Courier notices and letters of 1900 to 1923, read on the Library of Congress page images, tell what the county remembered of its Confederate soldiers held in Northern prisons.", "explanation": "Every account was written long after the war, mostly from the men's own stories, and none is checked here against a prison or pension record. The Van Meter release is the family's story as the notice gave it.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1497", "C1498", "C1499", "C1503" ] } }, { "id": "lloyd-brothers-story", "title": "Five sons in France: the Lloyd brothers of Clarke", "subtitle": "Charles, Grover, Linton, Thomas and Howard Lloyd all went to France in the First World War. Three came home wounded, and the Clarke Courier followed each of them home.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "6 min", "range_label": "1918 / 1919 / 1922", "summary": "J. W. Lloyd of near Berry's Ferry had five sons in the First World War, and all five went to France. The Clarke Courier followed them: two wounded in October 1918, a false report of a death, Howard's words on a Berryville street, and Charles, gassed in the Argonne, the last to come home. In 1922 the youngest, Linton, drowned near his father's house.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "lloyd-williams-post", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1507", "C1508", "C1509", "C1510", "C1511", "C1512" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "One Clarke family sent five sons to France in the First World War; three came home wounded, and the county's paper followed each one home.", "open_question": "Where did Grover and Linton Lloyd serve before they reached France, and what became of the brothers who came home?", "next_step": "Read the Library of Virginia's World War I questionnaires for the five Lloyd brothers, and the Courier for their later years.", "related_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "related_reason": "How Clarke's churches marked the same war, from the service flags to the tablet for the Legion post's namesake.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Five sons", "text": "When the Virginia War History Commission wrote up Clarke County in 1927, it set down one family in a single line: \"Mr. J. W. Lloyd had five sons in service—Charles, Grover, Linton, Thomas and Howard.\" The Clarke Courier had said it first. In January 1919 it wrote that of the seven sons of the family, \"five of them joined the army, went to France and took part in the fighting.\" In March it called the Lloyds \"one of the few in America which gave five sons to the cause of Democracy in the World War.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1507" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Wounded in France", "text": "Just after Christmas 1918 the Courier reported that Thomas Griffith Lloyd and Charles Lemly Lloyd had both been wounded in France in October, Charles on the 6th and Thomas on the 15th. Two weeks later it had to correct a rumor. Telegraphed reports from Winchester said Thomas had been killed just before the armistice; they were \"not substantiated by the Lloyd family,\" the paper wrote.\n\nBy August 1919 the paper could describe the wounds. Thomas had been hit in the hip by a machine-gun bullet at Verdun and then, as he was carried off the field, by shrapnel that tore through his leg, \"laming him for life.\" Howard had a bullet through the foot and shell shock. Charles, wounded three times, had re-enlisted in the military police.", "claim_ids": [ "C1508", "C1509" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Coming home", "text": "Howard landed in New York in March 1919 and was home in April. On the street one Tuesday night he told a group of men, \"The past ten months are the worst I have ever been through.\" And: \"If h— is as bad as what I have been through, you fellows take my advice and do better in this world—get closer to your church and your God.\"\n\nCharles was \"the last of the five soldier sons\" to come home, in November 1919. He had been badly gassed and wounded in the Argonne with the 318th Regiment, 80th Division. When he was hit, the Courier said, he swallowed the piece of tobacco in his mouth, grew sick, and had to take off his gas mask.", "claim_ids": [ "C1510", "C1511" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Linton", "text": "Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest, had served in France with Co. D, 101st Infantry, 26th Division. In February 1922, at 24, he drowned in a small reservoir not far from his father's house. All five brothers, the Courier wrote, were members of the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion.", "claim_ids": [ "C1512" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1922, read on the Library of Congress page images, and on the Commission's 1927 county history, read on the HathiTrust page images. The papers print the father's name four ways (J. W., James, James S. and Jas. W. Lloyd). The January 1919 issue is misdated \"1918\" on its masthead. The wartime words reported here (\"the Huns,\" \"lick the Kaiser\") are the paper's and the soldiers'; this site does not adopt them. The brothers are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Six Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1922, read on the Library of Congress page images, and the Virginia War History Commission's 1927 county history follow the five Lloyd brothers through the First World War.", "explanation": "The reports were written as the news came, from letters, telegrams and the men themselves. The Commission's line agrees with the Courier on the five names.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1507", "C1509", "C1511", "C1512" ] } }, { "id": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "title": "Boys in the ranks: Clarke men who went to war young", "subtitle": "Five Clarke Confederates, remembered at their deaths as having gone to war at sixteen or seventeen, \"in his 'teens,\" or \"scarcely more than a boy.\"", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1883 / 1894 / 1912 / 1924", "summary": "When five Clarke Confederates died between 1883 and 1924, the Clarke Courier remembered them as boys when they went to war: Isaac Bonham at 16 with the first volunteers, Burwell McGuire \"in his 'teens,\" Charles T. Jones at 17, W. W. Bowles at 16, and William E. Reed \"scarcely more than a boy.\" The ages are the papers' own, written years later.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "clarke-cavalry", "berryville", "millwood", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1513", "C1514", "C1515", "C1516", "C1517", "C1518", "C1519" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Courier remembered five of Clarke's Confederates as boys when they went to war; the ages are the papers' own, written years later.", "open_question": "What ages do the muster rolls and the censuses give these five men when they enlisted?", "next_step": "Compare the five notices with the men's compiled service records and with the 1850 and 1860 censuses.", "related_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "related_reason": "The company Isaac Bonham and Burwell McGuire served in, and how its survivors kept meeting from 1884 to 1918.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "With the first volunteers", "text": "Isaac Bonham was born in Berryville. By his death notice he \"went out at the age of 16 with the first volunteers that enlisted for the war from his native State,\" a private in the Clarke Cavalry, the 6th Virginia. The same notice says he served as \"special courier to Stonewall Jackson,\" and that he was captured and \"for a long time lingered in prison.\"\n\nHe did not die in Clarke. He had settled in Vicksburg in 1869, and in August 1883 he was shot there in an affray between two other men, and died the next morning. The Vicksburg Herald wrote that he had been \"interposing ... to prevent the effusion of blood.\" The Courier reprinted the Herald's account.", "claim_ids": [ "C1513", "C1514" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "In his teens", "text": "Burwell McGuire served in the same company. When he died near Berryville in January 1912, in the sixty-seventh year of his age, the Courier wrote that he had served in the Clarke Cavalry, \"he then being only a youth in his 'teens.\" He had lived in the county all his life.", "claim_ids": [ "C1515" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A lad of seventeen", "text": "Charles T. Jones of the Long Marsh district entered the Confederate army in 1864, \"when a lad of but 17 years,\" the Courier wrote at his death in February 1894, \"and shortly thereafter received a wound which disabled him for some time.\" He was a farmer, and represented his district five or more years on the county board of supervisors.", "claim_ids": [ "C1516" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The last year of the war", "text": "W. W. Bowles, born near Winchester, joined the Confederate army \"during the last year of the civil war,\" when he was \"a lad of sixteen,\" and served under Capt. Jack Adams. He later moved to Clarke, and died at his home, \"Glenvin,\" east of Millwood, in September 1924. He was 77.", "claim_ids": [ "C1517" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Buried with his badge", "text": "William E. Reed was born in Winchester and spent the greater part of his life in Clarke, where he became a grain merchant. He was \"scarcely more than a boy,\" the Courier wrote at his death in April 1924, when he entered Company C of the 12th Virginia Cavalry, in Rosser's \"Laurel Brigade.\"\n\nHe asked to be buried with two things pinned to his breast: his Confederate badge of honor, and the medal the Sunday school of Marvin Chapel gave him when he retired after thirty years as its superintendent.", "claim_ids": [ "C1518", "C1519" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on five Clarke Courier death notices of 1883 to 1924, read on the Library of Congress page images; Isaac Bonham's is the Courier's reprint of the Vicksburg Herald's. None is a service record. The ages are the papers' own, written decades after the war, and they do not all square: Bonham's notice has him going out at 16 \"with the first volunteers,\" yet in his 37th year when he died in 1883, which would make him younger than 16 in 1861. The praise (\"gallant,\" \"celebrated,\" \"with distinction\") is the papers'; this site does not adopt it. The five men are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Five Clarke Courier death notices of 1883 to 1924, read on the Library of Congress page images, each say the man went to war young.", "explanation": "Each is a death notice written years after the war, from the family's and the paper's memory; none is a service record, and the ages are not checked here against other records.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1513", "C1515", "C1516", "C1517", "C1518" ] } }, { "id": "brandy-station-story", "title": "Brandy Station, June 9, 1863: Lieutenant Allen and Sergeant Moore", "subtitle": "Gold’s 1914 history tells how Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry shot Col. B. F. Davis at Brandy Station. Allen’s service record, and William Moore’s, show what the day cost them.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1861 / 1863 / 1864 / 1914", "summary": "At Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, Gold’s history says, Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry fired his last pistol shot and killed Col. B. F. Davis of the 8th New York Cavalry. Allen was wounded that day and carried absent until he was retired to the Invalid Corps in November 1864; William Moore’s horse was shot in the same action.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1361", "C1528", "C1529", "C1530", "C1360", "C1526", "C1527", "C1523", "C1358" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Gold’s history says R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry shot Colonel Davis at Brandy Station; the service records show Allen wounded that day and William Moore’s horse shot.", "open_question": "What do the Union reports of the battle say of how Colonel Davis was killed?", "next_step": "Read the reports of Brandy Station in the Official Records of the war against Gold’s account.", "related_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "related_reason": "The company Allen and Moore served in, and how its survivors kept meeting from 1884 to 1918.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Lieutenant Allen and Colonel Davis", "text": "Gold’s History of Clarke County, published in 1914, follows the fighting of June 9, 1863, on the road that led from Beverly’s Ford, where Union cavalry began crossing the Rappahannock a little before daybreak, \"by way of St. James church to Brandy Station.\" In the woods that day, Gold wrote, was \"Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, whose attention was attracted to Col. B. F. Davis, of the 8th New York Cavalry, that day in command of the brigade.\"\n\nAllen had one load left in his pistol. He came up behind Davis, who \"made a vicious stroke at Lieutenant Allen with his sword.\" Allen threw himself on the side of his horse, and \"fired his remaining shot at Davis with an aim so true that he fell dead from his horse and Allen galloped off unharmed.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1361", "C1528" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Allen brothers", "text": "Gold’s book prints a full-length photograph of Allen, \"LIEUTENANT, 'CLARKE CAVALRY' (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY).\" Its caption says he was the eldest of three brothers in the Confederate army, and that the other two died in the service: David H., mortally wounded at the First Battle of Manassas, and A. S., at Chancellorsville.", "claim_ids": [ "C1529" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Nicholas Moore", "text": "Another Clarke man was in the woods with Allen. Nicholas Moore, Gold wrote, \"received a very severe wound from a pistol shot,\" fell forward on his horse, kept his seat, and was brought off the field.", "claim_ids": [ "C1530" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Wounded at Brandy Station", "text": "Gold’s roll of the Clarke Cavalry lists \"R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.\" His service record bears that out. In the autumn of 1864 the company still carried him \"Absent sick wounded in action June 9, 1863 Brandy Station,\" and on November 15, 1864, he was retired to the Invalid Corps at Richmond and assigned to duty under Maj. Gen. Kemper.", "claim_ids": [ "C1360", "C1526", "C1527" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Sergeant Moore’s horse", "text": "A claim in William Moore’s service record certifies that \"the horse of William Moore Sgt Co (D) 6th Va Cavy was shot in the action of June 9th 1863 near Brandy Station,\" and that a board appraised it at $375. On September 19, 1863, he signed for the money: \"W. Moore.\" Gold’s roll lists him as a sergeant promoted to lieutenant, who \"died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1523", "C1358" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Gold’s 1914 History of Clarke County, read on the page images of the hosted copy, and on cards from the compiled service records of Robert O. Allen and William Moore (National Archives, M324), read on Fold3 images. Gold wrote about fifty years after the battle; the encounter with Colonel Davis is told only in his account here. A parole card filed in Moore’s record is printed for a W. J. Moore of Company K and is not used.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Gold’s 1914 History of Clarke County, read on the page images of the hosted copy, and cards from the compiled service records of Robert O. Allen and William Moore, read on Fold3 images.", "explanation": "Gold’s account of the encounter with Colonel Davis was written about fifty years later and is the only record here that describes it. The service records confirm Allen’s wound and Moore’s horse, not the encounter.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1528", "C1360", "C1526", "C1523" ] } }, { "id": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "title": "Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marines, 1917 to 1921", "subtitle": "The Clarke Courier called him the first son of Clarke killed in France. Its reports give three dates for his death, several accounts of how he died, and his famous reply in three wordings.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1917 / 1918 / 1919 / 1921", "summary": "Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marine Corps went to France with the first contingent in 1917 and died of wounds received at Belleau Wood in June 1918, the first son of Clarke killed in France, the Clarke Courier said. Its reports give three dates for his death and several accounts of how he died, and credit him with \"Retreat? Hell, no!\" in more than one wording.", "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "grace-episcopal-berryville", "lloyd-williams-post", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "robert-edgar-russell", "john-r-castleman-jr", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1531", "C1532", "C1533", "C1534", "C1477", "C1538", "C1535", "C1473", "C1536", "C1537", "C1539", "C1541", "C1542", "C1543", "C602", "C1544", "C1457", "C1540" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Courier called Lloyd W. Williams the first son of Clarke killed in France; its own reports disagree on the day and the manner of his death, and on the words he is remembered for.", "open_question": "What do the Marine Corps records of the 51st Company, 5th Marines, give as the day and the place of his death?", "next_step": "Read his Marine Corps casualty card and the company's muster roll for June 1918 against the Courier's reports.", "related_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "related_reason": "Grace Church's memorial service and tablet for him, and the service stars on Clarke's church flags.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "Local boy now in France", "text": "On July 4, 1917, the Clarke Courier printed a photograph of a young Marine officer on its front page under the headline \"Local Boy Now in France.\" Capt. Lloyd William Williams of the United States Marine Corps, \"formerly of Berryville,\" had \"gone with the first contingent U. S. Marines for service overseas.\" He was a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, born June 5, 1887, the paper said, in Berryville. He had been appointed a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps in January 1910, and was commissioned first lieutenant and then captain in 1916.\n\nA year later, on June 27, 1918, the Courier reported that he had been promoted to major, and called him \"the first Clarke boy, so far as is now known, to be rewarded for distinguished bravery and heroism in action.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1531", "C1532" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Three dates", "text": "A week later the news was of his death. His wife, Mrs. Selina Williams, and his parents received a telegram from the War Department that he \"had died from wounds received in action on June 11.\" The Courier of July 4, 1918 said that so far as available records showed, he was \"the first son of Clarke to be killed in France.\" The same report says he was born at \"Nottingham,\" in Clarke County; the paper's earlier items said Berryville.\n\nThe dates do not agree. The notice of his memorial service, two weeks later, says he \"died of wounds received in France on June 17.\" The inscription the Courier printed in 1919 for the tablet his family gave Grace Church says he was killed June 11. A press account the Courier reprinted in July 1919 says June 12.", "claim_ids": [ "C1533", "C1534", "C1477", "C1538" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "How he died", "text": "Nor do the accounts of how he died. At his memorial service at Grace Church in July 1918, where he had been baptized, the rector said he had been slightly wounded on June 9 and taken to a hospital at Lucy, behind the lines, and that a shell falling in his room \"exploded and killed him instantly.\"\n\nIn November 1918 the Courier retold the account of a lieutenant of his company. On June 6, it said, Williams went alone into a wheat field to carry first aid to his wounded, and was awarded the croix de guerre for it. On June 11, wounded in the left arm and shoulder, he was carried to the dressing station at Lucy, where a shell exploded and mortally wounded him. A Red Cross letter the paper quoted says he was \"fatally rewounded while being carried to or actually in the dressing station,\" and \"buried at La Ferte by Chaplain Father Brady.\"\n\nIn August 1919 Father John J. Brady, a Navy chaplain, wrote to the widow: \"I did not have the honor of burying Captain Williams as he died in one of the hospitals in the rear.\" If he remembered rightly, Brady wrote, Williams had been wounded again by the fragments of a bursting shell \"while being carried on a stretcher to the rear.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1473", "C1535", "C1536", "C1537" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Retreat? Hell, no!", "text": "In July 1919 the Courier reprinted a United Press account that traced a famous American reply, credited for months to Gen. Omar Bundy, to Williams. A French major falling back along a dark road told him to follow: \"'Retreat?' the American asked. 'Hell, no!'\" His message to his battalion commander, the account says, read: \"French major ordered me to withdraw with him. Told him to go to hell.\"\n\nIn November 1919 the paper printed another version, from an article by Alexander Woollcott (the paper prints \"Woolcott\"). The story that General Bundy had answered \"Retreat hell, I just got here!\" \"was not true. But it was not sheer invention.\" An excited French officer told Captain Williams the order was to retreat, \"And Captain Williams told him to go to hell.\" Woollcott has him killed later by a random shell on the operating table in the dressing station.\n\nWhen the Courier reported his funeral in 1921, it gave the reply a third way: \"Fall back hell, We are going to advance.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1538", "C1539", "C1541" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The medals", "text": "The papers name different honors, too. The November 1918 report says he was awarded the croix de guerre; the July 1919 account says a Distinguished Service Cross was sent to his home at Berryville. The list of Clarke's war honors the Courier printed in April 1923, compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, gives him the French croix de guerre with palms and a silver star citation at Chateau Thierry, June 3, 1918. It quotes a citation for June 6, 1918: he \"continued fighting until he was severely wounded by machine gun fire, and later killed by shell fire.\" It names no Distinguished Service Cross for him.\n\nThe same list gives John R. Castleman of Berryville, an air service pilot, a distinguished service cross at Romagne, France, on October 5, 1918. In May 1921 the Courier had reported that Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal. Which medal each man received is not settled here.", "claim_ids": [ "C1536", "C1538", "C1542", "C1543", "C602" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The second son", "text": "When Robert E. Russell was killed in France that autumn, the Courier of November 28, 1918 called him \"the second son of Clarke county who has met death on the field of battle so far as official reports show. Capt. Lloyd Williams was the first.\" In 1921 a marble tablet to Russell was unveiled at Stone's Chapel, near Swimley. Its inscription says it was presented by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post.", "claim_ids": [ "C1544", "C1457" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Home to Green Hill", "text": "In September 1919 a group of World War veterans of Berryville applied for the charter of an American Legion post, and said it would be named for him. In July 1921 his body, after three years in France, reached New York and then Berryville, and was buried in the Williams lot at Green Hill Cemetery. \"On Thursday last,\" the Courier wrote on July 21, he was laid to rest \"on a beautiful slope of Green Hill Cemetery, under the everlasting shadow of the Blue Ridge.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1540", "C1541" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Clarke Courier items of 1917 to 1923, read on the Library of Congress page images. They are newspaper reports written from a telegram, letters, a rector's address and press accounts; none is a service record. They disagree on the day of his death (June 11, 12 or 17), on how he died, on the words of his reply and on his medals, and this story sets them side by side without choosing among them. The praise in them (\"gallant,\" \"hero\") is the papers'; this site does not adopt it.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier items of 1917 to 1923, read on the Library of Congress page images: reports of his going overseas, his promotion, his death, a chaplain's letter, two accounts of his famous reply, his burial and the county's war honors.", "explanation": "Each is a newspaper report written from telegrams, letters, a rector's address and press accounts; none is a service record. They disagree on the date and the manner of his death and on his honors, and the story sets them side by side.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1533", "C1534", "C1538", "C1536", "C1537", "C1539" ] } }, { "id": "fred-shackleford-story", "title": "Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, 1944: in action, or by accident", "subtitle": "The Clarke Courier first reported him killed, presumably in action, in France. A week later it reported him accidentally shot, and for four years its pages gave both.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1941 / 1944 / 1946 / 1948", "summary": "Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford of Berryville died in France on August 10, 1944. The Clarke Courier first reported him killed, presumably in action, then accidentally shot by a captured German sub-machine gun held by a companion. Its later columns said both, and the War Department's 1946 list counts him under \"Died (Non-battle).\"", "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford", "janey-lee-pope", "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1545", "C1546", "C1553", "C1547", "C1548", "C1252", "C1549", "C1550", "C1552", "C1551" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The Courier reported Fred Shackleford's death both ways, killed in action and accidentally shot; the War Department's list counts it as a non-battle death.", "open_question": "What does the Army's own report of August 1944 say of how Fred Shackleford died?", "next_step": "Read his individual deceased personnel file, if it survives, against the Courier's reports.", "related_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "related_reason": "The Courier's first son of Clarke killed in France in the World War, and how its reports of his death disagreed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The National Guard", "text": "Fred H. Shackleford went into the army, the Clarke Courier wrote, \"when the National Guard was mustered into service in February of 1941.\" He entered with Company I, 116th Infantry, 29th Division. In 1942 he spent months in the hospital with an injured knee; in September of that year his mother had word that he was out, but still reporting every morning for treatment. He left the country on September 26, 1942, the paper said, and was stationed in England until the invasion of France.", "claim_ids": [ "C1546", "C1545", "C1553" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Presumably in action", "text": "On August 31, 1944, the Courier reported that the War Department had wired his mother that he had died on August 10, \"presumably in action in France.\" The paper added that the wire \"did not state that he was killed in action.\" Because he had written his mother that day, it was assumed he was killed in battle. \"If Pvt. Shackleford was killed in action,\" the paper wrote, his was the first such casualty of any Clarke County soldier. He was 21.", "claim_ids": [ "C1546" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Accidentally shot", "text": "A week later the headline read \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot.\" A second wire to his mother said he \"was accidentally shot.\" In November the paper printed what his mother had been told: while a group of his unit was examining a captured German sub-machine gun, held by a companion, it \"was discharged accidentally.\" He died of 18 bullet wounds in his chest.", "claim_ids": [ "C1547", "C1548" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The first killed in action", "text": "Four months later, on December 28, 1944, the Courier reported the death of Staff Sergt. Janey Lee Pope in Germany, and called his death, \"so far as can be learned,\" the first of a Clarke County soldier \"killed in action in the present conflict.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1252" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Both ways", "text": "The paper's own look-back columns did not settle it. On August 30, 1945, \"One Year Ago\" said: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford is killed in action in France.\" The next week's column said: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford is accidentally killed in France while examining a captured German gun.\" In 1947, \"Three Years Ago\" said he \"dies of wounds in France.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1549", "C1550", "C1552" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The War Department's list", "text": "In June 1946 the Courier printed the War Department's honor list of the dead and missing, \"showing that Clarke county lost 26 men during the war.\" The paper noted that the list was preliminary and might contain errors. It names Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford under \"Died (Non-battle).\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1551" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Brought home", "text": "In October 1948 his body was brought home to Berryville for funeral services from his late home. The Courier wrote then that he \"was killed August 10, 1944, 14 miles south of St. Lo, France,\" and that he \"was accidentally shot while examining captured machine guns.\" It gave his birth date as May 4, 1923.", "claim_ids": [ "C1553" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on Clarke Courier items of 1942 to 1948, read on the Library of Congress page images. The paper reported telegrams, a report to his mother and a War Department list that were not seen here, and none of its items is a service record. It printed his death both ways, killed in action and accidentally shot, and this story sets the reports side by side as printed. The paper gives his mother's name as Mrs. Melvin and as Mrs. Mervin Shackleford, and his age when he went into the National Guard as 16, though the birth date it gave in 1948 would make him 17.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier items of 1942 to 1948, read on the Library of Congress page images: the reports of his death, the paper's look-back columns, the War Department's 1946 list as the paper printed it, and the report of his return in 1948.", "explanation": "Each is the paper's account of telegrams, a report and a list that were not seen here; none is a service record. They disagree on how he died, and the story sets them side by side.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1546", "C1547", "C1548", "C1549", "C1550", "C1551" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "title": "Wounded: five Clarke soldiers and what they carried home", "subtitle": "Manassas, Kernstown, Brandy Station and Gettysburg, as the Clarke Courier's death notices of 1899 to 1914 remembered them.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "4 min", "range_label": "1861 / 1863 / 1914", "summary": "Five Clarke County Confederate soldiers came home wounded, and their death notices in the Clarke Courier still remembered it decades later: a man hit at the first battle of Manassas who never fully recovered, a cavalryman crippled in the arm on the same day, and wounds from Kernstown, Brandy Station and Gettysburg.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "millwood", "white-post", "boyce", "berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1554", "C1555", "C1556", "C1557", "C1558", "C1559", "C1560", "C1561", "C1562", "C1563", "C1564" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "A wound could outlast the war by half a century. Decades later, Clarke's newspaper still named the battle where each of these men was hit, and what it had cost him for the rest of his life.", "open_question": "Do the service records and pension files of these five men bear out the wounds their notices remembered, and which battle at Kernstown was John P. Yowell's?", "next_step": "Read the compiled service records of Ritter, Chamblin, Yowell, Russell and Shearer, and any Virginia Confederate pension applications, for the dates and nature of their wounds.", "related_story": "brandy-station-story", "related_reason": "Two other men of the Clarke Cavalry, wounded at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "July 21, 1861", "text": "Samuel Ritter served in \"Captain William M. Nelson's Clarke county Infantry\" and \"was seriously wounded at the first battle of Manassas,\" his notice says. \"He never fully recovered from the wound.\" He died in September 1899, aged 84, \"one of the oldest citizens of Frederick county.\"\n\nThomas Sewell Chamblin, of an old Loudoun County family, enlisted in May 1861 in Company H, First Virginia Cavalry. He \"was wounded in the arm during an engagement on July 21, 1861, and was always partly crippled.\" His notice gives the date and not the place; July 21, 1861 is the day the first battle of Manassas was fought. He stayed in the service until he was paroled at Winchester on April 29, 1865. For many years he was president of the Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society of Winchester. He died at \"The Highlands,\" near White Post, on April 28, 1914, in his seventy-fourth year.", "claim_ids": [ "C1554", "C1555", "C1556", "C1557", "C1558" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Kernstown", "text": "John P. Yowell served in Company E, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, and \"was severely wounded at the battle of Kernstown.\" Two battles were fought at Kernstown, in 1862 and 1864, and his notice does not say which. He \"had been in ill health for a long time and suffered from wounds received in battle.\" He died at his home a mile south of Boyce in July 1901, aged 65.", "claim_ids": [ "C1559", "C1560" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Brandy Station", "text": "Thomas J. Russell was a member of the Clarke Cavalry. \"He had been a sufferer for years,\" his notice says, \"the result of a wound received during the Civil war, at the battle of Brandy Station.\" He farmed three miles west of Berryville and died at his home there in May 1902, aged 62, after two years of rapidly failing health.", "claim_ids": [ "C1561", "C1562" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Gettysburg", "text": "Thomas H. Shearer served in the Nelson Rifles, Second Virginia Regiment, Stonewall Brigade, and \"was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg.\" He was one of the best known business men of Millwood, where he kept a general merchandise store and slept in it. He was about fifty and unmarried when he died of typhoid fever in June 1899.", "claim_ids": [ "C1563", "C1564" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story rests on five Clarke Courier death notices of 1899 to 1914, read on the Library of Congress page images. They were written decades after the wounds they report, and the wounds are told here as the notices give them; no service or medical record was read for this story. Names are as the notices print them: Ritter's captain appears as \"William M. Nelson.\" All five men are on this site's roll of Clarke's veterans.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Five Clarke Courier death notices of 1899 to 1914, read on the Library of Congress page images, name the battle where each man was wounded and what the wound cost him.", "explanation": "Every account was written decades after the war, and none is checked here against a service, hospital or pension record. Chamblin's notice gives the date of his wound and not the place.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1554", "C1557", "C1559", "C1561", "C1563" ] } }, { "id": "world-war-i-overview-story", "title": "World War I: the county's soldiers, 1917 to 1923", "subtitle": "What the Clarke Courier printed about the men who went: the roll, the first killed, the wounded, and the honors.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1918 / 1919 / 1923", "summary": "The roll of veterans on this site lists 428 people who served in World War I. The Clarke Courier printed the county's own Roll of Honor in July 1919, reported the first Clarke man killed in France, followed the wounded home, and in 1923 printed the honors the Virginia War History recorded for Clarke soldiers.", "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "william-graham-reynolds", "james-lindsey", "edward-jones-wwi", "lloyd-williams-post", "clarke-courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1435", "C1533", "C1482", "C1508", "C1476", "C1116", "C553", "C554" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Clarke's World War I is in its newspaper: a county list of the men who served, the first man killed, the wounded who came home, and the honors a state history recorded five years later.", "open_question": "How many Clarke men died in the war, and does the county's Roll of Honor of 1919 match the roll of veterans built since?", "next_step": "Compare the 1919 Roll of Honor, name by name, with the roll of veterans and the Virginia War History Commission's Clarke questionnaires.", "related_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "related_reason": "The first Clarke man killed in France, from the telegram to his return home in 1921.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The roll", "text": "The roll of Clarke's veterans on this site lists 428 people who served in World War I. Many of them are known from the Clarke Courier.\n\nIn July 1919 the Courier printed \"Clarke County's Roll of Honor,\" the names the Local Board and the Adjutant General furnished to the Clerk of the Circuit Court to be recorded under a Virginia act. The list ran in two parts, the second headed \"COLORED,\" and the paper asked any man who had served and was missing from it to bring proof to the clerk.", "claim_ids": [ "C1435" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The first killed", "text": "In July 1918 the Courier reported that Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marine Corps, born at \"Nottingham\" in Clarke County in 1887, had died of wounds received in action on June 11. \"So far as available records show,\" the paper said, \"Capt. Williams is the first son of Clarke to be killed in France.\"\n\nTwo years later the county's American Legion post, named for him, heard a sermon in Grace Church and hung a wreath on his tablet there.", "claim_ids": [ "C1533", "C1482" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The wounded", "text": "In December 1918 the Courier reported that two Lloyd brothers, Thomas Griffith and Charles Lemly, had both been wounded in France in October; weeks later it reported that the telegram of Thomas's death was false. In February 1919 Capt. J. M. Robeson, a chaplain of the Second Division who had been wounded in France, was home on a visit. Once rector at White Post, Millwood and Boyce, he preached in one Sunday at Christ Church, Millwood, at Calvary Chapel and at Emanuel Chapel.\n\nSome wounds lasted. Edward Jones had been gassed at the front; in 1923 the Courier reported that he died in Detroit at 26, of tuberculosis in lungs the gas had weakened.", "claim_ids": [ "C1508", "C1476", "C1116" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The honors", "text": "In April 1923 the Courier printed a list, from the first volume of the Virginia War History, of Clarke soldiers awarded honors in the war. Among them was Capt. William Graham Reynolds of Berryville, 23rd Infantry, awarded the Distinguished Service Cross at St. Etienne on October 4, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action.\" The paper added that the volume left out James Lindsey of Boyce, who had received a medal for valor at the front, and who had objected to the Courier printing it at the time.", "claim_ids": [ "C553", "C554" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This overview rests on Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1923 already published on this site, each read on the Library of Congress page image, and on the roll of veterans, whose count grows as names are added. The men it names have their own pages, and the Lloyd brothers, Capt. Williams and the churches in the war each have a fuller story.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier items of 1918 to 1923, already published on this site and read on the Library of Congress page images, and the roll of veterans.", "explanation": "The roll's count is of people this site has found on a record of service; it is not an official enlistment count, and it changes as names are added.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1435", "C1533", "C553" ] } }, { "id": "civil-war-overview-story", "title": "The Civil War: the county's soldiers, 1861 to 1865", "subtitle": "What the Clarke Courier and the county's histories recorded of its companies: in battle, in prison, and as survivors.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1859 / 1863 / 1900", "summary": "The roll of veterans on this site lists 943 people who served in the Civil War. Berryville's company served four years in the Stonewall Brigade, and the Clarke Cavalry rode in the 6th Virginia. The Clarke Courier printed what the survivors told of battle and of Northern prisons, and followed them to the monument of 1900 and their reunions into 1918.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles", "clarke-cavalry", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "clarke-courier", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1513", "C1459", "C1526", "C1528", "C1530", "C1563", "C1499", "C1503", "C1506", "C1484", "C1485", "C1489", "C1467", "C1495" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Clarke's Civil War survives in the stories its soldiers told for half a century afterward: the companies they formed, the fights and prisons they came through, and the monument and reunions of the survivors.", "open_question": "How many of the 940 people on the roll served in the two Clarke companies, and how many in other commands?", "next_step": "Match the roll against the compiled service records of Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, and Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "related_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "related_reason": "The Clarke Cavalry's survivors, from their first meeting in 1884 to the four who answered the roll in 1918.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The companies", "text": "The roll of Clarke's veterans on this site lists 943 people who served in the Civil War. The Clarke Courier printed their reunions and, into the 1920s, their death notices.\n\nBerryville's company was organized in October 1859 as the Clarke Guards and helped guard the Charles Town prison until John Brown and his men were executed, a 1948 column by Everard Kidder Meade says. Reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, it served the four years of the war in the Stonewall Brigade as Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry. The county's horsemen rode as the Clarke Cavalry in the 6th Virginia. Isaac Bonham \"went out at the age of 16 with the first volunteers,\" a private in that company, his death notice said in 1883.", "claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1513" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "In battle", "text": "On picket near Port Republic on June 8, 1862, Capt. S. J. C. Moore of the Clarke Rifles was warned by Henry Kerfoot of the Clarke Cavalry that Union cavalry was coming. Moore sent Kerfoot on to warn Jackson and placed the company so that it held the enemy until help came, Meade's column says.\n\nAt Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry, with one load left in his pistol, came up behind Col. B. F. Davis of the 8th New York Cavalry. Davis \"made a vicious stroke at Lieutenant Allen with his sword\"; Allen fired, and Davis \"fell dead from his horse,\" Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County says. Nicholas Moore, in the woods with Allen, was badly wounded by a pistol shot but kept his seat and was brought off the field. Allen was wounded that day too; his service record, for September and October 1864, carries him \"Absent sick wounded in action June 9, 1863 Brandy Station.\" Thomas H. Shearer of the Nelson Rifles was severely wounded at Gettysburg, his 1899 notice says.", "claim_ids": [ "C1459", "C1526", "C1528", "C1530", "C1563" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "In prison", "text": "Clarke men who were captured were held in Northern prisons. John C. Rutherford, color-bearer of Co. F, 52nd Virginia, was taken at Cold Harbor and held at Elmira, New York; his 1923 tribute retells his stories of bunking with a smallpox patient and of holding his washing while it dried so no one would steal it. Dilmon Estep, captured at Spotsylvania Court House, worked as a carpenter around the prison at Fort Delaware; in 1867 he came to Clarke, where he built barns and houses and the old white schoolhouse at Millwood.\n\nJohn O. Crown, editor of the Courier, had been a prisoner at Point Lookout. His pamphlet, \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison,\" was praised by a correspondent in 1900.", "claim_ids": [ "C1499", "C1503", "C1506" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The survivors", "text": "In September 1884 the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry met under the trees in front of Lieut. Allen's house and formed an association; 32 answered the roll. The next June a committee of them, with A. Moore, Jr. as chairman, appealed in the Courier for help to build a monument to the Clarke men \"who were slain in battle, or died from wounds received, or sickness contracted\" in the war. The monument to the Confederate dead of Clarke County was unveiled on July 21, 1900.\n\nOf the Clarke Rifles, a 1920 tribute said John R. Shipe and Abner Jones \"were the only ones of Co. I\" at Lee's surrender; Meade's column says four. At the cavalry's 34th reunion, in August 1918, four members answered the roll: J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr.", "claim_ids": [ "C1484", "C1485", "C1489", "C1467", "C1495" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This overview rests on records already published on this site: Clarke Courier items of 1883 to 1923, each read on the page image; Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County; Meade's 1948 column, reprinted in the Clarke County Historical Association's Proceedings; a compiled service record; and the roll of veterans, whose count grows as names are added. It follows the county's Confederate companies. The roll also lists Clarke men who served in Union regiments. The men and companies it names have fuller stories of their own.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier items of 1883 to 1923, Gold's 1914 history, Meade's 1948 column and a compiled service record, already published on this site, and the roll of veterans.", "explanation": "The roll's count is of people this site has found on a record of service; it is not an official enlistment count, and it changes as names are added.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1528", "C1485" ] } }, { "id": "world-war-ii-overview-story", "title": "World War II: the county's soldiers, 1941 to 1946", "subtitle": "What the Clarke Courier printed of the men who went and the county they left: the home front, one family's four sons, a death in France, and victory.", "category": "Civic life & gathering", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1941 / 1944 / 1946", "summary": "The roll of veterans on this site lists 603 people who served in World War II. The Clarke Courier followed them from the county's first aircraft-warning posts in 1941 to the War Department's list of the dead in 1946, with the four Pope brothers of near Berryville, a soldier's death in France reported first as in action and then as an accident, and the night the war ended.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "janey-lee-pope", "fred-h-shackleford", "clarke-courier", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1551", "C1154", "C1161", "C1169", "C1247", "C1252", "C1253", "C1261", "C1546", "C1548", "C1256", "C1267" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Clarke's World War II is in its newspaper: the volunteers who watched the sky, the families who waited on telegrams, and a town that lit bonfires when it was over.", "open_question": "Who were the 26 men the War Department's 1946 list counted for Clarke, and does each have a place on the roll of veterans?", "next_step": "Read the 1946 list name by name against the roll of veterans and the county's own honor roll.", "related_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "related_reason": "The \"Dear Dan\" letters, the spotter posts and the Pope family, week by week from 1943 to 1945.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The roll", "text": "The roll of Clarke's veterans on this site lists 603 people who served in World War II. The Clarke Courier printed the War Department's telegrams to their families as they came.\n\nIn June 1946 the Courier printed a War Department honor list of the dead and missing, \"showing that Clarke county lost 26 men during the war.\" Its headline counted 9 killed in action and 11 who died in non-action.", "claim_ids": [ "C1551" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The home front", "text": "Before Pearl Harbor, in June 1941, H. B. Harris, commander of the American Legion post, and Townsend Burwell were forming a Clarke station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service, and asked for volunteers for eight posts to watch the sky. In May 1942 hundreds of motorists came to the schoolhouses to register for gasoline rationing cards, questioned by the teachers.\n\nIn July 1943 the War Department closed the county's three observation posts, judging that \"the danger of a large scale sustained attack from the air in this section has passed.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1154", "C1161", "C1169" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The Pope family", "text": "Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of near Berryville had four sons in the service. In May 1943 the War Department told them that Technical Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, missing since May 7, 1942, was \"a prisoner of war of the Japanese Government,\" taken in the Philippines.\n\nIn December 1944 they were wired that Staff Sergt. Janey Lee Pope, as the Courier printed his name, had been killed in action in Germany on December 19, ten days after he turned 23. So far as the paper could learn, he was the first Clarke soldier killed in action in the war. In May 1945 his brother Robert, after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, was one of the first Clarke men discharged under the point system. That October Ralph cabled from Manila, liberated: \"I'm fine.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1247", "C1252", "C1253", "C1261" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "In action, or by accident", "text": "In August 1944 the War Department wired the mother of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford of Berryville that he had died on August 10, \"presumably in action in France.\" In November the Courier reported what she had since been told: he died of 18 bullet wounds from a captured German sub-machine gun that went off while men of his unit were examining it.", "claim_ids": [ "C1546", "C1548" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Victory", "text": "The news of the war's end came over the radio at seven on a Tuesday evening in August 1945. People came into the streets of Berryville and shouted, the fire siren blew, church bells rang, and afterward bonfires burned on the four corners of the main block. By December the draft board was announcing twenty Clarke servicemen discharged in a single week.", "claim_ids": [ "C1256", "C1267" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This overview rests on Clarke Courier items of 1941 to 1946 already published on this site, each read on the page image, and on the roll of veterans, whose count grows as names are added. The home front, the Pope family and Pvt. Shackleford each have a fuller story.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Clarke Courier items of 1941 to 1946, already published on this site and read on the Library of Congress page images, and the roll of veterans.", "explanation": "The roll's count is of people this site has found on a record of service; it is not an official enlistment count, and it changes as names are added.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1551", "C1252", "C1256" ] } }, { "id": "death-register-1853-1896-story", "title": "Consumption, croup and cholera infantum: how Clarke died, 1853 to 1896", "subtitle": "What the county's death register records of how people died, by period and by race, counted from the entries on this site's deaths collection.", "category": "Land, work & community", "theme": "community", "duration": "4 min", "range_label": "1853 / 1887 / 1896", "summary": "Clarke County's death register records 2,322 deaths from 1853 to 1896. Before the war the childhood epidemics and consumption led among white deaths, and nearly half the deaths of enslaved people have no cause. From 1880 consumption and lung disease led for white and Black residents alike, about a quarter of the dead were babies, and white people were far more often old.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1568", "C1569", "C1570", "C1571", "C1572" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The register is the county's only record of how ordinary people died in these years: children taken by epidemics, adults by consumption, and a gap in age at death between white and Black residents that the counts make plain.", "open_question": "How much of the gap in age at death between white and Black residents is in the deaths themselves, and how much in who was reported?", "next_step": "Set the counts against the populations of the 1860, 1870, 1880 and 1890 censuses, by race and age, to turn reported deaths into rates.", "related_story": "josephine", "related_reason": "How freedpeople built a community near Berryville in the years this register covers.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "The register", "text": "Under Virginia's registration law of 1853, each commissioner of the revenue recorded the deaths in his district once a year: the dead person's age, color, parents, birthplace and cause of death, and for an enslaved person the name of the owner. Patricia B. Duncan transcribed Clarke County's register in a book of 2008. It records 2,322 deaths from 1853 to 1896, and every one of them is on this site's deaths collection.\n\nA single page can hold a family's worst month. Henry Edwards reported that his daughter Nancy, 9, died on December 23, 1853, of what the register calls \"putria sore throat,\" and that her sister Sarah F., 6, died of the same a week later.", "claim_ids": [ "C1568", "C1569" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Before the war", "text": "From 1853 to 1860 the register records 228 deaths of white people. Where it names a cause, the most common are the childhood epidemics, diphtheria, scarlet fever, croup, measles and whooping cough, with 32 deaths, and consumption, as tuberculosis was called, with 29.\n\nIt also records 385 deaths of enslaved people, entered under their owners' names. For 185 of them, nearly half, it gives no cause, and many have no name. One entry, under Nancy Allen, is for an enslaved girl of one year and four months, her name not given, who died of typhoid fever on February 1, 1853. Typhoid is the cause the register names most often for enslaved people in those years, with 32 deaths.", "claim_ids": [ "C1570" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "After the war", "text": "After emancipation Black residents appear in the register's main list, entered as \"colored.\" From 1880 to 1896 it records 681 deaths of white people and 386 of Black people. Consumption leads among the white deaths, with 108, and pneumonia and other lung disease follows with 96. Among the Black deaths the two run level: lung disease 74, consumption 72, each about a fifth of the whole.\n\nSilas William Ball, a laborer of 22, died of consumption in the Chapel District on November 14, 1887. A friend and neighbor, Alfred Ball, reported his death.", "claim_ids": [ "C1571" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The youngest and the oldest", "text": "In the same years about a quarter of the deaths in both groups were of babies under a year old: 164 of the white deaths and 100 of the Black. The cause the register gives most often for them is diarrheal illness, 66 of the 264, usually written as cholera infantum. Robert Elwell, two months old, died of it in the Battletown District on July 1, 1894.\n\nAt the other end of life the two groups part. 156 of the white deaths, 23 percent, were of people 65 or older, but only 47 of the Black deaths, 12 percent.", "claim_ids": [ "C1572" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Source note", "text": "This story counts what the register records, from the entries on this site's deaths collection. These are deaths someone reported to a commissioner, not death rates. Registration was uneven from district to district and year to year: the register has no deaths at all for 1860, 1862, 1863, 1869 or 1895, and only 100 for the war years, 1861 to 1865. The cause groups are this site's research groupings of 19th-century terms, not modern diagnoses, and each entry on the deaths collection keeps the cause as written. The counts by period, race, cause and age at death are a download.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Patricia B. Duncan's 2008 abstract of the Clarke County death register, counted from the entries on this site's deaths collection, with five entries quoted from her printed pages.", "explanation": "The counts are of reported deaths, grouped by this site's research categories of the causes as written; they are not rates or diagnoses.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1568", "C1570", "C1571" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-founding-1836-story", "title": "How Clarke left Frederick: the petitions and the newspapers, 1833 to 1836", "subtitle": "Three petitions, two defeats in Richmond and a tied vote that the Speaker broke, from the petitions themselves and the newspapers of the day.", "category": "How this place came to be", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1833 / 1834 / 1836", "summary": "In September 1833 a meeting at Berryville asked for the eastern end of Frederick County to become a county of its own. The House of Delegates turned the petition down in 1834 and postponed a bill in 1835. A third petition carried in March 1836, after a tied vote that the Speaker broke, and the new county was named Clarke. Its justices first sat at Berryville on March 28, 1836.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation", "berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1573", "C1574", "C1575", "C1576", "C1577", "C1578", "C1579", "C1580", "C1581", "C1582", "C1583", "C1584", "C1585", "C1586", "C1587", "C1588", "C1589", "C1590", "C1591", "C1592", "C1593", "C1594", "C1595" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Clarke was argued into being on paper. Petitions and remonstrances went to Richmond three winters running, and the newspapers followed the fight in at least eleven papers; seventy-eight of those articles survive in the digitized record, and the petitions survive in the Library of Virginia.", "open_question": "What did the Winchester Virginian print in these years? No issue of it between 1832 and 1848 has been digitized.", "next_step": "Match the names on the petitions to the census of 1840 and to the new county's first records.", "related_story": "before-clarke-opequon", "related_reason": "How the line at the Opequon, along which the county split, was laid down a century earlier.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "A meeting at Berryville", "text": "On a Saturday in September 1833, people from the eastern end of Frederick County met at Berryville to talk about leaving it. The Virginia Free Press in Charlestown reported the meeting on September 12 and said the people of the proposed county were \"almost unanimous in its favour.\"\n\nTheir petition to the legislature ran in full in the Free Press on November 21. One of its grievances was a plan for a new courthouse in Winchester and a jail to match, which the eastern district would help pay for. \"We must beg leave to enter our positive dissent to those projects,\" the petitioners wrote. To show the new county could stand on its own, they printed the count of tithables, the people on whom the county levies fell, that the commissioner of the revenue, Wilford G. Settle, had made in the district: 748 white men over 16, 1,654 enslaved people over 16 and 7 free Black men over 16, 2,409 in all.\n\nThe petition went to Richmond in December as a printed pamphlet, The Memorial and Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Eastern Part of Frederick County, praying The Formation of a New County, with sheets of signatures. The Library of Virginia still holds them. On one sheet the first eight names are bracketed together as \"Magistrates,\" the justices of the peace who lived in the district, George H. Norris and John Hay among them. The sheets that survive from that winter carry about 1,200 signatures.", "claim_ids": [ "C1573", "C1574", "C1575", "C1589" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Richmond says no", "text": "Against it came printed remonstrances from the rest of the county, signed by hundreds. \"Your remonstrants oppose the prayer of the petitioners from Berryville and its neighborhood,\" they began. The House committee on propositions, which weighed petitions, found the petition \"Reasonable\" all the same, on January 1, 1834. On January 14 the House reversed it, 76 to 53. \"So the House decided against the new county,\" the Political Arena of Fredericksburg reported.\n\nThe fight moved to the spring election for Frederick's three delegates. The Winchester Virginia Republican of March 29 printed letters on both sides. One closed by asking voters to choose \"internal improvement and the integrity of OLD FREDERICK.\" Another pointed out that the three sitting delegates all lived outside the proposed county, and warned that re-electing them would \"bar the door of petition\" to the people inside it. The sitting delegates won. A Leesburg paper, citing the Winchester Virginian, wrote that the division had \"merged every other consideration at the polls.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1576", "C1577", "C1578", "C1590", "C1591" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A second try", "text": "The eastern district petitioned again for the next session. The committee found the petition reasonable on January 21, 1835, and in February the House refused, 61 to 49, to reject it. A bill was reported on February 12, and on February 25 it was postponed indefinitely, 47 to 44. At Frederick's election that April, John B. D. Smith won votes, the Winchester Virginian said, \"exclusively on account of his exertions against the division of the county.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1579", "C1580", "C1581", "C1592" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A tied vote", "text": "A third petition went to Richmond for the session of 1835 and 1836. The legislature had meanwhile ordered a count of the people in the proposed county. Richard M. Sydnor and Wilford G. Settle finished it on November 30, 1835: 3,125 white people, 3,508 enslaved people and 160 free Black people, 6,793 in all. More of the people of the proposed county were enslaved than free. The two men refused to count enslaved people hired out to masters outside the district, \"conceiving that such slaves were not inhabitants of the district.\"\n\nThe opponents printed a new remonstrance, against \"every division of the county, but most earnestly and emphatically against the Battletown division.\" The wealth of Frederick, they argued, was \"in that corner of it where its population is not,\" and if the plan were dropped, \"our friends of the Battletown vicinity will be restored to a full participation in all the honors of the county.\" In January the Free Press correspondent in Richmond would not guess the petition's fate, \"as the most earnest opposition will again be made to it.\" On January 29, 1836 the committee found the petition, presented by Mr. Griggs, reasonable, and rejected a remonstrance against the division the same day. A bill was reported on February 18.\n\nIt came within one vote of failing. On March 5, 1836 the House divided 49 to 49 on whether to take up the bill, and the Speaker voted to take it up.\n\nThe blanks in the bill were then filled. The new county was named Clarke, \"in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke,\" George Rogers Clark, and it was joined with Warren County, made the same week from parts of Frederick and Shenandoah, to elect one delegate between them. The bill passed the House 84 to 29, and on Tuesday, March 8 the Senate passed both bills almost unanimously. \"The county including Berryville is to be called Clarke,\" the Free Press told its readers. In Fredericksburg the Political Arena wrote that the legislature had \"shorn the counties of Frederick and Shenandoah of their strength.\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1582", "C1583", "C1584", "C1585", "C1593", "C1594", "C1595" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Called and known by the name of Clarke county", "text": "The Free Press printed the act on March 24. The eastern part of Frederick \"shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Clarke county,\" and the Governor was to commission nineteen justices of the peace for it.\n\nThe justices met at Berryville on Monday, March 28, 1836. George H. Norris, the oldest of them in commission, took up the duties of sheriff; John Hay was chosen clerk of the county court and John E. Page commonwealth's attorney. Four weeks later, on Monday, April 25, Clarke held its first election. At half past four that afternoon Nathaniel Burwell had 150 votes for the House of Delegates.", "claim_ids": [ "C1586", "C1587", "C1588" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Every article we found", "text": "This story rests on the newspapers of the day, found on Virginia Chronicle, the Library of Virginia's digital archive. We searched every Virginia paper there from 1831 to 1837 and read every page of the Virginia Free Press and the Winchester Virginia Republican for those years. That turned up seventy-eight articles on the founding in eleven papers, from the Berryville meeting of 1833 to the county's first courts in 1837, and every one of them is listed on this site's evidence page. The passages quoted here were read on the page images.\n\nThe record has a gap. The Winchester Virginian, the other Winchester paper, has no digitized issue between 1832 and 1848, and the Republican survives in only a few issues of these years. Reports of the House are newspaper summaries, not the official journal. Warren Hofstra's A Separate Place: The Formation of Clarke County, Virginia, first published in 1986, tells the fuller history and pointed us to many of these papers.\n\nThe petitions survive too. The Library of Virginia holds thirty files of petitions, remonstrances and papers on dividing Frederick from 1831 to 1836, among them the census of 1835 and the dockets that record what the House committee did with each. We read every page, transcribed the names on the petitions and remonstrances, and list every file on the evidence page. The names are counted as written: a man who signed twice is counted twice, and some sheets are lost. The petitions and remonstrances for and against the Front Royal county, which became Warren, are among the thirty files.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Seventy-eight newspaper articles of 1833 to 1837 found on Virginia Chronicle, and the thirty Library of Virginia files of petitions and papers on the division, with the passages quoted here read on the images.", "explanation": "Reports of the House of Delegates are the papers' summaries, not the official journal; the letters, petitions and remonstrances are advocates' arguments; the dockets are the clerks' notes.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1576", "C1593", "C1583", "C1587" ] } }, { "id": "why-clarke-story", "title": "Why Clarke? The county's name and the man it honors", "subtitle": "In 1836 the legislature named the new county for George Rogers Clark, a Revolutionary War general born near Charlottesville. The papers spelled it both ways.", "category": "How this place came to be", "theme": "community", "duration": "3 min", "range_label": "1752 / 1818 / 1836", "summary": "The House of Delegates named the new county Clarke in March 1836, \"in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke,\" the Revolutionary War general usually written George Rogers Clark. The act itself, in the session laws, reads \"Clarke county,\" with the e, though one report that week spelled it Clark. The House journal says only that a blank in the bill \"was filled.\" Clark was born near Charlottesville, grew up in Caroline County and died in Kentucky in 1818.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1584", "C1586", "C1596", "C1597", "C1598", "C1599", "C1600", "C1601" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "The e was in the county's name from the act of 1836. The papers of that spring gave the general an e as well; he is now usually written without one, and the county's own history spells him that way.", "open_question": "Who proposed the name, and why Clark? The House journal records only that a blank in the bill was filled.", "next_step": "Look for the bill as introduced, with its blank, and the committee papers on it among the General Assembly records at the Library of Virginia.", "related_story": "clarke-founding-1836-story", "related_reason": "How the county was made, from the Berryville meeting of 1833 to the first court in 1836.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "In honor of Gen. George R. Clarke", "text": "In March 1836 the House of Delegates gave the new county cut from eastern Frederick the name Clarke, \"in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke,\" the Richmond Enquirer reported. The Virginia Free Press in Charlestown told its readers that \"The county including Berryville is to be called Clarke.\"\n\nThe same week the legislature made a second county, Warren, out of parts of Frederick and Shenandoah. A Richmond Courier report, reprinted in the Alexandria Gazette on March 12, gave the two names together: the new county \"to be called Clark, in memory of George Rogers Clark,\" and Warren \"in remembrance of Gen. Warren.\" Both bills passed the Senate \"by almost unanimous votes.\"\n\nThe House's own journal is briefer than the papers. When the bill was read a third time, it records, \"a blank therein was filled,\" and the bill passed, 84 to 29. It does not say what filled the blank or who moved it.", "claim_ids": [ "C1584", "C1596", "C1600" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Clark or Clarke", "text": "The general is usually written George Rogers Clark, without an e. The papers of 1836 wrote him both ways: the Enquirer and the Free Press gave him the e, and the Courier did not.\n\nThe county's name had the e from the act itself. Chapter 19 of the session laws, \"Passed March 8, 1836,\" says the eastern part of Frederick \"shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Clarke county.\" The Free Press printed the same words on March 24. The county government's history keeps the two spellings apart today: Clarke County \"is named for George Rogers Clark (no “e”).\"", "claim_ids": [ "C1584", "C1586", "C1596", "C1597", "C1599" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "A man from Albemarle", "text": "Clark did not come from this part of Virginia. Encyclopedia Virginia's entry on him, by Donald W. Gunter, says he was born on November 19, 1752, near Charlottesville in Albemarle County, and grew up on his family's farm in Caroline County. He made his name in the West, as \"the highest-ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War,\" in the county history's words. He died at Locust Grove, in Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1818, eighteen years before the county was named for him.\n\nHe was before the legislature that winter for another reason. Among the documents printed with the House journal is a report on old claims for supplies \"made to the Illinois regiment, under the command of George Rogers Clark.\" The report says nothing about the new county, and the journal does not connect the two.", "claim_ids": [ "C1597", "C1598", "C1601" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The sources", "text": "The newspaper passages were read on the page images at Virginia Chronicle, the Library of Virginia's digital archive, and the session laws and the journal of the House of Delegates for 1835 and 1836 on HathiTrust's scans; the three pages are shown whole above. The newspapers say whom the county was named for. None of these records says who proposed the name or why. Clark's birth, upbringing and death are from Encyclopedia Virginia, a signed reference entry adapted from the Dictionary of Virginia Biography.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "Newspaper reports of March 1836 read on the page images, the act and the House journal of the session read on HathiTrust's scans, the county government's history and Encyclopedia Virginia's entry on Clark.", "explanation": "The papers say whom the county was named for; the House journal says only that a blank in the bill was filled.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1584", "C1599", "C1600" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "title": "More than half enslaved: Clarke County in the census of 1840", "subtitle": "The first federal census of the new county counted 3,325 enslaved people. This is who held them, line by line and family by family, as the census records it.", "category": "How this place came to be", "theme": "community", "duration": "5 min", "range_label": "1835 / 1840", "summary": "The census of 1840 counted 3,325 enslaved people in Clarke County, 52.3 percent of its 6,353 people, and 161 free people of color. They were listed on 310 of the census's 538 household lines, but unevenly: the 46 largest lines held nearly half. Households headed by a Burwell held 276 people, by a Page 235.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1593", "C1602", "C1603", "C1604", "C1605" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Clarke began as a county where most people were enslaved, and where a small number of households, many sharing a few family names, held half of them.", "open_question": "Who were the 3,325? The census gives their sex and age group, never a name.", "next_step": "Set the largest lines against the county's personal property tax lists, which name owners, and against wills and estate inventories, which often name the people they held.", "related_story": "clarke-founding-1836-story", "related_reason": "How the county was made in 1836, and the count of 1835 that found more of its people enslaved than free.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "More than half the county", "text": "The federal census of 1840 was the first taken in Clarke County, made from Frederick four years before. Its assistant marshal, Jos. M. Nicklin, wrote down the head of each household and counted everyone else in it by color, sex and age.\n\nThe Compendium of the Sixth Census, printed in Washington in 1841, gives the county 6,353 people. Its slave columns for Clarke add to 3,325, 1,771 men and boys and 1,554 women and girls: 52.3 percent of everyone in the county. One woman is counted at 100 years or more. Its free colored columns add to 161. The remaining 2,867 people, 45.1 percent, were white.\n\nThe count of the proposed county made in November 1835, before the legislature created it, had found 3,508 enslaved people, 160 free Black people and 3,125 white people. In both counts more of the county's people were enslaved than free.", "claim_ids": [ "C1602", "C1603", "C1593" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "How the holdings were spread", "text": "This site read the schedule itself, line by line on the census pages: 538 lines, almost all of them households under a named head. 310 of them, 57.6 percent, list enslaved people.\n\nMost holdings were small: the median line lists 6, and 54 lines list just one person. But the people were not spread evenly. The 46 lines with 20 or more enslaved people held 1,633, nearly half of everyone enslaved in the county (49.1 percent). The ten largest held 631. No line reached 100.", "claim_ids": [ "C1602", "C1604" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The families", "text": "Grouped by the surname the census gives each head, a few names stand out. Households headed by a Burwell held 276 people, 8.3 percent of the county's enslaved, on 6 lines; one of them, Philip's, is written Burwill. Households headed by a Page held 235 on 9 lines, 79 of them on a line entered under John E Page with the abbreviation Ex, for executor. The McCormicks, whom the census writes McCamick, held 141 on 10 of their 13 lines.\n\nThen come Smith, 109 people on 3 lines; Nelson, 105 on 5; Sowers, 88 on 7; Taylor, 83 on 5, one of them a household of free people of color; and Castleman and Kerfoot, 81 each, on 8 lines and on 4. These nine surnames together held 1,199 people, 36.1 percent of the county's enslaved.\n\nThese are surnames, not proven families. The census does not say how one head was related to another, and the Smiths and the Taylors may well be several households with nothing in common but a name.", "claim_ids": [ "C1604", "C1605" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "The largest households", "text": "The six largest entries, with the heads' names as the census writes them, are Philip Burwill, 90; John E Page Ex, 79; L Lewis, 74; Joseph Tuly, 73; Geo H Burwell, 68; and Nath Burwell Sen, 67.\n\nPhilip Burwill's line is unlike any other in the county. Every age column holds a round number: 10 males and 10 females in each age group under 55, and 5 of each from 55 to 100. The figures add up on the page, but they read as an estimate rather than a count of people.", "claim_ids": [ "C1604" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Free people of color", "text": "The census counted 161 free people of color, 73 male and 88 female, on 57 lines. On 14 lines every person listed was a free person of color: 81 people, the largest James Murray's household of 13. 41 lines list free people of color beside white people, most of them in households that also held enslaved people; the census does not say whether they were servants, hired hands, tenants or kin.\n\nOn two lines free people of color and enslaved people are listed with no white person: Fairfax Taylor, with 3 free people of color and 5 enslaved, and Jacob Vanmeter, with one of each. The census does not say who they were to each other.", "claim_ids": [ "C1603", "C1605" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "How this was counted", "text": "The figures for lines and families are this site's own count of the census pages, read on FamilySearch's images of the National Archives microfilm. Every slave column on all 18 pages adds to the total the assistant marshal wrote at its foot, and the county's columns match the Compendium cell for cell. The census names only the head of each household. The 3,325 enslaved people appear as tallies by sex and age, without a single name, and a line records where people were on the census day, under the head of that household, who was not always their owner. Families here are surnames as the census writes them, with McCamick and McComick filed as McCormick and Burwill as Burwell.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "The county's totals from the Compendium of the Sixth Census (1841), and the largest lines and the free colored households quoted from the census schedule as read on its page images.", "explanation": "The census counts enslaved people under the head of the household where they were; it never names them, and a line is not proof of who owned them.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1602", "C1604", "C1605" ] } }, { "id": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "title": "Free in a slave county: Clarke's free Black people, 1836 to 1862", "subtitle": "About one person in forty in Clarke was free and Black. The county taxed them on lists of their own, and the law watched them closely.", "category": "How this place came to be", "theme": "community", "duration": "7 min", "range_label": "1836 / 1862", "summary": "The census of 1840 counted 161 free people of color in Clarke County, about one in forty. The county's tax lists of 1836 to 1862 name 302 of them, with their horses, their trades and, for a few, where they lived. Clarke wills promised freedom to others, and the law let people freed after 1806 stay in Virginia only with a court's leave.", "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1593", "C1602", "C1603", "C1605", "C1606", "C1607", "C1608", "C1609", "C1610", "C1611", "C1612", "C1613", "C1614", "C1615", "C1616", "C1617", "C1618", "C1619", "C1620", "C1621", "C1622" ], "hero_style": "community", "takeaway": "Free Black people were a small, settled part of Clarke from its founding, living in households of their own and in white households, working and paying tax under laws written to watch them.", "open_question": "How did each of them become free? The county's register of free negroes would say, if it survives.", "next_step": "Read the Clarke County court's register of free negroes and its orders granting leave to remain, and set them beside the tax lists and the wills.", "related_story": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "related_reason": "The same census of 1840, read for the 3,325 people it counted as enslaved.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "sections": [ { "heading": "One in forty", "text": "In November 1835, the count of the proposed new county found 160 free Black people. The federal census of 1840 counted 161 free people of color, 73 male and 88 female, in a county of 6,353: about one person in forty. Most Black people in Clarke were enslaved.\n\nThe county taxed its free Black people apart. Joy MacDonald read Clarke's personal property tax lists for 1836 to 1862 on microfilm and indexed every free Black person they name. \"Besides usually a separate list of free negroes,\" she writes, the master list often counted free Black people by number on a white taxpayer's line. Her index holds 704 entries from 26 yearly lists, with 302 names; there is no list for 1842. Another 91 people are counted without names, on the lines of 77 white taxpayers.\n\nMacDonald opens her book with Robert Carter III, who held land in the part of Frederick that became Clarke and who, she writes, \"manumitted over six hundred slaves over the course of many years.\" The tax lists themselves never say how a person became free.", "claim_ids": [ "C1593", "C1602", "C1603", "C1606", "C1607" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Households of their own", "text": "The census of 1840 names only the head of each household. On 14 of its lines every person was a free person of color: 81 people in all. The largest was James Murray's, 13 people, among them four boys and three girls under ten. Sylva Hall and Frank Irwin each headed a household of 10, Thos Gray one of 8, John Clifton and Hannah Robinson 6 each. Frank Irwin's household had five girls under ten.\n\nThe tax list of the same year names the heads of eight of these households. James Murray was taxed on 2 horses, Silva Hall on 2 tithables and 2 horses, Hannah Robinson on a horse and John Williams on 2 horses; Frank Irvin, John Clifton, John Diggs and Bristo Smith are listed with no property. The spellings move a little between the two records, as names did from one clerk to the next. A matching name in two records of the same year is a strong lead, not proof.", "claim_ids": [ "C1605", "C1608", "C1609" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "In other households", "text": "Not every free person of color lived in a household of their own. The census lists 76 of them on 41 lines that also list white people, most of which list enslaved people too. The two records of 1840 agree on five of these households. The tax list counts one free Black person, unnamed, on each of the lines of Algernon S Allen, Isaac Irving Hite, John Jolliffe, Richard MS Timberlake and John Wood, and the census lists free people of color in the same five households. Neither record says who they were, what work they did there, or whether they were paid.\n\nLater lists add a little. In 1843 a person named only Nanny is entered \"at BVille\", most likely Berryville. In 1851 Nancy Robinson, 65, is entered \"with Mrs S R Page\". In 1850 four people, among them Washington Newman, are entered as bound out.", "claim_ids": [ "C1603", "C1610", "C1611" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Work and property", "text": "Most lists give only an age band, such as over 16. The lists of 1851, 1860 and 1861 give 103 ages in years and 79 trades. Seventy of the trades are laborer. The rest are blacksmith, carpenter, barber, cooper, shoemaker and stone mason. Walter Howard, 60 in 1861, was a blacksmith. Robert Diggs, 22 in 1851, was a shoemaker, and the list notes \"John Kable to pay\": someone else was to pay his tax, as the lists say of 20 entries in 1843 and 1851.\n\nThe property taxed was mostly horses, with cattle, hogs, clocks and household furniture in later years. A few people had more. In 1836 Daniel Wilkerson was taxed on a carryall valued at $50, and in 1840 Kitty Wilkinson on a horse and a barouche valued at $20.", "claim_ids": [ "C1612", "C1613" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Mowen Harris", "text": "One name runs through almost the whole record. Mowen Harris is on 21 of the 26 lists from 1836 to 1862, and once more as Mowan in 1848. In 1851 he was 41 and a stone mason. By 1861 he was taxed on a horse, 2 cattle, 4 hogs, a clock and household and kitchen furniture valued at $50.\n\nIn most years from 1844 to 1851 he was also taxed on a slave, and in 1851 on three over 16. His is one of nine names on the free Black lists taxed on slaves between 1836 and 1851. The first was Thomas Whiting, entered in 1836 with \"2 tithables, 4 slaves >12, 1 horse\". Virginia law limited whom a free Black person could acquire: no slave \"other than the husband, wife, parent or descendant of such free negro,\" except by inheritance. Under that rule, a free Black person who bought a slave could buy only a member of the family. The tax lists give only numbers, and cannot show whom Mowen Harris or Thomas Whiting held.", "claim_ids": [ "C1614", "C1615" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "Freed by will", "text": "Virginia let an owner free people \"by last will in writing, or by deed, recorded in the court of his county or corporation.\" Clarke's will books, as Patricia B. Duncan abstracted them, show it happening throughout these years.\n\nThomas T. Byrd's will of February 16, 1840 \"frees man Gabriel\". It gave Ann Preston's children, Thomas Whiting called Tinko and Maria Louisa, to his niece's family in Baltimore, to be freed at 25. That September his estate's inventory listed Gabriel, Thomas Preston, about 10, and Anne Preston and her infant Maria as to be emancipated. But when the estate was settled, the executor reported that the Wymans of Baltimore had taken Thomas Whiting and Maria Louisa, Mrs. Ellen Buchanan had taken Ann Preston early in 1843, and \"rest of slaves were taken by Mrs. Maria C. NICHOLAS at the end of 1843.\" The abstracts do not say whether any of them was later freed. A man entered only as Gabriel, taxed on a horse, is on the free Black list of 1841. Nothing shows he is the same Gabriel.\n\nOther wills free people by name: James (Dr. Henry W. Snyder, 1840); John and Robin Lovet (Catharine Milton, 1841); John (Samuel Bryarly, 1844); Aaron (John Richardson, 1848); Easter, Strother and Sarepta Jane (Mary Howard, 1850); Nancy (Elizabeth N. Carter, 1854); and Fannda, who was also given 21 acres and a house on the road leading north to the Snickers Gap Turnpike (Liney Littleton, 1857). Elizabeth Crampton's will of 1845 frees all her slaves at her son's death. A will was a promise, not a release. Four years after Mary Howard's will, the inventory of her estate still listed Strother, Jane and two children, and Easter.\n\nSome wills tied freedom to leaving. Ann R. Page's of 1838 has \"Jack and Billy to be sent to Liberia\". Frederick Clopton's of 1845 \"frees Negroes and wants them moved to PA or some other free state\". Susan R. Page added in 1858 that her servants be hired out to raise money to send them to Liberia, and stay with her children if they did not wish to go.", "claim_ids": [ "C1616", "C1617", "C1618", "C1619" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "What the law required", "text": "The separate tax lists were the law at work. The Code of Virginia of 1849 told every commissioner of the revenue to return each year \"a complete list of all free negroes in his district, who are over twelve years of age, specifying their names, sexes, ages (as nearly as he can,) and trades or occupations\", and the clerk to post a copy at the courthouse door.\n\nFreedom came with a condition. Under an act of 1806, a slave freed afterward who stayed in Virginia more than twelve months \"should forfeit such right and might be sold for the benefit of the poor of the county or corporation.\" The Code of 1849 kept the rule: no one freed since 1806 might, after 21, \"remain in this state more than one year without lawful permission.\" A county court could give leave to stay, and to live in that county only, after notice at the courthouse door and proof that the person was \"of good character, sober, peaceable, orderly and industrious.\"\n\nEvery free Black person was to be registered with the county clerk every five years, by name, age, color, stature and any scar, and to carry a copy of the register. One found without it could be jailed. A second time, the Code said, \"he shall be punished with stripes.\"\n\nThis is what the law required. How Clarke's court applied it, and who had its leave to stay, are in the court's own books, which this site has not yet read.", "claim_ids": [ "C1620", "C1621", "C1622" ], "kind": "source_linked_narrative" }, { "heading": "How this was counted", "text": "The tax-list figures are this site's count of the entries in Joy MacDonald's index (2013), read on the page images of a scan of the book and checked across its three printings. The index is MacDonald's reading of the microfilm, and she notes that some names were illegible; some years' lists are short, and 1842 has none. A name is not proof of a person: the same name in two years may be two people, and two spellings may be one. Census figures are this site's line-by-line reading of the 1840 schedule, which matches the published county totals. The wills are quoted from Patricia B. Duncan's abstracts, which condense the will books. The law is quoted from the Code of Virginia of 1849.", "claim_ids": [], "kind": "editorial_note" } ], "evidence_summary": { "mode": "what_the_evidence_says", "heading": "What the evidence says", "summary": "The county's free Black taxpayers from MacDonald's index of the personal property tax lists, their households from the census of 1840, the freedoms promised in Clarke wills from Duncan's abstracts, and the law from the Code of Virginia of 1849.", "explanation": "The tax lists and the census name people but rarely say how they were related or how they became free, and a will shows what an owner intended, not what happened.", "focal_claim_ids": [ "C1606", "C1608", "C1616", "C1620" ] } } ], "entities": [ { "id": "berryville", "type": "place", "name": "Berryville", "summary": "Incorporated in 1798 and known before that as Battletown. It became the county seat when Clarke County separated from Frederick in 1836, and the railroad reached it in 1879.", "aliases": [ "Battletown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C01", "C02", "C04", "C05", "C21" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clermont", "type": "place", "name": "Clermont", "summary": "The estate where, by its own account, Josephine Williams was enslaved before emancipation. Its research supplies the short sequence of records that follows her afterward.", "aliases": [ "Clermont Farm" ], "claim_ids": [ "C16" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.019&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "county-formation", "type": "event", "name": "Clarke County formation", "summary": "Clarke County separated from Frederick County on March 8, 1836, by the county history's date.", "aliases": [ "1836" ], "claim_ids": [ "C04" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=162%2F1987-%231&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": "1836-03-08", "end": "1836-03-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "daniel-morgan", "type": "person", "name": "Daniel Morgan", "summary": "Gold's 1914 county history ties the name Battletown to tavern fighting and to Daniel Morgan. Whether his fighting produced the name is unconfirmed.", "aliases": [ "Morgan" ], "claim_ids": [ "C03", "C19" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=FIC%2F1998-%231&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "josephine-city", "type": "place", "name": "Josephine City", "summary": "Twenty-four formerly enslaved African Americans bought the land here in 1870, a 31-acre parcel inside Berryville. The state's historic-resources record counts Josephine Williams among them and calls her the presumed namesake.", "aliases": [ "Josephine Street" ], "claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07", "C08", "C18" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1998.00472.339&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1870", "end": "1870", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "josephine-school", "type": "place", "name": "Josephine City School", "summary": "Neighbors gave labor and money to the schoolhouse that went up in 1882. It was moved from its Josephine Street lot in 1930, taught home economics until 1971, and was renovated in 2002 as the Josephine School Community Museum, which opened its first exhibit on July 12, 2003.", "aliases": [ "Josephine School Community Museum" ], "claim_ids": [ "C12", "C13", "C14", "C96", "C97", "C98", "C951" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.176-177&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": "1882", "end": "1882", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "josephine-williams", "type": "person", "name": "Josephine Williams", "summary": "Enslaved at Clermont before emancipation, she sold a shirt to her former enslavers in November 1867. In Clermont's account a September 1870 plat identifies her with Lots 1 and 2 in Josephine City, and a May 1871 clerk record describes a sale of Lot 1 with her husband, Phillip Williams. Her age and death date remain unresolved in that account.", "aliases": [ "Josephine" ], "claim_ids": [ "C08", "C09", "C10", "C11", "C15", "C16" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "museum", "type": "organization", "name": "Josephine School Community Museum", "summary": "The museum makes its home in the former Josephine City schoolhouse, renovated in 2002. It dates its inaugural exhibit to July 12, 2003.", "aliases": [ "Josephine School Museum" ], "claim_ids": [ "C14", "C98" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.418&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "receipt-1867", "type": "object", "name": "The November 1867 shirt receipt", "summary": "A November 1867 receipt for a shirt Josephine Williams sold to her former enslavers, described in Clermont's account. The original is not reproduced here.", "aliases": [ "shirt receipt" ], "claim_ids": [ "C09" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "1867-11", "end": "1867-11", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "stribling-house", "type": "place", "name": "Sarah Stribling house", "summary": "A Federal-period house of about 1810 at 102 W. Main Street: residential at first, later a boarding house and tradesmen's quarters, from 1919 the Sign of the Motor Car Inn, and by one account the Battletown Inn from 1952 until it closed there by June 2015. The building is older than the inn name and outlived its use.", "aliases": [ "Battletown Inn", "Sarah Stribling house", "102 W. Main Street" ], "claim_ids": [ "C17", "C121", "C123", "C124", "C125", "C127", "C129", "C130" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2012.00031.003&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1810", "end": "1810", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "thomas-gold", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas D. Gold", "summary": "Author of the 1914 county history that carries the Battletown-name story. His preface frames the book as a Confederate-veteran remembrance project.", "aliases": [ "T. D. Gold", "Thomas Daniel Gold" ], "claim_ids": [ "C03", "C20" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=158%2F1999-%232&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ruritan-club", "type": "organization", "name": "Ruritan Club of Clarke County", "summary": "The civic club that took on the county fair in 1954 and bought the former horse-show grounds in 1960. When it was founded, and under what charter, is not in the accounts here.", "aliases": [ "Clarke County Ruritan Club" ], "claim_ids": [ "C99", "C100", "C101", "C102" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=688%2F2011-%231&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ruritan-fairgrounds", "type": "place", "name": "Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds", "summary": "The former Berryville Horse Show grounds, bought and renamed by the Ruritan Club in 1960 by a 2024 account, and in use by the 1980s for banquets as well as the fair. The grounds, the club that owns them and the fair held on them are three different subjects.", "aliases": [ "Ruritan Fairgrounds", "Berryville Horse Show Grounds" ], "claim_ids": [ "C101", "C102", "C103", "C104" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "1960", "end": "1960", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "smalley-package", "type": "organization", "name": "Smalley Package Company", "summary": "A Berryville pallet producer that a 1989 county survey named as one of the town's three major industries. When it began, who owned it, how many it employed and what became of it are all outside the record here.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C105", "C106" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nine-east-main", "type": "place", "name": "9 East Main Street, Berryville", "summary": "Archived listings name three restaurants at 9 East Main Street: Berryville Grille in 2015, 2021 and 2022, SueCat's Bistro in 2025, and Aztec City Mexican Restaurant in 2026. The listings do not establish ownership transfers or the start and end of each tenancy.", "aliases": [ "9 E. Main St., Berryville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C107", "C109", "C110" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-grille", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Grille", "summary": "A restaurant listed at 9 East Main Street in tourism and Main Street captures from 2015, 2021 and 2022, and named without an address in a Main Street portal captured in 2012. The 2015 page describes lunch and dinner with wine and beer. Its opening and closing dates are not established.", "aliases": [ "The Berryville Grille" ], "claim_ids": [ "C107", "C108" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "suecats-bistro", "type": "organization", "name": "SueCat's Bistro", "summary": "A casual restaurant with a southern-inspired menu at 9 East Main Street, in a February 2025 directory capture and on its own site that March. The site later carried an undated closing notice; the date it went up and the last day of service are not established.", "aliases": [ "Suecat's Bistro", "Sue Cat's Bistro", "SueCat's" ], "claim_ids": [ "C109", "C138" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "aztec-city", "type": "organization", "name": "Aztec City Mexican Restaurant", "summary": "A Tex-Mex restaurant at 9 East Main Street, in an April 2026 directory capture and in the county tourism listing read in September 2026, which describes Tex-Mex favorites and dishes inspired by Mexican cooking. Its opening date is not established.", "aliases": [ "Aztec City" ], "claim_ids": [ "C110" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "winston-hall", "type": "place", "name": "Winston Hall", "summary": "A two-story hall on East Main Street built by Siz Daingerfield, a Black barkeeper — 1881 by one account, 1884 by the other. Shops below, a meeting hall and theater above: the Legion recalls Post 41 meeting there from 1920 to 1938 and the National Guard renting the upstairs as an armory from 1922 to 1939. The Bank of Clarke County bought the building in 1957 and took it down in 1962 for its expansion and parking.", "aliases": [ "Winston's Hall", "the Morris building" ], "claim_ids": [ "C111", "C112", "C113", "C114", "C115", "C116" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2014.00006.112&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "millers-fruit-stand", "type": "organization", "name": "Miller's Fruit Stand", "summary": "A roadside produce business at Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road that John U. Miller Jr. remembered in 2013 as starting with a wagon of watermelons in 1942 and growing in the 1950s into a stand supplied by five greenhouses along Route 7, which he ran for more than 45 years. Distinct from the family's river farm and Watermelon Park.", "aliases": [ "Miller's Fruit and Vegetable Stand", "Route 7 greenhouses" ], "claim_ids": [ "C117", "C118", "C119", "C120" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.231.K&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "battletown-inn", "type": "organization", "name": "Battletown Inn (business)", "summary": "A hospitality name attested in 1925 at an earlier site on West Main Street and, by a 2015 account, moved in 1952 to the Sarah Stribling House at 102 W. Main, where it ran as restaurant, tavern and inn until a closure reported in June 2015. The name is not the building, and not a single unbroken business.", "aliases": [ "The Battletown Inn" ], "claim_ids": [ "C122", "C123", "C126", "C127", "C128", "C129", "C130" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.021&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "motor-car-inn", "type": "organization", "name": "The Sign of the Motor Car Inn", "summary": "An inn, garage and service station the Elder family opened at 102 W. Main in 1919, by a 2015 account, and listed in the 1920 Automobile Blue Book. A 1925 newspaper page treats it as separate from the Battletown Inn, which is reported to have taken over the house in the early 1950s.", "aliases": [ "The Sign of the Motor Car" ], "claim_ids": [ "C125", "C126" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1998.00472.066&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1919", "end": "1952", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "battletown-inn-earlier-site", "type": "place", "name": "Earlier Battletown Inn site, West Main Street", "summary": "Three descriptions, two sources, one site: where the Battletown Inn stood before 1952 is given once as a street address, once as a landmark, and once as a corner, and the three do not resolve to the same place. The 1987 National Register nomination says the site is \"where the present Lighthouse Inn now stands\" in its narrative and gives \"5 W. Main Street\" in its account of the automobile era; a 2015 article says \"the Virginia Hotel, on the southeast corner of Main and Church\". The same nomination inventories the Virginia House / Lighthouse Restaurant at 9-13 W. Main. The descriptions are kept as the sources give them and are not reconciled.", "aliases": [ "Virginia Hotel site", "Lighthouse Inn site" ], "claim_ids": [ "C122", "C123" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "tuleyries", "type": "place", "name": "Tuleyries", "summary": "An estate near Boyce whose land carried a commercial apple orchard under Upton Boyce from the 1880s — eighty-three acres of it by 1905 — and a packing shed of about 1900. Graham Blandy's will gave 712 of its acres to the University of Virginia in 1926, excluding the mansion and the land beside it. The mansion and its grounds are not the experimental farm.", "aliases": [ "Tuleyries estate" ], "claim_ids": [ "C131", "C132", "C133" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1998.00238.030&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "blandy-experimental-farm", "type": "organization", "name": "Blandy Experimental Farm", "summary": "712 acres bequeathed from Tuleyries to the University of Virginia in 1926, farmed commercially under a farm manager at first and planted as an arboretum from the 1930s. In 1976 it stopped farming for profit, leasing about 500 acres to a local farmer and keeping about 80 for teaching. Designated the State Arboretum of Virginia in 1986.", "aliases": [ "Blandy", "State Arboretum of Virginia" ], "claim_ids": [ "C132", "C133", "C134", "C135", "C136", "C137" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=%2F-%232019.0009.013&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": "1926", "end": "1926", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "hawthorne-hall", "type": "place", "name": "Hawthorne Hall (Treadwell Smith House), 100 W. Main Street", "summary": "A Federal brick house at Main and Buckmarsh, dated about 1820 by the 1987 survey, with a family account of building in three phases. A tavern from 1830 and a doctor's office and small hospital from 1887, by a 2017 local history; then the Clarke Courier shows the building at work — a children's clinic in 1931, a dress shop in 1934, and the Hawthorne Library lending books in 1935, 1939 and 1947, in the same building as the Tappans' apartments. Offices and apartments after a 2006 sale.", "aliases": [ "Hawthorne Building", "Treadwell Smith House", "Cummins Clinic Building" ], "claim_ids": [ "C139", "C140", "C141", "C142", "C143", "C144", "C145", "C146", "C155", "C156", "C157", "C158", "C159" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=121.1986.175&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1820", "end": "1820", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "berryville-passenger-depot", "type": "place", "name": "Norfolk & Western passenger depot, Berryville (1910-1990)", "summary": "A brick passenger station approved in January 1910, begun that spring and all but finished by August. The 1987 survey recorded it vacant; Norfolk Southern demolished it on July 2, 1990, after an effort to make it a visitors' center failed, and one of its iron window guards went up at Hogan's Alley in 2024. No source here records the day it opened. The survey says South First Street and a 2024 report says Station Avenue; the earlier freight-and-passenger station north of Main is a different building.", "aliases": [ "Berryville train station", "Berryville passenger station" ], "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C148", "C149", "C150", "C160", "C161", "C162", "C163", "C164" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2012.00033.001&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1910", "end": "1990", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "twenty-three-east-main", "type": "place", "name": "23 East Main Street, Berryville", "summary": "A town-owned building with a mid-twentieth-century office front on nineteenth-century rear sections, one of them a brick ell the 1987 survey says had been a livery. The fire company's own history puts a firehouse on East Main in 1935 and the building in town and police service from 1958, though it prints no street number. Police and town offices in 1987; the Fire House Gallery from January 2010 to a scheduled close in September 2019; a business incubator in Suite 202 as of 2026.", "aliases": [ "23 E. Main St." ], "claim_ids": [ "C151", "C152", "C153", "C154", "C165", "C166" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1998.00472.017&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fire-house-gallery", "type": "organization", "name": "Fire House Gallery", "summary": "A shop for handmade arts and crafts that Downtown Berryville Inc., better known as Berryville Main Street, ran at 23 E. Main from January 2010, with incubator space for start-ups. In August 2019 it announced it would close that September 30.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C152" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "2010", "end": "2019", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "project-hope-people-to-people", "type": "organization", "name": "Project HOPE – The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.", "summary": "An international health organization, EIN 53-0242962, whose tax year 2020 federal return put its headquarters on the Carter Hall land at Millwood and described the property as also serving as a conference center. Its own history page dates its incorporation to December 29, 1958 and names Dr. William B. Walsh as founder. Clarke County's assessment record carries a 2021 transfer of the Carter Hall parcel away from a grantor of that name. When it arrived, when it left, and what it held title to are not in the records read here.", "aliases": [ "Project HOPE", "Project HOPE Health Affairs", "People to People Health Fdn Inc" ], "claim_ids": [ "C167", "C168", "C170", "C172" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=107%2F1984-%2322&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": "1958", "end": "1958", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "carter-hall-millwood", "type": "place", "name": "Carter Hall", "summary": "A limestone house off Route 255 near Millwood, which a 1973 National Register survey dates to 1792–1800 and says was built for Nathaniel Burwell. The survey traces its owners to Frank E. Christopher in 1948; the Clarke Courier reported the 1929 sale to Gerard B. Lambert. Project HOPE’s tax year 2020 return described the estate as donated to it and as the site of its headquarters, and county records carry a 2021 transfer from a grantor bearing that organization’s name. How and when the foundation took title is not documented: the instrument the county’s index cites, Deed Book 124, page 616, has not been inspected.", "aliases": [ "Carter Hall on Rt 255", "Carter Hall estate" ], "claim_ids": [ "C168", "C169", "C170", "C171", "C1081", "C1082", "C1083", "C1084", "C1085", "C1086", "C1087", "C1088", "C1089", "C1090", "C1091", "C1092", "C1093", "C1094" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2008.00043.043&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "barns-of-rose-hill", "type": "organization", "name": "Barns of Rose Hill", "summary": "A community arts center in Berryville presenting live music, exhibitions, workshops, film screenings and art classes. It publishes a Berryville street address.", "aliases": [ "BARNS OF ROSE HILL", "Barns Of Rose Hill" ], "claim_ids": [ "C200", "C201", "C202", "C203", "C204", "C230" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=STAFF%2F2011-%231&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-county-education-foundation", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County Education Foundation", "summary": "An independent public charity that raises private support for students and staff in the Clarke County Public Schools. It publishes a Berryville street address.", "aliases": [ "CLARKE COUNTY EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC", "Clarke County Education Foundation Inc" ], "claim_ids": [ "C205", "C206", "C207", "C208", "C209" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-county-historical-association", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County Historical Association", "summary": "Keeps an archive of Clarke County records, photographs and newspapers for researchers, and runs a museum at what its own site calls its headquarters in Berryville. This site already cites its Proceedings as a source.", "aliases": [ "CLARKE COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION INC", "Clarke County Historical Association Inc" ], "claim_ids": [ "C210", "C211", "C212", "C213", "C214", "C215" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fish-of-clarke-county", "type": "organization", "name": "FISH of Clarke County", "summary": "A volunteer-led food pantry and clothing ministry whose stated mission is that everyone in Clarke County can get food, clothing and support. It publishes a Berryville street address.", "aliases": [ "FISH OF CLARKE COUNTY INC", "Fish Of Clarke County Inc" ], "claim_ids": [ "C216", "C217", "C218", "C219", "C220" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "shenandoah-valley-steam-gas", "type": "organization", "name": "Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association", "summary": "An association recognized by the IRS in Berryville; its own site could not be read for a description (a captcha refused every request). It publishes a Berryville street address.", "aliases": [ "SHENANDOAH VALLEY STEAM & GAS ENGINE ASSOCIATION" ], "claim_ids": [ "C221", "C222", "C223", "C224" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clermont-foundation", "type": "organization", "name": "Clermont Foundation", "summary": "Operates Clermont Farm, a 360-acre historic property in Clarke County, in partnership with the farm's owner, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Successor to the Clermont Charitable Trust.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C250", "C251", "C252" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "casey-trees", "type": "organization", "name": "Casey Trees", "summary": "A Washington, DC organization that grows trees for the capital's tree canopy on a 730-acre farm along the Shenandoah River in Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C253", "C254", "C255" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "audley-farm", "type": "place", "name": "Audley Farm", "summary": "An 822-acre tract in the Battletown district of Clarke County, carried in the county's records as account 2397, tax map 15-A-4, under the legal description “AUDLEY FARM & BUENA VISTA.” Sixteen street addresses on Audley Lane and Nellie Custis Lane belong to the one parcel. Audley holds Virginia Department of Historic Resources file number 21-4 and was documented in the state's 1989 rural survey of the county; no individual listing for it was found in the Virginia Landmarks Register master list read in September 2026. The land's owner of record is a corporation, not a party named Audley Farm.", "aliases": [ "Audley", "Audley Farm & Buena Vista" ], "claim_ids": [ "C173", "C174", "C176", "C177" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=48.1988.30&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "audley-farm-business", "type": "organization", "name": "Audley Farm (business)", "summary": "The farm business trading as Audley Farm at 752 Audley Lane, Berryville. It describes its current work as thoroughbred breeding and training, registered Black Angus cattle, beef and hay sales, and events at Audley House, and it sells beef at the Clarke County Farmers Market on Saturdays from May through October. Its legal entity is not established here: the land's owner of record is a differently named corporation that bills to the same Berryville post office box the farm publishes as its mailing address.", "aliases": [ "Audley Farm" ], "claim_ids": [ "C174", "C175", "C176", "C178" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center", "type": "organization", "name": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center", "summary": "A wildlife hospital on Island Farm Lane in Boyce that treats injured and orphaned native animals free of charge, trains wildlife veterinarians and rehabilitators, and runs education programs in schools across the region. It publishes a Clarke County address for its own premises, on land it says a private foundation provides at no cost.", "aliases": [ "BLUE RIDGE WILDLIFE CENTER", "BRWC" ], "claim_ids": [ "C260", "C261", "C262", "C263", "C264", "C265", "C266", "C267", "C268", "C269", "C270", "C271", "C272", "C273", "C274", "C275" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "enders-fire-company", "type": "organization", "name": "John H. Enders Fire Company and Rescue Squad", "summary": "The volunteer fire and rescue company serving Berryville and Clarke County, which entered its 125th year in 2025. This record carries only what the 2025 annual letter establishes about it.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C300" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.266.A&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "coiner-grand-emporium", "type": "organization", "name": "Coiner Grand Emporium", "summary": "A general store trading at 26 East Main Street in Berryville since December 2024, in the building of Coiner's Department Store. The business and the building are separate things, and this record is about the business.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C301" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "boyce-railway-depot", "type": "place", "name": "Norfolk and Western railway depot, Boyce (1913)", "summary": "The 1913 station at Boyce, under the stewardship of the Boyce Railway Depot Foundation. Distinct from the Berryville passenger depot, which is a different building in a different town.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C302" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "retreat-of-berryville", "type": "organization", "name": "The Retreat of Berryville", "summary": "An assisted living and memory care facility in Berryville, which launched an Adopt a Grandparent program for high school students in 2025.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C309" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mountain-gap-market", "type": "organization", "name": "Mountain Gap Market", "summary": "A farm market opened by the Taylor family at 119 John Mosby Highway in Paris, about five miles east of the Waterloo intersection. This record is about the business, not the premises.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C312" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wayside-farm", "type": "place", "name": "Wayside Farm", "summary": "A 120-acre family farm at 5273 Harry Byrd Highway east of Berryville, owned by the brothers Philip and Mark Shenk with Theresa and Beth Shenk, which opens to visitors in the fall.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C317" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.429&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jack-schutte", "type": "person", "name": "Jack Schutte", "summary": "A Clarke County resident appointed by the Governor of Virginia to a four-year term on the Virginia Sheep Industry Board, reported in April 2025. Nothing further about him is established here.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C305" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "conservation-easement-authority", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County Conservation Easement Authority", "summary": "The county body that holds conservation easements and publishes Take a Hike!, a guide to twelve walks in the county.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C306" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "friends-of-the-blue-ridge-mountains", "type": "organization", "name": "Friends of the Blue Ridge Mountains", "summary": "A nonprofit that, with other citizen groups, raised clear cutting, water use and traffic over a proposed Blue Ridge resort during 2025.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C313" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "friends-of-the-shenandoah-river", "type": "organization", "name": "Friends of the Shenandoah River", "summary": "The organization whose long-running monitoring of the Shenandoah supplies the data presented by The Downstream Project's WaterWatch tool, described in the September 2025 issue.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C315" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "low-water-bridge-band", "type": "organization", "name": "Low Water Bridge Band", "summary": "A Clarke County band which the county's monthly paper described in September 2025 as one of the most well-traveled and better-known musical acts to come out of the Northern Shenandoah Valley in years.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C321" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-monthly", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke Monthly", "summary": "The county's own monthly paper, published in full each month and the single source behind the 2025 annual letter. Its columns and community dispatches are cited here as what the paper printed.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C322", "C321" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alma-layton", "type": "person", "name": "Alma B. Layton", "summary": "Named as a teacher at Boyce Colored school by the Clarke Courier in July 1925 and as secretary of the Clarke County School League by the People's Journal in August 1927.", "aliases": [ "Alma Layton", "Mrs. Alma B. Layton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C87" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "boyce", "type": "place", "name": "Boyce", "summary": "Clarke County community. Named in the Clarke Courier's 1925 teacher list as having a Boyce Colored school with two teachers, and in the People's Journal's 1927 League committee as having its own representative.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C86", "C87" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bristol", "type": "place", "name": "Bristol", "summary": "Named in the Clarke Courier's 1925 teacher list as having a Bristol colored school taught by George W. Carter. The People's Journal's 1912 roster names a community it spells Bristow. The two spellings may denote one place, but that is NOT established here and the two are deliberately kept as separate names pending evidence.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C86" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-county-school-league", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County School League", "summary": "An organization named in the People's Journal in 1927 as the sponsor of a county-wide Fall Meet at Boyce, organized with one named representative for each of seven communities.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C70", "C71" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "clarke-courier", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke Courier", "summary": "Clarke County's general-circulation weekly, published at Berryville on Thursdays in 1925. Used here as a second, independent newspaper alongside the People's Journal; the two served different readerships and named the same places and institutions differently, which is why they are kept as separate independence families. Its digitized run at the Library of Congress begins in 1869 and the catalog gives the title as running to 1997, but neither endpoint is established by anything in this corpus, so no dates are recorded.", "aliases": [ "The Clarke Courier" ], "claim_ids": [ "C80", "C81", "C82" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=STAFF%2F-%232006.00020.001&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "et-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "Rev. E. T. Johnson", "summary": "Named by the People's Journal in 1924 as pastor of the Free Baptist Church and principal of the Berryville school, and by the Clarke Courier in 1925 as a teacher at the Josephine colored school and as president of the county's Black school league. Named again as League president by the People's Journal in 1927. He is the strongest single bridge between the two newspapers in this corpus.", "aliases": [ "E. T. Johnson", "E T. Johnson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C80", "C81", "C83", "C84", "C85" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fannie-jenkins", "type": "person", "name": "Fannie Jenkins", "summary": "Named as an assistant at the Berryville school by the People's Journal in October 1924 and as a teacher at the Josephine colored school by the Clarke Courier in July 1925. Spelled Fanny by the first and Fannie by the second.", "aliases": [ "Miss Fanny Jenkins", "Fanny Jenkins" ], "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=48.1986.6&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "florine-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "Florine Johnson", "summary": "Named as a teacher at the Josephine colored school by the Clarke Courier in July 1925. The People's Journal's 'Mrs. F. Johnson', an assistant at the Berryville school in October 1924, is probably the same person, but that reads an initial as a name and is recorded as probable rather than settled.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. F. Johnson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-cooper", "type": "person", "name": "George Cooper", "summary": "Named by the People's Journal in 1910 as killed by a freight train at the Josephine City crossing.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C66" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gld-harris", "type": "person", "name": "G. L. D. Harris", "summary": "Editor and proprietor of the People's Journal, Berryville, named in that role from 1899 to 1927, and a signatory as a retired public-school teacher in 1925. Everything known of him here comes from his own newspaper.", "aliases": [ "G. L. D. Harris, Editor and Proprietor" ], "claim_ids": [ "C67", "C68", "C69" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "josephine-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "Josephine Johnson", "summary": "Advertised a lunch room in Josephine City in the People's Journal in March 1925 and again in August 1927.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Josephine Johnson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C64" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louisville", "type": "place", "name": "Louisville", "summary": "Clarke County community. Named in the People's Journal's rosters and in the Clarke Courier's 1925 teacher list as having a Black school, and in the People's Journal's 1927 League committee as having its own representative. The two papers name different teachers nine months apart and neither says why. Maral S. Kalbian's 1992 survey of Clarke County, which spells the name Lewisville, names the community among the Black communities that arose after the Civil War, recommends it for intensive survey alongside Josephine City, and lists a Lewisville School, number 21-307, in its table of earlier-surveyed schools. The two spellings are treated here as one community; each source is reported in the spelling it uses.", "aliases": [ "Lewisville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C86", "C382", "C383", "C384" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lucy-franklin", "type": "person", "name": "Lucy Franklin", "summary": "Advertised her Josephine City residence for autumn and winter boarders in the People's Journal in January 1912.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Lucy Franklin" ], "claim_ids": [ "C63" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "millwood", "type": "place", "name": "Millwood", "summary": "Clarke County community. Named in the Clarke Courier's 1925 teacher list as having a Millwood Colored school with a principal and two assistants, and in the People's Journal's 1927 League committee as having its own representative.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C86" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "peoples-journal", "type": "organization", "name": "The People's Journal", "summary": "A monthly newspaper published at Berryville, Clarke County, and described by its own running head as established in 1895. Eighteen issues covering 1899 to 1927 survive in digitised form.", "aliases": [ "People's Journal", "The Peoples Journal" ], "claim_ids": [ "C67", "C68" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2016.00026.001&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": "1899", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "stone-bridge", "type": "place", "name": "Stone Bridge", "summary": "A Clarke County community named in the 1927 Clarke County School League committee list, with Jno. Toggins as its representative. Not otherwise named in the sources gathered here.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C71" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=7%2F1985-%23132&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sw-brown", "type": "person", "name": "S. W. Brown", "summary": "Advertised a grocery store in Josephine City in the People's Journal from 1910, styled Elder in the paper's other columns.", "aliases": [ "Elder S. W. Brown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C62" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "webbtown", "type": "place", "name": "Webbtown", "summary": "A Clarke County community named in the 1927 Clarke County School League committee list, with Geo. Carter as its representative. The same name appears elsewhere in the paper as a subscriber address.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C71" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "white-post", "type": "place", "name": "White Post", "summary": "Clarke County community. Named in the People's Journal's 1924 roster as having a school taught by a Miss Mitchell, in the Clarke Courier's 1925 list as White Post Colored with Estelle Mitchell and Margaretta Richarson, and in the People's Journal's 1927 League committee as having its own representative.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C86" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2004.00062.002&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-county", "type": "place", "name": "Clarke County", "summary": "The Virginia county these census figures are tabulated for. The Census Bureau counted 7,165 residents on January 1, 1920 and 7,167 on April 1, 1930. Virginia's independent cities are tabulated separately from counties and Clarke contains none, so the county total is the whole tabulated population.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C349", "C350", "C351", "C352" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=158%2F2003-%2337&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "millwood-colored-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Millwood Colored School", "summary": "A Black school listed as Millwood Colored in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, with J. P. Rier as principal and Louise Bannister and Clarissa Layton as teachers.", "aliases": [ "Millwood Colored" ], "claim_ids": [ "C361", "C957" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=219%2F2000-%231&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "white-post-colored-school", "type": "organization", "name": "White Post Colored School", "summary": "A Black school listed as White Post Colored in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, with Estelle Mitchell and Margaretta Richarson as teachers, though the paper's schedule that October names Emma E. Alexander for White Post.", "aliases": [ "White Post Colored" ], "claim_ids": [ "C362", "C958", "C959" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1998.00409.029&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louisville-colored-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Louisville Colored School", "summary": "A Black school listed as Louisville colored in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, with Emma E. Alexander as teacher, though the paper's schedule that October names Estelle Mitchell for Louisville. The 1992 Kalbian survey lists a Lewisville School, number 21-307, in its table of earlier-surveyed schools; it is treated here as the same school under another spelling, an editorial ruling that no source itself states and that does not locate any building.", "aliases": [ "Louisville colored", "Lewisville School" ], "claim_ids": [ "C363", "C383" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bristol-colored-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Bristol Colored School", "summary": "A Black school listed as Bristol colored in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, with George W. Carter as teacher; whether Bristol is the place the People's Journal spells Bristow is not established.", "aliases": [ "Bristol colored" ], "claim_ids": [ "C364" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-high-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville High School", "summary": "A Berryville public school whose staff for the 1925-26 session the Clarke Courier listed under principal D. G. Cooley, from high school teachers down to the first grade, and whose Junior League gave $10 to Shenandoah Valley, Inc. in January 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C365", "C366" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=758%2F2017-%2315&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "boyce-high-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Boyce High School", "summary": "A Boyce public school whose staff for the 1925-26 session the Clarke Courier listed with Winter Royston as principal and teachers for agriculture, home economics, the high school and every grade from the first to the seventh.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C367" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=158%2F1997-%233&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "hawthorne-schoolhouse", "type": "place", "name": "Hawthorne Schoolhouse", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Hawthorne Schoolhse, number 21-247, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [ "Hawthorne Schoolhse" ], "claim_ids": [ "C368" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.247&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gaylord-school", "type": "place", "name": "Gaylord School", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Gaylord School, number 21-332, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C369" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.332&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "riverside-school", "type": "place", "name": "Riverside School", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Riverside School, number 21-431, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C370" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=1992.00115.005&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "meades-school", "type": "place", "name": "Meade's School", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Meade's School, number 21-659, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C371" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.659&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "valley-view-school", "type": "place", "name": "Valley View School", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Valley View School, number 21-705, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C372" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2002.00056.008&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "pages-school", "type": "place", "name": "Page's School", "summary": "A schoolhouse listed as Page's School, number 21-706, among the schools from past rural surveys in a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C373" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.706&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mt-carmel-school", "type": "place", "name": "Mt. Carmel School", "summary": "A rural schoolhouse, number 21-932, that a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County documented and presented as a typical example of the county's small rural schools.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C374" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2002.00056.004&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "high-meadows-schoolhouse", "type": "place", "name": "High Meadows schoolhouse", "summary": "A stone schoolhouse at High Meadows, number 21-936, which a 1992 architectural survey of Clarke County says was built as a private school for the owners of the property.", "aliases": [ "Schoolhouse, High Meadows" ], "claim_ids": [ "C375" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-ame-church", "type": "organization", "name": "A.M.E. Church, Berryville", "summary": "An A.M.E. congregation listed in the People's Journal's church directory as A.M.E. Church, Berryville, with Rev. Geo. Lee as pastor in June 1910. Later directory entries name an A.M.E. church with Rev. A. J. Nixon (January 1912) and Rev. R. A. Mays (February 1914) without naming the town; a May 1913 notice says Nixon had held Berryville.", "aliases": [ "A.M.E. Church" ], "claim_ids": [ "C376", "C377" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "josephine-city-primitive-baptist", "type": "organization", "name": "Primitive Baptist Congregation, Josephine City", "summary": "A Primitive Baptist congregation that the People's Journal's church directory listed at Josephine City, preaching every fourth Sunday under Robert Williams, in January 1912 and February 1914. A May 1913 notice has Rev. Robert Williams of Millwood holding meeting there every fourth Sunday without naming a denomination.", "aliases": [ "Primitive Baptist" ], "claim_ids": [ "C60", "C378" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "taylors-chapel", "type": "organization", "name": "Taylors' Chapel", "summary": "A congregation that the People's Journal named in April 1925 together with Ivanhoe A.M.E. Church, under one pastor, Rev. W. J. White; where it stood is not recorded.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C379" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bristow-baptist-church", "type": "organization", "name": "Bristow Baptist Church", "summary": "A congregation listed in the People's Journal's October 1924 program for a church rally at Rippon, W. Va.; whether Bristow is the place the Clarke Courier spells Bristol is not established.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C380" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "quality-hill", "type": "place", "name": "Quality Hill", "summary": "A locality named in the People's Journal in April 1924 as the place where Stephen L. Green had built another room onto his house; where it lay is not recorded.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C381" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-mechanics-liens", "type": "object", "name": "Clarke County Mechanics Liens, 1870–1904", "summary": "A Clarke County court record series of mechanics liens, 1870–1904, which the 2014 Josephine City Historic District nomination describes as giving rare documentation about dwellings in Josephine City in the mid-1870s and 1880s.", "aliases": [ "Mechanics Liens (1870–1904)" ], "claim_ids": [ "C385" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "1870", "end": "1904", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "galilean-fishermen-society", "type": "organization", "name": "Galilean Fishermen Society", "summary": "A fraternal society that the People's Journal listed as meeting on the first and third Thursday of each month in 1910 and 1912, and reported turning out in full regalia at a funeral in 1910.", "aliases": [ "Galilean Fishermen", "Gallean Fishermen", "Gallean Fishermen Society" ], "claim_ids": [ "C386", "C387", "C388", "C1174" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gideons-tabernacle-no-14", "type": "organization", "name": "Gideon's Tabernacle No. 14", "summary": "A numbered tabernacle whose resolution of respect, naming Cora B. Jones as ex-Scribe, the People's Journal printed in June 1910; the order it belonged to is not stated.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C389", "C1112" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rose-of-sharon-juvenile-tabernacle-no-61", "type": "organization", "name": "Rose of Sharon Juvenile Tabernacle No. 61", "summary": "A juvenile tabernacle at Berryville whose resolution, naming Edward M. Jones as R.W.S., the People's Journal printed in June 1910.", "aliases": [ "Rose of Sharn Juvenile Tab. No. 61", "Rose of Sharn Juvenils, Tab. No. 61" ], "claim_ids": [ "C390", "C1112" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-knights-of-pythias-lodge-213", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 213", "summary": "A Knights of Pythias lodge that, with Eastern Star Courts of Calanthe No. 239, announced a second annual picnic at Bell's Grove, east of Berryville, in the People's Journal of August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 213" ], "claim_ids": [ "C391", "C392" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "courts-of-calanthe-no-239", "type": "organization", "name": "Eastern Star Courts of Calanthe No. 239", "summary": "A Court of Calanthe that, with Berryville Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 213, announced a second annual picnic at Bell's Grove, east of Berryville, in the People's Journal of August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Courts of Calanthe No. 239" ], "claim_ids": [ "C391", "C392" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "milton-valley-cemetery-company", "type": "organization", "name": "Milton Valley Cemetery Company", "summary": "A company with stockholders that advertised in the People's Journal in 1910 and 1912 with G. W. Lightfoot as secretary. In 1926 a notice from the Cemetery Board of Milton Valley Cemetery, printed under the heading \"Milton Valley Cemetery Company,\" asked every lot holder to pay a yearly $1.00 tax.", "aliases": [ "Milton Valley Cemetery Co." ], "claim_ids": [ "C393", "C394", "C1107", "C1108", "C1109", "C1110", "C1172", "C1173" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "shenandoah-free-baptist-association", "type": "organization", "name": "Shenandoah Free Baptist Association", "summary": "Two separate People's Journal entries. In October 1924 it reported a \"Free Baptist Association\" in its 44th session at Berryville; in August 1927 it carried a notice of the 47th annual session of the \"Shenandoah Free Baptist Association\" at Bedford, Virginia. The two names are not shown to be one body; the session numbers suggest it, but do not establish it.", "aliases": [ "Free Baptist Association" ], "claim_ids": [ "C395" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "independent-club-millwood-berryville", "type": "organization", "name": "Independent Club, of Millwood and Berryville", "summary": "A club named for Millwood and Berryville whose social at the Fishermen's Hall on December 28, 1911, the People's Journal called one of the most enjoyable of the season.", "aliases": [ "Independent Club" ], "claim_ids": [ "C396" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "millwood-glee-club", "type": "organization", "name": "Millwood Glee Club", "summary": "A glee club listed among the evening programs of a 1924 church rally at Rippon, W. Va., in the People's Journal.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C397" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frosty-feet-redsocks", "type": "organization", "name": "Frosty Feet Redsocks", "summary": "A team that, according to a Berryville item in the People's Journal of July 1926, defeated the Morgan Grove team.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C398" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "zion-baptist-missionary-society", "type": "organization", "name": "Missionary Society, Zion Baptist Church", "summary": "Two separate People's Journal entries. Its May 1, 1913 program for the dedication of Zion Baptist Church's new chapel includes a Missionary Society devotional, with Mrs. Lucy Franklin as president. Its June 1, 1925 issue reports that Rev. Mrs. Fry of Washington, D.C., preached for the Missionary Society of Zion Baptist; that item does not say which Zion Baptist church is meant, and the two entries are not shown to be one society.", "aliases": [ "Missionary Society of Zion Baptist" ], "claim_ids": [ "C399", "C400" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-l-harris-dressmaking", "type": "organization", "name": "Mrs. Mary L. Harris, dressmaking", "summary": "A dressmaking business that Mrs. Mary L. Harris of Berryville advertised in the People's Journal in June 1910, offering to \"cut, fit and make all suits in the latest style\"; a Mrs. L. Harris advertised dressmaking in the paper again in January 1912.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. L. Harris, dressmaking" ], "claim_ids": [ "C401", "C402" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "carr-first-class-restaurant", "type": "organization", "name": "Mrs. L. E. Carr, First-Class Restaurant", "summary": "A restaurant on Church Street that the People's Journal named in June 1910 as Mrs. L. E. Carr's First-Class Restaurant, with meals at all hours.", "aliases": [ "First-Class Restaurant, Church Street" ], "claim_ids": [ "C403" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ben-jefferson-new-store", "type": "organization", "name": "Ben Jefferson's New Store", "summary": "A store that Mr. Ben Jefferson announced in the People's Journal in June 1910 as a \"New Store!\", back at his old stand, \"the Brandy place\".", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C404" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fanny-massy-shoe-shop-and-dwelling", "type": "place", "name": "Shoe-shop and dwelling house on Miss Fanny Massy's Academy lot", "summary": "A small shoe-shop and a dwelling house that, the People's Journal reported in June 1910, Miss Fanny Massy had built on her Academy lot and rented out.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C405" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "h-w-jackson-lunch-and-ice-cream", "type": "organization", "name": "H. W. Jackson, Lunch and Ice-Cream", "summary": "A lunch and ice-cream business on Liberty Street, Berryville, that the People's Journal carried under H. W. Jackson's name in October 1924.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C406" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jack-l-davis-barber-shop", "type": "organization", "name": "Jack L. Davis, Barber Shop", "summary": "A Berryville barber shop that the People's Journal named under J. L. Davis in 1921 and 1925 and under Jack L. Davis in 1924, read here as one shop.", "aliases": [ "J. L. Davis, barber shop" ], "claim_ids": [ "C407" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "josephine-street", "type": "place", "name": "Josephine Street", "summary": "The street of Josephine City: the historic-district nomination places the community's 31 lots on either side of it, and the index to Kalbian's 1992 survey lists nineteen resources along it.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C408", "C409", "C96" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.184&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "church-street-berryville", "type": "place", "name": "Church Street, Berryville", "summary": "A Berryville street, named in 1925 at one end of the block of Main Street the state highway department agreed to repair, and as the place where the American Legion post hung a new lighted sign.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C410", "C411" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "main-street-berryville", "type": "place", "name": "Main Street, Berryville", "summary": "Berryville's Main Street, which Kalbian's 1992 survey calls the \"Great Road\" that connected Winchester to Snicker's Gap; in 1925 the state highway department agreed to repair its block between Church and Buckmarsh Streets.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C412", "C410" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "north-buckmarsh-street", "type": "place", "name": "North Buckmarsh Street", "summary": "A street named in the People's Journal of January 1925, which reported that Mr. and Mrs. Robert Taylor's house on it was completed.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C414" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "liberty-street-berryville", "type": "place", "name": "Liberty Street, Berryville", "summary": "A Berryville street where the People's Journal listed H. W. Jackson's Lunch and Ice-Cream in 1924, and where the Clarke County Oil Company was finishing a new office beside the Norfolk and Western tracks in 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C406", "C413" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=205.1989.20&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "blackburn-street", "type": "place", "name": "Blackburn Street", "summary": "A street on which the index to Kalbian's 1992 survey of Clarke County lists nine surveyed resources.", "aliases": [ "Blackburn St." ], "claim_ids": [ "C415" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=213%2F-%231989.00317.108-135&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lincoln-avenue", "type": "place", "name": "Lincoln Avenue", "summary": "A street named in the People's Journal of March 1899 as the residence of Mrs. Lizzie Carter.", "aliases": [ "Lincoln Ave" ], "claim_ids": [ "C416" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frogtown", "type": "place", "name": "Frogtown", "summary": "A Clarke County hamlet that Kalbian's 1992 survey lists among those recorded by earlier surveys; the same survey records a House in Frogtown among past school sites, and a Frogtown Store still working as a rural country store.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C417", "C418", "C419" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=76%2F-%231976.00165.122&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "ccha_confidence": "probable", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "milton-valley-cemetery", "type": "place", "name": "Milton Valley Cemetery", "summary": "A cemetery whose marked burial of Mary Slowe in 1874 is the oldest resource of the Josephine City Historic District; the People's Journal reported a burial there in 1910, and volunteers cleaned its headstones in 2025.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C420", "C421", "C66", "C303", "C1107", "C1108", "C1111", "C1113", "C1114", "C1115", "C1116", "C1117", "C1118", "C1119", "C1120", "C1121", "C1122", "C1123", "C1172", "C1173", "C1174" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=427%2F2005-%233&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "first-minnesota", "type": "organization", "name": "The First Minnesota", "summary": "A newspaper that Library of Congress catalog records describe as a publication of the First Minnesota Regiment of Union troops which occupied Berryville, issued with the Berryville Conservator in March 1862; it ceased that year.", "aliases": [ "First Minnesota" ], "claim_ids": [ "C422", "C423" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=72%2F1987-Oversize%232&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "winchester-star", "type": "organization", "name": "The Winchester Star", "summary": "A Winchester newspaper that the Clarke Courier quoted in January 1925 on Clarke County's gifts to Winchester Memorial Hospital, and that reported in September 2026 on the endowment campaign of Barns of Rose Hill.", "aliases": [ "Winchester Star" ], "claim_ids": [ "C424", "C230" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "ccha_rediscovery_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=FIC%2F-%232002.00008.002&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "dg-cooley", "type": "person", "name": "D. G. Cooley", "summary": "Principal of Berryville High School in 1925. The Clarke Courier names him principal in January and on the appointments list for 1925-26 in July, and reports him in charge of the new building in September. In October it records him as president of the Clarke County teachers' institute and in charge of the Berryville public health pictures.", "aliases": [ "Mr. D. G. Cooley", "Prof. D. G. Cooley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C425", "C426", "C447", "C448" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frances-wolfe", "type": "person", "name": "Frances Wolfe", "summary": "Assistant principal of Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, as the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and its staff notice of September record, and treasurer of the Clarke County teachers' institute from October 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Frances Wolfe" ], "claim_ids": [ "C427", "C447" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louise-kerfoot", "type": "person", "name": "Louise Kerfoot", "summary": "A high school teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and again among the principal's assistants in its staff notice of September.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Louise Kerfoot" ], "claim_ids": [ "C428" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "willie-m-snouffer", "type": "person", "name": "Willie M. Snouffer", "summary": "A high school teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and, in full as Willie Morris Snouffer, in its staff notice of September.", "aliases": [ "Miss Willie M. Snouffer", "Willie Morris Snouffer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C429" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ella-holland", "type": "person", "name": "Ella Holland", "summary": "The seventh-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and in its staff notice of September, which places her in the new building on Main Street.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ella Holland" ], "claim_ids": [ "C430" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-d-sowers", "type": "person", "name": "Mary D. Sowers", "summary": "The sixth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and in its staff notice of September, which places her in the new building on Main Street.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Mary D. Sowers" ], "claim_ids": [ "C431" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "beatrice-kackley", "type": "person", "name": "Beatrice Kackley", "summary": "The fifth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and in its staff notice of September, which places her in the new building on Main Street.", "aliases": [ "Miss Beatrice Kackley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C432" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-wilbur-price", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Wilbur Price", "summary": "The teacher of the combined fourth and fifth grades at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and in its staff notice of September, both times only by her husband's name.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C433" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "agnes-fenton", "type": "person", "name": "Agnes Fenton", "summary": "The fourth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925, whom the Courier reported in September 1925 had been put in charge of the school's old building on Academy Street.", "aliases": [ "Miss Agnes Fenton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C434" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ella-hughes", "type": "person", "name": "Ella Hughes", "summary": "The first-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and in its staff notice of September, which places her in the old building on Academy Street.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Ella Hughes" ], "claim_ids": [ "C435" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "virginia-pierce", "type": "person", "name": "Virginia Pierce", "summary": "A teacher at Berryville High School who, the Clarke Courier reported on April 30, 1925, had married Dean Colston and would return to finish her session's work before leaving with her husband.", "aliases": [ "Miss Virginia Pierce" ], "claim_ids": [ "C436" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "tf-akers", "type": "person", "name": "T. F. Akers", "summary": "Principal of the Boyce Agricultural High School, as the Clarke Courier called Boyce High School when he announced its January honor roll in February 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C437" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "winter-royston", "type": "person", "name": "Winter Royston", "summary": "Named principal of Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925, under a headline announcing a new Boyce principal. In October the Courier records him as vice-president of the Clarke County teachers' institute and in charge of the Boyce public health pictures.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Winter Royston", "Prof. Winter Royston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C438", "C447", "C448" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ew-roller", "type": "person", "name": "E. W. Roller", "summary": "The agriculture teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Mr. E. W. Roller" ], "claim_ids": [ "C439" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ruth-royston", "type": "person", "name": "Ruth Royston", "summary": "One of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, named with Bettie Teel Miller on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ruth Royston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C440" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bettie-teel-miller", "type": "person", "name": "Bettie Teel Miller", "summary": "One of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, named with Ruth Royston on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Bettie Teel Miller" ], "claim_ids": [ "C441" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "katharine-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Katharine Jones", "summary": "The home economics teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925, and secretary of the Clarke County teachers' institute from October 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Katharine Jones" ], "claim_ids": [ "C442", "C447" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "grace-johnston", "type": "person", "name": "Grace Johnston", "summary": "The seventh-grade teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Grace Johnston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C443" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "audrey-fritts", "type": "person", "name": "Audrey Fritts", "summary": "The teacher of the fifth and sixth grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Audrey Fritts" ], "claim_ids": [ "C444" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ruth-berlin", "type": "person", "name": "Ruth Berlin", "summary": "The teacher of the third and fourth grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ruth Berlin" ], "claim_ids": [ "C445" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-thompson", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Thompson", "summary": "The teacher of the first and second grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Thompson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C446" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "leslie-d-kline", "type": "person", "name": "Leslie D. Kline", "summary": "Superintendent of schools for the division of Clarke and Frederick Counties in 1925. The Clarke Courier prints his February statement that he would attend meetings called in protest concerning the division superintendent, names him listing the county's teacher appointments for 1925-26, and records him at two meetings about a school for the county's Black children: billed to speak at one in January, and given charge of the other in May.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Leslie D. Kline" ], "claim_ids": [ "C449", "C450", "C451", "C452" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "holmes-j-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Holmes J. Hardesty", "summary": "A member of the Clarke County School Board in 1925. The Clarke Courier places him on the rostrum at the exercises at the new high school building in March, and names him as the board's secretary when two members spoke on the county's school situation in June.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Holmes J. Hardesty", "Mr. Holmes Hardesty" ], "claim_ids": [ "C453" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jp-rier", "type": "person", "name": "J. P. Rier", "summary": "Principal of the Millwood colored school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925, and named for Millwood in the Courier's October schedule of public health pictures for the colored schools.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C454" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarissa-layton", "type": "person", "name": "Clarissa Layton", "summary": "A teacher at the Millwood colored school for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 after principal J. P. Rier and Louise Bannister.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C455" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "matilda-herbert", "type": "person", "name": "Matilda Herbert", "summary": "A teacher at the Boyce colored school for the 1925-26 session, named with Alma Layton on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C456" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-w-carter", "type": "person", "name": "George W. Carter", "summary": "The teacher of the Bristol colored school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C457" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-agnes-miller", "type": "person", "name": "C. Agnes Miller", "summary": "The teacher of the Providence Chapel school for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 and for Providence Chapel in the Courier's October schedule of public health pictures.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. C. Agnes Miller" ], "claim_ids": [ "C458" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edna-grim", "type": "person", "name": "Edna Grim", "summary": "The teacher of the Bethel school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Edna Grim" ], "claim_ids": [ "C459" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "eunice-carper", "type": "person", "name": "Eunice Carper", "summary": "The teacher of the Kinderhook school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Eunice Carper" ], "claim_ids": [ "C460" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gladys-jenkins", "type": "person", "name": "Gladys Jenkins", "summary": "One of the two teachers of the Millwood school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925, which lists that school apart from the Millwood colored school.", "aliases": [ "Miss Gladys Jenkins" ], "claim_ids": [ "C461" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gladys-rowland", "type": "person", "name": "Gladys Rowland", "summary": "One of the two teachers of the Riverside school for the 1925-26 session, named with Mary Lee Meade on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Gladys Rowland" ], "claim_ids": [ "C462" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-lee-meade", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Lee Meade", "summary": "One of the two teachers of the Riverside school for the 1925-26 session, named with Gladys Rowland on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Lee Meade" ], "claim_ids": [ "C463" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ida-payne", "type": "person", "name": "Ida Payne", "summary": "The teacher of the Marvin Chapel school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ida Payne" ], "claim_ids": [ "C464" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lola-jenkins", "type": "person", "name": "Lola Jenkins", "summary": "The teacher of the Oak Grove school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Lola Jenkins" ], "claim_ids": [ "C465" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nellie-mae-evans", "type": "person", "name": "Nellie Mae Evans", "summary": "The teacher of the Hawthorne school for the 1925-26 session, as named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925.", "aliases": [ "Miss Nellie Mae Evans" ], "claim_ids": [ "C466" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-walter-foley", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Walter Foley", "summary": "The teacher of the Glendale school for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 only by her husband's name.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C467" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-cc-elsea", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. C. C. Elsea", "summary": "The teacher of the Pine Grove school for the 1925-26 session, named on the Clarke Courier's appointments list of July 1925 as Mrs. C. C. Elsea.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C468" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "eugene-glover", "type": "person", "name": "Eugene Glover", "summary": "Clerk of Clarke County in 1925. The Clarke Courier names him as the County Clerk issuing wedding licenses in April and as the clerk attesting a Circuit Court chancery notice in January.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Eugene Glover" ], "claim_ids": [ "C469" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-a-bradford", "type": "person", "name": "W. A. Bradford", "summary": "Treasurer of Clarke County through 1925. The Clarke Courier reports him settling the county's dog license account in January and names him, as treasurer, at a school play in Boyce in December.", "aliases": [ "Hon. W. A. Bradford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C472", "C473" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-w-smallwood", "type": "person", "name": "W. W. Smallwood", "summary": "Sheriff of Clarke County in 1925, named in a Circuit Court chancery notice in January and signing a sheriff's sale notice in October.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C470", "C471" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "s-d-estep", "type": "person", "name": "S. D. Estep", "summary": "A justice of the peace of Clarke County, whose order to sell a car at the Boyce Garage the Clarke Courier printed in October 1925.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C471" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-t-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "C. T. Hardesty", "summary": "Chairman of the Local Board of Equalization of Assessments of Clarke County, who signed the board's notice of its November 1925 meetings.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C474" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "dan-t-shepherd", "type": "person", "name": "Dan T. Shepherd", "summary": "A game warden who signed a September 1925 notice of the sale of strayed horses in front of the Court House.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C475" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-b-crawford", "type": "person", "name": "Robert B. Crawford", "summary": "County agent for Clarke and Warren counties until January 1925, whose move to a similar post in Prince Edward County the Clarke Courier reported that February.", "aliases": [ "Robt. B. Crawford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C476" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-h-enders", "type": "person", "name": "John H. Enders", "summary": "Berryville funeral director and chief of the Berryville Fire Company in 1925, quoted in October on the town's $55,000 reservoir plan.", "aliases": [ "Capt. John H. Enders" ], "claim_ids": [ "C477" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rose-macdonald", "type": "person", "name": "Rose MacDonald", "summary": "Judge of the juvenile and domestic relations court of Clarke County in 1925, reporting school truancy cases in February, and chairman of the county's Woman's Democratic Club that July.", "aliases": [ "Miss Rose MacDonald" ], "claim_ids": [ "C478", "C479" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-t-crow", "type": "person", "name": "John T. Crow", "summary": "A Clarke County magistrate whose decision in a suit over automobile repairs was appealed to the County Court early in 1925.", "aliases": [ "Magistrate John T. Crow" ], "claim_ids": [ "C480" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frank-b-whiting", "type": "person", "name": "Frank B. Whiting", "summary": "Judge of the Circuit Court of Clarke County in 1925. In February the Clarke Courier reports him hearing an appeal and a complaint over drink permits, and in September it names him as ordering the town's water bond election.", "aliases": [ "Judge Frank B. Whiting", "Hon. F. B. Whiting" ], "claim_ids": [ "C480", "C481", "C482" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-t-lewis", "type": "person", "name": "W. T. Lewis", "summary": "Chairman of the Clarke County Democratic Executive Committee in 1925, named at an April mass meeting, on the committee's June resolution for a primary and at the August convention.", "aliases": [ "Hon. W. T. Lewis" ], "claim_ids": [ "C483", "C484", "C485" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "t-b-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "T. B. Hardesty", "summary": "Secretary of the Clarke County Democratic Executive Committee, who signed its June 1925 resolution for a direct primary.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C483" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-denny", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Denny", "summary": "A White Post member of the Clarke County Democratic Committee who headed a mass meeting in April 1925 and presided at the county convention that August, when the Clarke delegation planned to put him forward for the state senate.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Joseph Denny", "Joseph S. Denny" ], "claim_ids": [ "C484", "C485" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frederick-adams", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Adams", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Emma Walker on January 6, 1881, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ADAMS, Frederick" ], "claim_ids": [ "C486" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elijah-addison", "type": "person", "name": "Elijah Addison", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Arrena Harris on September 28, 1878, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ADDISON, Elijah" ], "claim_ids": [ "C487" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "philip-j-afflick", "type": "person", "name": "Philip J. Afflick", "summary": "A blacksmith living in Berryville who married Marcella Deahl on October 4, 1866, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "AFFLICK, Philip J." ], "claim_ids": [ "C488" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "benjamin-f-alexander", "type": "person", "name": "Benjamin F. Alexander", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Eliza Willingham on October 17, 1872, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ALEXANDER, Benjamin F." ], "claim_ids": [ "C489" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-e-allder", "type": "person", "name": "Robert E. Allder", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Laura V. Knight on October 14, 1875, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ALLDER, Robert E." ], "claim_ids": [ "C490" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edward-allen", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Allen", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Sally Thompson on March 25, 1885, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ALLEN, Edward" ], "claim_ids": [ "C491" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "roger-p-annan", "type": "person", "name": "Roger P. Annan", "summary": "A merchant living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Adelaide S. Hall on October 23, 1867, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ANNAN, Roger P." ], "claim_ids": [ "C492" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-b-atkins", "type": "person", "name": "William B. Atkins", "summary": "A shoemaker living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Annie Virginia Lock on October 8, 1867, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "ATKINS, William B." ], "claim_ids": [ "C493" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "welby-h-baldwin", "type": "person", "name": "Welby H. Baldwin", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married L. V. Gordon on March 6, 1884, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BALDWIN, Welby H." ], "claim_ids": [ "C494" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-banks", "type": "person", "name": "John Banks", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Maria Marston on February 3, 1881, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BANKS, John" ], "claim_ids": [ "C495" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-banks", "type": "person", "name": "William Banks", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Betsey Hubbard on August 28, 1884, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BANKS, William" ], "claim_ids": [ "C496" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-barber", "type": "person", "name": "James Barber", "summary": "A farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Barbara A. Edmonds on December 26, 1877, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BARBER, James" ], "claim_ids": [ "C497" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "julius-karr-bartlett", "type": "person", "name": "Julius Karr Bartlett", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Bettie L. Berlin on December 12, 1877, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BARTLETT, Julius Karr" ], "claim_ids": [ "C498" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cyrus-d-baughman", "type": "person", "name": "Cyrus D. Baughman", "summary": "A miller living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Mary E. Young on February 13, 1878, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BAUGHMAN, Cyrus D." ], "claim_ids": [ "C499" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "milton-a-baughman", "type": "person", "name": "Milton A. Baughman", "summary": "A miller living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Mary S. Duble on August 28, 1884, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BAUGHMAN, Milton A." ], "claim_ids": [ "C500" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "silas-f-baughman", "type": "person", "name": "Silas F. Baughman", "summary": "A merchant living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Laura V. Parshall on February 25, 1886, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BAUGHMAN, Silas F." ], "claim_ids": [ "C501" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-baxter", "type": "person", "name": "William Baxter", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Sarah E. Alexander on August 19, 1879, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BAXTER, William" ], "claim_ids": [ "C502" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-bayles", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Bayles", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Elizabeth Littleton on February 24, 1881, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BAYLES, Thomas" ], "claim_ids": [ "C503" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-w-bennett", "type": "person", "name": "James W. Bennett", "summary": "A farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Ella E. Pope on April 27, 1882, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BENNETT, James W." ], "claim_ids": [ "C504" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "walter-t-bennett", "type": "person", "name": "Walter T. Bennett", "summary": "A clerk living in Clarke County, Virginia, who married Hannah Elizabeth Osburn on July 3, 1866, as Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records.", "aliases": [ "BENNETT, Walter T." ], "claim_ids": [ "C505" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "b-f-lippitt", "type": "person", "name": "B. F. Lippitt", "summary": "Game warden in 1923 and first sergeant among the Berryville guardsmen in 1924. The Clarke Courier prints his notice on dog license tags in February 1923 and names him in the guard of honor at the funeral services of Brig. Gen. Robert F. Leedy in January 1924.", "aliases": [ "1st. Sgt. B. F Lippitt" ], "claim_ids": [ "C506" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cassie-pidgeon", "type": "person", "name": "Cassie Pidgeon", "summary": "Teacher in the Berryville school. The Clarke Courier lists her among the Berryville High School appointments in July 1923 and as the second-grade teacher in September 1924.", "aliases": [ "Miss Cassie Pidgeon" ], "claim_ids": [ "C507" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edith-estep", "type": "person", "name": "Edith Estep", "summary": "Teacher of English at Berryville High School in 1924. The Clarke Courier lists her among the school's appointments in July 1923 and names her as accompanying Miss Frances Payne to the district oratorical contest in April 1924.", "aliases": [ "Miss Edith Estep" ], "claim_ids": [ "C508" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "h-c-barthel", "type": "person", "name": "H. C. Barthel", "summary": "President of the Gaylord School community league. The Clarke Courier names him its president when the league was organized in November 1923 and reports him explaining its purpose at a meeting in February 1924.", "aliases": [ "Mr. H. C. Barthel" ], "claim_ids": [ "C509" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-ed-ogden", "type": "person", "name": "J. Ed. Ogden", "summary": "Treasurer of the Corporation of Berryville. The Clarke Courier prints his annual report to the Town Council in January 1923 and his notice that water taxes were due in November 1924.", "aliases": [ "J. EM. Ogden" ], "claim_ids": [ "C510" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-f-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph F. Moore", "summary": "Commonwealth's Attorney in 1923 and 1924. The Clarke Courier reports him at home with the flu in January 1923 and reports a new private secretary in his office in May 1924.", "aliases": [ "Jos. F. Moore" ], "claim_ids": [ "C511" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lillie-garver", "type": "person", "name": "Lillie Garver", "summary": "Teacher at Boyce High School. The Clarke Courier lists her among the school's appointments in July 1923 and on its faculty, teaching the fifth and sixth grades, in September 1924.", "aliases": [ "Miss Lillie Garver", "Miss Lille Garver" ], "claim_ids": [ "C512" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lola-funkhouser", "type": "person", "name": "Lola Funkhouser", "summary": "Student at Boyce Agricultural High School. The Clarke Courier names her as a Boyce debater in the literary contests of May 1923 and as secretary of the senior class in May 1924.", "aliases": [ "Miss Lola Funkhouser" ], "claim_ids": [ "C513" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-frank-b-whiting", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Frank B. Whiting", "summary": "Chairman of the committee on women in industry of the Berryville Branch of the Virginia League of Woman Voters in 1923. The Clarke Courier names her in that office in February 1923 and reports her injury in a fall in February 1924.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C514" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "coleman-dunn", "type": "person", "name": "Coleman Dunn", "summary": "Auctioneer named in public sale notices in the Clarke Courier in January and March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C515" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clifton-price", "type": "person", "name": "Clifton Price", "summary": "President of the Berryville Local and a vice-president of the Clarke County Farmers' Union in 1923, and that year the unopposed Democratic candidate for the Board of Supervisors from Battletown District.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C516" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-h-huyett", "type": "person", "name": "John H. Huyett", "summary": "Owner of a picture theater in 1923. The Clarke Courier of February 1, 1923 reports that he installed two machines there to show a ten-reel picture without a stop.", "aliases": [ "Owner John H. Huyett" ], "claim_ids": [ "C517" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lucy-a-allen", "type": "person", "name": "Lucy A. Allen", "summary": "Deputy clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County in 1923. The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923 prints her certificate in a court notice.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C518" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "kate-powers", "type": "person", "name": "Kate Powers", "summary": "President of the Woman's Club of Clarke County, elected at its annual meeting of April 26, 1923 and listed as president in the club's program for 1923-24.", "aliases": [ "Miss Kate Powers", "Miss Kate A Powers" ], "claim_ids": [ "C519" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "emma-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Emma Jones", "summary": "Berryville woman elected vice president of the Woman's Club of Clarke County in April 1923, who in December 1923 took a position with the First Presbyterian church at Durham.", "aliases": [ "Miss Emma Jones" ], "claim_ids": [ "C520" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frank-mccormick", "type": "person", "name": "Frank McCormick", "summary": "Battletown District member of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, renominated without opposition in June 1923. The board adopted resolutions on his death in September 1923.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Frank McCormick" ], "claim_ids": [ "C521" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "henry-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Henry Rutherford", "summary": "Member of the Democratic Executive Committee from Longmarsh District, elected in June 1923 to fill the vacancy of the late John Rutherford.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C522" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-h-mesmer", "type": "person", "name": "William H. Mesmer", "summary": "Chairman of the Clarke County Electoral Board and a retired farmer in 1923.", "aliases": [ "Mr. William H. Mesmer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C523" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jessie-t-scott", "type": "person", "name": "Jessie T. Scott", "summary": "County worker and county nurse of Clarke County from August 1923, beginning with infant welfare work. The Clarke Courier printed her statement on the fight against tuberculosis in December 1923.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Jessie T. Scott", "Dr. Jessie T. Scott" ], "claim_ids": [ "C524" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alice-c-ferguson", "type": "person", "name": "Alice C. Ferguson", "summary": "Member of the program committee of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24.", "aliases": [ "Miss Alice C. Ferguson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C525" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "annie-t-ferguson", "type": "person", "name": "Annie T. Ferguson", "summary": "Member of the social committee of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24.", "aliases": [ "Miss Annie T. Ferguson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C526" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ollie-thomas", "type": "person", "name": "Ollie Thomas", "summary": "Vice-president of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters, elected in October 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ollie Thomas" ], "claim_ids": [ "C527" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mamie-white", "type": "person", "name": "Mamie White", "summary": "Treasurer of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters, elected in October 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mamie White" ], "claim_ids": [ "C528" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "agnes-tapscott", "type": "person", "name": "Agnes Tapscott", "summary": "Delegate of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters to the state convention at Staunton in October 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Agnes Tapscott" ], "claim_ids": [ "C529" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nettie-owens", "type": "person", "name": "Nettie Owens", "summary": "Chaplain of Treadwell Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, when the chapter was instituted late in 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Nettie Owens" ], "claim_ids": [ "C530" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ernest-locke", "type": "person", "name": "Ernest Locke", "summary": "Treasurer of Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, American Legion, named in December 1923.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Ernest Locke" ], "claim_ids": [ "C531" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mamie-spates", "type": "person", "name": "Mamie Spates", "summary": "Vice president of the Old Chapel School Community League when it was organized in November 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mamie Spates" ], "claim_ids": [ "C532" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-w-riely", "type": "person", "name": "John W. Riely", "summary": "Treasurer of Battletown Lodge No. 98, I. O. O. F., elected in December 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C533" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bessie-thornton", "type": "person", "name": "Bessie Thornton", "summary": "Bessie Thornton, listed as a teacher for the Riverside school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Bessie Thornton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C534" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clara-rush", "type": "person", "name": "Clara Rush", "summary": "Clara Rush, listed as a teacher for the Riverside school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Clara Rush" ], "claim_ids": [ "C535" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "josephine-stipe", "type": "person", "name": "Josephine Stipe", "summary": "Josephine Stipe, listed as a teacher for the Oak Grove school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Josephine Stipe" ], "claim_ids": [ "C536" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elsie-kelley", "type": "person", "name": "Elsie Kelley", "summary": "Elsie Kelley, listed as a teacher for the Pine Grove school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elsie Kelley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C537" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elva-kelley", "type": "person", "name": "Elva Kelley", "summary": "Elva Kelley, listed as a teacher for the Providence Chapel school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elva Kelley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C538" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-wharton", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Wharton", "summary": "Mary Wharton, listed as a teacher for the Mt. Carmel school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Wharton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C539" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "emmett-day", "type": "person", "name": "Emmett Day", "summary": "Emmett Day, listed as a teacher for the Shenandoah school in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Emmett Day" ], "claim_ids": [ "C540" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lawrence-phillipps", "type": "person", "name": "Lawrence Phillipps", "summary": "Teacher listed first for the school printed as \"Millwood Col.\" in the Clarke Courier's teacher appointments of July 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C541" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "carolyn-kackley", "type": "person", "name": "Carolyn Kackley", "summary": "Teacher of the Hawthorne school in February 1923, listed among its appointments again in July 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Carolyn Kackley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C542" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mattie-marlowe", "type": "person", "name": "Mattie Marlowe", "summary": "Teacher at the Riverside school, with Mrs. Miller, in the Clarke Courier's attendance report of February 15, 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mattie Marlowe" ], "claim_ids": [ "C543" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "helen-jobe", "type": "person", "name": "Helen Jobe", "summary": "Teacher of the Marvin school in February 1923, as the Clarke Courier reported in its attendance figures that March.", "aliases": [ "Miss Helen Jobe" ], "claim_ids": [ "C544" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "della-mcaboy", "type": "person", "name": "Della McAboy", "summary": "Teacher of the Pierce school in February 1923, as the Clarke Courier reported in its attendance figures that March.", "aliases": [ "Miss Della McAboy" ], "claim_ids": [ "C545" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bruce-golightly", "type": "person", "name": "Bruce Golightly", "summary": "Principal of the Old Chapel School in March 1923, who set his pupils to learn about the Clarke County men buried in the historic graveyard.", "aliases": [ "Principal Bruce Golightly" ], "claim_ids": [ "C546" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ella-gray", "type": "person", "name": "Ella Gray", "summary": "Teacher in the Berryville school in the 1922-23 session, who did not intend to teach the next year.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ella Gray" ], "claim_ids": [ "C547" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bertie-lesser", "type": "person", "name": "Bertie Lesser", "summary": "Telephone operator at Berryville who helped rouse the citizens during an attempted post office robbery reported in March 1923, and was given a medal by the C. & P. Telephone Company.", "aliases": [ "Miss Bertie Lesser" ], "claim_ids": [ "C548" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ernest-l-alger", "type": "person", "name": "Ernest L. Alger", "summary": "Unopposed Democratic candidate for overseer of the poor for Chapel District in the November 1923 election.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C549" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "holmes-e-mcaboy", "type": "person", "name": "Holmes E. McAboy", "summary": "Wadesville man who ran for overseer of the poor in Long Marsh District in 1923 and thanked the voters for electing him in the Democratic primary of August 7.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C550" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-f-stinson", "type": "person", "name": "John F. Stinson", "summary": "Democratic nominee and unopposed candidate for justice of the peace in Chapel District in 1923.", "aliases": [ "J. F. Stinson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C551" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-elisabeth-pidgeon", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Elisabeth Pidgeon", "summary": "Wadesville woman who lectured for the extension department of the University of Virginia and was to speak at the Harrisonburg Normal School's summer session in 1923. She had worked for ratification of the woman suffrage amendment.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Elisabeth Pidgeon" ], "claim_ids": [ "C552" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-graham-reynolds", "type": "person", "name": "William Graham Reynolds", "summary": "Berryville man, a captain in the 23rd Infantry, listed in the Virginia War History as awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism at St. Etienne on October 4, 1918.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C553" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-lindsey", "type": "person", "name": "James Lindsey", "summary": "Boyce man who received a war medal for valor at the front in France in the World War. The Clarke Courier noted in 1923 that the Virginia War History left out his name.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C554" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "a-s-robinson", "type": "person", "name": "A. S. Robinson", "summary": "Vice president of the Wadesville local of the Farmers' Union when it was organized in January 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C555" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "baker-chamblin", "type": "person", "name": "Baker Chamblin", "summary": "Vice president of the White Post local of the Farmers' Union in the membership list the Clarke Courier printed in August 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C556" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-e-murphy", "type": "person", "name": "C. E. Murphy", "summary": "Secretary-treasurer of the Wadesville local of the Farmers' Union when it was organized in January 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C557" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-t-chamblin", "type": "person", "name": "W. T. Chamblin", "summary": "Treasurer of the Berryville local of the Farmers' Union in 1921, to whom farmers were asked to send their unpaid dues.", "aliases": [ "W. T. Chamb. lin" ], "claim_ids": [ "C558" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "s-s-thomas", "type": "person", "name": "S. S. Thomas", "summary": "Berryville farmer named a director of the new Berryville Basket Co. in 1921, and in 1922 the Berryville local's member of the county Farmers' Union executive committee and one of the twelve farmers on the county agent's Advisory Council.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C559" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jos-shenk", "type": "person", "name": "Jos. Shenk", "summary": "One of the twelve farmers named in April 1922 to the Advisory Council for Clarke County's agricultural agent.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C560" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-washington-gold", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Washington Gold", "summary": "Woman of \"Ellwood\" whose few acres of V. P. I. 131 wheat passed the Virginia Crop Improvement Association's inspection in 1923, which the Clarke Courier called probably the first certified wheat produced in Clarke County.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Washington Gold" ], "claim_ids": [ "C561" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "baker-tapscott", "type": "person", "name": "Baker Tapscott", "summary": "Judge and commissioner of election for the Mt. Airy precinct, named by the Clarke County Electoral Board in March 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C562" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "earnest-dearmont", "type": "person", "name": "Earnest Dearmont", "summary": "White Post man who testified in the Harrison-Paul election contest in February 1921, and was named registrar for the Lindseys precinct that March.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C563" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-e-morgan", "type": "person", "name": "George E. Morgan", "summary": "Registrar for the Court House precinct and the Corporation of Berryville, appointed in March 1921 in place of N. F. Smith.", "aliases": [ "Geo. E. Morgan" ], "claim_ids": [ "C564" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jos-w-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Jos. W. Lloyd", "summary": "Registrar for the Morgan's Mill precinct in the Clarke County Electoral Board's appointments of March 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C565" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "page-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Page Rutherford", "summary": "Registrar for the Russells precinct, who testified in the Harrison-Paul election contest in February 1921 about how he registered women voters.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C566" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "r-h-ritter", "type": "person", "name": "R. H. Ritter", "summary": "Registrar for the Millwood precinct in the Clarke County Electoral Board's appointments of March 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C567" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "l-k-briggs", "type": "person", "name": "L. K. Briggs", "summary": "Assessor of lands for Clarke County, listed in the county's financial statement for the year ending September 1, 1921.", "aliases": [ "L K. Briggs" ], "claim_ids": [ "C568" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-m-litton", "type": "person", "name": "J. M. Litton", "summary": "Deputy sheriff of Clarke County who signed a February 1922 notice of a public sale for Sheriff W. W. Smallwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C569" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "dan-hickerson", "type": "person", "name": "Dan Hickerson", "summary": "Berryville street superintendent and police chief in 1921 and 1922, re-elected town sergeant and superintendent of the water works in September 1922.", "aliases": [ "Dan Mickersou" ], "claim_ids": [ "C570" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-c-thomas", "type": "person", "name": "George C. Thomas", "summary": "Former mayor of Berryville and superintendent of the Green Hill Cemetery Co., a judge and commissioner of election for the Court House precinct in 1921, who turned 81 in January 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C571" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-f-mcdonald", "type": "person", "name": "J. F. McDonald", "summary": "Superintendent of the Berryville and Charles Town and Berryville and Summit Point turnpikes in Battletown District for thirteen years and nine months to January 1922, whose tolls of $37,272.37 paid for four concrete bridges and thirteen culverts.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C572" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-yowell", "type": "person", "name": "John Yowell", "summary": "Boyce man superintending construction of the state road between Old Chapel and Boyce in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C573" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mae-traister", "type": "person", "name": "Mae Traister", "summary": "Assistant postmaster of Berryville in 1921, who returned to her duties that June after an operation for appendicitis.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mae Traister" ], "claim_ids": [ "C574" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sarah-elder", "type": "person", "name": "Sarah Elder", "summary": "Berryville woman elected commander of the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, in January 1921, who led the Woman's Auxiliary at the unveiling of a memorial tablet that June.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Sarah Elder", "Mrs. Sara Elder" ], "claim_ids": [ "C575" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-j-m-h-clagett", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. J. M. H. Clagett", "summary": "Berryville woman elected vice commander of the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, in January 1921, and named to its executive board in 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C576" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elizabeth-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Elizabeth Moore", "summary": "Berryville woman elected secretary of the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, in January 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elizabeth Moore" ], "claim_ids": [ "C577" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fannie-fenton", "type": "person", "name": "Fannie Fenton", "summary": "Treasurer of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, elected for 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Fannie Fenton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C578" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-raleigh-c-carter", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter", "summary": "Secretary of The King's Daughters of Clarke County, whose annual report was approved at the June 1921 convention and who was elected secretary for the year ahead.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C579" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-w-m-s-hammond", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. W. M. S. Hammond", "summary": "Elected president of the Woman's Club of Clarke County in April 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C580" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bettie-bradford", "type": "person", "name": "Bettie Bradford", "summary": "Presided over the Clarke County Community League's February 1922 meeting at Boyce in the absence of its chairman and vice chairman.", "aliases": [ "Miss Bettie Bradford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C581" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "holly-pifer", "type": "person", "name": "Holly Pifer", "summary": "Elected secretary of the Clarke County Community League in June 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C582" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "e-g-butler", "type": "person", "name": "E. G. Butler", "summary": "Named with his wife to chair the recreation committee of the Clarke County Community League in August 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C583" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "a-moore-jr", "type": "person", "name": "A. Moore, Jr.", "summary": "Retired president of the Bank of Clarke County who presided at the first stockholders' meeting of the new Clarke County Building and Loan Association in September 1922, an association he had long urged.", "aliases": [ "Hon. A. Moore, Jr." ], "claim_ids": [ "C584" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-h-phillips", "type": "person", "name": "C. H. Phillips", "summary": "One of the directors of the new Berryville Basket Co. named in February 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C585" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-w-marks", "type": "person", "name": "Charles W. Marks", "summary": "Manager of the Clarke Opera House in 1921, who bought a lot on Liberty Street in Berryville that March to build a home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C586" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "d-l-fries", "type": "person", "name": "D. L. Fries", "summary": "Proprietor of The Battletown Inn at Berryville, quoted in the Clarke Courier's March 1922 tribute to the lawyer Conrad Kownslar.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C587" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "holmes-hibbard", "type": "person", "name": "Holmes Hibbard", "summary": "Local superintendent of the Northern Virginia Power Company at Berryville in 1921, who bought a lot on the Charles Town pike that March to build a home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C588" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-h-goss", "type": "person", "name": "J. H. Goss", "summary": "Proprietor of the Berryville Supply Company in 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C589" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "norval-l-carter", "type": "person", "name": "Norval L. Carter", "summary": "Proprietor of the Berryville Garage, who bought the People's Garage from its receiver in January 1921 to run it as the Central Garage.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C590" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "pete-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Pete Rutherford", "summary": "Manager of the Clarke County Creamery in 1922, which closed for the Fourth of July so he could spend it with the Woodmen.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C591" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "r-l-aylor", "type": "person", "name": "R. L. Aylor", "summary": "New owner of the Clarke Milling Co. in 1922, who bought and remodeled the Longerbeam house on South Church Street in Berryville.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C592" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "t-eddy-brown", "type": "person", "name": "T. Eddy Brown", "summary": "Berryville grocer who sold his store and house on Church Street to D. D. Brown for $6,000 in May 1921 and sold off his groceries at cost.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C593" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frank-b-neville", "type": "person", "name": "Frank B. Neville", "summary": "Auctioneer of public sales near Millwood and at Boyce in the fall of 1922.", "aliases": [ "F. B. Neville" ], "claim_ids": [ "C594" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-h-ballengee", "type": "person", "name": "W. H. Ballengee", "summary": "Pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at Berryville for two years, who in March 1922 asked to be retired on account of his health and planned to live in Winchester.", "aliases": [ "Rev. W. H. Ballengee" ], "claim_ids": [ "C595" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jas-w-gaver", "type": "person", "name": "Jas. W. Gaver", "summary": "Secretary of the quarterly conference of the Berryville charge of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, who signed its March 1922 resolution on the Rev. W. H. Ballengee's retirement.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C596" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-d-russell", "type": "person", "name": "J. D. Russell", "summary": "Chaplain of the Order of Fraternal Americans at Millwood, who held its Mother's Day service in May 1922.", "aliases": [ "Rev. J. D. Russell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C597" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elizabeth-houghton", "type": "person", "name": "Elizabeth Houghton", "summary": "Teacher of the higher grades at the Millwood school in 1921, a position she had held for the two years before.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elizabeth Houghton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C598" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lucy-parke-shepherd", "type": "person", "name": "Lucy Parke Shepherd", "summary": "Fifth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the session opening September 14, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Lucy Parke Shepherd" ], "claim_ids": [ "C599" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "a-c-arnett", "type": "person", "name": "A. C. Arnett", "summary": "Clarke landowner whose action to have the Board of Review reopen the assessment of his land was dropped in the Circuit Court in 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C600" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "e-b-jacobs", "type": "person", "name": "E. B. Jacobs", "summary": "Horseman whose entries took three silver cups at the Blue Ridge Hunt Club's show at Carter Hall in May 1922, and who won the silver cup for the Clarke County hunter at the Berryville Horse Show that August.", "aliases": [ "Ed. B. Jacobs" ], "claim_ids": [ "C601" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-r-castleman-jr", "type": "person", "name": "John R. Castleman, Jr.", "summary": "Clarke County man, son of the late John R. Castleman of Mosby's Rangers, whom the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921 reported as valedictorian of his Virginia Polytechnic Institute class with the highest four-year average, and as awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle. A Courier list of April 26, 1923, compiled from the Virginia War History, names a Distinguished Service Cross for a John R. Castleman of Berryville; the two items are not reconciled here.", "aliases": [ "Lieut. John R Castleman, Jr." ], "claim_ids": [ "C602", "C1543", "C1566" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-m-lippitt", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas M. Lippitt", "summary": "Berryville-born passed assistant surgeon in the U. S. Navy, recalled in 1922 as badly wounded in the leg in the Boxer uprising, and quoted that June on his schoolmate Henry G. Shirley.", "aliases": [ "Dr. Thomas M. Lippitt" ], "claim_ids": [ "C603" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wilbur-price", "type": "person", "name": "Wilbur Price", "summary": "Berryville farmer whose plan to divide automobile license taxes equally between the state and the counties, endorsed by the Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union, passed the House of Delegates in 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C604" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-t-murphy", "type": "person", "name": "J. T. Murphy", "summary": "Farmer and member of the Berryville Methodist Church, South, whom the Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921 reported dead near Aldie in Loudoun County; it calls him Clarke-born and a veteran of White's Battalion.", "aliases": [ "J T. Murphy" ], "claim_ids": [ "C605" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-c-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph C. Jones", "summary": "Millwood man, son of the Rev. Joseph R. Jones of Cunningham Parish, who had kept a drug store at Millwood and died on January 4, 1921, aged 47.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C606" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "agnes-b-page", "type": "person", "name": "Agnes B. Page", "summary": "Wife of R. Powel Page of \"Saratoga,\" born at \"Carter Hall\" in 1851 the youngest child of George H. Burwell, who died on January 22, 1921 and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Agnes B. Page", "Mrs. R. Powel Page" ], "claim_ids": [ "C607" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-f-page", "type": "person", "name": "Mary F. Page", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in January 1921 among the five children of Agnes B. Page of \"Saratoga.\"", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary F. Page" ], "claim_ids": [ "C608" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-hummer", "type": "person", "name": "John Hummer", "summary": "Farmer of the Briggs neighborhood, born in Clarke County, who died after a long illness with lung trouble in February 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C609" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-isaac-bowman", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Isaac Bowman", "summary": "Berryville woman, second wife of Isaac Bowman and sister of Mayor D. H. Jones, who died after a stroke of paralysis in February 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C610" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "harriet-washington", "type": "person", "name": "Harriet Washington", "summary": "Berryville woman, daughter of Dr. Henry Washington and great-granddaughter of Warner Washington, who died in February 1921 aged 89, after living all her life in the Washington cottage on West Main Street.", "aliases": [ "Miss Harriet Washington" ], "claim_ids": [ "C611" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-t-garthright", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas T. Garthright", "summary": "Harness and saddle maker at George C. Thomas's carriage works in Berryville from 1870 to 1880, later superintendent of the Lynchburg city home, whose death at 83 the Clarke Courier reported in February 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C612" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elizabeth-simons-hart", "type": "person", "name": "Elizabeth Simons Hart", "summary": "Berryville Baptist church worker, wife of William E. Hart and daughter of Elijah Simons, who died at 36 after an operation at the Winchester Memorial Hospital in 1921.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Elizabeth Simons Hart", "Mrs. W. E. Hart" ], "claim_ids": [ "C613" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elijah-simons", "type": "person", "name": "Elijah Simons", "summary": "Berryville man named in March 1921 as the father of Mrs. Elizabeth Simons Hart, who survived her.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C614" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "annie-e-robey", "type": "person", "name": "Annie E. Robey", "summary": "Berryville wife of John Robey, born in Frederick County, who died at 80 after a long illness in March 1921.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Annie E. Robey" ], "claim_ids": [ "C615" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-e-allen", "type": "person", "name": "Mary E. Allen", "summary": "Widow of William Temple Allen of Clarke County, for many years of an Allen farm adjoining \"Clifton,\" who died suddenly in Washington in February 1921 at 94.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Mary E. Allen", "Mrs. William Temple Allen" ], "claim_ids": [ "C616" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sarah-elizabeth-stolle", "type": "person", "name": "Sarah Elizabeth Stolle", "summary": "Berryville woman, wife of L. V. Stolle and daughter of Adam and Barbara Greenwalt, who died suddenly of a ruptured artery of the brain at 68 in February 1921.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Stolle", "Mrs. L. V. Stolle" ], "claim_ids": [ "C617" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-thomas-howell", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Thomas Howell", "summary": "Berryville woman named in March 1921 among the six children of Sarah Elizabeth Stolle.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C618" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-p-l-hannum", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. P. L. Hannum", "summary": "Berryville Methodist, born near Berry's Ferry, who died at the home of her son Howard C. Hannum in March 1921 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C619" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-a-locke", "type": "person", "name": "William A. Locke", "summary": "Son of James Locke of near Wadesville, a National Guard veteran of the Mexican border, who died of tuberculosis at the government hospital at Fort McHenry in March 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C620" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "newton-h-carpenter", "type": "person", "name": "Newton H. Carpenter", "summary": "Clarke County farmer whom the Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921 called \"one of Ashby's brave men\" and reported dead at 78; it says he was for many years first lieutenant commander of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, of Winchester.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C621" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "martha-harper", "type": "person", "name": "Martha Harper", "summary": "Eastern Star leader of Washington, for whom the Martha Lodge was named, who died in April 1921 at her sister Mrs. Phillip M. Ricamore's home in Berryville, where she had lived for about a year.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Martha Harper" ], "claim_ids": [ "C622" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-alexander-renner", "type": "person", "name": "William Alexander Renner", "summary": "Young Clarke County man, son of I. H. and Rosa Hummer Renner, who died at \"Springfield Farm\" on March 29, 1921 at 19, after three days' illness.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C623" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-turner-huff", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Turner Huff", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in April 1921 among the sisters of William Alexander Renner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C624" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "susan-lanham", "type": "person", "name": "Susan Lanham", "summary": "Woman of near Mt. Weather who died at 67 in April 1921 on the farm where she was born, and was buried in the family lot at Providence Chapel.", "aliases": [ "Miss Susan Lanham" ], "claim_ids": [ "C625" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "eddy-hugh-garvin", "type": "person", "name": "Eddy Hugh Garvin", "summary": "Former Clarke County man, born and reared at Millwood, son of A. H. Garvin, who died at 54 in Washington in April 1921 and was buried at White Post.", "aliases": [ "E. H. Garvin" ], "claim_ids": [ "C626" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-dixon", "type": "person", "name": "John Dixon", "summary": "Retired farmer, born in Piedmont Virginia, who died at 60 in May 1921 after a stroke, on the farm of Benjamin Vorous, with whom he had lived for ten years.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C627" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-h-smallwood", "type": "person", "name": "Charles H. Smallwood", "summary": "Road commissioner for Chapel District and a farmer near Boyce, brother of Sheriff W. W. Smallwood, who died at 51 after a long illness in May 1921.", "aliases": [ "C. H. Smallwood" ], "claim_ids": [ "C628" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "betty-morgan", "type": "person", "name": "Betty Morgan", "summary": "Clarke-born daughter of John Morgan, once owner of the Hook farm, who died at 87 on May 2, 1921 at a home near Berryville and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [ "Miss Betty Morgan" ], "claim_ids": [ "C629" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rose-elzey-mccormick", "type": "person", "name": "Rose Elzey McCormick", "summary": "Daughter of Mrs. Nannie K. McCormick and the late Thomas McCormick, who died at her home, \"Frankford,\" in May 1921 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [ "Miss Rose K. McCormick" ], "claim_ids": [ "C630" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-edgar-russell", "type": "person", "name": "Robert Edgar Russell", "summary": "Clarke County soldier whose memorial tablet at Stone's Chapel, unveiled in 1921, the Clarke Courier reported as reading: Private, Company C, 128th Infantry, 32nd Division, killed in action October 12, 1918, Meuse-Argonne, France. The Courier of September 15, 1921 reported his body brought home and buried beside his mother's grave after services at the Presbyterian Church; the cited passage does not name the cemetery.", "aliases": [ "Robert E. Russell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C631", "C1544" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fenton-p-whiting", "type": "person", "name": "Fenton P. Whiting", "summary": "Clarke County native, born December 19, 1853, the son of Francis Henry Whiting, who died at Roanoke in June 1921 after a long illness and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C632" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-samuel-mccormick", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Samuel McCormick", "summary": "Berryville woman named in June 1921 as a sister of Maude Lewis Whiting, widow of Fenton P. Whiting, and of William Travers Lewis.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C633" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-c-lee", "type": "person", "name": "John C. Lee", "summary": "Farmer and stockman of Clarke and Warren counties and a candidate for the House of Delegates, killed in June 1921 when a Norfolk and Western express struck his automobile at Kennedy's Crossing near White Post.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C634" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-h-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph H. Hardesty", "summary": "Farmer and stock dealer whom the Clarke Courier's obituary of June 30, 1921 reports dead at 88. It calls him a former Confederate soldier, says he was made captain when the militia company was organized into the Clarke Cavalry, says he served several terms as mayor of Berryville, and gives his birth at Rock Hall in 1833. Other records print his middle initial differently; the claim's uncertainty section says how.", "aliases": [ "Capt. Joseph H. Hardesty" ], "claim_ids": [ "C635" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-w-fritts", "type": "person", "name": "Charles W. Fritts", "summary": "Farmer and businessman of Greenway District who died of heart trouble in June 1921, a week after John C. Lee, and was buried at Meade Memorial Church.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C636" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nannie-mcguire", "type": "person", "name": "Nannie McGuire", "summary": "Berryville woman of the McGuire family, ill for months, whose death was reported in July 1921; a sister of Dr. Edward McGuire of Richmond.", "aliases": [ "Miss Nannie McGuire" ], "claim_ids": [ "C637" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edward-mcguire", "type": "person", "name": "Edward McGuire", "summary": "Clarke-born physician of the McGuire family, son of Dr. William D. McGuire, who died at his home in Richmond in October 1921 and was buried at Hollywood.", "aliases": [ "Dr. Edward McGuire" ], "claim_ids": [ "C638" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "laura-shopland", "type": "person", "name": "Laura Shopland", "summary": "Widow of Henry Shopland, a Clarke farmer, and daughter of Lewis Herlin, who had lived on a Longmarsh District farm and died after a long illness in August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Laura Shopland" ], "claim_ids": [ "C639" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-nelson-clarke-willson", "type": "person", "name": "William Nelson Clarke Willson", "summary": "Merchant and grain dealer of Berryville from the months after the Civil War, a native of Frederick County, Maryland, and nephew of Joseph T. Griffith, who died in August 1921 at the old Griffith home on Church Street.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C640" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-v-brown", "type": "person", "name": "Mary V. Brown", "summary": "Millwood widow of R. A. Brown, born in Frederick County, who died at her home at Millwood in August 1921 at 69 after a long illness.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Mary V. Brown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C641" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "r-c-brown", "type": "person", "name": "R. C. Brown", "summary": "Berryville man named in August 1921 as a son of Mrs. Mary V. Brown of Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C642" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "h-e-brown", "type": "person", "name": "H. E. Brown", "summary": "Millwood man named in August 1921 as a son of Mrs. Mary V. Brown.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C643" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "florence-hummer", "type": "person", "name": "Florence Hummer", "summary": "Millwood woman named in August 1921 as a daughter of Mrs. Mary V. Brown.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Florence Hummer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C644" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-josephine-crown", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Josephine Crown", "summary": "Sister of John O. Crown, editor of the Clarke Courier for nearly half a century, and a Maryland public school teacher for over fifty years, who retired to Berryville and died suddenly while visiting a niece at Ruxton, Maryland, in August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Josephine Crown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C645" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sarah-b-crown", "type": "person", "name": "Sarah B. Crown", "summary": "Berryville woman named in August 1921 as a niece of Mary Josephine Crown.", "aliases": [ "Miss Sarah B. Crown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C646" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "maria-p-whiting", "type": "person", "name": "Maria P. Whiting", "summary": "Widow of Frances D. Whiting of Clarke County and granddaughter of Bishop Meade, who died at her home, \"Edgewood,\" near Millwood in September 1921 and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Maria P. Whiting" ], "claim_ids": [ "C647" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-nelson-meade", "type": "person", "name": "William Nelson Meade", "summary": "Episcopal rector at Tappahannock, born at \"Prospect Hill\" in Clarke County and a grandson of Bishop Meade, who died of heart trouble at \"Edgewood\" in September 1921 just after his sister's funeral, aged 67.", "aliases": [ "Rev. William Nelson Meade" ], "claim_ids": [ "C648" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-d-h-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. D. H. Jones", "summary": "Wife of Mayor D. H. Jones of Berryville for nearly 49 years and a leader of the Berryville Baptist Church, born in Clarke County, who died at 72 after a stroke in October 1921.", "aliases": [ "Mary Herlin Jones" ], "claim_ids": [ "C649" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "samuel-k-harris", "type": "person", "name": "Samuel K. Harris", "summary": "Native of Baltimore County, Maryland, who had lived in Berryville for fifteen years and died of paralysis at 72 in November 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C650" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louisa-b-ross", "type": "person", "name": "Louisa B. Ross", "summary": "Clarke County native, sister of W. A. Bradford and wife of Lieut. Gordon Ross of the National Naval Reserves, who died in November 1921 at Saranac Lake, New York.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Louisa B. Ross" ], "claim_ids": [ "C651" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-douglas-bruce", "type": "person", "name": "J. Douglas Bruce", "summary": "Civil engineer, educated at V. M. I. under Stonewall Jackson and for many years a citizen of the Boyce neighborhood, who died at 86 at Millwood in January 1922.", "aliases": [ "Col. J. Douglas Bruce" ], "claim_ids": [ "C652" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-henry-jenkins", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Henry Jenkins", "summary": "Millwood woman at whose home Col. J. Douglas Bruce lived for more than a year before his death in January 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C653" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "letha-swisher", "type": "person", "name": "Letha Swisher", "summary": "Telephone operator at the C. & P. exchange in Berryville, from Capon Bridge, who died in a Richmond hospital in February 1922 after going there for an operation.", "aliases": [ "Miss Letha Swisher", "Miss Lcthia Swisher" ], "claim_ids": [ "C654" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-c-neville", "type": "person", "name": "George C. Neville", "summary": "Millwood man, son of A. V. Neville, who died at 62 on January 25, 1922 at the Springfield State Hospital, Sykesville, Maryland, and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C655" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jane-l-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Jane L. Hardesty", "summary": "One of the oldest residents of Clarke County, born in the county on January 5, 1832, widow of Charles Hardesty, who died at her home on Treadwell Street in Berryville in 1922, aged 90.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Jane L. Hardesty" ], "claim_ids": [ "C656" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "helen-helm-dortch", "type": "person", "name": "Helen Helm Dortch", "summary": "Daughter of Mrs. Hattie Williams Dortch of \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm, killed when the Knickerbocker roof fell in Washington in January 1922 and buried in Clarke County.", "aliases": [ "Miss Helen Dortch" ], "claim_ids": [ "C657" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "hattie-williams-dortch", "type": "person", "name": "Hattie Williams Dortch", "summary": "Woman of \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm, Clarke County, named in February 1922 as the mother of Helen Helm Dortch, killed when the Knickerbocker roof fell in Washington in 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Hattie Williams Dortch" ], "claim_ids": [ "C658" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-h-stickles", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph H. Stickles", "summary": "Former Clarke County man who died at 79 on January 3, 1922 at his son's home in Texas, Maryland; his brothers Thomas and Michael Stickles lived in Clarke.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C659" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "linton-earl-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Linton Earl Lloyd", "summary": "World War veteran of Company D, 101st Infantry, one of five Lloyd brothers who served in France, who drowned at 24 in a reservoir near his father's home near Berry's Ferry in February 1922.", "aliases": [ "Private Linton Earl Lloyd" ], "claim_ids": [ "C660" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "albert-polhamus", "type": "person", "name": "Albert Polhamus", "summary": "One of the oldest citizens of Berryville, who died at 81 in February 1922 at the home of his sister, Mrs. J. H. Bayliss, and was buried near Round Hill.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C661" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-c-ricamore", "type": "person", "name": "George C. Ricamore", "summary": "Former Clarke County farmer and Berryville town sergeant whom the Clarke Courier called one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform; it reported his golden wedding in February 1922 and, on August 31, 1922, his death at his daughter's home in Washington.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C662" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-j-edward-barnett", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. J. Edward Barnett", "summary": "Wife of J. Edward Barnett, chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, who died suddenly after a stroke in February 1922.", "aliases": [ "Lucy V. Barnett" ], "claim_ids": [ "C663" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-f-powers", "type": "person", "name": "William F. Powers", "summary": "Miller and farmer of Ashby Station near White Post, born at Kline's Mills near Middletown in 1850, who died at his home on February 14, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C664" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cora-shackleford", "type": "person", "name": "Cora Shackleford", "summary": "Berryville trained nurse, daughter of John H. Shackleford, who nursed through the town's epidemic of pneumonia and grip and died of pneumonia in February 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Cora Shackleford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C665" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "peter-fuqua", "type": "person", "name": "Peter Fuqua", "summary": "Former Clarke County farmer whom the Clarke Courier of July 20, 1922 reported dead at 82 and called one of Gen. Pickett's men in the charge at Gettysburg; it gives his birth in Botetourt County on June 10, 1840, and says he farmed the county farm for years. Gold's 1914 county history also prints the name \"Peter Fuqua\" in a list of members of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp; nothing on that page says it is the same man.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C666", "C1363" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "milton-s-pyle", "type": "person", "name": "Milton S. Pyle", "summary": "Man of near Boyce at whose home his father, Wm. F. Pyle, died at 81 in November 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C667" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lewis-smallwood", "type": "person", "name": "Lewis Smallwood", "summary": "Berryville man named in March 1922 as the son of Mrs. Martha Smallwood, who died at 93 in Loudoun County and was buried at Green Hill.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C668" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "samuel-bonham", "type": "person", "name": "Samuel Bonham", "summary": "Man whom the Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 headlined as a native of Clarke County, reporting his death at Sherman, Texas, at 90; it names his father as the late Daniel Sowers Bonham, says he went to Texas as a young man, and says he served four years in the Confederate army.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C669" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "logan-t-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Logan T. Lloyd", "summary": "Clarke County man of 20, lately a year in the Army's engineering branch, who died in March 1922 at the Winchester Memorial Hospital after a motorcycle accident.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C670" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "letcher-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Letcher Lloyd", "summary": "Clarke County man named in March 1922 as the father of Logan T. Lloyd.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C671" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "vienna-osburn", "type": "person", "name": "Vienna Osburn", "summary": "Wife of Decatur Osburn, a retired Clarke farmer, and sister of Dr. A. P. Osborne, who died of pneumonia at her home east of Berryville in March 1922 and was buried in Loudoun County.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Vienna Osburn", "Mrs. Decatur Osburn" ], "claim_ids": [ "C672" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mason-osburn", "type": "person", "name": "Mason Osburn", "summary": "Clarke County man named in March 1922 among the stepchildren of Mrs. Vienna Osburn.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C673" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "conrad-kownslar", "type": "person", "name": "Conrad Kownslar", "summary": "Berryville lawyer, son of Dr. Randolph Kownslar, born in Berryville about 1852, who died at his home on South Church Street in March 1922 and was buried at Grace Church.", "aliases": [ "Hon. Conrad Kownslar" ], "claim_ids": [ "C674" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "e-stover-cooper", "type": "person", "name": "E. Stover Cooper", "summary": "Stonemason of Boyce and a Methodist for 54 years, who died of pneumonia at 74 in March 1922 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C675" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-jos-n-payne", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Jos. N. Payne", "summary": "Former Clarke County woman, daughter of J. H. Rinker and sister of Mrs. John M. Fishpaw, who once lived on the Winchester pike west of Berryville and died at Martinsburg in March 1922, aged 54.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C676" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-j-starkey", "type": "person", "name": "William J. Starkey", "summary": "Retired farmer, merchant and miller, born in Clarke County in 1859, who ran the old Shepherd's mill for fifteen years and died suddenly at his home on the river pike in March 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C677" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "l-kirk-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "L. Kirk Hardesty", "summary": "Livestock dealer with a wide acquaintance in Jefferson and Berkeley counties, who had lived in that section thirty-odd years and died near Swan Pond in 1922 in his 77th year. The Shepherdstown Register, reprinted by the Clarke Courier on April 6, 1922, calls him a Clarke native and a Confederate veteran who enlisted in a company from Clarke.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C678" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "virginia-washington", "type": "person", "name": "Virginia Washington", "summary": "Lifelong Berryville resident and great-granddaughter of Warner Washington, the last of the Washington name living in Clarke County, who died of influenza pneumonia in April 1922, aged about 87.", "aliases": [ "Miss Virginia Washington" ], "claim_ids": [ "C679" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-o-wilson", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph O. Wilson", "summary": "Former Winchester businessman who spent his last days with his sister, Mrs. Harry C. Warner, and died at her home in April 1922 after two years' illness.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C680" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "morgan-van-deventer", "type": "person", "name": "Morgan Van Deventer", "summary": "Clarke County native, son of Cornelius Van Deventer and grandson of Benjamin Morgan, who died in Baltimore in April 1922 after an operation.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C681" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wayeman-gaunt", "type": "person", "name": "Wayeman Gaunt", "summary": "Seventeen-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Gaunt, who died on April 6, 1922 at a Washington hospital after four operations for mastoiditis.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C682" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "eliza-philipine-myerly", "type": "person", "name": "Eliza Philipine Myerly", "summary": "Clarke County native, born near Marvin Chapel in 1867, a daughter of Joseph and Eliza Philipine Anderson, who died at her home near Poolesville, Maryland, on her 55th birthday in April 1922 and was buried at Green Hill.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Eliza Philipine Myerly" ], "claim_ids": [ "C683" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jennie-eleyette", "type": "person", "name": "Jennie Eleyette", "summary": "Widow of John Elleyette, who died of pneumonia at 74 at her niece's home at Boyce on March 23, 1922 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Jennie Eleyette", "Mrs. Jennie Elleyette" ], "claim_ids": [ "C684" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "margaret-elizabeth-vorous", "type": "person", "name": "Margaret Elizabeth Vorous", "summary": "Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Vorous of Briggs, an invalid for many years, who died in April 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Margaret Vorous" ], "claim_ids": [ "C685" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "irene-ruth-peyton", "type": "person", "name": "Irene Ruth Peyton", "summary": "Infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Peyton, who died at their home at Boyce on April 14, 1922, aged three months and seven days, and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C686" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "leonard-peyton", "type": "person", "name": "Leonard Peyton", "summary": "Boyce man named in April 1922 as the father of the infant Irene Ruth Peyton.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C687" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-p-whiting", "type": "person", "name": "Mary P. Whiting", "summary": "Millwood woman, a sister of Judge F. B. Whiting, who contributed to Near East Relief in April 1922 and died at her home on September 8, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary P. Whiting" ], "claim_ids": [ "C688" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "catherine-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Catherine Lloyd", "summary": "Warren County native and mother-in-law of Sheriff W. W. Smallwood, who died at 82 on April 14, 1922 at her son Thomas Lloyd's home.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Catherine Lloyd" ], "claim_ids": [ "C689" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-charles-kenneth-brown", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Charles Kenneth Brown", "summary": "Former Berryville resident, wife of Prof. Charles Kenneth Brown, principal of Berryville High School in 1917-1918, who died at Staunton in April 1922.", "aliases": [ "Gladys Hogan Brown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C690" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "hattie-helvestine-crampton", "type": "person", "name": "Hattie Helvestine Crampton", "summary": "Wife of William O. Crampton and daughter of Lewis B. Helvestine of Clarke County, who died at her home after more than a year's illness in April 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. William O. Crampton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C691" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lucy-e-royston", "type": "person", "name": "Lucy E. Royston", "summary": "Wife of Thomas A. Royston and daughter of Christopher Lee of near the old Mt. Carmel Church, mother of eleven, who died at 68 on May 3, 1922 at her daughter's home in Winchester and was buried at Green Hill.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Lucy E. Royston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C692" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "hugh-mcguire-taylor", "type": "person", "name": "Hugh McGuire Taylor", "summary": "Clarke-born Richmond physician and surgeon, son of Major William Taylor and a nephew of Dr. Hunter McGuire, who died at his home at Westhampton in May 1922, aged 66.", "aliases": [ "Dr. Hugh McGuire Taylor" ], "claim_ids": [ "C693" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "harry-pearrell", "type": "person", "name": "Harry Pearrell", "summary": "Fruit man from Hagerstown in charge of Harry Warden's orchards below the Berryville depot, formerly of the Rosemont Farm, who died suddenly at his East Main Street home in August 1922, aged 40.", "aliases": [ "Harry E. Pearrell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C694" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "henrietta-r-ogden", "type": "person", "name": "Henrietta R. Ogden", "summary": "Widow of Randolph K. Ogden, a leading contractor of the Valley, who died at 78 in August 1922 in the Main Street house in Berryville that had been her home since her marriage in 1869.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Henrietta R. Ogden", "Mrs. R. K. Ogden" ], "claim_ids": [ "C695" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "minnie-ogden", "type": "person", "name": "Minnie Ogden", "summary": "Berryville woman named in August 1922 as a daughter of Mrs. Henrietta R. Ogden.", "aliases": [ "Miss Minnie Ogden" ], "claim_ids": [ "C696" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nina-r-long", "type": "person", "name": "Nina R. Long", "summary": "Wife of James F. Long, tenant of the Ralph Grigsby farm, and daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Marcus, who died at 26 in the Winchester Hospital after childbirth in August 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Nina R. Long" ], "claim_ids": [ "C697" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "amelia-hough-carroll", "type": "person", "name": "Amelia Hough Carroll", "summary": "Clarke County native, widow of John Carroll, who ran \"Montana Hall,\" who died at her son's home in Montana in September 1922 at 68 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Amelia Hough Carroll", "Mrs. John Carroll" ], "claim_ids": [ "C698" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "grover-carroll", "type": "person", "name": "Grover Carroll", "summary": "Millwood man named in September 1922 as a son of Mrs. Amelia Hough Carroll.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C699" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rice-smith", "type": "person", "name": "Rice Smith", "summary": "Berryville-born grandson of Treadwell Smith, a Clarke Cavalry veteran and deputy clerk who went to the Georgia Chemical Works at Augusta in 1880 and retired from the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., who died at Augusta in October 1922.", "aliases": [ "Col. J. Rice Smith" ], "claim_ids": [ "C700" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "martha-a-sillman", "type": "person", "name": "Martha A. Sillman", "summary": "Widow of John A. Sillman, long of Front Royal, who died at her daughter's home at Boyce on September 30, 1922 and was buried at Front Royal.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Martha A. Sillman" ], "claim_ids": [ "C701" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "susie-cadwallader", "type": "person", "name": "Susie Cadwallader", "summary": "Boyce woman named in October 1922 as the daughter at whose home Mrs. Martha A. Sillman died.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Susie Cadwallader" ], "claim_ids": [ "C702" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fred-l-crown", "type": "person", "name": "Fred L. Crown", "summary": "Berryville-born son of John O. Crown and brother of the Courier's editor, manager of the Mobile Division of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., who died suddenly at Mobile in November 1922, aged 40.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C703" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "florence-jones-tilford", "type": "person", "name": "Florence Jones Tilford", "summary": "Widow of John B. Tilford of Standard Oil and mother of Frank V. Tilford, who once lived in Berryville and died at Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, in November 1922, aged 77.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. John B. Tilford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C704" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-lewis-willingham", "type": "person", "name": "Charles Lewis Willingham", "summary": "Lifelong Clarke County resident and member of Marvin Chapel M. E. Church, who died at 78 on November 5, 1922 at his son's home near Berryville and was buried at Green Hill.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C705" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wm-w-willingham", "type": "person", "name": "Wm. W. Willingham", "summary": "Man of near Berryville at whose home his father, Charles Lewis Willingham, died in November 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C706" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "kate-cornwell", "type": "person", "name": "Kate Cornwell", "summary": "White Post woman named in November 1922 as a daughter of Charles Lewis Willingham.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Kate Cornwell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C707" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jennie-cooper", "type": "person", "name": "Jennie Cooper", "summary": "Boyce woman named in November 1922 as the sister of Charles Lewis Willingham.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Jennie Cooper" ], "claim_ids": [ "C708" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wm-f-pyle", "type": "person", "name": "Wm. F. Pyle", "summary": "Retired farmer who lived near Boyce all his life and died at 81 at his son Milton S. Pyle's home in November 1922; buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C709" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-john-ritter", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. John Ritter", "summary": "Boyce woman named in November 1922 among the surviving children of Wm. F. Pyle.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C710" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-pyle", "type": "person", "name": "Robert Pyle", "summary": "Boyce man named in November 1922 as the brother of Wm. F. Pyle.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C711" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-robert-goodrick", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Robert Goodrick", "summary": "Boyce woman named in November 1922 as the sister of Wm. F. Pyle.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C712" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "norman-b-wynkoop", "type": "person", "name": "Norman B. Wynkoop", "summary": "Farmer near Berryville, son of Geo. W. Wynkoop of Loudoun County, who died at 47 in November 1922 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C713" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "m-w-jones", "type": "person", "name": "M. W. Jones", "summary": "Berryville man, born near Rippon in 1848, a director and the last acting incorporator on the board of the Bank of Clarke County, who died at his home on December 3, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Matthew Williamson Jones" ], "claim_ids": [ "C714" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-george-britton", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. George Britton", "summary": "Berryville woman named in December 1922 as the only sister of M. W. Jones.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C715" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "albert-curtis", "type": "person", "name": "Albert Curtis", "summary": "Wadesville man named in January 1923 among the four surviving children of E. R. Curtis, farmer and former civil engineer.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C716" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "beatrice-curtis", "type": "person", "name": "Beatrice Curtis", "summary": "Wadesville woman named in January 1923 among the four surviving children of E. R. Curtis, farmer and former civil engineer.", "aliases": [ "Miss Beatrice Curtis" ], "claim_ids": [ "C717" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-g-l-carter", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. G. L. Carter", "summary": "Berryville woman named in December 1923 among the six daughters of William Andrew Johnston of the Wickliffe section.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C718" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "maggie-higgins-smith", "type": "person", "name": "Maggie Higgins Smith", "summary": "Nurse to the Gilpin children of \"Scaleby\" and later personal maid to Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin, in the family's service for over thirty-one years, who died of heart failure on January 19, 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C719" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-shumate", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Shumate", "summary": "Man of near White Post named in January 1923 as a brother of Charles Shumate, farmer of the Berry's Ferry neighborhood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C720" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "johnetta-wright", "type": "person", "name": "Johnetta Wright", "summary": "Wadesville woman named in 1923 as a daughter of George H. Wright and, that July, as the half-sister of George Thomas Wright.", "aliases": [ "Miss Johnetta Wright" ], "claim_ids": [ "C721" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-e-o-carroll", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. E. O. Carroll", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in February 1923 among the seven surviving daughters of Samuel J. Wiley of Red Bud, Frederick County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C722" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "s-c-wiley", "type": "person", "name": "S. C. Wiley", "summary": "Millwood man named in February 1923 among the five surviving sons of Samuel J. Wiley of Red Bud, Frederick County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C723" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-maurice-castleman", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Maurice Castleman", "summary": "Berryville woman named in February 1923 among the three daughters of Decatur Osburn, farmer and bank director.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C724" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Rutherford", "summary": "Mary Rutherford, a woman of near Berryville named in March 1923 among the surviving children of John C. Rutherford.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Rutherford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C725" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "minnie-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Minnie Rutherford", "summary": "Minnie Rutherford, a woman of near Berryville named in March 1923 among the surviving children of John C. Rutherford.", "aliases": [ "Miss Minnie Rutherford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C726" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berkley-bowman", "type": "person", "name": "Berkley Bowman", "summary": "Berryville man named in March 1923 as the one son of Isaac Bowman by his second wife, Ellen Jones.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C727" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frank-tavenner", "type": "person", "name": "Frank Tavenner", "summary": "Man of the Bethel neighborhood named in March 1923 as the brother of Miss Clara Tavenner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C728" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jessie-lupton", "type": "person", "name": "Jessie Lupton", "summary": "Berryville woman named in March 1923 among the four sisters of Miss Grace Lupton, a former telephone operator.", "aliases": [ "Miss Jessie Lupton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C729" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-lupton", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Lupton", "summary": "Berryville man named in March 1923 as the one brother of Miss Grace Lupton.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C730" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-floyd-dorsey", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Floyd Dorsey", "summary": "Berryville woman named in March 1923 as the sister of John Wells of Petersburg, who died there at 20.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C731" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "katie-ryan", "type": "person", "name": "Katie Ryan", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in March 1923 among the seven sisters of Fred N. Ryan, a druggist formerly of Millwood.", "aliases": [ "Miss Katie Ryan" ], "claim_ids": [ "C732" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-john-a-t-grigsby", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. John A. T. Grigsby", "summary": "Woman named in March 1923 among the seven sisters of Fred N. Ryan, a druggist formerly of Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C733" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "amos-hoff", "type": "person", "name": "Amos Hoff", "summary": "Man of near Boyce named in April 1923 as the father of Delany C. Hoff, who died at eleven at the family home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C734" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-amos-hoff", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Amos Hoff", "summary": "Woman of near Boyce named in April 1923 as the mother of Delany C. Hoff, who died in his sleep at eleven after she put him to bed.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C735" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-briggs", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Briggs", "summary": "Clarke County man named in April 1923 as a son of Isham Keith Briggs, with whom he worked part of the George H. Byrd farm.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C736" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-s-kitchen", "type": "person", "name": "J. S. Kitchen", "summary": "White Post man named in April 1923 as a brother of Miss Virginia C. Kitchen, who died suddenly in a doctor's office at White Post.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C737" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-j-h-myers", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. J. H. Myers", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in April 1923 as a sister-in-law of Isaac Myers, a Clarke native who farmed in Jefferson County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C738" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "estelle-castleman", "type": "person", "name": "Estelle Castleman", "summary": "Berryville woman named in May 1923 as the sister of Mrs. George H. Carter, a daughter of Charles M. Castleman of \"North Hill,\" who died at Front Royal.", "aliases": [ "Miss Estelle Castleman" ], "claim_ids": [ "C739" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-hugh-burwell", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Hugh Burwell", "summary": "Member of the Burwell family, of \"Fairview\" near Millwood, who died at his home in May 1923 and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C740" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-e-b-jacobs", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. E. B. Jacobs", "summary": "Boyce woman named in May 1923 as a daughter of Thomas Hugh Burwell of \"Fairview.\"", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C741" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-lewis-meade", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Lewis Meade", "summary": "Woman of \"The Vineyard,\" Clarke County, named in May 1923 as a daughter of Thomas Hugh Burwell of \"Fairview.\"", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C742" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-willing-burwell", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Willing Burwell", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in May 1923 as a sister of Thomas Hugh Burwell of \"Fairview.\"", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Willing Burwell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C743" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "earnest-hillyard", "type": "person", "name": "Earnest Hillyard", "summary": "Former Boyce man, son of Mrs. Mary Ann Hillyard, who had gone into business in Washington and drowned while bathing near the city in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C744" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-w-hillyard", "type": "person", "name": "John W. Hillyard", "summary": "Boyce man named in June 1923 as a brother of Earnest Hillyard, who drowned near Washington.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C745" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-joseph-heflin", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Joseph Heflin", "summary": "Woman of near Berryville named in June 1923 as a sister of Earnest Hillyard, who drowned near Washington.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C746" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jane-c-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Jane C. Moore", "summary": "Berryville woman named in July 1923 among the four sisters of Dr. Lawson B. Moore, a Berryville native who died at Charlottesville.", "aliases": [ "Miss Jane C. Moore" ], "claim_ids": [ "C747" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-elizabeth-wright", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Elizabeth Wright", "summary": "Boyce woman named in July 1923 as a sister of John Thomas Huff, a carpenter who died at his Berryville home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C748" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-walter-bell", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Walter Bell", "summary": "Woman named in August 1923 among the eighteen children of John W. Boyd of Rocks Ferry, Jefferson County, with a group given as of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C749" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-william-licklider", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. William Licklider", "summary": "Woman named in August 1923 among the eighteen children of John W. Boyd of Rocks Ferry, Jefferson County, in a group given as of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C750" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "luther-poston", "type": "person", "name": "Luther Poston", "summary": "Clarke County man named in August 1923 as the one brother of Thomas Poston, who spent his boyhood in Clarke and died at Bluemont.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C751" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "martin-mallory", "type": "person", "name": "Martin Mallory", "summary": "Berryville man who served overseas with Company I, 116th Infantry, in the World War, named in August 1923 as the husband of Mrs. Martin Mallory, who died at his parents' home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C752" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "annie-baker", "type": "person", "name": "Annie Baker", "summary": "Boyce woman at whose home her mother, Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, died at 98 in August 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Annie Baker" ], "claim_ids": [ "C753" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-baker", "type": "person", "name": "George Baker", "summary": "Farmer near Boyce named in August 1923 as a son of Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, who died at 98.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C754" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elisabeth-brown", "type": "person", "name": "Elizabeth Brown", "summary": "Berryville woman named in August 1923 as one of the two children of Charles F. Brown, who came from Westmoreland County.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elizabeth Brown", "Elisabeth Brown", "Miss Elisabeth Brown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C755" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "hugh-armel", "type": "person", "name": "Hugh Armel", "summary": "White Post farmer's son of 23, lately employed at the Berryville basket factory, killed in September 1923 when a log being unloaded rolled down the pile and pinned him against a freight car.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C756" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-armel", "type": "person", "name": "John Armel", "summary": "White Post farmer named in September 1923 as the father of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory; the funeral was held from his home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C757" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-john-armel", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. John Armel", "summary": "White Post woman named in September 1923 as the mother of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C758" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-armel", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Armel", "summary": "Boyce man named in September 1923 as a brother of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C759" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "floyd-armel", "type": "person", "name": "Floyd Armel", "summary": "White Post man named in September 1923 as a brother of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C760" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-w-butler", "type": "person", "name": "J. W. Butler", "summary": "White Post man named in September 1923 as the father of the widow of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C761" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ethel-carter-ofallon", "type": "person", "name": "Ethel Carter O'Fallon", "summary": "Millwood woman named in September 1923 as a daughter of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon, who died at \"Red Gate.\"", "aliases": [ "Miss Ethel Carter O'Fallon" ], "claim_ids": [ "C762" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-jas-h-nolan", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Jas. H. Nolan", "summary": "Berryville woman named in September 1923 among the children of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon of \"Red Gate.\"", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C763" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-wm-f-randolph", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Wm. F. Randolph", "summary": "Woman of \"Athlone,\" Millwood, named in September 1923 as a stepdaughter of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon of \"Red Gate.\"", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C764" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-a-rosenberry", "type": "person", "name": "C. A. Rosenberry", "summary": "Man of near Briggs named in September 1923 as the father of Charles Randolph Rosenberry, who died at one year old.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C765" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-c-a-rosenberry", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. C. A. Rosenberry", "summary": "Woman of near Briggs named in September 1923 as the mother of Charles Randolph Rosenberry, who died at one year old.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C766" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-rust", "type": "person", "name": "Robert Rust", "summary": "Clarke County man named in October 1923 as the brother of Sam Rust of Loudoun County, who died there.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C767" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-parker", "type": "person", "name": "George Parker", "summary": "Boyce man named in November 1923 among the five children of J. W. Parker, a Berryville blacksmith who died at his home on North Church Street.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C768" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "anderson-boyd", "type": "person", "name": "Anderson Boyd", "summary": "Man living near the Shenandoah River in Clarke County, named in November 1923 as the father of Downey Boyd, who died at fifteen.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C769" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-anderson-boyd", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Anderson Boyd", "summary": "Woman living near the Shenandoah River in Clarke County, named in November 1923 as the mother of Downey Boyd, who died at fifteen.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C770" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "henry-boyd", "type": "person", "name": "Henry Boyd", "summary": "Clarke County man named in November 1923 as the one brother of Downey Boyd, who died at fifteen after an operation for appendicitis.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C771" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "viola-orndoff", "type": "person", "name": "Viola Orndoff", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in November 1923 among the three sisters of Downey Boyd, who died at fifteen.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Viola Orndoff" ], "claim_ids": [ "C772" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "violet-boyd", "type": "person", "name": "Violet Boyd", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in November 1923 as a sister of Downey Boyd, living with her parents near the Shenandoah River.", "aliases": [ "Miss Violet Boyd" ], "claim_ids": [ "C773" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edgar-bayliss", "type": "person", "name": "Edgar Bayliss", "summary": "Berryville man named in December 1923 as the husband of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, who died at 35 after an operation.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C774" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-thomas-n-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Thomas N. Johnson", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in December 1923 as the mother of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, who died at 35 after an operation.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C775" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-n-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas N. Johnson", "summary": "Clarke County man named in December 1923 as the father of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, who died at 35 after an operation.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C776" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-bayliss", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Bayliss", "summary": "Berryville man named in December 1923 as the brother of William Martin Bayliss, a Frederick County farmer who died at Winchester.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C777" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "annie-shiley", "type": "person", "name": "Annie Shiley", "summary": "White Post woman named in December 1923 as a daughter of James F. Smith, a Frederick County farmer who died near Stephens City.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Annie Shiley" ], "claim_ids": [ "C778" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-billmyre", "type": "person", "name": "John Billmyre", "summary": "Gaylord man named in December 1923 as the father of Miss Mary Billmyre, who died at 43 at the Home for Incurables in Richmond.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C779" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "custis-lewin", "type": "person", "name": "Custis Lewin", "summary": "Man who married Miss Edith Hummer of Millwood at a Winchester parsonage on December 23, 1920, the couple settling near Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C780" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edith-hummer", "type": "person", "name": "Edith Hummer", "summary": "Millwood woman who married Custis Lewin at a Winchester parsonage on December 23, 1920, the couple settling near Millwood.", "aliases": [ "Miss Edith Hummer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C781" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "maude-kennerly", "type": "person", "name": "Maude Kennerly", "summary": "White Post woman, daughter of Frank Kennerly, married to Thomas E. Blackwell of Reedville at Monumental Church, Richmond, in January 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Maude Kennerly" ], "claim_ids": [ "C782" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "walter-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Hardesty", "summary": "Farmer near Berryville, son of O. J. Hardesty, whom the Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921 described as having served twenty-three months in the war as a sergeant and motor mechanic, twenty of them in France. The same item reports his marriage to Miss Alice N. Grant of Martinsburg and does not date the wedding.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C783" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alice-n-grant", "type": "person", "name": "Alice N. Grant", "summary": "Martinsburg woman, daughter of J. O. Grant, who married Walter Hardesty of Berryville at Martinsburg in February 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Alice N. Grant" ], "claim_ids": [ "C784" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-l-ziler", "type": "person", "name": "George L. Ziler", "summary": "Cumberland, Maryland, man who married Miss Edna E. Shewbridge of Berryville at the Methodist parsonage in Berryville on February 19, 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C785" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edna-e-shewbridge", "type": "person", "name": "Edna E. Shewbridge", "summary": "Berryville woman who married George L. Ziler of Cumberland, Maryland, at the Methodist parsonage in Berryville on February 19, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Edna E. Shewbridge", "Edna Elizabeth Shewbridge" ], "claim_ids": [ "C786" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fleda-may-ramey", "type": "person", "name": "Fleda May Ramey", "summary": "Berryville woman, daughter of William T. Ramey, married to LeRoy McNamara, a Jefferson County farmer, in Washington on March 24, 1921; the couple settled near Halltown.", "aliases": [ "Miss Fleda May Ramey" ], "claim_ids": [ "C787" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "raleigh-colston-carter", "type": "person", "name": "Raleigh Colston Carter", "summary": "Clarke County farmer who married Miss Josephine Holladay at \"Pond Quarter,\" her parents' home, on April 5, 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C788" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-campbell-macleod", "type": "person", "name": "Charles Campbell MacLeod", "summary": "Lynchburg man whom the Clarke Courier of July 14, 1921 reported as awarded the French Croix de Guerre in the World War, and who married Miss Margaretta Colston Carper at Emmanuel Chapel, Boyce, on July 6, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Capt. Charles Campbell MacLeod" ], "claim_ids": [ "C789" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "margaretta-colston-carper", "type": "person", "name": "Margaretta Colston Carper", "summary": "Boyce woman, daughter of J. L. Carper, who married Capt. Charles Campbell MacLeod of Lynchburg at Emmanuel Chapel on July 6, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Margaretta Colston Carper" ], "claim_ids": [ "C790" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "camille-capper", "type": "person", "name": "Camille Capper", "summary": "Winchester woman, daughter of E. Bruce Capper, who married Maurice F. Wisecarver, a Berryville clothing merchant, at her home in July 1921; the couple settled in Berryville.", "aliases": [ "Miss Camille Capper" ], "claim_ids": [ "C791" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "verne-r-mason", "type": "person", "name": "Verne R. Mason", "summary": "Physician, lately resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital, who married Miss Lucy Meredith Ginn at Christ Church, Millwood, on August 17, 1921, the couple going to Los Angeles.", "aliases": [ "Dr. Verne R. Mason", "Verne Rheen Mason" ], "claim_ids": [ "C792" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lucy-meredith-ginn", "type": "person", "name": "Lucy Meredith Ginn", "summary": "Nurse, daughter of Joseph Ginn formerly of Clarke County, who had served in France with the Red Cross and married Dr. Verne R. Mason at Christ Church, Millwood, in August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Lucy Meredith Ginn" ], "claim_ids": [ "C793" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "treadwell-gibson", "type": "person", "name": "Treadwell Gibson", "summary": "Man of near Millwood who, with his wife, gave the luncheon after the August 1921 wedding of his niece, Lucy Meredith Ginn.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C794" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gretta-bee-wyndham", "type": "person", "name": "Gretta Bee Wyndham", "summary": "Berryville musician and teacher, eldest daughter of A. B. Wyndham, who married Charles Leroy Isenberg at Robertsville, Ohio, on August 18, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Gretta Wyndham" ], "claim_ids": [ "C795" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nancy-goodwin-williams", "type": "person", "name": "Nancy Goodwin Williams", "summary": "Berryville woman, daughter of Goodwin H. Williams of \"Airlee,\" who married Tom Lewis Peyton of Washington at Grace Church on October 15, 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Nancy Goodwin Williams" ], "claim_ids": [ "C796" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "tom-lewis-peyton", "type": "person", "name": "Tom Lewis Peyton", "summary": "Washington man who married Miss Nancy Goodwin Williams at Grace Church, Berryville, on October 15, 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C797" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "willie-belle-colston", "type": "person", "name": "Willie Belle Colston", "summary": "Daughter of Frank P. Colston of near Boyce, whose marriage to Charles J. Enders of Berryville the Courier reported in November 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Willie Belle Colston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C798" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-edward-ritter", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Edward Ritter", "summary": "Boyce man who married Miss Irene Pine of Millwood at the Methodist parsonage in November 1921; the couple settled at Boyce.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C799" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "irene-pine", "type": "person", "name": "Irene Pine", "summary": "Millwood woman, daughter of Thomas Pine, who married Joseph Edward Ritter of Boyce at the Methodist parsonage in November 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Irene Pine", "Irene Pyne" ], "claim_ids": [ "C800" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-pine", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas Pine", "summary": "Millwood man named in December 1921 as the father of Miss Irene Pine, married to Joseph Edward Ritter.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C801" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-wm-shackleford", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Wm. Shackleford", "summary": "Berryville woman named in January 1922 as the mother of Mrs. Grace Eaton, married in Washington on Christmas Day 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C802" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "audrey-zombro", "type": "person", "name": "Audrey Zombro", "summary": "Berryville girl of 16, daughter of the late T. L. Zombro, who married John Lanham at Charles Town on February 1, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Audrey Zombro" ], "claim_ids": [ "C803" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-lanham", "type": "person", "name": "John Lanham", "summary": "Berryville man of 20, only son of Charles F. Lanham, who married Audrey Zombro at Charles Town on February 1, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C804" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-elliotte", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Elliotte", "summary": "Widow of Charles Elliotte, who married John Gore of White Post at Hagerstown in February 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Mary Elliotte" ], "claim_ids": [ "C805" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-gore", "type": "person", "name": "John Gore", "summary": "White Post man who married Mrs. Mary Elliotte at Hagerstown in February 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C806" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-wm-mallory", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Wm. Mallory", "summary": "Berryville woman named in February 1922 as the sister of Mrs. Mary Elliotte, at whose wedding to John Gore she was present.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C807" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mable-barnett", "type": "person", "name": "Mable Barnett", "summary": "Berryville woman, daughter of J. E. Barnett, former chairman of the Board of Supervisors, who married Ambrose B. Hummer at her father's home on May 3, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mable Barnett", "Mabel J. Barnett" ], "claim_ids": [ "C808" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-m-struder", "type": "person", "name": "William M. Struder", "summary": "Millwood man, for years a justice of the peace of Chapel District, who at 75 married Miss Carrie Mae Zombro of Greencastle, Pennsylvania, at the Berryville Methodist parsonage on February 18, 1922.", "aliases": [ "William M. Strader", "Judge William M. Struder" ], "claim_ids": [ "C809" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "carl-l-wellinger", "type": "person", "name": "Carl L. Wellinger", "summary": "Martinsburg, West Virginia, man who married Miss Stella Augusta Trenary at her uncle J. W. Kercheval's home on February 24, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C810" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "stella-augusta-trenary", "type": "person", "name": "Stella Augusta Trenary", "summary": "Daughter of A. B. Trenary and of Augusta Stolle Trenary, formerly of Berryville, who married Carl L. Wellinger at her uncle J. W. Kercheval's home on February 24, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Stella Augusta Trenary" ], "claim_ids": [ "C811" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sophie-gieski-powers", "type": "person", "name": "Sophie Gieski Powers", "summary": "Berryville woman, granddaughter of Phillip M. Powers of \"Auburn,\" who married John Davidson Rhodes, a West Virginia mining engineer, at her mother's home in April 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Sophie Gieski Powers" ], "claim_ids": [ "C812" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-davidson-rhodes", "type": "person", "name": "John Davidson Rhodes", "summary": "West Virginia mining engineer, son of Mrs. R. M. Rhodes of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, who married Miss Sophie Gieski Powers at her Berryville home in April 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C813" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "virginia-gaunt", "type": "person", "name": "Virginia Gaunt", "summary": "Clarke County woman, daughter of John Gaunt, who married Cornelius H. Webster of Cumberland, Maryland, at the Berryville Baptist Church on Easter Monday, April 17, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Virginia Gaunt", "Adelaide Virginia Gaunt" ], "claim_ids": [ "C814" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cornelius-h-webster", "type": "person", "name": "Cornelius H. Webster", "summary": "Cumberland, Maryland, businessman in the wholesale confectionery trade with his brother, who married Miss Virginia Gaunt at the Berryville Baptist Church on April 17, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C815" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-gaunt", "type": "person", "name": "John Gaunt", "summary": "Clarke County man named in April 1922 as the father of Miss Virginia Gaunt, married at the Berryville Baptist Church.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C816" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-e-l-alger", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. E. L. Alger", "summary": "Millwood woman who, with Mr. E. L. Alger, attended the wedding of Ira E. Painter, formerly of Boyce, at Glenarm, Maryland, in April 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C817" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rosa-woolfolk", "type": "person", "name": "Rosa Woolfolk", "summary": "Daughter of Mrs. Eliza Turpin and granddaughter of Capt. William N. Nelson, who married Richard P. Whiting at Westminster, Maryland, in April 1922, the couple settling near Millwood.", "aliases": [ "Miss Rosa Woolfolk" ], "claim_ids": [ "C818" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mettie-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Mettie Levi", "summary": "Berryville telephone operator, daughter of John Levi, who married J. Perry Smith at the Methodist parsonage in Charles Town in 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mettie Levi" ], "claim_ids": [ "C819" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "arthur-ashwood", "type": "person", "name": "Arthur Ashwood", "summary": "Son of S. M. Ashwood, who married Miss Naomi Willingham at the Royston home near Briggs on May 31, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C820" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "naomi-willingham", "type": "person", "name": "Naomi Willingham", "summary": "Clarke County woman, daughter of the late D. W. Willingham, who married Arthur Ashwood at the Royston home near Briggs on May 31, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Naomi Webster Willingham" ], "claim_ids": [ "C821" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "e-p-royston", "type": "person", "name": "E. P. Royston", "summary": "Man of near Briggs at whose home, with Mrs. Royston, Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood were married on May 31, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C822" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "dorothy-murphy", "type": "person", "name": "Dorothy Murphy", "summary": "Berryville woman who was maid of honor at the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood near Briggs in May 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Dorothy Murphy" ], "claim_ids": [ "C823" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "winter-bushong-sowers", "type": "person", "name": "Winter Bushong Sowers", "summary": "Berryville Garage mechanic, son of the orchardist Clayton K. Sowers, who married Miss Mary Denny at her mother's home on Main Street on June 7, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C824" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "evelyn-turpin", "type": "person", "name": "Evelyn Turpin", "summary": "Granddaughter of Capt. William N. Nelson, who married Sumner F. Dudley Walters at Christ Church, Millwood, on June 14, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Evelyn Turpin", "Evelyn Nelson Turpin" ], "claim_ids": [ "C825" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sumner-f-dudley-walters", "type": "person", "name": "Sumner F. Dudley Walters", "summary": "Man of Montclair, New Jersey, by the Courier's report, who married Miss Evelyn Turpin at Christ Church, Millwood, on June 14, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Sumner Francis Dudley Walters" ], "claim_ids": [ "C826" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ellen-mcgill-baker", "type": "person", "name": "Ellen McGill Baker", "summary": "Berryville woman, daughter of Henry William Baker, president of the First National Bank of Berryville, who married Alfred Moss Kerfoot at Grace Church on June 21, 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ellen McGill Baker" ], "claim_ids": [ "C827" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "broaddus-morris", "type": "person", "name": "Broaddus Morris", "summary": "Berryville man, son of F. H. Morris, managing the office of his father's implement business, who married Willa Hough of Findlay, Ohio, at Cumberland, Maryland, on September 7, 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C828" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sylvia-debeck-lewis", "type": "person", "name": "Sylvia DeBeck Lewis", "summary": "Native of Denmark who summered in Berryville in the former home of Dr. Cyrus McCormick, and whose marriage to Richard Isreal of Washington the Courier reported in October 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Sylvia DeBeck Lewis" ], "claim_ids": [ "C829" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-johnson", "type": "person", "name": "William Johnson", "summary": "Clarke County man who married Miss Elsie Marie Jenkins at the Methodist parsonage in November 1922, the register abstract giving his middle name as Orlan.", "aliases": [ "Wm. Orlan Johnson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C830" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elsie-marie-jenkins", "type": "person", "name": "Elsie Marie Jenkins", "summary": "Clarke County woman who married William Johnson at the Methodist parsonage in November 1922.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elsie Marie Jenkins" ], "claim_ids": [ "C831" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "arthur-wright", "type": "person", "name": "Arthur Wright", "summary": "Man of West Main Street, Berryville, whose household had a new daughter in May 1923 and whose daughter Irene married Edwin L. Yancey at the family home that September.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C832" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elmer-smallwood", "type": "person", "name": "Elmer Smallwood", "summary": "Boyce man named in June 1923 as the father of Earl Ray Smallwood, married to Mary M. Shepherd at Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C833" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-elmer-smallwood", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Elmer Smallwood", "summary": "Boyce woman named in June 1923 as the mother of Earl Ray Smallwood, married to Mary M. Shepherd at Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C834" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thos-shepherd", "type": "person", "name": "Thos. Shepherd", "summary": "Man of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood named in June 1923 as the father of Mary M. Shepherd, married to Earl Ray Smallwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C835" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-thos-shepherd", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Thos. Shepherd", "summary": "Woman of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood named in June 1923 as the mother of Mary M. Shepherd, married to Earl Ray Smallwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C836" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "b-w-vorous", "type": "person", "name": "B. W. Vorous", "summary": "B. W. Vorous, a Berryville man named among the guests from Berryville at the wedding of Ernest Locke and Virginia Chrismore at Winchester in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C837" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "chas-galloway", "type": "person", "name": "Chas. Galloway", "summary": "Chas. Galloway, a Berryville man named among the guests from Berryville at the wedding of Ernest Locke and Virginia Chrismore at Winchester in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C838" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-m-f-wisecarver", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. M. F. Wisecarver", "summary": "Berryville woman who, with Mr. M. F. Wisecarver, attended the wedding of Ernest Locke and Virginia Chrismore at Winchester in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C839" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thos-elsea", "type": "person", "name": "Thos. Elsea", "summary": "Thos. Elsea, a Berryville man named among the guests from Berryville at the wedding of Ernest Locke and Virginia Chrismore at Winchester in June 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C840" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "joseph-starkey", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Starkey", "summary": "Farmer of near Berryville named in August 1923 as the father of Sarah U. Starkey, married to Harry J. Symons at Frederick.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C841" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-w-kercheval", "type": "person", "name": "J. W. Kercheval", "summary": "Berryville man named in October 1923 as the father of Cassell C. Kercheval, married to Evelyn E. Wisecarver of Winchester.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C842" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bernard-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Bernard Jones", "summary": "Berryville man in the wedding party at the Hagerstown marriage of Thomas A. Jones and Mrs. Maria Peters in November 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C843" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sigismund-s-ware", "type": "person", "name": "Sigismund S. Ware", "summary": "Berryville clergyman named in December 1923 as the father of Mrs. John Anker, formerly Cornelia Ware, married at White Plains, New York.", "aliases": [ "Rev. Sigismund S. Ware" ], "claim_ids": [ "C844" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "effie-butler", "type": "person", "name": "Effie Butler", "summary": "White Post woman who married Lennis Brown of Milldale at the Methodist parsonage on December 8, 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Effie Butler" ], "claim_ids": [ "C845" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lennis-brown", "type": "person", "name": "Lennis Brown", "summary": "Milldale man who married Miss Effie Butler of White Post at the Methodist parsonage on December 8, 1923.", "aliases": [ "Linnis Brown" ], "claim_ids": [ "C846" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alma-r-owens", "type": "person", "name": "Alma R. Owens", "summary": "Berryville woman named in December 1923 as the sister of Effie Butler, married to Lennis Brown.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Alma R. Owens" ], "claim_ids": [ "C847" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "eva-lee", "type": "person", "name": "Eva Lee", "summary": "Boyce woman named in the February 1921 Minnie Wood letter as a guest at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Emmart.", "aliases": [ "Miss Eva Lee" ], "claim_ids": [ "C848" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-james-vandeventer", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. James Vandeventer", "summary": "Berryville woman named in February 1921 as the mother of Mrs. William B. Crisp and of C. Vandeventer, cashier of the Boyce State Bank.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C849" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-lloyd-dofflemyer", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer", "summary": "Clarke woman named with her husband in the 1921 Minnie Wood letters, visiting and visited by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C850" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-roy-pyles", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Roy Pyles", "summary": "Boyce woman named in the 1921 Minnie Wood letters as the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer, who spent Easter with her and her husband.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C851" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-w-barringer", "type": "person", "name": "J. W. Barringer", "summary": "Berryville man whose house on East Main Street was struck by lightning in the April 1921 hailstorm; he was dazed on the porch but unhurt, and his watch stopped.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C852" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-i-k-briggs", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. I. K. Briggs", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in May 1921 as the mother of Edgar M. Briggs, a Columbia, South Carolina restaurant owner married there that spring.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C853" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rose-moreland", "type": "person", "name": "Rose Moreland", "summary": "Berryville woman who bought the old Moreland home on Rice Street when it was sold at public auction in May 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Rose Moreland" ], "claim_ids": [ "C854" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-frank-galloway", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Frank Galloway", "summary": "Castleman's Ferry woman named in May 1921 as the aunt of Alice Lee Hansucker, married to Leonard H. Bell of Berryville at Shepherdstown.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C855" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "d-d-brown", "type": "person", "name": "D. D. Brown", "summary": "Berryville grocer and butcher who bought the T. Eddy Brown building on Church Street in 1921, named that August as a son of Mrs. Mary V. Brown of Millwood.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C856" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "key-meade", "type": "person", "name": "Key Meade", "summary": "Man of near Boyce at whose home his son Kidder Meade, a New York newspaperman, was recuperating in 1921 from a breakdown suffered in the Argonne Forest.", "aliases": [ "Mr. Key Meade" ], "claim_ids": [ "C857" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-c-lewis", "type": "person", "name": "C. C. Lewis", "summary": "Brother of Mrs. Fenton P. Whiting and of Commonwealth's Attorney W. T. Lewis, named in 1921; a Conrad C. Lewis long of the Fishery Service spoke that August of E. Lee Trinkle.", "aliases": [ "Conrad C. Lewis" ], "claim_ids": [ "C858" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-c-h-blake", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. C. H. Blake", "summary": "Berryville woman named in June 1921 as the mother of Charles A. Blake, a former Berryville High School athlete married in Washington.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C859" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-feltner", "type": "person", "name": "James Feltner", "summary": "Berryville man whose new house on South Church Street had its foundation completed in June 1921, among a number of houses then being built in town.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C860" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "florence-wheat", "type": "person", "name": "Florence Wheat", "summary": "Woman of near Berryville visited in August 1921 by her son, J. Allen Wheat of Charlottesville.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Florence Wheat" ], "claim_ids": [ "C861" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cosie-byrd-wyndham", "type": "person", "name": "Cosie Byrd Wyndham", "summary": "Berryville woman who went with the couple to Robertsville, Ohio, as the only attendant at the wedding of Gretta Bee Wyndham and Charles Leroy Isenberg in August 1921.", "aliases": [ "Miss Cosie Byrd Wyndham" ], "claim_ids": [ "C862" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-g-coleman", "type": "person", "name": "W. G. Coleman", "summary": "Berryville man visited in August 1921 by his brother John Coleman of Eccles, West Virginia, who then left with their mother to visit another brother in Maryland.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C863" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "estelle-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Estelle Rutherford", "summary": "White Post woman named in the 1921 Minnie Wood letters, visiting relatives there and staying with her grandfather, J. C. Rutherford.", "aliases": [ "Miss Estelle Rutherford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C864" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-h-young", "type": "person", "name": "C. H. Young", "summary": "Berryville butcher who in 1921 inoculated hogs on the Young Bros. farm near Wickliffe against cholera and tested the treatment on a gilt at his home.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C865" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-a-lanham", "type": "person", "name": "Charles A. Lanham", "summary": "Boyce hunter who claimed the county's rabbit-killing championship in 1921, with 73 rabbits on the opening day and 115 for the season so far.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C866" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-c-erb", "type": "person", "name": "J. C. Erb", "summary": "Farmer north of Berryville who posted his land against hunters in November 1921, saying careless hunters had shot a steer and a sheep on his farm the year before.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C867" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "l-j-foley", "type": "person", "name": "L. J. Foley", "summary": "L. J. Foley, a Berryville man named in November 1921 among those who supplied Clarke's figures to the state Game Commissioner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C868" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "h-w-kerfoot", "type": "person", "name": "H. W. Kerfoot", "summary": "H. W. Kerfoot, a Berryville man named in November 1921 among those who supplied Clarke's figures to the state Game Commissioner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C869" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-a-dearmont", "type": "person", "name": "W. A. Dearmont", "summary": "White Post man named in November 1921 among those who supplied Clarke's figures to the state Game Commissioner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C870" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "w-o-wisecarver", "type": "person", "name": "W. O. Wisecarver", "summary": "W. O. Wisecarver, a Berryville man named in November 1921 among those who supplied Clarke's figures to the state Game Commissioner.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C871" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-f-dutterer", "type": "person", "name": "William F. Dutterer", "summary": "Clarke County man named in December 1921 as a brother of Jacob H. Dutterer, a Jefferson County farmer and fruit grower who died suddenly.", "aliases": [ "Wm. Dutterer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C872" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "rosa-randolph", "type": "person", "name": "Rosa Randolph", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in December 1921 as the mother of Percy Charrington Randolph, married to Jean McNeill Carson at Riverton, and widow of William F. Randolph.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Rosa Randolph" ], "claim_ids": [ "C873" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louisa-glass", "type": "person", "name": "Louisa Glass", "summary": "Berryville woman reported in the White Post news of February 1922 as visiting a cousin there.", "aliases": [ "Miss Louisa Glass" ], "claim_ids": [ "C874" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-c-a-rutherford", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. C. A. Rutherford", "summary": "White Post woman named in the Minnie Wood letters of 1922 and 1923, the mother of Estelle Rutherford, visiting her husband's relatives there.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C875" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-m-b-pulliam", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. M. B. Pulliam", "summary": "Berryville woman named in April 1922 as the mother of Katerine Pulliam, a trained nurse who was at the Willard Hotel in Washington when its top floors burned.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C876" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-c-m-gardner", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. C. M. Gardner", "summary": "White Post owner of the Gardner building, her home and W. M. Snell's store, which burned to the ground in May 1922; she and her eight children escaped with only the clothes they wore.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C877" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-turner-ashby", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Turner Ashby", "summary": "White Post woman living next door to the Gardner building, whose house and outbuildings the Boyce fire engine saved when it burned in May 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C878" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-frank-moore", "type": "person", "name": "James Frank Moore", "summary": "Man whom a letter in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922 calls an old Confederate warrior from the Blue Ridge; the headline says he risked his life to save his brother in the Shenandoah River.", "aliases": [ "\"Jim\" Moore" ], "claim_ids": [ "C879", "C1565" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lydia-r-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Lydia R. Hardesty", "summary": "Berryville woman present as a great-aunt at the Pierce family reunion at \"Fountain Head\" in August 1922.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Lydia R. Hardesty" ], "claim_ids": [ "C880" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edith-lloyd", "type": "person", "name": "Edith Lloyd", "summary": "Berryville woman reported in August 1922 as visiting near Upperville with Mr. and Mrs. Turner Huff and attending the Loudoun Camp Meeting.", "aliases": [ "Miss Edith Lloyd" ], "claim_ids": [ "C881" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-l-m-allen", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. L. M. Allen", "summary": "Clarke County woman named in January 1923 among the three children Maggie Higgins Smith had nursed in the Gilpin family, and that October as moving to Winchester with Dr. L. M. Allen.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C882" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-w-atkinson", "type": "person", "name": "George W. Atkinson", "summary": "Berryville man who with Mrs. Atkinson was among the family at Capt. and Mrs. Jacob Warden's fifty-fifth wedding anniversary in 1923, and among the guests at the Withers silver wedding.", "aliases": [ "Geo. Atkinson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C883" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wise-sowers", "type": "person", "name": "Wise Sowers", "summary": "Owner in 1923 of the farm near White Post where, the Courier said, the grandfather of the writer James Hay Jr. had lived and his father was born.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C884" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "dorothy-louise-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Dorothy Louise Moore", "summary": "Dorothy Louise Moore, a Berryville woman named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Dorothy Louise Moore" ], "claim_ids": [ "C885" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "jos-harris", "type": "person", "name": "Jos. Harris", "summary": "Jos. Harris, a Berryville man named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C886" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-miller", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Miller", "summary": "Mary Miller, a Berryville woman named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [ "Miss Mary Miller" ], "claim_ids": [ "C887" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "noble-pierce", "type": "person", "name": "Noble Pierce", "summary": "Noble Pierce, a Berryville man, with Mrs. Pierce, named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C888" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-noble-pierce", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Noble Pierce", "summary": "Mrs. Noble Pierce, a Berryville woman, with Mr. Pierce, named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C889" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "triplett-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Triplett Hardesty", "summary": "Triplett Hardesty, a Berryville man named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C890" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "wilbur-gaunt", "type": "person", "name": "Wilbur Gaunt", "summary": "Wilbur Gaunt, a Berryville man, with Mrs. Gaunt, named among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat\" in March 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C891" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "t-w-whitaker", "type": "person", "name": "T. W. Whitaker", "summary": "Berryville man named in April 1923 as the father of Roy Whitaker, in a report on a Civil War pistol that a Mr. Spealman hoped to recover in Clarke.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C892" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "carter-mullikin-lockwood", "type": "person", "name": "Carter Mullikin Lockwood", "summary": "Berryville woman who gave the Corinthian class cup at the 1923 Berryville Horse Show in honor of her father, Charles Mullikin, and was named that September among the grandchildren of Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Carter Mullikin Lockwood" ], "claim_ids": [ "C893" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "henry-brooke-gilpin", "type": "person", "name": "Henry Brooke Gilpin", "summary": "Boyce man who with Mrs. Gilpin owned \"Scaleby Manor,\" where their son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth N. Gilpin, gave a large dance in 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C894" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nannie-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Nannie Levi", "summary": "Clarke County woman who became housekeeper of the Charles Town Hospital on November 1, 1923, after filling the post temporarily the winter before.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Nannie Levi" ], "claim_ids": [ "C895" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-r-strode", "type": "person", "name": "J. R. Strode", "summary": "J. R. Strode, a Boyce man reported in the November 1923 personals as a visitor to Berryville, known here only from that one line.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C896" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "charles-a-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Charles A. Moore", "summary": "Charles A. Moore, a Boyce man reported in the November 1923 personals as a visitor to Berryville, known here only from that one line.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C897" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "p-c-randolph", "type": "person", "name": "P. C. Randolph", "summary": "Millwood poultryman, called one of the county's most successful, whose December 1923 experiments comparing Wyandottes with White Leghorns the Courier reported.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C898" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "malvin-longerbeam", "type": "person", "name": "Malvin Longerbeam", "summary": "One of the seven Berryville High School graduates of 1921, who gave the \"Key Oration,\" presenting a gilded \"key of knowledge\" to the junior class.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C899" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alice-mesmer", "type": "person", "name": "Alice Mesmer", "summary": "One of the seven Berryville High School graduates of 1921, who delivered the class will at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Miss Alice Mesmer" ], "claim_ids": [ "C900" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "louise-ramsburg", "type": "person", "name": "Louise Ramsburg", "summary": "One of the seven Berryville High School graduates of 1921, who made the humorous class \"Presentations\" at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Miss Louise Ramsburg" ], "claim_ids": [ "C901" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "marion-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Marion Levi", "summary": "Valedictorian of the seven-member Berryville High School class of 1921, first in the class by a fraction of a point.", "aliases": [ "Miss Marion Levi" ], "claim_ids": [ "C902" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ruth-dean", "type": "person", "name": "Ruth Dean", "summary": "One of the seven Berryville High School graduates of 1921, chosen to give the class prophecy at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Miss Ruth Dean" ], "claim_ids": [ "C903" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "catherine-m-denny", "type": "person", "name": "Catherine M. Denny", "summary": "Catherine M. Denny, one of the three graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School in June 1921, who delivered addresses at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Miss Catherine M. Denny" ], "claim_ids": [ "C904" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "nellie-k-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Nellie K. Jones", "summary": "Nellie K. Jones, one of the three graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School in June 1921, who delivered addresses at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Miss Nellie K. Jones" ], "claim_ids": [ "C905" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "elizabeth-fishpaw", "type": "person", "name": "Elizabeth Fishpaw", "summary": "Elizabeth Fishpaw, one of the eight young women who received diplomas from Berryville High School at the close of the 1921-22 session.", "aliases": [ "Miss Elizabeth Fishpaw" ], "claim_ids": [ "C906" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "gertrude-rush", "type": "person", "name": "Gertrude Rush", "summary": "Gertrude Rush, one of the eight young women who received diplomas from Berryville High School at the close of the 1921-22 session.", "aliases": [ "Miss Gertrude Rush" ], "claim_ids": [ "C907" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "grace-young", "type": "person", "name": "Grace Young", "summary": "Salutatorian of the Berryville High School class of 1922, one of eight young women who graduated that spring.", "aliases": [ "Miss Grace Young" ], "claim_ids": [ "C908" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "a-rice-green", "type": "person", "name": "A. Rice Green", "summary": "Boyce Agricultural High School graduate of 1922 who received the prize for best all-around athlete at the closing exercises.", "aliases": [ "Rice Green" ], "claim_ids": [ "C909" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "c-chamblin-funkhouser", "type": "person", "name": "C. Chamblin Funkhouser", "summary": "Boyce Agricultural High School graduate of 1922, called the star athlete of Clarke County, who was to give the salutatory and go to Blacksburg, and won an athletic medal.", "aliases": [ "Chamblin Funkhouser" ], "claim_ids": [ "C910" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "f-margaret-rodgers", "type": "person", "name": "F. Margaret Rodgers", "summary": "Named in the June 1922 announcement as one of the five Boyce Agricultural High School graduates, though the report of the exercises leaves her out.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C911" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "kathryn-m-sprint", "type": "person", "name": "Kathryn M. Sprint", "summary": "Boyce Agricultural High School graduate of 1922, named in the June announcement of the exercises and in the report that she received her diploma.", "aliases": [ "Katheryn Sprint" ], "claim_ids": [ "C912" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "albert-clark", "type": "person", "name": "Albert Clark", "summary": "Boyce High School pupil awarded an athletic medal in June 1922 for the most points in his class at the Berryville field and track meet of May 20.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C913" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "anna-hemsley", "type": "person", "name": "Anna Hemsley", "summary": "Boyce pupil awarded an athletic medal in June 1922 for the most points in her class at the Berryville field and track meet, and promoted from the eighth grade.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C914" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "adah-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Adah Levi", "summary": "Needlework prizewinner at the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for a luncheon set, crocheted table mats, a centerpiece and a knitted article.", "aliases": [ "Miss Adah Levi" ], "claim_ids": [ "C915" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "catherine-funkhouser", "type": "person", "name": "Catherine Funkhouser", "summary": "White Post girl who won first prize for the best baby beef in the Boys' and Girls' Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair.", "aliases": [ "Miss Catherine Funkhouser" ], "claim_ids": [ "C916" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "harry-vernon-pifer", "type": "person", "name": "Harry Vernon Pifer", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Boys' and Girls' Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, placing first in a Poland China pig class.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C917" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "kenneth-simpson", "type": "person", "name": "Kenneth Simpson", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Boys' and Girls' Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, placing first in a second Poland China pig class.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C918" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-hardesty", "type": "person", "name": "Robert Hardesty", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Boys' and Girls' Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, placing first in the Hampshire pig class.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C919" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fleeta-mcnamara", "type": "person", "name": "Fleeta McNamara", "summary": "Leading prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first premiums for canned vegetables, canned fruits, preserves and a table mat.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Fleeta McNamara" ], "claim_ids": [ "C920" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-frank-hart", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Frank Hart", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for pickles, vinegar, catsup and home-made soap.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C921" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-harry-pearrell", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Harry Pearrell", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with a first prize for a crocheted centerpiece.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C922" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-howard-locke", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Howard Locke", "summary": "Embroidery prizewinner at the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for French and colored embroidered centerpieces.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C923" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lora-stimson", "type": "person", "name": "Lora Stimson", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for a bureau scarf and a handkerchief.", "aliases": [ "Mrs. Lora Stimson" ], "claim_ids": [ "C924" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-m-w-jones", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. M. W. Jones", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with a first prize for home-made rugs.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C925" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-r-h-mcatee", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. R. H. McAtee", "summary": "Quilting prizewinner at the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for a silk quilt, a quilt square and a yard of crocheted lace.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C926" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-john-shewbridge", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. John Shewbridge", "summary": "Baking prizewinner at the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with the first prize for the best salt-rising bread.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C927" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-t-m-hooker", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. T. M. Hooker", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with first prizes for the best tatting and in the miscellaneous class.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C928" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-will-moore", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Will Moore", "summary": "Prizewinner in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair, with a first prize for a colored embroidered bureau scarf.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C929" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "herman-bell", "type": "person", "name": "Herman Bell", "summary": "Berryville man who graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1923 to take up teaching at Hampden-Sydney, where by December he taught French and had spoken before the State Teachers' Association.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C930" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "ernest-falbush", "type": "person", "name": "Ernest Falbush", "summary": "Man who pleaded guilty in the Clarke Circuit Court in April 1921 to charges of violating the prohibition laws, and was fined $50 with a suspended jail term.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C931" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "russell-coffman", "type": "person", "name": "Russell Coffman", "summary": "Nine-year-old son of George Coffman of the old Osborne property on the Shenandoah, who broke his arm at play at the Riverside School in April 1921.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C932" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "billy-gaunt", "type": "person", "name": "Billy Gaunt", "summary": "Young son of Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Gaunt, reported in the July 1921 Minnie Wood letter as badly scalded when he fell back into a bucket of hot water.", "aliases": [ "Little Billy Gaunt" ], "claim_ids": [ "C933" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "brookus-lee", "type": "person", "name": "Brookus Lee", "summary": "Man indicted by a special grand jury of the Clarke Circuit Court in November 1921 on a charge of breaking into Spates and Feagans' store at Briggs.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C934" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lester-d-ritter", "type": "person", "name": "Lester D. Ritter", "summary": "Man indicted with Granville Kirby in the Clarke Circuit Court in November 1921 for making liquor, both fined with 30-day jail sentences suspended.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C935" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "justice-longerbeam", "type": "person", "name": "Justice Longerbeam", "summary": "Man of the Boyce neighborhood found guilty by a jury in the Clarke Circuit Court in February 1922 on a charge of seduction and given two years, with a new-trial motion pending.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C936" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "sarah-phillips", "type": "person", "name": "Sarah Phillips", "summary": "Wife of Walker Phillips and daughter of Edward Jenkins, seriously hurt about the head when thrown from a buggy in a runaway in March 1922.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C937" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fannie-kennedy", "type": "person", "name": "Fannie Kennerly", "summary": "White Post woman knocked down and run over by an automobile outside Meade Memorial Church in April 1922 when the driver was blinded by another car's lights; her shoulder was badly hurt.", "aliases": [ "Miss Fannie Kennerly", "Fannie Kennedy", "Miss Fannie Kennedy" ], "claim_ids": [ "C938" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "walker-grubbs", "type": "person", "name": "Walker Grubbs", "summary": "Driver whose car knocked down Miss Fannie Kennerly outside Meade Memorial Church at White Post in April 1922, after another car's lights blinded him.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C939" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-william-a-owens", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. William A. Owens", "summary": "Mother of Claud Owens, badly hurt in May 1922 when she fell in her yard; Dr. J. E. Harris feared her hip was fractured.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C940" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frank-m-galloway", "type": "person", "name": "Frank M. Galloway", "summary": "Mechanical engineering superintendent of Armour's packing plant in South America, of La Plata, Argentina, who in April 1923 set out to visit his father, Frank Galloway of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C941" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-arthur-wright", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Arthur Wright", "summary": "Woman of West Main Street, Berryville, congratulated with her husband on the birth of a daughter on May 6, 1923.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C942" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "george-reynolds-green", "type": "person", "name": "George Reynolds Green", "summary": "White Post man congratulated with his wife on the birth of a baby girl in June 1923, who told Berryville friends he would not trade her for a dozen boys.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C943" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-george-reynolds-green", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. George Reynolds Green", "summary": "White Post woman congratulated with her husband on the birth of a baby girl in June 1923; the notice says mother and baby were doing well.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C944" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-william-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. William Levi", "summary": "Berryville woman named in December 1923 as the mother of Mrs. Cecil Marlowe of Alexandria, whose son Charles William was born on December 10.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C945" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "harry-lee-boswell", "type": "person", "name": "Harry Lee Boxwell", "summary": "Harry Lee Boxwell, a Berryville parent whose children masqueraded with the Walnut Street neighborhood children ahead of Hallowe'en in October 1937.", "aliases": [ "Harry Lee Boswell" ], "claim_ids": [ "C946" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bob-creel", "type": "person", "name": "Bob Creel", "summary": "Bob Creel, a Berryville parent whose children masqueraded with the Walnut Street neighborhood children ahead of Hallowe'en in October 1937.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C947" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "doug-carter", "type": "person", "name": "Doug Carter", "summary": "Doug Carter, a Berryville parent whose children masqueraded with the Walnut Street neighborhood children ahead of Hallowe'en in October 1937.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C948" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mrs-mason-osborne", "type": "person", "name": "Mrs. Mason Osborne", "summary": "Berryville woman remembered in a 1947 Courier column, with her husband, as a masquerader in the town's annual Hallowe'en parade up Main Street, always recognizable by some mannerism.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C949" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "martha-w-levi", "type": "person", "name": "Martha W. Levi", "summary": "Clarke Courier household columnist who in October 1947 recalled the whole town turning out for Berryville's annual Hallowe'en parade on Main Street.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C950" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-freedmens-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Freedmen's Bureau-era school", "summary": "A school at Berryville in the Freedmen's Bureau years, known from an agent's report of April 30, 1868 which records Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson taking it over as teacher.", "aliases": [ "Berryville school, Freedmen's Bureau" ], "claim_ids": [ "C960" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "boyce-colored-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Boyce Colored School", "summary": "A Black school at Boyce, built in 1885 and standing vacant at 35 South Greenway Avenue when the Boyce Historic District was nominated in 2003.", "aliases": [ "Boyce Colored", "Former Boyce African-American School" ], "claim_ids": [ "C956" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-county-training-school", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County Training School", "summary": "The county's Black training school, built at Josephine City in 1930 and carried later under the Williams and Johnson-Williams names. It was enlarged under a 1949 bond proposal, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966, and the building survives as housing.", "aliases": [ "Berryville School", "W.B.T. Williams Training School", "W.T.B. Williams Training School", "Johnson-Williams High School", "Johnson-Williams Middle School" ], "claim_ids": [ "C952", "C953", "C954", "C955", "C1125", "C1130", "C1134" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "alec-cary", "type": "person", "name": "Alec Cary", "summary": "A Black man of Clarke County killed on the turnpike between Millwood and Berryville on the night of September 29, 1869, as reported by the Clarke Courier a week later. The same paper later called him Elliott Cary, and once \"Alec, (or Elliott) Cary\".", "aliases": [ "Elliott Cary" ], "claim_ids": [ "C973", "C975", "C1028" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "pinkey-blakely", "type": "person", "name": "Pinkey Blakely", "summary": "A Black man named by the Clarke Courier's 1869 inquest account as the man who stabbed Alec Cary. The same account says he escaped. Three weeks later the paper reported that a grand jury had found a true bill against \"Pinkey\" for the killing, and that a constable had gone to arrest him in Madison County, his former home, on a report that proved false. No arrest, trial or outcome appears in any report found.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C973", "C975", "C1026", "C1027" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bank-of-clarke-county", "type": "organization", "name": "Bank of Clarke County", "summary": "A commercial bank organized in Berryville in the winter of 1881. Its directors decided in February of that year to put up a building of its own, and the Clarke Courier followed the work from the decision through to the roof going on in September. The foundation dig is the reason this collection holds a record of human remains found on the site.", "aliases": [ "Bank of Clarke" ], "claim_ids": [ "C979", "C983" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-f-lewis", "type": "person", "name": "Mary F. Lewis", "summary": "A Clarke County woman living near Boyce whose claim for supplies taken by Union forces in 1864 went from Congress to the Court of Claims in 1888, was valued at $1,002 in 1891 and appropriated in 1899. Her family knows her as Mary Frances (Bell) Lewis of Locust Grove.", "aliases": [ "Mary Francis Lewis", "Mary Frances (Bell) Lewis" ], "claim_ids": [ "C990", "C993", "C994", "C998" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "richmond-wartime-prisons", "type": "place", "name": "Richmond’s wartime prisons", "summary": "The Confederate prisons in Richmond, Virginia, which a Clarke Courier item of 1886 reached back to. Prisoners of war were held first in converted tobacco warehouses at Rocketts under an officer the Richmond Dispatch called Capt. Gibbs; early in March 1862 they were moved into the Libby and Sons building, which became Libby Prison under Lieutenant Thomas P. Turner. Castle Thunder, a separate Richmond prison often confused with Libby, was commanded by Captain George W. Alexander. This entity exists because the anecdote turns on which prison and which officer, and those are different questions.", "aliases": [ "the Richmond military prisons" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1016", "C1017", "C1018", "C1021", "C1022", "C1023", "C1024" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": "1861", "end": "1865", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "bellview-farm", "type": "place", "name": "Bellview farm", "summary": "A Clarke County farm that B. F. Humston's 1902 will gave his daughter, Mamie R. Sprint, for life, with remainder to her children. It appears as \"Bellview Place\" in his 1904 inventory and as \"Bellview, 300 acres\" in a 1935 tax list. Its exact boundaries and modern parcel have not been established.", "aliases": [ "Bellview", "Bellview Place" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1040", "C1042", "C1052", "C1053", "C1054" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mamie-r-sprint", "type": "person", "name": "Mamie R. Sprint", "summary": "Named in B. F. Humston's 1902 will as \"my daughter Mamie R. Sprint,\" with a life interest in the Bellview farm. A published marriage abstract gives her 1886 marriage to Thomas H. Sprint as Mamie Humston, the name her son's 1944 obituary also uses.", "aliases": [ "Mamie Humston" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1038", "C1039", "C1040", "C1051", "C1052", "C1053", "C1055" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "j-ashby-sprint", "type": "person", "name": "J. Ashby Sprint", "summary": "A Winchester apple exporter named in Clarke Courier reports of 1928 to 1933: an orchard acquisition near Kabletown, a Berkeley Springs cold-storage company, and a lease of railway land under a White Post packing house. His brother's 1944 obituary names their mother as Mamie Humston.", "aliases": [ "Ashby Sprint" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1039", "C1043", "C1044", "C1045", "C1046", "C1047", "C1048", "C1053", "C1055" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-basket-company", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Basket Company", "summary": "A Berryville company chartered in 1921 to make fruit containers beside the Norfolk & Western tracks. The Clarke Courier reported it turning gum logs into baskets for greens and apples through the 1930s, and announced its sale in 1938 to Herbert M. Smalley of Bridgeton, New Jersey.", "aliases": [ "Berryville Basket Co., Inc.", "Berryville Basket Factory" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1095", "C1096", "C1097", "C1098", "C1099", "C1100", "C1101", "C1102", "C1103", "C1104", "C1105", "C1106" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke County aircraft warning posts", "summary": "The Clarke county station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service, which the Clarke Courier reported being formed in June 1941 by H. B. Harris and Townsend Burwell. Its volunteer observation posts were concentrated in 1942 at Berryville, Boyce and White Post and closed by War Department order in July 1943.", "aliases": [ "Clarke county station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service", "Aircraft Warning Service in Clarke county" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1152", "C1154", "C1155", "C1156", "C1159", "C1165", "C1166", "C1167", "C1169", "C1170" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "philip-cunningham", "type": "person", "name": "Philip Cunningham", "summary": "A Millwood storekeeper (Locke and Co., with his brother) who, at the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County to cash checks on April 1, 1965, saw two men leave the bank, followed them on foot, and wrote down their getaway car's license number at Lanham's Grocery. His account was printed by the Winchester Evening Star the next day.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1269", "C1270", "C1271", "C1273" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edith-w-rodgers", "type": "person", "name": "Edith W. Rodgers", "summary": "Manager of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County, who told the Winchester Evening Star that she and teller Frances Hudson faced two armed men during the April 1, 1965 robbery and were ordered into a back room.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1272", "C1273" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "frances-hudson", "type": "person", "name": "Frances Hudson", "summary": "Teller at the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County, reported by the Winchester Evening Star to have faced two armed men alongside manager Edith W. Rodgers during the April 1, 1965 robbery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1272", "C1273" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "r-l-bruce", "type": "person", "name": "R. L. Bruce", "summary": "A Virginia state trooper who, according to a Winchester Evening Star profile by Jack Davis, heard the April 1, 1965 Boyce robbery alert on his radio while driving toward a funeral, spotted and followed the matching getaway car, and stopped it near Double Toll Gate.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1275", "C1276" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "kenneth-lloyd-presgraves", "type": "person", "name": "Kenneth Lloyd Presgraves", "summary": "One of four people charged in the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County. The Winchester Evening Star reported he pleaded guilty on May 10, 1965 and was sentenced by Judge Elliott D. Marshall on July 12, 1965 to 20 years in the state penitentiary. The held reports do not establish how much time he actually served.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1279", "C1280" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "buford-homer-shupe", "type": "person", "name": "Buford Homer Shupe", "summary": "One of four people charged in the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County. The Winchester Evening Star reported he pleaded guilty on May 10, 1965 and was sentenced by Judge Elliott D. Marshall on July 12, 1965 to 15 years in the state penitentiary. The held reports do not establish how much time he actually served.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1279", "C1280" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-clarence-powell", "type": "person", "name": "James Clarence Powell", "summary": "One of four people charged in the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County. The Winchester Evening Star reported he pleaded guilty on May 10, 1965 and was sentenced by Judge Elliott D. Marshall on July 12, 1965 to 10 years in the state penitentiary. The held reports do not establish how much time he actually served.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1279", "C1280" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "mary-matilda-shupe", "type": "person", "name": "Mary Matilda Shupe", "summary": "One of four people charged in the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County. The Winchester Evening Star reported that she initially pleaded innocent, changed her plea to guilty on August 10, 1965, then was permitted to withdraw that plea and plead innocent again on September 13, 1965, with a November 9, 1965 trial date and a $2,500 bond continued. Her final verdict, dismissal or sentence is not established in the reports held for this account.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1281" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lanhams-grocery-boyce", "type": "organization", "name": "Lanham's Grocery (Boyce)", "summary": "A grocery store in Boyce where, according to the Winchester Evening Star, Philip Cunningham ran in to write down a getaway car's license number during the April 1, 1965 bank robbery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1269" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "locke-and-co-millwood", "type": "organization", "name": "Locke and Co. (Millwood)", "summary": "A store in Millwood operated by Philip Cunningham and his brother, named in the Winchester Evening Star's report of the April 1, 1965 Boyce bank robbery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1270" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "double-toll-gate", "type": "place", "name": "Double Toll Gate", "summary": "A Clarke County locale near which, according to a Winchester Evening Star profile of Trooper R. L. Bruce, he heard the April 1, 1965 Boyce robbery alert on his radio while driving toward a funeral.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1275" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "old-chapel-opequon", "type": "organization", "name": "Old Chapel, near Millwood", "summary": "A chapel near Millwood in Clarke County that Gold's 1914 history of the county, Bishop Meade's account of the Virginia parishes and the 1906 book on the chapel call the Old Chapel. The cited passages report an 1834 decision to build a larger church near Millwood, a burying ground that Lancaster (1915) says is sometimes called the Burwell graveyard, and eighteen soldiers buried there.", "aliases": [ "Old Chapel" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1341", "C1342", "C1343", "C1344", "C1345", "C1346", "C1347" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Baptist Church (Buck Marsh)", "summary": "A Baptist church at Berryville that Gold's 1914 history of the county says was constituted as Buck Marsh church in 1772 and whose name, Gold says, changed from \"Buck Marsh\" to \"Berryville\" about 1840. Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers (1913 and 1915) name a \"Berryville Church\" in sketches of ministers; whether those pages are about this same church rests on the name.", "aliases": [ "Buck Marsh church" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1348", "C1349", "C1350", "C1351", "C1352", "C1353", "C1354", "C1355", "C1356", "C1357" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "william-b-moore-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "William Moore", "summary": "A man listed as \"Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865\" in a roll printed in Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County. The entry gives a given name and surname only.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1358", "C1380", "C1381", "C1522", "C1523", "C1524" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "Pius Francis Topper", "summary": "A man listed as \"Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.\" in a roll printed in Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1359", "C1382", "C1383" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "R. O. Allen", "summary": "A man printed as \"R. O. Allen\" in three places in Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County: a roll entry giving him as 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863; a battle narrative naming \"Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry\"; and a list of members of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp. The pages give initials and surname only, and no record read here says that the three are one man.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1360", "C1361", "C1362", "C1378", "C1379", "C1525", "C1526", "C1527", "C1528", "C1529" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "thomas-d-gold-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "Thomas D. Gold (Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry)", "summary": "A man whom the Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915 reports dead at \"Ellwood\" in Clarke County, born February 23, 1845, who enlisted at 16 in Company I, Second Virginia Regiment, was wounded at the second Manassas, was captured in May 1864 and was exchanged in the spring of 1865. A compiled service record for a Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry (the Clarke Riflemen) shows a private enrolled at Berryville on April 18, 1861, a sergeant in 1862, a parole sent from Elmira on February 20, 1865 and an oath of parole at Winchester on April 21, 1865. That the cards are the man of the obituary rests on the name, company and regiment, and is Likely, not Confirmed.", "aliases": [ "Thomas Daniel Gold", "Thos. D. Gold" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1364", "C1365", "C1366", "C1367", "C1368", "C1369", "C1370", "C1371", "C1372", "C1373", "C1374", "C1375", "C1376", "C1377" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edmund-pendleton-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "Edmund Pendleton", "summary": "A lieutenant of Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry whom the Virginia Military Institute Memorial (1875) heads \"of Clarke County, Virginia\" and says was born at Fairfield, Clarke County, on October 4, 1843. The accounts of his death conflict: the VMI sketch says he was killed on the 6th of May (1864), at Spotsylvania in its own sentence and at the battle of the Wilderness in a letter of General Rosser that it quotes, while Gold's 1914 county history lists \"Lieut. Edmond Pendleton, killed at Jack's Shop, fall of 1863.\" The spellings Edmund and Edmond are kept as printed, and the same man is Likely, not Confirmed. Gold's inscription list also prints \"LIEUT. E. PENDLETON.\"", "aliases": [ "Edmond Pendleton" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1384", "C1385", "C1386", "C1387", "C1388", "C1389", "C1520", "C1521" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-w-thomson-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "James W. Thomson", "summary": "A major of horse artillery whom the Virginia Military Institute Memorial (1875) heads \"of Clarke County, Virginia\" and says was born at Berryville on October 28, 1843, second lieutenant of Chew's Battery in 1861, in command of it in February 1864, and later a major commanding a battalion of horse artillery in Rosser's Cavalry Division; the sketch, signed by Colonel R. Preston Chew, says he was wounded on April 5, 1865 and killed the day after. This is the only source for him: no other held book names him.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1390", "C1391", "C1392" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "james-l-ashby-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "James L. Ashby", "summary": "A private of Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry (the Clarke Cavalry) whom the Virginia Military Institute Memorial (1875) heads \"of Clarke County, Virginia,\" says was born in Clarke County on November 6, 1831, son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, who lived in Warren County before the war, and says \"fell dead\" near Trevyllian Station on June 11, 1864. Gold's roll of the Clarke Cavalry prints no James Ashby but prints \"Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864\"; the print does not show whether they are one man, so James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby are two separate entries here and are not merged.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1393", "C1394", "C1427", "C1428", "C1429", "C1567" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lewis-ashby-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "Lewis Ashby", "summary": "A man printed \"Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864\" in Gold's 1914 roster of the Clarke Cavalry (the first entry under \"ENLISTED MEN\"), with an \"L. Ashby\" under Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry on the inscription list Gold prints. Gold also prints a Lewis Ashby in a Co. I, 12th Virginia list, which nothing shows to be the same man. The Virginia Military Institute Memorial has a James L. Ashby of the same company killed at the same place on the same day; the print does not show whether they are one man, so the two are separate entries here and are not merged.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1395", "C1396", "C1397", "C1398", "C1388" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-w-ashby-civil-war", "type": "person", "name": "John W. Ashby", "summary": "A private whom the Virginia Military Institute Memorial (1875) heads \"of Clarke County, Virginia,\" says was born near White Post, Clarke County, on December 15, 1833, second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, and says served in Co. A, 7th Virginia Cavalry and then in Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, a company organized in Warren County where he resided before the war; the sketch says a shell fragment struck him on the morning of the 9th (April 1865) and death quickly ensued. Gold's inscription list prints \"J. W. Ashby,\" initials only. His later residence was Warren County; his Clarke link is the birth statement.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1399", "C1400", "C1401", "C1402", "C1388", "C1430" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "cunningham-chapel-parish", "type": "organization", "name": "Cunningham Chapel Parish", "summary": "A name that Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, Bishop Meade, the 1906 Old Chapel book and a 1921 list use in different ways. Gold says the old log house near the Old Chapel was \"known as Cunningham Chapel,\" reports that the name \"Cunningham Chapel parish\" was adopted in 1866 for the parish and calls it a misnomer; Meade writes \"Cunningham's Chapel\"; the 1906 book names a rector of \"Cunningham Chapel Parish\" from 1858 to 1881; and a 1921 list prints \"Cunning [sic] Chapel Parish; Questionnaire.\" The old log house and the stone Old Chapel are named as two buildings on nearby ground, and the 1921 item is tied to this name as Likely, not Confirmed.", "aliases": [ "Cunningham Chapel" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1403", "C1404", "C1405", "C1406", "C1407", "C1408", "C1409" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "christ-church-millwood", "type": "organization", "name": "Christ Church, Millwood", "summary": "The Episcopal church at Millwood in Clarke County that Gold's 1914 history says was built in 1834 on a two-acre lot given by Mr. George Burwell of Carter Hall, after the Millwood congregation of the Old Chapel became a separate body in 1832. Gold lists its rectors from 1835 to 1881, the 1906 Old Chapel book names a Christ Church Rectory at Millwood in 1888 and a gift of the land, Bishop Meade says communion vessels are used at \"the congregation and church at Millwood,\" and a 1921 list prints \"Millwood Prot. Epis. Church; Quest.; by B. D. Chambers,\" which is tied to this church as Likely, not Confirmed.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1410", "C1411", "C1412", "C1413", "C1414", "C1415", "C1416" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-methodist-church", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Methodist Church", "summary": "The Methodist congregation at Berryville as Gold's 1914 history describes it: early preaching in houses and the old Academy, a first building not dated (\"probably between 1840 and 1850\"), a strong church before the war, a new church \"some years ago,\" and the dispute of the 1860s between the Rev. Wm. Hedges and the Rev. Mr. Lanahan after the Baltimore Conference was divided, which ended with \"our people kept their church.\" Gold never prints \"M. E.\" for it; a 1921 list prints \"Berryville M. E. Church; Report; 3 pp.; by W. H. Ballinger,\" which is tied to this congregation as Likely, not Confirmed.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1417", "C1418", "C1419", "C1420" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "grace-episcopal-berryville", "type": "organization", "name": "Grace Episcopal Church, Berryville", "summary": "The Episcopal church at Berryville that Gold's 1914 history describes under the heading \"Berryville Episcopal\": a church building completed under Rev. Jared Rice for Episcopalians only, Grace Church in Berryville improved in 1848, and a new edifice begun in 1856 and consecrated by Bishop Meade on August 29, 1857, enlarged in 1883. Gold names Grace Church once, for 1848; the later pages say \"the present edifice\" and \"the church.\"", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1421", "C1422", "C1534", "C1535", "C1541" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "berryville-presbyterian-church", "type": "organization", "name": "Berryville Presbyterian Church", "summary": "The Presbyterian church at Berryville that Gold's 1914 history says was organized on June 10, 1854 by a commission of the Winchester Presbytery with eleven members, built largely through Rev. Mr. Baber, with Rev. Chas. White as first pastor until 1875 and its building not injured by U. S. troops in the war. Gold says the Berryville, Stone's Chapel and Clearbrook churches unite in supporting a pastor.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1423", "C1424" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "stones-chapel-church", "type": "organization", "name": "Stone's Chapel", "summary": "A church that Gold's 1914 history places about six miles from Berryville, built for the Lutheran and Presbyterian denominations and by then served by the same pastor as the Berryville Presbyterian church; Gold says it was named, it is supposed, for the man who gave the land, that there is record of preaching there in 1786, and that the present building is probably the third.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1425" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "bethel-baptist-white-post", "type": "organization", "name": "Bethel Baptist Church", "summary": "A Baptist church that Gold's 1914 history says was organized in 1808 with 13 members, most of them from the \"Buck Marsh\" church at Berryville, and built its brick building in 1833; Gold also says a Baptist church at Millwood was organized in 1888 by members of Bethel. The page prints no place for Bethel.", "aliases": [ "Old Bethel" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1426" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "type": "place", "name": "Green Hill Cemetery", "summary": "A cemetery at Berryville. The Clarke Courier reported Decoration Day services there in 1912 and, from the 1920s to 1946, Confederate memorial services and the American Legion's Memorial Day exercises; in 1932 it noted that soldiers of the Civil War, the Spanish American War and the World War are buried there.", "aliases": [ "Green Hill" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1432", "C1441", "C1443", "C1446", "C1449", "C1453", "C1456", "C1541" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lloyd-williams-post", "type": "organization", "name": "Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion", "summary": "The American Legion post at Berryville, with its Woman's Auxiliary. The Clarke Courier shows the post calling an Armistice Day meeting at Winston Hall in 1919 and, with the Auxiliary, leading the town's Armistice Day and Memorial Day observances from the 1920s to 1946.", "aliases": [ "Lloyd Williams Post", "the Legion post" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1438", "C1445", "C1446", "C1447", "C1449", "C1456", "C1457", "C1540" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-rifles", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke Rifles (Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry)", "summary": "The Berryville company of the Stonewall Brigade. A 1948 local history says it was organized in October 1859 as the Clarke Guards and reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry; its captains were Bowen, S. J. C. Moore and J. H. O'Bannon. Its members' obituaries in the Clarke Courier, 1905-1920, tell its story.", "aliases": [ "Clarke Guards", "Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry", "the Berryville company" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1458", "C1459", "C1460", "C1461", "C1462", "C1463", "C1464", "C1465", "C1466", "C1467", "C1468", "C1469" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "clarke-cavalry", "type": "organization", "name": "Clarke Cavalry (Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry)", "summary": "The Clarke County cavalry company of the Confederate army, Co. D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. Its survivors formed the Association of the Survivors of the Clarke Cavalry in 1884, met each summer into the 1910s, and led the effort for the county's Confederate monument, unveiled in 1900. The Clarke Courier reported their meetings.", "aliases": [ "Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry", "Association of the Survivors of the Clarke Cavalry" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1484", "C1485", "C1486", "C1487", "C1488", "C1490", "C1491", "C1492", "C1493", "C1494", "C1495", "C1530" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "janey-lee-pope", "type": "person", "name": "Janey Lee Pope", "summary": "Staff sergeant from near Berryville whose death in action in Germany on December 19, 1944 the Clarke Courier of December 28, 1944 reported; so far as the paper could learn, he was the first Clarke County soldier killed in action in the war.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1252" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "isaac-bowman", "type": "person", "name": "Isaac Bowman", "summary": "Confederate artilleryman and, as the Clarke Courier put it in 1921, for years one of the leading business men of Berryville. His obituary in the Courier of March 15, 1923 names his son Berkley Bowman of Berryville.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C727", "C610" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "edward-jones-wwi", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Jones", "summary": "Clarke County man who served in the World War and was gassed at the front. The Clarke Courier of February 8, 1923 reported his death in Detroit at 26 and his burial in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1116" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "john-oconnor-1812", "type": "person", "name": "John O’Connor", "summary": "War of 1812 soldier of the 4th Virginia Regiment, a substitute for his brother Dennis O’Connor, who died at Millwood on March 1, 1832, as the Old Chapel cemetery record gives it.", "aliases": [], "claim_ids": [ "C1305" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "lloyd-w-williams", "type": "person", "name": "Lloyd W. Williams", "summary": "Marine Corps officer, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams of Berryville, whom the Clarke Courier reported in July 1918 as the first son of Clarke killed in France. He died of wounds received at Belleau Wood in June 1918; the papers give the day as June 11, 12 and 17. The American Legion post at Berryville was named for him, and his body was brought home and buried at Green Hill Cemetery in July 1921.", "aliases": [ "Lloyd William Williams" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1531", "C1532", "C1533", "C1534", "C1535", "C1536", "C1537", "C1538", "C1539", "C1540", "C1541", "C1542", "C1544" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "fred-h-shackleford", "type": "person", "name": "Fred H. Shackleford", "summary": "Private of Berryville, of the 29th Division, who died in France on August 10, 1944. The Clarke Courier first reported him killed, presumably in action, then accidentally shot by a captured German sub-machine gun held by a companion; the War Department's 1946 list counts him among those who died in non-battle. His body was brought home to Berryville in 1948.", "aliases": [ "Fred Howard Shackleford" ], "claim_ids": [ "C1545", "C1546", "C1547", "C1548", "C1549", "C1550", "C1551", "C1552", "C1553" ], "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "dates": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "C01", "text": "Berryville was known as Battletown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E01-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "DHR recognizes Battletown as the earlier settlement name.", "limitations": "This does not, by itself, explain why that name arose.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C02", "text": "The county history dates Berryville's incorporation to 1798.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E02-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "A dated anchor in the county's historical summary.", "limitations": "The original charter has not been inspected in this prototype.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C03", "text": "Gold's 1914 history links the Battletown name to tavern fighting and Daniel Morgan.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E03-1", "E03-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "daniel-morgan", "thomas-gold" ], "establishes": "The explanation is present in a later published account.", "limitations": "Existing OCR was read; page images were not inspected. This is not contemporary proof of the eighteenth-century events.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C04", "text": "Clarke County was formed from Frederick County on March 8, 1836.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E04-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The county government supplies this formation date.", "limitations": "The original act and competing explanations of the split need their own investigation.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C05", "text": "DHR dates the railroad's arrival in Berryville to 1879.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E05-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "A transport-history anchor in the town's register summary.", "limitations": "The underlying railroad records were not inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C06", "text": "DHR dates Josephine City's founding to 1870 on a 31-acre parcel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E06-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The district account identifies the transaction's year and parcel size.", "limitations": "This is a summary of the underlying land records, not an inspection of the deed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C07", "text": "DHR describes 24 formerly enslaved African Americans as the land buyers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E07-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The buyers are described in the district history.", "limitations": "This pilot does not identify or resolve the identities of all 24 buyers.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C08", "text": "DHR includes Josephine Williams among the buyers and calls her the presumed namesake.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified account", "evidence_ids": [ "E08-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "josephine-williams" ], "establishes": "Both her inclusion and the source's qualification are retained.", "limitations": "The naming explanation is not presented as conclusively established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C09", "text": "Clermont describes a November 1867 receipt for a shirt sold by Josephine to her former enslavers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E09-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams", "receipt-1867" ], "establishes": "A specific document has been identified by the institution.", "limitations": "The source description, not the original receipt, was read. No amount or full transcription is supplied.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C10", "text": "Clermont identifies Josephine as the purchaser of Lots 1 and 2 in a September 1870 plat.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E10-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The institutional account names lots and a month.", "limitations": "No lot geometry is reconstructed or displayed; original plat inspection remains open.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C11", "text": "Clermont identifies a May 1871 clerk record of the sale of Lot 1 with her husband, Phillip Williams.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E11-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams" ], "establishes": "A follow-up record is described by the source.", "limitations": "The clerk record and the identities in it were not independently inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C12", "text": "DHR dates the Josephine City School to 1882 and describes local contributions of labor and money.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E12-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The school's date and community funding are supported by the institutional account.", "limitations": "School-board and building records remain separate retrieval targets.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C13", "text": "DHR says the original school was moved in 1930 and used for home economics until 1971.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E13-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school" ], "establishes": "The old school's change of use is distinguished from construction of a later school.", "limitations": "This is not a claim that all later educational buildings were the same structure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C14", "text": "The museum dates its inaugural exhibit to July 12, 2003.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E14-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "museum", "josephine-school" ], "establishes": "A specific milestone from the institution's own history.", "limitations": "It does not establish present opening hours or public access.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C15", "text": "The Clermont account does not establish Josephine's age or when and where she died.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified account", "evidence_ids": [ "E15-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams" ], "establishes": "The limits of the reviewed account are made explicit.", "limitations": "This does not establish that every possible record has been searched. No birth year is inferred from unnamed census entries.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C16", "text": "Clermont's account places Josephine in enslavement at Clermont before emancipation.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E16-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-williams", "clermont" ], "establishes": "An institutional account supports this biographical connection.", "limitations": "This short profile is not a complete biography and does not infer undocumented motives.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C17", "text": "DHR dates the Sarah Stribling house, long associated with the Battletown Inn, to 1810.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E17-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "stribling-house", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The extant house has a date distinct from the settlement's earlier history.", "limitations": "The house is not identified here as the specific tavern in Gold's origin tale.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C18", "text": "DHR places Josephine City within Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E18-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "berryville" ], "establishes": "A geographic relationship supported by the district account.", "limitations": "This prototype does not map the district boundary or imply routes between properties.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C19", "text": "Daniel Morgan's fighting caused the name Battletown.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed explanation", "evidence_ids": [ "E19-1", "E19-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan", "berryville" ], "establishes": "Gold supplies a later explanation of the name.", "limitations": "The causal claim is not independently established in this pilot. It stays unconfirmed even though the retelling itself is documented.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C20", "text": "Gold's preface frames the 1914 work as a Confederate-veteran remembrance project.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E20-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-gold" ], "establishes": "The author's stated purpose provides context for reading the volume.", "limitations": "A source's perspective requires interpretation; it does not automatically prove or disprove every individual claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C21", "text": "DHR says Berryville became the county seat in 1836.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E21-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "A governmental role for the town is specified in the district account.", "limitations": "This summary is not the original county-seat decision.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C50", "text": "DHR names Ellen McCormick, owner of the nearby Clermont estate, as the person who conveyed the 31-acre parcel that became Josephine City.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E50-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "clermont", "josephine-williams" ], "establishes": "The Virginia Department of Historic Resources register entry states this, in the passage quoted.", "limitations": "This is the register's description. The deed itself has not been located or read by this project, and no grantor signature, deed book or recording date has been verified here.", "publication_status": "source_checked_preview", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C96", "text": "The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination states that the 1882 schoolhouse was moved from its original Josephine Street location to its current one, around 100 feet south, ca. 1930.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E96-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school" ], "establishes": "The nomination's account of the move, with the distance it gives; consistent with the 1930 move already recorded from the school's own register entry.", "limitations": "This is the nomination author's narrative. \"Ca. 1930\" is the source's own approximation and is kept; no school-board minute or deed for the move was inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C97", "text": "The nomination states that when the Clarke County School Board authorised the purchase of land directly south of the existing school for a \"colored high school\", the plan was that the old school would be converted into a home-economics and agricultural shop.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E97-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school" ], "establishes": "What the nomination says the old building was to become once the new school was built: a home-economics and agricultural shop, not simply \"home economics\".", "limitations": "The nomination cites a footnote for the board action that this project has not followed to a minute. The sentence states an intended conversion; the later paragraph confirms the building became a home-economics classroom after the move.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C98", "text": "The nomination states that the 1882 building ceased being used for educational purposes in 1971 and was completely renovated in 2002 to serve as the Josephine School Community Museum.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E98-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school", "museum" ], "establishes": "The end of the building's educational use and the year of its renovation for the museum, from the district nomination. The 1971 date agrees with the school's register entry.", "limitations": "A statement about the building. It does not establish when the museum organisation was founded, who carried out the renovation, or its cost. The museum organisation and the building remain separate records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C99", "text": "Kalbian's 1989 county survey states that the Ruritan Club has sponsored a county fair each summer since 1954.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E99-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club" ], "establishes": "That a 1989 survey of the county records the club as the fair's sponsor since 1954.", "limitations": "The surveyor's statement in a narrative theme, with no cited record. It concerns sponsorship, not the founding of any fair, and the 2024 article records earlier fairs at the same grounds.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C100", "text": "A 2024 Clarke Monthly article reports that the 1954 fair in downtown Berryville was, for the first time, sponsored by the newly formed Ruritan Club of Clarke County; the club's own page says it established the Clarke County Fair in 1954.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E100-1", "E100-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club" ], "establishes": "Two accounts, one a magazine retrospective and one the club's self-description, agree that the club's sponsorship began with the 1954 fair.", "limitations": "The same article reports a Clarke County Junior Fair at the horse-show grounds in 1945 and cancellations in 1951-53, so \"established\" is the club's word for the fair it runs, not a first county fair. The article's Clarke Courier citations are second-hand and were not inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C101", "text": "Clarke Monthly reports that when the Berryville Horse Show Association disbanded, the Ruritan Club bought the 30-acre Berryville Horse Show grounds in 1960 and renamed them the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E101-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club", "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The reported purchase, acreage and renaming in 1960, which is why the grounds and the club are linked here.", "limitations": "A 2024 retrospective; no deed was inspected and the association's disbanding is not dated. The article's later statement that the grounds grew to almost 50 acres with 20 structures is undated and is not claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C102", "text": "Clarke Monthly reports that the club's first big project in 1960 was building new grandstands after the circa-1901 wood structure collapsed under a heavy snow.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E102-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club", "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The reported first construction project on the grounds and its cause.", "limitations": "The collapse is undated and \"circa-1901\" is the article's estimate of the old structure's age.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C103", "text": "Kalbian's 1989 survey locates the county fair at the Ruritan Fairgrounds \"just outside of Berryville\", as observed at survey date.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E103-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "Where the grounds were understood to be in 1989: outside the town, not in it.", "limitations": "An observation of 1989. It does not date the grounds and it is why no \"located in Berryville\" relationship is asserted for this place.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C104", "text": "The Bank of Clarke County's history records a retirement dinner held at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds in February 1984, and the bank's 19 April 1984 stockholders' meeting held there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E104-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The grounds in use as a banquet and meeting venue in 1984, from an institution recording its own events.", "limitations": "Incidental to the bank's narrative; it says nothing about ownership, the fair, or other uses of the grounds.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C105", "text": "Kalbian's 1989 survey lists Smalley Package Company, producer of pallets, as one of the three major industries located in Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E105-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "smalley-package" ], "establishes": "That a pallet producer of this name was operating in Berryville, as observed in 1989.", "limitations": "An observation at survey date. It establishes no founding year, ownership, workforce, customers or later status, and \"major\" is the surveyor's judgement.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C106", "text": "Kalbian's 1992 survey repeats the 1989 survey's three-industry sentence verbatim, naming Smalley Package Company as a producer of pallets; it is not an independent second observation.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E106-1", "E106-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "smalley-package" ], "establishes": "That the 1992 report carries the same statement, and that the two reports are one witness on this point.", "limitations": "A verbatim repeat by the same author. It does not extend the company's attested operation to 1992 as a fresh observation, and this project does not treat it as one.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C107", "text": "Archived directory pages list a restaurant named Berryville Grille at 9 East Main Street, Berryville: by name in a Main Street portal captured 24 February 2012, and with the address in tourism and Main Street listings captured 7 March 2015, 16 June 2021 and 11 December 2022.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E107-1", "E107-2", "E107-3", "E107-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-grille", "nine-east-main" ], "establishes": "That a business of this name was listed at this address across a span of captures from 2012 to 2022.", "limitations": "Each capture attests one day. Nothing here gives an opening date, a closing date or continuous operation between captures; the 2012 page shows the name without an address.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C108", "text": "A county tourism page captured in March 2015 described the Berryville Grille as offering a varied menu of lunches and dinners, with wine and beer available with meals.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E108-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-grille" ], "establishes": "What one promotional listing said the restaurant offered.", "limitations": "Promotional copy. Its opinion that the place was among the town's \"most popular\" is not carried here; no menu was inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C109", "text": "A Berryville Main Street directory page captured 14 February 2025 lists SueCat's Bistro at 9 East Main Street as a casual restaurant with a southern-inspired menu; the listing's address field still carried the words \"The Berryville Grille\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E109-1", "E109-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "suecats-bistro", "nine-east-main" ], "establishes": "That a second business was listed at the same address by early 2025, and what it said it served.", "limitations": "The leftover \"Berryville Grille\" in an address field is a trace of an earlier listing, not evidence of when one restaurant closed and the next opened, nor of any transfer between them. The lane reported a closing notice on the bistro's own site in September 2026; that page could not be read by this project, so no closure is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C110", "text": "A Main Street directory page captured 15 April 2026 and the county tourism listing read on 10 September 2026 list Aztec City Mexican Restaurant at 9 East Main Street; the directory describes Tex-Mex favourites and dishes inspired by Mexican cooking.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E110-1", "E110-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "aztec-city", "nine-east-main" ], "establishes": "That a third business was listed at the address in 2026, and what it said it served.", "limitations": "Listed-as-of statements. No opening date, ownership or relationship to the earlier occupants is established, and \"current\" means the day the page was read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C111", "text": "A history page maintained for American Legion Post 41 states that Winston Hall stood on East Main Street where the Bank of Clarke County driveway is now, that it was built in 1881 by Siz Daingerfield, whom it describes as a Black barkeeper, and that it was named for the singer Jenny Winston.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E111-1", "E111-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "The Legion's account of the builder, the date and the name, and its description of the site.", "limitations": "An uncited retrospective. The bank's history gives 1884 as the building date, an 1885 opening, and spells the builder's name Dangerfield; the two accounts are not reconciled here. \"Where the driveway is now\" is the source's locator, not a parcel.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C112", "text": "The Legion account describes the upstairs as the largest meeting hall in town, used for entertainments and school graduations, with a saloon downstairs, and says Post 41 met there from 1920 until 1938.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E112-1", "E112-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "The hall's uses as the Legion remembers them, and the span of its own meetings there.", "limitations": "The bank's history places Daingerfield's saloon across the street rather than downstairs. The Legion's meeting dates are its own institutional memory.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C113", "text": "The Legion account names Griffin Taylor as the hall's operator for years, with a clothing store below, and later owners James W. Gaver and Fred Morris, who sold farm machinery and cigars.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E113-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "Named people who ran or owned the building, and what was sold there.", "limitations": "Operator and owner are the source's words; no deed or licence was inspected. Dates for these tenancies are not given. The bank later bought \"the Morris building\" from the heirs of F. H. Morris, which is consistent but not the same name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C114", "text": "The Legion account states that the Virginia National Guard rented the upstairs from 1922 to 1939 as the armory of Headquarters Company, 91st Infantry Brigade.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E114-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "The armory use and its span, as the Legion reports them.", "limitations": "The bank's history also says the county Guard unit was housed there but gives no dates.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C115", "text": "Two accounts agree that the Bank of Clarke County bought the building in 1957 and demolished it in 1962 for bank expansion and parking; the bank's own history dates the purchase to February 1957, at $25,000, from the heirs of F. H. Morris.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E115-1", "E115-2", "E115-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "The end of the building: purchase and demolition, with the bank recording its own transaction.", "limitations": "No deed or demolition permit was inspected. The Legion gives the purpose as expanding the bank building and parking lot; the bank says a drive-through and a parking lot.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C116", "text": "The bank's history says the hall was built as a theater with a stage and dressing rooms, opened in 1885 with a performance by Jennie Winston, and was where cotillions were danced, the Legion held bazaars and the county National Guard unit was housed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E116-1", "E116-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "The bank's own description of what the hall was for and what happened in it.", "limitations": "A retelling with no citation, written for a bank anniversary. Its 1884 building date and 1885 opening differ from the Legion's 1881.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C117", "text": "In a 2013 Clarke Monthly interview, John U. Miller Jr. recalled being set up in 1942, aged six, with a wagon of watermelons at the corner of Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road, Friday to Sunday in season; the article adds that Nall's stood at that corner in 2013.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E117-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millers-fruit-stand" ], "establishes": "The remembered beginning of the roadside business, and where the writer located the corner in 2013.", "limitations": "One person's recollection seventy years on, reported by a journalist. \"Where Nall's is now\" is a 2013 location marker, not a statement about land, succession or what stands there today.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C118", "text": "The same article reports that in the 1950s the wagon grew into a fruit and vegetable stand selling produce, much of it grown in the family's five greenhouses flanking Route 7, and that Miller ran the stand for over 45 years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E118-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millers-fruit-stand" ], "establishes": "The stand, the five greenhouses beside the road, and the length of Miller's run as he recalled it.", "limitations": "Decade precision for the stand; no end year. The article does not say where the greenhouses stood beyond \"flanking Route 7\", who worked in them, or what became of them. A remembered connection between the greenhouses and a later high-school site is not in this article and is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C119", "text": "The article says the Millers grew one watermelon variety, the Cannonball, described as drought-tolerant, large, fast-growing and sweet.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E119-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millers-fruit-stand" ], "establishes": "The crop that started the business, by name.", "limitations": "The variety's description is the writer's; the elder Miller's river-bottom melon fields and Watermelon Park are a different place from the stand and are not profiled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C120", "text": "In a 2025 tribute reprinting the 2013 article, its writer recalled interviewing Miller in his greenhouse while he tended hydroponic tomato plants; the reprinted text is the same account, not a second witness.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E120-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millers-fruit-stand" ], "establishes": "That tomatoes were being grown hydroponically in a Miller greenhouse at the time of the 2013 interview, on the writer's own memory.", "limitations": "The preface is the only new matter in the 2025 piece. It does not say how many greenhouses were then in use, how long tomatoes were grown, or what the operation was in 2025.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C121", "text": "The 1987 Berryville Historic District nomination inventories 102 W. Main Street as the Sarah Stribling House (historic name) and Battletown Inn (present name), a Federal building of ca. 1810 whose original use was residential and whose use in 1987 was commercial, with a one-storey west wing and two-storey rear wings, then undergoing exterior restoration.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E121-1", "E121-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The surviving building's survey date, original use, later commercial use and 1987 condition, from the nomination inventory.", "limitations": "\"Ca. 1810\" is an architectural attribution, not a documented construction year; no deed, tax record or datestone was inspected. The nomination does not name a builder.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C122", "text": "The same nomination places a \"former Battletown Inn\" at 5 W. Main Street in its account of the automobile era, says the Battletown Inn stood where the Lighthouse Inn then stood on the reputed site of an earlier \"Old Tavern\", and separately inventories the Virginia House, by 1987 the Lighthouse Restaurant and Berryville Variety Store, at 9-13 W. Main as a late-nineteenth-century hotel; it does not reconcile 5 with 9-13.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E122-1", "E122-2", "E122-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn-earlier-site", "battletown-inn" ], "establishes": "That the nomination itself knows a Battletown Inn other than the Sarah Stribling House, and where it puts that earlier inn; and that the address question is the source's, not this site's.", "limitations": "The Old Tavern and Daniel Morgan story is \"reputed\" in the source and is treated on this site as a retelling (see the Battletown story). The 5 W. Main versus 9-13 W. Main discrepancy is left unresolved. \"Lighthouse\" is not an alias of the Sarah Stribling House.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C123", "text": "A 2015 Clarke Monthly feature says the Battletown Inn \"we have known\" began in what was then the Virginia Hotel at the southeast corner of Main and Church streets, and that the name moved to 102 W. Main when the earlier inn's proprietors bought that property in 1952.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E123-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn", "battletown-inn-earlier-site", "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The reported origin of the later inn at another site and the reported 1952 move of the name to the Sarah Stribling House.", "limitations": "A local retrospective naming no proprietors and citing no deed. Its \"southeast corner of Main and Church\" is not reconciled here with the nomination's 5 W. Main or 9-13 W. Main.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C124", "text": "The same feature, attributing the account to Maral Kalbian of the Clarke County Historical Association, says the house was built in the first years of the 1800s for Benjamin Berry's daughter, who ran a boarding house there, that it later housed the Showers family and their cabinetry and tailoring businesses through much of the nineteenth century, and that it \"is said\" to have been a hospital during the Civil War.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E124-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The reported pre-inn life of the house: family home, boarding house, tradesmen's premises.", "limitations": "Attributed local history with no record cited. The hospital line is expressly hearsay in the source and is not asserted; an archive finding-aid entry (\"Motor Car Inn (Civil War Hospital)\") is a lead, not verification. The daughter is not named in the passage; DHR's historic name supplies Sarah Stribling.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C125", "text": "The feature reports that in 1919 the Elder family bought the building and opened \"The Sign of the Motor Car Inn\", listed in the 1920 Automobile Blue Book as a garage and service station as well as an inn, and that it stayed in business until the Battletown Inn took it over in the early 1950s.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E125-1", "E125-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "motor-car-inn", "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "A separate, named business at 102 W. Main between the house's domestic phase and the Battletown Inn.", "limitations": "The Blue Book was not inspected. The takeover date is given loosely (\"early 1950s\") in this paragraph and as 1952 elsewhere in the same article.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C126", "text": "Normalised OCR of the Clarke Courier for 1925 names The Sign of the Motor Car and the Battletown Inn as separate establishments on one page (4 June), and reports the Shenandoah Valley Hotel and Inn Association meeting at the Battletown Inn as guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam (8 October).", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: OCR text, page image not seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E126-1", "E126-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn", "motor-car-inn" ], "establishes": "That in 1925 the two names belonged to two places, and that a couple named Pulliam hosted at the Battletown Inn, as far as OCR can show.", "limitations": "OCR text normalised by the research package; the page images could not be opened (loc.gov script challenge on 10 September 2026). Nothing is quoted. Hosting a meeting shows an operating role, not ownership. Other 1925 notices in the package (a card party, a lodge social, a resident's death at the inn) are held until a page image is read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C127", "text": "The Rotary Club of Clarke County's history says its Charter Night, with 26 members, was held at the Battletown Inn on 10 October 1998, and that Joseph Kerr secured the inn as the club's meeting place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E127-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn", "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The inn at 102 W. Main in use as a civic meeting place at the end of the 1990s.", "limitations": "The club's own account; it names neither the inn's owner nor its operator.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C128", "text": "A Main Street tourism page captured 9 May 2012 presented the Battletown Inn as lodging, and a Main Street directory captured 22 July 2013 advertised Southern cuisine, dining on the patio, in the dining room or the tavern, and entertainment on Thursday and Saturday evenings.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E128-1", "E128-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn" ], "establishes": "What the inn offered, as advertised at two dated captures.", "limitations": "Promotional copy at capture dates. The 2013 listing's claim that the building was \"constructed in 1809 by Benjamin Berry\" is not carried: DHR says ca. 1810 and names no builder.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C129", "text": "A 2013 Clarke Monthly feature names James Lynch and Ming Chan as co-owners of the establishment since 2006, reports renovations (a patio, refreshed rooms and bathrooms, new kitchen equipment, no major structural change), and describes the second-floor Gray Ghost Tavern with a full-service bar, dishes such as fried green tomatoes and shrimp and grits, and live music, at 102 W. Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E129-1", "E129-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn", "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The inn as a working restaurant, tavern and lodging in 2013, and who said they ran it.", "limitations": "\"Co-owner of the establishment\" is the article's phrase and does not establish title to the real estate. The article's \"built in 1809\" and \"restaurant off and on for more than two centuries\" are not carried.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C130", "text": "By 17 June 2015 Clarke Monthly reported the inn's door locked, with a sign promising a reopening that had not occurred; it described a restaurant with several dining areas, an upstairs bar and private rooms, and a separate building of twelve guest rooms with private baths, nine finished, and named the Bernstein Family Foundation as the owner, making repairs and offering the property for sale.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E130-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "battletown-inn", "stribling-house" ], "establishes": "The closure as reported in June 2015, the property's layout, and its reported owner at that date.", "limitations": "The final day of service is not stated anywhere inspected. No later reopening, successor business or present use has been verified; \"currently\" means 17 June 2015.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C131", "text": "The Proceedings article reports that Upton Boyce planted about thirty-four acres of apple orchard north and east of Tuleyries in the late nineteenth century, that the 1880 agricultural census recorded six acres of apple orchard with fifty trees, and that by 1905 he had eighty-three acres in orchard east and southeast of the mansion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E131-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "tuleyries" ], "establishes": "The growth of a commercial orchard on the Tuleyries estate between 1879 and 1905, as the article reads the census and its sources.", "limitations": "Three figures for three dates; they are not one number. The article is a synthesis; the census and the 1905 source were not inspected by this project.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C132", "text": "The article says the surviving Education Building was originally an apple packing shed \"believed\" to have been built ca. 1900, and that its construction \"likely\" coincided with the maturity of the Tuleyries orchards and the harvesting and shipping of apples.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E132-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "tuleyries", "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "A working building of the orchard era that still stands, with the source's own hedges kept.", "limitations": "\"Believed\" and \"likely\" are the source's words; no construction record was inspected. The building is on land that later passed to the University; it is not separately mapped here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C133", "text": "The article says Graham F. Blandy died in 1926 and that his will left 712 acres of the Tuleyries property, not including the mansion house and adjacent lands, to the University of Virginia, to be called the Blandy Experimental Farm with the goal to \"teach boys how to farm\"; the University took possession in 1926. It adds that Horace J. Martin had been farm manager of Tuleyries during the first two decades of Blandy's ownership.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E133-1", "E133-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "tuleyries", "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "The bequest that created the institution, the land it did and did not include, and the owner-versus-manager distinction on the estate before it.", "limitations": "The will and deed were not inspected. The 712 acres are not the whole estate: the mansion and adjacent lands stayed out, so Tuleyries and Blandy are different pieces of ground with different histories after 1926.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C134", "text": "The article reports that in the first full season, 1927, Orland E. White, the first director, found weed-filled fields and scattered old orchards; that Harry Antrim, the farm manager, was placed in charge of the property's commercial enterprises; and that White noted it took $8,000 to run Blandy while the apple crop brought in $4,000.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E134-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "Commercial apple growing continuing under the University, who ran it day to day, and a first-year comparison of costs and crop income.", "limitations": "A source-reported comparison, not accounts: no total revenue, loss or accounting method is given. Director, farm manager and owner are three different roles and are kept so.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C135", "text": "The article says that by the late 1930s the old orchards surrounding the Quarters building were gradually removed as planting within the Arboretum expanded, and that Harry Antrim died in 1931 and was replaced as farm manager by his son Robert.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E135-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "The turn from orchard ground to arboretum ground around the Quarters, and the succession of farm managers.", "limitations": "It concerns the orchards around the Quarters; the article does not say every orchard on the 712 acres was removed, and this site does not say so either.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C136", "text": "The article states that in 1976 the decision was made \"to abandon farming for profit altogether\", that Blandy leased approximately 500 acres to Edward B. Lee Sr., a local farmer, and that approximately 80 acres were set aside for the use of Fairfax Community College students.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E136-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "The end of the University's own for-profit farming, and the two ways farming continued on the land afterwards: a farmer's lease and student instruction.", "limitations": "Abandoning farming for profit is not the end of farming: the same sentence leases most of the land to a farmer. Lease terms, crops and duration are not stated, and no later farm operation is dated here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C137", "text": "The article reports that Blandy Experimental Farm was designated the State Arboretum of Virginia in the year after Edward F. Connor's 1985 appointment as director, that is, 1986.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E137-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blandy-experimental-farm" ], "establishes": "The institution's later public designation.", "limitations": "The year is inferred from \"the following year\" after 1985 in the source; no designation instrument was inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C138", "text": "The bistro's own website carried an undated notice, signed by its two partners, announcing the closing of Suecat's Bistro, citing difficulty finding staff, rising costs, the impossibility of turning a profit at the quality expected, and the resulting stress, and thanking supporters for \"this two year journey\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E138-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "suecats-bistro" ], "establishes": "That the business announced its closing, and the reasons it gave.", "limitations": "The notice is undated; a Facebook post of the same announcement dated 20 August 2025 was reported to the architect from a screenshot not preserved here, so no announcement date is published. The notice does not give a final day of service, \"two year journey\" is not an operating span, and the Facebook post and website notice would be one announcement, not two witnesses.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C139", "text": "The 1987 Berryville Historic District nomination inventories 100 W. Main Street as the Treadwell Smith House (historic name) and Hawthorne Hall (present name), a Federal brick house of ca. 1820, residential in origin and a doctor's office in 1987, with a two-storey rear wing and a twentieth-century portico, \"the only original building left\" at the Main and Buckmarsh intersection.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E139-1", "E139-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The surviving building's survey date, original and 1987 uses, from the nomination.", "limitations": "\"Ca. 1820\" is an architectural attribution; no deed or datestone was inspected. The nomination gives no occupant chronology.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C140", "text": "A 2017 Clarke Monthly building history says the building was put up in three phases: a rear portion on Buckmarsh Street \"presumed\" to date from around 1795, the West Main front built in 1816 \"according to Mrs. York\", and a last addition by Archibald Cummins about 1920.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E140-1", "E140-2", "E140-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The family's dating of the building's parts, as the article reports it, kept separate from the survey's.", "limitations": "Local and family dating, uncited. The 1987 survey attributes the house to ca. 1820 and does not phase it; this site publishes the survey date as the building's date and the 1795/1816 dates as a reported account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C141", "text": "The article says Treadwell Smith bought the building at public auction in 1830 and ran an \"ordinary\", a tavern offering food and lodging, and that after his death in 1872 his son Charles inherited it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E141-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The tavern phase and the first ownership the article names.", "limitations": "No deed inspected; the article does not say how long the ordinary operated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C142", "text": "The article says that in 1887 Dr. Alfred Tucker rented the building for his medical office and a small hospital, and that he died in 1915.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E142-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The building's first medical use, as a tenancy.", "limitations": "Renting is not owning; the article does not say when the tenancy ended.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C143", "text": "The article says Archibald Cummins bought the building from Charles Smith's heirs in 1919, added to it about a year later, hired the county's first public health nurse and opened a clinic there, the building then being known as the Cummins Clinic Building.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E143-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The purchase, the last addition and the clinic phase.", "limitations": "The clinic's operating dates are not stated. The nurse's name is not given.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C144", "text": "The article says Cummins established the Hawthorne Library in the building in 1929 with his own books, and that it remained the county's only public library until the books were transferred to the new high school in 1954.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E144-1", "E144-2", "E144-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "A public library inside a downtown building for a quarter-century.", "limitations": "The library shared the building with medical and residential uses; the article does not give its rooms or hours. Its 1929 date is not settled: the Clarke Courier's own 1935 feature is headlined \"Established In 1930\" and counts circulation from January 1930, while its 1939 notice says Cummins first opened the library in December 1929. This site publishes both and chooses neither.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C145", "text": "The article says Dr. Frank Tappan kept his medical offices on the first floor and lived in an upper-floor apartment, that Cummins willed him the building on his death in 1933, and that during World War II the building served as an informal bus station where waiting soldiers sheltered.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E145-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The Tappan years and a wartime use, on the family's account.", "limitations": "The bus-station use is remembered by the Tappans' daughter and is \"informal\"; no schedule or carrier is named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C146", "text": "The article says Dr. Robert York joined Dr. Tappan's practice in the building in 1953 and retired in 1994, that the Yorks sold the building to Melinda Kramer in 2006, and that after an extensive renovation it held four offices and seven apartments in November 2017.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E146-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The last medical practice, the 2006 sale and the building's configuration as of 2017.", "limitations": "\"Today\" is November 2017; the building was then for sale. Nothing here describes it after that.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C147", "text": "The 1987 nomination says a new railroad depot was built by 1910 near the industrial area on South First Street, a brick station with a hipped roof, bracketed eaves and iron grillwork over the main windows, and inventories the Norfolk and Western Railway Station, Tudor Revival, 1910, as vacant in 1987.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E147-1", "E147-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "The depot's construction date and appearance, and its vacancy at survey date, from the survey.", "limitations": "The survey locates it on South First Street; the 2024 article says Station Avenue south of Main Street, opposite the gristmill. Both are carried; neither is mapped.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C148", "text": "A 2024 Clarke Monthly report says the first railway station, north of Main Street on First Street, handled both freight and passengers until 1910, when the Norfolk and Western built a passenger station south of Main Street on Station Avenue opposite the gristmill, the First Street station continuing as a freight station.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E148-1", "E148-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "That there were two stations, and which one this record is about.", "limitations": "A retrospective without a cited railroad record. The first station is a different building and is not profiled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C149", "text": "The same report says the Norfolk Southern Corporation demolished the station on 2 July 1990, after two years in which the Berryville-Clarke County Chamber of Commerce had negotiated to take the building as a visitors' centre; the railroad would donate the building but not its land.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E149-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "The demolition date and the failed reuse effort that preceded it.", "limitations": "Stated without a cited file; no town or railroad record was inspected. The negotiation is the article's summary.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C150", "text": "The report says souvenir hunters took bricks and iron window guards after the demolition, that one guard ended up at Hip and Humble in the mill opposite the site, that Berryville Main Street acquired it in 2023, and that a town crew installed it at the Main Street entrance to Hogan's Alley in mid-March 2024; Virginia Main Street separately describes the guard as repaired at a local welder's school and installed at the alley's northern entrance.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E150-1", "E150-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "What survives of the depot and where it is now: a salvaged fitting reused as a public-history feature, not the building.", "limitations": "\"Last year\" in an April 2024 article is read as 2023. The guard's provenance between 1990 and its arrival at the shop is not documented. Two source families now describe the installation; neither dates the demolition, which still rests on the 2024 local retrospective alone.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C151", "text": "The 1987 nomination inventories 23 E. Main Street as a police/town office in 1987, office being its original use, a mid-twentieth-century Modern Colonial Revival front with nineteenth-century rear sections, including a mid-nineteenth-century brick ell in the rear that \"was a livery\"; it is listed as noncontributing.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E151-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "The building as the survey saw it: a mid-century office front on an older rear that had been a livery.", "limitations": "The survey dates neither the livery use nor any fire-station use, and records \"office\" as the front's original use.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C152", "text": "The Fire House Gallery at 23 E. Main Street opened in January 2010 and was announced in August 2019 to close on 30 September that year. Its opening day is reported two ways: Virginia Main Street, writing in November 2010, says 8 January; Clarke Monthly, writing in August 2019, says 9 January. The August 2019 report says the Town of Berryville owns \"the historic, two-story former fire station building\" and had rented it to Downtown Berryville Inc., which ran incubator space for start-ups.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E152-1", "E152-2", "E152-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "fire-house-gallery", "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "The gallery's dates and the town's ownership, and the \"former fire station\" description the report uses.", "limitations": "The closing date is the scheduled one, reported in advance, and no source inspected here reports the last day the gallery actually opened. The one-day difference between the two opening dates is left standing. \"Former fire station\" is the 2019 report's description; for dates, see the fire company's own history and its address caveat.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C153", "text": "Clarke Monthly reported three tenants of the incubator space above the gallery: Turiya Yoga and Wellness, with a grand opening on 8-9 May 2015; Gemparcel, in Suite B, opened in early November 2017; and Needles & Pins Fiber Art Shop, opened in March 2018.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E153-1", "E153-2", "E153-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "Three dated occupancies of the upstairs space, each a snapshot.", "limitations": "Opening notices only; no end dates. These are separate businesses that used one rented room in turn, not a succession of one business.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C154", "text": "Berryville Main Street's website, read on 10 September 2026, places its Downtown Berryville Business Incubator at 23 E. Main Street, Suite 202.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E154-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "The upstairs space in use as an incubator programme as of that reading.", "limitations": "A live page read on one day; it says nothing about the ground floor or about when the programme began. The 2019 gallery report describes incubator space in the same building, but nothing inspected here connects that space to this programme, so the two are recorded as separate observations rather than one continuing programme.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Fable 5.1)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C155", "text": "The Clarke Courier of 11 June 1931 announced a clinic for the removal of tonsils and adenoids in children at the Hawthorne Building on Friday and Saturday, 12 and 13 June, with examinations beginning at nine.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E155-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "Medical and public-health work in the building on two named days in 1931, from the paper of the week rather than a later recollection.", "limitations": "An announcement printed the day before. It does not report that the clinic took place, name a room, or establish a standing clinic; the practitioners it names are not otherwise identified here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C156", "text": "A display advertisement in the Clarke Courier of 12 April 1934 gave the Hawthorne Building, Berryville, as the headquarters of The Little Shop, offering suits, dresses and polo coats.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E156-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "A retail business trading from the building in 1934, a use no later account of the building mentions.", "limitations": "An advertisement attests what was advertised on one day. It establishes no lease, opening or closing, and the shop is not profiled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C157", "text": "The Clarke Courier of 21 November 1935 described the Hawthorne Library at five years old, with 2,000 books kept \"through the generosity of Dr. and Mrs. Frank Tappan\", more than thirteen thousand loans since January 1930, morning and afternoon opening hours, and free reading and borrowing; its headline called the library \"Established In 1930\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E157-1", "E157-2", "E157-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The library in operation in 1935, its size, its hours and who paid for it, from the paper of the week.", "limitations": "The paper's own dating of the library differs from its dating in 1939: this headline and the circulation count start in 1930, the 1939 notice says December 1929. Both are published here and neither is chosen.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C158", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of 16 February 1939 placed a benefit bazaar \"in the Hawthorne House in the rooms of the Library and Tappan apartments\", and said the library had been given to Clarke County by Archibald Cummins and \"first opened by him in December 1929\", having since lent about twenty thousand books and magazines free of charge.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E158-1", "E158-2", "E158-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "That the library and the Tappans' apartments were rooms in the same building in 1939: the overlapping uses, in one sentence, from a contemporary source.", "limitations": "A prospective notice about a bazaar; the opening date it gives is the paper's own retrospective statement, and it differs from the 1935 headline. The apartments are not described further.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C159", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of 27 March 1947 gave the Hawthorne Library's hours as weekdays from three to five and Saturday evenings from seven to eight, with books free to read or borrow.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E159-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-hall" ], "establishes": "The library still open, and still free, twelve years after the 1935 account and seven before the books moved.", "limitations": "Two dated observations do not prove the years between them. The notice says nothing about the building's other uses.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C160", "text": "The Clarke Courier of 3 November 1909 reported private advice from railway officials that the depot promised for Berryville would not be long in starting, and said the station, \"sadly needed for so long\", would be one of the best on the system.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E160-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "That a new station had been promised and had not yet begun, a year before the building existed.", "limitations": "An expectation reported from unnamed officials. It fixes no decision and no date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C161", "text": "Under the headline \"New Depot Assured\", the Clarke Courier of 5 January 1910 reported a railway official saying the board had passed the Berryville depot, that it was next on the list to be erected and that work would start when the spring weather opened; the article placed the station on McCormick land south of the turnpike and described steam heat, electric light and accommodation for passengers, baggage, express and freight.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E161-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "The approval and the intended building: where it was to stand and what it was to contain.", "limitations": "Everything after the headline is paraphrased: this page's OCR is badly degraded and only the headline is quoted. The facilities are what the company said it intended, not what was later observed, and the cost figure in the article is illegible and is not carried.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C162", "text": "The Clarke Courier of 2 March 1910 reported that work on the new Berryville depot had started on the Monday and that a large force of men was preparing the ground for the foundations.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E162-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "The start of construction, reported within the week by the paper of the town.", "limitations": "The paper says \"Monday morning\" without a date; this site does not convert that into a calendar day. The article's projected readiness date and cost are illegible in the OCR and are not carried.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C163", "text": "In May 1910 the Courier named O. L. Burnett of the J. P. Pettijohn Company of Lynchburg as contractor for the new Norfolk & Western depot, reported that the railway wanted the building finished on or before 1 August, and described excavation for the foundations and cellar and a trench for a water line run from the Main Street main.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E163-1", "E163-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "Who was building the station, and the date the railway was working towards.", "limitations": "A date the company desired is not a contract date or an outcome. The May reports describe work in progress, not completion.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C164", "text": "By 27 July 1910 the Courier described the depot as rapidly nearing completion, with outside painting finished and painters at work inside, and on 10 August reported the finishing touches under way and Station Agent Macomb expecting to move in \"next Sunday if everything goes well\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E164-1", "E164-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-passenger-depot" ], "establishes": "How close the building was to finished in the last weeks, and what the agent expected.", "limitations": "A conditional expectation of moving in is not an opening. No issue confirming occupancy, a train met at the new platform or a ticket sold was recovered, so this site records no opening date for the station.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C165", "text": "The John H. Enders Fire Company's history says a firehouse was built on East Main Street in 1935, \"a couple of doors up from the John H. Enders Funeral Home\", and that the building \"has been used as offices for The Town of Berryville and its Police Department since 1958\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E165-1", "E165-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "A dated firehouse and a dated municipal use for a building on East Main, from the company that occupied it.", "limitations": "The page prints no street number, so it does not by itself say this is 23 East Main; the identification rests on the 1987 survey, which records 23 East Main as the police and town office. The company's move to South Buckmarsh Street is undated on the page, and the years 1935 and 1958 are the company's own recollection, not a record it cites.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C166", "text": "Modern Mercantile's directory profile says the business opened in November 2014 and lists it at 23 East Main Street, but the business's own site gave 13 South Church Street in a capture of October 2014 and still gave it in a capture of August 2019; when it moved to East Main is not established here.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E166-1", "E166-2", "E166-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "twenty-three-east-main" ], "establishes": "That a business's opening date and its present address are two different facts, and that this one did not open at this address.", "limitations": "The captures attest what the business published on those two days. No source inspected here dates the move or the first day at 23 East Main.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C167", "text": "The Project HOPE associated with Carter Hall is Project HOPE – The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc., employer identification number 53-0242962. Its own filed returns, the IRS master-file extract and its own website agree on that name and that number.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E167-1", "E167-2", "E167-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "project-hope-people-to-people" ], "establishes": "Which legal organization the name refers to, anchored to a single federal identifier that appears in the organization's own filings.", "limitations": "The three sources agree on the EIN and the name. They do not agree on address and are not three independent witnesses: the master-file extract and the website both describe the present and give 1101 Connecticut Ave NW, while the four returns read are dated filings giving 1220 19th St NW, and the master file is derived from what filers and the IRS record rather than an independent observation. The corroboration is of identity, not of any address over time.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C168", "text": "On its tax year 2020 Form 990, filed November 12, 2021, the organization stated that the landmarks donated to it include “THE CARTER HALL ESTATE AND MULTIPLE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN MILLWOOD, VIRGINIA,” that “THE FOUNDATION HAS ITS HEADQUARTERS LOCATED ON THIS LAND,” and that it “ALSO USES THE PROPERTY TO PROVIDE A CONFERENCE CENTER.”", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E168-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "project-hope-people-to-people", "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the organization itself, in a return filed under EIN 53-0242962, described Carter Hall as its headquarters and as a conference property. The link between the organization and the place therefore rests on the filer's own statement rather than on matching names between two systems.", "limitations": "This is the organization's account of itself in a filed return, not an independent observation. Schedule D Part III line 4 is a description, and the return does not say whether it speaks to the tax year or to the filing date. It gives no start date, no end date, and no statement about who held title. It describes the estate as donated but does not say by whom or when.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C169", "text": "Carter Hall is in Clarke County. It appears in the county's own parcel layer as account 5981, tax map 30-A-15, legal description “CARTER HALL ON RT 255,” 87.3191 acres, addressed 505 Carter Hall Lane.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E169-1", "E169-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The property's location in Clarke County from the county's own record. A parcel carried in a county's parcel layer is in that county by construction.", "limitations": "Postal geography is not county geography, so the Millwood 22646 address does not establish the county and is not used to. The layer is a snapshot dated April 16, 2026 recording current ownership, not a transaction history, and its deed book and page field is an index citation rather than an inspected instrument. Note that the county addresses the parcel 505 Carter Hall Lane, while the 255 Carter Hall Lane that appears on the organization's tax year 2020 and 2021 returns is the address reported there for a related entry of charitable remainder trusts, not the filer's own address. Whether the two street numbers describe the same point is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C170", "text": "Clarke County's assessment record for that parcel carries a transfer from a grantor named “PEOPLE TO PEOPLE HEALTH FDN INC” at $5,750,000, citing instrument Deed Book 687 page 634, with a Sale Date field reading 08/25/2021. The same record carries an earlier acquisition instrument, D-124-616, at a sale price of $0.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an index entry, not an inspected instrument", "evidence_ids": [ "E170-1", "E170-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood", "project-hope-people-to-people" ], "establishes": "That the county's assessment system records a transfer of the Carter Hall parcel away from a grantor bearing the organization's name, and cites the instrument by book and page.", "limitations": "This is the county's index of a recorded instrument, not the instrument. No deed was read. The page labels its column “Sale Date” and defines it nowhere, so whether the figure records execution, recording or the assessor's transfer date is not established, and it must not be read as a date of occupancy: a title record is not an occupancy record. The county identifies its grantor by name only — no county record read carries an EIN — so the link to EIN 53-0242962 rests on name correspondence together with the organization's own return naming the same property. The grantor and date of the $0 instrument did not render in the retrieved page, and a $0 price in an assessment system does not by itself establish a gift.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C171", "text": "The county's assessment records for two parcels off Route 255, together about 28 acres, carry a 2017 transfer from the same named grantor at $2,103,000 under a single instrument, D-613-537, with a Sale Date field reading 02/14/2017 and the legal description “APPLE HILL OFF RT 255.”", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an index entry, not an inspected instrument", "evidence_ids": [ "E171-1", "E171-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That other land off the same route was transferred away from the same named grantor several years before the Carter Hall parcel, under its own instrument.", "limitations": "The same limits as the Carter Hall entry: an index, not a deed, with an undefined date field and a grantor identified by name only. Nothing read establishes that these parcels adjoin the Carter Hall parcel or share a boundary with it, and no adjacency is claimed. How this land related to the Carter Hall estate, and whether other land moved between these two transfers, is not established by anything read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C172", "text": "Project HOPE's own history page states that the organization was incorporated on December 29, 1958, names Dr. William B. Walsh as its founder, and gives its tax identification number as 53-0242962.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E172-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "project-hope-people-to-people" ], "establishes": "The organization's published account of its own founding, and a third statement of the identifier by the organization itself.", "limitations": "The organization's own account, not an inspected certificate of incorporation or a state corporate record. The page names no state of incorporation. An incorporation date, the date federal tax exemption was recognized, and the opening of any particular facility are three different events and are not treated here as one: the IRS master-file record for this organization carries a ruling value of January 1999, which is a recognition-record date and not an incorporation date. The page does not mention Millwood or Carter Hall.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C200", "text": "Barns of Rose Hill describes its work as: Barns of Rose Hill is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit community arts center in historic Berryville, Virginia. Throughout the year, we offer a variety of programs for people of all ages, including live music, exhibitions, educational workshops, film screenings, art classes, community programs, and more.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E200" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. This is the organization's account of its own work; nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C201", "text": "Barns of Rose Hill publishes a street address for its own premises that falls in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: self-published address, county determined by geocoding", "evidence_ids": [ "E201" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "That the organization states a street address for its own premises, and that this project placed that address in Clarke County, Virginia (FIPS 51043).", "limitations": "The address is the organization's own statement; no deed, lease or county record was inspected. Placing it in Clarke County is this project's determination, from a US Census Bureau geocoder address match confirmed by an FCC Area API county lookup of the coordinates that geocoder returned. That second step checks the county for those coordinates; it is not an independent geocode of the address, so it cannot catch an address the Census geocoder placed at the wrong point. The street address itself is not published here, and where the organization's work reaches was not measured.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C202", "text": "Barns of Rose Hill is listed in the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File under EIN 27-0103521 as a 501(c)(3) organization, with a ruling year of 2004 recorded in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E202" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal name, EIN and subsection as the IRS records them, and the ruling year the extract carries.", "limitations": "The IRS recognized this organization's tax-exempt status in 2004. That is the year of the determination as carried in this extract, and it is not necessarily the founding year: an organization can be recognized long after it began, and nothing here establishes when it was founded. Listing is not evidence that the organization is operating now, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C203", "text": "The IRS classifies Barns of Rose Hill under Arts, Culture and Humanities.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E203" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "The mission category the IRS assigns this organization. The category is the IRS's own classification code for the organization, not the organization's description of what it does.", "limitations": "A broad category is not a description of programs.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C204", "text": "Returns for Barns of Rose Hill are located in the filing index for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E204" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "Which fiscal years of return the index returns for this EIN, and on which forms. The segment lists each year with its form, fiscal period and return identifier, so the coverage can be checked record by record.", "limitations": "Returns are listed for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990. A listed return is one that can be located in the filing index, not one that has been read: no document was retrieved, no amount from any return is reported in this note, and a directory entry is not an audit. Years missing from that count are years these sources did not return, which is not evidence that nothing was filed; no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C205", "text": "Clarke County Education Foundation describes its work as: The Clarke County Education Foundation is an independent public charity dedicated to promoting, expanding, and augmenting the educational opportunities for students and staff in the Clarke County Public Schools, by generating private support and involvement.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E205" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. This is the organization's account of its own work; nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C206", "text": "Clarke County Education Foundation publishes a street address for its own premises that falls in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: self-published address, county determined by geocoding", "evidence_ids": [ "E206" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "That the organization states a street address for its own premises, and that this project placed that address in Clarke County, Virginia (FIPS 51043).", "limitations": "The address is the organization's own statement; no deed, lease or county record was inspected. Placing it in Clarke County is this project's determination, from a US Census Bureau geocoder address match confirmed by an FCC Area API county lookup of the coordinates that geocoder returned. That second step checks the county for those coordinates; it is not an independent geocode of the address, so it cannot catch an address the Census geocoder placed at the wrong point. The street address itself is not published here, and where the organization's work reaches was not measured.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C207", "text": "Clarke County Education Foundation is listed in the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File under EIN 54-1606545 as a 501(c)(3) organization, with a ruling year of 1973 recorded in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E207" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal name, EIN and subsection as the IRS records them, and the ruling year the extract carries.", "limitations": "The IRS recognized this organization's tax-exempt status in 1973. That is the year of the determination as carried in this extract, and it is not necessarily the founding year: an organization can be recognized long after it began, and nothing here establishes when it was founded. Listing is not evidence that the organization is operating now, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C208", "text": "The IRS classifies Clarke County Education Foundation under Education.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E208" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "The mission category the IRS assigns this organization. The category is the IRS's own classification code for the organization, not the organization's description of what it does.", "limitations": "A broad category is not a description of programs.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C209", "text": "Returns for Clarke County Education Foundation are located in the filing index for 14 fiscal years, 2012 through 2025, on Form 990.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E209" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "Which fiscal years of return the index returns for this EIN, and on which forms. The segment lists each year with its form, fiscal period and return identifier, so the coverage can be checked record by record.", "limitations": "Returns are listed for 14 fiscal years, 2012 through 2025, on Form 990. A listed return is one that can be located in the filing index, not one that has been read: no document was retrieved, no amount from any return is reported in this note, and a directory entry is not an audit. Years missing from that count are years these sources did not return, which is not evidence that nothing was filed; no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C210", "text": "Clarke County Historical Association describes its work as: In 2004, the Clarke County Historical Association began planning a new and exciting museum experience for visitors to our headquarters in Berryville.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E210" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. This is the organization's account of its own work; nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C211", "text": "Clarke County Historical Association publishes a street address for its own premises that falls in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: self-published address, county determined by geocoding", "evidence_ids": [ "E211" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "That the organization states a street address for its own premises, and that this project placed that address in Clarke County, Virginia (FIPS 51043).", "limitations": "The address is the organization's own statement; no deed, lease or county record was inspected. Placing it in Clarke County is this project's determination, from a US Census Bureau geocoder address match confirmed by an FCC Area API county lookup of the coordinates that geocoder returned. That second step checks the county for those coordinates; it is not an independent geocode of the address, so it cannot catch an address the Census geocoder placed at the wrong point. The street address itself is not published here, and where the organization's work reaches was not measured.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C212", "text": "Clarke County Historical Association is listed in the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File under EIN 54-6044234 as a 501(c)(3) organization, with a ruling year of 1963 recorded in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E212" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal name, EIN and subsection as the IRS records them, and the ruling year the extract carries.", "limitations": "The IRS recognized this organization's tax-exempt status in 1963. That is the year of the determination as carried in this extract, and it is not necessarily the founding year: an organization can be recognized long after it began, and nothing here establishes when it was founded. Listing is not evidence that the organization is operating now, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C213", "text": "The IRS extract records no mission classification for Clarke County Historical Association.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E213" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "That the extract's mission-category field is empty for this organization.", "limitations": "An empty category field is an absence in the register, not a statement about the organization.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C214", "text": "Returns for Clarke County Historical Association are located in the filing index for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E214" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "Which fiscal years of return the index returns for this EIN, and on which forms. The segment lists each year with its form, fiscal period and return identifier, so the coverage can be checked record by record.", "limitations": "Returns are listed for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990. A listed return is one that can be located in the filing index, not one that has been read: no document was retrieved, no amount from any return is reported in this note, and a directory entry is not an audit. Years missing from that count are years these sources did not return, which is not evidence that nothing was filed; no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C215", "text": "The Clarke County Historical Association publishes the Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, a volume of which this site cites as a source.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the cited volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E215" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "That the association publishes the Proceedings, and that material already cited on this site comes from it. This is the cross-link between the organization's directory entry and the publisher role it already had here.", "limitations": "The cited volume establishes that the association published it; it says nothing about the association's current programs.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C216", "text": "FISH of Clarke County describes its work as: Our mission is to make sure everyone in Clarke County has access to the food, clothing, and support they need.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E216" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. This is the organization's account of its own work; nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C217", "text": "FISH of Clarke County publishes a street address for its own premises that falls in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: self-published address, county determined by geocoding", "evidence_ids": [ "E217" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the organization states a street address for its own premises, and that this project placed that address in Clarke County, Virginia (FIPS 51043).", "limitations": "The address is the organization's own statement; no deed, lease or county record was inspected. Placing it in Clarke County is this project's determination, from a US Census Bureau geocoder address match confirmed by an FCC Area API county lookup of the coordinates that geocoder returned. That second step checks the county for those coordinates; it is not an independent geocode of the address, so it cannot catch an address the Census geocoder placed at the wrong point. The street address itself is not published here, and where the organization's work reaches was not measured.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C218", "text": "FISH of Clarke County is listed in the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File under EIN 54-1554571 as a 501(c)(3) organization, with a ruling year of 1993 recorded in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E218" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal name, EIN and subsection as the IRS records them, and the ruling year the extract carries.", "limitations": "The IRS recognized this organization's tax-exempt status in 1993. That is the year of the determination as carried in this extract, and the IRS ruling year does not establish its founding date: an organization can be recognized long after it began. FISH's own website dates its founding to 1968. Listing is not evidence that the organization is operating now, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C219", "text": "The IRS classifies FISH of Clarke County under Human Services.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E219" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The mission category the IRS assigns this organization. The category is the IRS's own classification code for the organization, not the organization's description of what it does.", "limitations": "A broad category is not a description of programs.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C220", "text": "Returns for FISH of Clarke County are located in the filing index for 12 fiscal years, 2012 through 2023, on Form 990 and Form 990-EZ.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E220" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Which fiscal years of return the index returns for this EIN, and on which forms. The segment lists each year with its form, fiscal period and return identifier, so the coverage can be checked record by record.", "limitations": "Returns are listed for 12 fiscal years, 2012 through 2023, on Form 990 and Form 990-EZ. A listed return is one that can be located in the filing index, not one that has been read: no document was retrieved, no amount from any return is reported in this note, and a directory entry is not an audit. Years missing from that count are years these sources did not return, which is not evidence that nothing was filed; no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C221", "text": "Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association publishes a street address for its own premises that falls in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: self-published address, county determined by geocoding", "evidence_ids": [ "E221" ], "entity_ids": [ "shenandoah-valley-steam-gas" ], "establishes": "That the organization states a street address for its own premises, and that this project placed that address in Clarke County, Virginia (FIPS 51043).", "limitations": "The address is the organization's own statement; no deed, lease or county record was inspected. Placing it in Clarke County is this project's determination, from a US Census Bureau geocoder address match confirmed by an FCC Area API county lookup of the coordinates that geocoder returned. That second step checks the county for those coordinates; it is not an independent geocode of the address, so it cannot catch an address the Census geocoder placed at the wrong point. The street address itself is not published here, and where the organization's work reaches was not measured.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C222", "text": "Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association is listed in the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File under EIN 54-1534037 as a 501(c)(3) organization, with a ruling year of 1991 recorded in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E222" ], "entity_ids": [ "shenandoah-valley-steam-gas" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal name, EIN and subsection as the IRS records them, and the ruling year the extract carries.", "limitations": "The IRS recognized this organization's tax-exempt status in 1991. That is the year of the determination as carried in this extract, and it is not necessarily the founding year: an organization can be recognized long after it began, and nothing here establishes when it was founded. Listing is not evidence that the organization is operating now, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C223", "text": "The IRS extract records no mission classification for Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the IRS register", "evidence_ids": [ "E223" ], "entity_ids": [ "shenandoah-valley-steam-gas" ], "establishes": "That the extract's mission-category field is empty for this organization.", "limitations": "An empty category field is an absence in the register, not a statement about the organization.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C224", "text": "Returns for Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association are located in the filing index for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E224" ], "entity_ids": [ "shenandoah-valley-steam-gas" ], "establishes": "Which fiscal years of return the index returns for this EIN, and on which forms. The segment lists each year with its form, fiscal period and return identifier, so the coverage can be checked record by record.", "limitations": "Returns are listed for 13 fiscal years, 2012 through 2024, on Form 990. A listed return is one that can be located in the filing index, not one that has been read: no document was retrieved, no amount from any return is reported in this note, and a directory entry is not an audit. Years missing from that count are years these sources did not return, which is not evidence that nothing was filed; no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C230", "text": "On 9 September 2026 the Winchester Star reported that Barns of Rose Hill had completed a decade-long campaign that raised $2 million to establish a permanent endowment.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a dated newspaper report carrying the organization's figure", "evidence_ids": [ "E230", "E231", "E232" ], "entity_ids": [ "barns-of-rose-hill" ], "establishes": "That the campaign is reported complete, and that the $2 million was raised to establish a permanent endowment — not pledged, not an unmet goal, and not a balance confirmed by any financial statement.", "limitations": "This endowment is not operating money. It is a permanent fund; the organization's own page says it invests for income and long-term growth and spends a portion of earnings each year on programs. Its executive director is quoted saying that annual gifts, memberships, sponsorships, grants and ticket revenue remain essential for the Barns to keep presenting programs and caring for its building. Nothing here states the fund's balance, its spending rate or its terms, and no return or financial statement was inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C250", "text": "Clermont Foundation describes its work as: Clermont Farm is a historic, 360-acre property in Clarke County, Virginia, dedicated to education, preservation, and community enrichment. Operated by the Clermont Foundation in partnership with the farm's owner, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E250" ], "entity_ids": [ "clermont-foundation" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. Nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C251", "text": "The Clermont Foundation operates Clermont Farm, which its own site places in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own statement about a property", "evidence_ids": [ "E251" ], "entity_ids": [ "clermont-foundation" ], "establishes": "The organization's own account of its connection to Clarke County.", "limitations": "The inventory could not geocode this rural address: neither the US Census batch geocoder nor OpenStreetMap Nominatim returned a match, which is why the record sits in the provisional cohort at medium confidence. The farm's own site states the county in words. The scope document is explicit that a geocoder is a verification aid rather than the definition of locality, so this entry rests on the organization's own statement and says so. It is a DIFFERENT basis from the five, not a weaker version of the same one. Nothing here inspects a deed, a lease or the terms of the partnership.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C252", "text": "Clermont Foundation is listed as a 501(c)(3) organization under EIN 27-3143754, with an address of record in Berryville, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E252" ], "entity_ids": [ "clermont-foundation" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal identity and the address the filing index carries for it.", "limitations": "The address of record is a filing address. The organization's Clarke connection rests on its own statement about the farm, not on this field. Listing is not evidence that the organization is currently operating, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C253", "text": "Casey Trees describes its work as: Casey Trees [...] restore, enhance, and protect the tree canopy of our nation's capital. [On the Berryville farm:] a 730-acre farm along the Shenandoah River in Berryville, Virginia [which] produces approximately 7,000 trees annually with over 50,000 trees in inventory.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E253" ], "entity_ids": [ "casey-trees" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. Nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C254", "text": "Casey Trees operates Casey Tree Farm, a 730-acre farm in Clarke County, Virginia, which grows trees for planting elsewhere.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own statement about a property", "evidence_ids": [ "E254" ], "entity_ids": [ "casey-trees" ], "establishes": "The organization's own account of its connection to Clarke County.", "limitations": "The headquarters is Washington and the service area is the tree canopy of Washington, DC and surrounding municipalities -- NEITHER is Clarke County. The local connection is the farm and nothing wider. No deed was inspected and the farm's acreage, output and ownership are the organization's own statements.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C255", "text": "Casey Trees is listed as a 501(c)(3) organization under EIN 31-1766444, with an address of record in Washington, DC.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the filing index", "evidence_ids": [ "E255" ], "entity_ids": [ "casey-trees" ], "establishes": "The organization's legal identity and the address the filing index carries for it.", "limitations": "Casey Trees is registered in the District of Columbia and is therefore ABSENT from the Virginia extract behind this project's inventory -- a documented limit of that universe, not a gap. Its address of record is its Washington headquarters, not the Clarke County farm. Listing is not evidence that the organization is currently operating, and this record establishes nothing about its conduct or its finances.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C173", "text": "Audley Farm is in Clarke County, in the Battletown district. The county's parcel layer carries it as account 2397, tax map 15-A-4, and the county's assessment record gives its legal description as “AUDLEY FARM & BUENA VISTA,” tract 1 of 822.798 acres, addressed along Audley Lane and Nellie Custis Lane.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E173-1", "E173-2", "E173-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm" ], "establishes": "The farm's location and extent as the county's own records carry them, and the sixteen street addresses the assessment record attaches to the single parcel.", "limitations": "The 822.798 acres is this one parcel. Seventeen other parcels in the layer carry the same billing name and come to roughly 1,990 further acres, and nothing read says which of them the farm works; the farm's own site gives its extent as 3,000 acres, which is also the figure it gives for the 1749 grant. The parcel layer is a snapshot dated April 16, 2026 and the assessment page gives September 5, 2026 as the date of its own data.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C174", "text": "The land's owner of record is a corporation, PROFUNDUS VIRGINIA PROPERTIES INC, billing to P.O. Box 510 in Berryville. No owner named Audley Farm appears in the county's records for this parcel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E174-1", "E174-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm", "audley-farm-business" ], "establishes": "That the recorded owner of the land and the name the farm trades under are not the same name, and that the county's billing address for the owner is the same post office box the farm publishes as its mailing address.", "limitations": "A shared post office box is a correspondence address, not proof that the owner of record and the operating business are one entity or that either controls the other. Nothing read establishes the legal form, registration or officers of the business trading as Audley Farm; the Virginia State Corporation Commission's search site returned only a JavaScript shell to this retrieval and was not read. Owner of record is an ownership fact and does not evidence who farms the land.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C175", "text": "The business trading as Audley Farm publishes audleyfarm.com and gives 752 Audley Lane, Berryville, as its physical address. It describes its current work as thoroughbred breeding and training, registered Black Angus cattle, beef and hay sales, and events.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E175-1", "E175-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm-business" ], "establishes": "What the business says it currently does, and where it says it is. The county's own assessment record classes the parcel as agricultural and zones it agricultural, open space and conservation, which is consistent with a working farm.", "limitations": "The activities are the business's own description of itself; no inspection, licence, brand registration, race record or sales record was read. The assessment record's agricultural class and zoning are an assessor's classification of land, not a record of any particular enterprise.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C176", "text": "The farm's own site dates Audley to a 1749 grant from Lord Thomas Fairfax to Colonel George William Fairfax, says Warner Washington bought half the estate in 1764 and that it stayed in the Washington family for 138 years, and names Eleanor “Nelly” Custis Lewis as its best-known resident. It dates Black Angus cattle at Audley to 1903 under Archibald Cummins and an expansion to 1978 under Hubertus Liebrecht.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified account", "evidence_ids": [ "E176-1", "E176-2", "E176-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm", "audley-farm-business" ], "establishes": "What the business publishes as the property's history.", "limitations": "The business's own account, citing no record for any of it. The county records cited elsewhere in this profile are independent of the business and they corroborate present parcel facts -- the parcel, its acreage, its legal description, its owner of record -- but they reach none of this history: no grant, deed, will, census or newspaper was read against any date or name in it, so the origin account stands uncorroborated by anything inspected here. The 1989 state architectural survey independently names Audley among the county's plantation houses, which is a separate record of the house's age and standing and is not a check on any of these dates.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C177", "text": "Audley carries the Virginia Department of Historic Resources file number 21-4 and was documented in the 1989 Clarke County Rural Reconnaissance Survey, which lists it among the county's vernacular brick houses. No individual listing for Audley was located in the Virginia Landmarks Register master list read on September 11, 2026, the edition updated through DHR January 21, 2026 and NPS January 16, 2026.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: OCR text, page image not seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E177-1", "E177-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm" ], "establishes": "That Audley holds a state survey file and a DHR resource number, and what one specific document did and did not contain when it was read: the register master list carries more than forty Clarke County entries, Carter Hall and Blandy Experimental Farm among them, and no entry for Audley.", "limitations": "Both documents were read as the text layer of a scanned PDF rather than as page images, and the survey is a 1989 typescript whose OCR is unreliable on the pages read: its type heading for this group reads VERNACULAR/BRICR, and other property names on the same pages come through broken. What was checked is one roster, on one date. That roster records individual listings on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register and nothing else, so the absence of an Audley entry is not a finding about the property's historic status generally. It says nothing about a DHR easement, and nothing about contributing status inside a listed rural historic district, which the roster records under the district's name rather than the property's; Long Marsh Run (021-0967), Chapel (021-5025) and Bear's Den (021-5010) are listed districts in this county and were not checked. The survey's remark about a family school at Audley is the surveyor citing Pope, not a record the survey read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C178", "text": "The farm publishes two ways for the public to meet it: a stall at the Clarke County Farmers Market on Saturdays from May through October, 8:00 a.m. to noon, and the Audley House, which it offers for gatherings of up to about fifty people.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E178-1", "E178-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "audley-farm-business" ], "establishes": "The access the business itself publishes.", "limitations": "This is what the farm advertises, not a schedule anyone has verified, and it is not an open invitation to the property. Audley Farm is private land; nothing published says the farm is open to visitors, and the house is offered by arrangement.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C260", "text": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center is recognized by the IRS as a 501(c)(3) organization, EIN 54-1996991, with tax exemption issued February 2001 and a Boyce, Virginia locality on the register.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the federal exempt-organization register", "evidence_ids": [ "E260-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The organization's federal identity and the month its exemption was issued.", "limitations": "Read from ProPublica's Nonprofit Explorer, which is an interface onto IRS data rather than an independent observer; an error in the IRS record would appear there unchanged. An exemption date is not a founding date, and the locality on a federal register is a mailing locality, not a finding about where the work is done.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C261", "text": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center describes its work as: BRWC provides veterinary services, educational programs, professional training, and actively contributes to scientific research on local wildlife diseases and environmental threats. Operating without government funding, the Center relies entirely on donations.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account of itself", "evidence_ids": [ "E261-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "What the organization says it does, quoted from its own site on 2026-09-11.", "limitations": "Self-published and unverified. This is the organization's account of its own work; nothing here checks it against a program record, a filing or an independent report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C262", "text": "The organization says it was established in 2000 and has grown from a wildlife assistance hotline into an 8,700 square foot facility; a Clarke Monthly feature in March 2025 described it the same way, as founded 25 years earlier and grown from a hotline into a wildlife hospital.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own account, echoed in local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E262-1", "E262-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "That the organization dates itself to 2000 and describes its beginning as a hotline, and that a local publication reported the same account.", "limitations": "Both statements trace to the organization. The feature attributes its framing to the center and cites no record, so it corroborates the telling rather than the founding. No incorporation record, charter or dated document was consulted, and the date the hotline became a hospital is not established by anything read here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C263", "text": "The organization describes its early work in two ways: its About page and a 2025 feature call the start a wildlife assistance hotline, and the introduction to its own 2025 annual report calls it a small education effort.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: two descriptions from the same organization, recorded as they stand", "evidence_ids": [ "E263-1", "E263-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The two descriptions of the early work that the organization itself publishes.", "limitations": "Neither is checked against a record, and the two are not in conflict: answering calls about wildlife and teaching people about wildlife are the kind of work a small organization does at once, and nothing read here says whether these describe one activity or two. Recorded because both are published, not because either is disputed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C264", "text": "Clarke Monthly reported in March 2025 that the center had served patients from 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia in 2024, and that 172 species were patients that year. In the same account, without attaching a year, it gave a staff of 16 with 50 volunteers and a budget of about $1.5 million.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reported figures, attributed in the article to the organization", "evidence_ids": [ "E264-1", "E264-2", "E264-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "What the article reports, and which of its figures it ties to 2024.", "limitations": "The article attributes these figures to the executive director rather than to any record the reporter examined, and no filing was consulted. The year label matters: the article ties the counties, the states and the species count to 2024 and states the staff, volunteer and budget figures without a year, so they are carried here as reported in March 2025 rather than assigned to 2024.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C265", "text": "The organization's 2025 annual report, as Royal Examiner reported it in April 2026, records 4,005 patients of 166 species, 49,686 hotline calls, ten research studies, 13 summer rehabilitation interns contributing more than 7,000 hours, and 78 programs and events reaching over 5,000 people.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own annual report, as reported", "evidence_ids": [ "E265-1", "E265-2", "E265-3", "E265-4", "E265-5", "E265-6" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "What the organization's 2025 annual report says about its year.", "limitations": "Every figure originates with the organization; the reporting establishes what the report says, not that anyone checked it. The annual report itself was not obtained. The organization's year-end message three months earlier gave a narrower measure for the same year, 62 educational programs reaching more than 3,500 people, against the annual report's 78 programs and events reaching over 5,000. Both are reported here with their own wording and date; the difference in what each counts is not resolved, and neither figure corrects the other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C266", "text": "Ninety-nine percent of the injuries the center treats are caused by humans or domestic animals, and about 70 percent of its patients are released, according to its executive director as quoted in March 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: attributed to the organization's executive director", "evidence_ids": [ "E266-1", "E266-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The proportions the organization states for the cause of injury and for release.", "limitations": "Both figures are quoted from the executive director in a feature article. Neither is traced to the underlying patient records, and nothing here tests the definition behind either number - what counts as released, or over what period.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C267", "text": "For 2025 the organization published release rates measured only among patients that survived their first 24 hours of care: amphibians 82 percent, birds 58 percent, mammals 78 percent, reptiles 80 percent.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own published rates, with its own denominator", "evidence_ids": [ "E267-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The release rates the organization published for 2025 and the population they are measured against.", "limitations": "These rates exclude any animal that died in the first day, which the organization states plainly and which is why they cannot be compared with a release rate measured on all admissions. Reported figures; the underlying records were not examined.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C268", "text": "Clarke Monthly reported in March 2025 that none of the center's money comes from state or federal funds, that it is not allowed to charge for its services, and that everything from diagnostics to surgery to rehabilitation is free. The organization's own About page says it operates without government funding and relies entirely on donations.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the article's account, alongside the organization's own", "evidence_ids": [ "E268-1", "E268-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "What the article and the organization say about how the work is paid for.", "limitations": "The statement that the center may not charge is the reporter's sentence, not a citation of any rule, and no Virginia regulation was consulted here; it is carried as reported rather than as an established legal position. The funding statement appears both in the organization's own material and in reporting that draws on it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C269", "text": "Lead poisoning is a recurring reason eagles arrive: one adult admitted in December 2024 had a blood lead level of 49, and another, treated for a shoulder fracture and lead toxicity together, was announced for release at Banshee Reeks Nature Preserve on March 29, 2025. The center attributes the exposure to ammunition fragments in gut piles and unrecovered deer, and radiographs donated venison year-round.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: two reported cases and the organization's explanation of them", "evidence_ids": [ "E269-1", "E269-2", "E269-3", "E269-4", "E269-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "That lead poisoning appears repeatedly in the published case record, and what the organization says causes it.", "limitations": "Two cases are two cases, not a rate: nothing here establishes how much of the caseload lead accounts for. The clinical detail in both reports comes from the organization, in one case quoted from its own social media post. The mechanism it describes is its own account and was not checked against a study. The Banshee Reeks release was announced ahead of the date; nothing read here reports that it took place.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C270", "text": "Education is carried by non-releasable animals kept as ambassadors, among them a wood turtle named Jesse who could not be returned to the wild because of an eye problem and because nobody knew where she had been found. Programs run in schools within an hour's drive under names including Wild Virginia, Wildlife in Winter, Turtle Takeover and World at Night.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reported from a visit, attributed to the organization", "evidence_ids": [ "E270-1", "E270-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "How the education work is staffed and what it is called.", "limitations": "From one feature article whose author visited the center. The reason given for Jesse's non-release is the organization's, and no veterinary record was seen. The article's figure of nearly 12,000 people reached carries no year and is a third measure alongside the two the organization published for 2025; the three count different things, and no source read here sets out what each includes.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C271", "text": "The center is one of two wildlife veterinary teaching hospitals in Virginia, hosts one veterinary intern a year alongside a rehabilitation fellowship and paid summer internships with housing, and launched its first year-long veterinary, rehabilitation and education fellowships in 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: attributed to the organization", "evidence_ids": [ "E271-1", "E271-2", "E271-3", "E271-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The shape of the professional training program and the organization's claim about its rarity in the state.", "limitations": "The count of two teaching hospitals is the executive director's statement, repeated by the reporter; no register of Virginia teaching hospitals was consulted. The fellowship launch is from the organization's own year-end message.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C272", "text": "The center describes its research as a One Health program, contributing data on avian influenza, COVID-19 in wild animals and tick-borne illness; a 2025 study of eastern cottontails as hosts for disease-carrying ticks was published in the Journal of Medical Entomology.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's account, one publication named", "evidence_ids": [ "E272-1", "E272-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "What the research program covers and that one study reached a peer-reviewed journal.", "limitations": "The journal article was not retrieved or read, and its authorship, date and the organization's role in it are not established here - only that the annual report names it. The remaining research topics are the organization's description of its own work.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C273", "text": "The center operates at 106 Island Farm Lane in Boyce, Clarke County, on land held under a Burwell-van Lennep Foundation conservation easement; the organization states the foundation provides the land at no cost.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the organization's own description of the arrangement", "evidence_ids": [ "E273-1", "E273-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "Where the center operates and how it describes its tenure there.", "limitations": "The land arrangement is the organization's characterization, not a record of title or tenure: no deed, lease or parcel record was inspected, and nothing here establishes who owns the land, who owns the building, or what instrument governs the use. Nor is the lessor's legal identity established; a shared surname is not evidence that two parties are one.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C274", "text": "Clarke County did not appear among the five counties that generated the most hotline calls in 2025; the organization's report names Loudoun, Frederick, Fairfax, Fauquier and Warren, in that order.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: one reported measure, from the organization's own 2025 report", "evidence_ids": [ "E274-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The ranking of counties by hotline calls that the organization published for 2025.", "limitations": "This is a count of telephone calls, and it establishes nothing about where patients come from: no source read here reports patient origin by county, for Clarke or anywhere else. The separate patient measure in evidence is the 2024 figure of 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia, which carries no county ranking. The five named counts also total a small fraction of the year's reported call volume, so the ranking and the total are not the same measure, and the source explains neither.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C275", "text": "The IRS register files the organization under Philanthropy, Voluntarism and Grantmaking Foundations, a category that does not describe a wildlife hospital.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an observation about the register entry, not about the organization", "evidence_ids": [ "E275-1", "E275-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ], "establishes": "The activity category the federal register carries for this organization.", "limitations": "An NTEE code is assigned in the federal register and is not the organization's description of itself. Why this one sits where it does was not determined: it may date from recognition, or be a keying error, or reflect something else. This is recorded as a property of the register entry and implies nothing about the organization's conduct or status.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C300", "text": "Maria Zimmerman was sworn in as president of the John H. Enders Fire Company & Rescue Squad at its annual banquet in mid-January 2025, the first woman to hold the office, as the company began its 125th year.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E300-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "enders-fire-company" ], "establishes": "When she took office, that she is the first woman to hold it, and the company's year.", "limitations": "From one local paper. No company record, minute book or roster was consulted, and the claim of a first rests on the paper's statement rather than on any search of the company's history.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C301", "text": "Coiner Grand Emporium opened at 26 East Main Street in Berryville on December 6, 2024, in the building of Coiner's Department Store, which Emmett G. Coiner founded in 1896 and Chet Hobert later ran.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, dated to the year before the letter's", "evidence_ids": [ "E301-1", "E301-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "coiner-grand-emporium", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The opening date and the building's earlier trade.", "limitations": "The January 2025 issue reports an opening on December 6, which is therefore December 2024: a 2024 event the county read about in 2025, and it is dated here to when it happened. The business, the building and the earlier store are three different things; nothing here establishes ownership of the building or a legal successor to the department store.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C302", "text": "The 1913 Norfolk & Western depot at Boyce is under the stewardship of the Boyce Railway Depot Foundation, which the paper described in February 2025 as looking toward preservation and community use.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E302-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce-railway-depot" ], "establishes": "What the paper reported about the depot's stewardship and intentions.", "limitations": "An intention reported in February 2025 is not a completed project, and nothing here says what has been done since. No deed or lease was consulted.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C303", "text": "About thirty volunteers cleaned headstones and cleared brush at Milton Valley Cemetery in Berryville on a Sunday afternoon in March 2025, in work organized by Jim Weinmann and David Branham of Frederick County.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E303-1", "E303-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the work happened, roughly when, and who organized it.", "limitations": "The paper gives no exact date, so the letter does not invent one. The volunteer count is the paper's approximation.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C304", "text": "The Clarke County Education Foundation announced in April 2025 that anonymous gifts totaling $85,000 had created two funds, one for studio arts and one for the International Baccalaureate program at Clarke County High School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E304-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation" ], "establishes": "The gift total and what the two funds are for.", "limitations": "Reported, not audited. No filing or fund agreement was consulted, and the donors are not identified in the source.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C305", "text": "The April 2025 issue reported that Jack Schutte of Clarke County had recently been named by Governor Glenn Youngkin to a four-year term on the Virginia Sheep Industry Board.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E305-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "jack-schutte" ], "establishes": "The appointment as the paper reported it, in April.", "limitations": "No appointment record from the Commonwealth was consulted, and the paper gives no date for the appointment itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C306", "text": "An updated edition of the Clarke County Conservation Easement Authority's guide Take a Hike!, offering twelve outings, was announced in a column published in May 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E306-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "conservation-easement-authority" ], "establishes": "That the guide was updated and how many walks it carries.", "limitations": "The guide itself was not obtained. The columnist describes receiving the announcement in late April.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C307", "text": "A free ninety-minute tour, “A Journey to Freedom: Josephine Williams,” was announced in the June 2025 issue for June 7, 2025, connecting Clermont Farm and the Josephine School Community Museum.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E307-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clermont", "museum", "josephine-williams" ], "establishes": "The tour as announced, its date and the two places it joined.", "limitations": "The June issue announces the tour. No source read here reports that it took place, and the letter does not say it did beyond what the announcement supports.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C308", "text": "Clarke County's fourth annual Juneteenth Celebration was scheduled for noon to 7 p.m. on Saturday, June 21, 2025, at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds, free and open to the public.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E308-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-fairgrounds", "museum", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The event, its hour, its place and its cost.", "limitations": "Announced in the June issue. No source read here reports the day itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C309", "text": "The Retreat of Berryville, an assisted living and memory care facility, launched an “Adopt a Grandparent” program for high school students, reported in July 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E309-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "retreat-of-berryville" ], "establishes": "That the program was launched and who it is open to.", "limitations": "Reported at launch. Nothing here says how many students took part or whether it continued.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C310", "text": "The 2025 Clarke County Fair was scheduled for August 10 to 16, with music announced for the evening of August 9. The fair in its present form began in the mid-1950s, when the Ruritan Club took over a community event.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E310-1", "E310-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club", "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The dates as the August issue published them in advance, and the paper's account of the fair's origin.", "limitations": "The dates were published in the August issue, before the fair. The origin account is the paper's own history feature and cites no record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C311", "text": "The Burwell-Morgan Mill and Chilly Hollow Brewing collaborated on a beer made with grain ground at the mill, reported in October 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a nonprofit's own dispatch in the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E311-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-historical-association" ], "establishes": "That the collaboration was described in print.", "limitations": "Written by the historical association's own director and printed as a community dispatch, so it is the organization's account of its own project.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C312", "text": "The Taylor family opened Mountain Gap Market at 119 John Mosby Highway in Paris, about five miles east of the Waterloo intersection, reported in November 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E312-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mountain-gap-market" ], "establishes": "The business, its address and roughly where it sits.", "limitations": "The business and the building are separate things and nothing here establishes who owns the premises. The report gives no opening date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C313", "text": "The December 2025 issue reported growing concern over a proposed resort on the Blue Ridge, with clear cutting, water use and traffic raised by citizen groups, among them the nonprofit Friends of the Blue Ridge Mountains.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E313-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "friends-of-the-blue-ridge-mountains" ], "establishes": "What the December issue reported, and who was raising it.", "limitations": "A dispute in progress as of that issue. Nothing here describes the proposal's terms, its standing before any authority, or what happened after December 2025.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C314", "text": "Debbie Holbrook's proposal to support FISH of Clarke County with a meal became the 100 Meals Project, reported in December 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a guest commentary in the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E314-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "fish-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the project formed and what prompted it.", "limitations": "A guest commentary by a participant, not a news report, and written from inside the effort.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C315", "text": "The Downstream Project, a conservation nonprofit based in Berryville, had launched WaterWatch, an online tool presenting Friends of the Shenandoah River's water monitoring data as maps and graphs, as reported in September 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a nonprofit dispatch in the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E315-1", "E315-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "friends-of-the-shenandoah-river" ], "establishes": "The tool, who launched it, and whose data it presents.", "limitations": "Printed as a community dispatch submitted by the organization, which the paper states. The issue gives no launch date, only that the tool had launched by September 2025.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C316", "text": "The 21st Watermelon Pickers' Fest was announced for September 4 to 6, 2025, at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E316-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The festival's edition number, dates and place.", "limitations": "Announced in the August issue. No source read here reports the festival itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C317", "text": "Wayside Farm, east of Berryville at 5273 Harry Byrd Highway, is a 120-acre family farm owned by the brothers Philip and Mark Shenk with Theresa and Beth Shenk, reported in October 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E317-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "wayside-farm" ], "establishes": "The farm's size, address and the family that owns it.", "limitations": "Reported; no deed or parcel record was consulted.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C318", "text": "The Clarke County Litter Committee planned its second annual Earth Day event for April 26, 2025, at the Clarke County Fairgrounds.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E318-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "The planned event, its date and its place.", "limitations": "Announced in the April issue. No source read here reports the day itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C322", "text": "A natural history column in the December 2025 issue described spotted lanternfly egg masses as looking like tan smears of dried clay or mud on hard, flat surfaces.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a regular column in the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E322-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-monthly" ], "establishes": "How the column told readers to recognize the egg masses.", "limitations": "A columnist's description written for recognition in the field, not a determination of the insect's spread in the county, which nothing read here measures.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C319", "text": "Two children, Theodore Birgler and Sabre Schultz, won their categories in the Josephine School Community Museum's nineteenth Helen O. Carr Dramatic Reading Contest, held on February 15, 2025 and reported in the March 2025 issue.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E319-1", "E319-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "museum" ], "establishes": "Who won, when the contest was held, and that it was the nineteenth.", "limitations": "Reported by the paper about a month after the contest. Nothing here describes the readings themselves beyond the account the issue gives.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C320", "text": "The Clarke County Ruritan Club received a Steward for Excellence in Preservation Award for safeguarding the fairgrounds, reported in July 2025.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a community dispatch in the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E320-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruritan-club", "ruritan-fairgrounds" ], "establishes": "That the award was made and what it was for.", "limitations": "Written by the club's own vice president and printed as a community dispatch, so it is the organization's account of its own award.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C321", "text": "The paper described the Low Water Bridge Band in September 2025 as one of the most well-traveled and better-known musical acts to come out of the Northern Shenandoah Valley in years.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's own characterization", "evidence_ids": [ "E321-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "low-water-bridge-band", "clarke-monthly" ], "establishes": "What the paper said about the band.", "limitations": "A columnist's description, not a measurement. Nothing here establishes the band's reach beyond that sentence.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-11", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C60", "text": "The People's Journal's church directory of January 1912 listed a Primitive Baptist congregation, with Robert Williams as pastor, preaching in Josephine City every fourth Sunday. A May 1913 notice has Rev. Robert Williams of Millwood holding meeting at Josephine City every fourth Sunday of the month, without naming a denomination.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E60-1", "E60-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the newspaper's January 1912 church directory listed a Primitive Baptist congregation at Josephine City under Robert Williams, and that a May 1913 notice has a Rev. Robert Williams of Millwood holding meeting there on the same schedule.", "limitations": "A directory listing is an announcement of an intended schedule, not a record of services held. The congregation's building, its formal name and its relationship to the 'Old School Church' named in the same paper are not established here. Both notices are from the same newspaper and are not independent of each other. The 1913 notice names no denomination, and that it concerns the same congregation as the 1912 listing is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C61", "text": "The People's Journal reported a marriage at a building it called the Old School Church in Josephine City on 26 April 1913.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E61-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That a building in Josephine City was known to the paper as the Old School Church in 1913, and that it was used for a wedding.", "limitations": "The name is the newspaper's usage. Whether this building is the 1882 school described by DHR in C12, its successor, or an unrelated structure is NOT established, and the resemblance of the names is not evidence. No location is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C62", "text": "Elder S. W. Brown advertised a grocery store in Josephine City in the People's Journal, listing coffee, tea, baking powder, soda, laundry and toilet soap, coal oil, salt, matches, prunes, rice, vinegar and candies.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E62-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "sw-brown" ], "establishes": "That a named person advertised a general grocery in Josephine City, and what he said he stocked.", "limitations": "An advertisement establishes what the advertiser claimed, not the shop's size, takings, premises or duration. The same advertisement recurs in later issues of the same paper and those recurrences are not independent corroboration.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C63", "text": "Mrs. Lucy Franklin advertised that she had opened her residence in Josephine City to autumn and winter boarders.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E63-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "lucy-franklin" ], "establishes": "That a named woman advertised a lodging business run from her own house in Josephine City.", "limitations": "An advertisement, not a business record. Later issues of the same paper carry board-and-lodging advertisements under her name without naming Josephine City, and those are not treated here as evidence of the same premises.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C64", "text": "Mrs. Josephine Johnson advertised a lunch room in Josephine City selling ice cream and daily fresh pies and bread, in March 1925 and again in August 1927.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E64-1", "E64-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "josephine-johnson" ], "establishes": "That a named woman advertised a food business in Josephine City, and that the same advertisement was still running two years and five months later.", "limitations": "Two appearances of one advertiser's copy in one newspaper. It does not establish continuous trading between the two dates, and the two notices are not independent of each other. No connection to Josephine Williams or to the community's name is claimed, and the shared given name is not evidence of one.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C65", "text": "Between 1924 and 1926 the People's Journal reported three named residents improving houses in Josephine City: Edie Jenkins adding two rooms, Kate Legions improving her residence, and Lizzie Carter having her house repaired.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E65-1", "E65-2", "E65-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the paper treated house improvement in Josephine City as ordinary local news over a three-year period, and named the residents doing it.", "limitations": "Personals-column notices. They establish what the paper reported, not the ownership of any property, the scale of any work, or which houses were involved. No addresses are given and none is inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C66", "text": "The People's Journal reported that George Cooper was killed by a freight train while attempting to jump off at the Josephine City crossing, and was buried in Milton Valley Cemetery; the report's own day and date do not agree.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified account", "evidence_ids": [ "E66-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "george-cooper" ], "establishes": "That the paper reported a fatal railway accident at a crossing it called the Josephine City crossing, that it named the dead man, the undertaker and the place of burial, and that a railway line ran close enough to Josephine City for the paper to name a crossing after it.", "limitations": "Qualified because the source contradicts itself: it gives 'Friday evening, April 20', and 20 April 1910 was a Wednesday. The date is therefore uncertain to within a few days and is recorded to month precision only. Nothing about the railway company, the exact location of the crossing, or George Cooper beyond his name is established, and no coordinate is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C67", "text": "G. L. D. Harris is named as editor and proprietor of the People's Journal of Berryville in its masthead in 1899 and is still named as its editor in 1927.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E67-1", "E67-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "gld-harris", "peoples-journal" ], "establishes": "That one man's name appears in the same role on this newspaper across at least twenty-eight years.", "limitations": "The newspaper is the only witness to its own masthead. No external record of Harris has been consulted, and nothing about his birth, death, family, residence or race is claimed here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C68", "text": "The statement of ownership printed in the People's Journal in August 1921, as required by the Act of 24 August 1912, declares G. L. D. Harris to be editor, publisher and owner, and states that the ownership being individual, no securities have been issued.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E68-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "gld-harris", "peoples-journal" ], "establishes": "That a filing required by federal postal law, printed in the paper, declares sole individual ownership with no bondholders or mortgagees.", "limitations": "This is the printed statement, not the filing held by the Post Office Department, which has not been sought. It establishes what was declared in 1921 and says nothing about ownership before or after that date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C69", "text": "A resolution of respect printed in February 1925 for a deceased retired teacher is signed by three people under the heading Retired Teachers, and G. L. D. Harris is one of the three signatories.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E69-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "gld-harris" ], "establishes": "That Harris signed, as a retired public-school teacher rather than as the editor, a collective resolution issued by retired teachers of the district; and that such a body of retired teachers existed and acted collectively.", "limitations": "The evidence is a signature under a heading. Where, when or for how long he taught is not stated and is not inferred. The paper is again the only witness. County school-board records would test this and have not been consulted.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C70", "text": "The People's Journal announced a Clarke County Fall Meet at Boyce for 16 September 1927, a basket picnic with field sports and a baseball contest, held under the auspices of a body it names the Clarke County School League.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E70-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league" ], "establishes": "That an organisation calling itself the Clarke County School League existed in 1927, that it organised a county-wide gathering, and that it charged admission of 25 and 15 cents.", "limitations": "This is an announcement printed six weeks before the date. It does not establish that the meet took place, and no event record has been created for it for that reason. The League's founding, membership, constitution and relationship to the county school authorities are not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C71", "text": "The Clarke County School League committee printed in August 1927 lists a named representative for each of seven Clarke County communities: Berryville, Boyce, Louisville, Millwood, Stone Bridge, Webbtown and White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E71-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "stone-bridge", "webbtown", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the League organised itself by community with one named person for each, and that Stone Bridge and Webbtown were treated as Clarke County communities with their own representatives.", "limitations": "A committee list. It does not establish that these were the only communities involved, nor anything about the size, boundaries or location of any of them. No coordinates are claimed for Stone Bridge or Webbtown, and neither has been located on any map.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C80", "text": "The Clarke Courier reported on 18 June 1925 that a County League of Negro schools had been organised on 11 July 1924, beginning with $28 to its credit.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E80-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "et-johnson", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That a Clarke County newspaper printed a specific founding date and opening balance for a Black county-wide school organisation. The date is arithmetic on the paper's own phrase 'the 11th of July one year ago' in an issue dated 18 June 1925.", "limitations": "A newspaper report published eleven months after the event it dates. It establishes what the Courier printed, not that the organisation was founded on that day. Nothing here establishes who called the founding meeting, where it was held, or who attended.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C81", "text": "The Clarke Courier reported on 18 June 1925 that the League's purpose was to raise money to establish a County Training School for Black children, that $1,265.95 had been reported on 9 June 1925, that $234.15 remained to be raised before it could locate and build, and that its president was Rev. E. T. Johnson.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E81-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "et-johnson", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the League had a stated building purpose, a named president, and a specific published financial position ten and a half months after its founding, funded by contributions the paper describes as coming from both white and Black donors.", "limitations": "Figures as printed by the newspaper; no accounts were inspected. The report does not say where the school was to be built, and explicitly says the League had not yet located a site. It does not establish that the school was ever built. The word rendered '<*>lored' by OCR is read as 'colored'.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C82", "text": "The Clarke Courier announced on 30 April 1925 that W. D. Gresham, supervisor of Negro education of Virginia, would speak at the Court House in Berryville on 4 May 1925 under the auspices of the Clarke County Colored school league, with division superintendent Leslie D. Kline presiding.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E82-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the League could convene a meeting in the county courthouse addressed by a state education official and chaired by the white division superintendent, and that the county paper carried the announcement including the League's invitation to white attendees with reserved seating.", "limitations": "An announcement of an intended meeting, not a report of one. Nothing in the cited records establishes that the meeting took place, who attended, or what was said. The Courier's phrasing is the League's own, attributed to 'officers of the league'.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C83", "text": "The county-wide Black school organisation the Clarke Courier called the Clarke County Colored school league and the County League of Negro schools in 1925 is the same organisation the People's Journal called the Clarke County School League in 1927.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Identification inferred from convergent detail in two independent papers", "evidence_ids": [ "E83-1", "E83-2", "E83-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-school-league", "et-johnson" ], "establishes": "That two independent newspapers, one white and one Black, were describing one organisation under three different names, so that the Courier's 1925 founding date, purpose and finances and the People's Journal's 1927 officers and community delegates describe a single continuous body.", "limitations": "Neither paper states the other's name for the organisation, so this is an identification and not a reported fact. It rests on three convergent details: both describe a county-wide organisation of Black schools in Clarke County, both name Rev. E. T. Johnson as its president, and the dates are two years apart with no gap in between established either way. It does not establish continuity of membership, constitution or activity across those two years, and it does not establish that the County Training School the 1925 report describes was ever built.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C84", "text": "The People's Journal's October 1924 school roster and the Clarke Courier's July 1925 teacher assignment list name the same three teachers, in the same roles, at a school the first calls Berryville and the second calls the Josephine colored school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E84-1", "E84-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "et-johnson", "fannie-jenkins", "florine-johnson", "berryville", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That two independent papers printed the same three staff names nine months apart under two different names for the school: Rev. E. T. Johnson as principal with Mrs. F. Johnson and Miss Fanny Jenkins in the People's Journal, and E. T. Johnson, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson in the Courier.", "limitations": "Reading the People's Journal's 'Mrs. F. Johnson' as the Courier's 'Florine Johnson' is an expansion of an initial and is probable rather than certain. The Courier's list does not repeat the People's Journal's designation of Johnson as principal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C85", "text": "The school the People's Journal called the Berryville school in 1924 and the school the Clarke Courier called the Josephine colored school in 1925 are one school under two names, the Black paper naming it for the town and the white paper for the Black neighbourhood.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Identification inferred from a shared staff of three", "evidence_ids": [ "E85-1", "E85-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "et-johnson", "fannie-jenkins", "florine-johnson", "berryville", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That a place-name search across these two papers cannot be relied on to find the same institution, because the two papers named it differently. This is why the absence of the token 'Josephine City' from a body of Courier text is not evidence about coverage of Josephine City.", "limitations": "An identification from a shared staff of three across nine months, not a statement either paper makes. Two schools could in principle share staff. This claim says nothing about the school BUILDING: the entity josephine-school in this corpus denotes the structure the Department of Historic Resources dates to 1882, and nothing in the cited records establishes that the 1924 and 1925 school was in that building, so that entity is deliberately not linked here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C86", "text": "The Clarke Courier's teacher assignment list of 9 July 1925 names seven Black schools in Clarke County -- Stone Bridge, Boyce, Millwood, White Post, Josephine, Louisville and Bristol -- with thirteen named teachers between them.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E86-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "stone-bridge", "boyce", "millwood", "white-post", "louisville", "bristol", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "A county-wide list of Black schools operating in the 1925-26 school year, published by the white county paper, which extends the school map the People's Journal rosters of 1912 and 1924 provide and which names Millwood Colored as having a principal and two assistants.", "limitations": "The quoted passage is the tail of a longer county list, so it establishes which Black schools the list names and not that these were all of them. The Courier's 'Bristol colored' and the People's Journal's 'Bristow' are similar but their identity is NOT established here and no entity merges them. The Louisville teacher differs between the two papers -- Pattie Smith in October 1924, Emma E. Alexander in July 1925 -- which may be a change of teacher, a different school year, or incomplete reporting; nothing here decides. No coordinates, buildings, or races of individuals are inferred beyond the source's own 'colored' designations.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C87", "text": "Alma Layton is named as a teacher at Boyce Colored school by the Clarke Courier in July 1925 and as Mrs. Alma B. Layton, secretary of the Clarke County School League, by the People's Journal in August 1927.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Same person inferred from an uncommon name in one small county", "evidence_ids": [ "E87-1", "E87-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "alma-layton", "clarke-county-school-league", "boyce" ], "establishes": "A person appearing in both papers in two roles, teaching and League office, which is the kind of bridge that lets the two sources be read as describing one community rather than two.", "limitations": "An identification from a name, in a county where the Courier's same 1925 list also names Clarissa Layton at Millwood Colored and the People's Journal's 1927 committee names DeRoy Layton for Millwood. Layton is evidently a common surname in this community, so the identification rests on the shared forename Alma and not on the surname. No family relationship between any of the Laytons is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C335", "text": "Hofstra's account says the 1688 charter to Thomas, Lord Culpeper, inherited by the sixth Lord Fairfax, described the Northern Neck proprietary as the land between the Potomac and the Rappahannock extending to their first heads or springs, and that nobody knew where those rivers headed; he puts three and one-quarter million acres at stake in the dispute that followed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's account of the charter", "evidence_ids": [ "E335-1", "E335-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That a named academic historian, on a page this project has read, describes an undefined proprietary boundary as the origin of the colony-versus-proprietary dispute over the Valley.", "limitations": "Hofstra's account of the charter, not the charter. No grant, patent or charter text was inspected by this project, and the endnotes that would say what Hofstra relied on fall on pages that were not supplied. The territory is the Northern Neck proprietary in colonial Virginia; Clarke County did not exist until 1836.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C336", "text": "Hofstra's account dates a grant of 26,000 acres by Governor William Gooch and the Council to Larkin and Thomas Chew, near the forks of the Shenandoah, to June 13, 1728, with a further 240,000 acres granted within three years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's date and figures", "evidence_ids": [ "E336-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "A dated colony grant at the start of the settlement policy Hofstra describes.", "limitations": "The date and acreages are Hofstra's, attached to his note 5, and the note text was not among the supplied pages. No land office record was inspected. The grant is in Frederick County territory, a century before Clarke existed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C337", "text": "Hofstra's account says that on September 22, 1730 Robert Carter, as Lord Fairfax's agent, granted more than 50,000 acres to his own sons and grandsons, and more than 11,000 acres to his son-in-law Mann Page the following day.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's date and figures", "evidence_ids": [ "E337-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "A dated proprietary grant, to the agent's own family, that Hofstra sets against the colony's grants to settlers.", "limitations": "Hofstra's figures and dates, from a page this project has read; no deed or patent was inspected and the supporting note was not supplied. Nothing here establishes the boundaries of any tract.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C338", "text": "Hofstra contrasts the two granting regimes directly: the colony required one family settled per thousand acres and recruited small farmers from Europe and the middle colonies, while Carter, he writes, imposed no settlement requirements on his heirs and made it easy for them to keep their land idle by rarely collecting quitrents.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the cited volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E338-1", "E338-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The mechanism Hofstra offers for the later difference between the two halves of Frederick County: two land offices operating on opposite instructions.", "limitations": "This is Hofstra's explanation, on pages 3 to 5, and it is the argument of a historian rather than a document. The quitrent practice, the settlement conditions and the recruitment are his characterizations; no estate paper, rent roll or land office record was inspected here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C339", "text": "Hofstra's account says Lord Fairfax, arriving in 1734, formalized the dual pattern of settlement Gooch and Carter had set up.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's wording", "evidence_ids": [ "E339-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the two-regime pattern was, on Hofstra's account, settled policy rather than a transitional accident.", "limitations": "Hofstra's wording, attached to his note 8, whose text was not supplied. What formalization consisted of is not stated on any page this project has read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C340", "text": "Hofstra's account says eight heirs divided Robert Carter's 50,212 acres into eight tracts of between 3,528 and 8,365 acres in 1740, and that Mann Page's tract was sold to Ralph Wormeley in 1748.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's figures", "evidence_ids": [ "E340-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "Two dated steps by which the Carter grant passed into the hands that held it through the rest of the century.", "limitations": "Hofstra's figures, from page 9. No deed, will or partition record was inspected, and no tract is located on the ground here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C341", "text": "Hofstra places the settlement line at the Opequon: when Fairfax opened his Valley land office in the early 1750s, he writes, little limestone land west of the Opequon remained to be settled, but to the east the land lay practically deserted.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the cited volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E341-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the east-west line this project had previously found only in later local writing is Hofstra's, stated in his own words about settlement and landholding.", "limitations": "A settlement and landholding line, not an ethnic or cultural one. Neither Tuckahoe nor Cohee appears on any of the thirteen supplied pages, and this claim must not be read as putting that vocabulary at the Opequon. Hofstra’s terms are west Frederick and east Frederick. \"Practically deserted\" is Hofstra's characterization of how little eastern land had been taken up under the proprietary's terms. It is a statement about landholding and settlement, not a census: nothing here establishes who was or was not living east of the Opequon. No land office record, survey or patent was inspected by this project, and the note attached to this passage was not supplied.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C342", "text": "Hofstra writes that Robert Carter, John Page, Nathaniel Burwell and Hugh Nelson all operated quarters in the Valley during the 1770s and 1780s, and that through them they introduced to east Frederick such Tidewater characteristics as tobacco, slavery, overseers and large-scale commercial agriculture.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the cited volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E342-1", "E342-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation", "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The named mechanism by which slavery and plantation agriculture came to the part of Frederick County that later became Clarke.", "limitations": "Hofstra's sentence, on page 11. The supporting notes 19 to 24 fall on supplied pages by number but their text was not supplied, so what he relied on is not known here. No census page, tax list or estate record was inspected by this project.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C343", "text": "Hofstra's account says Old Chapel, reorganized in 1789 as the Episcopal church, came to dominate all religious life east of the Opequon.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Hofstra's account", "evidence_ids": [ "E343-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the east-west difference Hofstra describes was institutional as well as economic, and that he draws the religious line at the same place as the settlement line.", "limitations": "Hofstra's characterization, from page 12. No parish register, vestry book or church record was inspected. Nothing here establishes attendance, membership or the fate of other congregations.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C344", "text": "James Kirke Paulding, writing of an 1816 excursion, recorded that the people west of the Blue Ridge called those east of the mountain Tuckahoes and their country Old Virginia, while calling themselves Cohees and their country New Virginia, and said plainly that he could not trace the origin of the phrases.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the traveler's own printed words", "evidence_ids": [ "E344-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The earliest contemporary attestation this project holds for the Tuckahoe and Cohee vocabulary, and the line it was drawn at, which is the Blue Ridge.", "limitations": "A visiting writer's report of what he understood people to call themselves, and he disclaims knowing where the words came from. He draws the line at the Blue Ridge, not at the Opequon, and he is not writing about Frederick County. Nothing here shows either word in local use in the territory that became Clarke.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C345", "text": "The Winchester Virginia Republican of January 11, 1834 reported the Virginia House of Delegates proceedings of Monday, December 30, at which Mr. Gallaher presented a petition for the division of Frederick county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by a dated newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E345-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That a petition to divide Frederick County was before the House of Delegates on December 30, 1833, more than two years before the county was created.", "limitations": "A newspaper report of legislative proceedings, read as Library of Congress OCR. It establishes that the paper reported the presentation; the petition itself has not been located, and nothing here gives its wording, its signatories or what it asked for.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C346", "text": "The Winchester Virginia Republican of March 29, 1834 carried signed pieces arguing the division, printed immediately before an election. One opponent declined to repeat the taunts of poverty thrown out against the inhabitants of this district by their wealthy brethren along the Shenandoah; another, signing OLD FREDERICK, wrote of lopping off Battletown county and losing a delegate with it; and a third attacked a writer who had signed himself Cohee in the rival Virginian, printing the word without explaining it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: three signed pieces on one dated page", "evidence_ids": [ "E346-1", "E346-2", "E346-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation", "berryville" ], "establishes": "Three things at once, in contemporary print: that a wealth antagonism between eastern and western Frederick was current enough to be alluded to rather than explained; that the prospective county was called Battletown; and that Cohee was in use as a signature in the 1834 Frederick County dispute.", "limitations": "Advocates' pieces before an election, not neutral reporting, and read as OCR with square brackets marking normalization. The writer who mentions the taunts declines to repeat them, so their wording is not established. Cohee here is one writer's chosen signature in a political fight. That it is printed without explanation establishes that the paper did not explain it, not that its readers understood it: audience comprehension is not evidenced by an absence. Nothing on this page sorts a population into Tuckahoes and Cohees or gives the label the ethnic content later writers give it, and the piece signed Cohee appeared in the Virginian, which this project has not read. Tuckahoe does not appear on the page.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C347", "text": "Hofstra reads the county's separation as the outcome of a divergence laid down with the earliest settlement of the Valley, writing that it was \"not simply an increase in population or just the proximity of the courthouse\" that prompted the petition. That is an interpretation reaching past the practical arguments the 1834 sources record, and the chapter in which he makes it was not among the pages available to this project.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an argument stated on the held pages and argued on pages that are not held", "evidence_ids": [ "E347-1", "E347-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the causal reading the local literature repeats is Hofstra's own, and that the pages held here state it rather than argue it.", "limitations": "Qualified because this is a claim about an interpretation the project has only seen stated. Hofstra states it on pages 1, 2, 4 and 12, each time pointing forward to a chapter that was not supplied, so what he cites for it is unknown here. His \"not simply\" and \"not just\" say those practical considerations are insufficient on their own; they do not deny them, and nothing here establishes that his reading and the 1834 arguments are incompatible. The 1834 writers argued courthouse distance, roads, floods, representation, precedent, taxes and poor relief, which is the ground his account reaches past rather than a rebuttal of it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C348", "text": "Hofstra names five houses built by the men who held east Frederick: Nathaniel Burwell’s Carter Hall, which he calls a direct reference to the country houses of the English aristocracy, Robert Carter Burwell’s Long Branch, Matthew Page’s Annfield, John Page’s Pagebrook and Warner Washington’s Fairfield. His table of their holdings gives Burwell close to 8,000 acres and more than 200 enslaved people, John Page nearly 2,300 acres and 53, and Matthew Page nearly 2,300 acres and 43.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the cited volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E348-1", "E348-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "county-formation", "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the houses and the holdings are one subject in Hofstra’s account, and the scale of the labor the estates rested on, for the three owners he gives a figure for.", "limitations": "Hofstra’s account, not the houses and not the records underneath them. Only the phrase about the English country houses is held as his exact wording; the rest reaches this project as a summary of page 12 rather than a transcription, so any further architectural description of these buildings is outside what is held. No nomination, deed, census page or estate paper was inspected. Two of the five owners have no figure: the table leaves Robert Carter Burwell’s enslaved-people column blank and does not list Warner Washington at all, and neither silence is a zero. Nothing held establishes that all five men moved from the Tidewater: a move is documented for Nathaniel Burwell alone. No enslaved person at any of these places is named in anything read here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C349", "text": "The Census Bureau counted 7,167 people in Clarke County, Virginia, on April 1, 1930, and 7,165 on January 1, 1920 -- a difference of 2 persons, which is 0.03 per cent of the 1920 count (7,167 - 7,165 = 2; 2 / 7,165 x 100 = 0.0279 per cent). The county's population was nearly unchanged between the two enumerations.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E349", "E350" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the two decennial counts for the county are 7,167 and 7,165, and that the population was nearly unchanged between them.", "limitations": "The two counts are the census's; the subtraction and the percentage are this packet's arithmetic, shown so a reader can check them. This packet supplies no estimate of enumeration error, so it cannot say how a difference of 2 compares with the accuracy of either count. The enumerations are 10 years and 3 months apart -- January 1, 1920 and April 1, 1930 -- and no annual rate is derived from them. A nearly level total is consistent with a great deal of movement in and out, and says nothing on its own about who stayed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C350", "text": "Of the 1,147 children aged 7 to 13 in Clarke County in 1930, 1,019 were returned as attending school -- 88.8 per cent, the figure the census itself printed. Among 16- and 17-year-olds the figure was 52.4 per cent, 172 of 328.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E351", "E352" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "County-level school attendance in 1930 at two ages, with both the counts and the census's own percentages.", "limitations": "The volume's introduction states that the school-attendance tabulation rests on the enumerator's inquiry as to whether the person had attended school or college of any kind since September 1, 1929. It is therefore a record of any attendance across that span, not enrollment from a school register and not days attended, and it should not be read as either. No comparable 1920 attendance figure was collected, so this packet carries no attendance trend.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C351", "text": "The census returned 269 of Clarke County's 5,661 residents aged 10 and over as illiterate in 1930, a rate of 4.8 per cent. The same table gives the county's 1920 rate as 9.7 per cent.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E353", "E354" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That county illiteracy as the census measured it was 4.8 per cent in 1930 and 9.7 per cent in 1920.", "limitations": "Both percentages are the census's own; the 1920 one is printed WITHOUT its numerator or base, so the number of illiterate people in 1920 is unknown from this source and is not reconstructed here. The volume's introduction defines an illiterate person as anyone 10 years of age or over unable to read and write, classified from the enumerator's question 'Whether able to read and write', with no specific test prescribed -- so this measures what was answered to an enumerator, not reading ability tested. Attributing the fall between the two rates to schooling, to migration or to who was counted would need evidence this packet does not hold.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C352", "text": "Clarke County returned 27 foreign-born white residents in 1930 and 40 in 1920, out of county populations of 7,167 and 7,165.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E355" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the foreign-born white population of the county was very small in both years and slightly smaller in 1930.", "limitations": "This is the census's 'Foreign-born white' row: it counts white persons born outside the United States and its territories and possessions. It is not a count of everyone born abroad, and the census tabulated nativity for the nonwhite population differently. On numbers this small a difference of 13 persons carries no weight beyond itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C353", "text": "In the Census Bureau's 1930 Table 20, the Clarke County entries in the ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, row 'All industries,' are 2,155 Male and 363 Fe-male.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E356", "E357" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The two sex-specific published counts in the table's all-industries row for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The table title limits the tabulation to persons 10 years old and over engaged in gainful occupations. These are two census cell counts, not a rate, a combined-sex total, a count of unemployment, or a modern labor-force measure. No total or percentage is calculated here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C354", "text": "In the same Table 20 field, the row labeled 'Agriculture' gives Clarke County 1,323 Male and 31 Fe-male gainful workers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E358", "E359" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The two sex-specific published counts in the table's Agriculture row for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The figures are counts in the table's ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, not percentages or an explanation of agricultural work. The table's universe is persons 10 years old and over engaged in gainful occupations. No denominator, combined-sex total, or comparison to another year is supplied or calculated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C355", "text": "In the same Table 20 field, the row labeled 'Other domestic and personal service' gives Clarke County 53 Male and 180 Fe-male gainful workers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E360", "E361" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The two sex-specific published counts in the table's Other domestic and personal service row for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The source's original industry label is retained. These figures are counts in the table's ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, not percentages, wages, hours, or a present-day occupational classification. The table's universe is persons 10 years old and over engaged in gainful occupations; no denominator or combined-sex total is supplied or calculated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C356", "text": "On the June 1909 Sanborn plate 2, Main Street map number 347 was labeled `Hardw` (2 stories, yellow/frame) with `Tin Shop` (1 story, green/specials); on the March 1921 plate 2, W. Main Street map number 347 was labeled `Tire.` (2 stories, yellow/frame).", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the two inspected Sanborn plates", "evidence_ids": [ "E362", "E363" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The two editions' use, story, and color-class labels at their respective map-number-347 locations.", "limitations": "The map labels are abbreviated and are kept that way. The 1909 key says consecutive street numbers are arbitrary, so 347 is a sheet locator, not a postal address, and the matching locator does not establish that one physical building changed from hardware/tin work to tires. No owner or business name is printed here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted visual source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C357", "text": "On the June 1909 Sanborn plate 2, Main Street map number 346 was labeled `Hardw` and `Gro.` (2 stories, yellow/frame); on the March 1921 plate 2, W. Main Street map number 346 was labeled `Auto Display` and `Insurance Off.` (2 stories, yellow/frame).", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the two inspected Sanborn plates", "evidence_ids": [ "E364", "E365" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The two editions' use, story, and color-class labels at their respective map-number-346 locations.", "limitations": "The labels are transcribed as printed, including their abbreviations. The 1909 key makes consecutive street numbers arbitrary; 346 is not converted into an address, and the matching map locator cannot establish a building's physical continuity. This does not identify a particular automobile firm or insurer.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted visual source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C358", "text": "On the June 1909 Sanborn plate 2, Main Street map number 344 was labeled `Clo.` (2 stories, yellow/frame); on the March 1921 plate 2, W. Main Street map number 344 was labeled `Clo. & Jewl'y` and `Photo 2d` (2 stories, yellow/frame).", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the two inspected Sanborn plates", "evidence_ids": [ "E366", "E367" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The two editions' use, story, and color-class labels at their respective map-number-344 locations.", "limitations": "`Clo.`, `Jewl'y`, and `Photo 2d` are map abbreviations, not expansions supplied by this packet. The matching number is an arbitrary map locator under the 1909 key and does not prove the particular structure endured between editions or identify a named business.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted visual source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C359", "text": "On the June 1909 Sanborn plate 2, Main Street map number 343 was labeled `D.` and `Off.` (2 stories; red/brick and yellow/frame components); on the March 1921 plate 2, W. Main Street map number 343 was labeled `D.` and `Rest r'm` (2 stories; red/brick and yellow/frame components).", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the two inspected Sanborn plates", "evidence_ids": [ "E368", "E369" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The two editions' labels, story numerals, and mapped material-color classes at their respective map-number-343 locations.", "limitations": "The map's abbreviations are left unexpanded. The sheet's arbitrary consecutive numbering prevents this packet from calling 343 an address or treating the two entries as a proven one-building succession. The change is only a change in what the two maps label.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted visual source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C360", "text": "Both inspected Sanborn plate 2s label Main Street map number 342 `Drugs`: June 1909 records it as 2 stories and red/brick, and March 1921 records it as 2 stories and red/brick.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the two inspected Sanborn plates", "evidence_ids": [ "E370", "E371" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The agreement of the two editions' label, story numeral, and mapped material-color class at their respective map-number-342 locations.", "limitations": "The duplicated map label is not evidence that the same drug business, owner, leaseholder, or physical building continued. Map number 342 is not treated as a postal address because the key calls consecutive numbers arbitrary.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted visual source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C361", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925, names Millwood Colored school with J. P. Rier as principal, followed by Louise Bannister and Clarissa Layton.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E372", "E373", "E374" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood" ], "establishes": "That the School Board's announced appointments for the 1925-26 session staffed a Millwood Colored school with three teachers, and that its entry is the only one of the seven colored schools on the list to name a principal.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session, and it gives no location, building, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. The same paper's schedule for the colored schools, printed October 15, 1925, again pairs Millwood with J. P. Rier. Nothing is recorded here about the three teachers beyond their names in these notices.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C362", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925, names White Post Colored school with Estelle Mitchell and Margaretta Richarson as its teachers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E375", "E376", "E377", "E378" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post-colored-school", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the School Board's announced appointments for the 1925-26 session staffed a White Post Colored school with two teachers.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The paper's schedule for the colored schools, printed October 15, 1925, names Emma E. Alexander for White Post and Estelle Mitchell for Louisville, the reverse of this July list. Nothing read here says whether the two teachers changed schools between July and November or one notice transposed the names, and neither notice is preferred. The People's Journal roster of October 1924 names a Miss Mitchell at White Post; that she is Estelle Mitchell, and that the two papers name one school, are not established. No building, location or surveyed schoolhouse is identified with this school.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C363", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925, names Louisville colored school with Emma E. Alexander as its teacher.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E379", "E380", "E381", "E382" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisville-colored-school", "louisville" ], "establishes": "That the School Board's announced appointments for the 1925-26 session staffed a Louisville colored school with one teacher.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The paper's schedule for the colored schools, printed October 15, 1925, names Estelle Mitchell for Louisville and Emma E. Alexander for White Post, the reverse of this July list. Nothing read here says whether the two teachers changed schools between July and November or one notice transposed the names, and neither notice is preferred. The People's Journal roster of October 1924 names Miss Pattie Smith at Louisville; whether that entry denotes this school, and why the teacher differs, is not established. This is the Clarke County community, and no building, location or surveyed schoolhouse is identified with the school.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C364", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925, names Bristol colored school with George W. Carter as its teacher.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E383", "E384" ], "entity_ids": [ "bristol-colored-school", "bristol" ], "establishes": "That the School Board's announced appointments for the 1925-26 session staffed a Bristol colored school with one teacher.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier's 'Bristol' and the People's Journal's 'Bristow' are similar names, but they are NOT established as one place, and this school is not linked to Bristow. No building or location is established for the school, and nothing is recorded about George W. Carter beyond his name in this list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C365", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925, names D. G. Cooley as principal of Berryville High School and Frances Wolfe as assistant principal, with two high school teachers and teachers for the grades from the seventh down to the first.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E385", "E386" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-high-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the appointment list placed high school teachers and teachers of the lower grades under the one heading Berryville High School, led by a principal and an assistant principal.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. One grade teacher's name and grade are garbled in the OCR and are left out of the quotation rather than guessed. The list records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session, and it says nothing about the school's building, enrollment or history; none is inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C366", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1925 reported that the Junior League of Berryville High School had voluntarily contributed $10 to the work of Shenandoah Valley, Inc., after hearing D. G. Cooley report on a meeting held in the interest of the Valley organization, and that the gift entitled the league to membership.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E387" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That the school had a Junior League by January 1925, and that the league joined the movement to boost the Shenandoah Valley in its own name.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item reports one contribution and the membership it brought; it does not say who belonged to the league or what else it did, and it does not state D. G. Cooley's position at the school.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C367", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 school session, printed July 9, 1925 under a headline announcing a new Boyce principal, names Winter Royston as principal of Boyce High School, with E. W. Roller for agriculture, Ruth Royston and Bettie Teel Miller for the high school, Katharine Jones for home economics, and four teachers covering the first through seventh grades.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E388", "E389" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce-high-school", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the appointment list placed an agriculture teacher, high school teachers, a home economics teacher and teachers for every grade from the first to the seventh under the one heading Boyce High School.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The principal's surname is printed 'Rovston' and is read as Royston, the spelling the same entry gives Ruth Royston. The headline announces a new Boyce principal, but the item as read does not name the previous one, and no relationship between Winter Royston and Ruth Royston is assumed. The list records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C368", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Hawthorne Schoolhouse (printed \"Hawthorne Schoolhse\"), number 21-247, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E390", "E391" ], "entity_ids": [ "hawthorne-schoolhouse" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-247.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster. It is a different record from Hawthorne Hall in Berryville, and no connection between them is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C369", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Gaylord School, number 21-332, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E392", "E393" ], "entity_ids": [ "gaylord-school" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-332.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C370", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Riverside School, number 21-431, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E394", "E395" ], "entity_ids": [ "riverside-school" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-431.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C371", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Meade's School, number 21-659, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E396", "E397" ], "entity_ids": [ "meades-school" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-659.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C372", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Valley View School, number 21-705, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E398", "E399" ], "entity_ids": [ "valley-view-school" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-705.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C373", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Page's School, number 21-706, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E400", "E401" ], "entity_ids": [ "pages-school" ], "establishes": "That a schoolhouse by this name had been recorded in rural survey work before the 1992 survey, under the number 21-706.", "limitations": "One line in a table. The report gives this school no date, location, description or history, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative says most schoolhouses built in that period were small one-room buildings and that most of those documented have since been converted into residences; that is said of the group, not of this building. Nothing here identifies the building with any school named in a newspaper or roster.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C374", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian lists Mt. Carmel School, number 21-932, among the schools documented during that survey, and calls it a typical example of these small, rural schools, illustrated as its Fig. 20.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E402", "E403", "E404" ], "entity_ids": [ "mt-carmel-school" ], "establishes": "That the 1992 survey recorded this school itself, rather than carrying it forward from earlier survey work, and chose it to represent the type.", "limitations": "The report's description of these schools as generally gable-end, one-story frame buildings with a one- or two-room plan, most of them converted into residences, is written of the group and is not applied to Mt. Carmel School here. The report gives the school no date or history. Its narrative says four schoolhouses were added during the survey while its table lists eight; that difference is the report's own and is not resolved here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C375", "text": "The 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County by Maral S. Kalbian records a stone schoolhouse among the outbuildings at High Meadows, number 21-936, and says the school was built as a private school for the owners of the property, in a style oriented toward the main house rather than toward other schools of the time.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E405", "E406", "E407" ], "entity_ids": [ "high-meadows-schoolhouse" ], "establishes": "That this schoolhouse was built as a private school for one property's owners, not as a public school, and that the survey listed the property among the schools it documented.", "limitations": "Number 21-936 is the survey's number for the High Meadows property, which its school table lists simply as High Meadows; the schoolhouse has no number of its own there. The report names no owner, builder, date or pupils for the school, and none is inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C376", "text": "The People's Journal's standing church directory lists an A.M.E. Church with Rev. Geo. Lee as pastor in June 1910, when the entry reads A.M.E. Church, Berryville; with Rev. A. J. Nixon in January 1912; and with Rev. R. A. Mays, preaching every second Sunday, in February 1914.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E408", "E409", "E410" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-ame-church", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the paper's church directory listed an A.M.E. church with three different pastors between 1910 and 1914, and that in June 1910 it gave the Berryville congregation Sunday preaching, a Sunday school, and prayer and class meetings.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. Only the 1910 entry names Berryville; the 1912 and 1914 entries are read as the same congregation because they stand in the same directory, which is probable rather than certain. A directory lists an intended schedule, not services held, and says nothing of the congregation's building or size. The three entries come from one newspaper and are not independent of each other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C377", "text": "The People's Journal of May 1, 1913 reported A.M.E. conference appointments that sent Rev. A. J. Nixon, who had held Berryville together with Howardsville, Va. and Duffields, W.Va., to Boone Mill, and Rev. George Lee to Summit Point, W.Va.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E411", "E412" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-ame-church", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That an A.M.E. conference notice of May 1913 said Rev. A. J. Nixon had held Berryville together with Howardsville, Va. and Duffields, W.Va., and sent him to Boone Mill.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The place name \"Howardsville, Va.\" is as the condensed transcription gives it and has not been checked against the page. That the Rev. George Lee sent to Summit Point is the Rev. Geo. Lee whom the 1910 directory lists at Berryville is probable from the name, not established. The notice does not name Nixon's successor at Berryville, and Rev. R. A. Mays, listed in February 1914, is not claimed as that successor.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C378", "text": "The People's Journal's church directory of February 1, 1914 lists the Primitive Baptist congregation in Josephine City on the fourth Sunday, with Brother Robert Williams.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E413", "E414" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city-primitive-baptist", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the directory of February 1914 listed a Primitive Baptist congregation at Josephine City on the fourth Sunday with Brother Robert Williams, as the January 1912 directory had listed one with Robert Williams as pastor.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. A directory lists a schedule, not services held, and the congregation's building and formal name remain as unestablished as the earlier entries leave them.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C379", "text": "The People's Journal of April 1, 1925 named Ivanhoe A.M.E. Church and Taylors' Chapel together, with Rev. W. J. White as pastor, in a notice of Easter events that included an \"Easter Tom Thumb Wedding\" and an Easter Tree, at an admission of 10 cents.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E415" ], "entity_ids": [ "taylors-chapel" ], "establishes": "That a congregation called Taylors' Chapel announced Easter events in 1925 jointly with Ivanhoe A.M.E. Church, under one named pastor.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. Where Taylors' Chapel stood, its denomination, and whether it lay in Clarke County are not stated and are not inferred, and Ivanhoe is not located either. An announcement is not evidence that the events took place.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C380", "text": "The People's Journal of October 1, 1924 lists Bristow Baptist Church among the evening programs of an Annual Fair and Rally at Sylvania Baptist Church, Rippon, W. Va., with a Louisville Public School and a Millwood Glee Club.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E416", "E417" ], "entity_ids": [ "bristow-baptist-church" ], "establishes": "That a congregation called Bristow Baptist Church took part, by announcement, in a church rally program in 1924.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. Bristow is NOT established as the place the Clarke Courier spells Bristol, and this congregation is not linked to Bristol. The paper's November 1924 issue names a Bethel Baptist Church at Bristow; whether that is the same congregation is not established. The rally's place in West Virginia says nothing about where Bristow lies, and an announced program is not evidence of the nights it lists.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C381", "text": "The People's Journal of April 1, 1924 reported that Mr. Stephen L. Green, on Quality Hill, had built another room to his house.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E418" ], "entity_ids": [ "quality-hill" ], "establishes": "That a locality called Quality Hill was named in the paper's local news in 1924, as the place where a resident had enlarged his house.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal; the newspaper OCR was not re-read, and the printed page was not recorded. The item does not say where Quality Hill was, how large it was or who else lived there. It is not placed in Berryville or in Josephine City here, and no coordinates are inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C382", "text": "Maral S. Kalbian's 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County names Lewisville among the Black communities that it says arose in the county after the Civil War and had been addressed in the previous survey report, together with Balltwon, Claytonville, Browntown and Sugar Hill.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E419" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisville" ], "establishes": "That the county's architectural survey work treated Lewisville as one of a group of Black communities formed after the Civil War.", "limitations": "A sentence in a later architectural survey that points back to a previous survey report, which was not read for this claim. It gives no founding date, founders, boundaries or population for Lewisville, and none is inferred. \"Balltwon\" is written as the report prints it. Lewisville is treated here as the same community as Louisville, which the 1925 newspapers spell that way, by an editorial ruling of September 21, 2026; nothing read in this report establishes whether the two names denote one place.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C383", "text": "Maral S. Kalbian's 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County lists a Lewisville School, number 21-307, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E420", "E421" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisville", "louisville-colored-school" ], "establishes": "That earlier county survey work recorded a schoolhouse bearing the community's name.", "limitations": "A name and a number in a table. The survey does not say where the school stood, who taught there or when it was built, and none is inferred. The table sits in the report's account of education from 1865 to 1914, whose narrative describes the group of schoolhouses, not this one.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C384", "text": "Maral S. Kalbian's 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County recommended a comprehensive study of the county's African-American population, including intensive survey work in Black communities, and named Josephine City and Lewisville as examples.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E422" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisville", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That in 1992 the county survey singled out Lewisville, with Josephine City, as a Black community needing intensive survey.", "limitations": "A recommendation, not a finding about either community's history. The report prints the name \"Lewisviile\", read here as Lewisville. Whether any such study followed is not established by this report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C385", "text": "The 2014 Josephine City Historic District nomination cites Clarke County's Mechanics Liens, 1870–1904, with the county's deed books, will books and land tax records, and describes the series as giving \"rare documentation about dwellings in Josephine City in the mid-1870s and 1880s.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E423" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-mechanics-liens", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the nomination points to a county court record series bearing on the earliest houses in Josephine City.", "limitations": "The nomination's words as quoted in this project's notes on it, which do not record the page. The series itself has not been read: nothing here says what any lien records, how many there are, or whether the liens name Josephine City residents or builders, and the nomination's description is not a finding about them. Where the series is held is not established here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C386", "text": "The People's Journal's standing church directory lists the \"Gallean Fishermen\" (the Galilean Fishermen) as meeting on the first and third Thursday of each month, in June 1910 and again in January 1912.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E424", "E425" ], "entity_ids": [ "galilean-fishermen-society" ], "establishes": "That the Galilean Fishermen kept a regular twice-monthly meeting schedule, carried in the paper's church directory, across at least a year and a half.", "limitations": "The June 1910 entry was read on the page image, page 1: it prints \"Gallean Fishermen\" and says the society \"meets twice a month, first and third Thursd[ay] in each month.\" The January 1912 entry is a transcription and was not re-read. A directory lists an intended schedule, not meetings held, and neither entry says where the society met or who belonged. The two entries come from one newspaper and are not independent of each other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C387", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910, in its obituary of Mrs. Sarah E. Mills, reported that she was a member of the \"Gallean Fishermen Society\" (the Galilean Fishermen), which \"turned out in full Regalia and performed their whole duty.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E426" ], "entity_ids": [ "galilean-fishermen-society" ], "establishes": "That the society had regalia in 1910 and took a formal part in a funeral.", "limitations": "Read on the page image, page 2. The obituary does not say what the society's duty was. Its report of her burial at Milton Valley is a separate record. Nothing in it names Fishermen Hall.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C388", "text": "The People's Journal of May 1, 1913 printed an obituary of Mrs. Malinda Burns recording that she had joined Galilean Fishermen Tabernacle No. 14 in 1896.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the tabernacle is identified with the society by inference", "evidence_ids": [ "E427" ], "entity_ids": [ "galilean-fishermen-society" ], "establishes": "That the Galilean Fishermen had a tabernacle numbered 14 which a member was remembered as joining in 1896, fourteen years before the order appears in the paper's church directory.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. An obituary's account, printed seventeen years after the year it gives. That Tabernacle No. 14 is the Galilean Fishermen Society of the 1910 and 1912 directories is probable, not established, and whether it is the Gideon's Tabernacle No. 14 whose resolution the paper printed in 1910 is not established either.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C389", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 printed a resolution of respect on the death of Sarah E. Mills by order of \"Gideon's Tab. No. 14,\" signed by Cora B. Jones as ex-Scribe.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E428", "E429" ], "entity_ids": [ "gideons-tabernacle-no-14" ], "establishes": "That a numbered tabernacle was active in 1910, with Cora B. Jones among its former officers.", "limitations": "Read on the page image, page 2. The order the tabernacle belonged to is not stated. The paper's May 1913 issue records a woman who had joined \"Galilean Fishermen Tabernacle No. 14\" in 1896; whether that is Gideon's Tabernacle No. 14 is not established, and the two are not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C390", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 printed a resolution on the death of Sarah E. Mills from \"Rose of Sharn\" (Rose of Sharon) Juvenile Tab. No. 61 of Berryville, signed by Phillip Page as R. W R. and Edward M. Jones as R.W.S.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E430" ], "entity_ids": [ "rose-of-sharon-juvenile-tabernacle-no-61", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a numbered juvenile tabernacle with a named officer was active at Berryville in 1910.", "limitations": "Read on the page image, page 2. The society's name is printed \"Rose of Sharn Juvenils,\" \"Rose of Sharn Juvenile\" and \"Rose of Sharm Juvenile\" in the one resolution. \"R. W R.\" and \"R.W.S.\" are printed abbreviations and are not expanded here. The order the tabernacle belonged to, and any tie to Gideon's Tabernacle No. 14 in the same issue, are not established. Phillip Page is not joined to the Thomas Page the Josephine City nomination names.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C391", "text": "The People's Journal of August 1, 1921 announced that Berryville Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 213 and Eastern Star Courts of Calanthe No. 239 would hold their second annual picnic in Bell's Grove, a quarter mile east of Berryville, in August 1921.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E431" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-knights-of-pythias-lodge-213", "courts-of-calanthe-no-239", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That both numbered bodies existed by 1921 and held an annual picnic together, which the notice counts as its second.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. An announcement, not a report that the picnic took place. Neither body's charter date, membership or meeting place is stated, and the notice does not describe the Courts of Calanthe as attached to the lodge.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C392", "text": "The People's Journal of April 1, 1924 carried an item on a Knights of Pythias annual celebration at Zion Baptist Church, accompanied by the Court of Calanthe and visiting lodges, which the reading notes date to Sunday, March 23, 1924.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the lodge and the court are identified by inference", "evidence_ids": [ "E432", "E433" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-knights-of-pythias-lodge-213", "courts-of-calanthe-no-239" ], "establishes": "That the Knights of Pythias and a Court of Calanthe marked an annual celebration together in 1924, at a church and with visiting lodges.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded, and the notes do not record whether the item announced the celebration or reported it, or how the paper worded its date. The item as transcribed gives no lodge or court numbers: reading it as Lodge No. 213 and Courts of Calanthe No. 239 rests on the 1921 notice pairing those two bodies in the same paper, and is probable rather than established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C393", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 carried an advertisement for the Milton Valley Cemetery Company saying the company had erected a monument \"in honor to the Stockholders and their beloved dead,\" with G. W. Lightfoot of Berryville as secretary; the January 1, 1912 issue again names the company among its advertisers, with G. W. Lightfoot as secretary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E434", "E435" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "That the cemetery was run by a company with stockholders by 1910, and that the company advertised under the same secretary in 1910 and 1912.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed pages were not recorded. An advertisement is the company's own account. Its charter, legal form and founding date are not established, and neither item says where the cemetery lies.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C394", "text": "The People's Journal of July 1, 1926 printed a notice from the Cemetery Board of Milton Valley Cemetery saying that under a law in effect since 1922 every lot holder was taxed $1.00 a year, signed by Mrs. M. C. Young as secretary, Joseph Lincoln as treasurer and H. Blackburn as president.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the board is tied to the 1910 company only by the notice's heading", "evidence_ids": [ "E436", "E437" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "That in 1926 the cemetery had a board with a woman as its secretary, and that the board asked every lot holder to pay a yearly assessment.", "limitations": "The notice was read on the page image, page 4, on 2026-09-26, from Virginia Chronicle's digital reproduction. The notice refers to \"a law\" without naming it, and no statute is identified here. The notice is printed under the heading \"Milton Valley Cemetery COMPANY\", which supports identifying the Cemetery Board with the company advertised in 1910 and 1912; no charter or minute establishes it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C395", "text": "The People's Journal reported in October 1924 that the Free Baptist Association had held its 44th session at Berryville, with delegates from \"as far South as 250 miles,\" and in August 1927 carried a notice of the 47th annual session of the Shenandoah Free Baptist Association at Longwood Free Baptist Church, Bedford, Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported accounts; the two names are identified by their session numbers", "evidence_ids": [ "E438", "E439" ], "entity_ids": [ "shenandoah-free-baptist-association", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the People's Journal reported a Free Baptist Association holding its 44th session at Berryville in 1924, with delegates from a wide area, and carried a 1927 notice of the 47th annual session of a Shenandoah Free Baptist Association at Bedford, Virginia; the two are not shown to be one body.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed pages were not recorded. The 1924 report names a \"Free Baptist Association\" and the 1927 notice the \"Shenandoah Free Baptist Association\". Reading them as one body rests on the session numbers, 44th in 1924 and 47th in 1927, and is probable, not established. No founding year is asserted from the numbering, and the dates of the sessions are not quoted here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C396", "text": "The People's Journal of January 1, 1912 reported that the Independent Club, of Millwood and Berryville, held a social in the Fishermen's Hall on December 28, 1911, and called it one of the most enjoyable socials of the season.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E440" ], "entity_ids": [ "independent-club-millwood-berryville", "millwood", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a club named for both Millwood and Berryville held a social in December 1911 at a hall the report calls the Fishermen's Hall.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. What kind of club it was, who belonged and how long it lasted are not stated. The report does not say who owned or ran the Fishermen's Hall, and no link between the hall and the Galilean Fishermen Society is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C397", "text": "The People's Journal of October 1, 1924 lists the Millwood Glee Club among the evening programs of an Annual Fair and Rally at Sylvania Baptist Church, Rippon, W. Va.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E441" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-glee-club" ], "establishes": "That a glee club named for Millwood was billed to take part in a church rally in West Virginia in 1924.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The program names the club and nothing more: its director, members and home are not stated, and that it came from the Millwood in Clarke County is probable from the name but is not established. An announced program is not evidence that the club performed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C398", "text": "The People's Journal of July 1, 1926 carried a Berryville item reporting that the Frosty Feet Redsocks had defeated the Morgan Grove team.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E442" ], "entity_ids": [ "frosty-feet-redsocks" ], "establishes": "That a team called the Frosty Feet Redsocks played, and beat, a Morgan Grove team in 1926.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The item as transcribed does not name the sport; the reading notes file it under baseball, which is not asserted here. It dates the game only as \"Wednesday [16]inst.\", with the day partly unread, and that date is not resolved. The team's home and players are not stated, and Morgan Grove is not located.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C399", "text": "The People's Journal of May 1, 1913 printed the program for the dedication of Zion Baptist Church's new chapel and its May Fair, which included a Missionary Society devotional, \"How Shall Africa be saved,\" with Mrs. Lucy Franklin named as president.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the society and its president are identified by inference", "evidence_ids": [ "E443" ], "entity_ids": [ "zion-baptist-missionary-society", "lucy-franklin" ], "establishes": "That a missionary society with a woman as its president had its own place in Zion Baptist Church's 1913 dedication program.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. A program lists what was planned, not what took place. The program as transcribed names a \"Missionary Society\" without saying whose; it is read as Zion Baptist Church's own because the program is that church's. That this Mrs. Lucy Franklin is the Lucy Franklin who advertised her Josephine City residence for boarders in January 1912 is probable, and the reading notes make that identification, but it is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C400", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1925 reported that Rev. Mrs. Fry of Washington, D.C., preached for the Missionary Society of Zion Baptist on Sunday, May 24, 1925.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E444" ], "entity_ids": [ "zion-baptist-missionary-society" ], "establishes": "That a Missionary Society of Zion Baptist was active in 1925, when a woman minister from Washington, D.C., preached for it.", "limitations": "The wording is a condensed transcription of the People's Journal item, not a quotation checked against the page; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The item does not say which Zion Baptist church is meant, and the society is not placed here. Whether it is the society named in Zion Baptist Church's 1913 dedication program is not shown, and continuity between the two dates is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C401", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 carried a signed advertisement for Mrs. Mary L. Harris, dressmaking, Berryville: \"I want to cut, fit and make all suits in the latest style; and guarantee satisfaction.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E445" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-l-harris-dressmaking", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a Berryville woman advertised her own dressmaking business, in her own first-person words, in 1910.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. An advertisement is the advertiser's own account and does not show custom or trade.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C402", "text": "The People's Journal of January 1, 1912 carried a dressmaking advertisement for Mrs. L. Harris: \"Special attention given to children.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; Mrs. L. Harris is identified with Mrs. Mary L. Harris by inference", "evidence_ids": [ "E446", "E447" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-l-harris-dressmaking" ], "establishes": "That a dressmaking business under the Harris name was still advertising in 1912, and offered work for children.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. That this Mrs. L. Harris is the Mrs. Mary L. Harris of the 1910 advertisement is probable from the name and the trade, and the reading notes make that identification, but it is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C403", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 named Mrs. L. E. Carr's First-Class Restaurant on Church Street, with meals at all hours.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E448" ], "entity_ids": [ "carr-first-class-restaurant" ], "establishes": "That the paper carried a restaurant under Mrs. L. E. Carr's name, on Church Street, in 1910.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded, and the reading notes do not say whether the item was an advertisement. The building is not identified, and nothing is claimed about how long the restaurant ran.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C404", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 carried an item for Mr. Ben Jefferson's \"New Store!\", saying he was \"back at his old stand, the Brandy place\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E449" ], "entity_ids": [ "ben-jefferson-new-store" ], "establishes": "That Ben Jefferson announced a new store in 1910 at a stand he had kept before, known as the Brandy place.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded, and the reading notes do not say whether the item was an advertisement. What the store sold, and where the Brandy place stood, are not stated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C405", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 reported that Miss Fanny Massy had built a small shoe-shop and a dwelling house on her Academy lot, and that both were rented out.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E450" ], "entity_ids": [ "fanny-massy-shoe-shop-and-dwelling" ], "establishes": "That in 1910 a woman had built two buildings on a lot of her own and let both.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The Academy lot is not located, the item names no tenants, and whether the shoe-shop was run as one is not stated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C406", "text": "The People's Journal of October 1, 1924 carried H. W. Jackson, Lunch and Ice-Cream, Liberty Street, Berryville, among its businesses.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E451" ], "entity_ids": [ "h-w-jackson-lunch-and-ice-cream", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a lunch and ice-cream business under H. W. Jackson's name was listed on Liberty Street, Berryville, in 1924.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded, and the reading notes list it under businesses without saying whether it was an advertisement. The building is not identified.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C407", "text": "The People's Journal named a barber shop of J. L. Davis, Berryville, in August 1921; of Jack L. Davis, Berryville, in November 1924; and of J. L. Davis again in April 1925.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported accounts; J. L. Davis and Jack L. Davis are read as one proprietor", "evidence_ids": [ "E452", "E453", "E454" ], "entity_ids": [ "jack-l-davis-barber-shop", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a Berryville barber shop under the same proprietor's name appeared in the paper across at least three and a half years.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed pages were not recorded. Reading \"J. L. Davis\" and \"Jack L. Davis\" as one man, and the three listings as one shop, is probable from the name, the trade and the town, and the reading notes make that identification, but it is not established. The 1925 listing, as transcribed, does not name Berryville. The three listings come from one newspaper and are not independent of each other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C408", "text": "The National Register nomination for the Josephine City Historic District describes the community's 31 lots, mostly of one acre, as lying 16 on the south side and 15 on the north of what is now Josephine Street, and says the founding deed stipulated a road at least 16 feet wide, taken off the front of every lot.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E455" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-street", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the Josephine City lots were laid out on both sides of what is now Josephine Street, and that the founding deed required a road through the tract.", "limitations": "The wording is this project's reading notes on the nomination, which condense it, and the notes do not record the nomination's page for this passage. That the deed's 16-foot road is the present Josephine Street is probable from the arrangement of the lots, but the notes do not say so in terms. The deed itself was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C409", "text": "The alphabetical index to Maral S. Kalbian's 1992 reconnaissance survey of Clarke County lists nineteen surveyed resources on Josephine Street, all on the Berryville quadrangle map, with house numbers from 15 to 312 and two printed without a number.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E456" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-street" ], "establishes": "That the 1992 survey recorded nineteen resources along Josephine Street, most of them under street addresses.", "limitations": "An index row gives a survey number, an address and a quadrangle map, and nothing about the resource itself; two rows print a question mark in place of a house number. The survey covers structures of 1900 to 1941, but an index row is not evidence of any one building's date. The excerpt shows four of the nineteen rows.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C410", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 18, 1925 reported that Henry G. Shirley, chairman of the Virginia State Highway Commission, had written to Joseph F. Moore, attorney for the Corporation of Berryville, that an error had been made in connection with the block of Main Street between Church and Buckmarsh Streets, and that he had directed the district engineer to repair that block too.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E457" ], "entity_ids": [ "main-street-berryville", "church-street-berryville", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the state highway department undertook in 1925 to repair the block of Berryville's Main Street between Church and Buckmarsh Streets.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. \"ipf\", \"CominisBion\" and \"wroth\" are read as \"of\", \"Commission\" and \"wrote\". The item does not say what the error was, or whether the repair was made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C411", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 5, 1925 reported that a new sign, illuminated by electric lights and displayed by Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion, hung on Church Street at the entrance to the Legion Building.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the street is identified as Berryville's by inference", "evidence_ids": [ "E458" ], "entity_ids": [ "church-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "That the American Legion post's building stood on Church Street in 1925, with a lighted sign at its entrance.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not name the town or give the building's address. The Church Street of the Courier's front-page local news is read as Berryville's, which is probable but not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C412", "text": "Kalbian's 1992 survey says Berryville was established in 1798 on twenty acres of land owned by Benjamin Berry and Sarah Stribling, and that Main Street was the \"Great Road\" which connected Winchester to Snicker's Gap.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E459" ], "entity_ids": [ "main-street-berryville", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the 1992 survey treats Berryville's Main Street as the older road between Winchester and Snicker's Gap.", "limitations": "A historical summary in a 1992 survey report. The paragraph cites Norris, page 487, after its next sentence, and does not say when the road was called the Great Road. The account was not checked against earlier records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C413", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 26, 1925 reported that the new office building the Clarke County Oil Company had been erecting was near completion at the corner of Liberty Street along the Norfolk and Western tracks.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E460" ], "entity_ids": [ "liberty-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "That a local oil company was finishing an office in 1925 at a corner of Liberty Street beside the Norfolk and Western tracks.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. \"at th\" is read as \"at the\". The item names neither the cross street nor the building's address. It does not name the town either, though it speaks of the company's new manager returning to Berryville. Nothing is claimed about the building after 1925.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C414", "text": "The People's Journal of January 1, 1925 reported that Mr. and Mrs. Robert Taylor's house on North Buckmarsh Street was completed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E461" ], "entity_ids": [ "north-buckmarsh-street" ], "establishes": "That a house on North Buckmarsh Street had been newly completed for a named couple by the start of 1925.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The item gives no house number and does not name the town; the reading notes list North Buckmarsh Street among the Berryville streets the paper names.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C415", "text": "The alphabetical index to Kalbian's 1992 survey lists nine surveyed resources on Blackburn St., all on the Berryville quadrangle map: six numbered between 14 and 24, and three whose house numbers the index marks with a question mark.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E462" ], "entity_ids": [ "blackburn-street" ], "establishes": "That the 1992 survey recorded nine resources along Blackburn Street.", "limitations": "An index row gives a survey number, an address and a quadrangle map, and nothing about the resource itself. Three rows are queried in the index, two of them with numbers far above the rest. The index does not name the town.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C416", "text": "The People's Journal of March 1, 1899 recorded the death of Mrs. Lizzie Carter, whose residence was on Lincoln Ave.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E463" ], "entity_ids": [ "lincoln-avenue" ], "establishes": "That Lincoln Ave was a street with residents by 1899.", "limitations": "The wording is a transcription of the People's Journal, which condenses some entries; the newspaper OCR was not re-read for this claim. The printed page was not recorded. The item gives no house number and does not name the town; the reading notes later list Lincoln Ave among the Berryville streets the paper names, which is probable but not established for 1899.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C417", "text": "Kalbian's 1992 survey names Frogtown among the Clarke County hamlets that earlier surveys had recorded, with Stringtown, Rattlesnake Spring, Webbtown, Stone Bridge, Bethel and Waterloo.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E464" ], "entity_ids": [ "frogtown" ], "establishes": "That Frogtown was a recognized hamlet in the county's architectural surveys by 1992.", "limitations": "A one-line mention in a 1992 survey report. It says the hamlet was surveyed before, and gives nothing of its history, extent or people. The earlier survey was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C418", "text": "Kalbian's 1992 survey records the Frogtown Store, 21-944, as one of three commercial resources it identified for the period from 1914 to 1991, and says that only the Frogtown Store still functioned as a rural country store.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the store is placed in Frogtown by its name", "evidence_ids": [ "E465" ], "entity_ids": [ "frogtown" ], "establishes": "That a country store named for Frogtown was still trading as a rural store when the survey was made.", "limitations": "The survey does not describe the store's building, date or owners, and does not say in terms that it stands in Frogtown; that is read from its name. Nothing is claimed about the store after 1992.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C419", "text": "Kalbian's 1992 survey lists a \"House in Frogtown\", 21-400, in its table of schools from past rural surveys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E466" ], "entity_ids": [ "frogtown" ], "establishes": "That an earlier rural survey recorded a house in Frogtown that the 1992 report lists among past school sites.", "limitations": "A table row gives a name and a number only. The survey does not say when, or whether, the house served as a school; its place in the schools table is the only indication.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C420", "text": "The National Register nomination for the Josephine City Historic District begins the district's period of significance in 1874, the date of its oldest resource: the marked burial of Mary Slowe in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E467" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the oldest dated resource in the Josephine City Historic District is a marked grave of 1874 in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "limitations": "Read on rendered pages of the DHR-hosted PDF (pages 4 and 5; the period is restated on page 29). The gravestone was not seen, and nothing is claimed about Mary Slowe beyond the burial.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C421", "text": "The Josephine City Historic District nomination cites Clarke County Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154, of 1874, for the three-acre purchase of Milton Valley Cemetery, as this project's notes record the citation.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E468" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That the cemetery ground was bought as a three-acre tract in 1874, by the nomination's citation.", "limitations": "Read on the rendered PDF, footnote 17 on page 49. The deed itself was not read. The nomination's narrative names the seller as A. Moore, as guardian of the Hebb heirs, and says the deed was recorded in 1880, referring to an 1874 agreement; the 1909 Courier names \"Mr. Engle.\" The conflict is not resolved here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C422", "text": "The Library of Congress catalog record for The First Minnesota gives its first issue as Vol. 1, no. 1, of March 11, 1862, records that the paper ceased in 1862 and that the March 11 issue also appeared in a second edition, and notes that it was issued with the Berryville Conservator of March 11, 1862.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E469" ], "entity_ids": [ "first-minnesota" ], "establishes": "That a paper titled The First Minnesota began and ended in 1862, and was issued together with a Berryville title.", "limitations": "A catalog record, not an issue: no page of the paper has been read, and the Library of Congress holds no digitized issues. The notes are quoted as this project recorded them from the catalog in 2026. This record dates the joint issue March 11, 1862, while the Berryville Conservator's record gives March 12; both are kept.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C423", "text": "The Library of Congress catalog record for the Berryville Conservator notes that its title \"may have been coined by the occupying Union troops,\" and that it was issued with the First Minnesota of March 12, 1862, \"a publication of the First Minnesota Regiment of Union troops which occupied the town.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E470", "E471" ], "entity_ids": [ "first-minnesota", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the national catalog describes The First Minnesota as the paper of a Union regiment occupying Berryville, issued with a local title in March 1862.", "limitations": "A cataloger's note, not a contemporary account, and it hedges its statement about the Conservator's title. Nothing about the First Minnesota Regiment's movements has been checked here, and no issue of either paper has been read. This record's March 12 date differs from the March 11 in The First Minnesota's own record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C424", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1925 quoted the Winchester Star as saying that \"ever since the establishment of Winchester Memorial Hospital\" the people of Clarke County had taken a deep interest in its welfare, often shown in large gifts, of which the Blandy memorial was the latest.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E472" ], "entity_ids": [ "winchester-star" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reprinted the Winchester Star in 1925, and that the Star wrote about Clarke County's gifts to the Winchester hospital.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Star's own article was not read: its words are as the Courier printed them, and the Courier gives no date for it. That the Winchester Star of 1925 and the paper of that name reporting in 2026 are one newspaper is probable from the name, but is not established here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C425", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mr. D. G. Cooley as principal of Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 reports him, as principal of the high school, in charge at the new building.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E473", "E474", "E475" ], "entity_ids": [ "dg-cooley", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That D. G. Cooley was named to lead Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, and was in charge of its new building that September.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C426", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1925 reports that on the birthday of Robert E. Lee, when members of the Woman's Auxiliary of Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, presented a history of the 29th Division in the World War to Berryville High School, Mr. D. G. Cooley, principal of the school, thanked the Auxiliary on behalf of the faculty and pupils.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E476" ], "entity_ids": [ "dg-cooley", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That D. G. Cooley was principal of Berryville High School by January 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item reports one ceremony. It does not say when Cooley became principal, and it dates the ceremony only as Lee's birthday.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C427", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Frances Wolfe as assistant principal of Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 again names her as assistant principal among the high school principal's assistants.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E477", "E478", "E479" ], "entity_ids": [ "frances-wolfe", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Frances Wolfe was named assistant principal of Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C428", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. Louise Kerfoot as one of the two high school teachers at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 again names her among the high school principal's assistants.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E480", "E481", "E482" ], "entity_ids": [ "louise-kerfoot", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Louise Kerfoot was named one of the two high school teachers at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C429", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Willie M. Snouffer as one of the two high school teachers at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 again names her, as Miss Willie Morris Snouffer, among the high school principal's assistants.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E483", "E484", "E485" ], "entity_ids": [ "willie-m-snouffer", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Willie M. Snouffer was named one of the two high school teachers at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading \"Willie M.\" and \"Willie Morris\" as one teacher rests on the matching name in the same place on the staff. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C430", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Ella Holland as the seventh-grade teacher at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 lists her as the seventh-grade teacher in the new building on Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E486", "E487", "E488" ], "entity_ids": [ "ella-holland", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Ella Holland was named the seventh-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July OCR splits her surname as \"Hol land\"; the September notice prints it whole. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C431", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. Mary D. Sowers as the sixth-grade teacher at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 lists her as the sixth-grade teacher in the new building on Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E489", "E490", "E491" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-d-sowers", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Mary D. Sowers was named the sixth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July OCR splits her surname as \"Sow ers\"; the September notice prints it whole. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C432", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Beatrice Kackley as the fifth-grade teacher at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 lists her as the fifth-grade teacher in the new building on Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E492", "E493", "E494" ], "entity_ids": [ "beatrice-kackley", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Beatrice Kackley was named the fifth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C433", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. Wilbur Price as the teacher of the combined fourth and fifth grades at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 lists her for the same grades in the new building on Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E495", "E496", "E497" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-wilbur-price", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That the teacher both notices call Mrs. Wilbur Price was named to the fourth and fifth grades at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Both notices name her only by her husband's name, and her own given name is not printed in either. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C434", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Agnes Fenton as the fourth-grade teacher at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 reports that she, as teacher of the fourth grade in the old school building on Academy Street, had been put in charge of that building, listing her there as teacher of the fourth grade and assistant principal in charge.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E498", "E499", "E500", "E501" ], "entity_ids": [ "agnes-fenton", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Agnes Fenton was named the fourth-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session, and was put in charge of its old building on Academy Street in September 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The September OCR prints \"it\" for \"in\" in \"assistant principal in charge\". The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C435", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. Ella Hughes as the first-grade teacher at Berryville High School, and the Courier of September 17, 1925 lists her as the first-grade teacher in the other building, the old building on Academy Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E502", "E503", "E504", "E505" ], "entity_ids": [ "ella-hughes", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Ella Hughes was named the first-grade teacher at Berryville High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July OCR prints a stray period before her surname. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The September notice speaks of the principal of the high school and of two buildings without naming the school; it is read as Berryville High School because its principal and teachers match the July list. \"The other building\" is read as the old building on Academy Street, which the same notice puts in Miss Fenton's charge.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C436", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 30, 1925, under the headline \"Miss Pierce Wed Wednesday,\" reports that Miss Virginia Pierce, a teacher in Berryville High School and daughter of Mr. F. H. Pierce, chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, had become the bride of Mr. Dean Colston at Washington, and that she would return shortly to finish her session's work before leaving with her husband.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E506" ], "entity_ids": [ "virginia-pierce", "berryville-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Virginia Pierce was teaching at Berryville High School in the spring of 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Supervisory\" for Supervisors. A wedding notice: it does not say what she taught or whether she returned to finish the session, and nothing is claimed about her after it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C437", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 12, 1925, under the headline \"January Honor Roll, Boyce High School,\" reports that the honor roll of the Boyce Agricultural High School for January had been announced by Principal T. F. Akers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E507", "E508", "E509" ], "entity_ids": [ "tf-akers", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That T. F. Akers was principal of the Boyce high school early in 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"rojl\" for roll. The item names the school two ways, Boyce High School in its headline and the Boyce Agricultural High School in its text. The pupils it names are not recorded here. It does not say how long Akers served; the appointments list printed that July names Winter Royston as Boyce's principal for 1925-26.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C438", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925 under a headline announcing a new Boyce principal, names Mr. Winter Royston as principal of Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E510", "E511" ], "entity_ids": [ "winter-royston", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Winter Royston was named principal of Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list prints his surname \"Rovston\"; the Courier's notices of October 8 and 15, 1925 print Royston. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. No relationship to Ruth Royston, on the same staff, is assumed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C439", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mr. E. W. Roller as the agriculture teacher at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E512", "E513" ], "entity_ids": [ "ew-roller", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That E. W. Roller was named the agriculture teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C440", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Ruth Royston as one of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E514", "E515" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruth-royston", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Ruth Royston was named one of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. No relationship to Winter Royston, the principal named in the same entry, is assumed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C441", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Bettie Teel Miller as one of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E516", "E517" ], "entity_ids": [ "bettie-teel-miller", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Bettie Teel Miller was named one of the two high school teachers at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C442", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Katharine Jones as the home economics teacher at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E518", "E519" ], "entity_ids": [ "katharine-jones", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Katharine Jones was named the home economics teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C443", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Grace Johnston as the seventh-grade teacher at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E520", "E521" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-johnston", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Grace Johnston was named the seventh-grade teacher at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C444", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Audrey Fritts as the teacher of the fifth and sixth grades at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E522", "E523" ], "entity_ids": [ "audrey-fritts", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Audrey Fritts was named the teacher of the fifth and sixth grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C445", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Ruth Berlin as the teacher of the third and fourth grades at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E524", "E525" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruth-berlin", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Ruth Berlin was named the teacher of the third and fourth grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C446", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Mary Thompson as the teacher of the first and second grades at Boyce High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E526", "E527" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-thompson", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That Mary Thompson was named the teacher of the first and second grades at Boyce High School for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C447", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 8, 1925 reports that a teachers' institute for Clarke and Frederick counties met at Berryville in the auditorium of the high school, with Prof. D. G. Cooley, president of the Clarke County institute, as chairman, and that the Clarke County institute was reorganized with D. G. Cooley as president, Prof. Winter Royston as vice-president, Miss Katharine Jones as secretary and Miss Frances Wolfe as treasurer.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the officers are identified with the teachers by name", "evidence_ids": [ "E528", "E529", "E530" ], "entity_ids": [ "dg-cooley", "winter-royston", "katharine-jones", "frances-wolfe" ], "establishes": "That the officers the Clarke County teachers' institute elected in October 1925 bore the names of two principals and two teachers on the county's appointments list for 1925-26.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles \"president\" in the chairman's title. The notice gives the officers without their schools: attaching it to the principals and teachers of the same names on the 1925-26 appointments list is probable, but the notice does not state it, and it does not name the high school where the institute met.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C448", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 15, 1925, reporting that the local arrangements at each place would be under the direction of the principal of each school there, printed a schedule of moving pictures on public health problems that names Mr. D. G. Cooley at Berryville on October 19 and Mr. Winter Royston at Boyce on October 20.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E531" ], "entity_ids": [ "dg-cooley", "winter-royston" ], "establishes": "That D. G. Cooley and Winter Royston were each to direct, as principal, the local arrangements for a public health showing in October 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Scedule\" and \"bn\". The schedule names places, not schools; that the men named are the principals follows from the item's statement that each school's principal directs the local arrangements. Whether the showings took place is not reported here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C449", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, says the appointments were announced by Dr. C. O. Dearmont, chairman of the School Board, as listed by the Division Superintendent, Mr. Leslie D. Kline.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E532" ], "entity_ids": [ "leslie-d-kline" ], "establishes": "That Leslie D. Kline, as division superintendent, listed the county's teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list says only that the appointments were as listed by him; what his part in making them was is not stated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C450", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 26, 1925 printed a statement telephoned by Mr. Leslie D. Kline, superintendent of schools for the division of Clarke and Frederick Counties, saying that he had learned from the local papers of meetings to be held at the Court Houses in Berryville and Winchester concerning the Division Superintendent of Schools, that he had not been told the reasons for \"this protest,\" and that he would be present to answer any questions that citizens of either county wished to ask.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; the OCR drops part of the statement", "evidence_ids": [ "E533" ], "entity_ids": [ "leslie-d-kline" ], "establishes": "That by late February 1925 meetings in protest concerning the division superintendent had been announced for Berryville and Winchester, and that Kline said he would attend them.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Words are missing from the OCR where the statement said what the meetings were called to do, so the protest is known here only as concerning the Division Superintendent of Schools, and nothing more is inferred about it. Whether the meetings were held, and what was said at them, is not reported in this item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C451", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1925 announced a mass meeting at the Court House in Berryville on Friday night, January 30, in the interest of the Clarke County Training School, at which Supervisor W. D. Gresham, of the colored schools of Virginia, would speak, with remarks by Mr. Leslie D. Kline, division superintendent, members of the Clarke County School Board and T. C. Walker.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E534" ], "entity_ids": [ "leslie-d-kline" ], "establishes": "That Kline was billed to speak, as division superintendent, at a meeting in January 1925 for a county training school for Black children.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. An announcement of a meeting to come: whether it was held as announced, and what Kline said, is not reported in this item. The training school it names is not identified with any building or later school, and no record of one is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C452", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 7, 1925, under a headline saying that the county's Black residents wanted a school, reports that between three and four hundred of them met at the Court House on a Monday night to hear Dr. Gresham, state supervisor of Negro education, Dr. L. A. Parker, Dr. C. O. Dearmont, chairman of the Clarke County School Board, and E. T. Johnson, and that the meeting was turned over to Mr. Leslie D. Kline, division superintendent of schools, who said that it was the purpose of the state that every child should have equal educational advantages, and introduced Dr. Gresham.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E535", "E536", "E537" ], "entity_ids": [ "leslie-d-kline" ], "establishes": "That Kline took charge of a meeting of the county's Black residents about schooling, reported in May 1925, and told it that the state's purpose was equal educational advantages for every child.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The report continues on a later page, which was not read. The headline's statement that a school was wanted is the Courier's: the passage read does not quote a request or name the school sought. Dr. Gresham's own remarks, reported in the same item, are not recorded here. The Courier of April 30, 1925 had announced a meeting at the Court House for Monday night, May 4, with Gresham to speak and Kline to preside; the report does not say that this was that meeting, though the place, the speaker and Kline's part match.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C453", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 19, 1925, under the headline \"Many Present at Presentation,\" names Mr. Holmes Hardesty, of the board, after Dr. C. O. Dearmont, of the County school board, among those on the rostrum at the exercises at the new high school building, and the Courier of June 4, 1925 names Mr. Holmes J. Hardesty, secretary of the Board, as one of two School Board members who gave talks on the school situation in the county, introducing the chairman, Dr. C. O. Dearmont.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E538", "E539" ], "entity_ids": [ "holmes-j-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Holmes J. Hardesty was a member of the Clarke County School Board in March 1925 and its secretary in June.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The March item prints his name without the middle initial and says only \"of the board\"; it is read as the County school board named just before it, of which the June item makes him secretary. The June OCR prints the chairman's name as \"Deprmont\".", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C454", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names J. P. Rier as principal of the Millwood colored school, and the Courier of October 15, 1925, reporting that the local arrangements for showings of public health pictures would be under the direction of the principal of each school, names him for Millwood on November 3 in its schedule for the colored schools.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E540", "E541", "E542" ], "entity_ids": [ "jp-rier", "millwood-colored-school" ], "establishes": "That J. P. Rier was named principal of the Millwood colored school for the 1925-26 session, and was to direct the local arrangements for its public health showing that November.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The schedule names places, not schools, and gives no titles; that the people named were to direct the local arrangements follows from the item's statement about each school's principal. Whether the showing took place is not reported here. Millwood in the schedule for the colored schools is read as the Millwood colored school, whose principal the July list names as Rier.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C455", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Clarissa Layton as a teacher at the Millwood colored school, after its principal, J. P. Rier, and Louise Bannister.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E543", "E544" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarissa-layton", "millwood-colored-school" ], "establishes": "That Clarissa Layton was named a teacher at the Millwood colored school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. No relationship to Alma Layton, named for the Boyce colored school in the same list, is assumed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C456", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Matilda Herbert, with Alma Layton, as a teacher at the Boyce colored school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E545", "E546" ], "entity_ids": [ "matilda-herbert", "alma-layton" ], "establishes": "That Matilda Herbert was named a teacher at the Boyce colored school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Boyce Colored; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C457", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names George W. Carter as the teacher of the Bristol colored school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E547", "E548" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-w-carter", "bristol-colored-school" ], "establishes": "That George W. Carter was named the teacher of the Bristol colored school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR splits the surname across a line as \"Car ter\". The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. Whether Bristol is the place the People's Journal spells Bristow is not established, and nothing here identifies him with anyone the People's Journal names at Bristow.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C458", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. C. Agnes Miller as the teacher of the Providence Chapel school, and the Courier of October 15, 1925, reporting that the local arrangements for showings of public health pictures would be under the direction of the principal of each school, names her for Providence Chapel on October 23.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E549", "E550", "E551" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-agnes-miller" ], "establishes": "That C. Agnes Miller was named the teacher of the Providence Chapel school for the 1925-26 session, and was to direct the local arrangements for its public health showing in October 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The schedule names places, not schools, and gives no titles; that the people named were to direct the local arrangements follows from the item's statement about each school's principal. Whether the showing took place is not reported here. She is read as the Providence Chapel school's teacher in October because the name matches the July entry. The list gives the school only as Providence Chapel; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C459", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Edna Grim as the teacher of the Bethel school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E552", "E553" ], "entity_ids": [ "edna-grim" ], "establishes": "That Edna Grim was named the teacher of the Bethel school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Bethel; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C460", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Eunice Carper as the teacher of the Kinderhook school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E554", "E555" ], "entity_ids": [ "eunice-carper" ], "establishes": "That Eunice Carper was named the teacher of the Kinderhook school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Kinderhook; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C461", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Gladys Jenkins as one of the two teachers of the Millwood school, which the list gives apart from the Millwood colored school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E556", "E557" ], "entity_ids": [ "gladys-jenkins" ], "establishes": "That Gladys Jenkins was named a teacher at the Millwood school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The OCR garbles the name of the second teacher, who is not recorded here. No relationship to Lola Jenkins, named for Oak Grove in the same list, is assumed. The list gives the school only as Millwood; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C462", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Gladys Rowland, with Miss Mary Lee Meade, as a teacher at the Riverside school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E558", "E559" ], "entity_ids": [ "gladys-rowland" ], "establishes": "That Gladys Rowland was named a teacher at the Riverside school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Riverside. Whether it is the Riverside School of the 1992 architectural survey is not established, and that record is not linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C463", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Mary Lee Meade, with Miss Gladys Rowland, as a teacher at the Riverside school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E560", "E561" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-lee-meade" ], "establishes": "That Mary Lee Meade was named a teacher at the Riverside school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Riverside. Whether it is the Riverside School of the 1992 architectural survey is not established, and that record is not linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C464", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Ida Payne as the teacher of the Marvin Chapel school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E562", "E563" ], "entity_ids": [ "ida-payne" ], "establishes": "That Ida Payne was named the teacher of the Marvin Chapel school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Marvin Chapel; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C465", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Lola Jenkins as the teacher of the Oak Grove school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E564", "E565" ], "entity_ids": [ "lola-jenkins" ], "establishes": "That Lola Jenkins was named the teacher of the Oak Grove school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. No relationship to Gladys Jenkins, named for Millwood in the same list, is assumed. The list gives the school only as Oak Grove; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C466", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Miss Nellie Mae Evans as the teacher of the Hawthorne school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E566", "E567", "E568" ], "entity_ids": [ "nellie-mae-evans" ], "establishes": "That Nellie Mae Evans was named the teacher of the Hawthorne school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Her surname runs across two blocks of the OCR, \"Ev\" at the end of one and \"ans.\" at the start of the next; Evans is the joined reading. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Hawthorne. Whether it is the Hawthorne Schoolhouse of the 1992 architectural survey is not established, and that record is not linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C467", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. Walter Foley as the teacher of the Glendale school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E569", "E570" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-walter-foley" ], "establishes": "That the teacher the list calls Mrs. Walter Foley was named to the Glendale school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list names her only by her husband's name, and her own given name is not printed. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Glendale; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C468", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of teacher appointments for the 1925-26 session, printed July 9, 1925, names Mrs. C. C. Elsea as the teacher of the Pine Grove school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E571", "E572" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-cc-elsea" ], "establishes": "That the teacher the list calls Mrs. C. C. Elsea was named to the Pine Grove school for the 1925-26 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list names her only as Mrs. C. C. Elsea, and her own given name is not printed. The list records appointments announced for the session, not who taught during it. The list gives the school only as Pine Grove; no record for the school is linked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C469", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 2, 1925 reports wedding licenses issued the week before by the County Clerk, Mr. Eugene Glover, and its issue of January 8, 1925 prints a chancery notice from the Clerk's Office of the Circuit Court of Clarke County attested by Eugene Glover, Clerk.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E573", "E574" ], "entity_ids": [ "eugene-glover" ], "establishes": "That Eugene Glover was clerk of Clarke County and of its Circuit Court in 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the County Clerk of April and the Circuit Court's clerk of January as one man rests on the matching name. The couples named in the April notice and the parties to the January suit are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C470", "text": "A chancery notice from the Clerk's Office of the Circuit Court of Clarke County, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 8, 1925 in a suit to construe the will of Daniel Carter, names among the parties W. W. Smallwood, Sheriff, and Committee Administrator of Harriet Carter, deceased.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E575" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-w-smallwood" ], "establishes": "That W. W. Smallwood was sheriff of Clarke County in January 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is named as a party in his offices, and nothing about the suit's outcome is recorded here. The notice ran again in the issue of January 29, 1925, with its date misprinted as 1923; that printing is not quoted. The other parties are not recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C471", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 15, 1925 prints a notice headed \"Sheriff's Sale,\" signed W. W. Smallwood, Sheriff of Clarke County, offering a Ford automobile at public auction at the Boyce Garage on October 17, 1925, under an order issued by S. D. Estep, Justice of the Peace, Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E576" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-w-smallwood", "s-d-estep" ], "establishes": "That W. W. Smallwood was sheriff, and S. D. Estep a justice of the peace, of Clarke County in October 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The same notice ran in the issue of October 8, 1925, which is not quoted. Whether the sale took place is not reported here, and the person the order was issued against is not recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C472", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1925, under the headline \"Treasurer Gives Dog Tax Figures,\" reports that County Treasurer W. A. Bradford settled the dog license account for 1924 with the Board of Supervisors on January 5, 1925.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E577" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-a-bradford" ], "establishes": "That W. A. Bradford was treasurer of Clarke County at the start of 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The statement of receipts and expenditures printed below the item is not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C473", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 17, 1925 names Hon. W. A. Bradford, Treasurer of Clarke County, among those who enjoyed a three-act comedy shown at the Parish Hall, Boyce, by friends and members of the faculty of the Boyce Agricultural High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E578" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-a-bradford" ], "establishes": "That W. A. Bradford was treasurer of Clarke County at the end of 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Jhe\" for the. The play is dated only as \"last week\", and nothing more about Bradford is recorded from the item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C474", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 5, 1925 prints a notice, signed for the Local Board of Equalization of Assessments by C. T. Hardesty, Chairman, that the board would meet at the office of the Commissioner of the Revenue in Berryville on November 10, 11 and 12 to hear grievances and complaints about assessments.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E579" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-t-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That C. T. Hardesty was chairman of the Local Board of Equalization of Assessments of Clarke County in November 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the board's name in the signature. No relationship to the other Hardestys named in 1925 notices is assumed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C475", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 10, 1925 prints a notice, signed Dan T. Shepherd, Game Warden, that strayed horses found on the Winchester-Berryville Pike near the Opequon would be sold at noon in front of the Court House if not called for by Saturday, September 12.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E580" ], "entity_ids": [ "dan-t-shepherd" ], "establishes": "That Dan T. Shepherd signed notices as game warden in September 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The notice does not say what area he served, or whether the horses were claimed or sold.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C476", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 5, 1925 reports that Robert B. Crawford, former county agent of Clarke and Warren, had accepted a similar position in Prince Edward County, to begin about February 15, and that since his term in Clarke expired, when he took up the Warren position on January 1, 1925, Clarke had been without a county agent.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E581" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-b-crawford" ], "establishes": "That Robert B. Crawford had been county agent for Clarke County, which had none from January 1 to early February 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item describes his service two ways, \"for the past year of Warren County alone\" and \"for a year\" serving both counties; neither is reconciled here, and no start date for his work in Clarke is given. His family and new home are not recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C477", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 8, 1925 reprints from the Harrisonburg News-Record a report that Capt. John H. Enders, funeral director of Berryville and chief of the Berryville Fire Company, attending a meeting of the Shenandoah Valley Funeral Directors in Harrisonburg, said Berryville had voted a $55,000 bond issue for a reservoir on the hill overlooking the town and would be prepared for the next drought.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E582" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-h-enders" ], "establishes": "That John H. Enders was a Berryville funeral director and chief of the Berryville Fire Company in 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. A report from another paper, reprinted: its \"yesterday\" is not dated here. The quotation is Enders's own account of the town's plan. The Berryville Fire Company of this report is not linked to the released record of the John H. Enders Fire Company and Rescue Squad, because nothing read here establishes that they are one company or that it was named for him.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C478", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 5, 1925 reports that Miss Rose MacDonald, judge of the juvenile and domestic relations court of Clarke County, said eleven cases of violation of the compulsory school attendance law had been reported to her, and that all the cases she handled had been smoothed out by letters to the parents.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E583" ], "entity_ids": [ "rose-macdonald" ], "establishes": "That Rose MacDonald was judge of the juvenile and domestic relations court of Clarke County in February 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say when she became judge. No child or family is named, and none is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C479", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 9, 1925 announces a meeting of the Woman's Democratic Club of Clarke County that afternoon at the home of its chairman, Miss Rose MacDonald, at whose call the members would gather.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E584" ], "entity_ids": [ "rose-macdonald" ], "establishes": "That Rose MacDonald was chairman of the Woman's Democratic Club of Clarke County in July 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline calls it the Women's Democratic Club, and the OCR prints \"Womna's\" in the text. An announcement of a meeting to come: whether it was held is not reported here. Reading the club's chairman as the judge of the February report rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C480", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 5, 1925 reports that a decision of Magistrate John T. Crow, in a suit over repairs to an automobile after an accident, was appealed to the County Court, where a jury annulled the verdict won in the lower court at a hearing before Judge Frank B. Whiting.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E585" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-t-crow", "frank-b-whiting" ], "establishes": "That John T. Crow was a magistrate, and Frank B. Whiting a judge, in Clarke County in 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"same\" for came. The item does not say which district Crow served or when he decided the case. The parties to the suit are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C481", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 5, 1925 reports that Judge Frank B. Whiting pointed out that it was unlawful to sell any kind of drinks without a permit from the Circuit Court when a complaint was made, and that those complained against were ordered by the court to suspend their sales until they had a permit.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E586" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-b-whiting" ], "establishes": "That Frank B. Whiting sat as judge in Clarke County in February 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The part of the item that names the people complained against is not quoted, and they are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C482", "text": "An article in the Clarke Courier of September 17, 1925 on $55,000 in bonds that the town council favored says that a copy of the order entered by the Hon F. B. Whiting, Judge of the Circuit Court of Clarke County, had also appeared, calling an election of the town's qualified voters, set for September 24, on whether the bonds should be issued.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; F. B. Whiting is identified with Judge Frank B. Whiting by initials and title", "evidence_ids": [ "E587" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-b-whiting" ], "establishes": "That F. B. Whiting, read as Frank B. Whiting, was judge of the Circuit Court of Clarke County in September 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The article gives only his initials; reading him as the Judge Frank B. Whiting of the February reports rests on the initials and the title. The order itself is not quoted, and the election's result is not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C483", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 4, 1925 reports a meeting of the Clarke County Democratic Executive Committee at the office of its chairman, Hon. W. T. Lewis, and prints the committee's resolution, signed W. T. Lewis, Chairman, and T. B. Hardesty, Secretary, that its nominee for the House of Delegates be chosen by a direct primary on August 4, 1925.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E588", "E589" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-t-lewis", "t-b-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That W. T. Lewis was chairman, and T. B. Hardesty secretary, of the Clarke County Democratic Executive Committee in 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Two items in the same issue. The resolution's OCR prints the meeting date \"May 2Sth\", read as May 28. Neither item says how long either man held office. No relationship to the other Hardestys named in 1925 notices is assumed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C484", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 2, 1925 reports a mass meeting headed by Mr. Joseph Denny, of White Post, member of the County Democratic Committee, at which Hon. W. T. Lewis, chairman of the Democratic Committee, placed Mr. Pierce's name before the meeting, and which adopted resolutions asking the county's Democratic executive committee to endorse Mr. Pierce's candidacy.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E590" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-denny", "w-t-lewis" ], "establishes": "That Joseph Denny of White Post was a member, and W. T. Lewis the chairman, of the County Democratic Committee in April 1925.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item's opening, which gives Mr. Pierce's full name and the office he was asked to seek, is garbled in the OCR and is not quoted. Mr. Pierce is not linked to any record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C485", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 27, 1925 reports that Mr. Denny, a member of the Democratic Executive Committee, presided on Saturday at the convention at the Court House in the absence of the chairman, Hon. W. T. Lewis, and that the Clarke delegation planned to put Mr. Joseph S. Denny of White Post forward for the Democratic nomination to succeed Hon. H. F. Byrd, resigned, as state senator.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Supported account; Joseph S. Denny is identified with Joseph Denny of White Post by name, place and committee", "evidence_ids": [ "E591" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-denny", "w-t-lewis" ], "establishes": "That Joseph S. Denny of White Post presided at the Clarke County Democratic convention in August 1925 and was to be put forward for the state senate.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item names \"Mr. Denny\" as presiding and \"Mr. Joseph S. Denny of White Post\" as the candidate. Reading them as one man, and as the Joseph Denny of White Post of the April report, rests on the name, the place and the committee. Whether he was nominated is not reported here, and the delegates the item lists are not recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C486", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Frederick Adams, 26, single, a farm hand born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Emma Walker on January 6, 1881, at the bride's residence.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E592" ], "entity_ids": [ "frederick-adams" ], "establishes": "That Frederick Adams, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Emma Walker in 1881.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. The entry marks both him and his wife \"(col)\", Duncan's abbreviation, which her key defines as \"colored\". Nothing about Frederick Adams beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C487", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Elijah Addison, 33, single, a farm hand born in Jefferson County, West Virginia, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Arrena Harris on September 28, 1878, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E593" ], "entity_ids": [ "elijah-addison" ], "establishes": "That Elijah Addison, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Arrena Harris in 1878.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. The entry marks both him and his wife \"(col)\", Duncan's abbreviation, which her key defines as \"colored\". Nothing about Elijah Addison beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C488", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Philip J. Afflick, 29, widowed, a blacksmith born in Frederick County, Virginia, and living in Berryville, married Marcella Deahl on October 4, 1866, at Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E594" ], "entity_ids": [ "philip-j-afflick" ], "establishes": "That Philip J. Afflick, a blacksmith living in Berryville, married Marcella Deahl in 1866.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Philip J. Afflick beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C489", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Benjamin F. Alexander, 22, single, a farmer born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Eliza Willingham on October 17, 1872, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E595" ], "entity_ids": [ "benjamin-f-alexander" ], "establishes": "That Benjamin F. Alexander, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Eliza Willingham in 1872.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Benjamin F. Alexander beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C490", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Robert E. Allder, 21, single, a farmer born in Loudoun County, Virginia, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Laura V. Knight on October 14, 1875, near Castleman's Ferry.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E596" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-e-allder" ], "establishes": "That Robert E. Allder, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Laura V. Knight in 1875.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Robert E. Allder beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C491", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Edward Allen, 32, single, a farm hand born in Amherst County, Virginia, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Sally Thompson on March 25, 1885, at Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E597" ], "entity_ids": [ "edward-allen" ], "establishes": "That Edward Allen, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Sally Thompson in 1885.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. The entry marks both him and his wife \"(col)\", Duncan's abbreviation, which her key defines as \"colored\". Nothing about Edward Allen beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C492", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Roger P. Annan, 22, single, a merchant born in Cumberland, Maryland, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Adelaide S. Hall on October 23, 1867, at the bride's residence.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E598" ], "entity_ids": [ "roger-p-annan" ], "establishes": "That Roger P. Annan, a merchant living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Adelaide S. Hall in 1867.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Roger P. Annan beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C493", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that William B. Atkins, 21, single, a shoemaker born in Rappahannock County, Virginia, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Annie Virginia Lock on October 8, 1867, at the bride's residence.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E599" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-atkins" ], "establishes": "That William B. Atkins, a shoemaker living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Annie Virginia Lock in 1867.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about William B. Atkins beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C494", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Welby H. Baldwin, 23, single, a farmer born in Loudoun County, Virginia, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married L. V. Gordon on March 6, 1884, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E600" ], "entity_ids": [ "welby-h-baldwin" ], "establishes": "That Welby H. Baldwin, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married L. V. Gordon in 1884.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Welby H. Baldwin beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C495", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that John Banks, 22, single, a farm hand born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Maria Marston on February 3, 1881, at Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E601" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-banks" ], "establishes": "That John Banks, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Maria Marston in 1881.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. The entry marks both him and his wife \"(col)\", Duncan's abbreviation, which her key defines as \"colored\". Nothing about John Banks beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C496", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that William Banks, 22, single, a farm hand born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Betsey Hubbard on August 28, 1884, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E602" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-banks" ], "establishes": "That William Banks, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Betsey Hubbard in 1884.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. The entry marks both him and his wife \"(col)\", Duncan's abbreviation, which her key defines as \"colored\". Nothing about William Banks beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C497", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that James Barber, 21, single, a farm hand born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Barbara A. Edmonds on December 26, 1877, at White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E603" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-barber" ], "establishes": "That James Barber, a farm hand living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Barbara A. Edmonds in 1877.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about James Barber beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C498", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Julius Karr Bartlett, 36, single, a farmer born in Missouri and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Bettie L. Berlin on December 12, 1877, at Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E604" ], "entity_ids": [ "julius-karr-bartlett" ], "establishes": "That Julius Karr Bartlett, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Bettie L. Berlin in 1877.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Julius Karr Bartlett beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C499", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Cyrus D. Baughman, 24, single, a miller born in Pennsylvania and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Mary E. Young on February 13, 1878, at Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E605" ], "entity_ids": [ "cyrus-d-baughman" ], "establishes": "That Cyrus D. Baughman, a miller living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Mary E. Young in 1878.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Cyrus D. Baughman beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C500", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Milton A. Baughman, 27, single, a miller born in York County, Pennsylvania, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Mary S. Duble on August 28, 1884, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E606" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-a-baughman" ], "establishes": "That Milton A. Baughman, a miller living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Mary S. Duble in 1884.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Milton A. Baughman beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C501", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Silas F. Baughman, 38, widowed, a merchant born in York County, Pennsylvania, and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Laura V. Parshall on February 25, 1886, at the bride's residence.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E607" ], "entity_ids": [ "silas-f-baughman" ], "establishes": "That Silas F. Baughman, a merchant living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Laura V. Parshall in 1886.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Silas F. Baughman beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C502", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that William Baxter, 35, single, a farmer born in Maryland and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Sarah E. Alexander on August 19, 1879, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E608" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-baxter" ], "establishes": "That William Baxter, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Sarah E. Alexander in 1879.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about William Baxter beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C503", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Thomas Bayles, 23, single, a farmer born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Elizabeth Littleton on February 24, 1881, in Loudoun County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E609" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-bayles" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Bayles, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Elizabeth Littleton in 1881.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Thomas Bayles beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C504", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that James W. Bennett, 22, single, a farmer born and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Ella E. Pope on April 27, 1882, in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E610" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-w-bennett" ], "establishes": "That James W. Bennett, a farmer living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Ella E. Pope in 1882.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about James W. Bennett beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C505", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Walter T. Bennett, 27, single, a clerk born in the city of New York and living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Hannah Elizabeth Osburn on July 3, 1866, at the residence of the bride's mother in Clarke County, Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the marriage register", "evidence_ids": [ "E611" ], "entity_ids": [ "walter-t-bennett" ], "establishes": "That Walter T. Bennett, a clerk living in Clarke County, Virginia, married Hannah Elizabeth Osburn in 1866.", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of Duncan's printed abstract, not from the page image or from the register kept by the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County. Duncan's abbreviations are expanded using her key. Nothing about Walter T. Bennett beyond this entry is recorded here, and his parents and his wife get no records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C506", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 22, 1923 prints a notice on dog license tags signed \"B. F, Lippitt, Game Warden,\" and its issue of January 17, 1924, reporting the death at Luray of Brig. Gen. Robert F. Leedy, names 1st Sgt. B. F. Lippitt among the guardsmen from Berryville who went to attend the services and acted as a military guard of honor.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E612", "E613" ], "entity_ids": [ "b-f-lippitt" ], "establishes": "That B. F. Lippitt, a game warden in 1923 and a first sergeant among the Berryville guardsmen in 1924, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the game warden of 1923 and the guardsman of 1924 as one man rests on the matching name. The 1923 notice does not say where he served as game warden, and the other guardsmen named are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C507", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923 lists Miss Cassie Pidgeon under Berryville High School among the teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, and its issue of September 4, 1924, reporting on the opening of the town schools, lists her as teacher of the second grade.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E614", "E615" ], "entity_ids": [ "cassie-pidgeon" ], "establishes": "That Cassie Pidgeon, a teacher in the Berryville school, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The 1923 list calls itself partially complete and gives no grades. Reading the teacher of both lists as one woman rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C508", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923 lists Miss Edith Estep, printed \"M'o Edith Estep,\" under Berryville High School among the teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, and its issue of April 3, 1924 names Miss Edith Estep, teacher of English at Berryville High School, as accompanying Miss Frances Payne to the district oratorical contest at Harrisonburg.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E616", "E617" ], "entity_ids": [ "edith-estep" ], "establishes": "That Edith Estep, teacher of English at Berryville High School, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The 1923 list gives no subject. Reading the two items as one woman rests on the matching name. She is not linked to S. D. Estep, whom neither item names.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C509", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923 names Mr. H. C. Barthel president of the community league newly organized at the Gaylord School, and its issue of March 27, 1924 reports that at the Gaylord Community League's last meeting, in February, Mr. H. C. Barthel, the president, explained the purpose of the league.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E618", "E619" ], "entity_ids": [ "h-c-barthel" ], "establishes": "That H. C. Barthel, president of the Gaylord School's community league, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Neither item says where he lived. Reading the two items as one man rests on the matching name and office. The league's other officers are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C510", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 25, 1923 prints the annual report of J. Ed. Ogden, printed \"J. EM. Ogden,\" Corporation Treasurer of Berryville, for September 1, 1921 to September 1, 1922, as submitted to the Town Council, and its issue of November 13, 1924 prints a notice that water taxes are due December 1, signed J. Ed. Ogden, Treasurer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E620", "E621" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ed-ogden" ], "establishes": "That J. Ed. Ogden, treasurer of the Corporation of Berryville in 1923, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The 1924 notice names neither the water system nor the town, so reading its treasurer as the corporation treasurer of 1923 rests on the matching name. The figures in the report are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C511", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 25, 1923 reports that Commonwealth's Attorney Joseph F. Moore was kept at home for three days by the flu, and its issue of May 1, 1924 reports that a new private secretary had accepted the place with Commonwealth Attorney Joseph F. Moore.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E622", "E623" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-f-moore" ], "establishes": "That Joseph F. Moore, Commonwealth's Attorney, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Neither quoted passage names the county he served. Reading the two items as one man rests on the matching name and office. The private secretary is not named here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C512", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923 lists Miss Lille Garver under Boyce High School among the teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, and its issue of September 11, 1924 lists Miss Lillie Garver on the faculty of Boyce High School for the fifth and sixth grades.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E624", "E625" ], "entity_ids": [ "lillie-garver" ], "establishes": "That Lillie Garver, a teacher at Boyce High School, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The 1923 list prints her first name \"Lille\" and calls itself partially complete. Reading the two lists as one woman rests on the matching name. Neither item says where she lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C513", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 3, 1923, reporting that Boyce students won the literary contests against the Berryville pupils, names Miss Lola Funkhouser and Clay Carr of Boyce as the debaters who took the affirmative on the open shop in American industry, and its issue of May 29, 1924 lists Miss Lola Funkhouser as secretary of the senior class of Boyce Agricultural High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E626", "E627" ], "entity_ids": [ "lola-funkhouser" ], "establishes": "That Lola Funkhouser of Boyce, a debater for Boyce High School and secretary of its senior class, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The 1923 item prints a stray mark inside her name. Reading the two items as one student rests on the matching name. The other debaters and class officers are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C514", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 8, 1923, reporting that women voters of Clarke County organized the Berryville Branch of the Virginia League of Woman Voters, names Mrs. Frank B. Whiting chairman of its standing committee on women in industry, and its issue of February 14, 1924 reports that Mrs. Frank B. Whiting slipped and fell, breaking her leg in two places, and was taken to the hospital at Winchester.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E628", "E629" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-frank-b-whiting" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Frank B. Whiting, chairman of the committee on women in industry of the Berryville Branch of the Virginia League of Woman Voters in 1923, appeared in the Clarke Courier in 1923 and 1924.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier names her only by her husband's name, and neither item names him, so this record is not linked to the corpus's Frank B. Whiting. Reading the two items as one woman rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C515", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 11, 1923 prints a notice of a public sale at auction on that day, signed \"Coleman Dunn, Auctioneer,\" and its issue of March 15, 1923 prints a notice of a cleanup sale naming Coleman Dunn as auctioneer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E630", "E631" ], "entity_ids": [ "coleman-dunn" ], "establishes": "That Coleman Dunn was the auctioneer of public sales advertised in the Clarke Courier in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The January notice prints the year \"1023\". The sellers, the places of sale and the property offered are not recorded here. Reading the two notices as one man rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C516", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 18, 1923, reporting the annual election of officers of the Clarke County Farmers' Union, names Clifton Price, of the Berryville Local, among the union's vice-presidents, who are the presidents of their locals, and its issue of October 11, 1923 lists Clifton Price as the Democratic candidate for the Board of Supervisors of Clarke County from Battletown District, unopposed in the November 6 election.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E632", "E633" ], "entity_ids": [ "clifton-price" ], "establishes": "That Clifton Price, president of the Farmers' Union's Berryville Local, was a vice-president of the Clarke County Farmers' Union and the unopposed Democratic candidate for supervisor from Battletown District in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the union officer of January and the candidate of October as one man rests on the matching name. The quoted notice gives no result for the election.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C517", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 1, 1923 reports that \"The Prisoner of Zenda,\" a picture of ten reels, was shown in the \"New Theatre\" without a stop by use of two machines that the owner, John H. Huyett, had installed there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E634" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-h-huyett" ], "establishes": "That John H. Huyett owned the \"New Theatre\" in February 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The quoted item does not name the theater's town. He is not linked to the Mrs. John Huyett named in other Courier items.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C518", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923 prints a notice from the Circuit Court of Clarke County in which Lucy A. Allen, Deputy Clerk of the court, certifies that the bond required of the special commissioners by the decree in the cause has been given.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E635" ], "entity_ids": [ "lucy-a-allen" ], "establishes": "That Lucy A. Allen was deputy clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County in April 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The parties to the suit and the property to be sold are not recorded here. The certificate's own date is misprinted and is not relied on.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C519", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 10, 1923 reports that the Woman's Club of Clarke County, at its annual meeting on April 26, elected Miss Kate Powers president, and its issue of August 16, 1923, printing the club's program for 1923-24, lists Miss Kate A Powers as president.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E636", "E637" ], "entity_ids": [ "kate-powers" ], "establishes": "That Kate Powers was president of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The August program prints her name \"Kate A Powers\". Reading the two items as one woman rests on the matching name and office.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C520", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 10, 1923 reports that the Woman's Club of Clarke County elected Miss Emma Jones vice president, and its issue of December 6, 1923, under the headline \"Berryville Woman,\" reports that Miss Emma Jones had accepted a position with the First Presbyterian church at Durham, announced by its pastor, Dr. D. H. Scanlon.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E638", "E639" ], "entity_ids": [ "emma-jones" ], "establishes": "That Emma Jones, a Berryville woman, was vice president of the Woman's Club of Clarke County in 1923 and took a church position at Durham that December.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the club officer of May and the Berryville woman of December as one woman rests on the matching name. The quoted item does not say which Durham.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C521", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports that the Democratic Executive Committee declared Frank McCormick, the present incumbent, the unopposed nominee for the Board of Supervisors from Battletown District, and its issue of September 13, 1923 prints the resolutions of the Board of Supervisors of Clarke County, adopted September 10, 1923, on the death of Mr. Frank McCormick, late a member of the board.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E640", "E641" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-mccormick" ], "establishes": "That Frank McCormick was the Battletown District member of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors in 1923 and died before September 10, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the nominee of June and the late board member of September as one man rests on the matching name and office. The quoted text does not give the date of his death.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C522", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports that at its meeting of June 23, 1923 the Democratic Executive Committee elected Henry Rutherford, from Longmarsh District, to fill the vacancy of the late John Rutherford.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E642" ], "entity_ids": [ "henry-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Henry Rutherford was elected to the Democratic Executive Committee from Longmarsh District in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the meeting's day as \"2?>rd\". The item does not say how Henry Rutherford and the late John Rutherford were related, and no relationship is recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C523", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 9, 1923 describes Mr. William H. Mesmer as chairman of the Clarke County Electoral Board and a well known retired farmer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E643" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-h-mesmer" ], "establishes": "That William H. Mesmer was chairman of the Clarke County Electoral Board in August 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR breaks his given name as \"Will-1 |iain\". The item is about his son, who is not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C524", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923 reports that Mrs. Jessie T. Scott had been secured as the county worker, to begin her duties on August 15 with infant welfare work until the public schools opened, and its issue of December 6, 1923, on the sale of Red Cross seals to fight tuberculosis, prints a statement from Dr. Jessie T. Scott, county nurse.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E644", "E645" ], "entity_ids": [ "jessie-t-scott" ], "establishes": "That Jessie T. Scott was the county worker and county nurse of Clarke County from August 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The August item calls her Mrs. and the December item Dr. Reading the two as one woman rests on the matching name and the county health work.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C525", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, printing the program of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24, lists Miss Alice C. Ferguson on the program committee.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E646" ], "entity_ids": [ "alice-c-ferguson" ], "establishes": "That Alice C. Ferguson served on the program committee of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints her title \"Mias\". The item does not say where she lived, and she is not linked to Annie T. Ferguson.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C526", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, printing the program of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24, lists Miss Annie T. Ferguson on the social committee.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E647" ], "entity_ids": [ "annie-t-ferguson" ], "establishes": "That Annie T. Ferguson served on the social committee of the Woman's Club of Clarke County for 1923-24.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived, and she is not linked to Alice C. Ferguson.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C527", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 11, 1923 reports that the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters, meeting in the American Legion rooms, elected Miss Ollie Thomas vice-president for the coming year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E648" ], "entity_ids": [ "ollie-thomas" ], "establishes": "That Ollie Thomas was elected vice-president of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived. The circle's other officers are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C528", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 11, 1923 reports that the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters, meeting in the American Legion rooms, elected Miss Mamie White treasurer for the coming year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E649" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-white" ], "establishes": "That Mamie White was elected treasurer of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived. The circle's other officers are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C529", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 11, 1923 reports that the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters elected Miss Agnes Tapscott one of its delegates to the state convention to be held in Staunton from October 23 to 26.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E650" ], "entity_ids": [ "agnes-tapscott" ], "establishes": "That Agnes Tapscott was elected a delegate of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters to the 1923 state convention.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Whether she attended the convention is not reported here, and the item does not say where she lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C530", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923, reporting that Treadwell Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, had been duly instituted, lists Miss Nettie Owens as the chapter's chaplain.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E651" ], "entity_ids": [ "nettie-owens" ], "establishes": "That Nettie Owens was chaplain of Treadwell Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, when it was instituted in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"chaplin\". The item does not say where she lived. The chapter is not linked to any organization in the corpus.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C531", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, American Legion, named Mr. Ernest Locke treasurer for the year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E652" ], "entity_ids": [ "ernest-locke" ], "establishes": "That Ernest Locke was named treasurer of Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, American Legion, in December 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where he lived. The post's other officers are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C532", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that the Community League of the Old Chapel School, organized on the evening of November 28, elected Miss Mamie Spates vice president.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E653" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-spates" ], "establishes": "That Mamie Spates was vice president of the Old Chapel School Community League when it was organized in November 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"vice pefsident\". The item does not say where she lived, and she is not linked to anyone else named Spates.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C533", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that Battletown Lodge No. 98, I. O. O. F., meeting in Masonic Hall on its regular election night, elected John W. Riely treasurer for the ensuing term.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E654" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-riely" ], "establishes": "That John W. Riely was elected treasurer of Battletown Lodge No. 98, I. O. O. F., in December 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the lodge number \"9S\". The lodge is not linked to any organization or hall in the corpus.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C534", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Bessie Thornton under Riverside.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E655" ], "entity_ids": [ "bessie-thornton" ], "establishes": "That Bessie Thornton was among the teachers listed for the Riverside school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C535", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Clara Rush under Riverside.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E656" ], "entity_ids": [ "clara-rush" ], "establishes": "That Clara Rush was among the teachers listed for the Riverside school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. Attendance reports earlier in 1923 print a \"Miss C. Rush\" and a \"Miss Rush\"; they are not cited, and she is not joined to them here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C536", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Josephine Stipe under Oak Grove.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E657" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-stipe" ], "establishes": "That Josephine Stipe was among the teachers listed for the Oak Grove school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. The spring attendance reports name a \"Miss Stipe\" at Providence Chapel; that she is that teacher is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C537", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Elsie Kelley under Pine Grove.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E658" ], "entity_ids": [ "elsie-kelley" ], "establishes": "That Elsie Kelley was among the teachers listed for the Pine Grove school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. The attendance reports print a \"Miss Kelly\" at Pine Grove; they are not cited here. She is not linked to Elva Kelley.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C538", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Elva Kelley under Providence Chapel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E659" ], "entity_ids": [ "elva-kelley" ], "establishes": "That Elva Kelley was among the teachers listed for the Providence Chapel school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. The list names Miss Hazel Martin at the same school. She is not linked to Elsie Kelley.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C539", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Miss Mary Wharton under Mt. Carmel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E660" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-wharton" ], "establishes": "That Mary Wharton was among the teachers listed for the Mt. Carmel school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C540", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Mr. Emmett Day under Shenandoah.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E661" ], "entity_ids": [ "emmett-day" ], "establishes": "That Emmett Day was among the teachers listed for the Shenandoah school in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. Other 1923 items print his name \"Bmmett Dap\", \"E. Day\" and \"Emmert Day\"; they are not cited here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C541", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 19, 1923, in a list of teacher appointments already made for the county's schools, lists Lawrence Phillipps first under \"Millwood Col.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E662" ], "entity_ids": [ "lawrence-phillipps" ], "establishes": "That Lawrence Phillipps was listed first among the teachers for the school the list prints as \"Millwood Col.\" in the Courier's appointments of July 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list calls itself partially complete, and it records appointments announced in July, not who taught during the session. It gives no location, grades or enrollment for the school; none is inferred. The list does not expand \"Col.\" The school is not linked to any Millwood school in the corpus (never-merge rule 5), and the other teachers listed under it are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C542", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, reporting the attendance of Clarke schools for February, names Miss Carolyn Kackley as teacher of Hawthorne, at 84 per cent, and its issue of July 19, 1923 lists Miss Carolyn Kackley under Hawthorne among the teacher appointments already made for the county's schools.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E663", "E664" ], "entity_ids": [ "carolyn-kackley" ], "establishes": "That Carolyn Kackley taught the Hawthorne school in February 1923 and was listed among its appointments that July.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the two items as one teacher rests on the matching name and school. The July list records appointments, not who taught during the next session. She is not linked to the other Kackleys the lists name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C543", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 15, 1923, giving the attendance of the county schools by school and teacher, names Mrs. Miller and Miss Mattie Marlowe as the teachers of Riverside, with an attendance of 83.5.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E665" ], "entity_ids": [ "mattie-marlowe" ], "establishes": "That Mattie Marlowe taught at the Riverside school, with Mrs. Miller, early in 1923.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints \"Riverside--Mrs. Miller and Miss Mattie Marlowe, 83.5; 8.\"; an earlier OCR text had read 88.6 and her title as \"Mias.\" The report's heading is garbled; its closing sentence awards a library for January attendance, which suggests the figures are January's. Mrs. Miller is not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C544", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, reporting the attendance of Clarke schools for February, names Miss Helen Jobe as teacher of Marvin, at 74.5 per cent.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E666" ], "entity_ids": [ "helen-jobe" ], "establishes": "That Helen Jobe taught the Marvin school in February 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Other 1923 items print only \"Miss H. Jobe\" or \"Miss Jobe\"; they are not cited here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C545", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, reporting the attendance of Clarke schools for February, names Miss Della McAboy, printed \"McAb0y,\" as teacher of Pierce, at 73.9 per cent.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E667" ], "entity_ids": [ "della-mcaboy" ], "establishes": "That Della McAboy taught the Pierce school in February 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints a zero for the o in her surname, and an earlier report prints it \"McAbor\"; that report is not cited here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C546", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 29, 1923, in an item from Briggs dated March 26, reports that Principal Bruce Golightly, of the Old Chapel School, wanted his pupils to know something of the lives and work of the great Clarke County men buried in the historic graveyard.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E668" ], "entity_ids": [ "bruce-golightly" ], "establishes": "That Bruce Golightly was principal of the Old Chapel School in March 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR misprints his surname twice, as \"Golighlly\" and \"Golightiy\"; \"Golightly\" is the reading both support. Attendance reports print an \"R. B. Gojlghtly\" at Old Chapel; they are not cited, and \"R. B.\" is not joined to \"Bruce\" here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C547", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 21, 1923, reporting on the progress of the Berryville schools, says the present staff of teachers will be kept, with the exception of Miss Ella Gray, who does not intend to teach the next year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E669" ], "entity_ids": [ "ella-gray" ], "establishes": "That Ella Gray was a teacher in the Berryville school in the 1922-23 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives neither her grade nor her subject, and it does not say why she was leaving. Whether she taught again is not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C548", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 8, 1923, reporting that post office robbers at Berryville were foiled by Deputy Sheriff C. M. Feltner, says Mr. Feltner called Miss Bertie Lesser, the telephone operator, who aroused other citizens, and that she was given a medal by the C. & P. Telephone Company.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E670" ], "entity_ids": [ "bertie-lesser" ], "establishes": "That Bertie Lesser, the telephone operator at Berryville, helped rouse the citizens during an attempted post office robbery reported in March 1923, and was given a medal by the C. & P. Telephone Company.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the robbery only as \"last Wednesday night\" and does not say when the medal was given. The deputy sheriff, the other citizens and the people involved in the robbery are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C549", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 11, 1923, printing the notice of Democratic candidates unopposed in the November 6 election, lists Ernest L. Alger as the candidate for overseer of the poor of Clarke County for Chapel District.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E671" ], "entity_ids": [ "ernest-l-alger" ], "establishes": "That Ernest L. Alger was the unopposed Democratic candidate for overseer of the poor for Chapel District in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The notice gives no result for the election and does not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C550", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 prints a notice from Holmes E. McAboy of Wadesville announcing himself a candidate for overseer of the poor in Long Marsh District in the Democratic primary of August 7, and its issue of August 16, 1923 prints his card of thanks to the voters of Long Marsh for his election as overseer of the poor in that primary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E672", "E673" ], "entity_ids": [ "holmes-e-mcaboy" ], "establishes": "That Holmes E. McAboy of Wadesville won the Democratic primary for overseer of the poor in Long Marsh District in August 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Both items are his own notices, and the June notice prints his name \"McAbov\". Reading the two as one man rests on the matching name and office. He is not linked to Della McAboy.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C551", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports that the Democratic Executive Committee declared its nominees for the primary of August 7, listing John F. Stinson for justice of the peace in Chapel District, and its issue of October 11, 1923 lists J. F. Stinson among the unopposed Democratic candidates for justice of the peace of Clarke County in Chapel District.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E674", "E675" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-f-stinson" ], "establishes": "That John F. Stinson was the Democratic nominee and an unopposed candidate for justice of the peace in Chapel District in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The October notice prints only \"J. F. Stinson\"; reading it as John F. Stinson rests on the matching initials, surname, office and district. The notice gives no result for the election.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C552", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 5, 1923 reports that Miss Mary Elisabeth Pidgeon, of Wadesville, who is connected with the extension department of the University of Virginia, will be one of the principal speakers at the summer session of the Harrisonburg Normal School, and that she took an active part in creating sentiment for ratification of the amendment to the Federal Constitution giving women the right to vote.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E676" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-elisabeth-pidgeon" ], "establishes": "That Mary Elisabeth Pidgeon of Wadesville lectured for the extension department of the University of Virginia in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item's praise of her as a lecturer is the paper's own. It does not date her work for ratification. Her father, Lewis Pidgeon, is not recorded here, and she is not linked to Cassie Pidgeon.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C553", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923 prints a list, compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, of Clarke soldiers awarded honors in the World War, naming William Graham Reynolds of Berryville, captain in the 23rd Infantry, as awarded the Distinguished Service Cross at St. Etienne on October 4, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E677", "E553-1", "E553-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-graham-reynolds" ], "establishes": "That William Graham Reynolds of Berryville, a captain in the 23rd Infantry, was listed in the Virginia War History as awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for action at St. Etienne on October 4, 1918.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier reprints a list compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History; the citation was not checked against military records. The OCR prints the year \"19IS\".", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C554", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, printing a list of Clarke soldiers awarded medals in the World War from the first volume of the Virginia War History, notes that the volume does not give the name of James Lindsey, son of Postmaster E. A. Lindsey of Boyce, who received a war medal for valor at the front in France, and that he had objected to the Courier's publishing the award at the time.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E678", "E554-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-lindsey" ], "establishes": "That James Lindsey of Boyce received a war medal for valor at the front in France, as the Clarke Courier reported in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not name the medal, and the Virginia War History volume it describes leaves him out. His father, E. A. Lindsey, is not recorded here, and he is not linked to any other Lindsey.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C555", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 19, 1922 reports that the Wadesville Farmers' Union, the sixth local of the Farmers' Union in Clarke County, was organized and elected A. S. Robinson its vice president.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E679" ], "entity_ids": [ "a-s-robinson" ], "establishes": "That A. S. Robinson was elected vice president of the Wadesville local of the Farmers' Union in January 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives only his initials and does not say where he lived or farmed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C556", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 4, 1921 prints a list of the members of the five local Farmers' Unions in Clarke County, counting members paid up to January 1, 1921, and lists Baker Chamblin as vice president of the White Post local.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E680", "E681" ], "entity_ids": [ "baker-chamblin" ], "establishes": "That Baker Chamblin was listed as vice president of the White Post local of the Farmers' Union in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list does not say when the officers were elected. He is not linked to W. T. Chamblin of the Berryville local.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C557", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 19, 1922 reports that the Wadesville Farmers' Union, the sixth local of the Farmers' Union in Clarke County, was organized and elected C. E. Murphy its secretary-treasurer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E682" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-e-murphy" ], "establishes": "That C. E. Murphy was elected secretary-treasurer of the Wadesville local of the Farmers' Union in January 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives only his initials and does not say where he lived. He is not linked to any other Murphy.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C558", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921 reports that the Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union decided to collect delinquent dues and asked farmers who had not paid to send them to Treasurer W. T. Chamblin, Berryville, and its issue of August 18, 1921 lists W. T. Chamblin as secretary-treasurer of the Berryville Local.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E683", "E684" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-t-chamblin" ], "establishes": "That W. T. Chamblin of Berryville was treasurer, listed as secretary-treasurer, of the Berryville local of the Farmers' Union in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The June item breaks the surname across a line (\"Chamb. lin\"). He is not linked to Baker Chamblin of White Post.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C559", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 17, 1921 names S. S. Thomas among the directors of the new Berryville Basket Co., and its issue of August 18, 1921 lists him among the members of the Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union. Its issue of January 26, 1922, reporting the county Farmers' Union meeting, names S. S. Thomas of the Berryville Local to the executive committee, and its issue of April 13, 1922 names him among the twelve farmers of the Advisory Council to County Agricultural Agent Robert B. Crawford.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E685", "E686", "E687", "E688", "E689" ], "entity_ids": [ "s-s-thomas" ], "establishes": "That an S. S. Thomas was a director of the Berryville Basket Co. in 1921, and that S. S. Thomas of the Berryville Local served on the county Farmers' Union executive committee and the county agent's Advisory Council in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The four items give only his initials. Reading them as one man rests on the matching name; the basket company item does not connect him to farming or to the Farmers' Union.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C560", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 13, 1922 reports that twelve farmers were named to act as an Advisory Council for County Agricultural Agent Robert B. Crawford, and lists Jos. Shenk among them.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E690" ], "entity_ids": [ "jos-shenk" ], "establishes": "That Jos. Shenk was named to the Advisory Council for the Clarke County agricultural agent in April 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item prints his first name abbreviated and does not say where he farmed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C561", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 24, 1923 reports that Mrs. Frank Walter, daughter of the late Thomas D. Gold, was visiting \"Ellwood,\" the home of her sister Miss Mary Washington Gold, and its issue of June 21, 1923 reports that Miss Mary Washington Gold had a few acres of V. P. I. 131 wheat that passed the inspection of the Virginia Crop Improvement Association and would be eligible for certification, probably the first certified wheat produced in Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E691", "E692" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-washington-gold" ], "establishes": "That Mary Washington Gold of \"Ellwood\" grew V. P. I. 131 wheat that passed the Virginia Crop Improvement Association's inspection in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. \"Probably the first\" is the paper's own judgment. The June item does not name Ellwood; reading the two items as one woman rests on the full name. Her sister and father are not recorded here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C562", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921, reporting the election judges and clerks the Clarke County Electoral Board named for the ensuing year, lists Baker Tapscott as a judge for the Mt. Airy precinct and also its commissioner.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E693", "E694" ], "entity_ids": [ "baker-tapscott" ], "establishes": "That Baker Tapscott was named a judge and the commissioner of election for the Mt. Airy precinct in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list does not say where he lived. He is not linked to any other Tapscott.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C563", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 10, 1921, reporting testimony taken in Clarke County in the Harrison-Paul election contest, says that Earnest Dearmont, of White Post, stated he voted for Paul. Its issue of March 31, 1921, reporting the appointments of the Clarke County Electoral Board, lists Earnest Dearmont as registrar for the Lindseys precinct.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E695", "E696", "E697" ], "entity_ids": [ "earnest-dearmont" ], "establishes": "That Earnest Dearmont of White Post testified in the Harrison-Paul election contest in 1921 and was registrar for the Lindseys precinct that year.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The February item reports his statement in the paper's words, and does not say in what capacity he testified. Reading the two items as one man rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C564", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921 reports that the Clarke County Electoral Board appointed George E. Morgan registrar for the court house precinct in place of N. F. Smith, resigned, and lists Geo. E. Morgan as registrar for the Court House precinct and the Corporation of Berryville. Its issue of September 8, 1921 reports that George E. Morgan, returning with Police Chief Dan Hickerson, killed a rattlesnake in the road on the Blue Ridge.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E698", "E699", "E700" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-e-morgan" ], "establishes": "That George E. Morgan was appointed registrar for the Court House precinct and the Corporation of Berryville in March 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the September item as the same man rests on the matching name. He is not linked to any other Morgan.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C565", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921, reporting the appointments of the Clarke County Electoral Board, lists Jos. W. Lloyd as registrar for Morgan's Mill.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E701", "E702" ], "entity_ids": [ "jos-w-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Jos. W. Lloyd was registrar for the Morgan's Mill precinct in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list prints the precinct \"Motgan's Mill\" and does not say where he lived. He is not linked to any other Lloyd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C566", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 10, 1921, reporting testimony taken in Clarke County in the Harrison-Paul election contest, says that in Russells precinct Page Rutherford, the registrar, made the women applicants write out their names, place of birth, age, occupation and residence, but did not require them to apply formally for registration. Its issue of March 31, 1921 lists Page Rutherford as registrar for Russells.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E703", "E704", "E705" ], "entity_ids": [ "page-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Page Rutherford was registrar for the Russells precinct in 1921, and how, by the Courier's report of the contest testimony, he registered women applicants.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The February item summarizes testimony in the paper's words. He is not linked to any other Rutherford.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C567", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921, reporting the appointments of the Clarke County Electoral Board, lists R. H. Ritter as registrar for Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E706", "E707" ], "entity_ids": [ "r-h-ritter" ], "establishes": "That R. H. Ritter was registrar for the Millwood precinct in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list gives only his initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C568", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1921 prints the financial statement of Clarke County for the year ending September 1, 1921, which lists L K. Briggs, Assessor of Lands, with an expenditure printed as 315.00.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E708" ], "entity_ids": [ "l-k-briggs" ], "establishes": "That L. K. Briggs was assessor of lands for Clarke County in the year ending September 1, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR drops the period after the first initial and the dollar sign, and the figure was not checked against the page image. The statement does not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C569", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922 prints a notice of the public sale of an Overland automobile in front of the Court House at Berryville on February 4, signed J. M. Litton, Deputy Sheriff of Clarke County, for W. W. Smallwood, Sheriff.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E709" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-m-litton" ], "establishes": "That J. M. Litton was a deputy sheriff of Clarke County in February 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The notice does not say whose automobile was sold or why.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C570", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 19, 1921 suggests that Street Superintendent Dan Hickerson have the weeds cut along the Church Street pavement, and its issue of September 8, 1921 names Police Chief Dan Hickerson as returning from the Blue Ridge with George E. Morgan. Its issue of March 16, 1922 reports Chief of Police Dan Hickerson and two of his children ill with influenza, and its issue of September 7, 1922 reports that the reorganized Berryville Town Council re-elected all its old officers, among them Dan Hickerson as town sergeant and superintendent of the water works.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E710", "E711", "E712", "E713" ], "entity_ids": [ "dan-hickerson" ], "establishes": "That Dan Hickerson was Berryville's street superintendent and police chief in 1921 and 1922, and was re-elected town sergeant and superintendent of the water works in September 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The September 1922 item prints the name \"Dan Mickersou.\" Reading the four items as one man rests on the matching name and office.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C571", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921 lists George C. Thomas as a judge of election for the Court House precinct and also its commissioner. Its issue of January 12, 1922 reports that George C. Thomas, former mayor of Berryville and superintendent of the Green Hill Cemetery Co., celebrated his 81st birthday, and that he was at his office every day directing the work at the cemetery. Its issue of May 18, 1922 reports him, as former mayor of Berryville, ill at his home and much better.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E714", "E715", "E716" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-c-thomas" ], "establishes": "That George C. Thomas, a former mayor of Berryville, was superintendent of the Green Hill Cemetery Co. and turned 81 in January 1922, and that a George C. Thomas was judge and commissioner of election for the Court House precinct in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. None of the items says when he was mayor. Reading the 1921 election list as the same man rests on the matching name. The age is as the January item reports it. He is not linked to S. S. Thomas or any other Thomas.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C572", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 12, 1922 prints figures compiled by J. F. McDonald, superintendent of the Berryville and Charles Town and Berryville and Summit Point turnpike roads in Battletown District, covering the thirteen years and nine months of his incumbency: $37,272.37 collected in tolls, from which, the item says, salaries and upkeep were paid and four concrete bridges and thirteen iron pipe culverts were built.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E717" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-f-mcdonald" ], "establishes": "That J. F. McDonald had been superintendent of two Battletown District turnpikes for thirteen years and nine months by January 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The figures are his own, as the item says. It does not give the dates of his incumbency.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C573", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 7, 1923 reports that the state road between Old Chapel and Boyce would soon be completed, and that John Yowell of Boyce was superintending its construction.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E718" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-yowell" ], "establishes": "That John Yowell of Boyce superintended construction of the state road between Old Chapel and Boyce in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say who employed him.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C574", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 5, 1921 reports that Miss Mae Traister, assistant postmaster of Berryville, was taken ill with appendicitis, and its issue of June 9, 1921 reports that she had returned to her duties after an operation for appendicitis.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E719", "E720" ], "entity_ids": [ "mae-traister" ], "establishes": "That Mae Traister was assistant postmaster of Berryville in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The items say nothing of when she took the post.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C575", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 27, 1921 reports that the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, met at the residence of Mrs. Sarah Elder and elected her commander. Its issue of June 2, 1921, reporting the unveiling of a tablet to Robert Edgar Russell presented by the Woman's Auxiliary, says the Auxiliary was led by Mrs. Sara Elder, its president, and its issue of January 12, 1922 names Mrs. Sara Elder to the Auxiliary's executive board for 1922.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E721", "E722", "E723" ], "entity_ids": [ "sarah-elder" ], "establishes": "That Sarah Elder headed the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, in 1921, and sat on its executive board in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The June 1921 and January 1922 items print \"Sara.\" Reading the three items as one woman rests on the matching name and organization.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C576", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 27, 1921 reports that the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, elected Mrs. J. M. H. Clagett vice commander, and its issue of January 12, 1922 names Mrs. J. M. G. Clagett to the Auxiliary's executive board for 1922.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E724", "E725" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-j-m-h-clagett" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. J. M. H. Clagett was vice commander of the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The items give only her husband's initials, and the 1922 item prints them \"J. M. G.\"; reading it as the same woman rests on the surname and the organization.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C577", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 27, 1921 reports that the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, met at the residence of Mrs. Sarah Elder and elected Miss Elizabeth Moore its secretary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E726" ], "entity_ids": [ "elizabeth-moore" ], "establishes": "That Elizabeth Moore was elected secretary of the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived. She is not linked to any other Moore.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C578", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 12, 1922 reports the officers elected by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, for 1922, naming Miss Fannie Fenton treasurer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E727" ], "entity_ids": [ "fannie-fenton" ], "establishes": "That Fannie Fenton was elected treasurer of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post for 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived. She is not linked to any other Fenton.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C579", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 16, 1921, reporting the annual convention of The King's Daughters of Clarke County at Minnie Wood Chapel, says the annual reports of the president, of the secretary, Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter, and of the treasurer were submitted and approved, and lists Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter as secretary among the officers elected for the ensuing year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E728", "E729" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-raleigh-c-carter" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter was secretary of The King's Daughters of Clarke County in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives her only by her husband's name and does not say where she lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C580", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 reports that the Woman's Club of Clarke County, meeting at the Parish House on April 13 with nineteen members present, elected Mrs. W. M. S. Hammond president for the coming year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E730" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-w-m-s-hammond" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. W. M. S. Hammond was elected president of the Woman's Club of Clarke County in April 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item breaks the surname across a line (\"Ham mond\") and gives her only by her husband's initials. It does not say where she lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C581", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 16, 1922 reports that at the regular monthly meeting of the Clarke County Community League, held at Boyce on February 13, Miss Bettie Bradford presided in the absence of the chairman and vice chairman.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E731" ], "entity_ids": [ "bettie-bradford" ], "establishes": "That Bettie Bradford presided over the Clarke County Community League's meeting of February 13, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item breaks the surname across a line (\"Brad ford\"), does not give her office in the League and does not say where she lived. She is not linked to any other Bradford.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C582", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 16, 1921 reports that the Clarke County Community League, meeting at the Boyce Community Building, re-elected Rev. B. D. Chambers chairman and elected Mr. Holly Pifer secretary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E732" ], "entity_ids": [ "holly-pifer" ], "establishes": "That Holly Pifer was elected secretary of the Clarke County Community League in June 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR splits the surname (\"Pi fer\"). The item does not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C583", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, reporting the August meeting of the Clarke County Community League at the Parish Hall in Boyce, lists Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Butler as chairman of the recreation committee among the officers and committee chairmen elected for the ensuing year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E733" ], "entity_ids": [ "e-g-butler" ], "establishes": "That E. G. Butler and his wife chaired the Clarke County Community League's recreation committee from August 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives only his initials, does not name his wife and does not say where they lived. She has no separate record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C584", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 28, 1922 reports that at the first meeting for stock subscriptions of the new Building and Loan Association for Clarke County, Hon. A. Moore, Jr., retired president of the Bank of Clarke County, presided and was one of the first to sign for stock, and that he had been urging for years the organization of a building and loan association to encourage home-building in the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E734" ], "entity_ids": [ "a-moore-jr" ], "establishes": "That A. Moore, Jr., retired president of the Bank of Clarke County, presided at the first stockholders' meeting of the new Building and Loan Association in September 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say when he was president of the bank or where he lived. He is not linked to any other Moore.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C585", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 17, 1921, reporting the organization of the Berryville Basket Co. by a group of business men of the community, names C. H. Phillips among the men who would constitute its board of directors.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E735" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-h-phillips" ], "establishes": "That C. H. Phillips was a director of the Berryville Basket Co. in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cited passage gives only his initials and does not describe his own business.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C586", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921 reports that Charles W. Marks bought a lot on Liberty Street from E. G. Coiner, on which he would build a home. Its issue of June 23, 1921, reporting that the film \"In the Shadow of the Dome\" would be shown at the Clarke Opera House, says the president of the company that filmed it called on Manager Charles W. Marks of the Clarke Opera House.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E736", "E737" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-w-marks" ], "establishes": "That Charles W. Marks managed the Clarke Opera House in 1921 and bought a Berryville building lot that year.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The March item prints the seller \"E. Q. Coiner.\" Reading the two items as one man rests on the matching name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C587", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 23, 1922, in its tribute to the lawyer Conrad Kownslar, quotes D. L. Fries, proprietor of The Battletown Inn, recalling that he laid a case before Mr. Kownslar and was advised not to go to court.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E738" ], "entity_ids": [ "d-l-fries" ], "establishes": "That D. L. Fries was proprietor of The Battletown Inn in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the inn's name \"The Rattletown 'nn.\" The recollection is his own, as the paper quotes it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C588", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921 reports that Holmes Hibbard, local superintendent of the Northern Virginia Power Company, bought a lot from M. W. Jones on the Charles Town pike to build a new home, and that he lost the end of a finger while repairing a washing machine the week before but kept on the job.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E739" ], "entity_ids": [ "holmes-hibbard" ], "establishes": "That Holmes Hibbard was local superintendent of the Northern Virginia Power Company in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Tower\" for \"Power\" in the first mention and \"Hoimes\" in the second.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C589", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1 and June 8, 1922 prints a notice that the Berryville Supply Company would have specials for Friday and Saturday, signed J. H. Goss, Proprietor.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E740", "E741" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-h-goss" ], "establishes": "That J. H. Goss was proprietor of the Berryville Supply Company in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The notices give only his initials and do not say what the company sold.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C590", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 13, 1921 reports that Norval L. Carter, proprietor of the Berryville Garage, bought the People's Garage from the receiver, Charles Feltner, and would operate it as the Central Garage with the same mechanics.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E742" ], "entity_ids": [ "norval-l-carter" ], "establishes": "That Norval L. Carter, proprietor of the Berryville Garage, bought the People's Garage in January 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline is garbled in the OCR. The item does not give the price.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C591", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922 reports that the Clarke County Creamery would take a holiday on the Fourth of July so that its manager, Pete Rutherford, could spend the day with the Woodmen at the Horse Show grounds.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E743" ], "entity_ids": [ "pete-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Pete Rutherford was manager of the Clarke County Creamery in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not give his full name or say where he lived. He is not linked to Page Rutherford or any other Rutherford.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C592", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 19, 1922 reports that R. L. Aylor, the new owner of the Clarke Milling Co., had bought the house of B. J. Longerbeam on South Church Street and was remodeling it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E744" ], "entity_ids": [ "r-l-aylor" ], "establishes": "That R. L. Aylor was the new owner of the Clarke Milling Co. in October 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say when he bought the mill.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C593", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 19, 1921 reports that T. Eddy Brown sold his combination store and house on Church Street to D. D. Brown for $6,000, and its issue of June 2, 1921 reports that D. D. Brown was refitting the T. Eddy Brown building for his grocery and butcher shop and that T. Eddy Brown was selling his groceries out at cost.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E745", "E746" ], "entity_ids": [ "t-eddy-brown" ], "establishes": "That T. Eddy Brown kept a store on Church Street in Berryville, which he sold to D. D. Brown in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The May item prints the name \"Urown.\" The items do not say whether the two Browns were related, and none is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C594", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 28, 1922 prints the notice of B. O'F. Randolph's public sale of registered cattle and hogs at \"The Moorings,\" Millwood, with F. B. Neville as auctioneer, and its issue of October 12, 1922 prints the notice of a public sale at \"Clay Hill\" near Millwood, also with F. B. Neville as auctioneer. Its issue of November 16, 1922 reports that Auctioneer Frank B. Neville would hold a community public sale at Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E747", "E748", "E749" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-b-neville" ], "establishes": "That Frank B. Neville was an auctioneer of public sales in Clarke County in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The sale notices print only \"F. B. Neville\"; reading them as Frank B. Neville rests on the matching initials, surname and trade. The items do not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C595", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922 reports that Rev. W. H. Ballengee, pastor of the Methodist Church, South, at Berryville, would ask to be placed on the retired list at the next conference on account of his health, and would make his home in Winchester after leaving his charge on April 1, after two years at Berryville. It prints the resolution of the Fourth Quarterly Conference of the Berryville Charge thanking him for his services.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E750", "E751" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-h-ballengee" ], "establishes": "That W. H. Ballengee was pastor of the Berryville charge of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for two years to April 1922, and asked for retirement on account of his health.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body of the item prints the name \"Ballengcc\" and \"Rallen gec.\" The praise is the paper's and the conference's own.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C596", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922 prints the resolution of the Fourth Quarterly Conference of the Berryville Charge, M. E. Church, South, thanking the Rev. W. H. Ballengee for his services, signed Jas. W. Gaver, Secretary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E752" ], "entity_ids": [ "jas-w-gaver" ], "establishes": "That Jas. W. Gaver was secretary of the Berryville quarterly conference of the M. E. Church, South, in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item prints his first name abbreviated and does not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C597", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1922, in its Millwood news, reports that Mother's Day special services were held under the auspices of the Order of Fraternal Americans in their hall by their chaplain, Rev. J. D. Russell.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E753" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-d-russell" ], "establishes": "That Rev. J. D. Russell was chaplain of the Order of Fraternal Americans at Millwood in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not name his church. He is not linked to any other Russell.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C598", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 20, 1921 prints a letter from Millwood, signed \"Anonymous,\" correcting an earlier report: Miss Elizabeth Houghton had charge of the higher grades of the Millwood school, the position she had held for the past two years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E754" ], "entity_ids": [ "elizabeth-houghton" ], "establishes": "That Elizabeth Houghton taught the higher grades at the Millwood school in 1921, and, by the letter, for the two years before.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The letter is unsigned. The earlier report it corrects was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C599", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, reporting that Berryville High School would open on September 14, lists Miss Lucy Parke Shepherd as fifth-grade teacher in the faculty employed up to that time.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E755" ], "entity_ids": [ "lucy-parke-shepherd" ], "establishes": "That Lucy Parke Shepherd was engaged to teach the fifth grade at Berryville High School for the 1921-1922 session.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list is of the faculty employed before the session opened. She is not linked to any other Shepherd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C600", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 6, 1921 reports that an action brought by A. C. Arnett to have the Board of Review reopen the assessment of his land was temporarily dropped in Clarke County Circuit Court after Judge Whiting informally ruled that it must be shown the assessment is above the fair market value. It reports his contention that the assessment, while not above fair market value, was much higher than land assessments elsewhere in the state and so made him pay a higher state tax.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E756" ], "entity_ids": [ "a-c-arnett" ], "establishes": "That A. C. Arnett brought an action over the assessment of his land, which was temporarily dropped in the Clarke County Circuit Court in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item calls the ruling informal and the dropping temporary, and reports no later outcome. The per-acre figure is missing from the OCR. It does not say where his land lay.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C601", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922, reporting the Blue Ridge Hunt Club's horse show and races at Carter Hall, says E. B. Jacobs' entries took three silver cups in the jumping events, and its issue of August 17, 1922 reports that Ed. B. Jacobs won the silver cup for the Clarke County hunter at the Berryville Horse Show and Fair.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E757", "E758" ], "entity_ids": [ "e-b-jacobs" ], "establishes": "That E. B. Jacobs won silver cups with his horses at the Blue Ridge Hunt Club show and the Berryville Horse Show in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The August item prints \"Ed- B. Jacobs\"; reading it as the same man rests on the matching initials and the horse shows. The items do not say where he lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C602", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921 reports that Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke County, son of the late John R. Castleman of Mosby's Rangers, had made the highest average record over four years at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and was chosen valedictorian of his class, and that he had been awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle with German aeroplanes during the World War.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E759", "E602-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-r-castleman-jr" ], "establishes": "That the Courier of May 26, 1921 reported John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke County as chosen valedictorian at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and as awarded a Distinguished Service Medal; a Courier list of 1923 names a different decoration (see the uncertainty note).", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The medal is as the item reports it and was not checked against military records. A Courier list of April 26, 1923 (page 1, compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History) gives, for a John R. Castleman of Berryville, \"first lieut. air service pilot,\" a \"distinguished service cross\" at Romagne, France, on October 5, 1918, with a silver star citation. The two Courier items name different decorations, and which is right is not settled here; the 1923 list is not cited as evidence in this record. His father and brothers named in the item have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C603", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 4, 1922, writing of foreigners in Peking, recalls the Boxer uprising, when \"another Berryville boy,\" Passed Assistant Surgeon Thomas M. Lippitt, U. S. N., was wounded badly in the leg. Its issue of June 1, 1922 names Dr. Thomas M. Lippitt among the friends of Henry G. Shirley from the Summit Point section of Clarke and quotes his recollection of Shirley at school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E760", "E761" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-m-lippitt" ], "establishes": "That Thomas M. Lippitt, a Berryville native, was a Navy surgeon wounded in the Boxer uprising, as the Courier recalled in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles \"Boxer\" and the end of the May sentence. The items do not say where he lived in 1922. Reading the two items as one man rests on the matching name. He is not linked to any other Lippitt.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C604", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 5, 1922 lists Wilbur Price among the Berryville Local's delegates to the county convention of the Farmers' Union. Its issue of March 9, 1922 reports that the plan for the state and counties to divide automobile license taxes equally, proposed by Wilbur Price and endorsed by the Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union, had passed the House of Delegates as a bill and gone to the State Senate.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E762", "E763" ], "entity_ids": [ "wilbur-price" ], "establishes": "That Wilbur Price proposed the plan to divide automobile license taxes between the state and the counties that passed the House of Delegates in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The January list prints \"Wih bur Price.\" The March item reports no action by the Senate. He is not linked to the released record of Mrs. Wilbur Price, since neither item names her.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C605", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921 reports that J. T. Murphy, perhaps the oldest member of the Berryville Methodist Church, South, died near Aldie the Thursday before from paralysis. It says he was born on the Price farm near Price's mill, moved to Loudoun County twenty years before and farmed there, kept his membership in the Berryville church, and served through the Civil War in Col. 'Lige White's Battalion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E764", "E765", "E605-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-t-murphy" ], "establishes": "That the Courier of January 6, 1921 reported J. T. Murphy, a member of the Berryville Methodist Church, South, dead near Aldie, and called him Clarke-born and a veteran of Col. 'Lige White's Battalion.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints the initials \"S. T.\"; the body prints \"J T.\" The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday night\" and gives no age. The widow and children it names have no records here. Gold's History of Clarke County (1914), printed page 308, lists a J. T. Murphy under \"Company K, 11th Virginia Cavalry\"; the Courier says White's Battalion. The two are not reconciled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C606", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 13, 1921 prints a tribute to the late Joseph C. Jones of Millwood, who died January 4 at the home of A. B. Bevan. It reports that he was 47, a son of the late Rev. Joseph R. Jones, for years rector of Cunningham Parish, and of Courtney Byrd Jones, that he was born at Millwood, and that he had at one time conducted a drug store there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E766", "E767" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-c-jones" ], "establishes": "That Joseph C. Jones of Millwood, who had kept a drug store there, died on January 4, 1921, aged 47.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The year of birth is garbled in the OCR. The tribute is signed only \"A Friend,\" and its praise is the writer's own. His parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C607", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 27, 1921 reports the death of Mrs. Agnes B. Page, wife of R. Powel Page of \"Saratoga,\" on Saturday, January 22. It says she was the youngest child of George H. Burwell and his wife Agnes Atkinson of \"Carter Hall,\" where she was born on September 28, 1851, that she married Mr. Page on December 18, 1873, and that she was buried at the Old Chapel. It names her survivors as her husband and five children: N. B. Page, R. P. Page, Jr., Mrs. R. G. Mitchell, Miss Agnes R. Page and Miss Mary F. Page.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E768", "E769" ], "entity_ids": [ "agnes-b-page" ], "establishes": "That Agnes B. Page of \"Saratoga,\" born at \"Carter Hall,\" died on January 22, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The obituary's praise is the writer's own. Of the relatives it names, only Mary F. Page has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C608", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 27, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Agnes B. Page, wife of R. Powel Page of \"Saratoga,\" names Miss Mary F. Page, of Clarke County, among her five surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E770" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-page" ], "establishes": "That Mary F. Page of Clarke County was named in 1921 as a daughter of Agnes B. Page.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary, which says nothing more of her. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C609", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 10, 1921 reports that John Hummer, a well-known farmer of the Briggs neighborhood, born in Clarke County, died the Monday before after a long illness with lung trouble, and that his widow and three grown children, A. B. Hummer, Mrs. John T. Lindsey and Mrs. Ida Cornwell, survived him.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E771" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-hummer" ], "establishes": "That John Hummer, a farmer near Briggs station, died in February 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles his given name in the body (\"..ol:n\"); \"John\" is read from the headline. His age and his wife's maiden name are unreadable. The item dates the death only as \"Monday.\" His children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C610", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 10, 1921 reports that the wife of Isaac Bowman, for years one of the leading business men of Berryville, died on a Monday morning after a stroke of paralysis suffered the Saturday before. It says she was his second wife and a daughter of the late Thomas Jones and Mary Janet Huyett Jones of Clarke County, and names her survivors: her husband, a son, Berkley Bowman, her brothers Mayor D. H. Jones and M. W. Jones, a sister, Mrs. Hattie Britton, and two stepdaughters. Funeral services were held from the Presbyterian Church, with burial in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E772", "E773" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-isaac-bowman", "isaac-bowman" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Isaac Bowman of Berryville, a daughter of Thomas Jones, died in February 1921 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her given name and her age. The relatives the item names have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C611", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 17, 1921 reports that Miss Harriet Washington, a daughter of the late Dr. Henry Washington, for years a prominent physician of Clarke County, and a great-granddaughter of Warner Washington, first cousin of George Washington, died on the Tuesday night before of the infirmities of old age. It gives her age as 89, and says she had lived all her life with her sister, Miss Virginia Washington, in the Washington cottage on West Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E774", "E775" ], "entity_ids": [ "harriet-washington" ], "establishes": "That Harriet Washington of Berryville, daughter of Dr. Henry Washington, died in February 1921 at the age the item gives as 89.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item prints her year of birth as \"1883,\" which cannot agree with an age of 89; neither was checked. Its account of her ancestry is the paper's own. Her sister has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C612", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921 reports word of the death at Lynchburg of Thomas T. Garthright, who from 1870 to 1880 ran the harness and saddle business at the carriage works of George C. Thomas in Berryville. It says he went to Lynchburg to live in 1881, was superintendent of the city home there for 19 years, was born at Chase City, was a Confederate veteran and was 83 years old.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E776" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-t-garthright" ], "establishes": "That Thomas T. Garthright, who ran the harness and saddle business at George C. Thomas's carriage works in Berryville in the 1870s, died at Lynchburg, as reported in February 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not date the death. It is not linked to the record of George C. Thomas, since it says nothing of him beyond owning the carriage works.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C613", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921 reports that Mrs. Elizabeth Simons Hart, wife of William E. Hart, died on the Sunday before of surgical pneumonia following an operation at the Winchester Memorial Hospital. It says she was 36, a daughter of Elijah Simons of Berryville and an earnest worker in the Baptist church, and that her husband, her father and a brother, Harry Simons, survived her. Its issue of March 10, 1921 reports that her funeral at the Baptist Church drew one of the largest crowds ever gathered there, and that she had been an active member of the church's Ladies' Aid and Missionary societies, the W. C. T. U., the King's Daughters and the Woman's Auxiliary of the American Legion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E777", "E778", "E779" ], "entity_ids": [ "elizabeth-simons-hart" ], "establishes": "That Elizabeth Simons Hart of Berryville died at 36 after an operation at the Winchester Memorial Hospital, as reported on March 3, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Eurabeth\" and \"Han.\" The item dates the death only as \"Sunday.\" The March 10 item's last word, \"American,\" runs into a block not read here. Her husband and brother have no records here; her father is linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C614", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Elizabeth Simons Hart, says she was the daughter of Elijah Simons of Berryville and names him among her survivors.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E780" ], "entity_ids": [ "elijah-simons" ], "establishes": "That Elijah Simons of Berryville was living in March 1921 and was named as the father of Elizabeth Simons Hart.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C615", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921 reports that Mrs. Annie E. Robey, wife of John Robey, died on the Tuesday morning before after a long illness with cancer of the liver. It says she was 80 years old and was a Miss Dunn, born in Frederick County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E781" ], "entity_ids": [ "annie-e-robey" ], "establishes": "That Annie E. Robey, wife of John Robey, died at 80, as reported on March 3, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday morning.\" The rest of the obituary runs past the cited passage and was not read. Her husband has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C616", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921 reports that Mrs. Mary E. Allen, widow of the late William Temple Allen of Clarke County, died suddenly of heart trouble in Washington on the Sunday before, at 94. It says that for many years she lived on one of the Allen farms adjoining \"Clifton,\" and counts her among four well-known women whose deaths Berryville mourned that week.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E782", "E783" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-e-allen" ], "establishes": "That Mary E. Allen, widow of William Temple Allen and long of an Allen farm near \"Clifton,\" died in Washington at 94, as reported on March 3, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her name in the headline and body (\"Mur> E. Alien\"). The item dates the death only as \"Sunday.\" The children it names have no records here, and she is not linked to any released Allen record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C617", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921 reports that Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Stolle, wife of L. V. Stolle, died suddenly on the Thursday night before of a ruptured artery of the brain, aged 68. It says she was born in Clarke County, a daughter of the late Adam and Barbara Greenwalt, and names six surviving children, among them Mrs. Thomas Howell of Berryville, and burial in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E784", "E785", "E786" ], "entity_ids": [ "sarah-elizabeth-stolle" ], "establishes": "That Sarah Elizabeth Stolle, wife of L. V. Stolle of Berryville, died at 68, as reported on March 3, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints her husband's name \"Strlle\" and her mother's surname \"Grjenwalt.\" The report of the week's deaths dates hers \"Friday morning,\" the obituary \"Thursday night.\" Of the children it names, only Mrs. Thomas Howell has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C618", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 3, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Stolle, names Mrs. Thomas Howell of Berryville among her six surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E787" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-thomas-howell" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Thomas Howell of Berryville was named in 1921 as a daughter of Sarah Elizabeth Stolle.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The OCR prints \"Berry villa.\" The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C619", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 10, 1921 reports that Mrs. P. L. Hannum died the Thursday before at the home of her son, Howard C. Hannum, with whom she lived. It says she was born near Berry's Ferry, joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Berryville at 18, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery after services at that church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E788", "E789" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-p-l-hannum" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. P. L. Hannum, a member of the Berryville Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died at her son's home, as reported on March 10, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her initials (\"P. U\" in the headline), her age and her year of birth, none of which is given here. The item dates the death only as \"Thursday.\" Her son has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C620", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 10, 1921 reports that William A. Locke, son of James Locke of near Wadesville and a member of the Locke family of Clarke County, died on the Sunday night before at the government hospital at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, of tuberculosis contracted in training at Camp McClellan, Alabama, for service in France. It says he had served on the Mexican border with Company I, Virginia National Guard, enlisting while working on the farm of Patrick Murphy at Wadesville, and that his body was taken to Winchester for burial.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E790" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-a-locke" ], "establishes": "That William A. Locke, a National Guard veteran from near Wadesville, died of tuberculosis at Fort McHenry, as reported on March 10, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Sunday night\" and gives no age. His father has no record here, and he is not linked to any other Locke.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C621", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921 reports that Newton H. Carpenter, one of \"Ashby's brave men\" and for years after the war a prominent farmer of Clarke County, died the Thursday before of a complication of diseases, aged 78. It says he was one of the oldest members in service of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, of Winchester, and for many years its first lieutenant commander.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E791", "E621-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "newton-h-carpenter" ], "establishes": "That the Courier of March 17, 1921 reported Newton H. Carpenter, a Clarke County farmer and a member of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, dead at 78, and called him \"one of Ashby's brave men.\"", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline says he died at his home in the western part of the county \"last Thursday night\"; the body says \"Thursday morning.\" His birthplace falls past the cited passage and is not given here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C622", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 7, 1921 reports that Mrs. Martha Harper, of Washington and Gettysburg, a leader in Eastern Star circles in Washington for whom the Martha Lodge was named, died on the Tuesday night before at the Berryville home of her sister, Mrs. Phillip M. Ricamore, where she had come about a year earlier because of ill health. It says she was the widow of K. N. Harper of Gettysburg.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E792" ], "entity_ids": [ "martha-harper" ], "establishes": "That Martha Harper, an Eastern Star leader of Washington, died at her sister's home in Berryville, as reported on April 7, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday night.\" Her sister has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C623", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 7, 1921 reports that William Alexander Renner, son of I. H. and Rosa Hummer Renner, died at \"Springfield Farm\" on March 29 after an illness of three days, aged 19, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery. It names his surviving parents, four brothers and four sisters, among them Mrs. Turner Huff of Clarke.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E793", "E794" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-alexander-renner" ], "establishes": "That William Alexander Renner died at \"Springfield Farm\" on March 29, 1921, aged 19.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints his mother's married name \"Refiner.\" The tribute is signed \"A Friend.\" Of the relatives it names, only Mrs. Turner Huff has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C624", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 7, 1921, in the obituary of William Alexander Renner, names Mrs. Turner Huff, of Clarke, among his four surviving sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E795" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-turner-huff" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Turner Huff of Clarke County was named in 1921 as a sister of William Alexander Renner.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C625", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 14, 1921 reports that Miss Susan Lanham, aged 67, died at her home near Mt. Weather on the Saturday before and was buried in the family lot at Providence Chapel. It says she made her home with her brother on the farm where she was born, and names two brothers, William Lanham and Samuel Lanham, both of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E796" ], "entity_ids": [ "susan-lanham" ], "establishes": "That Susan Lanham died at 67 at her home near Mt. Weather, as reported on April 14, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the surname \"Lanhatn\" and \"LAX HAM.\" The item dates the death only as \"Saturday last.\" Her brothers have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C626", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 28, 1921 prints a tribute reporting that Eddy Hugh Garvin, husband of Mary E. Garvin (née Conrad) and father of Mrs. John C. Stuart, died at his son-in-law's home in Washington on Wednesday, April 13, at 54. It says he was a son of the late Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Garvin of Millwood, where he was born and reared, and the headline says he was buried at White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E797" ], "entity_ids": [ "eddy-hugh-garvin" ], "establishes": "That Eddy Hugh Garvin, a Millwood native, died in Washington at 54, as reported on April 28, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the day of the month \"IS\"; it is read as 13 from the weekday, not checked against the page image. The tribute's praise is the writer's own. His family have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C627", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 5, 1921 reports that John Dixon, a retired farmer of Clarke County, died the Monday before after a stroke of paralysis a week earlier, on the farm of Benj. Vorous. It says he was 60, had lived with Mr. Vorous for the past ten years, was born in Piedmont Virginia and came to the county years before, and was survived by a widow and one child.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E798" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-dixon" ], "establishes": "That John Dixon, a retired farmer, died at 60 on the Vorous farm, as reported on May 5, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item says both that he had lived on the Vorous farm for two years and with Mr. Vorous for ten. It dates the death only as \"last Monday.\"", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C628", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 12, 1921 reports that Charles H. Smallwood, road commissioner for Chapel District, died on the Saturday night before at his home near Boyce after a long illness with tuberculosis, aged 51. It says he was a brother of Sheriff W. W. Smallwood, born in Clarke County, farmed land he owned, and was appointed road commissioner by Supervisor J. S. Carver.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E799" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-h-smallwood" ], "establishes": "That Charles H. Smallwood, road commissioner for Chapel District, died at 51 at his home near Boyce, as reported on May 12, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Saturday night.\" He is not linked to the released record of W. W. Smallwood, which rests on 1925 items; joining them would be a name match.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C629", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 12, 1921 reports that Miss Betty Morgan, daughter of the late John Morgan, who owned the Hook farm years before, died May 2 at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John A. T. Grigsby after a long illness. It says she was 87, born in Clarke County, had lived for many years at Stephens City, and was buried in the Old Chapel Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E800" ], "entity_ids": [ "betty-morgan" ], "establishes": "That Betty Morgan, a daughter of John Morgan of the Hook farm, died on May 2, 1921, aged 87.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Grigsbys, at whose home she died, have no record here. She is not linked to any other Morgan.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C630", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921 reports that Miss Rose Elzey McCormick, daughter of Mrs. Nannie K. McCormick and the late Thomas McCormick, died the Saturday afternoon before at her home, \"Frankford,\" after an illness of several months, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery. It says her mother and a brother, Frank McCormick, survived her.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E801" ], "entity_ids": [ "rose-elzey-mccormick" ], "establishes": "That Rose Elzey McCormick of \"Frankford\" died, as reported on May 26, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Hose\" for \"Rose,\" and the headline gives the middle initial \"K.\" The item dates the death only as \"last Saturday\" and gives no age. She is not linked to the released Frank McCormick record; the item names a brother Frank, but joining them would be a name match.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C631", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921 announces that a memorial tablet to Robert Russell, killed in France in the World War and the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, would be unveiled at Stone's Chapel. Its issue of June 2, 1921 reports that more than 600 people attended the unveiling, and prints the inscription: Private, Company C, 128th Infantry, 32nd Division, killed in action October 12, 1918, Meuse-Argonne, France. Its issue of September 15, 1921 reports that his body, brought home from France, was buried beside his mother's grave after services at the Presbyterian Church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E802", "E803", "E804", "E805", "E631-1", "E631-2", "E631-3", "E631-4", "E631-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "establishes": "That Robert Edgar Russell of Clarke County, named on a 1921 memorial tablet as a private in the 128th Infantry killed in action in the Meuse-Argonne on October 12, 1918, was reported brought home and buried beside his mother's grave, as the Courier said on September 15, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The May item prints his middle initial \"K.\" and the September item \"E.\" The inscription is as the Courier printed it; the tablet and military records were not checked. The September item does not name the cemetery in the cited passage.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C632", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921 reports that Fenton P. Whiting, a native of Clarke County, died in Roanoke on the Monday morning before after a long illness from paralysis, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery after services at Grace Church. It says he married Miss Maude Lewis in 1891, a sister of Commonwealth's Attorney William Travers Lewis, of R. J. and C. C. Lewis and of Mrs. Samuel McCormick of Berryville, and that he was born December 19, 1853, the son of Francis Henry Whiting and Rebecca Whiting.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E806", "E807" ], "entity_ids": [ "fenton-p-whiting" ], "establishes": "That Fenton P. Whiting, born in Clarke County in 1853, died in Roanoke, as reported on June 9, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints his year of birth \"18A8\"; the body gives 1853. The item dates the death only as \"Monday morning.\" The cited passage does not include his years with the Norfolk and Western named in the headline. His wife's family have no records here except Mrs. Samuel McCormick, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C633", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921, in the obituary of Fenton P. Whiting, says his wife, Maude Lewis, was a sister of Commonwealth's Attorney William Travers Lewis, of R. J. Lewis and C. C. Lewis, and of Mrs. Samuel McCormick, of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E808" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-samuel-mccormick" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Samuel McCormick of Berryville was named in 1921 as a sister of Maude Lewis Whiting.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice. She is not linked to Rose Elzey McCormick or any other McCormick.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C634", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 23, 1921 reports that John C. Lee, a leading farmer and stockman and a candidate for the House of Delegates, was instantly killed the Friday before when a northbound Norfolk and Western express train collided with his automobile at Kennedy's Crossing near White Post. The headline says the engineer was his boyhood friend Turner Clingan.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E809", "E810" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-c-lee" ], "establishes": "That John C. Lee, a farmer, stockman and candidate for the House of Delegates, was killed when a train struck his automobile at Kennedy's Crossing near White Post, as reported on June 23, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints the crossing \"Kenncrly's\" and the body \"Kennedy's.\" The report dates the death only as \"last Friday\" and gives no age. It describes the collision and assigns no fault; none is stated here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C635", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921 reports that Capt. Joseph H. Hardesty, former Confederate soldier, retired farmer and stock dealer, died the Thursday night before, aged 88. It says he was born in 1833 at Rock Hall, the Hardesty family farm on the Winchester pike opposite Minnie Wood Chapel, was made its captain when the militia company was organized into the Clarke Cavalry, afterward farmed and dealt in stock, and served several terms as mayor of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E811", "E812", "E635-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-h-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That the Courier of June 30, 1921 reported the death at 88 of Capt. Joseph H. Hardesty, and said he was made captain of the Clarke Cavalry when its militia company was organized into it and later served several terms as mayor of Berryville.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not give the years he was mayor. Its account of the war is the paper's own and was not checked against military records. His children have no records here. The body of the obituary prints \"Joseph H.\"; OCR of its headline reads \"JOH. R.\" Other items held by the project but not cited here print the name as \"Jos. R.\" or \"J. R.\" Hardesty (the Courier, 1883 to 1912, and its 1914 roll of the Clarke Cavalry) and \"Joseph R. Hardesty\" (Gold's History of Clarke County, 1914), and a Green Hill Cemetery register row names parents \"Joseph Rowan & Martha Richardson Hardesty\"; whether that is the same man is not established here. Which initial is right has not been settled, and the name is kept as the 1921 item prints it. Whether he remained captain through the war is an open question this item does not settle; the 1914 roll and Gold's history, not cited here, bear on it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C636", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921 reports that Charles W. Fritts, a successful farmer and business man of Greenway District, died of heart trouble the Thursday afternoon before, a week after the death of John C. Lee, and that after funeral services at Meade Memorial Church he was buried in the churchyard.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E813", "E814" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-w-fritts" ], "establishes": "That Charles W. Fritts, a Greenway District farmer and businessman, died, as reported on June 30, 1921, and was buried at Meade Memorial Church.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles his age, which is not given here. The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday.\"", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C637", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 21, 1921 reports that Miss Nannie McGuire, one of the most beloved women of Clarke County, had been ill for months and was in critical condition. Its issue of July 28, 1921 reports that Charles M. Broun came from Roanoke for the funeral of his cousin, Miss Nannie McGuire, and its issue of October 13, 1921, in the obituary of Dr. Edward McGuire, says his sister Miss Nannie McGuire died in July.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E815", "E816", "E817" ], "entity_ids": [ "nannie-mcguire" ], "establishes": "That Nannie McGuire of Clarke County died in July 1921, as the Courier reported.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. None of the cited items gives the date of her death or her age. Reading the three items as one woman rests on the matching name. Charles M. Broun has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C638", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 13, 1921 reports that Dr. Edward McGuire, a native of Clarke County and son of the late Dr. Wm. D. McGuire, died at his home in Richmond the Thursday evening before and was buried at Hollywood. It says his sister, Miss Nannie McGuire, died in July, and that one sister, Miss Eve McGuire, a wife and a son survived him.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E818" ], "entity_ids": [ "edward-mcguire" ], "establishes": "That Dr. Edward McGuire, a Clarke County native, died in Richmond, as reported on October 13, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Ilr.\" for \"Dr.\" The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday evening\" and the cited passage gives no age. The praise it reprints from the Richmond News Leader is that paper's own. His father, surviving sister, wife and son have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C639", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 11, 1921 reports that Mrs. Laura Shopland, widow of Henry Shopland, a farmer of Clarke County, died the morning before after a long illness. It says she was a daughter of the late Lewis Herlin, lived until a few years before on the farm then owned by Harry Pifer in Longmarsh District, and was survived by two sons, two daughters, two sisters, Mrs. D. H. Jones and Mrs. J. R. Barnett, and a brother.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E819", "E820" ], "entity_ids": [ "laura-shopland" ], "establishes": "That Laura Shopland of Clarke County died, as reported on August 11, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints her surname \"Khopland\" in the first line and garbles her year of birth, which is not given here. The item dates the death \"yesterday morning,\" the day before the issue. Her relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C640", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 18, 1921 reports that William Nelson Clarke Willson, a merchant and grain dealer at Berryville shortly after the Civil War and a nephew of the late Joseph T. Griffith, died of paralysis the Tuesday afternoon before at the old Griffith home on Church Street, occupied by his niece, Mrs. W. M. S. Hammond. It says he was a native of Frederick County, Maryland, and opened his general merchandise store in Berryville in the May after the surrender at Appomattox.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E821" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-nelson-clarke-willson" ], "establishes": "That William Nelson Clarke Willson, a Berryville merchant from 1865, died at the old Griffith home, as reported on August 18, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR breaks the surname (\"Will, son\") and garbles the headline. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday afternoon.\" He is not linked to the released record of Mrs. W. M. S. Hammond, since joining them would be a name match.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C641", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports that Mrs. Mary V. Brown, mother of R. C. Brown and D. D. Brown of Berryville, died at her home at Millwood the Monday before after a long illness with Bright's disease. It says she was born in Frederick County, Virginia, 69 years before, was, before her marriage to the late R. A. Brown of Millwood, a Miss Mary Weatherholts (the spelling the page prints; whether it is a misprint for Weatherholt is unconfirmed), and was survived by seven children, among them R. C. Brown, H. E. Brown and Mrs. Florence Hummer, and buried in Mt. Hebron Cemetery, Winchester.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E822", "E823" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-v-brown" ], "establishes": "That Mary V. Brown, widow of R. A. Brown of Millwood, died at 69, as reported on August 25, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image, except the maiden name, which two readers checked on the page image: it prints \"Weatherholts.\" The cited passage shows the OCR reading \"WeatherholtB\" and does not itself carry the corrected spelling. The item dates the death only as \"Monday.\" Of her children, R. C. Brown, H. E. Brown and Mrs. Florence Hummer have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C642", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary V. Brown of Millwood, names R. C. Brown of Berryville among her surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E824", "E825" ], "entity_ids": [ "r-c-brown" ], "establishes": "That R. C. Brown of Berryville was named in 1921 as a son of Mary V. Brown.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his mother's obituary, which gives only his initials. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C643", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary V. Brown of Millwood, names H. E. Brown of Millwood among her surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E826" ], "entity_ids": [ "h-e-brown" ], "establishes": "That H. E. Brown of Millwood was named in 1921 as a son of Mary V. Brown.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his mother's obituary, which gives only his initials. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C644", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary V. Brown of Millwood, names Mrs. Florence Hummer of Millwood among her surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E827" ], "entity_ids": [ "florence-hummer" ], "establishes": "That Florence Hummer of Millwood was named in 1921 as a daughter of Mary V. Brown.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice. She is not linked to any other Hummer.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C645", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports that Miss Mary Josephine Crown, sister of the late John O. Crown, for nearly half a century editor of the Courier, and aunt of Miss Sarah B. Crown and John R. Crown of Berryville, died suddenly of heart trouble the Friday before at the home of her niece, Mrs. R. H. Mottu, at Ruxton, Maryland. It says she taught in the Maryland public schools for over fifty years, the last forty in Baltimore, and on retiring came to Berryville to live with her sister-in-law, the late Mrs. John O. Crown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E828", "E829" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-josephine-crown" ], "establishes": "That Mary Josephine Crown, a retired Maryland teacher living in Berryville and sister of the Courier's long-time editor, died at Ruxton, Maryland, as reported on August 25, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"last Friday\" and gives her age only as \"well past four score.\" Her brother and other relatives have no records here except Sarah B. Crown, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C646", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, in the obituary of Miss Mary Josephine Crown, names her as an aunt of Miss Sarah B. Crown of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E830" ], "entity_ids": [ "sarah-b-crown" ], "establishes": "That Sarah B. Crown of Berryville was named in 1921 as a niece of Mary Josephine Crown.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her aunt's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C647", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 8, 1921 reports from Millwood the deaths of Mrs. Maria P. Whiting and her brother, the Rev. William Nelson Meade, grandchildren of the late Bishop Meade, at \"Edgewood,\" her home. It says she died late on a Wednesday night, that she was the widow of the late Frances D. Whiting of Clarke County, and that she was buried at the Old Chapel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E831", "E832", "E833" ], "entity_ids": [ "maria-p-whiting" ], "establishes": "That Maria P. Whiting, widow of Frances D. Whiting and a granddaughter of Bishop Meade, died at \"Edgewood,\" as reported on September 8, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her husband's middle initial. The item dates the death only as \"late Wednesday night\" and gives no age in the cited passages. She is not linked to any other Whiting.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C648", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 8, 1921 reports that the Rev. William Nelson Meade, rector of the Episcopal Church at Tappahannock, died of heart trouble at \"Edgewood\" on the Friday evening of his sister Mrs. Maria P. Whiting's funeral, having come to Clarke to attend it. It says he was a son of the late Frank R. Meade of \"Prospect Hill,\" Clarke County, where he was born, a grandson of Bishop Meade, and 67 years old, and that after services at Christ Church he was buried at the Old Chapel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E834", "E835", "E836" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-nelson-meade" ], "establishes": "That the Rev. William Nelson Meade, born at \"Prospect Hill,\" died at \"Edgewood\" at 67, as reported on September 8, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Kev.\" for \"Rev.\" and garbles his mother's maiden name, which is not given here. The item dates the death only as Friday evening.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C649", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 27, 1921 reports that Mrs. Mary Herlin Jones, wife of Mayor D. H. Jones and one of the leading members of the Berryville Baptist Church, died the Saturday night before after a stroke of paralysis. It says she was 72, born in Clarke County, a daughter of the late Lewis Herlin, and that she and the mayor would have marked their 49th wedding anniversary the next March.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E837" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-d-h-jones" ], "establishes": "That the wife of Mayor D. H. Jones of Berryville died at 72, as reported on October 27, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Her maiden name and her father's surname print \"Herlin\" here; obituaries of February 1922 print what may be the same family name \"Berlin.\" So the record is named for her husband, as the item also names her, and the printed maiden name is kept as an alias. The item dates the death only as \"last Saturday night.\" She is not linked to the mayor or any other Jones.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C650", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1921 reports that Samuel K. Harris, a native of Baltimore County, Maryland, who had made his home in Berryville for the past 15 years, died of paralysis the Saturday before, aged 72, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery after services at Grace Church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E838" ], "entity_ids": [ "samuel-k-harris" ], "establishes": "That Samuel K. Harris, a Berryville resident of fifteen years, died at 72, as reported on November 17, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Saturday.\" It names a surviving son in New York but not his name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C651", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921 reports that W. A. Bradford had returned from New York after the funeral of his sister, Mrs. Louisa B. Ross, wife of Lieut. Gordon Ross of the National Naval Reserves, and that her death occurred in November at Saranac Lake, New York, a health resort where she had spent most of the past four or five years. The headline calls her a native of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E839" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisa-b-ross" ], "establishes": "That Louisa B. Ross, a sister of W. A. Bradford and a native of Clarke County, died at Saranac Lake in November 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the day of the month and the headline. Her brother and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C652", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 19, 1922 reports from Millwood that Col. J. Douglas Bruce, for many years a citizen of the Boyce neighborhood, died early on the Tuesday morning before at the home of Mrs. Henry Jenkins, where he had lived for more than a year, aged 86. The headline calls him a civil engineer who studied at V. M. I. under Stonewall Jackson, and the item says his father, John Bruce, a native of Scotland, kept a school in Winchester before the Civil War.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E840", "E841" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-douglas-bruce" ], "establishes": "That Col. J. Douglas Bruce, a civil engineer long of the Boyce neighborhood, died at Millwood at 86, as reported on January 19, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday morning.\" Its account of his education is the paper's own. His parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C653", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 19, 1922 reports from Millwood that Col. J. Douglas Bruce died at the home of Mrs. Henry Jenkins, where he had lived for more than a year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E842" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-henry-jenkins" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Henry Jenkins of Millwood kept the home where J. Douglas Bruce lived and died in 1921-1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this item, which gives her only by her husband's name and does not say how Col. Bruce came to live with her.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C654", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 12, 1922 reports that Miss Letha Swisher, one of Berryville's telephone operators, would go to Richmond for an operation at St. Luke's Hospital. Its issue of February 2, 1922 reports that she, an operator of the C. & P. Telephone exchange at Berryville, had died the day before at a Richmond hospital where she had gone for the removal of a goiter, the message not saying whether before or after the operation, and that she had come to Berryville from Capon Bridge, where her mother lived.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E843", "E844" ], "entity_ids": [ "letha-swisher" ], "establishes": "That Letha Swisher, a Berryville telephone operator, died in a Richmond hospital, as reported on February 2, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The February item prints her given name \"Lcthia.\" Reading the two items as one woman rests on the matching surname, work and operation. Her mother has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C655", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922 reports from Millwood that George C. Neville, aged 62, a son of the late A. V. Neville of Millwood, died on Wednesday morning, January 25, at the Springfield State Hospital, Sykesville, Maryland, where he had been a patient for two years, and was buried in the family plot at the Old Chapel after services at the Millwood Methodist Church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E845" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-c-neville" ], "establishes": "That George C. Neville of Millwood died on January 25, 1922, aged 62.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints \"Geo. O. Neville.\" He is not linked to Frank B. Neville or any other Neville.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C656", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922 reports that Mrs. Jane L. Hardesty, mother of W. M. Hardesty and one of the oldest residents of Clarke County, died at her home on Treadwell Street of the infirmities of old age. It says she was born in Clarke County on January 5, 1832, and came to live in Clarke after her marriage to the late Charles Hardesty. The headline gives her age as 90.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E846" ], "entity_ids": [ "jane-l-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Jane L. Hardesty, born January 5, 1832, died at her Berryville home, as reported on February 2, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item says both that she lived all her life in the county and that she came to Clarke after her marriage. It does not give the day of death. Her son has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C657", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922 reports that Miss Helen Helm Dortch, daughter of Mrs. Hattie Williams Dortch of \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm, Clarke County, and a descendant of Col. Leroy Peachy, was instantly killed when the roof of the \"Knickerbocker Theatre\" in Washington collapsed the Saturday night before. The headline says her body was brought here and buried, and calls her a daughter of Wm. T. Dortch, a member of the Confederate States Senate from North Carolina.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E847", "E848" ], "entity_ids": [ "helen-helm-dortch" ], "establishes": "That Helen Helm Dortch of \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm was killed in the \"Knickerbocker Theatre\" collapse, as reported on February 2, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the collapse only as \"last Saturday night\" and gives no age. Its account of her descent is the paper's own. Her father has no record here; her mother is linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C658", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922, reporting the death of Miss Helen Helm Dortch in the \"Knickerbocker Theatre\" collapse, names her as the daughter of Mrs. Hattie Williams Dortch of \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm, Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E849" ], "entity_ids": [ "hattie-williams-dortch" ], "establishes": "That Hattie Williams Dortch lived at \"Mt. Hebron\" Farm in Clarke County in 1922 and was named as the mother of Helen Helm Dortch.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her daughter's death notice. The item does not state her marriage; the kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C659", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 2, 1922 reports word of the death of Joseph H. Stickles, a former citizen of Clarke County, on January 3 at the home of his son, H. B. Stickles, at Texas, Maryland, aged 79, and says two brothers, Thomas and Michael Stickles of Clarke County, survived him.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E850" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-h-stickles" ], "establishes": "That Joseph H. Stickles, formerly of Clarke County, died on January 3, 1922, aged 79.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR breaks the surname across a line. His children and brothers have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C660", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports that Private Linton Earl Lloyd, youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. W. Lloyd of near Berry's Ferry and one of five Lloyd brothers who went to France, was drowned the Friday before in a small reservoir he was building near his father's home. It says it was believed he slipped and struck his head, or his heart failed, and that he was 24 and had served in Company D, 101st Infantry, 26th Division.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E851", "E852", "E660-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "linton-earl-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Linton Earl Lloyd, a World War veteran, drowned near Berry's Ferry at 24, as reported on February 9, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cause is given as what \"it is believed,\" not as found. The item dates the death only as \"last Friday.\" His father, Jas. W. Lloyd, has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C661", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 16, 1922 reports that Albert Polhamus, one of the oldest citizens of Berryville, died the Monday morning before at the home of his sister, Mrs. J. H. Bayliss, aged 81, and was buried in the graveyard near the Presbyterian Church at Round Hill.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E853" ], "entity_ids": [ "albert-polhamus" ], "establishes": "That Albert Polhamus of Berryville died at 81, as reported on February 16, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints the surname \"Pdthamus\" once; the headline and the rest of the item give \"Polhamus.\" The item dates the death only as \"last Monday.\" His sister and brothers have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C662", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922 reports that Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore, formerly of Berryville, marked their golden wedding anniversary on Valentine's Day at the home of their daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes, and says Mrs. Ricamore was a daughter of the late Mathew Pulliam and Mr. Ricamore one of the youngest soldiers in Confederate uniform. Its issue of August 31, 1922 reports that George C. Ricamore, a former Clarke County farmer and former town sergeant of Berryville, who as a boy of about 15 had carried out a Civil War mission, died of heart trouble the Friday morning before at the Washington home of his daughter, Mrs. Charles R. Hughes.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E854", "E855", "E662-1", "E662-2", "E662-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-c-ricamore" ], "establishes": "That George C. Ricamore, a former Berryville town sergeant whom the Courier called one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform, died in Washington, as reported on August 31, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The items' accounts of his wartime service are the paper's own and were not checked. The August item dates the death only as \"last Friday morning.\" His wife and daughter have no records here, and he is not linked to any other Ricamore.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C663", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922 reports that Mrs. J. Edward Barnett, wife of J. Edward Barnett, chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, died suddenly the Friday evening before after a stroke that morning. It says she was Miss Lucy V. Berlin before her marriage over 40 years earlier, the fourth child of the late Lewis Berlin to die within six months, and that her husband, two sons and Miss Mable Barnett survived her.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E856" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-j-edward-barnett" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. J. Edward Barnett, wife of the chairman of the Board of Supervisors, died, as reported on February 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"last Friday evening\" and gives no age. Her father's surname prints \"Berlin\" here and \"Herlin\" in other obituaries; no kinship with other records is recorded. Her husband and children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C664", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922 reports from White Post that William F. Powers, a well-known miller of Clarke County, died of valvular heart trouble at his home at Ashby Station on February 14, 1922, and that he was born March 17, 1850, at Kline's Mills near Middletown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E857" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-f-powers" ], "establishes": "That William F. Powers, a Clarke County miller, died at Ashby Station on February 14, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the words before \"well known miller,\" read in the register as \"prominent farmer\"; they are not relied on here. His wife and children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C665", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 reports that Miss Cora Shackleford, daughter of the late John H. Shackleford and Mary Lancaster Shackleford of Berryville, died the Tuesday night before of pneumonia at the home of her sister, Mrs. Clinton Newcomb. It says she was a trained nurse and that during the epidemic of pneumonia and grip in Berryville she answered every call to duty.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E858" ], "entity_ids": [ "cora-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That Cora Shackleford, a Berryville trained nurse, died of pneumonia, as reported on March 2, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cited passage does not include her war service or birth date given later in the obituary. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday night.\" Her family have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C666", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 20, 1922 reports that Peter Fuqua, one of Gen. Pickett's men in the charge at Gettysburg, died the Saturday before at the Frederick County home of his daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. James Hart, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery. It says he lived in Clarke County until a few years before, farmed the county farm for years, and was born in Botetourt County on June 10, 1840.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E859" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-fuqua" ], "establishes": "That the Courier of July 20, 1922 reported Peter Fuqua, who farmed the Clarke County farm, dead at 82, and called him one of Gen. Pickett's men in the charge at Gettysburg.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints the surname \"FuQua\" and \"Fuquqa.\" Its account of his war record is the paper's own. The item dates the death only as \"last Saturday.\" He is not linked to the Wm. P. Fuqua of a January 1922 item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C667", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922 reports that Wm. F. Pyle, aged 81, a farmer who had lived near Boyce all his life, died at the home of his son, Milton S. Pyle, near Boyce, and lists Milton S. Pyle first among his surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E860" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-s-pyle" ], "establishes": "That Milton S. Pyle lived near Boyce in 1922 and was named as a son of Wm. F. Pyle.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item also prints the name \"Milton 8. Pile.\" His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C668", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 reports that Mrs. Martha Smallwood, mother of Lewis Smallwood of Berryville, died at her home in Loudoun County, aged 93, and that her body would be brought to Berryville for services at the Methodist Church and burial in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E861" ], "entity_ids": [ "lewis-smallwood" ], "establishes": "That Lewis Smallwood of Berryville was named in 1922 as a son of Martha Smallwood.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his mother's death notice. She has no record here, so no kinship record is made. He is not linked to any other Smallwood.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C669", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 reports that relatives in Clarke County had word of the death of Samuel Bonham a few days before at Sherman, Texas, of pneumonia, aged 90. It says he was a son of the late Daniel Sowers Bonham and a brother of the late Mrs. Maria Mesmer, went to Texas as a young man, and served four years in the Confederate army; the headline calls him a native of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E862", "E669-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "samuel-bonham" ], "establishes": "That Samuel Bonham, whom the Courier headlined as a native of Clarke County, died at Sherman, Texas, aged 90, as reported on March 2, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"a few days ago.\" Its account of his service is the paper's own. His relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C670", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922 reports that Logan T. Lloyd, son of Letcher Lloyd of Clarke County, who suffered a fractured skull when thrown from his motorcycle to the hard turnpike, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital the Monday morning before when meningitis set in after he had shown signs of recovery. It says he was 20, had recently completed a year's service in the engineering branch of the U. S. Army, and afterward lived with his parents.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E863" ], "entity_ids": [ "logan-t-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Logan T. Lloyd, 20, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital after a motorcycle accident, as reported on March 16, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not date the accident, and the headline and body differ on his branch of service (\"artillery,\" \"engineering branch\"). It dates the death only as \"last Monday morning.\" He is not linked to Linton Earl Lloyd or any other Lloyd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C671", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922, in the obituary of Logan T. Lloyd, names him as the son of Letcher Lloyd of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E864" ], "entity_ids": [ "letcher-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Letcher Lloyd of Clarke County was named in 1922 as the father of Logan T. Lloyd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C672", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922 reports that Mrs. Vienna Osburn, wife of Decatur Osburn, a retired farmer of Clarke County, and sister of Dr. A. P. Osborne, died of pneumonia at her home east of Berryville the Monday before, and was buried in the old Osborne burying ground at Shorthill, Loudoun County, after services at the Katoctin Church. It names a daughter, Mrs. Maurice F. Castleman, and stepchildren, among them Mason Osburn of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E865", "E866" ], "entity_ids": [ "vienna-osburn" ], "establishes": "That Vienna Osburn, wife of Decatur Osburn, died at her home east of Berryville, as reported on March 16, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the words after her name. The item dates the death only as \"Monday\" and gives no age. Of her relatives only Mason Osburn has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C673", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 16, 1922, in the obituary of Mrs. Vienna Osburn, names Mason Osburn of Clarke County among her stepchildren.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E867" ], "entity_ids": [ "mason-osburn" ], "establishes": "That Mason Osburn of Clarke County was named in 1922 as a stepson of Vienna Osburn.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this obituary, which does not name his mother. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C674", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 23, 1922 reports that Hon. Conrad Kownslar, a lawyer and one of the foremost citizens of Clarke County, died the Saturday night before at his home on South Church Street, and was buried in the Kownslar lot in the churchyard after services at Grace Episcopal Church. It says he was born in Berryville about 70 years before, a son of the late Dr. Randolph Kownslar, for years the leading physician of the county, and of Mrs. Elizabeth Blackburn Kownslar.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E868", "E869" ], "entity_ids": [ "conrad-kownslar" ], "establishes": "That Conrad Kownslar, a Berryville lawyer, died at his home, as reported on March 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item's praise of his character is the paper's own, and it gives his age only as \"about 70.\" It dates the death only as \"Saturday night.\" His parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C675", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 23, 1922 reports from Boyce that E. Stover Cooper died of pneumonia the Tuesday afternoon before, aged 74, after several weeks' illness, and was to be buried in Green Hill Cemetery after services at the Methodist church. It says he was a stonemason by trade and for 54 years a member of the Methodist church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E870" ], "entity_ids": [ "e-stover-cooper" ], "establishes": "That E. Stover Cooper, a Boyce stonemason, died at 74, as reported on March 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Tuesday afternoon.\" His widow and children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C676", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 23, 1922 reports word of the death at Martinsburg the Tuesday night before of Mrs. Jos. N. Payne, sister of Mrs. John M. Fishpaw and a former resident of Clarke County, who with her husband once lived on the Winchester pike west of Berryville. It says she was a daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Rinker, long residents of Clarke County, and was 54 years old.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E871" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-jos-n-payne" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Jos. N. Payne, formerly of Clarke County, died at Martinsburg at 54, as reported on March 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives her only by her husband's name. It dates the death only as \"Tuesday night.\" Her relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C677", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 30, 1922 reports the sudden death during the night before of William J. Starkey, a retired farmer and miller, at his home on the J. H. Bell place on the river pike. It says he was born in Clarke County in May 1859, a son of the late Benj. Starkey and Jane Furr Starkey, had been a merchant, miller and farmer in the county, and ran the old Shepherd's mill for fifteen years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E872" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-j-starkey" ], "establishes": "That William J. Starkey, who ran the old Shepherd's mill for fifteen years, died at his home on the river pike, as reported on March 30, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR breaks his given name across a line. His widow, children and brothers named in the item have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C678", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 6, 1922 reprints from the Shepherdstown Register the death of L. Kirk Hardesty, a livestock dealer in Jefferson and Berkeley counties, on the Sunday morning before at the home of his son-in-law, Edward W. Myers, near Swan Pond, in his 77th year. It says he was a native of Clarke County who had lived in that section for thirty-odd years, and a Confederate veteran who enlisted in a military company from Clarke at the outbreak of the Civil War.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E873" ], "entity_ids": [ "l-kirk-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That L. Kirk Hardesty, a livestock dealer in Jefferson and Berkeley counties whom the Shepherdstown Register called a Clarke County native and a Confederate veteran, died near Swan Pond, as reported on April 6, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the surname \"Hardqsty\" and \"Hardaaty.\" The account is the Shepherdstown Register's, and its war record was not checked. It dates the death only as \"last Sunday morning.\" His relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C679", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 6, 1922 reports that Miss Virginia Washington, the last of the Washington family in Clarke County and a great-granddaughter of Warner Washington, died the Monday morning before at the home of Harry Shopland of influenza pneumonia, aged about 87. It says her sister, Miss Harriet Washington, died in February 1921, and that she was a lifelong resident of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E874" ], "entity_ids": [ "virginia-washington" ], "establishes": "That Virginia Washington of Berryville died, aged about 87, as reported on April 6, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR splits her given name (\"V irginia\") and prints her sister's \"Ilariet.\" The item dates the death only as \"Monday morning.\" Its account of her ancestry is the paper's own.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C680", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 13, 1922 reports that Joseph O. Wilson, a former business man of Winchester, died the Sunday morning before at the home of his sister, Mrs. Harry C. Warner, after an illness of over two years, having come \"here\" to spend his last days with her. It says he was a son of the late Geo. A. Wilson and of Mrs. Margaret Ann Wilson, and was buried in Mt. Hebron Cemetery, Winchester.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E875" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-o-wilson" ], "establishes": "That Joseph O. Wilson, formerly of Winchester, died at his sister's home, as reported on April 13, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item says he came \"here\" and does not name the town; the Warner home is taken to be in the Courier's area, not established. It dates the death only as \"last Sunday morning\" and gives no age. His relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C681", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 13, 1922 reports that Morgan Van Deventer, a son of the late Cornelius Van Deventer of Clarke County, a grandson of the late Benj. Morgan of the county, and a brother of Cashier Cornelius Van Deventer of the Boyce State Bank, died in Baltimore the Saturday before as a result of an operation to remove a carbuncle from his neck. The headline calls him a native of Clarke.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E876" ], "entity_ids": [ "morgan-van-deventer" ], "establishes": "That Morgan Van Deventer, a Clarke County native, died in Baltimore, as reported on April 13, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints his given name \"Morjpm\"; the headline gives \"Morgan.\" The item dates the death only as \"Saturday\" and gives no age. His relatives have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C682", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 13, 1922 prints a contributed notice that Wayeman Gaunt, seventeen-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Gaunt, died April 6, 1922, at the Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital in Washington after four operations for mastoiditis.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E877" ], "entity_ids": [ "wayeman-gaunt" ], "establishes": "That Wayeman Gaunt, 17, died in Washington on April 6, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body garbles his given name (\"W'a\\ cman,\" \"Wtycman\"); \"Wayeman\" is the headline's reading. The medical account is the contributor's. The cited passage does not say where the family lived. His parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C683", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Mrs. Eliza Philipine Myerly, wife of J. G. Myerly of near Poolesville, Maryland, died at her home on the Saturday before, and that she was born in Clarke County near Marvin Chapel on April 15, 1867, the day of her death marking her 55th birthday. It says she was a daughter of the late Joseph and Eliza Philipine Anderson, and that after services at the M. E. Church, South, in Berryville she was buried in the family lot at Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E878", "E879" ], "entity_ids": [ "eliza-philipine-myerly" ], "establishes": "That Eliza Philipine Myerly, born near Marvin Chapel in 1867, died on her 55th birthday and was buried at Green Hill, as reported on April 20, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"PhUipine.\" Her husband, children and siblings have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C684", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Mrs. Jennie Eleyette, widow of the late John Elleyette, died at the home of her niece, Mrs. Mary Lanham, at Boyce on Thursday night, March 23, of pneumonia, aged 74, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E880" ], "entity_ids": [ "jennie-eleyette" ], "establishes": "That Jennie Eleyette died at Boyce on March 23, 1922, aged 74.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item spells the surname both \"Eleyette\" and \"Elleyette.\" Her husband and niece have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C685", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports from Briggs that Miss Margaret Elizabeth Vorous, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Vorous, died the Thursday night before after a long illness, having been an invalid for many years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E881" ], "entity_ids": [ "margaret-elizabeth-vorous" ], "establishes": "That Margaret Elizabeth Vorous of Briggs died, as reported on April 20, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body garbles her name (\"M*ss Mar garet\"); the headline gives \"Margaret Vorous.\" The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday night\" and gives no age. Her parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C686", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 prints a notice that Irene Ruth Peyton, infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Peyton, died at her home at Boyce on Friday, April 14, 1922, aged three months and seven days, and was buried in the Old Chapel cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E882" ], "entity_ids": [ "irene-ruth-peyton" ], "establishes": "That Irene Ruth Peyton died at Boyce on April 14, 1922, aged three months.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The notice gives no cause beyond \"disease.\" Her father is linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C687", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 names Irene Ruth Peyton, who died at her home at Boyce, as the infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Peyton.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E883" ], "entity_ids": [ "leonard-peyton" ], "establishes": "That Leonard Peyton of Boyce was named in 1922 as the father of Irene Ruth Peyton.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's death notice, which breaks his given name across a line. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C688", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 lists Mary P. Whiting among the Boyce and Millwood contributors to Near East Relief. Its issue of September 21, 1922 reports that Miss Mary P. Whiting, whom the headline calls a sister of Judge Whiting, died at her home in Millwood on Friday afternoon, September 8, after eight weeks confined to her room, and was buried in the Old Chapel Cemetery; it names a sister, Mrs. G. H. Burwell, and two brothers, the first of them Judge F. B. Whiting.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E884", "E885" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-p-whiting" ], "establishes": "That Mary P. Whiting of Millwood died on September 8, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The September item garbles her name in the headline and body. Reading the April list as the same woman rests on the matching name. She is not linked to the released record of Frank B. Whiting, since joining them would rest on the name and title. She is not Maria P. Whiting, whose death was reported in September 1921.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C689", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 reports that Mrs. Catherine Lloyd, mother-in-law of Sheriff W. W. Smallwood, died at the home of her son, Thomas Lloyd, on April 14 of the infirmities of old age, aged 82. It says she was born in Warren County and was a Miss Utter before her marriage, and that the funeral was held from the sheriff's home.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E886" ], "entity_ids": [ "catherine-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Catherine Lloyd died on April 14, 1922, aged 82.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Her children and the sheriff have no records here that this item links to. She is not linked to any other Lloyd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C690", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 reports that Mrs. Charles Kenneth Brown, wife of Prof. Brown, principal of the Fishersville High School and former principal of Berryville High School, died the week before at the home of her aunt, Mrs. L. L. Coghill, at Staunton. It says she was Miss Gladys Hogan before her marriage, a daughter of the late Basil Duke Hogan of King George County, and that Mr. Brown was principal at Berryville for the session of 1917-1918.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E887" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-charles-kenneth-brown" ], "establishes": "That the wife of Charles Kenneth Brown, a former Berryville High School principal, died at Staunton, as reported on April 27, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints her given name \"Glayds.\" The item dates the death only as \"last week\" and gives no age. Her husband has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C691", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 reports that Mrs. Hattie Helvestine Crampton, wife of William O. Crampton, died at her home on the Sunday afternoon before after an illness of over a year. The headline calls her a daughter of the late Lewis B. Helvestine of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E888" ], "entity_ids": [ "hattie-helvestine-crampton" ], "establishes": "That Hattie Helvestine Crampton, wife of William O. Crampton, died, as reported on April 27, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints a stray \"!\" in her name and garbles the name of her home. The item dates the death only as \"last Sunday afternoon\" and gives no age. Her family have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C692", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1922 reports that Mrs. Lucy E. Royston, wife of Thomas A. Royston, died on May 3 at her daughter's home in Winchester after a long illness, and was buried at Green Hill Cemetery. It says she was a daughter of Christopher Lee, whose home was near the old Mt. Carmel Church a mile east of Berry's Ferry, was 68, and was the mother of eleven children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E889" ], "entity_ids": [ "lucy-e-royston" ], "establishes": "That Lucy E. Royston, daughter of Christopher Lee, died on May 3, 1922, aged 68, and was buried at Green Hill.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where the Roystons lived in 1922. Her husband, father and children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C693", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 reprints from the Richmond News-Leader of May 30 that Dr. Hugh McGuire Taylor, 66, one of the best-known physicians and surgeons of Richmond, died that morning at his home, \"Whitcombe,\" at Westhampton. It says he was born in Clarke County to Major William Taylor and Mrs. Gertrude McGuire Taylor, eldest sister of the late Dr. Hunter McGuire, and spent his early youth on his father's farm, attending the local schools and the academy in Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E890" ], "entity_ids": [ "hugh-mcguire-taylor" ], "establishes": "That Dr. Hugh McGuire Taylor, a Clarke County native, died in Richmond on May 30, 1922, aged 66.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The account is the Richmond News-Leader's, reprinted. His parents and uncle have no records here, and he is not linked to any McGuire record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C694", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 24, 1922 reports that Harry Pearrell, a fruit man employed by Harry Warden, died suddenly at his home on East Main Street the Monday before of a ruptured blood vessel, after dosing his cow, and that it was believed he had been injured by the cow. It says he was 40, came to Berryville from Hagerstown, and worked on the Rosemont Farm before taking charge of Mr. Warden's orchards below the depot. Its issue of August 31, 1922 prints a notice giving his age as 40 years, 3 months and 12 days, and his membership in the Methodist Church and the Modern Woodmen of America.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E891", "E892" ], "entity_ids": [ "harry-pearrell" ], "establishes": "That Harry Pearrell, manager of Harry Warden's orchards at Berryville, died suddenly at 40, as reported on August 24, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cause of injury is \"believed,\" not found; the second notice gives \"hemorrhages\" and says nothing of the cow. Both date the death only as \"Monday,\" afternoon in one and evening in the other. His family have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C695", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922 reports that Mrs. Henrietta R. Ogden, widow of the late Randolph K. Ogden, for years a leading citizen of Berryville, died at her home the Thursday before after a month's illness, aged 78. It says she was born in Jefferson County, married Mr. Ogden in 1869 and came to Berryville, where he was one of the leading contractors of the Valley, and that she was buried in Green Hill Cemetery beside him. It names three children, among them Miss Minnie Ogden of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E893", "E894" ], "entity_ids": [ "henrietta-r-ogden" ], "establishes": "That Henrietta R. Ogden, widow of the contractor Randolph K. Ogden, died at 78, as reported on August 31, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday.\" Of her children only Minnie Ogden has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C696", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922, in the obituary of Mrs. Henrietta R. Ogden, names Miss Minnie Ogden of Berryville among her three children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E895" ], "entity_ids": [ "minnie-ogden" ], "establishes": "That Minnie Ogden of Berryville was named in 1922 as a daughter of Henrietta R. Ogden.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C697", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922 reports that Mrs. Nina R. Long, wife of James F. Long, who tenanted the Ralph Grigsby farm, died in the Winchester Hospital the Thursday before of hemorrhages after a child was born. It says she was 26, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Marcus, left a husband, her parents and two children, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E896" ], "entity_ids": [ "nina-r-long" ], "establishes": "That Nina R. Long died at 26 in the Winchester Hospital, as reported on August 31, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"last Thursday.\" Her husband, parents and children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C698", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 14, 1922 reports that Mrs. Amelia Hough Carroll, widow of John Carroll, who ran \"Montana Hall,\" the home of the late W. G. Conrad, died at her son's home in Montana and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery. It says she was 68 and a native of Clarke County, lived in the county until five years before, and was survived by five sons and a daughter, among them Grover Carroll of Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E897", "E898" ], "entity_ids": [ "amelia-hough-carroll" ], "establishes": "That Amelia Hough Carroll, a Clarke County native, died in Montana at 68 and was buried at Green Hill, as reported on September 14, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the day of death and the Montana town. Of her children only Grover Carroll has a record here, linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C699", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 14, 1922, in the obituary of Mrs. Amelia Hough Carroll, names Grover Carroll of Millwood among her five sons.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E899" ], "entity_ids": [ "grover-carroll" ], "establishes": "That Grover Carroll of Millwood was named in 1922 as a son of Amelia Hough Carroll.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his mother's obituary, which breaks his given name across a line. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C700", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 12, 1922 reports telegrams announcing the death at his home in Augusta, Georgia, that Tuesday morning, of Col. Rice Smith, a retired official of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. and uncle of Miss Sarah B. Crown and Editor John R. Crown of the Courier. It says he was born in Berryville in 1846, a son of Jonathan and Rebecca Smith and a grandson of Treadwell Smith, served in the Clarke Cavalry during the Civil War, was for a few years deputy clerk of court, and in 1880 took a position with the Georgia Chemical Works of Augusta.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E900", "E901" ], "entity_ids": [ "rice-smith" ], "establishes": "That Rice Smith, born in Berryville in 1846 and a retired chemical company official, died at Augusta, Georgia, as reported on October 12, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles his name in the body (\"Col. J. Rte* Smith\"); \"Rice Smith\" is read from a quotation later in the item. The telegrams gave no details of his death. His war service is as the item reports it. His parents and grandfather have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C701", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 19, 1922 reports from Boyce that Mrs. Martha A. Sillman died September 30 at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Susie Cadwallader, at Boyce. It says she married John A. Sillman in 1866, was widowed in 1882 with seven children, lived for many years in and near Front Royal, and was buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery there after services at the Primitive Baptist Church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E902" ], "entity_ids": [ "martha-a-sillman" ], "establishes": "That Martha A. Sillman died at her daughter's home at Boyce on September 30, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her year of birth and her age, which are not given here. Her daughter is linked by proposal; her other children have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C702", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 19, 1922 reports that Mrs. Martha A. Sillman died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Susie Cadwallader, at Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E903" ], "entity_ids": [ "susie-cadwallader" ], "establishes": "That Susie Cadwallader of Boyce was named in 1922 as a daughter of Martha A. Sillman.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C703", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 3, 1922 reports that Fred L. Crown, a son of John O. Crown of Berryville and a brother of Miss Sarah B. Crown and of the Courier's editor, died suddenly at his home in Mobile, Alabama, the morning before. It says he was 40, born at the Crown home in Berryville, and manager of the Mobile Division of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. Its issue of November 9, 1922 prints a tribute from D. C. Snyder.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E904", "E905" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-l-crown" ], "establishes": "That Fred L. Crown, a Berryville native, died at Mobile at 40, as reported on November 3, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles his given name and his father's, and prints the editor as \"John K. Crown.\" His wife and sons have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C704", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 9, 1922 reports that Mrs. Florence Jones Tilford, widow of John B. Tilford, one of the original Standard Oil magnates, and mother of Frank V. Tilford, died at Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, on the Monday before, aged 77. It says she once made her home in Berryville and had many relatives there, and was buried in Mt. Hebron Cemetery, Winchester, where she had lived for many years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E906" ], "entity_ids": [ "florence-jones-tilford" ], "establishes": "That Florence Jones Tilford, once of Berryville, died at Blue Ridge Summit at 77, as reported on November 9, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item dates the death only as \"Monday.\" Its description of her husband is the paper's. Her family have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C705", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922 reports that Charles Lewis Willingham, a lifelong resident of Clarke County, died at the home of his son, Wm. W. Willingham, near Berryville, on November 5, aged 78. It says he was a member of Marvin Chapel M. E. Church, was buried in Green Hill Cemetery, and was survived by three sons, a stepson, two daughters, among them Mrs. Kate Cornwell of White Post, and a sister, Mrs. Jennie Cooper of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E907", "E908" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-lewis-willingham" ], "establishes": "That Charles Lewis Willingham died near Berryville on November 5, 1922, aged 78.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Of his relatives, Wm. W. Willingham, Mrs. Kate Cornwell and Mrs. Jennie Cooper have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C706", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922 reports that Charles Lewis Willingham died at the home of his son, Wm. W. Willingham, near Berryville, and names him first among three sons.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E909" ], "entity_ids": [ "wm-w-willingham" ], "establishes": "That Wm. W. Willingham lived near Berryville in 1922 and was named as a son of Charles Lewis Willingham.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's obituary, which breaks the surname across a line. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C707", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922, in the obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham, names Mrs. Kate Cornwell of White Post among his two daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E910" ], "entity_ids": [ "kate-cornwell" ], "establishes": "That Kate Cornwell of White Post was named in 1922 as a daughter of Charles Lewis Willingham.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C708", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922, in the obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham, names his one sister, Mrs. Jennie Cooper of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E911" ], "entity_ids": [ "jennie-cooper" ], "establishes": "That Jennie Cooper of Boyce was named in 1922 as a sister of Charles Lewis Willingham.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice. She is not linked to E. Stover Cooper of Boyce or any other Cooper.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C709", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922 reports that Wm. F. Pyle, aged 81, died on a Monday morning at the home of his son, Milton S. Pyle, near Boyce. It says he was a farmer who had lived near Boyce all his life, names his surviving children, among them Milton S. Pyle and Mrs. John Ritter of Boyce, a brother, Robert Pyle, and a sister, Mrs. Robert Goodrick, both of Boyce, and says he was buried in the Old Chapel cemetery after a funeral on November 21.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E912" ], "entity_ids": [ "wm-f-pyle" ], "establishes": "That Wm. F. Pyle, a farmer of near Boyce, died at 81, as reported on November 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints \"Wm. V. Pyle.\" The item dates the death only as \"Monday morning.\" Of his relatives, Milton S. Pyle, Mrs. John Ritter, Robert Pyle and Mrs. Robert Goodrick have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C710", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922, in the obituary of Wm. F. Pyle, names Mrs. John Ritter of Boyce among his surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E913" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-john-ritter" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. John Ritter of Boyce was named in 1922 as a daughter of Wm. F. Pyle.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C711", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922, in the obituary of Wm. F. Pyle, names his one surviving brother, Robert Pyle of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E914" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-pyle" ], "establishes": "That Robert Pyle of Boyce was named in 1922 as a brother of Wm. F. Pyle.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C712", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922, in the obituary of Wm. F. Pyle, names his one surviving sister, Mrs. Robert Goodrick of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E915" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-robert-goodrick" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Robert Goodrick of Boyce was named in 1922 as a sister of Wm. F. Pyle.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name and prints a stray mark in it. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C713", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 23, 1922 reports that Norman B. Wynkoop, a farmer, died early on the Saturday morning before at his home near Berryville, aged 47, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery. It says he was a son of the late Geo. W. Wynkoop of Loudoun County, who settled in Clarke County and reared his family there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E916" ], "entity_ids": [ "norman-b-wynkoop" ], "establishes": "That Norman B. Wynkoop, a farmer near Berryville, died at 47, as reported on November 23, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the headline, his nickname and his home (\"M> r BorryTlllo\"). The item dates the death only as \"Saturday morning.\" His widow and brothers have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C714", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 7, 1922 reports that M. W. Jones died at his home in Berryville on the Sunday evening before. It says Matthew Williamson Jones was born September 24, 1848, near Rippon, a few miles beyond the Clarke County line, and names his only surviving brother, Doras H. Jones, for many years mayor of Berryville, and his only sister, Mrs. George Britton of Berryville. Its issue of December 21, 1922 prints the resolution of the directors of the Bank of Clarke County on the death, on December 3, 1922, of M. W. Jones, a director and at his death the last acting member of the bank's incorporators.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E917", "E918", "E919" ], "entity_ids": [ "m-w-jones" ], "establishes": "That M. W. Jones, a director of the Bank of Clarke County, died at his Berryville home on December 3, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cited passages do not include the account of his career later in the obituary. His widow and children have no records here, and he is not linked to any released Jones record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C715", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 7, 1922, in the obituary of M. W. Jones, names Mrs. George Britton of Berryville as his only sister.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E920" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-george-britton" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. George Britton of Berryville was named in 1922 as a sister of M. W. Jones.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary, which breaks the surname across a line. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C716", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 18, 1923 reports that E. R. Curtis of Wadesville, formerly a civil engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, died the Saturday before, about 65, and names Albert Curtis of Wadesville among his four surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E921" ], "entity_ids": [ "albert-curtis" ], "establishes": "That Albert Curtis of Wadesville was named in 1923 as a son of E. R. Curtis.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's death notice, which prints the father's initials \"K K.\" His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C717", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 18, 1923 reports the death of E. R. Curtis of Wadesville, and names Miss Beatrice Curtis of Wadesville among his four surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E922" ], "entity_ids": [ "beatrice-curtis" ], "establishes": "That Beatrice Curtis of Wadesville was named in 1923 as a daughter of E. R. Curtis.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's death notice. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made, and she is not linked to Albert Curtis by a record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C718", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1923 reports the death of William Andrew Johnston, for many years one of the best-known residents of the Wickliffe section of Clarke County, and names Mrs. G. L. Carter of Berryville among his six surviving daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E923" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-g-l-carter" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. G. L. Carter of Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of William Andrew Johnston.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's initials. The register's reading of a January 1923 item on a \"Mrs. Grover Carter\" as the same woman is not relied on. Her father has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C719", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 25, 1923 reports the sudden death from heart failure on Friday, January 19, of Maggie Higgins Smith, who for over thirty-one years had served the Gilpin family, first as nurse to the three children, Donald N. Gilpin, Kenneth N. Gilpin and Mrs. L. M. Allen, and afterward as personal maid to Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin. It says a service was held by the Rev. B. D. Chambers before her body was sent for burial in her mother's lot in Baltimore.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E924", "E925" ], "entity_ids": [ "maggie-higgins-smith" ], "establishes": "That Maggie Higgins Smith, for over thirty-one years in the service of the Gilpin family, died on January 19, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item is written from the family's side and gives no age or birthplace. The Gilpins named have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C720", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 25, 1923 reports the death of Charles Shumate, a farmer of the Berry's Ferry neighborhood, and names Thomas Shumate of near White Post as one of his two surviving brothers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E926" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-shumate" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Shumate of near White Post was named in 1923 as a brother of Charles Shumate.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's obituary. His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C721", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 22, 1923, reporting the death of George H. Wright on February 9 at his home near Wadesville, on the Frederick County side of the Opequon, names Miss Johnetta Wright, at home, among the children of his second marriage. Its issue of July 26, 1923, in the obituary of George Thomas Wright, names Miss Johnetta Wright of Wadesville as his half-sister.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E927", "E928", "E929" ], "entity_ids": [ "johnetta-wright" ], "establishes": "That Johnetta Wright of Wadesville was named in 1923 as a daughter of George H. Wright.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The July item prints her given name \"JJohnetta\" and gives the elder George Wright's middle initial as \"W.\" Neither her father nor her half-brother has a record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C722", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 22, 1923 reports the death of Samuel J. Wiley, a former resident of Clarke County, at his home at Red Bud, Frederick County, and names Mrs. E. O. Carroll of Clarke among his seven surviving daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E930" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-e-o-carroll" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. E. O. Carroll of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a daughter of Samuel J. Wiley.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's initials. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C723", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 22, 1923 reports the death of Samuel J. Wiley, a former resident of Clarke County, and names S. C. Wiley of Millwood among his five surviving sons.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E931" ], "entity_ids": [ "s-c-wiley" ], "establishes": "That S. C. Wiley of Millwood was named in 1923 as a son of Samuel J. Wiley.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's obituary, which gives only his initials. His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C724", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 22, 1923, in the obituary of Decatur Osburn, names Mrs. Maurice Castleman of Berryville among his three surviving daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E932" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-maurice-castleman" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Maurice Castleman of Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of Decatur Osburn.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her father has no record here. The obituary of Vienna Osburn, released earlier, names a daughter \"Mrs. Maurice F. Castleman\"; no link is recorded, since this item does not name her mother.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C725", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 1, 1923, in its account of the life of John C. Rutherford, names Miss Mary Rutherford of near Berryville among his surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E933" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Mary Rutherford of near Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of John C. Rutherford.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made. She is not linked to Page Rutherford, named in the same list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C726", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 1, 1923, in its account of the life of John C. Rutherford, names Miss Minnie Rutherford of near Berryville among his surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E934" ], "entity_ids": [ "minnie-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Minnie Rutherford of near Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of John C. Rutherford.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C727", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, in the obituary of Isaac Bowman, a Confederate artilleryman, says Mr. Bowman married twice, and that by his second wife, Miss Ellen Jones, he had one son, Berkley Bowman of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E935", "E936" ], "entity_ids": [ "berkley-bowman", "isaac-bowman" ], "establishes": "That Berkley Bowman of Berryville was named in 1923 as the son of Isaac Bowman and his second wife.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's obituary. His father has no record here. The link to the released record of Mrs. Isaac Bowman is a proposal: her 1921 obituary names her as Isaac Bowman's second wife, a Jones, and her one son as Berkley Bowman; her given name is garbled there.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C728", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923 reports that Miss Clara Tavenner, sister of Frank Tavenner of the Bethel neighborhood, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E937" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-tavenner" ], "establishes": "That Frank Tavenner of the Bethel neighborhood was named in 1923 as a brother of Clara Tavenner.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his sister's obituary, which prints the surname \"Tarenner.\" His sister has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C729", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, in the obituary of Miss Grace Lupton, names Miss Jessie Lupton of Berryville among her four surviving sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E938" ], "entity_ids": [ "jessie-lupton" ], "establishes": "That Jessie Lupton of Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of Grace Lupton.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her sister's obituary. Her sister has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C730", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, in the obituary of Miss Grace Lupton, names her one brother, Thomas Lupton of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E939" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-lupton" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Lupton of Berryville was named in 1923 as the brother of Grace Lupton.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his sister's obituary, which prints a stray period after his given name. His sister has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C731", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923 reports that John Wells of Petersburg, a brother of Mrs. Floyd Dorsey of Berryville, died at his home there, aged 20.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E940" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-floyd-dorsey" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Floyd Dorsey of Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of John Wells.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this item, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C732", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 29, 1923, in the obituary of Fred N. Ryan, names Miss Katie Ryan of Clarke among his seven surviving sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E941" ], "entity_ids": [ "katie-ryan" ], "establishes": "That Katie Ryan of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a sister of Fred N. Ryan.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C733", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 29, 1923, in the obituary of Fred N. Ryan, names Mrs. John A. T. Grigsby first among his seven surviving sisters, with Miss Katie Ryan \"of Clarke.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E942" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-john-a-t-grigsby" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. John A. T. Grigsby was named in 1923 as a sister of Fred N. Ryan.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name and prints it \"Grigsbv.\" The place \"of Clarke\" follows Miss Katie Ryan's name and may or may not cover hers. Her brother and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C734", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 5, 1923 reports from Boyce that Delany C. Hoff, eleven-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hoff, died at his parents' home near Boyce on Monday night, March 25, and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E943" ], "entity_ids": [ "amos-hoff" ], "establishes": "That Amos Hoff of near Boyce was named in 1923 as the father of Delany C. Hoff.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's obituary. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made, and no record joins him to Mrs. Amos Hoff.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C735", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 5, 1923 reports from Boyce that Delany C. Hoff, eleven-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hoff, died at his parents' home near Boyce on the night of March 25, and that his mother, going to look after him, found he had died in his sleep.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E944" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-amos-hoff" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Amos Hoff of near Boyce was named in 1923 as the mother of Delany C. Hoff.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C736", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 5, 1923 reports the death of Isham Keith Briggs, former sheriff and chief land assessor of Clarke County, at the home of his son in South Boston. It says that in his later years he operated part of the George H. Byrd farm with his son Joseph Briggs, and names Joseph Briggs of Clarke among his surviving sons.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E945", "E946" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-briggs" ], "establishes": "That Joseph Briggs of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a son of Isham Keith Briggs and had worked part of the George H. Byrd farm with him.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's obituary. His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C737", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 19, 1923 reprints from the Winchester Star that Miss Virginia C. Kitchen of White Post died suddenly of heart trouble in the office of Dr. Charles O. Dearmont, and names J. S. Kitchen of White Post as one of her two brothers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E947", "E948" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-s-kitchen" ], "establishes": "That J. S. Kitchen of White Post was named in 1923 as a brother of Virginia C. Kitchen.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his sister's obituary, which gives only his initials. His sister has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C738", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 19, 1923 reports the death of Isaac Myers, a native of Clarke County and a farmer of Jefferson County, and names Mrs. J. H. Myers of Clarke among his surviving sisters-in-law.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E949" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-j-h-myers" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. J. H. Myers of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a sister-in-law of Isaac Myers.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this obituary, which gives her only by her husband's initials. Isaac Myers has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C739", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 17, 1923 reports the death on April 23 of Mrs. George H. Carter at her home in Front Royal, eldest daughter of the late Charles M. Castleman of \"North Hill,\" and names her surviving sister, Miss Estelle Castleman of Berryville. The same issue's personals report that Miss Estelle Castleman had returned from a stay with Mrs. Hammond Siler at Berkeley Springs.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E950", "E951" ], "entity_ids": [ "estelle-castleman" ], "establishes": "That Estelle Castleman of Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of Mrs. George H. Carter.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The obituary prints the surname \"Castloman.\" Reading the personal item as the same woman rests on the matching name. Her sister has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C740", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1923 reports that Thomas Hugh Burwell, of the old Virginia family of that name and one of its best-known members in Clarke County, died on a Thursday evening at his home, \"Fairview,\" near Millwood, after an illness. It says his wife, formerly Miss Virginia Sharpe of Wilmington, Delaware, died some years before, names his daughters Mrs. E. B. Jacobs of Boyce and Mrs. Lewis Meade of \"The Vineyard,\" and his sisters Mrs. Archibald Randolph and Miss Mary Willing Burwell, and says he was buried at the Old Chapel after services at Christ Church, Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E952", "E953" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-hugh-burwell" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Hugh Burwell of \"Fairview\" died, as reported on May 31, 1923, and was buried at the Old Chapel.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the hour of death. The item dates the death only as \"Thursday evening\" and gives no age; it names his parents with the surname \"Page,\" which may be an error. Of his relatives, Mrs. E. B. Jacobs, Mrs. Lewis Meade and Mary Willing Burwell have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C741", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1923, in the obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell, names Mrs. E. B. Jacobs of Boyce as one of his two daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E954" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-e-b-jacobs" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. E. B. Jacobs of Boyce was named in 1923 as a daughter of Thomas Hugh Burwell.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's initials. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice. She is not linked to the released record of E. B. Jacobs, since the item does not name her husband beyond his initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C742", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1923, in the obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell, names Mrs. Lewis Meade of \"The Vineyard,\" Clarke County, as one of his two daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E955" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-lewis-meade" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Lewis Meade of \"The Vineyard\" was named in 1923 as a daughter of Thomas Hugh Burwell.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C743", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1923, in the obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell, names Miss Mary Willing Burwell of Clarke County as one of his sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E956" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-willing-burwell" ], "establishes": "That Mary Willing Burwell of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a sister of Thomas Hugh Burwell.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C744", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports news received at Boyce of the death by drowning of Earnest Hillyard of Washington, son of Mrs. Mary Ann Hillyard, formerly of Boyce, while bathing near Washington. It says he lived at Boyce before going to Washington in business, was buried in Mt. Hebron Cemetery, Winchester, and was survived by his mother, brothers C. E., Otho and John W. Hillyard, and two sisters, among them Mrs. Joseph Heflin of near Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E957" ], "entity_ids": [ "earnest-hillyard" ], "establishes": "That Earnest Hillyard, formerly of Boyce, drowned near Washington, as reported on June 28, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints the surname \"HILliYARD.\" The item does not date the drowning or give his age. Of his relatives, John W. Hillyard and Mrs. Joseph Heflin have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C745", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the drowning of Earnest Hillyard, names John W. Hillyard of Boyce among his brothers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E958" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-hillyard" ], "establishes": "That John W. Hillyard of Boyce was named in 1923 as a brother of Earnest Hillyard.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's death notice. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C746", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the drowning of Earnest Hillyard, names Mrs. Joseph Heflin of near Berryville as one of his two sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E959" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-joseph-heflin" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Joseph Heflin of near Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of Earnest Hillyard.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's death notice, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C747", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 5, 1923 reports that Dr. Lawson B. Moore, son of the late Judge and Mrs. S. J. C. Moore of Berryville, died at his home at Charlottesville, and names Miss Jane C. Moore of Berryville among his four surviving sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E960" ], "entity_ids": [ "jane-c-moore" ], "establishes": "That Jane C. Moore of Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of Lawson B. Moore.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. The item also names a \"Miss Janie Moore\" who went to the funeral; reading her as the same woman is likely but not stated. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C748", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 12, 1923 reports the death of John Thomas Huff at his home in Berryville, and names Mrs. Elizabeth Wright of Boyce as one of his two surviving sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E961" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-elizabeth-wright" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Elizabeth Wright of Boyce was named in 1923 as a sister of John Thomas Huff.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made. She is not linked to any other Wright.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C749", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 2, 1923 reprints from the Spirit of Jefferson the death of John W. Boyd at his home at Rocks Ferry, Jefferson County, on July 20, and names Mrs. Walter Bell among his children, in a group of three followed by \"of Clarke county, Va.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E962" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-walter-bell" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Walter Bell was named in 1923 as a daughter of John W. Boyd of Rocks Ferry.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The place \"of Clarke county\" follows the last of three names and is read as covering hers. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C750", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 2, 1923 reprints from the Spirit of Jefferson the death of John W. Boyd of Rocks Ferry, Jefferson County, and names Mrs. William Licklider among his eighteen children, last in a group of three followed by \"of Clarke county, Va.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E963" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-william-licklider" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. William Licklider was named in 1923 as a daughter of John W. Boyd of Rocks Ferry.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her father's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. The place \"of Clarke county\" follows her name directly. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C751", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923 reports the death of Thomas Poston, aged 49, who spent his boyhood in Clarke, and names Luther Poston of Clarke County as his one brother.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E964" ], "entity_ids": [ "luther-poston" ], "establishes": "That Luther Poston of Clarke County was named in 1923 as the brother of Thomas Poston.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's obituary, whose dateline is garbled. His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C752", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923 reports that Mrs. Martin Mallory died at the home of her husband's parents in Berryville on August 11, aged 28, and says her husband, a son of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Mallory, served many months overseas in the World War in Company I, 116th Infantry.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E965", "E752-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "martin-mallory" ], "establishes": "That Martin Mallory of Berryville, a World War veteran of the 116th Infantry, was named in 1923 as the husband of Mrs. Martin Mallory.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his wife's obituary. The OCR prints the division as the \"39th\"; it is not relied on. His wife has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C753", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 23, 1923 reports that Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, widow of Martin Baker, died at 98 at the home of her daughter, Miss Annie Baker, in Boyce, and names Miss Annie Baker of Boyce first among her four surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E966" ], "entity_ids": [ "annie-baker" ], "establishes": "That Annie Baker of Boyce was named in 1923 as a daughter of Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, who died at her home.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary. A December 1923 item on a \"Mrs. Annie Baker, of Boyce\" is not relied on. Her mother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C754", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 23, 1923 reports the death of Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, widow of Martin Baker, at 98, and names her son George Baker, a farmer near Boyce, among her four surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E967" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-baker" ], "establishes": "That George Baker, a farmer near Boyce, was named in 1923 as a son of Catherine Anne Spiker Baker.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his mother's obituary. His mother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C755", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 30, 1923 reports the death of Charles F. Brown, who came to Clarke from Westmoreland County, and names his two surviving children, Miss Elizabeth Brown of Berryville and Arthur W. Brown of Kentucky.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E968" ], "entity_ids": [ "elisabeth-brown" ], "establishes": "That Elizabeth Brown of Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of Charles F. Brown.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints \"Miss Elizabeth Brown, of Berryville\"; an earlier OCR text had read \"Elisabeth.\" She is known here only from her father's obituary, which the OCR garbles heavily. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C756", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 reports that Hugh Armel, 23, son of John Armel, a farmer of the White Post neighborhood, was crushed to death the Thursday morning before at the Berryville basket factory, when a log being unloaded broke from its hooks, rolled down the pile and jammed him against a freight car. It says he had lately taken work at the factory, that work there was suspended for the day and employees attended his funeral in a body, and that he was buried in the Macedonian cemetery in Frederick County. It names his survivors: a wife, a daughter of J. W. Butler of White Post, a baby, his parents, three brothers and a sister.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E969", "E970", "E971" ], "entity_ids": [ "hugh-armel" ], "establishes": "That Hugh Armel, 23, was killed in an accident unloading logs at the Berryville basket factory, as reported on September 6, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item describes how the accident happened and assigns no fault; none is stated here. It dates the death only as \"last Thursday morning.\" His wife and child are not named. His parents, two of his brothers and his father-in-law have records here, each linked by proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C757", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 names Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory, as the son of John Armel, a prominent farmer of the White Post neighborhood, and says the funeral was held from his home near White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E972", "E973" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-armel" ], "establishes": "That John Armel, a farmer near White Post, was named in 1923 as the father of Hugh Armel.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's death notice. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C758", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 names Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory, as the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Armel of White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E974" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-john-armel" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. John Armel of White Post was named in 1923 as the mother of Hugh Armel.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's death notice, which gives her only by her husband's name. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C759", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 names Thomas Armel of Boyce among the three brothers of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E975" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-armel" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Armel of Boyce was named in 1923 as a brother of Hugh Armel.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's death notice. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C760", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 names Floyd Armel of White Post among the three brothers of Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E976" ], "entity_ids": [ "floyd-armel" ], "establishes": "That Floyd Armel of White Post was named in 1923 as a brother of Hugh Armel.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's death notice, which splits the surname across a line. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C761", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923 says Hugh Armel, killed at the Berryville basket factory, was survived by a wife, who was a Miss Butler, daughter of J. W. Butler of White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E977" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-w-butler" ], "establishes": "That J. W. Butler of White Post was named in 1923 as the father of Hugh Armel's wife.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son-in-law's death notice, which gives only his initials. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C762", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 20, 1923 reports the death of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon, widow of Benjamin O'Fallon, at \"Red Gate,\" her home near Millwood, and names Miss Ethel Carter O'Fallon of Millwood among her children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E978" ], "entity_ids": [ "ethel-carter-ofallon" ], "establishes": "That Ethel Carter O'Fallon of Millwood was named in 1923 as a daughter of Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary. Her mother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C763", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 20, 1923, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon of \"Red Gate,\" names Mrs. Jas. H. Nolan of Berryville among her children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E979" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-jas-h-nolan" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Jas. H. Nolan of Berryville was named in 1923 as a daughter of Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her mother's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her mother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C764", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 20, 1923, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon of \"Red Gate,\" names Mrs. Wm. F. Randolph of \"Athlone,\" Millwood, first among her three stepchildren.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E980" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-wm-f-randolph" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Wm. F. Randolph of \"Athlone\" was named in 1923 as a stepdaughter of Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Mrs. O'Fallon has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C765", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 27, 1923 reports that Charles Randolph Rosenberry, one-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rosenberry, died at his home near Briggs on Tuesday, September 18.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E981" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-a-rosenberry" ], "establishes": "That C. A. Rosenberry of near Briggs was named in 1923 as the father of Charles Randolph Rosenberry.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's death notice, which prints the surname \"Roscnberiy\" and gives only his initials. The child has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C766", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 27, 1923 reports that Charles Randolph Rosenberry, one-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rosenberry, died at his home near Briggs on Tuesday, September 18.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E982" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-c-a-rosenberry" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. C. A. Rosenberry of near Briggs was named in 1923 as the mother of Charles Randolph Rosenberry.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's death notice, which gives her only by her husband's initials and prints the surname \"Roscnberiy.\" The child has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C767", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 25, 1923 reports that Sam Rust, brother of Robert Rust of Clarke, died at his home in Loudoun County and was buried in Leesburg.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E983" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-rust" ], "establishes": "That Robert Rust of Clarke County was named in 1923 as the brother of Sam Rust.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's death notice. His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C768", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 1, 1923 reports the death of J. W. Parker, a well-known blacksmith, at his home on North Church Street, and names George Parker of Boyce first among his five surviving children.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E984" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-parker" ], "establishes": "That George Parker of Boyce was named in 1923 as a son of J. W. Parker.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his father's obituary. His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C769", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923 reports that Downey Boyd, fifteen-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson Boyd of Clarke County, died in the Memorial Hospital at Winchester after an operation for appendicitis, and that his parents lived near the Shenandoah River in the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E985" ], "entity_ids": [ "anderson-boyd" ], "establishes": "That Anderson Boyd, living near the Shenandoah River, was named in 1923 as the father of Downey Boyd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's obituary. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made, and no record joins him to Mrs. Anderson Boyd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C770", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923 reports that Downey Boyd, fifteen-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson Boyd of Clarke County, died after an operation for appendicitis, and that his parents lived near the Shenandoah River.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E986" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-anderson-boyd" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Anderson Boyd was named in 1923 as the mother of Downey Boyd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C771", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923, in the obituary of Downey Boyd, names his one brother, Henry Boyd of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E987" ], "entity_ids": [ "henry-boyd" ], "establishes": "That Henry Boyd of Clarke County was named in 1923 as the brother of Downey Boyd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's obituary. His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C772", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923, in the obituary of Downey Boyd, names Mrs. Viola Orndoff of Clarke County among his three sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E988" ], "entity_ids": [ "viola-orndoff" ], "establishes": "That Viola Orndoff of Clarke County was named in 1923 as a sister of Downey Boyd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C773", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1923, in the obituary of Downey Boyd, names Miss Violet Boyd, who lived with her parents, among his three sisters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E989" ], "entity_ids": [ "violet-boyd" ], "establishes": "That Violet Boyd was named in 1923 as a sister of Downey Boyd, living with her parents.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her brother's obituary, which gives no age for her. Her brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C774", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, 35, wife of Edgar Bayliss of Berryville and daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Johnson, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital after an operation for appendicitis.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E990" ], "entity_ids": [ "edgar-bayliss" ], "establishes": "That Edgar Bayliss of Berryville was named in 1923 as the husband of Rosa Lee Bayliss.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his wife's obituary. His wife has no record here, so no kinship record is made. He is not linked to Joseph Bayliss or any other Bayliss.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C775", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, 35, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Johnson of Clarke County, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital after an operation for appendicitis.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E991" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-thomas-n-johnson" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Thomas N. Johnson of Clarke County was named in 1923 as the mother of Rosa Lee Bayliss.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her daughter's obituary, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C776", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, 35, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Johnson of Clarke County, died at the Winchester Memorial Hospital after an operation for appendicitis.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E992" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-n-johnson" ], "establishes": "That Thomas N. Johnson of Clarke County was named in 1923 as the father of Rosa Lee Bayliss.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's obituary. His daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C777", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that William Martin Bayliss, brother of Joseph Bayliss of Berryville, died at his home at Winchester on November 25, and was of an old Frederick County family and for many years a farmer near Winchester.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E993" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-bayliss" ], "establishes": "That Joseph Bayliss of Berryville was named in 1923 as the brother of William Martin Bayliss.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his brother's obituary. His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C778", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that James F. Smith, father of Mrs. Annie Shiley of White Post, died at his home near Stephens City on December 2, and names her first among his five daughters.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E994" ], "entity_ids": [ "annie-shiley" ], "establishes": "That Annie Shiley of White Post was named in 1923 as a daughter of James F. Smith.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item prints her given name \"Abnie\" once and \"Annie\" once. Her father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C779", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1923 reports that Miss Mary Billmyre, daughter of John Billmyre of Gaylord, died at the Home for Incurables in Richmond, aged 43, and that her father survived her and lived at Gaylord.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E995" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-billmyre" ], "establishes": "That John Billmyre of Gaylord was named in 1923 as the father of Mary Billmyre.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's obituary, which prints the surname \"Billrayre\" and \"Blllmyre.\" His daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C780", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 13, 1921 reports that Custis Lewin and Miss Edith Hummer, of Millwood, were married on December 23 at the parsonage by Rev. F. M. Richardson, pastor of the Methodist Church, South, Winchester, and would make their home near Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E996" ], "entity_ids": [ "custis-lewin" ], "establishes": "That Custis Lewin married Edith Hummer on December 23, 1920, as reported on January 13, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where he was from. The marriage took place in Winchester, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. The marriage is recorded as a proposed relationship from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C781", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 13, 1921 reports that Custis Lewin and Miss Edith Hummer, of Millwood, were married on December 23 at the Methodist parsonage in Winchester, and would make their home near Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E997" ], "entity_ids": [ "edith-hummer" ], "establishes": "That Edith Hummer of Millwood married Custis Lewin on December 23, 1920, as reported on January 13, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints the surname \"Htfmmer\"; the headline gives \"Hummer.\" She is not linked to any other Hummer. The marriage is recorded as a proposed relationship from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C782", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 13, 1921 reprints from Richmond that Miss Maude Kennerly of White Post, daughter of the late Frank Kennerly and Mrs. Nannie L. Kennerly of Clarke County, and Thomas E. Blackwell, son of Mr. and Mrs. Moreau Blackwell of Reedville, Northumberland County, were quietly married at Monumental Church, Richmond, on the Wednesday afternoon before.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E998" ], "entity_ids": [ "maude-kennerly" ], "establishes": "That Maude Kennerly of White Post married Thomas E. Blackwell in Richmond, as reported on January 13, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her middle name (\"I-Ittlepage\") and prints the surname \"Kennorly\" once. The marriage took place in Richmond, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. Her parents and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C783", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921 reports that Miss Alice N. Grant of Martinsburg became the bride of Walter Hardesty of Berryville at the parsonage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Martinsburg. It says he was the son of O. J. Hardesty of near Berryville and a farmer, and that in the war he spent twenty-three months in service as a motor mechanic, ranking as sergeant, twenty of them in France.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E999", "E1000", "E783-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "walter-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Walter Hardesty, a farmer near Berryville and World War veteran, married Alice N. Grant at Martinsburg, as reported on February 24, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints the surname \"Haidesty\" once. The item does not date the wedding. It took place in West Virginia, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. His war service is as the item reports it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C784", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921 reports that Miss Alice N. Grant of Martinsburg, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. O. Grant, became the bride of Walter Hardesty of Berryville at the Methodist parsonage in Martinsburg.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1001", "E1002" ], "entity_ids": [ "alice-n-grant" ], "establishes": "That Alice N. Grant of Martinsburg married Walter Hardesty of Berryville, as reported on February 24, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cited passages do not say where the couple would live. The item does not date the wedding. The marriage is recorded as a proposed relationship from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C785", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 10, 1921 reports that George L. Ziler of Cumberland, Maryland, and Miss Edna E. Shewbridge of Berryville were married by Rev. W. H. Ballengee at the Methodist parsonage on Saturday, February 19, and left for Cumberland to make their home. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of George S. Ziler, 45, car repairer, of Cumberland, to Edna Elizabeth Shewbridge, 21, at Berryville on February 19, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1003", "E1004" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-l-ziler" ], "establishes": "That George L. Ziler of Cumberland married Edna E. Shewbridge at Berryville on February 19, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier gives his middle initial as \"L.\"; the register abstract gives \"S.\" Both readings are kept, and neither was checked against the page image or the original register. The register entry is cited, not merged into this record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C786", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 10, 1921 reports that Miss Edna E. Shewbridge of Berryville and George L. Ziler of Cumberland were married by Rev. W. H. Ballengee at the Methodist parsonage on February 19, and left for Cumberland. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Edna Elizabeth Shewbridge, 21, daughter of John and Emma E. Shewbridge, to George S. Ziler at Berryville on February 19, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1005", "E1006" ], "entity_ids": [ "edna-e-shewbridge" ], "establishes": "That Edna E. Shewbridge of Berryville married George L. Ziler on February 19, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier breaks the surname across a space. The register abstract's OCR prints her middle name \"Ehzabeth.\" The register entry is cited, not merged into this record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C787", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 31, 1921 reports that Mr. and Mrs. William T. Ramey announced the marriage of their daughter, Miss Fleda May Ramey, to LeRoy McNamara, a Jefferson County farmer, in Washington on Thursday, March 24, and that the couple would live near Halltown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1007" ], "entity_ids": [ "fleda-may-ramey" ], "establishes": "That Fleda May Ramey, daughter of William T. Ramey, married LeRoy McNamara in Washington on March 24, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR breaks her given name (\"Fle da\") and garbles the groom's initial. The marriage took place in Washington, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. Her parents and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C788", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 7, 1921 reports that Miss Josephine Holladay was married to Raleigh Colston Carter, one of the leading farmers of Clarke County, on the Tuesday afternoon before at \"Pond Quarter,\" the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. William Holladay, by Rev. Nathan Maynard of the Berryville Baptist Church. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Raleigh Colston Carter, 54, widower, farmer, of Berryville, to Josephine Holladay, 26, in Clarke County on April 5, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1008", "E1009" ], "entity_ids": [ "raleigh-colston-carter" ], "establishes": "That Raleigh Colston Carter, a Clarke County farmer, married Josephine Holladay on April 5, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier names the bride's father \"J. William Holladay\"; the register abstract gives \"William H.\" Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged. The bride has no record here, so no marriage relationship is recorded, and he is not linked to the released record of Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C789", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 14, 1921 reports from Boyce that Miss Margaretta Colston Carper, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Carper, became the bride of Capt. Charles Campbell MacLeod of Lynchburg in Emmanuel Chapel on Wednesday evening, July 6, and says he was awarded the French Croix de Guerre for bravery in action. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Charles Campbell MacLeod, 29, salesman, of Lynchburg, to Margaretta Colston Carper at Boyce on July 6, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1010", "E1011" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-campbell-macleod" ], "establishes": "That Charles Campbell MacLeod of Lynchburg married Margaretta Colston Carper at Boyce on July 6, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. His war decoration is as the Courier reports it and was not checked. The Courier calls him captain; the register abstract gives his occupation as salesman. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C790", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 14, 1921 reports that Miss Margaretta Colston Carper, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Carper, became the bride of Capt. Charles Campbell MacLeod of Lynchburg in Emmanuel Chapel, Boyce, on July 6. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for her marriage, aged 20, daughter of Julian L. and Minnie S. Carper, to Charles Campbell MacLeod at Boyce on July 6, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1012", "E1013" ], "entity_ids": [ "margaretta-colston-carper" ], "establishes": "That Margaretta Colston Carper of Boyce married Charles Campbell MacLeod on July 6, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The register entry is cited, not merged. Her parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C791", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 21, 1921 reports that Maurice F. Wisecarver of Berryville, a clothing merchant, and Miss Camille Capper, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E. Bruce Capper of Winchester, were married on the Tuesday evening before at the bride's home, and would be at home in Berryville after August 1.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1014" ], "entity_ids": [ "camille-capper" ], "establishes": "That Camille Capper of Winchester married Maurice F. Wisecarver of Berryville, as reported on July 21, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her middle name (\"Hrnec,\" \"nr lice\"), which is not given here. The marriage took place in Winchester, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. Her husband's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C792", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports from Millwood that Miss Lucy Meredith Ginn became the bride of Dr. Verne R. Mason, until recently a resident physician of Johns Hopkins Hospital, at noon on the Wednesday before in Christ Church, and that the couple would live in Los Angeles. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Verne Rheen Mason, 32, physician, of Los Angeles, on August 17, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the name, date and residence.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1015", "E1016" ], "entity_ids": [ "verne-r-mason" ], "establishes": "That Dr. Verne R. Mason married Lucy Meredith Ginn at Millwood, as reported on August 25, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The register entry's text for the bride and place is garbled in the OCR and appears run together with another entry, so only the groom's part is quoted. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C793", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports that Miss Lucy Meredith Ginn, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Ginn, formerly of Clarke County and then of Chester, Pennsylvania, became the bride of Dr. Verne R. Mason at Christ Church, Millwood. It says she was a graduate of the nurses' training school of the Union Protestant Infirmary in Baltimore and served as a Red Cross nurse in France during the World War.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1017", "E1018" ], "entity_ids": [ "lucy-meredith-ginn" ], "establishes": "That Lucy Meredith Ginn, a nurse who served in France, married Dr. Verne R. Mason at Millwood, as reported on August 25, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Her war service is as the item reports it. The register entry for the groom has the bride's part garbled, so it is not cited for her. The marriage and her uncle, Treadwell Gibson, are recorded as proposals from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C794", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports that after the wedding of Lucy Meredith Ginn and Dr. Verne R. Mason, the guests were entertained at a luncheon given by Mr. and Mrs. Treadwell Gibson, uncle and aunt of the bride, at their home near Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1019" ], "entity_ids": [ "treadwell-gibson" ], "establishes": "That Treadwell Gibson of near Millwood was named in 1921 as an uncle of Lucy Meredith Ginn.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this wedding report. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C795", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports that Miss Gretta Bee Wyndham, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Wyndham of Berryville, became the bride of Charles Leroy Isenberg of McConnellstown, Pennsylvania, at Robertsville, Ohio, on Thursday, August 18, and that she was an accomplished musician.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1020" ], "entity_ids": [ "gretta-bee-wyndham" ], "establishes": "That Gretta Bee Wyndham of Berryville married Charles Leroy Isenberg in Ohio on August 18, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints the surname \"WynAam\" once; the headline and the rest give \"Wyndham.\" The marriage took place in Ohio, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. Her parents and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C796", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 20, 1921 reports that Miss Nancy Goodwin Williams, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams of \"Airlee\" near Berryville, and Tom Lewis Peyton of Washington were married at Grace Episcopal Church by Rev. George S. Vest. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Tom Lewis Peyton to Nancy Goodwin Williams, 23, daughter of Goodwin H. and Anne H. Williams, at Berryville on October 15, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1021", "E1022" ], "entity_ids": [ "nancy-goodwin-williams" ], "establishes": "That Nancy Goodwin Williams married Tom Lewis Peyton at Berryville on October 15, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier dates the wedding only as \"last Saturday\"; the date is the register entry's. The register entry is cited, not merged. Her parents have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C797", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 20, 1921 reports that Miss Nancy Goodwin Williams and Tom Lewis Peyton of Washington were married at Grace Episcopal Church, Berryville. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Tom Lewis Peyton, 24, in real estate, of Washington, to Nancy Goodwin Williams at Berryville on October 15, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1023", "E1024" ], "entity_ids": [ "tom-lewis-peyton" ], "establishes": "That Tom Lewis Peyton of Washington married Nancy Goodwin Williams at Berryville on October 15, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The register abstract's OCR prints his mother's surname \"PcYTON.\" The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C798", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 10, 1921 reports that cards had been issued for the marriage of Charles J. Enders, son of Capt. and Mrs. John H. Enders, and Miss Willie Belle Colston, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Colston of near Boyce, celebrated quietly the afternoon before at the home of the bride. Its issue of November 17, 1921 reports that the couple surprised their friends by marrying on the Wednesday before at the First Baptist Church in Washington.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1025", "E1026" ], "entity_ids": [ "willie-belle-colston" ], "establishes": "That Willie Belle Colston, daughter of Frank P. Colston of near Boyce, married Charles J. Enders in November 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The two items disagree on where the wedding took place, the bride's home or a Washington church; both readings are kept. The OCR garbles her given name (\"Willie Hello,\" \"WU l.e Belle\") and the groom's surname in both. The marriage took place outside Clarke by the second item, and no register entry was found. The groom's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C799", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921 reports that Joseph Edward Ritter of Boyce and Miss Irene Pine, daughter of Thomas Pine of Millwood, were married the afternoon before at the Methodist parsonage by Rev. W. H. Ballengee, and would make their home at Boyce. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Jos. Edward Ritter, 22, section hand, of Boyce, son of John H. and Ida Ritter, to Irene Pyne at Berryville on November 30, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1027", "E1028" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-edward-ritter" ], "establishes": "That Joseph Edward Ritter of Boyce married Irene Pine on November 30, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier spells the bride's surname \"Pine\"; the register abstract gives \"Pyne.\" Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged. He is not linked to any other Ritter.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C800", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921 reports that Miss Irene Pine, daughter of Thomas Pine of Millwood, and Joseph Edward Ritter of Boyce were married the afternoon before at the Methodist parsonage. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Irene Pyne, 20, daughter of Thos. J. and Maude J. Pyne, to Jos. Edward Ritter at Berryville on November 30, 1921; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1029", "E1030" ], "entity_ids": [ "irene-pine" ], "establishes": "That Irene Pine of Millwood married Joseph Edward Ritter on November 30, 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier spells her surname \"Pine\"; the register abstract gives \"Pyne.\" Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C801", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921, reporting the marriage of Joseph Edward Ritter and Miss Irene Pine, names the bride as the daughter of Thomas Pine of Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1031" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-pine" ], "establishes": "That Thomas Pine of Millwood was named in 1921 as the father of Irene Pine.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's wedding notice, which prints a comma after \"Mr.\" The register abstract names the bride's father \"Thos. J. Pyne\"; that entry is not cited for him. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C802", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 5, 1922 reports that Mrs. Grace Eaton, daughter of Mrs. Wm. Shackleford of Berryville, was married to Wm. Legg of Washington in that city on Christmas Day, and that the couple were visiting the bride's mother.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1032" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-wm-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Wm. Shackleford of Berryville was named in 1922 as the mother of Grace Eaton.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her daughter's wedding notice, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C803", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports from Boyce that Miss Audrey Zombro, aged 16, and John Lanham, aged 20, both of Berryville, surprised their friends by going to Charles Town on Wednesday, February 1, where they were married by Rev. Mr. Swann, and that the bride is a daughter of the late T. L. Zombro.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1033" ], "entity_ids": [ "audrey-zombro" ], "establishes": "That Audrey Zombro of Berryville married John Lanham at Charles Town on February 1, 1922, aged 16.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints a stray mark in her name. The marriage took place in West Virginia, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. She is not linked to any other Zombro.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C804", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports that John Lanham, aged 20, and Miss Audrey Zombro, aged 16, both of Berryville, were married at Charles Town on February 1, and that the groom is the only son of Charles F. Lanham.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1034" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-lanham" ], "establishes": "That John Lanham of Berryville married Audrey Zombro at Charles Town on February 1, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The body prints his surname \"Lanhain.\" The marriage took place in West Virginia, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. The marriage is recorded as a proposed relationship from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C805", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports that Mrs. Mary Elliotte, widow of Charles Elliotte, and John Gore of White Post were quietly married at Hagerstown the Saturday before by Rev. T. J. Coffman, with her sister, Mrs. Wm. Mallory of Berryville, present.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1035" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-elliotte" ], "establishes": "That Mary Elliotte, widow of Charles Elliotte, married John Gore at Hagerstown, as reported on February 9, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not say where she lived before the marriage. It took place in Maryland, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. The marriage and her sister are recorded as proposals from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C806", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports that Mrs. Mary Elliotte and John Gore of White Post were quietly married at Hagerstown the Saturday before.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1036" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-gore" ], "establishes": "That John Gore of White Post married Mary Elliotte at Hagerstown, as reported on February 9, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives no age or occupation for him. The marriage took place in Maryland, so no Clarke register entry is looked for.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C807", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922 reports that Mrs. Wm. Mallory of Berryville, sister of the bride, witnessed the marriage of Mrs. Mary Elliotte and John Gore at Hagerstown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1037" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-wm-mallory" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Wm. Mallory of Berryville was named in 1922 as a sister of Mary Elliotte.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her sister's wedding notice, which gives her only by her husband's name and garbles the town. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C808", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922 names Miss Mable Barnett of Berryville among the survivors of her mother, Mrs. J. Edward Barnett. Its issue of May 4, 1922 reports that Miss Mable Barnett, daughter of J. E. Barnett, former chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, became the bride of Ambrose B. Hummer, a farmer and official of the Berryville Horse Show, at her father's home the day before. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Mabel J. Barnett, 38, daughter of J. E. and Lucy Barnett, to Ambrose B. Hummer at Berryville on May 3, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1038", "E1039", "E1040" ], "entity_ids": [ "mable-barnett" ], "establishes": "That Mable Barnett, daughter of J. E. Barnett, married Ambrose B. Hummer on May 3, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier spells her given name \"Mable\" and \"Mabel\"; the register abstract gives \"Mabel J.\" The register entry is cited, not merged. The groom's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded. The link to her mother's released record is a proposal resting on that obituary naming her.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C809", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922 reports that Judge William M. Struder of Millwood, for years a justice of the peace of Chapel District, became a bridegroom the Saturday afternoon before, marrying Miss Carrie Mae Zombro, 22, of Greencastle, Pennsylvania, at the Methodist Church parsonage. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Wm. M. Struder, 75, widower, apiarist, of Millwood, to Carrie Mae Zombro at Berryville on February 18, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, ages, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1041", "E1042" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-m-struder" ], "establishes": "That William M. Struder of Millwood, a former justice of the peace, married Carrie Mae Zombro at Berryville on February 18, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier prints the surname \"Strader\" once in the body and \"Struder\" in the headline and elsewhere; the register abstract gives \"Struder.\" The record is named from the majority reading, with the other kept as an alias. The item does not say whether he still held office. The register entry is cited, not merged. The bride has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C810", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 reports that Miss Stella Augusta Trenary and Carl L. Wellinger of Martinsburg were quietly married the Friday afternoon before at the home of the bride's uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Kercheval. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Carl L. Wellinger, 30, in mercantile business, of Martinsburg, to Stella Augusta Trenary at Berryville on February 24, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1043", "E1044" ], "entity_ids": [ "carl-l-wellinger" ], "establishes": "That Carl L. Wellinger of Martinsburg married Stella Augusta Trenary at Berryville on February 24, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier's OCR prints the surname \"WeUinger\" and \"Wolingor\"; the register abstract reads \"Wellinger.\" The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C811", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922 reports that Miss Stella Augusta Trenary and Carl L. Wellinger were married at the home of her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Kercheval, and that she is the daughter of the late A. B. Trenary and of Mrs. Augusta G. Trenary, who before her marriage was Miss Augusta Stolle of Berryville. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Stella Augusta Trenary, 27, of Martinsburg, to Carl L. Wellinger at Berryville on February 24, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1045", "E1046", "E1047" ], "entity_ids": [ "stella-augusta-trenary" ], "establishes": "That Stella Augusta Trenary married Carl L. Wellinger at Berryville on February 24, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier does not say where she lived; the register abstract gives Martinsburg. The OCR prints stray marks in her name. The register entry is cited, not merged. Her mother and uncle have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C812", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 30, 1922 reports that Mrs. Jaquelin Smith Powers of Berryville announced the engagement of her daughter, Miss Sophie Gieski Powers, to John Davidson Rhodes of Taplin, West Virginia. Its issue of April 27, 1922 reports that she was married to him at a home wedding the Saturday afternoon before, by Rev. George Vest, and that she is a granddaughter of the late Phillip M. Powers of \"Auburn.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1048", "E1049", "E1050" ], "entity_ids": [ "sophie-gieski-powers" ], "establishes": "That Sophie Gieski Powers of Berryville married John Davidson Rhodes, as reported on April 27, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The March item prints her middle name \"tiieske.\" No entry for the marriage was found in the OCR of Duncan's register abstract. Her mother's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no kinship with her is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C813", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 30, 1922 announces the engagement of Miss Sophie Gieski Powers to John Davidson Rhodes of Taplin, West Virginia. Its issue of April 27, 1922 reports their marriage at the bride's home the Saturday afternoon before, and says the groom is a son of Mrs. R. M. Rhodes of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and a mining engineer with headquarters at Gary, West Virginia.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1051", "E1052", "E1053" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-davidson-rhodes" ], "establishes": "That John Davidson Rhodes, a West Virginia mining engineer, married Sophie Gieski Powers, as reported on April 27, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The April item prints his middle name \"Davia s n\" and his town \"Cary\" as well as \"Gary\"; the March item names Taplin. No entry was found in the OCR of Duncan's register abstract.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C814", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Miss Virginia Gaunt, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Gaunt of Clarke County, became the bride of Cornelius H. Webster of Cumberland, Maryland, at the Baptist Church on Easter Monday, with Rev. Nathan Maynard officiating, and that her brother Wilbur Gaunt gave her away. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Adelaide Virginia Gaunt, 25, daughter of John and Adelaide Virginia Gaunt, to Cornelius H. Webster at Berryville on April 17, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1054", "E1055", "E1056" ], "entity_ids": [ "virginia-gaunt" ], "establishes": "That Virginia Gaunt, daughter of John Gaunt, married Cornelius H. Webster at Berryville on April 17, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier gives her name as \"Virginia Gaunt\"; the register abstract gives \"Adelaide Virginia.\" Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged. Her brother Wilbur Gaunt has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C815", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Miss Virginia Gaunt became the bride of Cornelius H. Webster of Cumberland, Maryland, at the Baptist Church on Easter Monday, and that he was in the wholesale confectionery business in Cumberland with his brother. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Cornelius H. Webster, 25, salesman, of Cumberland, to Adelaide Virginia Gaunt at Berryville on April 17, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1057", "E1058", "E1059" ], "entity_ids": [ "cornelius-h-webster" ], "establishes": "That Cornelius H. Webster of Cumberland married Virginia Gaunt at Berryville on April 17, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier describes his business; the register abstract gives his occupation as salesman. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C816", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Miss Virginia Gaunt, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Gaunt of Clarke County, became the bride of Cornelius H. Webster at the Baptist Church on Easter Monday.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1060" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-gaunt" ], "establishes": "That John Gaunt of Clarke County was named in 1922 as the father of Virginia Gaunt.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's wedding report. The register abstract names the bride's parents John and Adelaide Virginia Gaunt; that entry is not cited for him. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C817", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922, reporting the wedding at Glenarm, Maryland, of Miss Ira E. Painter, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ambrose C. Painter, formerly of Boyce, to George W. Joy of Baltimore, names Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Alger of Millwood among those present at the Painter home.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1061" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-e-l-alger" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. E. L. Alger of Millwood attended the Painter-Joy wedding at Glenarm, Maryland, as reported on April 20, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this item, which gives her only by her husband's initials and does not say how she was connected to the Painters. She is not linked to the released record of Ernest L. Alger.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C818", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 announces the wedding of Miss Rosa Woolfolk, daughter of Mrs. Eliza Turpin and granddaughter of the late Capt. William N. Nelson, to Richard P. Whiting, quietly performed at Westminster, Maryland, and says the couple would make their home near Millwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1062" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosa-woolfolk" ], "establishes": "That Rosa Woolfolk married Richard P. Whiting at Westminster, Maryland, as reported on April 27, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles her grandfather's title and given name. The marriage took place in Maryland, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. The groom's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded. She is not linked to Evelyn Turpin or any other Turpin.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C819", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 4, 1922 reports that Miss Mettie Levi, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Levi and one of the telephone operators of the Berryville exchange, was married to J. Perry Smith at the Methodist parsonage in Charles Town by Rev. Mr. Best, and that the groom is the son of Chief Smith.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1063" ], "entity_ids": [ "mettie-levi" ], "establishes": "That Mettie Levi, a Berryville telephone operator, married J. Perry Smith at Charles Town, as reported on May 4, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The cited passage does not date the wedding. It took place in West Virginia, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. Her parents and husband have no records here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C820", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 reports from Briggs that Miss Naomi Willingham, daughter of the late D. W. Willingham, was married at noon that day to Arthur Ashwood, son of S. M. Ashwood, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Royston, by Rev. L. F. Harper. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Arthur Ashwood, 21, farmer, of Boyce, son of Samuel M. and C. Virginia Ashwood, to Naomi Webster Willingham in Clarke County on May 31, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1064", "E1065" ], "entity_ids": [ "arthur-ashwood" ], "establishes": "That Arthur Ashwood married Naomi Willingham near Briggs on May 31, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier does not say where he lived; the register abstract gives Boyce. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C821", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 reports that Miss Naomi Willingham, daughter of the late D. W. Willingham of Clarke County, married Arthur Ashwood at the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Royston near Briggs on May 31. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Naomi Webster Willingham, 18, of Briggs, daughter of Daniel and Fannie Willingham, to Arthur Ashwood on May 31, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1066", "E1067" ], "entity_ids": [ "naomi-willingham" ], "establishes": "That Naomi Willingham of Briggs married Arthur Ashwood on May 31, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier gives her father as \"D. W. Willingham\"; the register abstract gives \"Daniel.\" Both readings are kept. The OCR prints a stray mark before her name. The register entry is cited, not merged. She is not linked to any other Willingham.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C822", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 reports from Briggs that Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood were married at the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Royston, near Briggs, in the parlor of the Royston home.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1068", "E1069" ], "entity_ids": [ "e-p-royston" ], "establishes": "That E. P. Royston of near Briggs kept the home where Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood were married in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this wedding report, which gives only his initials and does not say how he was related to the couple.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C823", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922, reporting the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood at the Royston home near Briggs, names Miss Dorothy Murphy of Berryville as maid of honor.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1070" ], "entity_ids": [ "dorothy-murphy" ], "establishes": "That Dorothy Murphy of Berryville was maid of honor at the Willingham-Ashwood wedding in May 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this report, which prints the surname \"Murpny.\" She is not linked to any other Murphy.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C824", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 8, 1922 reports that Miss Mary Denny, daughter of Mrs. Marietta Denny and the late James Richard Denny, and Winter Bushong Sowers, son of Clayton K. Sowers, an orchardist, were quietly married the morning before at Mrs. Denny's home on Main Street, and that the groom was an automobile mechanic at the Berryville Garage. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Winter Bushong Sowers, 29, mechanic, of Berryville, to Mary Foster Denny at Berryville on June 7, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1071", "E1072", "E1073" ], "entity_ids": [ "winter-bushong-sowers" ], "establishes": "That Winter Bushong Sowers, a Berryville Garage mechanic, married Mary Denny on June 7, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier names the bride \"Mary Denny\"; the register abstract gives \"Mary Foster.\" The register entry is cited, not merged. The bride has no record here, so no marriage relationship is recorded.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C825", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 15, 1922 reports from Millwood that Miss Evelyn Turpin, granddaughter of the late Capt. William N. Nelson, was married the afternoon before at Christ Episcopal Church to Sumner F. Dudley Walters of Montclair, New Jersey, by Rev. Charles Lee of Macon, Georgia, assisted by Rev. B. D. Chambers. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Evelyn Nelson Turpin, 23, of Millwood, daughter of Wm. C. and Evelyn Nelson Turpin, to Sumner Francis Dudley Walters at Millwood on June 14, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1074", "E1075", "E1076" ], "entity_ids": [ "evelyn-turpin" ], "establishes": "That Evelyn Turpin of Millwood married Sumner F. Dudley Walters on June 14, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier does not say where she lived; the register abstract gives Millwood. The register entry is cited, not merged. She is not linked to Rosa Woolfolk, though both are named granddaughters of Capt. Nelson.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C826", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 15, 1922 reports that Miss Evelyn Turpin was married to Sumner F. Dudley Walters of Montclair, New Jersey, at Christ Church, Millwood, the afternoon before. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Sumner Francis Dudley Walters, 24, a minister, of Lawrence, Kansas, born in Newark, New Jersey, to Evelyn Nelson Turpin at Millwood on June 14, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1077", "E1078", "E1079" ], "entity_ids": [ "sumner-f-dudley-walters" ], "establishes": "That Sumner F. Dudley Walters married Evelyn Turpin at Millwood on June 14, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier gives his home as Montclair, New Jersey (printed \"Mountclair\"); the register abstract gives his residence as Lawrence, Kansas. Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C827", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 22, 1922 reports that Miss Ellen McGill Baker, daughter of Henry William Baker, president of the First National Bank of Berryville, became the bride of Alfred Moss Kerfoot, son of Mrs. Minnie Moss Kerfoot and the late Dr. Henry D. Kerfoot, at Grace Episcopal Church the evening before. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Ellen McGill Baker, 29, daughter of H. W. and Emma W. Baker, to Alfred Moss Kerfoot at Berryville on June 21, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and place.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1080", "E1081" ], "entity_ids": [ "ellen-mcgill-baker" ], "establishes": "That Ellen McGill Baker, daughter of the president of the First National Bank of Berryville, married Alfred Moss Kerfoot on June 21, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The register entry is cited, not merged. The groom's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded. Her father has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C828", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 19, 1922 announces the marriage of Miss Willa Hough, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. B. R. Hough of Findlay, Ohio, and Broaddus Morris, son of F. H. Morris of Berryville, quietly celebrated at Cumberland, Maryland, on September 7. It says he was connected with his father's implement business, looking after the office, and that the couple would live in Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1082", "E1083" ], "entity_ids": [ "broaddus-morris" ], "establishes": "That Broaddus Morris of Berryville married Willa Hough at Cumberland on September 7, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The marriage took place in Maryland, so no Clarke register entry is looked for. The bride's register row is held as an unresolved identity, so no marriage relationship is recorded. His father has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C829", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 26, 1922 reports word from Washington of the marriage of Mrs. Sylvia DeBeck Lewis, who made her summer home in Berryville, to Richard Isreal of Washington. It says she owned the property that was formerly the home of the late Dr. Cyrus McCormick, was a native of Denmark, and that the couple would live in Washington.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1084" ], "entity_ids": [ "sylvia-debeck-lewis" ], "establishes": "That Sylvia DeBeck Lewis, a summer resident of Berryville, married Richard Isreal, as reported on October 26, 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item does not date or place the wedding, so no register entry is looked for. Her husband has no record here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C830", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 30, 1922 reports that William Johnson and Miss Elsie Marie Jenkins, both of Clarke County, were married at the Methodist parsonage by Rev. L. L. Lowance on Wednesday, November 2, 1922. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Wm. Orlan Johnson, 25, farming, of Berryville, to Elsie Marie Jenkins at Berryville, dated November 22, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1085", "E1086" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-johnson" ], "establishes": "That William Johnson of Clarke County married Elsie Marie Jenkins at the Methodist parsonage in November 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier dates the wedding November 2, 1922, a Wednesday; the register abstract dates it November 22, 1922, also a Wednesday. Both dates are kept, and neither was checked against the page image or the original register. The Courier's OCR garbles his middle name. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C831", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 30, 1922 reports that William Johnson and Miss Elsie Marie Jenkins, both of Clarke County, were married at the Methodist parsonage by Rev. L. L. Lowance on November 2, 1922. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Elsie Marie Jenkins, 18, of Berryville, daughter of Clarence and Naomi Jenkins, to Wm. Orlan Johnson, dated November 22, 1922; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1087", "E1088" ], "entity_ids": [ "elsie-marie-jenkins" ], "establishes": "That Elsie Marie Jenkins of Clarke County married William Johnson in November 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier and the register abstract give different days, November 2 and November 22; both are kept. The OCR prints a stray mark in her name. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C832", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 10, 1923 reports that Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wright of West Main Street were receiving congratulations on the arrival of a daughter on Sunday, May 6. Its issue of September 13, 1923 reports that Miss Irene Wright, daughter of Arthur Wright of Berryville, and Edwin L. Yancey of Washington were married at the bride's home on September 4. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Irene Wright, 19, daughter of Arthur Wright and Margaret Carroll, to Edwin Lynwood Yancey at Berryville on September 4, 1923; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1089", "E1090", "E1091" ], "entity_ids": [ "arthur-wright" ], "establishes": "That Arthur Wright of Berryville was named in 1923 as the father of Irene Wright, married on September 4, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the May personal item as the same man rests on the matching name in Berryville. The infant daughter is not named. His daughter Irene has no record here, so no kinship record is made. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C833", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 14, 1923 reports that Miss Mary M. Shepherd became the bride of Earl Ray Smallwood, son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Smallwood of Boyce, at the residence of Rev. Julius D. Russell at Millwood on June 6.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1092", "E1093" ], "entity_ids": [ "elmer-smallwood" ], "establishes": "That Elmer Smallwood of Boyce was named in 1923 as the father of Earl Ray Smallwood.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's wedding report. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made. He is not linked to any other Smallwood.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C834", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 14, 1923 reports that Miss Mary M. Shepherd became the bride of Earl Ray Smallwood, son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Smallwood of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1094" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-elmer-smallwood" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Elmer Smallwood of Boyce was named in 1923 as the mother of Earl Ray Smallwood.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's wedding report, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C835", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 14, 1923 reports that Miss Mary Magdalene Shepherd, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Shepherd of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood, became the bride of Earl Ray Smallwood at Millwood on June 6.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1095", "E1096" ], "entity_ids": [ "thos-shepherd" ], "establishes": "That Thos. Shepherd of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood was named in 1923 as the father of Mary M. Shepherd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's wedding report, which prints his given name abbreviated and breaks the surname across the passage. His daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C836", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 14, 1923 reports that Miss Mary Magdalene Shepherd, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Shepherd of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood, became the bride of Earl Ray Smallwood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1097", "E1098" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-thos-shepherd" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Thos. Shepherd of the Morgan's Mill neighborhood was named in 1923 as the mother of Mary M. Shepherd.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her daughter's wedding report, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C837", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the wedding of Miss Virginia Chrismore of Winchester and Ernest Locke of Berryville at the bride's home on June 21, names B. W. Vorous among those attending the ceremony from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1099", "E1100" ], "entity_ids": [ "b-w-vorous" ], "establishes": "That B. W. Vorous of Berryville attended the Locke-Chrismore wedding in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list, which gives only his initials. He is not linked to any other Vorous.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C838", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the wedding of Miss Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke of Berryville on June 21, names Chas. Galloway among those attending the ceremony from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1101", "E1102" ], "entity_ids": [ "chas-galloway" ], "establishes": "That Chas. Galloway of Berryville attended the Locke-Chrismore wedding in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list, which prints his given name abbreviated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C839", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the wedding of Miss Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke of Berryville on June 21, names Mr. and Mrs. M. F. Wisecarver among those attending the ceremony from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1103", "E1104" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-m-f-wisecarver" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. M. F. Wisecarver of Berryville attended the Locke-Chrismore wedding in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this guest list, which gives her only by her husband's initials. She is not linked to any other Wisecarver.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C840", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923, reporting the wedding of Miss Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke of Berryville on June 21, names Thos. Elsea among those attending the ceremony from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1105", "E1106" ], "entity_ids": [ "thos-elsea" ], "establishes": "That Thos. Elsea of Berryville attended the Locke-Chrismore wedding in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list, whose OCR prints the surname \"Klsea.\"", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C841", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 23, 1923 reports that Harry J. Symons and Miss Sarah U. Starkey, both of Charles Town, were married at the parsonage of the Methodist Church at Frederick, and that the bride is the daughter of Joseph Starkey, a well-known farmer of near Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1107" ], "entity_ids": [ "joseph-starkey" ], "establishes": "That Joseph Starkey, a farmer near Berryville, was named in 1923 as the father of Sarah U. Starkey.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's wedding notice. His daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made. He is not linked to William J. Starkey or any other Starkey.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C842", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 18, 1923 reports that Miss Evelyn E. Wisecarver, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Wisecarver of Winchester, and Cassell C. Kercheval, son of J. W. Kercheval of Berryville, were united in marriage by Rev. Nathan Maynard of the Baptist Church.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1108" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-w-kercheval" ], "establishes": "That J. W. Kercheval of Berryville was named in 1923 as the father of Cassell C. Kercheval.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his son's wedding notice, which gives only his initials and prints the son's surname \"Kercheral.\" His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C843", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 15, 1923 reports that Mrs. Maria Peters and Thomas A. Jones were married at the Presbyterian manse in Hagerstown on November 10, and names Bernard Jones of Berryville among the other members of the wedding party.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1109" ], "entity_ids": [ "bernard-jones" ], "establishes": "That Bernard Jones of Berryville was in the wedding party at the Peters-Jones marriage in November 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints his given name \"Ber rard.\" The item does not say how he was related to the groom. He is not linked to M. W. Jones or any other Jones.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C844", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 6, 1923 reports that Miss Cornelia Ware and John Anker, both of Washington, were married at the home of the bride's cousin at White Plains, New York, on November 27, and that Mrs. Anker is the daughter of Rev. Sigismund S. Ware of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1110" ], "entity_ids": [ "sigismund-s-ware" ], "establishes": "That Rev. Sigismund S. Ware of Berryville was named in 1923 as the father of Cornelia Ware Anker.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from his daughter's wedding notice, which does not name his church. His daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C845", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that Lennis Brown of Milldale and Miss Effie Butler of White Post were married at the Methodist parsonage on Saturday, December 8, by Rev. L. L. Lowance, and that the bride is a sister of Mrs. Alma R. Owens of Berryville. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Effie Butler, 18, of White Post, daughter of W. J. and L. C. Butler, to Linnis Brown at Berryville on December 8, 1923; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1111", "E1112" ], "entity_ids": [ "effie-butler" ], "establishes": "That Effie Butler of White Post married Lennis Brown on December 8, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The register entry is cited, not merged. The marriage and her sister are recorded as proposals from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C846", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that Lennis Brown of Milldale and Miss Effie Butler of White Post were married at the Methodist parsonage on December 8 by Rev. L. L. Lowance. Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County marriage register has an entry for the marriage of Linnis Brown, 20, farmer, of Milldale, son of W. B. and Hattie Brown, to Effie Butler at Berryville on December 8, 1923; that it records this marriage is a proposal resting on the names, date and officiant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1113", "E1114" ], "entity_ids": [ "lennis-brown" ], "establishes": "That Lennis Brown of Milldale married Effie Butler on December 8, 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The Courier spells his given name \"Lennis\"; the register abstract gives \"Linnis.\" Both readings are kept. The register entry is cited, not merged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C847", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923, reporting the marriage of Lennis Brown and Miss Effie Butler of White Post, says the bride is a sister of Mrs. Alma R. Owens of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1115" ], "entity_ids": [ "alma-r-owens" ], "establishes": "That Alma R. Owens of Berryville was named in 1923 as a sister of Effie Butler.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her sister's wedding notice. The kinship is recorded as a proposal from this notice.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C848", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 3, 1921, in its Minnie Wood letter, reports that Mrs. J. M. Rutherford, Miss Madeline Hook of Martinsburg and Miss Eva Lee of Boyce were guests at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Emmart on Sunday.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1116" ], "entity_ids": [ "eva-lee" ], "establishes": "That Eva Lee of Boyce was a Sunday guest of the Emmarts in the Minnie Wood section in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this one line. She is not linked to any other Lee.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C849", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 10, 1921, reporting the death in New York of the patent attorney William B. Crisp, says he married Miss Mary N. Vandeventer, daughter of Mrs. James Vandeventer of Berryville and sister of C. Vandeventer, cashier of the Boyce State Bank, and of Morgan Vandeventer of Baltimore.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1117" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-james-vandeventer" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. James Vandeventer of Berryville was named in 1921 as the mother of Mary N. Vandeventer Crisp.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son-in-law's death report, which gives her only by her husband's name. Her children have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C850", "text": "The Clarke Courier's Minnie Wood letter of February 17, 1921 reports that Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer of White Post visited the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer. Its letter of May 12, 1921 reports that Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer and family spent Sunday with their son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer of Boyce.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1118", "E1119" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-lloyd-dofflemyer" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer was named in 1921 as the daughter-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The February item places the couple at White Post and the May item at Boyce; both are kept. She is given only by her husband's name. Her husband and his parents have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C851", "text": "The Clarke Courier's Minnie Wood letter of April 7, 1921 reports that Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer and family spent Easter with their daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Pyles of Boyce. Its letter of July 7, 1921 reports that Mr. and Mrs. Roy Pyles of Boyce spent Saturday night and Sunday with the latter's parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1120", "E1121" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-roy-pyles" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Roy Pyles of Boyce was named in 1921 as a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The April print has \"Rov\" for \"Roy.\" She is given only by her husband's name. Her parents have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C852", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 5, 1921 reports that during the previous Friday's hailstorm lightning struck the northwest corner of the home of J. W. Barringer on East Main Street, about five feet from Mrs. Barringer's head, and that Mr. Barringer, sitting on the front porch, was dazed but uninjured, though the bolt stopped his watch.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1122" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-w-barringer" ], "establishes": "That the East Main Street house of J. W. Barringer was struck by lightning in 1921 without injury to him.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this report, which gives only his initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C853", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 5, 1921, reprinting a report from The State of Columbia, South Carolina, of the marriage of Miss Catherine Monteith to E. M. Briggs, proprietor of Briggs' cafe, says the groom is a son of Mr. and Mrs. I. K. Briggs of Clarke County and was born and raised there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1123" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-i-k-briggs" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. I. K. Briggs of Clarke County was named in 1921 as the mother of Edgar M. Briggs.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from her son's wedding report, which gives her only by her husband's initials. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made. She is not linked to any other Briggs record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C854", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 19, 1921 reports among its local items that Miss Rose Moreland purchased the old Moreland home on Rice Street when it was sold at public auction.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1124" ], "entity_ids": [ "rose-moreland" ], "establishes": "That Rose Moreland bought the old Moreland home on Rice Street at auction in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this one line, which gives no price and does not say how she was related to the earlier owners.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C855", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 19, 1921 reports that Miss Alice Lee Hansucker of Shepherdstown, niece of Mrs. Frank Galloway of Castleman's Ferry, and Leonard H. Bell of Berryville were quietly married at the M. E. Church South parsonage at Shepherdstown.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1125" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-frank-galloway" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Frank Galloway of Castleman's Ferry was named in 1921 as the aunt of Alice Lee Hansucker.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Castletnan's\" and garbles later mentions of her. She is given only by her husband's name. Her niece has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C856", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 reports that D. D. Brown, who had recently bought the T. Eddy Brown building on Church Street, would put a glass front in it for his grocery store and butcher shop. Its issue of August 25, 1921 reports the death at Millwood of Mrs. Mary V. Brown, mother of R. C. Brown and D. D. Brown of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1126", "E1127" ], "entity_ids": [ "d-d-brown" ], "establishes": "That D. D. Brown of Berryville kept a grocery and butcher shop on Church Street in 1921 and was named as a son of Mary V. Brown.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The June item prints his initials \"1). D.\" Reading the two items as the same man rests on the matching initials in Berryville. His mother is recorded as a proposal from her obituary.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C857", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 reports a visit from Kidder Meade, a New York newspaperman, who was at the home of his father, Key Meade, near Boyce, recuperating from a breakdown suffered in the Battle of the Argonne Forest.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1128" ], "entity_ids": [ "key-meade" ], "establishes": "That Key Meade of near Boyce was named in 1921 as the father of Kidder Meade.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this item about his son. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made. He is not linked to any other Meade.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C858", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921, in the obituary of Fenton P. Whiting, says he married Miss Maude Lewis in 1891, a sister of Commonwealth's Attorney William Travers Lewis, of R. J. Lewis and C. C. Lewis, and of Mrs. Samuel McCormick, of Berryville. Its issue of August 11, 1921 quotes Conrad C. Lewis, for years in the U. S. Fishery Service and stationed nearly twenty years at Wytheville, on having known Senator E. Lee Trinkle since boyhood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1129", "E1130" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-c-lewis" ], "establishes": "That C. C. Lewis was named in 1921 as a brother of Maude Lewis Whiting and W. T. Lewis.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Reading the August Conrad C. Lewis as the same man rests on the matching name and initials; the August item does not name his family. The obituary's \"of Berryville\" may apply to all the siblings or only the last. No kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C859", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921 reports the marriage of Miss Bertha T. Hefner of Washington to Charles A. Blake, formerly of Berryville, on June 1, and says the groom is a son of Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Blake of Berryville and was the star athlete of the Berryville High School the year before.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1131" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-c-h-blake" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. C. H. Blake of Berryville was named in 1921 as the mother of Charles A. Blake.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR drops the period after \"Mrs.\" She is given only by her husband's initials. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C860", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921, in local items on new building in Berryville, reports that the foundation for the new house of Mr. and Mrs. James Feltner on South Church Street was completed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1132" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-feltner" ], "establishes": "That James Feltner was building a house on South Church Street, Berryville, in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Janies.\" He is known here only from this one line.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C861", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 18, 1921 reports among its personal items that J. Allen Wheat of Charlottesville was visiting his mother, Mrs. Florence Wheat, near Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1133" ], "entity_ids": [ "florence-wheat" ], "establishes": "That Florence Wheat of near Berryville was named in 1921 as the mother of J. Allen Wheat.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Mrs.!\" She is known here only from this one line. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C862", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921, reporting the marriage of Miss Gretta Bee Wyndham of Berryville and Charles Leroy Isenberg at Robertsville, Ohio, says the couple were accompanied to Robertsville by Miss Cosie Byrd Wyndham of Berryville, the bride's only attendant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1134" ], "entity_ids": [ "cosie-byrd-wyndham" ], "establishes": "That Cosie Byrd Wyndham of Berryville was the only attendant at the Wyndham-Isenberg wedding in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints a stray apostrophe before the surname. The item does not say how she was related to the bride, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C863", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 25, 1921 reports among its personal items that John Coleman and Miss Helen Semerean of Eccles, West Virginia, who had been visiting his brother W. G. Coleman of Berryville, left on Friday with his mother to visit his brother A. B. Coleman of Westminster, Maryland.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1135" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-g-coleman" ], "establishes": "That W. G. Coleman of Berryville was named in 1921 as a brother of John Coleman and A. B. Coleman.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR drops the period after \"G.\" His brothers have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C864", "text": "The Clarke Courier's Minnie Wood letter of September 15, 1921 reports that Miss Estelle Rutherford of White Post was visiting relatives in the section for several days. Its letter of December 15, 1921 reports that she spent a few days at the home of her grandfather, J. C. Rutherford.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1136", "E1137" ], "entity_ids": [ "estelle-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Estelle Rutherford of White Post was named in 1921 as a granddaughter of J. C. Rutherford.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Her grandfather has no record here, so no kinship record is made. She is not linked to any other Rutherford.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C865", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1921 reports that C. H. Young, the local butcher, had become a firm believer in inoculating hogs against cholera: when cholera reached the hogs on the Young Bros. farm in the Wickliffe neighborhood he inoculated them, the sick ones did not recover and the well ones escaped, and as a test he put an inoculated gilt from his home in Berryville in with the infected hogs, and it stayed well.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1138" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-h-young" ], "establishes": "That C. H. Young, a Berryville butcher, reported his test of hog-cholera inoculation in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The report gives his own account of the test, not a finding.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C866", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1921 reports that Charles A. Lanham of Boyce claimed the championship for killing rabbits that year: 73 on the opening day of the season and 115 so far, his first day's bag being shipped to Philadelphia through Spates and Feagan's store at Briggs.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1139" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-a-lanham" ], "establishes": "That Charles A. Lanham of Boyce claimed the county rabbit-killing championship in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The figures are his claim as reported. The OCR breaks the surname across a line and garbles it in the headline.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C867", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1921 reports that J. C. Erb, who lived north of Berryville, came to the Courier office and advertised the posting of his land, saying the carelessness of some hunters compelled him to, since the year before a steer and a sheep had been shot on his farm.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1140" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-c-erb" ], "establishes": "That J. C. Erb of north of Berryville posted his land against hunters in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The losses are given in his own words as quoted. He is known here only from this item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C868", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1921, reporting the Virginia Game and Fisheries Commission's figures for game killed in Clarke, names L. J. Foley of Berryville among the huntsmen who supplied the information for the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1141" ], "entity_ids": [ "l-j-foley" ], "establishes": "That L. J. Foley of Berryville supplied game figures for Clarke to the Game Commissioner in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the place \"Berry villa.\" He is known here only from this list, which gives only his initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C869", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1921, reporting the Virginia Game and Fisheries Commission's figures for game killed in Clarke, names H. W. Kerfoot of Berryville among the huntsmen who supplied the information for the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1142" ], "entity_ids": [ "h-w-kerfoot" ], "establishes": "That H. W. Kerfoot of Berryville supplied game figures for Clarke to the Game Commissioner in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints the surname \"Kdrfoot,\" read here as Kerfoot, the same K-for-E slip the OCR makes elsewhere. He is known here only from this list and is not linked to any other Kerfoot.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C870", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1921, reporting the Virginia Game and Fisheries Commission's figures for game killed in Clarke, names W. A. Dearmont of White Post among the huntsmen who supplied the information for the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1143" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-a-dearmont" ], "establishes": "That W. A. Dearmont of White Post supplied game figures for Clarke to the Game Commissioner in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this list, which gives only his initials. He is not linked to Earnest Dearmont of White Post.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C871", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1921, reporting the Virginia Game and Fisheries Commission's figures for game killed in Clarke, names W. O. Wisecarver of Berryville among the huntsmen who supplied the information for the county.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1144" ], "entity_ids": [ "w-o-wisecarver" ], "establishes": "That W. O. Wisecarver of Berryville supplied game figures for Clarke to the Game Commissioner in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR splits the surname across a line and garbles the place. He is known here only from this list and is not linked to any other Wisecarver.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C872", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921, reprinting from the Charles Town Spirit the obituary of Jacob H. Dutterer, a farmer and fruit grower of Jefferson County, West Virginia, names among his surviving brothers William F. Dutterer of Clarke County, and its headline calls the dead man a brother of Wm. Dutterer of Clarke.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1145" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-f-dutterer" ], "establishes": "That William F. Dutterer of Clarke County was named in 1921 as a brother of Jacob H. Dutterer.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR splits his given name (\"Wil Ham\"). His brother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C873", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 22, 1921 reports the wedding at \"Delbrook,\" Riverton, of Miss Jean McNeill Carson, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Carson, and Percy Charrington Randolph, son of the late William F. Randolph and of Mrs. Rosa Randolph of Clarke County.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1146" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosa-randolph" ], "establishes": "That Rosa Randolph of Clarke County was named in 1921 as the mother of Percy Charrington Randolph.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints the groom as \"Percy Charrington Randolph\" and his late father as \"William F. Randolph\", and prints \"Mrs\" without a period; an earlier OCR text had read \"Carrington\" and \"William P.\" Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C874", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922, in its White Post news, reports that Miss Louisa Glass of Berryville was visiting her cousin at White Post.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1147" ], "entity_ids": [ "louisa-glass" ], "establishes": "That Louisa Glass of Berryville was visiting a cousin at White Post in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR garbles the cousin's name, so it is not given. She is known here only from this one line.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C875", "text": "The Clarke Courier's Minnie Wood letter of June 15, 1922 reports that Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rutherford of White Post visited the home of John Rutherford. Its letter of August 31, 1922 reports that Miss Estelle Rutherford, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rutherford of White Post, was improving after having her tonsils removed. Its notes of September 20, 1923 report that Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rutherford spent Sunday with the former's sisters, the Misses Mary and Minnie Rutherford.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1148", "E1149", "E1150" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-c-a-rutherford" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. C. A. Rutherford of White Post was named in 1922 as the mother of Estelle Rutherford.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's initials. An April 1922 item naming a Mr. and Mrs. \"L. A.\" Rutherford of White Post is not cited, since reading it as C. A. would be a guess. Her daughter is recorded as a proposal.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C876", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 27, 1922 reports that Miss Katerine Pulliam, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam of Berryville, a trained nurse, was at the Willard Hotel with a patient critically ill with pneumonia when its top floors burned, that she and her patient were the last down the elevator, and that she was at her parents' home for a short visit.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1151" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-m-b-pulliam" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. M. B. Pulliam of Berryville was named in 1922 as the mother of Katerine Pulliam.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's initials. Her daughter has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C877", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 11, 1922 reports that a fire of unknown origin razed the Gardner building at White Post, occupied by its owner Mrs. C. M. Gardner as a residence and by W. M. Snell as a general store; that her loss was $5,000 with $3,000 insurance; that she and her family of eight children got out with only the clothes they wore; and that paintings owned by her son-in-law A. P. Barnhart were destroyed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1152" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-c-m-gardner" ], "establishes": "That the White Post building of Mrs. C. M. Gardner burned in May 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's initials. The figures are as reported. Her son-in-law has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C878", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 11, 1922, reporting the fire that destroyed the Gardner building at White Post, says the Boyce fire engine saved the house and outbuildings of Mrs. Turner Ashby, who lived next door.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1153" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-turner-ashby" ], "establishes": "That the White Post house of Mrs. Turner Ashby was saved from the 1922 Gardner building fire.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this report, which gives her only by her husband's name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C879", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922 prints a letter to the editor, headed as a call for a Carnegie hero medal, about James Frank Moore, known as \"Jim,\" an old Confederate soldier who came into the courthouse from his home in the Blue Ridge, said he had not had money enough to go to the veterans' reunion at Richmond, and who, the headline says, risked his life to save his brother after the brother fell from a horse and broke a leg in the Shenandoah River.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1154", "E879-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-frank-moore" ], "establishes": "That James Frank Moore, a Confederate veteran of the Blue Ridge, was the subject of a 1922 letter praising a river rescue.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The rescue is told in the headline and in the writer's account; the passage breaks off before his own telling. The letter writer is not named in the passage. His brother is not named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C880", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 24, 1922, reporting the Pierce family reunion at \"Fountain Head,\" the old home of A. Newton Pierce, says that J. Vance Pierce of Winchester, a great-uncle, and Mrs. Lydia R. Hardesty of Berryville, a great-aunt, were also present.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1155" ], "entity_ids": [ "lydia-r-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Lydia R. Hardesty of Berryville attended the 1922 Pierce family reunion as a great-aunt.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The report does not say whose great-aunt she was. Her given name breaks across a line. She is not linked to any other Hardesty.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C881", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922 reports among its personal items that Mr. and Mrs. Turner Huff and Miss Edith Lloyd of Berryville were visiting Mr. and Mrs. Amos Huff near Upperville and attending the Loudoun Camp Meeting.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1156" ], "entity_ids": [ "edith-lloyd" ], "establishes": "That Edith Lloyd of Berryville was at the Loudoun Camp Meeting in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Kdith.\" She is known here only from this one line and is not linked to any other Lloyd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C882", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 25, 1923, on the death of Maggie Higgins Smith, who served the Gilpin family for over thirty-one years, says she was nurse to the three children, Donald N. Gilpin of Baltimore, Kenneth N. Gilpin and Mrs. L. M. Allen of Clarke County, and afterwards personal maid to Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin. Its issue of October 4, 1923 reports that Dr. and Mrs. L. M. Allen of Clarke County would move to Winchester at the end of October, where Dr. Allen would take up his practice again.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1157", "E1158" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-l-m-allen" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. L. M. Allen of Clarke County was named in 1923 among the children of the Gilpin household, and was to move to Winchester that fall.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's initials. Reading the two items as the same woman rests on the name in Clarke County. No kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C883", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 1, 1923 reports that Capt. and Mrs. Jacob Warden celebrated their fifty-fifth wedding anniversary at \"Claremont,\" north of Berryville, with only the family present: Mr. and Mrs. George W. Atkinson and Harry C. Warden of Berryville, and Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Parkins of Fort Defiance. Its issue of March 22, 1923 names Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Atkinson among the guests from Berryville at the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1159", "E1160" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-w-atkinson" ], "establishes": "That George W. Atkinson of Berryville was among the family at the Wardens' anniversary in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The February item prints his surname \"Atkin son\" and does not say how he was related to the Wardens. That the \"Geo. Atkinson\" of the March guest list is he rests on the name. No kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C884", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 15, 1923, reporting that James Hay Jr., son of former Congressman James Hay and an author, was seriously ill, says his grandfather lived near White Post on the farm then owned by Wise Sowers, where his father was born.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1161" ], "entity_ids": [ "wise-sowers" ], "establishes": "That Wise Sowers owned a farm near White Post in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this one line, which does not name the farm. He is not linked to any other Sowers.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C885", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Miss Dorothy Louise Moore among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1162", "E1163" ], "entity_ids": [ "dorothy-louise-moore" ], "establishes": "That Dorothy Louise Moore of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this guest list and is not linked to any other Moore.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C886", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Jos. Harris among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1164", "E1165" ], "entity_ids": [ "jos-harris" ], "establishes": "That Jos. Harris of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list, which prints his given name abbreviated. He is not linked to any other Harris.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C887", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Miss Mary Miller among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1166", "E1167" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-miller" ], "establishes": "That Mary Miller of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this guest list and is not linked to any other Miller.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C888", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Mr. and Mrs. Noble Pierce among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1168", "E1169" ], "entity_ids": [ "noble-pierce" ], "establishes": "That Noble Pierce of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list. No record joins him to Mrs. Noble Pierce, and he is not linked to any other Pierce.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C889", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Mr. and Mrs. Noble Pierce among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1170", "E1171" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-noble-pierce" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Noble Pierce of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this guest list, which gives her only by her husband's name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C890", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Triplett Hardesty among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1172", "E1173" ], "entity_ids": [ "triplett-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Triplett Hardesty of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list and is not linked to any other Hardesty.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C891", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 22, 1923, reporting the celebration of the twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers at \"Soldier's Retreat,\" their home in the northern part of Clarke, names Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Gaunt among the guests from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1174", "E1175" ], "entity_ids": [ "wilbur-gaunt" ], "establishes": "That Wilbur Gaunt of Berryville attended the Withers silver wedding in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this guest list and is not linked to any other Gaunt.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C892", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 12, 1923, in a report on a Mr. Spealman's search for a pistol taken from his family in the Civil War, quotes what Mr. Spealman told Roy Whitaker, son of T. W. Whitaker of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1176" ], "entity_ids": [ "t-w-whitaker" ], "establishes": "That T. W. Whitaker of Berryville was named in 1923 as the father of Roy Whitaker.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only as named in this report, which gives only his initials. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C893", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923 reports that the silver cup offered in the Corinthian class at the Berryville Horse Show by Mrs. Carter Mullikin Lockwood, in honor of her father Charles Mullikin, who had done much for the show before his death, was won by Gaylord, shown by Troop F, 3rd Cavalry. Its issue of September 20, 1923, in the obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon of \"Red Gate,\" names Mrs. Carter Mullikin Lockwood of Berryville among her six grandchildren.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1177", "E1178" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-mullikin-lockwood" ], "establishes": "That Carter Mullikin Lockwood of Berryville gave a Horse Show cup in memory of her father in 1923 and was named as a granddaughter of Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The September item prints her middle name \"Mutllkin.\" Her father and grandmother have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C894", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 1, 1923 reports a dance given by Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth N. Gilpin of \"Kentmere\" at \"Scaleby Manor,\" the home of Mr. Gilpin's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Brooke Gilpin of Boyce, with about 150 guests from Clarke and many more from Winchester and elsewhere.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1179" ], "entity_ids": [ "henry-brooke-gilpin" ], "establishes": "That Henry Brooke Gilpin of Boyce was named in 1923 as the owner of \"Scaleby Manor\" and father of Kenneth N. Gilpin.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. His son has no record here, so no kinship record is made. The guest figures are as reported.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C895", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 8, 1923, in Jefferson County news credited to the Farmers Advocate, reports that Mrs. Nannie Levi of Clarke County took up her duties as housekeeper at the Charles Town Hospital on November 1, having filled the position temporarily the winter before.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1180" ], "entity_ids": [ "nannie-levi" ], "establishes": "That Nannie Levi of Clarke County became housekeeper of the Charles Town Hospital in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this one item and is not linked to any other Levi.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C896", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 15, 1923 reports among its personal items that J. R. Strode of Boyce was a visitor to Berryville on Monday.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1181" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-r-strode" ], "establishes": "That J. R. Strode of Boyce visited Berryville in November 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this one line, which gives only his initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C897", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 29, 1923 reports among its personal items that Charles A. Moore of Boyce was a visitor to Berryville that week.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1182" ], "entity_ids": [ "charles-a-moore" ], "establishes": "That Charles A. Moore of Boyce visited Berryville in November 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this one line. He is not linked to any other Moore.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C898", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1923 reports that P. C. Randolph of Millwood, one of the county's most successful poultrymen, had been making experiments with Wyandottes in comparison with White Leghorns.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1183" ], "entity_ids": [ "p-c-randolph" ], "establishes": "That P. C. Randolph of Millwood was a poultryman testing Wyandottes against White Leghorns in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline prints his initials \"P. G.\"; the text gives \"P. C.\" He is not linked to Percy Carrington Randolph or any other Randolph, since the item gives only initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C899", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 names Malvin Longerbeam among the seven graduates of Berryville High School at the close of the 1920-21 session, and reports that he delivered the \"Key Oration,\" presenting a large gilded key, which he called the key of knowledge, to the junior class.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1184", "E1185" ], "entity_ids": [ "malvin-longerbeam" ], "establishes": "That Malvin Longerbeam graduated from Berryville High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this report. The class prophecy's forecasts for him are not treated as fact.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C900", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 names Miss Alice Mesmer among the seven graduates of Berryville High School and reports that she delivered the \"Class Will\" at the closing exercises.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1186", "E1187" ], "entity_ids": [ "alice-mesmer" ], "establishes": "That Alice Mesmer graduated from Berryville High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The list of graduates prints the surname \"Mcsmer.\" She is not linked to William H. Mesmer or any other Mesmer.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C901", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 names Miss Louise Ramsburg among the seven graduates of Berryville High School and reports that she gave the \"Presentations,\" presenting each member of the class with a token of their character.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1188", "E1189" ], "entity_ids": [ "louise-ramsburg" ], "establishes": "That Louise Ramsburg graduated from Berryville High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Rnmsburg\" in the list and the program, and \"Ramsburg\" in the account of the prophecy.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C902", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 names Miss Marion Levi among the seven graduates of Berryville High School, reports that a fraction of a point separated her from the second-ranked graduate for first honors, and says she delivered the valedictory.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1190", "E1191" ], "entity_ids": [ "marion-levi" ], "establishes": "That Marion Levi graduated first in the Berryville High School class of 1921 and gave the valedictory.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"I.evi\" in the list. She is not linked to any other Levi.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C903", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 names Miss Ruth Dean among the seven graduates of Berryville High School and reports that she was chosen to make the class \"Prophecy.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1192", "E1193" ], "entity_ids": [ "ruth-dean" ], "establishes": "That Ruth Dean graduated from Berryville High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The report prints her surname \"Dean\" in the list of graduates, and garbles it elsewhere as \"Reap\" and \"llean\"; the list's reading is used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C904", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921, reporting the closing exercises of the Boyce Agricultural High School, says the three graduates, R. Bruce Golightly and Misses Catherine M. Denny and Nellie K. Jones, acquitted themselves creditably in delivering their addresses.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1194" ], "entity_ids": [ "catherine-m-denny" ], "establishes": "That Catherine M. Denny graduated from the Boyce Agricultural High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints a comma for the period after \"M.\" She is not linked to any other Denny.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C905", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 9, 1921, reporting the closing exercises of the Boyce Agricultural High School, says the three graduates, R. Bruce Golightly and Misses Catherine M. Denny and Nellie K. Jones, acquitted themselves creditably in delivering their addresses.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1195" ], "entity_ids": [ "nellie-k-jones" ], "establishes": "That Nellie K. Jones graduated from the Boyce Agricultural High School in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this report and is not linked to any other Jones.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C906", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1922 names Miss Elizabeth Fishpaw among the eight young women to receive diplomas from Berryville High School on May 31, and its report of June 8, 1922 names her among the graduates.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1196", "E1197" ], "entity_ids": [ "elizabeth-fishpaw" ], "establishes": "That Elizabeth Fishpaw graduated from Berryville High School in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from these two lists.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C907", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1922 names Miss Gertrude Rush among the eight young women to receive diplomas from Berryville High School, and its report of June 8, 1922 names her among the graduates.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1198", "E1199" ], "entity_ids": [ "gertrude-rush" ], "establishes": "That Gertrude Rush graduated from Berryville High School in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. Both lists also name a Clara Rush; the reports do not say whether they were related, and no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C908", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1922 names Miss Grace Young among the eight young women to receive diplomas from Berryville High School, and its report of June 8, 1922 says she was chosen to deliver the salutatory and did so.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1200", "E1201" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-young" ], "establishes": "That Grace Young graduated from Berryville High School in 1922 as salutatorian.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from these reports and is not linked to any other Young.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C909", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 names A. Rice Green among the five graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School, and its issue of June 15, 1922 reports that Rice Green graduated and received the prize for best all-around athlete.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1202", "E1203" ], "entity_ids": [ "a-rice-green" ], "establishes": "That A. Rice Green graduated from the Boyce high school in 1922 and won its prize for best all-around athlete.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from these two reports.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C910", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 names C. Chamblin Funkhouser among the five graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School, calls him the star athlete of Clarke County, says he would deliver the salutatory and would go to Blacksburg the next year. Its issue of June 15, 1922 reports that he graduated and was awarded an athletic medal for the most points in his class at the Berryville field and track meet of May 20.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1204", "E1205", "E1206" ], "entity_ids": [ "c-chamblin-funkhouser" ], "establishes": "That C. Chamblin Funkhouser graduated from the Boyce high school in 1922 and won an athletic medal.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The June 15 item prints \"Chamlin\" and \"Chambliln.\" That he went to Blacksburg is the plan reported, not a record that he did. He is not linked to Lola Funkhouser or any other Funkhouser.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C911", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 names F. Margaret Rodgers among the five graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School who would receive diplomas at the exercises of June 5. Its report of June 15, 1922 names only four graduates and does not include her.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1207" ], "entity_ids": [ "f-margaret-rodgers" ], "establishes": "That F. Margaret Rodgers was announced in 1922 as a Boyce Agricultural High School graduate.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The June 15 report of the exercises names only four graduates and leaves her out, so whether she received a diploma that June is not settled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C912", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 1, 1922 names Kathryn M. Sprint among the five graduates of the Boyce Agricultural High School, and its issue of June 15, 1922 reports that Katheryn Sprint graduated and received her diploma.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1208", "E1209" ], "entity_ids": [ "kathryn-m-sprint" ], "establishes": "That Kathryn M. Sprint graduated from the Boyce high school in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The two items spell her given name \"Kathryn\" and \"Katheryn.\"", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C913", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 15, 1922, reporting the closing exercises of the Boyce High School, names Albert Clark among the pupils awarded athletic medals for the highest number of points won in their class at the Berryville field and track meet of May 20.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1210" ], "entity_ids": [ "albert-clark" ], "establishes": "That Albert Clark of the Boyce High School won an athletic medal in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints his given name \"A1 bert\" across a line break. He is not linked to any other Clark.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C914", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 15, 1922, reporting the closing exercises at Boyce, names Anna Hemsley among the pupils awarded athletic medals for the highest number of points in their class at the Berryville field and track meet of May 20, and among those promoted from the eighth grade.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1211", "E1212" ], "entity_ids": [ "anna-hemsley" ], "establishes": "That Anna Hemsley of the Boyce school won an athletic medal and was promoted from the eighth grade in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The promotion list says several pupils in her group had conditions to meet, without naming them. She is not linked to Reba or Donald Hemsley, named in the same list.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C915", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Miss Adah Levi in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for a luncheon set, crocheted table mats, the handsomest centerpiece and the best knitted article, with lesser prizes in four other classes.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1213", "E1214" ], "entity_ids": [ "adah-levi" ], "establishes": "That Adah Levi won first prizes for needlework at the 1922 Berryville Horse Show and Fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. She is not linked to Marion, Mettie or Nannie Levi.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C916", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, reports that Miss Catherine Funkhouser of White Post captured the prize for the best baby beef in the Boys' and Girls' Department.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1215", "E1216" ], "entity_ids": [ "catherine-funkhouser" ], "establishes": "That Catherine Funkhouser of White Post showed the prize baby beef at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The award list splits her surname across a line. She is not linked to any other Funkhouser.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C917", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, lists Harry Vernon Pifer first, and Regina Pifer second, in a Poland China pig class of the Boys' and Girls' Department.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1217", "E1218" ], "entity_ids": [ "harry-vernon-pifer" ], "establishes": "That Harry Vernon Pifer placed first with Poland China pigs at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. His given name breaks across a line. He is not linked to Regina Pifer, Holly Pifer or any other Pifer.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C918", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, lists Kenneth Simpson first in a second Poland China pig class of the Boys' and Girls' Department.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1219", "E1220" ], "entity_ids": [ "kenneth-simpson" ], "establishes": "That Kenneth Simpson placed first with Poland China pigs at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. He is not linked to James Simpson, fourth in the same class, or any other Simpson.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C919", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, lists Robert Hardesty first in the Hampshire pig class of the Boys' and Girls' Department.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1221", "E1222" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-hardesty" ], "establishes": "That Robert Hardesty placed first with Hampshire pigs at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. The surname breaks across a line. He is not linked to any other Hardesty.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C920", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Fleeta McNamara in the Woman's Department as winning first premiums for canned vegetables, canned fruits, preserves and a table mat with a linen center, with lesser prizes for preserves, a table runner and a cushion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1223", "E1224" ], "entity_ids": [ "fleeta-mcnamara" ], "establishes": "That Fleeta McNamara won first premiums in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C921", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Frank Hart in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for pickles, a quart of vinegar, a bottle of catsup and home-made soap, and a second prize for a centerpiece.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1225", "E1226" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-frank-hart" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Frank Hart won first prizes in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence, and gives her only by her husband's name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C922", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Harry Pearrell in the Woman's Department as winning first prize for a crocheted centerpiece and second prize for filet crocheted work.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1227", "E1228" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-harry-pearrell" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Harry Pearrell won a first prize for crochet at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives her only by her husband's name and no place. She is not linked to the record of Harry Pearrell, since the list says nothing more about her.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C923", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Howard Locke in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for a French embroidered centerpiece and a colored embroidered centerpiece.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1229", "E1230" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-howard-locke" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Howard Locke won first prizes for embroidery at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. The OCR prints the surname \"I.ocke,\" and the list gives her only by her husband's name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C924", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Lora Stimson in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for a bureau scarf and a handkerchief, and a third prize for a table runner.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1231", "E1232" ], "entity_ids": [ "lora-stimson" ], "establishes": "That Lora Stimson won first prizes in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C925", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. M. W. Jones in the Woman's Department as winning first prize for home-made rugs, a second prize for a quart of vinegar and a third prize for a quilt.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1233", "E1234" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-m-w-jones" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. M. W. Jones won a first prize for home-made rugs at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives her only by her husband's initials and no place. She is not linked to the record of M. W. Jones or to any Jones woman named elsewhere, since the list says nothing more about her.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C926", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. R. H. McAtee in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for a silk quilt, a quilt square and a yard of crocheted lace, and lesser prizes for cake.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1235", "E1236" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-r-h-mcatee" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. R. H. McAtee won first prizes for quilting and lace at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. The OCR prints a colon in the initials, and the list gives her only by her husband's initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C927", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. John Shewbridge in the Woman's Department as winning first prize for the best salt-rising bread.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1237", "E1238" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-john-shewbridge" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. John Shewbridge won the prize for salt-rising bread at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence, and gives her only by her husband's name. She is not linked to any other Shewbridge.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C928", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. T. M. Hooker in the Woman's Department as winning first prizes for the best tatting and in the miscellaneous class.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1239", "E1240" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-t-m-hooker" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. T. M. Hooker won first prizes in the Woman's Department of the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence, and gives her only by her husband's initials.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C929", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 17, 1922, in its report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair, which it says drew between eight and nine thousand people, lists Mrs. Will Moore in the Woman's Department as winning first prize for a colored embroidered bureau scarf.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1241", "E1242" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-will-moore" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Will Moore won a first prize for embroidery at the 1922 Berryville fair.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is known here only from this prize list, which gives no place of residence. The OCR prints \"Mrs-,\" and the list gives her only by her husband's name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C930", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 17, 1923 reports that Herman Bell, son of Minnie Bell, would graduate from Johns Hopkins University the next month and visit his people in Berryville before taking up new duties as a professor at Hampden-Sydney College. Its issue of December 6, 1923 reports that Herman Bell of Berryville, teaching French at Hampden-Sydney, had given a talk before the recent meeting of the State Teachers' Association at Richmond.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1243", "E1244" ], "entity_ids": [ "herman-bell" ], "establishes": "That Herman Bell of Berryville graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1923 and taught French at Hampden-Sydney.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The May item gives his graduation as expected the next month, and prints \"Mr. Minnie Bell\" and \"Hampton Sidney.\" His mother has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C931", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 21, 1921 reports that Ernest Falbush, recently indicted by the grand jury on charges of violating the prohibition laws, pleaded guilty before Judge Whiting of the Clarke Circuit Court and was fined $50 and given 30 days in jail, the jail sentence suspended until November 1.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1245" ], "entity_ids": [ "ernest-falbush" ], "establishes": "That Ernest Falbush pleaded guilty to a prohibition charge in the Clarke Circuit Court in 1921 and was fined.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints \"Krnest.\" The item gives no residence and does not describe the offense beyond the charge.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C932", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 28, 1921 reports that Russell Coffman, the nine-year-old son of George Coffman, who lived in the old Osborne property on the Shenandoah River, broke his arm while at play at the Riverside School on Monday.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1246" ], "entity_ids": [ "russell-coffman" ], "establishes": "That Russell Coffman, aged nine in 1921, a Riverside School pupil, broke his arm at school.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is known here only from this item. His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C933", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 7, 1921, in its Minnie Wood letter, reports that little Billy Gaunt, son of Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Gaunt, was very badly scalded on Tuesday morning when he fell back into a bucket of hot water.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1247" ], "entity_ids": [ "billy-gaunt" ], "establishes": "That Billy Gaunt, a small child, was badly scalded in 1921.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives no age. It is not joined to the record of Wilbur Gaunt of Berryville, since reading the two as the same man would rest on the name alone.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C934", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921 reports that a special grand jury of the Clarke Circuit Court indicted Brookus Lee on a charge of breaking into the store of Spates and Feagans at Briggs and taking $40 in money and a pistol.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1248" ], "entity_ids": [ "brookus-lee" ], "establishes": "That Brookus Lee was indicted in the Clarke Circuit Court in 1921 on a store-breaking charge.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item reports an indictment only, not a trial or verdict. It gives no residence.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C935", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 1, 1921 reports that a special grand jury of the Clarke Circuit Court indicted Granville Kirby and Lester D. Ritter for violating the prohibition act by making liquor, and that the two were fined, their 30-day jail sentences suspended; its headline says both frankly confessed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1249" ], "entity_ids": [ "lester-d-ritter" ], "establishes": "That Lester D. Ritter was fined in the Clarke Circuit Court in 1921 on a charge of making liquor.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives no residence, and the OCR garbles the amount of the fine. He is not linked to Joseph Edward Ritter or any other Ritter.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C936", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 16, 1922 reports that Justice Longerbeam of the Boyce neighborhood was found guilty on a charge of seduction by a jury in the Clarke Circuit Court and given two years in the penitentiary, and that his counsel's motion for a new trial was being considered by Judge Whiting.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1250" ], "entity_ids": [ "justice-longerbeam" ], "establishes": "That Justice Longerbeam was convicted by a jury in the Clarke Circuit Court in 1922, with a motion for a new trial pending.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. \"Justice\" is read as his given name, not a title. The item was printed while the new-trial motion was undecided, and its outcome is not recorded here. He is not linked to Malvin Longerbeam.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C937", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 9, 1922 reports that Sarah Phillips, wife of Walker Phillips and daughter of Edward Jenkins, was seriously injured about the head when thrown from a buggy on Monday after the shafts broke and the horse ran away.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1251" ], "entity_ids": [ "sarah-phillips" ], "establishes": "That Sarah Phillips was seriously hurt in a buggy runaway in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives no residence. Her husband and father have no records here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C938", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that Miss Fannie Kennerly of White Post was knocked down and run over on Sunday night by a car driven by Walker Grubbs as people left Meade Memorial Church, the lights of another car having blinded him as he started; her shoulder was badly injured, and she suffered no other injuries.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1252", "E1253" ], "entity_ids": [ "fannie-kennedy" ], "establishes": "That Fannie Kennerly of White Post was hurt when struck by a car outside Meade Memorial Church in 1922.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints her surname as \"Kennerly\" every time it appears and never as \"Kennedy\"; an earlier OCR text had read \"Kennedy\" in the report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C939", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 20, 1922 reports that as people left Meade Memorial Church at White Post on a Sunday night, Walker Grubbs started his car and was blinded by the lights of another car, and his car knocked down and ran over Miss Fannie Kennerly, who had stepped in front of it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1254", "E1255" ], "entity_ids": [ "walker-grubbs" ], "establishes": "That Walker Grubbs was the driver in the 1922 accident at Meade Memorial Church.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints \"Kennerly\" for the woman he struck; an earlier OCR text had read \"Kennedy.\" The report attributes the accident to the blinding lights; it reports no charge. It gives no residence for him.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C940", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 4, 1922 reports that Mrs. William A. Owens, mother of Claud Owens, was badly injured when she fell in the yard, that her hip was injured and Dr. J. E. Harris feared it was fractured, and that an X-ray would be made.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1256" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-william-a-owens" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. William A. Owens was badly hurt in a fall in 1922.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The item gives no residence and no result of the X-ray. She is given only by her husband's name. Her son has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C941", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923 reports that Frank M. Galloway of La Plata, Argentina, mechanical engineering superintendent of Armour's packing plant in South America, left on April 16 to visit his father, Frank Galloway of Clarke County, and his company's Chicago headquarters, that his salary was over $7,000 a year, and that this would be his first visit home since 1920.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1257" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-m-galloway" ], "establishes": "That Frank M. Galloway, son of Frank Galloway of Clarke County, was an Armour engineering superintendent in Argentina in 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The headline calls him a Clarke boy; the item gives no Clarke home of his own. His father has no record here, so no kinship record is made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C942", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 10, 1923 reports that Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wright of West Main Street were receiving the congratulations of their friends on the arrival of a daughter on Sunday, May 6.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1258" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-arthur-wright" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Arthur Wright of West Main Street, Berryville, had a daughter in May 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's name. The infant is not named and has no record. No record joins her to Arthur Wright.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C943", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports that congratulations were being extended to Mr. and Mrs. George Reynolds Green of White Post on the arrival of a baby girl on Sunday, and that he told friends in Berryville he would not trade his daughter for a dozen boys.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1259" ], "entity_ids": [ "george-reynolds-green" ], "establishes": "That George Reynolds Green of White Post had a daughter in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The infant is not named and has no record. No record joins him to Mrs. George Reynolds Green.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C944", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 28, 1923 reports that congratulations were being extended to Mr. and Mrs. George Reynolds Green of White Post on the arrival of a baby girl on Sunday, and that mother and baby were doing well.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1260" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-george-reynolds-green" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. George Reynolds Green of White Post had a daughter in June 1923.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's name. The infant is not named and has no record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C945", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 13, 1923 reports that Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Marlowe of Alexandria announced the birth of a son, Charles William, on December 10, and that Mrs. Marlowe is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Levi of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1261" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-william-levi" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. William Levi of Berryville was named in 1923 as the mother of Mrs. Cecil Marlowe.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. She is given only by her husband's name. Her daughter and grandson have no records here, so no kinship record is made. She is not linked to any other Levi.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C946", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 28, 1937 reports that the children of the Walnut Street neighborhood in Berryville masqueraded in costumes and false faces on a Tuesday night ahead of Hallowe'en, and names Harry Lee Boxwell among the parents whose children were out.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1262" ], "entity_ids": [ "harry-lee-boswell" ], "establishes": "That Harry Lee Boxwell had children in the Walnut Street neighborhood of Berryville in 1937.", "limitations": "The page image was read twice, the second time independently, and both readings agree. The page prints \"Harry Lee Boxwell\"; an earlier OCR text had read \"Boswell.\" He is named only as a parent. The item does not name or count his children.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C947", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 28, 1937 reports that the children of the Walnut Street neighborhood in Berryville masqueraded in costumes and false faces on a Tuesday night ahead of Hallowe'en, and names Bob Creel among the parents whose children were out.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1263" ], "entity_ids": [ "bob-creel" ], "establishes": "That Bob Creel had children in the Walnut Street neighborhood of Berryville in 1937.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is named only as a parent, and \"Bob\" may be a familiar form of his given name. The item does not name or count his children.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C948", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 28, 1937 reports that the children of the Walnut Street neighborhood in Berryville masqueraded in costumes and false faces on a Tuesday night ahead of Hallowe'en, and names Doug Carter among the parents whose children were out.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1264" ], "entity_ids": [ "doug-carter" ], "establishes": "That Doug Carter had children in the Walnut Street neighborhood of Berryville in 1937.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. He is named only as a parent, and \"Doug\" may be a familiar form of his given name. The item does not name or count his children. He is not linked to Ned Carter, named in the same line.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C949", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 30, 1947 prints a household column by Martha W. Levi recalling that not many years before, the whole town turned out for the annual Hallowe'en parade up Main Street, and that in spite of their costumes Mr. and Mrs. Mason Osborne could always be recognized by some mannerism.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1265" ], "entity_ids": [ "mrs-mason-osborne" ], "establishes": "That Mrs. Mason Osborne was remembered in 1947 as a masquerader in Berryville's Hallowe'en parade.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The column is a recollection and gives no year for the parades. Her own given name is not printed. No record joins her to Mason Osborne.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C950", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 30, 1947 prints a household column signed by Martha W. Levi, which gives advice for the trick-or-treat season and recalls that not many years before the whole town turned out to watch the annual Hallowe'en parade pass up Main Street.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited accounts", "evidence_ids": [ "E1266", "E1267" ], "entity_ids": [ "martha-w-levi" ], "establishes": "That Martha W. Levi wrote a household column in the Clarke Courier in 1947.", "limitations": "Read from uncorrected OCR, not from the page image. The OCR prints her middle initial \"\\V.\" The column gives no year for the parades it recalls. She is not linked to any other Levi.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-16", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C951", "text": "The 1995 National Register nomination for the Josephine City School says the school was built around 1882, was used as an elementary school until 1930, and was then moved a short distance from its original location. The nomination is filed under Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 168-5027, and the 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination carries the same building as resource 168-5029-0049.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1268", "E1269" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-school", "josephine-city", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the county's two National Register filings agree on the building's date, its use as an elementary school to 1930 and its move, and that the building holds two department numbers because it is listed individually and again as a contributing resource in the district.", "limitations": "The nomination hedges the construction date as 'around 1882' and this record keeps that hedge. Neither filing was read in its signed paper form; both were read as extracted text from the department's PDFs. The 2015 district form is not independent of the 1995 form. Nothing is recorded here about who taught in the school, who built it or who paid for it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C952", "text": "The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination records, among the district's contributing resources, the 1930 former Clarke County Training School, Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 168-5029-0048, which it says was later known as Johnson-Williams High School and was in use as low-income elderly housing when the nomination was written.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1270" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That one building carried the county's Black training school from 1930 and the Johnson-Williams name later, and that it survived into residential use.", "limitations": "A district nomination names its resources in summary and does not narrate them. The form gives no month or day for the 1930 date and no date for the change of name, and none is inferred here. 'Low-income elderly housing' is the building's use as of 2015 and is not checked against its use now.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C953", "text": "The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination names the W.B.T. Williams Training School in Berryville in a March 1949 school board bond proposal of $180,000, which was to complete a new elementary school in Berryville and to pay for additions to the Boyce High School and to that training school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1271" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That the Berryville training school was carrying the Williams name by March 1949, and that the county was then enlarging it rather than replacing it.", "limitations": "The nomination spells the initials W.B.T.; the research register that led to this record spells them W.T.B. Both spellings are recorded as names of this school and neither is corrected, because no cited document settles which is right. A bond proposal is a plan to borrow, not a record that the work was done or the money raised.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C954", "text": "The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination says the previously all-Black Johnson-Williams High School, at the southeastern edge of the district, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1272" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the school's integration and its change from a high school to a middle school are recorded as one event in 1966, and that the Johnson-Williams name carried across it.", "limitations": "The nomination states the year and does not cite the board record behind it. It does not say whether integration was by choice, by order or by consolidation, and nothing is inferred here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C955", "text": "The 2004 multiple property documentation form for Rosenwald Schools in Virginia lists, in its statewide table of schools sorted by date of construction, a Berryville School in Clarke County under the construction years 1930-31.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by what the source does not state", "evidence_ids": [ "E1273" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a Clarke County school is named in the Rosenwald programme's own state documentation, under the years the training school was built.", "limitations": "The table gives a name, a county and a pair of years. It gives no address, no plan type and no Fisk application number, so it does not establish which building in Berryville is meant, and it does not by itself establish that Rosenwald funds were received. The identification of this entry with the Clarke County Training School rests on the coincidence of place and date, which is corroboration and not proof.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C956", "text": "The 2003 Boyce Historic District nomination says the Boyce Colored School was constructed in 1885, reflecting the growing African-American population in the immediate area, and records it at 35 South Greenway Avenue as Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 172-0001-0033, a one-story gable-end frame building then vacant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1274" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce-colored-school", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the county had a Black school at Boyce from 1885, in a building that still stood, vacant, when the district was nominated.", "limitations": "The nomination gives the year without citing the record behind it. 'Currently vacant' is the building's state in 2003 and is not checked against its state now. Nothing is recorded here about when the school closed, who taught in it or how long it ran; the nomination does not say.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C957", "text": "The 2000 National Register nomination for the Millwood Colored School describes it as a relatively unaltered frame schoolhouse constructed around 1910 to serve the local African-American community, and files it as Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 021-0192-0008.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1275" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood" ], "establishes": "That the Millwood school the Clarke Courier's 1925 teacher list names had a building of about 1910 that was still standing, and largely unaltered, in 2000.", "limitations": "'Around 1910' is the nomination's hedge and is kept. The nomination's account of the school's closure and later use is not taken up in this record. The corpus entity this attaches to was built from a 1925 newspaper notice; the two agree on the school's existence and say nothing about each other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C958", "text": "The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination quotes the Greenway Magisterial District School Board minutes of 1909, in which Graham Blandy offered $1,500 for the construction of a new Negro School Building at White Post on condition that the board pay the salary of a teacher who would teach manual training such as bricklaying and carpentry.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1276", "E1277" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post-colored-school", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the White Post school was built on a private conditional gift, and that the condition was a manual-training curriculum named in the donor's own words.", "limitations": "The minutes are quoted by the nomination, not read here; this record is a reading of the nomination's quotation. The passage records an offer and its condition, not that the building was finished, nor when it opened, nor whether the manual training was ever taught.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C959", "text": "The Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project's Roots Run Deep tour says the White Post school built on Blandy's 1909 offer was abandoned as a school in 1941, sold as surplus in 1952, and is now a private residence.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by the source's own kind", "evidence_ids": [ "E1278" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post-colored-school", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the White Post Black school closed in 1941 and left the school board's hands in 1952, and that its building survives in private use.", "limitations": "A heritage-tour entry written for visitors, citing no record for its dates. Its account of the 1909 offer repeats the Millwood nomination in almost the same words, so on this school the two are probably not independent. The Millwood nomination separately gives the 1952 surplus sale, and does not give the 1941 abandonment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C960", "text": "The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination quotes a Freedmen's Bureau report of 30 April 1868 in which the agent Ripley wrote that schools in the district were still open, the only change being one in Berryville where Mr. Keys had been relieved by Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson, described in the report as coloured, whom he called a very good teacher who would build up a good school.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1279" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-freedmens-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a Black woman was teaching a Freedmen's Bureau-era school at Berryville by April 1868, named in the agent's own report.", "limitations": "The report is quoted by the nomination, not read here. It names a teacher and a change of teacher; it does not name the school, give its location, or say when it opened or closed. No continuity with the Josephine City School of 1882 is claimed by the nomination or here. The register row that led to this record cited a Smithsonian Freedmen's Bureau record which returned HTTP 403 on 21 September 2026 and has no Internet Archive snapshot, so that record was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C961", "text": "The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination says the school building of about 1910 was put up adjacent to and in front of an earlier Reconstruction-era school which was demolished in the 1930s, and that by 1869 Millwood had a school established by a member of the village's black community.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by the source's own hedge", "evidence_ids": [ "E1280", "E1281" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood" ], "establishes": "That a Black school stood at Millwood a generation before the surviving building, founded from within the community itself, and that the two stood together for some years.", "limitations": "The nomination says a school 'may have been established as early as 1869' in one passage and states 1869 in another; the hedge is kept here. No building, site or founder is identified. The register row that led to this record also cited a Smithsonian Freedmen's Bureau record, which returned HTTP 403 on 21 September 2026 and has no Internet Archive snapshot, so it was not read, and the possible identification with a John Holmes free school is not taken up.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C962", "text": "The Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project's Roots Run Deep tour says White Post had a second African American school, just south of Mount Olive Baptist Church, which was built about 1903 as a school for white children and became an African American elementary school by the early 1940s.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by the source's own kind", "evidence_ids": [ "E1282" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "That White Post had two Black schools rather than one, and that the second came into Black use by transfer of an existing white school at about the time the 1909 building was abandoned.", "limitations": "A heritage-tour entry citing no record. No department number, address or closing date is given, and none is inferred. The register row that led to this record proposes department number 021-0689 for the building and marks it unverified; that number is not recorded here because nothing cited here supports it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C963", "text": "The Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project's Sugar Hill page says the Sugar Hill name was used in a 1922 deed from the Trustees of Boyce School District to the County School Board which mentioned a Sugar Hill School, and that it is unclear where that school stood within the community.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by what the source does not state", "evidence_ids": [ "E1283" ], "entity_ids": [], "establishes": "That a school called Sugar Hill is named in a county deed of 1922, and that its site was already unknown to the people mapping the community.", "limitations": "The deed is described by the page, not read here, and the page gives no book or page reference for it. The passage quoted does not state the school's racial designation; the register row that led to this record says the same. Nothing here establishes when the school opened or closed, or whether it had a building of its own. The live page did not resolve on 21 September 2026 and this reading is from an Internet Archive snapshot of 3 February 2026.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C964", "text": "The Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project's Sugar Hill page says later newspaper accounts mentioned a Stone Bridge Colored School in 1937.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified by the source's own vagueness", "evidence_ids": [ "E1284" ], "entity_ids": [ "stone-bridge" ], "establishes": "That a school under the Stone Bridge name is attested in the later 1930s in the same neighborhood as the Sugar Hill School of the 1922 deed.", "limitations": "The newspaper accounts are referred to by the page, not read here, and neither the paper nor the date of any issue is given. The Clarke Courier's teacher list of 9 July 1925 already names a Stone Bridge colored school, and that notice is carried elsewhere in this corpus; the two are not joined here because nothing cited here identifies them.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C965", "text": "The Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project's Sugar Hill page raises, and does not resolve, whether the Sugar Hill School named in the 1922 deed and the Stone Bridge Colored School reported in 1937 were the same school.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: raised by the source, unresolved", "evidence_ids": [ "E1285" ], "entity_ids": [], "establishes": "That the relationship between the two names is an open question in the only source this pass found for either, rather than a question this project has opened.", "limitations": "The page states the uncertainty and offers nothing to settle it: no location for the Sugar Hill School, no address for the Stone Bridge school, and no account of either building. The two are recorded here as separate subjects with this question attached, because merging them would destroy a distinction no later reader could recover, while leaving them apart leaves a join a later reader can make.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C966", "text": "A correspondent signing himself \"Tramp\", in a letter reprinted by the Clarke Courier on 22 March 1883, wrote that in colonial times the men of the neighborhood met at a spring near the town on Saturday evenings to talk, drink, trade and fight, that the spring was named Battle Spring from the fighting, and that the village took its name from the spring.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "An account printed in 1883 of much earlier events", "evidence_ids": [ "E966-1", "E966-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That this explanation of the name was in circulation and in print by 1883, and what it said.", "limitations": "A travel letter, not a record: a writer in 1883 describing colonial times. It is evidence that the account was told and printed, not evidence of what happened at the spring. The correspondent is identified only by a pen name. The Courier reprinting a Leesburg Mirror letter shows circulation, not endorsement.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C967", "text": "The same 1883 letter names Daniel Morgan in its account of the spring, saying that in these fisticuffs he \"was particularly prominent, and was always victorious\", and that the fighting there toughened \"the sinews of Morgan and the riflemen who followed him\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "An account printed in 1883 of much earlier events", "evidence_ids": [ "E967-1", "E967-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "daniel-morgan" ], "establishes": "That the spring account is itself a Morgan account, rather than an explanation that leaves him out.", "limitations": "Establishes what the letter says, not that Morgan fought at any spring. Written eighty years after the events it describes and more than eighty after Morgan's youth.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C968", "text": "Graham's 1856 life of Daniel Morgan, drawing on the manuscripts of the Rev. William Hill, describes young men of the country between Winchester and the Shenandoah gathering every Saturday afternoon at a tavern kept by Benjamin Berry, boxing and wrestling by daylight and drinking and gaming at night.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A biographer reporting his informant's manuscripts", "evidence_ids": [ "E968-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "daniel-morgan" ], "establishes": "The tavern version of the gathering, and that the tavern keeper was Benjamin Berry.", "limitations": "Published in 1856, more than fifty years after Morgan's death, and footnoted to manuscripts by Morgan's minister that have not been inspected here. A recollection twice removed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C969", "text": "Graham reports, from Hill's manuscripts, that Morgan in his last illness was asked about a crooked toe and answered that he got it \"in a fight I had with Bill Davis, and in kicking him, at Battletown\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A reported first-person recollection, twice removed", "evidence_ids": [ "E969-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan" ], "establishes": "That the name Battletown is attributed to Morgan's own mouth in an account traceable to the minister who attended him.", "limitations": "Not a contemporary record. Morgan died in 1802; Hill's manuscripts are undated here and uninspected; Graham published in 1856. It establishes what Graham reports Hill recorded Morgan as saying.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C970", "text": "Writing in 1856, Graham said the place was \"called Battletown by everybody in that part of the country, excepting the inhabitants of the village themselves\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A contemporary observation of usage, in a retrospective book", "evidence_ids": [ "E970-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the old name remained in ordinary use nearly sixty years after the town was chartered under another one.", "limitations": "Graham's own observation of usage in his day, offered in passing. He gives no count and no source for it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C971", "text": "The 1987 Berryville Historic District nomination states that the crossroads settlement was known before 1798 as Battletown, and that earlier in the eighteenth century the area was an 800-acre estate of the same name owned by Charles Smith, whose house, built between 1755 and 1765, survives at 106 East Main Street as the Nook.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A register nomination's historical background", "evidence_ids": [ "E971-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That an estate account of the name exists in a state register nomination, with a date range for the house.", "limitations": "An architectural survey written in 1987. Its footnote markers point to a references section that has not been read, so whether it rests on deeds consulted independently or repeats a published county history is unresolved. A nomination repeating an earlier account is not independent evidence of the deeds behind it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C972", "text": "The same nomination states that when Charles Smith died the estate passed to his wife and was divided among their four children, and that his son John sold a portion of his land to Benjamin Berry, the founder of Berryville.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A register nomination's historical background", "evidence_ids": [ "E972-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "A named path from the estate to the ground the town was laid out on.", "limitations": "As above: a 1987 survey whose own authority has not been read. No deed has been inspected here, and no deed chain has been traced.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C973", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 6, 1869 reported, under the heading \"HOMICIDE\", that about 11 o'clock on the previous Wednesday night Alec Cary was killed on the turnpike between Millwood and Berryville by Pinkey Blakely.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E973-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That the killing was reported, with a named road, a stated hour and both men named.", "limitations": "The paper's own account. Both men are described only as \"colored\"; nothing else about either is in the item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C974", "text": "The same item reports that four people were walking together, Cary and Blakely in company with another man and a girl, and it names only Cary and Blakely.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E974-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That two of the four people present go unnamed in the account.", "limitations": "The item gives no name, age or connection for the other man or the girl.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C975", "text": "The item summarises what it says was elicited at the inquest: an altercation between the two became a scuffle in which Cary got somewhat the better of Blakely, whereupon Blakely drew a knife, cut Cary on the arm and stabbed him in the chest, and the wound proved fatal in a few moments.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E975-1", "E975-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "The sequence of events as the newspaper reported the inquest account.", "limitations": "This is a newspaper summary of an inquest, not a transcript and not a court finding. No inquest record has been inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C976", "text": "The item states that Blakely escaped, and it records no arrest, charge, trial or outcome.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E976-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That the account ends without anyone in custody.", "limitations": "This is what this issue prints. The issue of October 27, 1869 reports a true bill and an unsuccessful attempt to arrest him (C1026, C1027). A search of the held Courier text through 1880 found no report of an arrest, trial or outcome. That is a statement about the issues searched, not evidence that none occurred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C977", "text": "The item attributes the quarrel to the girl as something thought rather than established, saying the difficulty \"is thought to have been connected with the girl\", without saying who thought so.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E977-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That the motive in the account is the newspaper's own speculation.", "limitations": "The paper offers no source for the supposition and does not name the girl.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C978", "text": "The issue carrying the item is dated Wednesday October 6, 1869, so its phrase \"last Wednesday night\" places the killing on the night of September 29, 1869.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a reading from the issue's own date", "evidence_ids": [ "E978-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "millwood", "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "A date for the killing, derived from the issue date.", "limitations": "An inference from the weekday of the issue, not a date printed in the item. The item gives only \"last Wednesday night\".", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C979", "text": "The Clarke Courier of 2 June 1881 reported that workmen digging the foundation for the Bank of Clarke County's building came upon the bones of some four or five human bodies, within two or three feet of the surface, bearing evidence of having been buried a number of years.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: what one contemporary newspaper item reports", "evidence_ids": [ "E979-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a local newspaper reported human remains found during the bank's foundation work in 1881.", "limitations": "A single newspaper item. No inquest, coroner's record, burial register or other account of the discovery has been found, and nothing independent confirms the number of bodies or the depth.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C980", "text": "The same item reported that no one then living in the town possessed any knowledge of the spot having been used as a burying ground.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's statement about local memory", "evidence_ids": [ "E980-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the paper described the site as one the town did not remember as a burial ground.", "limitations": "A newspaper's assertion about what local people knew, not a survey of them. It is reported here as the paper's statement and is not treated as an established history of the town's memory.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C981", "text": "The same item reported that nails were found with the bones, took this as showing the bodies had been coffined before burial, and on that basis rejected an attribution of the remains to Indigenous burial.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's inference from an object it describes", "evidence_ids": [ "E981-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the paper reported nails alongside the bones and reasoned from them to coffins.", "limitations": "The coffin reading is the paper's inference, not an independently established fact: nails found with bones are consistent with it and do not by themselves establish it. The paper's categorical assertion about Indigenous burial practice is its own, is quoted rather than adopted, and was not examined here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C982", "text": "The same item stated it was probable the remains were those of soldiers of the Revolution, giving as its reason that no one knew when they were placed there.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an explanation the paper offered, with the reason it gave", "evidence_ids": [ "E982-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Revolutionary attribution originates as a stated probability in this 1881 item, reasoned from an absence of knowledge.", "limitations": "This is the paper's explanation, not a finding. Nothing establishes that the remains had any connection to the Revolution, and the item supplies no evidence for the attribution beyond the absence it names.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C983", "text": "The Clarke Courier tracked the bank building through 1881: in February the directors decided to erect it and appointed a committee, in March work awaited brick, by September it was under roof, and by late November it was nearly complete.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a sequence assembled from five separate weekly notices", "evidence_ids": [ "E983-1", "E983-2", "E983-3", "E983-4", "E983-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "A construction sequence for the building, as reported week by week in one newspaper.", "limitations": "Assembled from five short notices in the same paper, all read as existing OCR and none checked against the page image. The notices give no contractor, no measured dates for starting or finishing, and no description of the excavation itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C984", "text": "John Hudson's 2006 history of the bank states that it was eventually determined the bodies were probably relics of possible soldiers of the Revolutionary War period.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: what the bank's own commissioned history states", "evidence_ids": [ "E984-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the bank's 125th-anniversary history presents the Revolutionary attribution as something determined.", "limitations": "The pages inspected supply no new evidence for the identification, and no source between 1881 and 2006 has been identified standing behind \"eventually determined\". That is a statement about the pages read, not a claim to have read the whole book, its research files or its apparatus.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C985", "text": "The same history states that there was no reference as to the relocation of the remains.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: what the bank's own history records about the aftermath", "evidence_ids": [ "E985-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the bank's historian found no record of what became of the remains.", "limitations": "A statement about what the author did not find. It does not establish what happened to the remains, and nothing here shows whether they were reinterred, removed or left in place.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C986", "text": "A 2014 Clarke Monthly feature, crediting Hudson's book, states that it was later learned the bones were probably remains of Revolutionary War soldiers, and that nothing further is known as to what happened to them.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a retelling that names its own source", "evidence_ids": [ "E986-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the 1881 explanation reaches a general readership in 2014 as something later learned.", "limitations": "The article credits Hudson rather than any record of its own, so it is not an independent witness. It gives no date for the discovery and cites nothing between 1881 and 2006.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C987", "text": "Hudson dates the discovery to \"Monday, May 24, 1881\". May 24, 1881 fell on a Tuesday, and the Courier's \"on Monday\" in its issue of Thursday 2 June points instead to 30 May 1881.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a discrepancy between two accounts, left open", "evidence_ids": [ "E987-1", "E987-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the two accounts do not agree on the day, and that the printed date in the later one does not match its own weekday.", "limitations": "A discrepancy, not a correction. Where Hudson's day and date come from has not been established, and no manuscript or minute-book source for it has been seen. The Courier gives no date at all, only \"on Monday\", which allows 30 May or 23 May if the item was held a week.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C988", "text": "In the summer of 1888 Representative O'Ferrall presented to the House a petition of Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County, Virginia, asking that her claim be referred to the Court of Claims; it went to the Committee on War Claims.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: printed congressional record", "evidence_ids": [ "E988-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That her claim reached Congress in 1888 as a petition for referral.", "limitations": "The Record reproduces only the entry, not the petition. The exact legislative day is the one printed before July 3, 1888.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C989", "text": "The House Committee on War Claims sent Mary F. Lewis's claim to the Court of Claims on July 10, 1888, under the act of March 3, 1883.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: court record", "evidence_ids": [ "E989-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "The date and route of the referral.", "limitations": "The act of March 3, 1883, commonly called the Bowman Act, let Congress ask the court to find the facts of such claims; the court's findings went back to Congress rather than producing a payment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C990", "text": "Mary F. Lewis's petition, as the Court of Claims summarized it, said she lived near Boyce and that United States forces under Gen. P. H. Sheridan took quartermaster stores and commissary supplies from her Clarke County farm in 1864 worth $1,925.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the claim as the court recorded it", "evidence_ids": [ "E990-1", "E990-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "boyce", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What she claimed, and how much.", "limitations": "These are her allegations, not the court's findings. The court found a different value.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C991", "text": "Her claim listed a saddle and harness horse, a work horse, fourteen hogs, fifteen sheep, 755 bushels of corn in two entries, fifty bushels of wheat, eighty-five turkeys, seventy-five chickens and other fowls, and three barrels of family flour, with dated entries from August to December 1864.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the claim as the court recorded it", "evidence_ids": [ "E991-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "The itemized losses she claimed.", "limitations": "A list of what was claimed, not of what the court allowed; the court valued the whole at a single lower sum.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C992", "text": "On November 24, 1890, the Court of Claims found that Mary F. Lewis \"was loyal to the Government of the United States throughout said war.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: court record", "evidence_ids": [ "E992-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "The court's loyalty finding.", "limitations": "A preliminary finding the court made before hearing the merits.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C993", "text": "On December 7, 1891, the Court of Claims found that stores and supplies had been taken from the claimant's farm in Clarke County in 1864 for the use of the Army, and that their reasonable value was $1,002.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: court record", "evidence_ids": [ "E993-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The court valuation, distinct from both the claim and any payment.", "limitations": "A finding of value reported to Congress. It is not an award paid and not a payment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C994", "text": "The act of March 3, 1899, chapter 426, directed the Secretary of the Treasury to pay \"Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County, one thousand and two dollars,\" in full and final release of her claim.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: statute", "evidence_ids": [ "E994-1", "E994-2", "E994-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That $1,002 was appropriated to her.", "limitations": "An appropriation authorizes and directs payment; it does not show that money was paid, when, to whom, or net of any attorney's fee. No Treasury payment record has been examined.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C995", "text": "The Mary F. Lewis of Clarke County in the 1899 act and the claimant in Court of Claims Congressional Case No. 5328 are very probably the same person and claim: the name, county and the exact $1,002 match, and the act lists her among claims allowed under the Bowman Act by the Court of Claims.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: matched by name, county, amount and route", "evidence_ids": [ "E995-1", "E995-2", "E995-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "The join between the court case and the appropriation.", "limitations": "The act cites no case number for any claimant, so the join rests on converging details rather than a shared identifier. No other Mary F. Lewis appears in the act.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C996", "text": "In a 2026 guest essay, her descendant Barry H. Lewis writes that Mary Frances hid her nephews, who rode with John Mosby, beneath the floor of the log part of the house and stood on a rug at the doorway while Union soldiers searched it.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: family account", "evidence_ids": [ "E996-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "That the family tells this story.", "limitations": "An inherited family account written about 160 years after the events it describes. No record examined confirms it, and the nephews are not named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C997", "text": "Barry H. Lewis’s 2026 family essay says Mary Frances filed a petition on September 20, 1888, that compensation of $1,925.00 was paid, and that she used the money to build an addition to the log part of the house: a staircase and two bedrooms.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: family account", "evidence_ids": [ "E997-1", "E997-2", "E997-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis" ], "establishes": "That the family connects compensation with the staircase and bedrooms.", "limitations": "The petition date and the $1,925 payment are the essay's statements and are not independently verified. The federal records examined document a $1,925 claim, a $1,002 valuation and a $1,002 appropriation, but no disbursement and no building work.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C998", "text": "The essay identifies the claimant as Mary Frances (Bell) Lewis of Locust Grove, and the losses it lists match the court's summary of Mary F. Lewis's claim: two horses, 755 bushels of corn, 50 of wheat, three barrels of flour, 14 hogs, 15 sheep, 85 turkeys and 75 chickens, in August, November and December.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: family account matched to the record", "evidence_ids": [ "E998-1", "E998-2", "E998-3", "E998-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-f-lewis", "boyce" ], "establishes": "Why the court claimant and the woman of Locust Grove are taken to be the same.", "limitations": "The connection to the house comes from the family account. The federal records do not name Locust Grove, Westbrook or her maiden name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C999", "text": "The 2013 National Register nomination for the Chapel Rural Historic District records Locust Grove, 537 Old Winchester Road (DHR 021-0194), as a contributing vernacular dwelling that combines stone and log construction.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: state survey record", "evidence_ids": [ "E999-1", "E999-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The house's recorded status in the historic district.", "limitations": "District membership as a contributing resource, not an individual listing. The survey's 1810 date is an attribution, and the nomination says nothing about who paid for any part of the house.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1000", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 10, 1873 reported that part of the Little family was at breakfast at their father's house in Clarke County when two of the six brothers entered the dining room, locked the door and pocketed the key, and that Lycurgus Little fired the shot that killed his brother Clinton.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1000-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported had happened, and who fired.", "limitations": "A newspaper report published days after the event, not a court record. The sources disagree on the date and on where the house stood.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1001", "text": "The same report said the brothers' mother was wounded in the thigh by a pistol ball, and described the shooting of her as unintentional, she having tried to shield Clinton.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1001-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the mother was wounded, and how the paper accounted for it.", "limitations": "The phrase it seems is the Courier's own hedge. No inquest or trial record was examined for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1002", "text": "The report said Columbus and Gilbert Little took the pistols from Oscar and Lycurgus, who ran toward the barn, and that Gilbert seized a rifle and hit Oscar in the leg, after which both surrendered.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1002-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the Courier said the two were stopped.", "limitations": "A newspaper account of a struggle inside one family, published before any trial.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1003", "text": "The Courier said little was known of the causes because the family at the coroner's inquest was careful to divulge only that which was the immediate cause of his death.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1003-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Why the published record explains so little.", "limitations": "This reports the paper's characterisation of the inquest, not the inquest record itself, which was not examined.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1004", "text": "The Courier reported that Oscar and Lycurgus Little were confined in the county jail, awaiting trial.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1004-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Where the two men were held before trial.", "limitations": "The report states the fact of confinement and gives no reason for it. No reason is supplied here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1005", "text": "The Richmond Enquirer, reprinted by the Courier on July 24, 1873, described Berryville as brought into prominence at this time from being the place of confinement of the Little brothers, charged with fratricide.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an allegation, published before trial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1005-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the case drew outside attention to the town.", "limitations": "Charged with fratricide is the Enquirer's wording, printed before either trial. It is not a verdict. The convictions the Courier later reported were for murder in the second degree.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1006", "text": "The Courier of October 30, 1873 reported that Lycurgus Little was convicted at Berryville, before Judge Robert H. Turner, of murder in the second degree, and sentenced to fourteen years in the penitentiary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1006-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The first verdict and sentence.", "limitations": "Read as text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1007", "text": "The Courier of December 4, 1873 reported that Oscar Little, tried at Winchester after the case was removed from Clarke County, was convicted and given seven years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1007-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The second trial's verdict and sentence.", "limitations": "Read as text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1008", "text": "The Courier of November 12, 1874 reported that the Court of Appeals had reversed the decision below in the case of the Commonwealth against Lycurgus Little.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1008-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the first conviction did not stand.", "limitations": "A newspaper summary of an appellate decision, reported before the court's own reasoning reached this paper. The court's own opinion is examined separately, in its own words and with its own limitations (see C1268).", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1009", "text": "The Courier of April 8, 1875 reported that Gilbert Little, called by the prosecution at the second trial, testified that the killing was accidental, and that, having told the coroner's inquest otherwise, he explained the difference by saying the first statement was made under the influence of an opiate and that he was not in his right mind. Judge Turner allowed the earlier statement to impeach him but not for or against the prisoner.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1009-1", "E1009-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Why a witness changed his account, in his own stated terms, and what the court did with it.", "limitations": "This is the witness's explanation as the paper reported it, not a finding that it was true.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1010", "text": "The Courier of April 15, 1875 reported that the second jury again found murder in the second degree and fixed the term at five years.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1010-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The outcome of the retrial.", "limitations": "The reduction from fourteen years to five is the difference between two juries, and the paper gives no reason for it. The Court of Appeals opinion that sent the case back for retrial (C1268) does not address sentencing either; it explains why there was a second trial, not what the second jury weighed in setting the term.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1011", "text": "The Courier of April 6, 1876 reported, under the heading Pardons Refused, that Governor Kemper declined to pardon Lycurgus and Oscar Little after referring the application to Judge Turner, who declined to join it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1011-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a pardon was sought and refused.", "limitations": "The Courier credits the Richmond Whig for the news. No executive or penitentiary record was examined.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1012", "text": "The sources disagree about when and where the killing happened: one account places it on July 5 and another on July 6, 1873, and the house is put about seven miles from Winchester in one report and at White Post, near Berryville, in others.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: the published accounts disagree", "evidence_ids": [ "E1012-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That two basic facts of the case are unsettled in the published record.", "limitations": "Neither disagreement is resolved here. No deed, plat or court record was consulted.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1013", "text": "A Baltimore Sun special from Winchester, reprinted in the Alexandria Daily State Journal of July 7, 1873, reported that Oscar Little told Clinton they had nothing against him and did not want him to interfere in what they were about to do.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: one early account of words spoken in the room", "evidence_ids": [ "E1013-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What one early report said was spoken in the room.", "limitations": "Filed the day after the killing and reprinted three days later. The Clarke Courier, reporting on July 10, does not carry these words, and said that little evidence established what was said before the shot. That is an absence of corroboration in the Courier, not a contradiction of the Sun, and this account is reported as that paper’s rather than as established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-23", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1014", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 25, 1886 printed an item headed “An Old Acquaintance” describing an old grey-haired man sitting in “one of our hotels” when a stranger came off a train, stopped, and said his face looked familiar.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: printed by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1014-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "berryville" ], "establishes": "What the Courier printed, and the scene it set.", "limitations": "The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1015", "text": "In the Courier’s telling the old man answered that he knew the stranger “like a book,” that the stranger had boarded with him, had left without paying his board and left in the night, and had left his baggage behind him; the stranger reddened and demanded to know who he was.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: quoted from the printed item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1015-1", "E1015-2", "E1015-3", "E1015-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "The reported exchange, in the paper’s words.", "limitations": "A printed anecdote with quoted dialogue, not a transcript. The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1016", "text": "The old man is given as answering: “I am, sir, Captain Jack Warner, and you are Quartermaster Murphy, and you escaped from the prison at Libby while I was commissary of that institution,” and the stranger as replying that he had indeed boarded with him and given him the slip.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: quoted from the printed item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1016-1", "E1016-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "The identification the item makes, as the item makes it.", "limitations": "This is what the Courier printed, not an identification the records confirm. No Captain Jack Warner has been located among Libby’s commissaries in the published accounts read for this page, and Quartermaster Murphy has not been checked at all. Both remain open. The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1017", "text": "The Courier explained that Murphy belonged to a New York regiment and was captured and sent to Libby, and that prisoners who were practitioners of medicine were allowed to attend the sick in the prison hospital, with the freedom of the grounds, to go and come at will.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: quoted from the printed item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1017-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "The liberty the item says made the escape possible.", "limitations": "The item’s own explanation. No prison regulation, order or roster was consulted for this page. The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1018", "text": "The item says a green sentry would not let the doctors pass and was sharply reprimanded by Captain Gibbs, who told him that men wearing red ribbons on their coat lapel should pass unmolested, and that Murphy overheard it, tore a strip of red flannel from inside his vest, pinned it to his coat, got past the guard and reached the Union lines in safety.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: quoted from the printed item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1018-1", "E1018-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "The escape as the Courier described it.", "limitations": "The Courier’s account of an escape, printed at least twenty years after it is said to have happened, with no date and no named unit beyond “a New York regiment.” Whether the officer it calls Captain Gibbs was at Libby at all is not established by anything read for this page. The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1019", "text": "The item closes: “The meeting described herein is the first since those days when, as captor and captive, they dwelt within the walls of the famous southern prison.”", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: quoted from the printed item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1019-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "How the paper framed the meeting.", "limitations": "The paper’s framing of its own item. The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish that the meeting happened in Berryville, in Clarke County, or at all. What is established is what the paper printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1020", "text": "On the page as printed, the item carries no credit line and is followed immediately by an unrelated anecdote, “A Sensible Dog,” set on a New Mexico ranch.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: read on the page image", "evidence_ids": [ "E1020-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "A fact about the page itself, which bears on whether the scene is local.", "limitations": "This establishes what the page looks like, not where the anecdote came from. An uncredited item may be local or may be syndicated filler; the page does not say which.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1021", "text": "The Richmond Dispatch of November 6, 1861 described prisoners of war as consigned to the care of “Capt. Gibbs, the energetic officer commanding at the military prisons.”", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Richmond Dispatch", "evidence_ids": [ "E1021-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "That an officer named Gibbs commanded the Richmond military prisons in late 1861.", "limitations": "Read as a transcription on civilwarrichmond.com, not the newspaper page. The item gives no first name or initial, so it does not by itself establish which Gibbs this was.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1022", "text": "The Richmond Dispatch of January 13, 1862 reported that Captain Gibbs, who had had charge of the prison depots in Richmond, had been promoted to Major in the Provisional Army and was going to Salisbury, North Carolina, that morning, and that the Richmond prisons would be kept as a receiving depot under Lieut. Hairston of the 19th Mississippi regiment.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Richmond Dispatch", "evidence_ids": [ "E1022-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "That the Gibbs who had charge of the Richmond prisons left the city in January 1862.", "limitations": "Read as a transcription on civilwarrichmond.com, not the newspaper page. It reports a departure, not a permanent absence, and says nothing about where this officer served later.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1023", "text": "A 1980 master’s thesis on the Richmond prisons states that early in March 1862 prisoners were moved from the tobacco warehouses of Rocketts into the four-storey building owned by Libby and Sons, and that Lieutenant Thomas P. Turner assumed command of the prison.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: modern scholarship, not a record of the period", "evidence_ids": [ "E1023-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "When the building became a prison, and who commanded it.", "limitations": "Secondary scholarship of 1980, cited for a background date. The underlying records it rests on were not examined for this page.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1024", "text": "The Clarke Courier itself printed, twice in 1871, that Captain George W. Alexander had commanded at Castle Thunder in Richmond during the war.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: printed twice by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1024-1", "E1024-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "berryville", "richmond-wartime-prisons" ], "establishes": "Who the Courier’s readers had been told commanded the other Richmond prison.", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only, and both blocks are visibly garbled by OCR; no page image was inspected for either issue. Both items are the Courier relaying other papers. That Alexander commanded Castle Thunder does not by itself exclude an officer named Gibbs from either prison.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1025", "text": "Four things the sources read for this page leave unsettled: where the reported meeting happened, whether the anecdote’s Captain Gibbs is the officer of that name in the Richmond records, whether a Captain Jack Warner was ever Libby’s commissary, and anything at all about Quartermaster Murphy.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: four open questions", "evidence_ids": [ "E1025-1", "E1025-2", "E1025-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "What this page does not establish, stated as such.", "limitations": "Each is open for a different reason. The location is unsettled because the item carries no credit line. The Gibbs identification is unsettled because the officer located in these records was in Richmond before the Libby building became a prison and left the city in January 1862, which neither makes nor rules out the connection. Warner is unsettled because only a handful of published accounts were read and no prison staff roster or muster record was consulted. Murphy was not checked at all. The item gives no date for the escape, so its chronology cannot be tested directly. Misremembering across twenty-odd years would be one explanation among several; it is a possibility, not a finding.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1026", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 27, 1869 reported that the circuit court had adjourned on Saturday the 23d after a session of two weeks, and that its grand jury had found a true bill against Pinkey for killing Elliott Cary.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1026-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "alec-cary", "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That an indictment was reported, three weeks after the paper's first report of the killing.", "limitations": "A true bill is an indictment. It is not an arrest, a trial or a verdict, and the item reports none of those. The item gives Pinkey no surname and calls the dead man Elliott; it is read as this case because of the names, the act and the NO ARREST item beside it. It dates the court's adjournment, not the grand jury's finding, and the month of the adjournment is read from the issue date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1027", "text": "The same issue reported that Constable Fryer had gone a few days earlier to Madison county, Pinkey's former residence, to arrest him on a report that he was there; that the report proved false; and that people in his old neighborhood had heard of the killing only a few days before the constable arrived.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1027-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "pinkey-blakely" ], "establishes": "That an attempt to arrest him was reported, and that it failed.", "limitations": "The item names the constable by title and surname only, and this project does not identify him further. It dates the trip only as \"a few days ago\", names no state for Madison county, and says nothing of where Pinkey was or of any further search.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1028", "text": "The Courier printed the dead man's given name three ways: \"Alec\" in its report of October 6, 1869, \"Elliott\" in its court report of October 27, and \"Alec, (or Elliott)\" in the NO ARREST item of the same day.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1028-1", "E1028-2", "E1028-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "alec-cary" ], "establishes": "That the newspaper itself did not settle his given name.", "limitations": "Three printings by one newspaper. None is a record made by his family, a court or a registrar, and none says which name he went by.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1029", "text": "The Richmond Daily Whig of September 16, 1854 printed an item, credited to the Winchester Virginian, reporting that on the night of Sunday the 3d six men were drowned in the Shenandoah \"near Parker's landing, in Clarke county,\" trying to cross back in a small boat from a groggery on the mountain they had gone over to that morning.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1029-1", "E1029-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the drowning was reported, with the night, the river and a named landing in Clarke County, in an account the Whig credits to the Winchester Virginian.", "limitations": "A reprint. The Winchester Virginian's own issue has not been inspected, and the credit line does not date its printing. The place is the account's own wording: Parker's landing is not identified with any later or modern crossing, and it is not placed from where anyone named in the item lived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1030", "text": "The same item reports that three of the men had been hired by Alfred Castleman from Dr. E. Hoard and Dr. Fisher of Fauquier, and that of the others two belonged respectively to James W. and C. C. Larue and the third to Miss Emily Bell.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1030-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Who the Virginian's account, as the Whig printed it, says hired or held the six men.", "limitations": "A newspaper's list, not a record of ownership or hire, and it names none of the six men. It is not reconciled with the Dispatch's different list: Hoard and Hood, Dr. Fisher and Mrs. Elvira Fisher, and James W. Larue and James Larue are not treated as the same people. The \"J\" of \"James\" is damaged in the print.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1031", "text": "The Richmond Daily Dispatch of September 15, 1854 reported that, of six drowned in the Shenandoah on \"the 3d inst.\", three belonged to James Larue of Clarke County, two to Mrs. Elvira Fisher of Fauquier and one to Dr. Enos Hood of Fauquier.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1031-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Who the Dispatch says the six belonged to.", "limitations": "An uncredited notice that does not say where its information came from. A list, not a record of ownership; it names none of the six and says nothing of hire. It is not reconciled with the Whig's different list, and names that look alike are not treated as the same people. The retained crop cuts the left margin, so a few leading letters in the transcription are reconstructions.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1032", "text": "The same notice says the six \"were subsequently recognized\", and does not say what that involved.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1032-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the notice reports the six as recognized at some point after the drowning.", "limitations": "\"Subsequently recognized\" does not by itself establish that the bodies were recovered, or where, when or by whom they were recognized.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1033", "text": "The Whig's \"Sunday, the 3d\" and the Dispatch's \"the 3d inst.\" in its issue of September 15 together place the drowning on the night of Sunday, September 3, 1854.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a reading from the issues' own dates", "evidence_ids": [ "E1033-1", "E1033-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "A date for the drowning, derived from the two items and their issue dates.", "limitations": "An inference. Neither item prints a full date: the Whig gives a weekday and a day of the month, and the Dispatch a day of the current month.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1034", "text": "The Whig's account marks its explanation as a supposition: at the groggery, \"it is supposed, they became more or less intoxicated.\" It does not say who supposed it, and neither account mentions an inquest or any inquiry.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1034-1", "E1034-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That intoxication is the paper's supposition, not a finding.", "limitations": "The paper gives no source for the supposition. No inquest or other record of the deaths has been inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1035", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of September 13, 1877 called the stockholders of the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike Road to meet at \"John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood,\" at 12 o'clock on Monday, October 1, 1877, to elect a president and directors.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1035-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood" ], "establishes": "That the turnpike company announced a stockholders' meeting at a Millwood hotel it called John Sprint's.", "limitations": "A notice of a scheduled meeting; it does not report that the meeting took place. It names the hotel and nothing more about it. The hotel's John Sprint is not identified with John W. Sprint or with anyone else.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1036", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 10, 1917 reported that John W. Sprint, \"one of the highly esteemed citizens of Boyce,\" had died at his home there; that he was born in Winchester on June 26, 1829 and moved to Millwood with his parents when young; that his wife, the former Emily Shearer of Millwood, had died about five months earlier; and that he left one son, J. Trone Sprint, a Boyce magistrate, and six daughters.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1036-1", "E1036-2", "E1036-3", "E1036-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "millwood" ], "establishes": "What the Courier's obituary says of John W. Sprint's life and family.", "limitations": "An obituary's account. It does not mention the 1877 hotel or the 1882 firm, and nothing here identifies him with the hotel's John Sprint or with the firm's \"J. W.\" Its list of survivors is not a list of every child.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1037", "text": "An advertisement in the Clarke Courier of September 14, 1882, signed \"J. W. SPRINT & SON, BOYCE, VA.,\" offered phosphates \"tested by farmers in our immediate vicinity\" and said the firm expected to make their handling \"a special branch of our business.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1037-1", "E1037-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce" ], "establishes": "That a firm signing itself J. W. Sprint & Son, of Boyce, advertised phosphates in 1882.", "limitations": "An advertisement. It names neither partner in full: its \"J. W.\" is not identified with John W. Sprint, and the son is not named. It says nothing about when the firm began or ended.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1038", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's published abstract of the Clarke County marriage register records that Thomas H. Sprint, 29, a merchant, the son of John W. and Emily Sprint, married Mamie Humston, 23, the daughter of Benj. F. and Fannie Humston, at Berryville on May 26, 1886.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a published abstract of the register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1038-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint" ], "establishes": "What Duncan's abstract records of the 1886 marriage and the couple's parents.", "limitations": "A secondary published abstract, read on a scan of the printed page; the register page it cites, p. 137, was not inspected. It is the only record here that names Thomas H. Sprint's father as John W. Sprint, and it does not identify the hotel's John Sprint of 1877 or the partners of the 1882 firm. It names the bride's mother Fannie, where Humston's will names his wife Rebecca F.; the two are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1039", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 6, 1944, reporting the death of Thomas Hatcher Sprint, born July 25, 1894 in Clarke County, named his parents as \"the former Miss Mamie Humston of Shenandoah county, and Thomas H. Sprint of Clarke county,\" and his surviving brothers and sister as J. Ashby Sprint of Winchester, Frank H. Sprint and Mrs. Lucy Sprint Crim.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1039-1", "E1039-2", "E1039-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint", "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That the obituary names Mamie Humston and Thomas H. Sprint as Thomas Hatcher Sprint's parents, and J. Ashby Sprint, Frank H. Sprint and Lucy Sprint Crim as his brothers and sister.", "limitations": "An obituary's account of the family, not a legal list of heirs. Thomas Hatcher Sprint, the son, is a different person from his father, Thomas H. Sprint.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1040", "text": "In a will dated April 30, 1902, B. F. Humston gave \"my daughter Mamie R. Sprint\" the farm in Clarke County \"known as the Bellview farm,\" which the will says was conveyed to him by Marshall McCormick, trustee, and adjoined the lands of Mrs. Julia A. Anderson and others, to hold \"for and during the term of her natural life\" with its rents, issues and profits; at her death it was to pass to her children and the descendants of any of them then dead.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1040-1", "E1040-2", "E1040-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint", "bellview-farm" ], "establishes": "The terms of Humston's will for the Bellview farm, as the will book records them.", "limitations": "The will's own terms. It gives no acreage, bounds or location, and does not name Mamie's children or set out their shares. Its account of how Humston acquired the farm is not checked against a deed, which has not been found. The date is the will's execution: it was admitted to record in 1904, and neither date is a conveyance date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1041", "text": "The Clerk's Office of the Circuit Court of Clarke County recorded on October 17, 1904 that the last will and testament of B. F. Humston, deceased, was produced and admitted to record.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1041-1", "E1041-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The date on which Humston's will was admitted to record.", "limitations": "The clerk's entry. It is not the date the will was signed, which was April 30, 1902, and it is not a conveyance date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1042", "text": "The inventory and appraisement of B. F. Humston's personal estate, dated October 31, 1904, lists under \"Bellview Place\" 534 bushels of wheat at $1.12, $598.08; hay, $58.50; 16 bushels of clover seed at $6.00, $96.00; and 100 barrels of corn at $1.90, $190.00.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1042-1", "E1042-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "bellview-farm" ], "establishes": "That Humston's appraisers listed crops under the heading \"Bellview Place\" in 1904.", "limitations": "An appraisal of personal property. Crops listed under a place name are not a title record and give no acreage or bounds. Only these lines are transcribed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1043", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 11, 1929 reported that the partnership of Sprint and Petely, apple exporters, formed in 1925 by Ashby Sprint and George Peteley, had been formally dissolved, and that Mr. Sprint would keep the office the firm had used.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1043-1", "E1043-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported an apple-export partnership of Ashby Sprint and George Peteley, formed in 1925 and dissolved by April 1929.", "limitations": "A short news item. It dates the dissolution only by this report. The paper spells the partner's name both \"Petely\" and \"Peteley\"; neither is corrected here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1044", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 26, 1928 reported that Ashby Sprint, of Winchester, and Harry C. Warden, of Clarke County, had concluded negotiations for the property of Logan Shutt near Kabletown, Jefferson County, W. Va., and were taking possession at once: 600 acres, about 250 of them in apple orchard, with a packing house that, it was said, \"has often turned out 1,000 barrels of packed apples a day.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1044-1", "E1044-2", "E1044-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported Ashby Sprint and Harry C. Warden taking possession of an orchard property near Kabletown in 1928.", "limitations": "A news report, not a deed. The property is in West Virginia and is not the Bellview farm. Its figures differ from the 579 acres, 285 in orchard, reported in 1932, and are not reconciled. The output figure is hearsay in the report itself.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1045", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 4, 1929 reprinted a Winchester Star report that the first car of summer apples shipped from the section for export, Early Transparents handled by J. Ashby Sprint, Winchester apple exporter, had left Winchester \"today,\" consigned to Connolly Shaw, Ltd., of Liverpool.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1045-1", "E1045-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That a report reprinted from the Winchester Star named J. Ashby Sprint as the exporter of the season's first export car of summer apples.", "limitations": "A reprint that depends on the Star's report; the Star's issue has not been inspected, and its \"today\" is not dated here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1046", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 reported that the officers of the Berkeley Springs Ice and Cold Storage Company, formerly the Morgan County Cold Storage Company, of Berkeley Springs, W. Va., were H. C. Warden of Berryville, president, J. Ashby Sprint of Winchester, vice-president, and J. F. Wilson of Martinsburg, secretary and treasurer, and that it had a capacity of 65,000 barrels.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1046-1", "E1046-2", "E1046-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That the Courier named J. Ashby Sprint as vice-president of a Berkeley Springs cold-storage company in 1930.", "limitations": "A news report. The capacity is as the paper gave it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1047", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 7, 1932 reprinted a Winchester Star report, datelined Charles Town, W. Va., December 24, that a receiver had been asked for Blue Ridge Orchards, Incorporated, by four stockholders, Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. Warden and Mr. and Mrs. Ashby Sprint; it listed liabilities of $85,000 and a 579-acre tract in Kabletown district, 285 acres of it in orchard, \"taken over by the Warden and Sprint group in 1928.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1047-1", "E1047-2", "E1047-3", "E1047-4", "E1047-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint" ], "establishes": "That a report reprinted from the Winchester Star named Mr. and Mrs. Ashby Sprint among the stockholders who asked for a receiver for Blue Ridge Orchards.", "limitations": "A reprint that depends on the Star's report; the Star's issue has not been inspected. It reports a petition, not the outcome of the receivership. Its Kabletown figures differ from those reported in 1928 and are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1048", "text": "A trustees' notice in the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1933 advertised for sale on September 30, 1933, under a trust deed dated May 2, 1931, an apple packing house 110 feet by 50 at White Post Station, standing on twenty-two hundredths of an acre owned by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company \"and leased to J. Ashby Sprint.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1048-1", "E1048-2", "E1048-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "j-ashby-sprint", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the land under a packing house at White Post Station was described in 1933 as leased to J. Ashby Sprint.", "limitations": "An advertised sale; no completed sale is recorded here. The lease is of the railway land under the building. The notice does not say that J. Ashby Sprint owned or ran the packing house, and it names no operator. It concerns White Post, not the Sprint packing house at Boyce. The trust deed is recited, not inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1049", "text": "The Clarke Courier's report of November 19, 1931 on the county's apple harvest said that, in addition to three larger plants, Petley and Cather, of Winchester, operated a packing plant at White Post, and that \"The Sprint packing house at Boyce packed a large run from that neighborhood.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1049-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the 1931 harvest report named a Sprint packing house at Boyce, separately from the Petley and Cather plant at White Post.", "limitations": "The report names no operator or owner for the Sprint packing house, and does not say whose apples it packed or exactly where it stood. Nothing here identifies it with J. Ashby Sprint, with the White Post packing house on leased railway land, or with the Bellview farm.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1050", "text": "The Clarke Courier's report of November 24, 1932 on the apple harvest again named Petley and Cather's packing house at White Post and, separately, said that \"the Sprint packing house packed a large quantity from that neighborhood.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1050-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the 1932 harvest report again named the Sprint packing house separately from the White Post house.", "limitations": "Unlike the 1931 report, it does not place the Sprint packing house at Boyce, and it names no operator for it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1051", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of December 8, 1927 advertised that, by an order in the matter of Charles Whirley in bankruptcy, horses and colts, a mule colt, hogs and pigs, wagons, binders, harness, farm implements and 75 barrels of corn would be sold at public auction on December 14, 1927 \"at the farm of Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint, near Boyce.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1051-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That a bankruptcy sale of Charles Whirley's stock and equipment was advertised to take place at Mamie R. Sprint's farm near Boyce.", "limitations": "An advertised sale; no result is recorded here. The notice does not name the farm, and it does not say that Whirley rented, worked or managed it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1052", "text": "The Clarke Courier's list of land delinquent for 1933 taxes, in its issue of November 7, 1935, carried \"Sprint, Mamie, Bellview, 300 acres .... $98.75.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1052-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint", "bellview-farm" ], "establishes": "That land listed as Mamie Sprint's Bellview, 300 acres, was delinquent for 1933 taxes.", "limitations": "A delinquent-tax list, not a title record. The acreage is as listed; the 1936 advertisement gives 306. The Library of Congress dates the issue November 7, 1935, while the page's running head reads October 31, 1935.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1053", "text": "An advertisement in the Clarke Courier of October 1, 1936 announced that special commissioners, under a decree entered on July 15, 1936 in the chancery cause of Lucy Sprint Crim vs. J. Ashby Sprint et als, pending in the Circuit Court of Frederick County, would sell at auction on October 23, 1936 a tract of 306 acres, more or less, \"about one-half mile West of Boyce,\" with a dwelling house, tenant house and large bank barn and about 25 acres in bearing orchard, reciting that it was the land devised under B. F. Humston's will to Mamie R. Sprint for life with remainder to her children.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1053-1", "E1053-2", "E1053-3", "E1053-4", "E1053-5", "E1053-6" ], "entity_ids": [ "bellview-farm", "mamie-r-sprint", "j-ashby-sprint", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the farm was advertised for sale in 1936 under a Frederick County decree in a suit brought by Lucy Sprint Crim.", "limitations": "An advertised sale, not a completed one. Its statement of the devise recites Humston's will and is not separate confirmation of it. The case caption does not name every defendant and is not a schedule of shares. The acreage and distance are as advertised; other notices give 300 acres and one mile.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1054", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 3, 1936 reported that the 300-acre tract, \"said to be one of the finest farms in the county,\" had been offered for sale \"last Tuesday\" but continued \"because the bid of $9,500 was too low,\" and that the sale of the Sprint Farm in Greenway District had been continued until Monday, December 14, when it would be offered a second time in front of the courthouse in Berryville.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1054-1", "E1054-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "bellview-farm" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported a $9,500 bid for the farm rejected as too low, and a second offering set for December 14, 1936.", "limitations": "A report of a rejected bid and a postponed offering; it records no sale. No report of the second offering's result was found in the held Courier for December 1936 to March 1937; the Winchester papers and the court file were not searched.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1055", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of February 18, 1937, signed by J. Ashby Sprint and Thomas H. Sprint as administrators of the estate of \"the late Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint,\" advertised cows and heifers, sheep, about 50 barrels of corn and some furniture for sale \"on the Sprint farm one mile west of Boyce on the Winchester Pike.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1055-1", "E1055-2", "E1055-3", "E1055-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "mamie-r-sprint", "j-ashby-sprint", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the administrators of Mamie R. Sprint's estate advertised a sale of stock, corn and furniture on the Sprint farm in 1937.", "limitations": "A sale of personal property, not land; no result is recorded here. It shows an estate role, not who worked the farm. Which Thomas H. Sprint signed, Mamie's husband or their son Thomas Hatcher, is not established. A printing of February 11, 1937 names different administrators and calls her \"Miss\"; the two printings are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1056", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of February 16, 1939, signed \"JAS. C. ROYSTON\" and headed \"Discontinuing Farming,\" advertised a public auction on February 27, 1939 of his personal property on \"The Sprint Farm 1 mile West of Boyce, Va. South of Route 50.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1056-1", "E1056-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the place was still called the Sprint farm in 1939, in a sale notice of Jas. C. Royston.", "limitations": "An advertised sale of Royston's own property; no result is recorded here. It does not say whether he owned or rented the land.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1057", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 15, 1932 reported apples being graded and packed at Moore and Dorsey's new packing plant while carpenters were still putting siding and roofing on the building, with about thirty-eight people employed there, and about as many at the Battletown Cooperative Fruit Exchange across the tracks. It said the Norfolk and Western's added sidings of the year before had raised the side-track capacity by about fifteen cars a day, and that all the Rosemont fruit was packed in a plant in the center of Harry Byrd's orchards.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1057-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the packing plants at the height of the 1932 season.", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's own, and the paper is the only witness here. The numbers at work are estimates for one day at two plants, not counts for the season or the county, and they are not compared with the paper's later figures.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1058", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 24, 1932 reported that nearly 100,000 barrels of apples, mostly grade U. S. No. 1, had been packed during the season at the three packing plants in and near Berryville, Byrd's, Moore and Dorsey and the Battletown Cooperative Fruit Exchange, and that more were packed at White Post.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1058-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "white-post", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The season's pack as the Courier reported it at the end of the 1932 harvest.", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's own, and the paper is the only witness here. The barrel count is the paper's total for three plants; it gives no figure for White Post.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1059", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 21, 1933 reported more than 5,000 acres of orchards in the county on 315 farms, with more than 200,000 trees, and said aphis and a gale three weeks earlier had cut the apple crop by about 20 percent. It put the pickers and packers at work at about 200, expected the number to be exceeded if some plants ran two shifts, and thought the crop would probably bring more money into the county than any other crop or product, much of it paid out to them.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1059-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the county's orchards and the 1933 harvest.", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's own, and the paper is the only witness here. The two-shift increase and the crop's value to the county are the paper's expectations, not reports. The worker figure is not compared with the paper's figures for other years.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1060", "text": "Under the headline \"Local Laborers Find Prosperity,\" the Clarke Courier of September 26, 1935 reported that more than 300 men and women had found work in the orchards and packing houses of Senator Harry F. Byrd, Moore and Dorsey and others, while others were cutting corn on the county's farms.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1060-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of harvest employment in September 1935, under its own headline.", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's own, and the paper is the only witness here. The framing of the harvest as prosperity is the paper's. The figure is not compared with the paper's figures for other years, and nothing here places it in a national context.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1061", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 14, 1930 reported that Berryville's water supply had been made more secure the Sunday before by another pump bringing water into the main from a spring on Dr. Page Lee's property; that for several weeks the town well had been pumped every day and the Rosemont well, offered by Governor Byrd, drawn on day and night; and that the situation was still critical.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1061-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of Berryville's water supply during the 1930 drought.", "limitations": "A report of conditions and of an expectation that the supply might last; it reports no outcome. The paper's description of the situation is its own.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1062", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 8, 1931 printed a letter of December 30, 1930 in which Ralph N. Dorsey, as chairman of the county's Drought Relief Committee, wrote to the Secretary of Agriculture that on the last round of federal loans a landlord had been required to sign away his right in the crop before a tenant farmer could borrow, that in Clarke County \"there are fifty-six per cent of the farms tenanted,\" and that unless a tenant could borrow without the landlord signing the crop lien the loans would be of no use to the county.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: letters as a newspaper printed them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1062-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What Dorsey wrote, as the Courier printed it, about crop-lien loans to tenant farmers in Clarke.", "limitations": "A letter's own statements. The 56 percent is Dorsey's figure, not a census count, and the letter reports no outcome. The paper's partisan introduction to the letters is not used. Dorsey is not identified with the Moore and Dorsey packing firm.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1063", "text": "The same issue printed a reply of January 2, 1931 from C. W. Warburton, secretary of the Federal Drought Relief Committee, saying that the department did not ask landlords to sign away their right to the crop, only to agree that its loan would be paid out of the proceeds of the crop before they shared in it; that the legislation required the Secretary to take a first lien on the crop; and that he believed landlords in Clarke County could finance their own tenants.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: letters as a newspaper printed them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1063-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What Warburton replied, as the Courier printed it, about the terms of federal crop loans to tenants.", "limitations": "A letter's own statements of policy. Neither letter reports whether any tenant in the county borrowed on those terms.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1064", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 10, 1928 reported that the county school board's request for the right to borrow for a colored industrial school in Josephine City had been continued to the supervisors' next regular meeting; that several supervisors thought the dilapidated school building in use in Josephine would soon be condemned; and that the county's Black residents had raised $1,700 among themselves, had been assured $1,000 from B. B. Jones, as the paper understood it, and would have $1,500 from the Rosenwald Fund.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1064-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "josephine-city", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a school for Black students at Josephine City was proposed, with local money raised and more promised, in May 1928.", "limitations": "A proposal, continued to a later meeting. The $1,000 is what the paper understood and the Rosenwald money a promise; the report records no decision, no building and no payment. Nothing here joins this proposal to the Training School building of 1930 or to the 2004 study's Rosenwald listing.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1065", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 12, 1932 printed the teachers named for the 1932-33 session. Among the schools for Black children it listed the Clarke County Training School at Berryville, with E. T. Johnson as principal and M. J. Edwards, Alma Layton, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson, and one or two teachers for each of the colored schools at Louisville, Millwood, Boyce, White Post and Stone Bridge.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a printed list of appointments", "evidence_ids": [ "E1065-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Which schools for Black children, and which teachers, the county's 1932 appointment list named.", "limitations": "Appointments for a coming session, not a record of who taught where or for how long. No teacher or principal named is identified with anyone in any other record, and the neighborhood schools are not identified with school entities of other years.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1066", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 18, 1933 printed the teachers named for the 1933-34 session, again listing the Clarke County Training School at Berryville and colored schools at Louisville, Millwood, Boyce, Stone Bridge and White Post, with some assignments changed from the year before.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a printed list of appointments", "evidence_ids": [ "E1066-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county's 1933 appointment list named the same six schools for Black children.", "limitations": "Appointments, not a record of service. Changed assignments between lists are not read as moves by any teacher, and no name is identified with anyone in any other record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1067", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 13, 1934 printed teacher appointments that, under the list's heading for the colored schools, named E. T. Johnson as principal of the Clarke County Training School, teachers at Berryville, Millwood, Boyce and Louisville, Estelle Mitchell for Stone Bridge and Sallie M. Lewis for White Post.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a printed list of appointments", "evidence_ids": [ "E1067-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the September 1934 list named Estelle Mitchell for Stone Bridge among the schools for Black children.", "limitations": "Appointments, not a record of service. The list also names an E. T. Johnson, Jr., at Millwood; neither he nor the principal is identified with anyone in any other record. Estelle Mitchell is not identified with any other record, and no move between schools is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1068", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 11, 1934 announced an October 15 meeting of the Colored School Improvement League of Clarke County and reported that, with tuition eliminated, the Training School's enrollment had jumped into the sixties; that a bus brought students from White Post, Boyce and Millwood while students from Louisville, Bristow Station and Webbtown walked or found other means; that bus-fund meetings had been arranged at Boyce, Millwood and Berryville; that a newly organized Woman's Guild aimed to aid the school's domestic science department; and that enrollment was expected to rise \"as soon as apple picking and corn cutting are over.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1068-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the Training School's enrollment, bus and supporters in October 1934.", "limitations": "The meeting is announced, not reported, and the further rise in enrollment after harvest is an expectation. The enrollment figure is the paper's. Bristow Station is printed as given and is not identified with Bristol. The league is not identified with the county school league of the 1920s.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1069", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 23, 1935 printed an acknowledgement sent in by Estelle Mitchell, teacher of the Stone Bridge School, in which the school and community thanked the county T. B. unit for funds used for lunches, said cocoa and hot soup had been served for three months from them, and credited the nourishment with a gain in the children's weight and mental alertness.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1069-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Stone Bridge School and community said of the lunches the county T. B. fund paid for.", "limitations": "The benefit is the school and community's own report, not a medical finding. This item names the Stone Bridge School and does not itself say \"colored\" or identify the building. The chapter places it among the county's schools for Black children because the September 1934 appointment list names Estelle Mitchell for Stone Bridge under its colored-schools heading and this acknowledgement names Estelle Mitchell as teacher of the Stone Bridge School; that association rests on the matching teacher and school names alone. The school is not identified with any other record of a Stone Bridge school, Estelle Mitchell is not identified with any other record, and no move between schools is claimed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1070", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 5, 1935 reported that the county school board had appointed fifty-three teachers for the opening of school on September 13, and listed for the colored schools the Clarke County Training School, with its principal printed as E. T. Johnston, and teachers at Millwood, Boyce, Louisville, Stone Bridge and White Post.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a printed list of appointments", "evidence_ids": [ "E1070-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county's 1935 appointment list named the same six schools for Black children.", "limitations": "Appointments for the coming session, not a record of service. The printed spelling Johnston is a variant in the paper, not a reading error, and the principal is not identified with anyone in any other record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1071", "text": "The same report said the superintendent of schools, A. F. Robertson, had stated that every child must be vaccinated by the time of entering school and that the compulsory education law would be strictly enforced \"except in cases of seasonal work,\" and that his office would stay open until nine o'clock on Saturday night, September 14, so that country people could buy textbooks.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1071-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the superintendent said the county's school policy would be for the 1935 opening.", "limitations": "Statements of policy and an announced office hour, not reports of enforcement or of who stayed out of school for seasonal work.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1072", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 26, 1930 reported that officials from the Washington headquarters of the A. & P. had leased the Berryville Cash Store building from its proprietor, Roy E. Potts, the week before, and that Potts had closed his books to credit customers, with everything to be sold for cash only.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1072-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the A. & P. leased the Berryville Cash Store building in June 1930, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "A report of a lease and a sale of stock. It does not give the store's street location or say when it would open.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1073", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 25, 1930 announced that the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company had sent invitations to practically every home in Berryville and vicinity for a preview of its new store at seven that evening, with music planned, and that the doors would open for business the next morning, Friday, with Roy E. Potts, in whose building the company would operate, as manager. It described a complete modern food store offering government-inspected fresh meats, poultry and fish besides groceries and produce.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1073-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "What the Courier announced of the A. & P. store's preview and opening.", "limitations": "An announcement, printed the day of the preview. It does not report that the preview or the opening took place as announced.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1074", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 4, 1932 reported that Roy E. Potts had accepted an offer from the A. & P. Tea Company to lease his store building for ten years, and that he had been made manager of the company's store on its establishment in Berryville in the fall of 1930 and still held that position.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1074-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the A. & P. store was operating in Berryville from the fall of 1930, by the Courier's later account.", "limitations": "A later account in the same paper, not an independent witness. It dates the store's establishment only to the fall of 1930.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-24", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1075", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 16, 1936 reported that Clarke County's centennial celebration had opened on July 8 at the Berryville Horse Show grounds with a pageant of the county's past, and put the crowd at the first showing at 3,000.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1075-1", "E1075-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the centennial's opening and its crowd.", "limitations": "The crowd of 3,000 is the paper's own figure, for the first showing only, and no other count is used. The report was printed eight days after the opening.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1076", "text": "The same report said that Senator Harry F. Byrd introduced Senator Carter Glass, and that Glass crowned the celebration's queen at coronation exercises before the pageant opened; the article's deck led with the crowning.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1076-1", "E1076-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the coronation that opened the centennial.", "limitations": "The paper's account of a ceremony it reported. The queen, her court and the other participants are not named here, and Byrd and Glass are named only in their public roles as senators.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1077", "text": "The same report listed among the pageant's scenes one portraying Shawnee life and customs.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1077-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the 1936 pageant, as the Courier reported it, staged a portrayal of Shawnee life.", "limitations": "The pageant's 1936 depiction as the paper reported it, not ethnography or history, and it is not verified, endorsed or corrected here. Only part of the program's account has been read, so the scene is one among those reported, not the whole program.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1078", "text": "The article's deck recorded tributes paid to Robert E. Lee by two speakers, one of them a congressman.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1078-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Courier's report of the centennial headlined tributes to Lee.", "limitations": "A commemoration the 1936 celebration staged, as the paper headlined it, not a statement about Lee. The deck names the speakers, who are not named here. Where and when the tributes were given is not in the part of the page read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1079", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 16, 1936 printed an unofficial report that the Clarke County Centennial Celebration had grossed approximately $2,000, and said that some receipts were still outstanding and that the other expenses were not yet known.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1079-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier printed of the centennial's gross receipts.", "limitations": "An unofficial report as the paper printed it: the gross is approximate, some receipts were outstanding and the expenses were not fully known, and no final accounting or net result is given. The item's itemized receipts and its report of the producer's fee are not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1080", "text": "The same item put stock subscriptions at about $1,300, reported separately from the gross receipts, and said stockholders would probably receive some percentage on their investment.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1080-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier printed of the centennial's stock subscriptions and the stockholders' expected return.", "limitations": "The stockholders' return is the paper's expectation, not a payment, and what they were paid is not known. The stock figure is approximate and is not part of the gross.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1081", "text": "The 1973 National Register nomination for Carter Hall dates the house to between 1792 and 1800 and says it was built for Nathaniel Burwell (1750–1814), on land he inherited from his father, Carter Burwell.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A register nomination’s historical background", "evidence_ids": [ "E1081-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "What the 1973 survey says about when and for whom the house was built.", "limitations": "A professional survey’s statement, not a building record; it cites no building account. The 1929 Courier gives 1790, and the conflict is kept. The tract acreage reads 5808 or 5308 and is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1082", "text": "The 1973 National Register nomination describes Carter Hall as a five-part limestone house whose portico George H. Burwell added after 1814. It records an extensive 1930 remodelling directed by H. T. Lindeberg, in which the stucco was taken off, the roof altered, the pediments of the one-story wings removed, and the center hall and east room combined. It also describes two dependencies about 50 feet away; three early wooden outbuildings, including the dairy and the smokehouse; a formal garden of four terraced levels laid out by Wade Muldoon in 1948; and, at the property’s southern edge, a stone gristmill it identifies as the plantation’s original.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A register nomination’s historical background", "evidence_ids": [ "E1082-1", "E1082-2", "E1082-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The buildings and grounds as the 1973 survey describes them.", "limitations": "The survey’s description as of 1973, not a building record. The survey credits the portico’s design to Thornton only by tradition, and that attribution is not used. No building is dated beyond what the survey states.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1083", "text": "The 1973 National Register nomination gives Carter Hall’s owners as a sequence. In 1814 it was allotted to George H. Burwell (1799–1873). It stayed with the Burwells until its 1902 sale to Eban Richards of St. Louis, and Richards sold it to Townsend Burwell in 1908. The Burwells held it until its 1930 sale to Gerard Lambert, and Frank E. Christopher bought it from Lambert in 1948.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "A register nomination’s historical background", "evidence_ids": [ "E1083-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The survey’s owner sequence from 1814 to 1948.", "limitations": "The preparer’s summary: no deed is cited for any transfer, so every date and buyer is the survey’s. The 1929 Courier’s “three years previously” implies about 1905 for Richards’s purchase, which conflicts with 1902; the conflict is kept. The Courier reports the Lambert sale in November 1929.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1084", "text": "The copy of the 1973 National Register nomination for Carter Hall received in June 1973 names Frank Christopher, of Carter Hall, Millwood, as owner.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: state survey record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1084-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "Who the form named as owner in June 1973.", "limitations": "The form’s owner block, not a title record or an occupancy record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1085", "text": "On a second copy of the 1973 National Register nomination for Carter Hall, an undated annotation by an unknown hand strikes through Frank Christopher’s name and marks him as deceased. It writes in the name Elizabeth Christopher West and, above it, the People to People Health Foundation, in care of Dr. William Walsh as its president.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an undated annotation on a register form", "evidence_ids": [ "E1085-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the names were written onto the form’s owner block.", "limitations": "Undated and unsigned. It does not say whether Elizabeth Christopher West conveyed to the foundation, to Walsh or to anyone; it does not date or characterize any transfer, and it does not show a gift. It is not a conveyance, and it gives no order of holding.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1086", "text": "The Virginia Landmarks Register master list carries Carter Hall, DHR 021-0012, as listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on June 19, 1973 and on the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1973.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: state survey record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1086-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The two register listing dates.", "limitations": "Listing dates from the state roster’s text layer; they say nothing about the property’s condition or ownership.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1087", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 28, 1929 reported that Carter Hall had been sold “last week” by J. Townsend Burwell to Gerard B. Lambert of Princeton, New Jersey, that “It is understood that around $250,000 was the purchase price”, and that Lambert would get legal possession on December 10; its issue of December 12, 1929 reported that Burwell would move in January, “the Lamberts taking possession then”.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: reported by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1087-1", "E1087-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the paper reported the 1929 sale, the possession it expected on December 10, and a move it said would come in January.", "limitations": "Newspaper reports read on the page images, not observed outcomes. No deed was read, and the price is what the paper “understood”. The December 10 possession and the January move were anticipated when printed. “Legal possession December 10” and “taking possession” in January are kept apart, like title and occupancy.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1088", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 9, 1930, page 5, lists “J. T. Burwell and wife to Gerard B. Lambert, ‘Carter Hall’ estate” among transfers of real estate “recently recorded” at the Clerk’s office of Clarke County, and its Millwood column on the same page reports mahogany furniture to be sold at Carter Hall on Monday, January 13, when J. Townsend Burwell would have his sale.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: printed by the Clarke Courier", "evidence_ids": [ "E1088-1", "E1088-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the paper listed the transfer as recorded by early January 1930, and announced a furniture sale still to come.", "limitations": "A newspaper’s list, not the deed: it gives no book, page, recording date or consideration. The furniture sale was announced, not reported as held.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1089", "text": "The Clarke Courier’s report of November 28, 1929 says that Carter Hall was built in 1790, and that Townsend Burwell bought it about twenty years before from Eben Richards, who had bought it three years previously from Thomas Burwell.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper’s retrospective account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1089-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "What the paper said in 1929 about the house’s age and earlier owners.", "limitations": "The paper’s retrospective statements, not records. 1790 conflicts with the nomination’s 1792–1800, and “three years previously” (about 1905) with the 1902 of the nomination and of an earlier item. The article’s wartime sentence is present and not assessed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1090", "text": "The Clarke Courier’s report of November 28, 1929 says that the slave quarters were still standing in the yard, not far from the mansion.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper’s own characterization", "evidence_ids": [ "E1090-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the paper described standing slave quarters in 1929.", "limitations": "The paper’s 1929 description, more than sixty years after emancipation. It does not identify a building, date one or say who lived there. A lead, not a finding.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1091", "text": "Colonial Williamsburg research report RR1451 transcribes a certified copy, made in 1964, of Nathaniel Burwell’s will. In that transcription, clause 2 lends the testator’s wife the Carter Hall house for her natural life, and clause 3 names “Ben & his wife Nancy”.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a transcription of a certified copy", "evidence_ids": [ "E1091-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "What the transcribed clauses say.", "limitations": "Read at two removes: a report transcription of a 1964 certified copy, not the 1813 original, which was not reached. It states a marriage, not a residence. The report concerns Carter’s Grove, a different property. Ben and Nancy are not joined to Hofstra’s count.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1092", "text": "Duncan’s abstract of Clarke Will Book B:462 records a power of attorney of 12 March 1814 from Nathaniel Burwell to his son Philip Burwell to buy two boys, George and Lewis Davis, who were to be liberated along with a girl named Janney whom the abstract also says he gives to his son; it was returned to court in June 1849.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a modern abstract, read from OCR", "evidence_ids": [ "E1092-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "What the abstract says the 1814 instrument directed.", "limitations": "A modern published abstract by Patricia B. Duncan, read from this project’s OCR of the book. That OCR reading of the entry is only partly parsed, and the original instrument was not located. Philip Burwell is Nathaniel Burwell’s son; Duncan is the abstractor. An instruction to liberate is not a record of freedom, and nothing reviewed shows whether George, Lewis Davis or Janney went free. The abstract says both that Janney was to be liberated with the boys and that she was given to the son. Neither is resolved here, and it does not establish that she was given rather than freed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1093", "text": "The Winchester Star of November 29, 2018 reported that Project HOPE had operated Carter Hall as its primary headquarters since 1978, with 14 buildings including a 26,000-square-foot administration building and a conference center accommodating 42 overnight guests; that 64 of its 680 employees worldwide were based there; and that the 87-acre estate was offered for sale, quoting a vice president on the need to consolidate operations in the Washington, D.C., area.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1093-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "What the paper reported in 2018.", "limitations": "The paper’s figures and account. The 1978 date is a report of use, not of title. The article’s account of how the organization obtained the estate is not used. No county record it refers to was inspected.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1094", "text": "The Northern Virginia Daily of October 3, 2021 reported that Project HOPE had consolidated to the Washington, D.C., area approximately one month earlier.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1094-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "carter-hall-millwood" ], "establishes": "The reported timing of the consolidation.", "limitations": "A single, uncorroborated report; the precise date local operations ended is not established. The sale and buyers it reports are not used here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1095", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 17, 1921 reported that the Berryville Basket Co., Inc., recently chartered by the State Corporation Commission to make all kinds of fruit containers, had begun putting up its buildings on an acre-and-a-half lot below the ice plant, alongside the Norfolk & Western Railroad: a main building 30 by 120 feet, another of 30 by 60 and a drier, with a fourth building of 30 by 120 feet to be erected later.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1095-1", "E1095-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the company's charter, site and planned buildings when it was organized.", "limitations": "A report at organization. The charter itself was not inspected, and whether every building was put up as described is not established. The lot is placed only by the paper's words and is not mapped.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1096", "text": "The same report names Harry C. Warden, a director of the Bank of Clarke County and president of the Hyde County Land and Lumber Co., as head of the company; E. G. Coiner, proprietor of Coiner's Department Store, as treasurer; and Capt. H. H. Burks, local agent of the Norfolk & Western, as secretary. With P. J. Keymel, S. S. Thomas and C. H. Phillips they were to make up the board, and Keymel, who had built the Battletown Fruit and Evaporating Company, was to manage the plant. It gives the company a maximum capital of $25,000.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1096-1", "E1096-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "Who the Courier named as the company's officers, directors and manager in February 1921, and its stated maximum capital.", "limitations": "The paper's own descriptions of each man's position. In 1938 the same paper prints one founder as P. J. Kimmell and another as Sam S. Thomas; those forms are not reconciled with Keymel and S. S. Thomas here. Maximum capital is an authorized limit, not money paid in.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1097", "text": "The same report says the company would supply fruit growers in that section of Virginia and West Virginia, making baskets for peaches, cherries, huckleberries and raspberries and barrels for apples, and probably egg crates; that it would have a maximum capacity of 3600 baskets and wooden containers once fully completed, which its headline gives as 3600 a day; and that between 40 and 50 persons would be employed.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1097-1", "E1097-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The products, capacity and workforce planned when the company was organized.", "limitations": "Plans at organization, not production. No later report read for this story shows barrels or egg crates being made, when the machinery was installed or how many people were first employed. Read on the page image: the machine-read text gives 8600 for the capacity and 40 and 60 for the workforce.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1098", "text": "The same report says that, apart from the apple industry, about 60,000 baskets of berries and cherries had been shipped from along the Norfolk and Western within 40 miles of Berryville the year before, and that the basket factory would make twelve enterprises doing business alongside the Norfolk and Western tracks at Berryville.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1098-1", "E1098-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The fruit trade and the row of trackside businesses the Courier set the new factory among.", "limitations": "The shipping figure is the paper's own illustration, with no stated source. The list of enterprises is the paper's as of February 1921.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1099", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 6, 1923, reporting Hugh Armel's death at the basket factory, says the big logs were unloaded from the freight cars by a huge crane whose engine Taylor Knight operated, that one of the end hooks slipped off as the crane rose, and that work was suspended for the day because many of the men were so grief stricken they felt they could do nothing more.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1099-1", "E1099-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "How the logs were handled at the plant in 1923, and how the factory stopped after the death, as the Courier reported them.", "limitations": "The paper's account of the accident. No inquest or other record was inspected, and no fault is stated here. Taylor Knight is known here only from this report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1100", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 7, 1931 reported that the Berryville basket factory had opened on the Monday of that week with about 50 people, that it was making baskets for spinach, other greens and garden truck, that it had a capacity of 600 dozen baskets a day, and that H. C. Warden was its president and R. H. Grubbs its manager.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1100-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The plant's reopening, workforce, product, stated capacity and officers as the Courier reported them in May 1931.", "limitations": "The paper's figures at a reopening. The page image and the item's subhead read about 50 people; the machine-read text gives 60. Capacity is a stated maximum, not output. R. H. Grubbs and the Raymond A. Grubbs of 1938 are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1101", "text": "The same report describes how the plant worked: a crane lowered the gum logs into steam vats to loosen the bark; each peeled log turned against a knife that pared it into a sheet; a conveyor carried the sheets under a drop knife that cut the side slats; saws made the hoops and top slats; the slats and bottoms were assembled by hand, and a machine shaped the basket and attached the hoop. It says the logs were shipped from Southside Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1101-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The Courier's description of the plant's process and its log supply in 1931.", "limitations": "A description of the plant in May 1931. It does not say when the machinery was installed or how the plant worked in other years.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1102", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 12, 1934 reported that the Berryville Basket Factory had resumed operations the Monday before with 35 to 40 people after standing idle since the fall, that how long it would run was not stated though it was thought it would continue through the summer and fall, and that it had a capacity of 200 dozen baskets a day.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1102-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "A spring restart after a winter idle, with the Courier's head count and stated capacity.", "limitations": "The expected season is an expectation, not a record that the plant ran through it. Capacity is a stated maximum.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1103", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 26, 1935 reported that the Berryville Basket Company had a weekly payroll of between 60 and 70 men and women, and that it and the Berryville Silk Mill were due to operate year-round, with a possible slowdown at the basket company in the winter months.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1103-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The size of the company's payroll in the harvest season of 1935, that it employed women as well as men, and the paper's expectation for the winter.", "limitations": "A payroll figure in a report on harvest-season employment, and an expectation for the winter. It gives no names, wages or kinds of work, and it is not comparable as a count with the paper's other figures.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1104", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 14, 1938 reported that Raymond A. Grubbs, manager of the Berryville basket factory, had announced its sale to Herbert M. Smalley of Bridgeton, New Jersey, and that the price was not disclosed.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1104-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "That the sale was announced, by whom and to whom.", "limitations": "An announcement. No deed or contract was inspected, so the date, terms and completion of the transfer are not established. Nothing here connects the buyer with the Smalley Package Company that a 1989 county survey lists in Berryville.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1105", "text": "The same report says Smalley had been in the package business for 21 years, the last eight as treasurer of the Jersey Package Company of Bridgeton, having started as a boy working in the plants, and that he said he would for the present make only baskets, without changing how the plant was set up, with Grubbs as sales manager, and would raise its capacity with new machines that were already on the way.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1105-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The buyer's stated background and his stated plans for the plant.", "limitations": "His background is his own or the paper's account and was not checked. The plans were intentions at the sale; whether the machines arrived or capacity rose is not established.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1106", "text": "The same report says the company was first formed in 1921 by Harry C. Warden, H. H. Burks, P. J. Kimmell, Sam S. Thomas, E. G. Coiner and C. H. Phillips; that lately the plant had operated year after year, stopping briefly in the winters; that its baskets were known in the East and South and favored by apple growers as a package; and that its officers before the sale were C. H. Phillips, president, E. G. Coiner, treasurer, and Raymond A. Grubbs, secretary.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1106-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-basket-company" ], "establishes": "The company's recent pattern of operation and its officers before the sale, as the Courier summarized them in 1938.", "limitations": "A retrospective in the same newspaper seventeen years after the charter, not a contemporary record of 1921. Its name forms differ from those printed in 1921 and are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-25", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1107", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 30, 1909 announced that Black residents of the section would hold \"a big gathering\" on Thursday, July 8, to unveil a monument costing about $200 \"to the memory of the original stockholders of the Milton Valley Cemetery,\" and that people from Washington and elsewhere had been invited.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1107-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "That an unveiling of a stockholders' monument was announced for July 8, 1909, with its cost and invited guests.", "limitations": "An announcement. No report that the unveiling took place was found in the Courier text held by this project; the company's 1910 advertisement says a monument had been erected. The monument's inscription was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1108", "text": "The same Courier notice says that forty-one Black men and women formed the Milton Valley Cemetery Company in 1879, bought three acres \"from Mr. Engle,\" and laid out there \"the first burial ground for colored people in this section of the State,\" and that only fourteen of the forty-one were still living in 1909.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's own account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1108-1", "E1108-2", "E1108-3", "E1108-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "What the Courier said in 1909 about the company's formation, its land and its surviving founders.", "limitations": "The paper's account thirty years after the event, naming none of the forty-one. The Josephine City historic-district nomination gives a different account: an 1874 agreement for the sale, with the deed recorded only in 1880, from A. Moore, as guardian of the Hebb heirs, not from \"Mr. Engle.\" Neither the deed the nomination cites nor the related deeds were read, so the founding date and the seller are unresolved. \"Mr. Engle\" is not identified, and the cemetery is not placed on the Milton Valley estate that shares its name. \"The first burial ground\" is the paper's claim, not a finding here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1109", "text": "The Milton Valley Cemetery advertisement in the People's Journal of June 1, 1910 offered sites for burials \"at reasonable terms,\" said the company had erected \"a beautiful\" monument \"in honor to the Stock-holders and their beloved dead,\" under the display line \"A MONUMENT,\" closed \"Everybody help in this good work,\" and was signed \"G. W. Lightfoot, Sec,\" of Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1109-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "What the company's 1910 advertisement offered and said about its monument, and who signed it, as read on the page image.", "limitations": "An advertisement is the company's own account. \"A MONUMENT\" is a display line in large capitals set between the body lines, not part of a sentence. The \"i\" of \"in\" in the closing line did not print and is restored. The signer is not identified with the George William Lightfoot of the 1924 obituary beyond the name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1110", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 4, 1924, reporting the death of George William Lightfoot, said he had been for a number of years principal of the local Black public school and that \"his name also appeared among the directorate of the Milton Valley Cemetery Company.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1110-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "That the Courier named George William Lightfoot among the company's directors at his death in 1924.", "limitations": "The obituary gives no date or office for his place on the directorate. Nothing read joins him to the \"G. W. Lightfoot, Sec\" who signed the 1910 advertisement beyond the name, so the two are kept as separate records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1111", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 printed among its personals: \"The Milton Valley Cemetery ought to have their flower strewing when flowers are plentiful.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1111-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That the paper urged a flower-strewing at the cemetery in 1910.", "limitations": "One line among the personals, read on the page image in the site's viewer. It does not say who would hold the strewing, when, or whether it took place; that it reflects a custom of decorating the graves is a reading of the line, not something it states.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1112", "text": "The same issue printed resolutions on the death of Sarah E. Mills by order of \"Gideon's Tab. No. 14,\" which remembered her as \"a member of the sick committee,\" and of \"Rose of Sharn\" (Rose of Sharon) Juvenile Tab. No. 61, which called her its \"beloved sister and Guardian.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1112-1", "E1112-2", "E1112-3", "E1112-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "gideons-tabernacle-no-14", "rose-of-sharon-juvenile-tabernacle-no-61" ], "establishes": "That two numbered tabernacles published resolutions on the death of Sarah E. Mills in 1910, one naming her place on a sick committee.", "limitations": "Read on the page image in the site's viewer. The juvenile society's name is printed \"Rose of Sharn Juvenils,\" \"Rose of Sharn Juvenile\" and \"Rose of Sharm Juvenile\" in the one resolution. The resolutions themselves do not say where she was buried; her obituary on the same page does. The order the tabernacles belonged to is not stated, and neither is tied here to the Gallean Fishermen Society beyond appearing beside her obituary.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1113", "text": "The People's Journal of July 1, 1926 printed an appeal headed \"Cemetery Walk,\" asking help for a \"very much needed Walk in the Cemetery\" and announcing an entertainment at Fishermen Hall, Berryville, on Friday night, July 2, 1926, with refreshments at reasonable price and admission free; it was signed by Hila Blackburn as president and M. C. Young as secretary.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1113-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That a committee raised money in 1926 for a path in the cemetery, with an entertainment at Fishermen Hall.", "limitations": "Read on the page image in the site's viewer. The \"walk\" is a path the committee sought; the entertainment was the fundraiser. Whether it was held or the walk built is not known. Hila Blackburn is not identified with the H. Blackburn of the board's notice, and Fishermen Hall is not identified with the Galilean Fishermen beyond the name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1114", "text": "In a card of thanks in the Clarke Courier of May 19, 1897, B. R. Blackburn thanked \"the many friends, white and colored,\" who had helped during the illness of a daughter, Ellen C. Blackburn, who died on May 15, 1897, aged about 16; after a funeral at the F. B. Church, \"her remains were deposited in the Milton Valley Cemetery.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1114-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "A burial at the cemetery in 1897, in the family's own notice.", "limitations": "The family's notice, not a burial record. B. R. Blackburn is not identified with the H. Blackburn or Hila Blackburn of 1926.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1115", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 25, 1917 reported that Helan Fields, an old and well-known Black woman who had lived nearly all her life in the community, had died at the home of her son, Dr. William H. Fields, in Cairo, Illinois, and that her remains would be brought back \"for interment in Milton Valley Cemetery.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1115-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That a woman who died in Illinois was to be brought home for burial at the cemetery in 1917.", "limitations": "The report says the remains would be brought for interment; it does not report the burial. Her first name is the page image's reading; she is printed with a period form of address that is not repeated.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1116", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 8, 1923 reported that Edward Jones, 26, who had served in the World War and been gassed at the front, died in Detroit after the grip, followed by tuberculosis in lungs weakened by gas, and was buried in Milton Valley Cemetery; his father, Isaac H. Jones, then working in Detroit, \"brought the body here.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1116-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "edward-jones-wwi" ], "establishes": "A veteran's burial at the cemetery in 1923, after his father brought his body from Detroit.", "limitations": "The paper's account of the cause of death; no military or death record was read. On the image his age is 26; the machine-read text gives 20.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1117", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 7, 1935 reported that the funeral of Lewis Myers was conducted at St. Luke's Baptist Church by the Rev. E. T. Johnson, and that his interment in Milton Valley Cemetery was in charge of the Black lodge of the Knights of Pythias, of which he had been an active member.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1117-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That a Black Knights of Pythias lodge took charge of a burial at the cemetery in 1935.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. The lodge is not named or numbered and is not identified with any numbered lodge in this collection.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1118", "text": "Funeral notices in the Clarke Courier from 1897 to 1948 that mention Milton Valley Cemetery commonly name the church and the minister in charge, the Rev. E. T. Johnson among them repeatedly, and several report the dead brought home to be buried there from other places.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a general reading of many notices", "evidence_ids": [ "E1118-1", "E1118-2", "E1118-3", "E1118-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "A general pattern in the Courier's funeral notices for the cemetery: churches and ministers in charge, and bodies brought home.", "limitations": "A general statement from this project's held run of about 65 Courier passages, most read as machine text only; only the notices of 1897, 1917, 1923, 1935 and 1945 cited here were read on the page image. No count, list of churches or list of cities is carried, and the OCR readings have not been checked on the image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1119", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 28, 1931 reported that the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion, with its Woman's Auxiliary, planned a Memorial Day service at Green Hill Cemetery on the Friday afternoon, May 29, after which the Legion would go on to Milton Valley Cemetery and place flowers on the graves of the Black soldiers buried there.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1119-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That the Legion planned in 1931 to decorate the Black soldiers' graves at Milton Valley after its Green Hill service.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. An announcement of plans; it does not report that the flowers were placed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1120", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1934 reported Memorial Day exercises at Milton Valley Cemetery, which it placed in Josephine City, similar to those at Green Hill: they opened with \"The Star-Spangled Banner,\" followed by a prayer by the Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal of the Clarke County Training School; \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\" and an address by Johnson; then \"In Flanders Fields\" and a reading by Willis Tryman; with a salute by a firing squad and taps.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1120-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "josephine-city", "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That Memorial Day exercises were held at the cemetery in 1934, with their order of service and leader, as the Courier reported them.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established, and only the titles of songs and the poem are given in quotation marks. The report gives no day or attendance.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1121", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1945 reported the death at 72 of the Rev. Edward Thomas Johnson, pastor of St. Luke's Baptist Church for nearly 25 years; it said he founded the W. B. T. Williams Training School in Josephine City and was its principal, that he was writing a history of Virginia's Black training schools for a second book to be called \"On My Way Up,\" and that he was buried in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1121-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "The Courier's account of Johnson's pastorate, school role, unfinished book and burial at the cemetery.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. The account of his career is the obituary's; the school's own records were not read for it, and the book was not seen. The school's history belongs to a separate account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1122", "text": "The Clarke County Historical Association's catalog lists a Clarke Courier photograph described as Memorial Day services at Milton Valley Cemetery on May 30, 1991.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a catalog description", "evidence_ids": [ "E1122-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That a photograph of a 1991 Memorial Day service at the cemetery is catalogued.", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only; the photograph was not seen and is not reproduced or described beyond the catalog. A single dated photograph does not show that observance continued without a break.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1123", "text": "The Clarke County Historical Association's catalog lists a plat of the graves in Milton Valley Cemetery, dated Fall 2004, kept to accompany Don and Mary Royston's volume on the cemeteries of Clarke County.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a catalog description", "evidence_ids": [ "E1123-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery" ], "establishes": "That a 2004 grave plat of the cemetery is held and catalogued.", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only; the plat was not seen, so no grave, name or count is taken from it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1172", "text": "The Josephine City Historic District nomination says the cemetery's three acres were bought in 1874 by the president and officers, or trustees, of the Milton Valley Cemetery from A. Moore, Jr., guardian of the children of Edward T. Hebb (in another passage, \"Guardian for the heirs of E. Y. Hebbs\"), and that the deed, though not recorded until 1880, refers to an 1874 agreement for the sale; it cites Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154 (1874), and suggests the parcel may have been part of the Milton Valley property.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the nomination's account of an unread deed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1172-1", "E1172-2", "E1172-3", "E1172-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "The nomination's account of the purchase, its seller and the gap between the 1874 agreement and the 1880 recording.", "limitations": "The nomination's narrative, written in 2014; the deed it cites was not read for this story, so the account is not confirmed and the conflict with the 1909 Courier, which dates the company to 1879 and names \"Mr. Engle\" as seller, is not resolved. Its two passages describe the guardian's wards differently. Read on rendered pages of the DHR-hosted PDF.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1173", "text": "The nomination says the marble obelisk at the center of the cemetery was dedicated in 1909 and contains the names of all 41 original stockholders, with the inscription \"In memory of the original stockholders and our beloved dead\"; it gives surnames on its base including Laws, Robertson, Jackson, Page, Carter and Jenkins, and names Thomas Page as one of the original stockholders, his name prominently carved on the base.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the nomination's description of the monument", "evidence_ids": [ "E1173-1", "E1173-2", "E1173-3", "E1173-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "milton-valley-cemetery-company" ], "establishes": "That the nomination describes the stockholders' obelisk and its names, and names one founder, Thomas Page.", "limitations": "The nomination's description; the obelisk and its names were not examined for this story, and the nomination does not print the 41 names. Thomas Page is named on the nomination's authority; no other record here joins him to any other Page. The inscription is as the nomination quotes it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1174", "text": "The People's Journal of June 1, 1910 reported the death of Mrs. Sarah E. Mills, about 63, with a funeral at the Free Baptist Church, Rev. B. F. Thomas officiating; it said she was a member of the \"Gallean Fishermen Society\" (the Galilean Fishermen), which \"turned out in full Regalia and performed their whole duty,\" and that her remains were followed by a long procession \"to the Milton Valley Cemetery.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1174-1", "E1174-2", "E1174-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "milton-valley-cemetery", "galilean-fishermen-society" ], "establishes": "A 1910 burial at the cemetery, and the Gallean Fishermen Society's part in the funeral of a member.", "limitations": "The obituary, read on the page image, is dated May 21, 1910 at its foot, while the Rose of Sharn resolution on the same page gives her death as May 26, 1910; the dates are not reconciled here. Nothing in it names Fishermen Hall, and the 1926 Fishermen Hall is not identified with the society beyond the name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1124", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 11, 1939 printed a note to the Training School's bond subscribers, signed by E. T. Johnson as president of the League. It said that in the previous school year nearly every Black resident of Clarke County had signed a pledge card subscribing $1 a year toward the annual bond pledge; that the League usually paid its bond allotment of $500 on or about the first of June; that this year the big annual rally would be held on June 1, with a booth in the school auditorium where subscribers could pay their dollar and get a receipt; and that it was through organization that the patrons had a roomy school building with good facilities, and bus transportation for their children.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League's own appeal", "evidence_ids": [ "E1124-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the League told its bond subscribers in May 1939 about their dollar pledges, its annual $500 payment and the June 1 rally.", "limitations": "The League's own statements in an appeal; \"nearly every\" is its wording, not a count. It announces the rally and the booth and does not report that the rally collected anything or that the 1939 allotment was paid. No report of how it went was found in the machine-read text of the issues of June 8 to 15, 1939, a search that can miss an item. The League is not identified with the county league of the 1920s. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1125", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 17, 1930 reported that the contract for the erection of the colored school building had been awarded to Kelley and Kelley, contractors of Bluemont, Va., at $17,350.00, less $407.00 for a one-pipe modulating heating plant instead of the two-pipe system and less fifty cents per cubic yard for excavation made by the patrons of the school. The building was to be of 8-inch cinder block faced with 4-inch brick, with an auditorium and four separate classrooms and two more cut off from the auditorium by folding doors; it would be for the use of the Clarke County Training School, with instruction in vocational agriculture as a feature. The Courier of May 15, 1930 said the School Board of Clarke County had awarded the contract a few weeks earlier, at the same price and deductions.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1125-1", "E1125-2", "E1125-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The contract for the Training School's 1930 building, its price, its deductions and the plan, as the Courier reported them.", "limitations": "Newspaper reports of a contract; the contract itself was not inspected. The price is the contract price, not the building's final cost, and it is not reconciled with, or added to, the Rosenwald card's total, the $8,000 in bonds or the yearly $500. The machine-read text gives $17,360; the page image reads $17,350.00. Kelley and Kelley are not identified with any other record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1126", "text": "The same report of April 17, 1930 said the colored people were holding two digging bees that week, on Wednesday and Friday; that they had gathered on Wednesday in large numbers to make good on \"Promise Number 1,\" to dig out the foundation; and that dollars had begun to come in toward Promise Number 2, \"which is more binding, covered by bonds to the sum of $8,000.\" It printed a verse by E. T. Johnson, principal of the school, with the line \"For most assuredly impatient dirt must fly.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1126-1", "E1126-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the patrons dug by volunteer bees in April 1930, and that a second promise was secured by $8,000 in bonds.", "limitations": "The paper's account, partly in the principal's words. The $8,000 is a promise secured by bonds, not a cost; the report does not say who held the bonds or on what terms, and it is not reconciled with the contract price, the Rosenwald card's total or the yearly $500. The report prints \"the colored people of the country\"; the rest of it concerns the county.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1127", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 15, 1930 reported that the digging of the foundation had been completed, and under a photograph captioned as Superintendent A. F. Robertson breaking the ground on April 17 it printed a contribution from E. T. Johnson, principal of the school. He wrote that Robertson had lined up the trench for the new building, with Johnson, the vocation teacher Morgan Edwards and some of the pupils beginning the excavation; that, as his verse had said, \"Impatient dirt must fly\"; and that the foundation had been dug by the patrons at a cost of a little over $300, with many white friends giving aid, some in cash and some in truck service moving dirt.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1127-1", "E1127-2", "E1127-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "Who broke ground for the building, that the patrons dug its foundation, and what the digging cost, as the Courier and the principal reported them.", "limitations": "Largely the principal's own account. The photograph was not examined and is not reproduced; the date comes from its caption. Morgan Edwards is not identified with the M. J. Edwards of 1936 or anyone else. The principal's history in the same piece, of Training School privileges granted seven years before and ground first broken at the May 1929 pageant, is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1128", "text": "In the same contribution E. T. Johnson wrote that \"we have already pledged ourselves to raise $500 annually\"; that on June 6 the Odd Fellows would lay the cornerstone of what was planned as \"an imposing brick, six-teacher plan school with auditorium,\" and the patrons would launch their first $500 drive; and that one thousand \"My Dollar Fund Rally\" envelopes had been distributed to the colored people throughout the county, each asked to return a dollar, and not less for anyone who wished their name to go on the cornerstone record.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the principal's own account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1128-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "The patrons' annual $500 pledge, the planned six-teacher school and the dollar envelopes, in the principal's words.", "limitations": "A pledge and a plan, not a record of payments. Whether the building was built to the six-teacher plan is not established here. The yearly $500 is a separate measure from the contract price, the bonds and the Rosenwald card's total, and is never added to them. The printed \"imposing brick , six-teacher\" has a stray space before the comma.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1129", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 5, 1930 reported an announcement by E. T. Johnston, principal of the Clarke County Training School, that the cornerstone of the new school building then being erected in Josephine City would be laid the next day, Friday, June 6, when the patrons would also hold their sixth annual pageant and \"Rally Day Drive,\" toward \"the first $500, which they have pledged to raise annually toward the new building.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1129-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "Where and when the cornerstone was to be laid, and that the day's drive was toward the first of the annual $500 payments.", "limitations": "An announcement; the report of June 12, 1930 describes the day. The principal is printed Johnston here and Johnson in the paper's other reports; both forms are kept as printed and not reconciled further.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1130", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 12, 1930 printed E. T. Johnson's account of the cornerstone day. It rained. The parade started ahead of time, led by the Charles Town band and the Odd Fellows of Millwood, with the schools and communities following alphabetically, Berryville, Boyce, Bristoe, Louisville, Millwood, Stone Bridge and White Post. It moved down Liberty Street to Railroad Street, up Main into Church, and out Church into Josephine; the speeches were made between showers; and after three attempts the stone was placed in the north east corner of the Clarke County Training School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the principal's own account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1130-1", "E1130-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city", "liberty-street-berryville", "main-street-berryville", "church-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "That the cornerstone of the Training School was laid, with a parade through Berryville to Josephine City.", "limitations": "The principal's own account, printed as his contribution; it also refers to \"The Rev. Johnston\". It does not give the date, which the June 5 announcement set for Friday, June 6. The lodge and the band are named only as printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1131", "text": "The same account says the proceeds from the pageant passed the $500 mark; that just $100 more was needed before the dedication, which would be early in September, since the agriculture hall was still to be completed, the playground enclosed, and there was no play apparatus at all; and that more than 400 \"My Dollar Fund\" envelopes were out.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the principal's own account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1131-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "What the cornerstone pageant raised and what the principal said was still needed before the dedication.", "limitations": "The principal's figures. It does not say whether the proceeds counted toward the first annual $500. The dedication was planned; whether and when it took place was not checked. None of these sums is added to the others.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1132", "text": "The League's 1939 appeal for its annual $500 bond allotment, paid on or about the first of June, matches in amount and season the $500 a year the patrons pledged in 1930 toward the building and the June rally at which they began raising it. No record read says that the 1939 payment was the same pledge.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: an inference from matching notices", "evidence_ids": [ "E1132-1", "E1132-2", "E1132-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the story's link between the 1930 pledge and the 1939 appeal is a reading of the League's notices, not a stated fact.", "limitations": "Same sum, same June rally and the same principal, but the paper never says the 1939 allotment is the 1930 pledge. The League's accounts and the School Board's minutes, which might settle it, were not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1133", "text": "A Julius Rosenwald Fund card, no. 3876, for a \"Berryville School\" in Clarke County, Va., records five acres of land and a six-teacher type building, built under the 1930-31 budget on application no. 10-J, at a total cost of $20,900: $1,700 from Black contributors (printed \"Negroes\"), none from whites, $15,300 public and $3,900 from the Rosenwald Fund, with insurance of $10,000.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the fund's own card; the identification is probable", "evidence_ids": [ "E1133-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Rosenwald Fund recorded a six-teacher Berryville school built under its 1930-31 budget, and what it recorded of the money.", "limitations": "The card names a \"Berryville School\", not the Clarke County Training School. Its identification with the Training School building is probable, not certain: it rests on the six-teacher plan the principal described in 1930, the matching dates and the $1,700 the Courier reported raised in 1928. The total is the project's cost as the fund recorded it, not the 1930 contract price, and it is not reconciled with, or added to, the contract, the $8,000 in bonds or the yearly $500. The card's handwritten red marginal note is not transcribed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1134", "text": "The John F. Slater Fund's Proceedings and Reports for the year ending September 30, 1930 prints a \"List of 384 Schools 1929-30,\" the county training schools on its roll, state by state, in which the figure after each county is the number of years its school had been on the list. Under Virginia it lists Clarke 2, post office Berryville, superintendent A. F. Robinson, principal E. T. Johnson. The report's section on county training schools says the fund had aided in establishing them since the session of 1911-12.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the fund's printed list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1134-1", "E1134-2", "E1134-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Slater Fund counted Clarke's training school, at Berryville, on its 1929-30 list, in its second year there.", "limitations": "A printed list for one year; it gives no grant for the school and does not say what the fund paid it. The superintendent is printed A. F. Robinson, where the Courier prints A. F. Robertson; both forms are kept. The section on the fund's aid was read in the archive's machine-read text, not on the page image. Later lists were not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1135", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 16, 1936 announced that members of the Civilian Conservation Corps from Camp George Washington would give a program at the Clarke County Training School on Sunday afternoon, April 19, at 3 p.m., for the benefit of the bus fund, and that a silver offering would be taken.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1135-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That a CCC program for the school's bus fund was announced for April 19, 1936.", "limitations": "An announcement; no report that the program was held was sought for this story. It names none of the performers.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1136", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 18, 1936 announced the annual meeting of the School Improvement League of the Clarke County Training School for Monday night, June 22, in the school auditorium, where the annual report would account for all monies received and where they came from; it asked those who had pledged envelopes and not yet reported to attend, and said the bus had been paid for.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League's own notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1136-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the League said in June 1936 that its bus had been paid for.", "limitations": "A notice of a meeting to come, carrying the League's statement. The annual report was not found or read, and the bus's cost and seller are not given. The School Improvement League is kept apart from the County Improvement League named in 1937 and from the county league of the 1920s.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1137", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 29, 1937 reported the principal's statement that the County Improvement League had successfully operated a school bus, aided largely by private donations, money raised from entertainments and help from the School Board.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1137-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "How the principal said the school's bus had been kept running by 1937.", "limitations": "The principal's statement. It gives no dates, costs or routes. The County Improvement League is not identified with the School Improvement League of 1936 or with any other league.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1138", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 7, 1938, reporting a proposed county budget on which taxpayers would be heard by the Board of Supervisors on April 11, said it raised the school levy by five cents, from 75 to 80 cents, and that the increase was for adding a bus for colored school children, with its operation and maintenance, and for equipping a shop to teach children a trade.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a proposal reported before a public hearing", "evidence_ids": [ "E1138-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county proposed in 1938 to pay for a bus for Black schoolchildren.", "limitations": "A proposal before a public hearing. Whether the budget was adopted as proposed, and whether a bus was bought under it, was not checked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1139", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 8, 1938 printed the county's school bus routes, among them Bus No. 3 (Colored), with Thomas Jackson as driver. Its Route 3-A left the railroad crossing near Stone Bridge at 7:30 a.m., went by way of the White Post, Boyce and Millwood colored schools, leaving the lower grades at each, and ended at the Clarke County Training School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a published route list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1139-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "stone-bridge", "white-post", "boyce", "millwood" ], "establishes": "That in September 1938 a county bus route served Black schoolchildren and ended at the Training School.", "limitations": "A published schedule, not a record of service. It does not say that Bus No. 3 is the bus proposed in the April budget or the bus the League had run. Thomas Jackson is known here only from this list. The colored schools on the route are not identified with school records of other years.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1140", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 7, 1936 reported that the Clarke County Training School's judging team had come home with a silver loving cup for first place in the judging contests at the annual spring rally at Petersburg. There Harry C. Kelly was the highest individual in judging hens and fifth highest in mules, and Robert C. Williams third highest in judging hogs. Williams had been the second highest individual at the state rally the year before, and on Virginia's judging team at the national meeting at Tuskegee, Ala., had won first place in judging white potatoes. The team of Williams, Kelly and Edward L. Lewis was to represent Virginia at the national meeting at Hampton Institute in August.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1140-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "The 1936 state result of the school's judging team and its members' placings, as the Courier reported them.", "limitations": "The paper's report, not the contest's records. The students are named as printed and are not identified with anyone of a similar name in other records, including later graduate lists.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1141", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 10, 1936 reported that the Clarke County Training School's judging team, Robert C. Williams, Harry C. Kelly and Edward L. Lewis, under the direction of M. J. Edwards and with William T. Mason as alternate, had returned from the National Convention of the New Farmers of America at Hampton, Va., where sixteen states were represented, having won fifth place in all classes judged. Williams was fifth highest in dairy cows and ranked third in judging mules in the southeastern section; Lewis was the highest individual in judging laying hens, third highest in eggs and corn, and fourth in the entire class of livestock.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1141-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "The team's result at the 1936 national convention, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report; the New Farmers of America's convention records were not read, so the placings are unconfirmed there. The paper prints Mason as an \"alternative\". M. J. Edwards is not identified with the Morgan Edwards of 1930. The machine-read text of the item is garbled; it was read on the page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1142", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 11, 1937 reported that the agricultural basketball team of the Clarke County Training School had won a hard-fought game from the Harrisonburg team on February 3 by a score of 17 to 12.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1142-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "A 1937 win by the school's agricultural basketball team.", "limitations": "A short report. The machine-read text gives February 8 and 17 to 18; the page image reads February 3 and 17 to 12. The Harrisonburg team is not identified further.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1143", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 7, 1936 announced a pageant, \"The Negro in Clarke County, 100 Years,\" to be presented by the Clarke County Training School on the school grounds on May 21 in connection with the county's centenary. It said the pageant grew out of classroom study arranged under seven topics, running from protection and conservation, production and distribution through communication and transportation to religion, education and the extension of freedom; that the elementary division sponsored six subjects and the high school division the seventh, a finale called \"The Oracle of Time,\" picturing the next hundred years; that the cast would come from the county's Black citizens; and that industrial exhibits would be in the vocational building, educational exhibits in the classrooms and antiques in the main school building.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1143-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the school announced its own centennial pageant, built on classroom study, for May 21, 1936.", "limitations": "An announcement. No report of how it went was found in the machine-read text of the issues of May 28 to June 11, 1936, a search that can miss an item. It is the school's own program, separate from the county's centennial celebration of July 1936.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1144", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 17, 1938 announced that the home economics department of the Clarke County Training School would sponsor an art exhibit in the school auditorium on Sunday afternoon, February 20, shown again on the Monday evening, made up of a traveling loan exhibit from the art department of the Virginia State College for Negroes in Petersburg and contributions from the local schools of Clarke County, in three divisions: fine art, domestic art and industrial art.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1144-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the school announced a February 1938 art exhibit pairing a college loan collection with local schools' work.", "limitations": "An announcement. No report of how it went was found in the machine-read text of the issues of February 24 to March 3, 1938, a search that can miss an item. The guest speaker it names is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1145", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 29, 1937 reported E. T. Johnson's announcement that the Clarke County Training School's annual field and track events would be held on May 27 at the school grounds at Josephine City; that for the past twelve years the county's colored schools had staged either a field day or a pageant each year to raise funds and build interest; and that the day would bring relay, pursuit, potato and sack races, high and broad jumping and pole vaulting, basketball and baseball in the afternoon, and a social at night.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1145-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the school announced a field day for May 27, 1937, as part of a twelve-year run of field days and pageants.", "limitations": "An announcement. No report of how it went was found in the machine-read text of the issues of June 3 to 17, 1937, a search that can miss an item. The twelve years are the principal's count.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1146", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 15, 1938 reported that the basketball teams of the Clarke County Training School had won both opening games with Leesburg High School on the Friday night before, the girls by 15 to 8 and the boys by 49 to 29.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1146-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the school had girls' and boys' basketball teams in 1938, and their opening results.", "limitations": "A short report. The players it lists are not named here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1147", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 4, 1939 reported that the Athletic Association of the Clarke County Training School had just closed a successful indoor basketball tournament; that the school had a gymnasium it called splendid; and that on Thursday, June 1, 1939, under the auspices of the public schools of Clarke County, a \"miniature olympic\" would be staged, with schools and communities invited to enter and a social to end the night.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1147-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the school had a gymnasium by 1939 and announced a \"miniature olympic\" for June 1, 1939.", "limitations": "An announcement, and the association's own praise of its facilities. No report of how it went was found in the machine-read text of the issues of June 8 to 15, 1939, a search that can miss an item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1148", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 21, 1936 announced the Clarke County Training School's commencement for Tuesday, May 26, with the address to the graduates by Prof. Arthur D. Wright, printed as president of the \"John A. Slater Fund,\" and asked friends of the school who had pledged funds to turn them in at the exercises. Diplomas were to be awarded by A. F. Robertson, superintendent of schools.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting, announced ahead of the date", "evidence_ids": [ "E1148-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "Who was announced to speak at the 1936 commencement, and that pledges were to be paid in there.", "limitations": "An announcement. The paper prints \"John A. Slater Fund\"; the fund was the John F. Slater Fund. The students it names are not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1149", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 10, 1937 reported that the Clarke County Training School had graduated nine students at exercises on Tuesday night in the school, after a baccalaureate sermon by the Rev. F. de Lisle Pike; that after the invocation the Negro National Anthem was sung; that the address to the graduates was by A. G. Richardson of what the paper called the State Department in Richmond; and that Superintendent of Schools Archie F. Robertson awarded the diplomas.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1149-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That nine students graduated in 1937, and how the program ran.", "limitations": "The paper's report. A. G. Richardson is named as printed and is not identified with any other A. G. Richardson. The graduates it lists are not named here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1150", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 13, 1940 reported that twelve seniors of the Clarke County Training School had graduated the week before. The program included addresses by Fannie J. Paige on what we try to do in our schools, Sophia J. Holmes on the school yesterday and today, Lucille Jackson on what the school had meant to her academically, Elizabeth Smith on what it had meant to her vocationally, and Esten Thornton on what the community expects of the school; Superintendent A. F. Robertson awarded the diplomas.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1150-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That twelve seniors graduated in 1940, and what the program's addresses were about.", "limitations": "The paper's report. The speakers are named as printed; their roles in the school are not given, and they are not identified with names in the graduate list or in other records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1151", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 15, 1940 reported that the county School Board had authorized the continuance of lunch projects at several schools, among them the Clarke County Training School, and two new projects for the year, at Millwood colored and White Post colored.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1151-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Training School's lunch project was continued in 1940 and new ones were added at two schools for Black children.", "limitations": "An authorization by the board, not a report of meals served. The neighborhood schools are not identified with school records of other years.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1152", "text": "The \"Courier Chatter\" column of the Clarke Courier of August 6, 1942 reported that Mrs. Eddy Joyce and Mrs. Gordon Levi, spotting for the first time at the post on Rosemont Circle on the Monday morning, had been told to call \"Red Flash\" into the telephone on sighting an airplane, a signal that in the Army's usage meant bombs were falling or parachute troops were landing; that they called it in for one plane and again for another a few minutes later; that the Interceptor Command in Baltimore called back to ask whether Berryville was being bombed; and that, put straight about the signals, the two women now said \"Army Flash.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the column's own account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1152-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "How the Courier's column told the \"Red Flash\" mix-up at the Berryville post.", "limitations": "A humorous column's account; no second source for the episode was found, and it is presented as the column's story. The two women are named as the column prints them. Rosemont Circle is the post's printed location in 1942, not a present-day address.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1153", "text": "The same column reported that approximately 250 applications for supplementary gasoline ration coupons had been handled by the local board through Saturday.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1153-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The paper's count of supplementary gasoline applications by early August 1942.", "limitations": "An approximate figure from the paper; the board's records were not seen. The page image reads 250 where the machine-read text is garbled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1154", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 12, 1941 reported that the formation of a Clarke county station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service was being carried out by H. B. Harris, commander of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and Townsend Burwell, and that Commander Harris asked for volunteers as chief observers and observers for the eight posts to be established in the county.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1154-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts" ], "establishes": "That the county's aircraft warning station was being organized in June 1941, by whom, and for how many posts.", "limitations": "An announcement of formation, not an outcome: it does not show that eight posts were set up. H. B. Harris is not joined to any other Harris, nor Townsend Burwell to any other Burwell.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1155", "text": "The same report outlines the plan: a state-wide system of unpaid volunteers to watch for enemy aircraft; for each local post, a chief observer living within the area who would name about 15 observers, also living within the post's territory; and local posts reporting enemy planes to either Roanoke or Richmond, where the report would be analyzed and sent on to Norfolk for action.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1155-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts" ], "establishes": "How the state plan was described to the county's readers when the posts were organized.", "limitations": "The plan as the paper printed it; it describes the intended system, not how the county's posts actually reported. It is not a county report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1156", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 22, 1943 said the Aircraft Warning Service in Clarke county had first been inaugurated with about nine posts set at strategic points in the county about two years before, and that the year before the posts had been closed and three new ones set up.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1156-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts" ], "establishes": "The paper's own later summary of how many posts the service began with.", "limitations": "A retrospective written about two years later. The paper's December 18, 1941 report of the first posts could not be retrieved and was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1157", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 1, 1942 reported that a check-up on the Monday showed approximately 275 persons had registered at the Court House for defense work, for 347 various functions, and that the registrar announced about 75 more registrants not included in those figures. Its list of functions includes 56 auto drivers, 26 canteen workers, 15 air raid wardens, 14 messengers, 11 for typing, 4 airplane spotters and 3 for knitting.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1157-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How many people had offered themselves for defense work at the Court House by the end of 1941, and in what roles.", "limitations": "Counts of offers to serve, not of work done. The registrar is named in the report and not in the story. The story's remark that the posts found their observers through their own chief observers is an explanation from the June 1941 plan, not a figure in this report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1158", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 22, 1942 reported that at its January 19 meeting the tire rationing board granted a tire each to two mail carriers, and a tube to one of them; granted an ice and cold storage business two truck tires from an application for four; and denied one request for a tire and tube.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1158-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The tire rationing board's decisions at one meeting in January 1942.", "limitations": "The paper's report; the board's records were not seen. The applicants are named in the report and summarized here by role, as an editorial choice. The headline's two tires and one tube are the grants for passenger cars.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1159", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 30, 1942 reported that eliminating all air warning posts in the county and centralizing them at three points was discussed on the Monday night in Berryville at a meeting called by H. B. Harris, who had established the posts the year before; that the purpose was the tire and gasoline rationing and to have the posts manned 24 hours a day; that preliminary plans would locate them in Berryville, Boyce and White Post; and that the Rev. E. D. Vaughan, pastor of the Berryville Presbyterian Church, had been appointed chief observer in Berryville, W. D. Burtner had been appointed at Boyce, and A. Mackay Smith had been suggested for White Post.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1159-1", "E1159-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville", "boyce", "white-post" ], "establishes": "Why and how the county's posts were to be concentrated at three places in 1942, and who was named to lead them.", "limitations": "A discussion and a preliminary plan; the three-post operation is shown by the paper's July 1943 report. W. D. Burtner at Boyce in April 1942 is not joined to the auctioneer of the same printed name in 1944, and no one person is asserted to have led the Boyce post throughout.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1160", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 7, 1942, the day sugar registration was to end at the schools, reported that 3,726 persons in Clarke county had registered for sugar rationing books through Tuesday, according to a survey by the official in charge; that the total for Monday, the first day, was 1,428 and for Tuesday 2,308; that he expected about 6,800 or 6,900 people to register in the county; and that D. G. Cooley, principal, said registration at Berryville would be held that evening from 7:30 to 9 o'clock.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1160-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "How many people registered for sugar ration books in the first two days, as the paper printed the figures, and where registration was held.", "limitations": "The figures are kept as printed: the two day counts add to 3,736, ten more than the printed total of 3,726, and neither is corrected here. The final county count was not checked. The expected total is an estimate. D. G. Cooley is named as printed and not joined to any other record of that name.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1161", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 14, 1942 reported that hundreds of motorists had come to the school houses that week to register for gasoline rationing cards, where they were questioned by school teachers; that the cards were being issued at Berryville High School, Boyce High School, Providence Chapel School, White Post School, Gaylord School and the Millwood Colored School; and that the X card entitled its holder to unlimited quantities of fuel.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1161-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county's schools served as gasoline registration offices, with teachers questioning motorists, and which schools did so.", "limitations": "The schools are named as printed and are not joined to school records elsewhere in this project. The paper adds that many sought the X card but only a few were issued.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1162", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 21, 1942 reported that in the first weekend under gasoline rationing the county's motorists kept up their custom of a Sunday afternoon drive and the swollen Shenandoah River drew much travel; that Main Street in Berryville had been almost empty of cars on the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of that week, and that, as someone pointed out, rationing had solved the parking problem in Berryville; and that 1,255 car owners had signed up for ration cards at the schools, 431 of them for A cards and, as the article's continuation on page 4 and its subhead give it, 49 for X cards.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1162-1", "E1162-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "main-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "How the first days of gasoline rationing looked in Berryville, and how many car owners received the basic and unlimited cards.", "limitations": "The paper's own observations and counts. The parking remark is an unnamed person's, as the paper reports it. The page image reads 431 where the machine-read text is garbled; the X figure is on the page 4 continuation and in the page 1 subhead.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1163", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 28, 1942 reported that, on account of gasoline rationing and the conservation of rubber, there would be no baccalaureate sermon that year at the W. T. B. Williams Training School, and that at commencement a photograph of Dr. W. T. B. Williams would be unveiled, his sister drawing the veil.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1163-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That rationing changed the school's 1942 commencement plans, as the paper announced them.", "limitations": "An announcement before commencement, not a report of it. The school's name is as printed; it is not joined here to the Clarke County Training School record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1164", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of September 24, 1942, signed M. W. Jones, Jr., Berryville, said that, being unable to get tires for his truck to deliver milk, he would be compelled to discontinue deliveries after September 30, 1942, and thanked his customers for their patronage and loyalty during the years he had served them.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1164-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a Berryville milk delivery was to stop for want of tires, in its dealer's own public notice.", "limitations": "A signed notice stating an intention; it does not show when deliveries actually stopped. It gives no business name. M. W. Jones, Jr. is not joined to any other M. W. Jones.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1165", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 24, 1942 reported that the Berryville Aircraft Warning Post planned to change from four-hour to three-hour watches beginning October 1, which would require 28 more observers for the added shifts, besides 21 more spotters for hours vacant then or when school began, approximately 50 in all; that the new shifts would begin at 8 a.m. and run around the clock, the daylight shifts manned by the ladies and the night hours given to the men, with an assistant chief observer in charge of each day's group and two observers on duty at the same period; that those willing to give three hours a week were asked to call the chief observer, E. D. Vaughan, or the assistant chief observer for the day they wished to serve; and that identification cards would be issued to all observers and arm bands to those with 25 hours of service.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1165-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "How the Berryville post planned to keep watch around the clock from October 1942, and what it asked of volunteers.", "limitations": "A plan and an appeal, not a record of how the shifts were filled. The daily assistant chief observers are printed but not listed here; the Rev. H. G. Lane among them is not joined to the Rev. Henry G. Lane named in 1943. A printed \"three-four periods\" is probably a typesetting slip and is not relied on.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1166", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 3, 1942 reported that the erection of a spotters' post in White Post was voted on the Thursday night of the previous week at a meeting called by A. Mackay Smith, chief observer; that the spotters voted to copy the post at Brucetown, an elevated building about 16 feet in the air, with a post on top 8 feet, enclosed by glass, and a walkway around it; that Smith hoped to raise $140 to pay for the materials and furnish it; and that it would be erected on donated land, with the labor donated.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1166-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "white-post" ], "establishes": "The White Post spotters' decision to build a post of their own, its model and its funding plan.", "limitations": "A vote and a plan. Whether the post was built is not shown by any page read for this story. The building committee and the landowner are named in the report and not here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1167", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 3, 1942 reported that the spotter post at Boyce was dedicated on the Sunday by George H. Burwell in the Parish House as \"the material expression of a watchful public spirited community,\" and that John Zombro, chief air spotter of the post, who presided, thanked those present for their contributions and said he was sure they considered their work just beginning.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1167-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the Boyce post was dedicated in late November 1942, by whom, and what was said.", "limitations": "The paper's report of the ceremony. John Zombro is not joined to the John E. Zombro named in 1943 and 1944, nor George H. Burwell to Townsend Burwell. The quotation is as printed, with a line-end hyphen closed up.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1168", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 3, 1942 reported that of Clarke County's monthly war bond quota of $26,000, $6,000 or more was credited to the Junior Woman's Club of Clarke County in the last week of the campaign, and that every Saturday during November the club's president arranged bond-selling booths in the Berryville stores.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1168-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The Junior Woman's Club's part in the county's November 1942 war bond sales, as the paper credited it.", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's; no bond or club records were seen.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1169", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 22, 1943 reported that the three observation posts in Clarke county had been closed at midnight the night before on an order from the War Department, which announced that in its opinion \"the danger of a large scale sustained attack from the air in this section has passed\"; that the posts were to maintain their organizations and be ready to spring back into action on short notice; that their chief observers had been A. Mackay Smith at White Post, John E. Zombro at Boyce and the Rev. Henry G. Lane at Berryville; and that observers were asked to report the hours they had served so that the War Department could present souvenirs.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1169-1", "E1169-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville", "boyce", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That the county's posts were closed by War Department order in July 1943, the reason given, and who had led them.", "limitations": "The paper's report of the order; the order itself was not seen. The Rev. Henry G. Lane is not joined to the Rev. H. G. Lane named in 1942.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1170", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of November 9, 1944 offered for sale the air spotter station at Boyce on Friday, November 10, 1944, at 4 p.m.: a building about 12 by 12 feet, containing much good timber and window sash, with an automatic oil heating stove that had proved an excellent heater in all kinds of weather. It invited all observers to state how they wished the proceeds of the sale used, gave the terms as cash, and was signed by John E. Zombro, chief observer, with an auctioneer and a clerk.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1170-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the Boyce station was advertised for sale at auction in November 1944.", "limitations": "An advertisement of a sale to come. It does not show that the sale took place, who bought the building or what became of it; that outcome was not checked. The auctioneer and clerk are named in the notice and not here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1171", "text": "The Library of Virginia's blog post \"Keep Your Eyes Aloft\" (November 6, 2013), by its local records archivist Callie Lou Freed, describes the Greene County (Va.) Ground Observer Corps Post 128-G log book, dated February to June 1943, which came from the Greene County Courthouse into the Library of Virginia's collections and is open to researchers.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a later institutional account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1171-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts" ], "establishes": "That at least one Virginia county's observation-post log book survives at the Library of Virginia.", "limitations": "A later interpretive post about one county's log book; it does not mention Clarke County. No Clarke log was found in the searched material, which does not show that none survives.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1200", "text": "A notice in the Clarke Courier of August 14, 1930, contributed by E. T. Johnson, \"president of the Colored School Improvement League,\" said that Friday, September 5 had been chosen for the dedication of the Clarke County Training School, \"the building just recently erected in Josephine City for the colored.\" It said the League wished to thank the public \"for making it possible that a modern six-teacher modified plan brick school has been erected in Josephine for the colored children of this county,\" and that Prof. W. D. Gresham, Supervisor of Negro Education of the State, would speak at one-thirty and present Dr. J. M. Gandy, president of Virginia State College for Negroes. It was signed by the Clarke County Colored Improvement League.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League's own notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1200-1", "E1200-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That the League announced the dedication for September 5, 1930, thanked the public for the building and named its speakers.", "limitations": "An announcement; it does not report the day. The League appears in the same notice as the Colored School Improvement League, the Clarke County Improvement League and the Clarke County Colored Improvement League; it is treated as one League in the paper's usage, names as printed, and is not joined to the county School League record of the 1920s. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1201", "text": "The same notice recalled that \"some nearly eight years ago\" Prof. T. C. Walker had come to the League's First Parade Pageant and Field Meet at the Berryville Fair Grounds and \"stressed the help that Mr. Rosenwald was offering, providing that we raise a like sum,\" and said: \"We more than met that requirement.\" It said Walker would be present at the dedication.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League's own recollection", "evidence_ids": [ "E1201-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the League itself tied Rosenwald help, offered on condition of a matching sum, to the new building.", "limitations": "The League's recollection eight years on; the eight-year count and the claim to have more than met the requirement are its own, and no Rosenwald Fund record of the offer was read. \"Mr. Rosenwald\" is taken to be Julius Rosenwald. T. C. Walker is named as printed and is not identified with the \"C. T. Walker\" printed in 1938.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1202", "text": "A notice signed by E. T. Johnson in the Clarke Courier of September 4, 1930, the day before the dedication, said the white citizens had helped in many ways and that special seats were reserved \"for all of our white friends so long as these seats last\"; that the morning session's prime speakers would be Profs W. D. Gresham, Supervisor of Negro Education in the State, and T. C. Walker, \"Rosenwald Agent\"; and that at night there would be music by Hoffman's band (printed \"Hoffman's bind\") and Dr. J. M. Gandy, president of State College for Negroes, would be the speaker.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the principal's own notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1202-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "The program the principal announced for the dedication, and the seats reserved for white guests.", "limitations": "An announcement of a program, not a report of it. \"The program begins at 7:30\" is not tied to a session and is not used. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1203", "text": "A contributed report in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 said that on the morning of April 17 the principal, E. T. Johnson, some of the school boys, some of the patrons and Superintendent A. F. Robertson had gathered to break ground, Robertson \"spading out the first dirt\"; that patrons from all over the county offered help and the women patrons furnished meals for the workmen; that a patron asked beforehand for rock had refused, \"narry rock\" was the reply, and that plenty of rock was then found in the path of the excavators and lay in a pile waiting for funds to crush it for the drive-in; and that digging out the foundation cost the patrons of the county $375, \"paid for in full by cash and personal work.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1203-1", "E1203-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "How the school's patrons, in their own report, remembered the digging and what it cost.", "limitations": "An unsigned contributed report in the patrons' voice. Its $375 differs from the \"little over $300\" of the principal's May 1930 contribution; both are printed and neither is reconciled with the other. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1204", "text": "The same report said that a few days before the dedication the patrons were informed that the county did not furnish chairs for the auditorium, took the job on themselves, and faced a debt of $680 with a little over $100 in hand toward it; and that the contractor had pushed the work unceasingly \"and without a let up,\" making it possible to enter the building.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1204-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the patrons reported taking on the auditorium chairs and a $680 debt for them.", "limitations": "The report's own figures; no account of the chair debt or its payment was read. The $680 is not added to any other figure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1205", "text": "The same report said that the first speaker, Prof. W. D. Graham (so printed), Supervisor of Negro Education, was introduced after the Rev. Mr. Butsler, pastor of a Methodist church, had given the invocation; that after lauding the School Board and praising Superintendent Robertson he met superlative applause when he said the school would not have been possible without the untiring effort and leadership of E. T. Johnson; and that Lawyer T. C. Walker had come all the way from Gloucester and spoke \"in the same jovial and jocular vein,\" sometimes \"bordering upon the serious,\" and had built up a school in his community for the boys and girls of Gloucester and was a trustee of Manassas Industrial School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1205-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "Who spoke at the dedication and how the patrons' report described them.", "limitations": "The report prints the supervisor as Graham in this passage and as Gresham later in the same report and in the earlier notices; the spelling is not resolved. The machine text of this passage is garbled; the page image is clear except for the faint name of the church, which is not used. Butsler is named as printed and not identified further. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1206", "text": "Under the heading \"The Day Goes Over Big,\" the same report said that in the afternoon a community group, mostly teachers, sang folklore selections including \"The Blind Man Stood on the Road and Cried\" and \"Roll, Jordan, Roll\"; that the song service for the night program was in the hands of the Training School group, with selections such as \"America the Beautiful\"; that people from a distance lingered about with parked cars waiting for Dr. J. M. Gandy, president of Virginia State College for Negroes, who spoke at 7:30; that Gandy stressed the go-to-college spirit and training in things such as agriculture, electric wiring, steamfitting and brick-laying, which the State school was stressing, and dealt at some length with the compulsory school attendance law; and that Mr. Robertson and Mr. Gresham, in evidence during each program, emphasized the use and not the abuse of the facility.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1206-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "The afternoon and evening programs of the dedication, as the patrons reported them.", "limitations": "The report's own account and judgments. The song titles are as printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1207", "text": "The same report thanked the white public and the many churches and friends for helping to realize \"our eight-year dream,\" and said that the cornerstone laying on June 6, amid an array of Odd Fellow regalia with lodges from well nigh all over the Valley, had drawn a concourse of people outnumbering that of the dedication \"with its no-gate fee\"; \"Our people delight in paying their way so far as they are able.\" The writer did not think it far wrong to say that on Friday, September 5th, \"never a more representative group of colored people ever gathered to do honor to any occasion.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1207-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "How the patrons' report compared the dedication with the cornerstone day.", "limitations": "The writer's own comparison and judgment; no attendance figures are given for either day. The writer is unsigned, and no gender or identity is assigned.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1208", "text": "The same report said it suspected that when school opened \"on the 12th\" there would hardly be room to hold the entrants, and closed: \"The pile of rock lies there uncrushed; the drive-in must be rocked before the miry weather sets in; the chairs are unpaid for, and our bond must be met.\" It said a quartet culled from among the boys was traveling with the principal everywhere, singing the school needs into the hearts of the people, and that readers \"would do well to give us a hearing.\" The report's headline said the building was ready for opening tomorrow.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned contributed report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1208-1", "E1208-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That in September 1930 the patrons reported the drive unfinished, the chairs unpaid and a bond to be met, and a quartet raising money.", "limitations": "The opening is expected, not reported. The machine text reads \"the 13th\"; the page image reads \"the 12th\", which fits the headline's \"tomorrow\" (Friday, September 12). The report names no amount or holder for \"our bond\".", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1209", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 reported that Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., was confined to her bed as a result of injuries received when she slipped and fell from the platform at the dedication exercises for the new colored school the week before.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1209-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That a woman was reported injured at the dedication.", "limitations": "A one-sentence local item. Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., is named as printed and is not identified further.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1210", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 18, 1930, reporting the opening enrollments of the county's schools, said the enrollment of colored youths in all schools of the county totaled 350.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1210-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The paper's county-wide count of Black pupils enrolled at the opening of the 1930-31 session.", "limitations": "A county-wide figure for all the Black schools, not the Training School alone.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1211", "text": "The Clarke Courier of January 15, 1931 reported that the total per cent attendance in the colored schools of the county for December was 93.8 per cent, and gave the Clarke County Training School 95.4 per cent.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1211-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The Training School's reported attendance for December 1930.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. Percentages are as printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1212", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 13, 1930 announced that on the next night, Friday, \"In India,\" an operetta by fifty pupils of the Sumner High School for the colored of Martinsburg, would be presented in the auditorium of the new colored school building in Josephine City for the benefit of the local school, with the Sumner High School orchestra, at 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1212-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "josephine-city" ], "establishes": "That a benefit operetta was announced for the new auditorium in November 1930.", "limitations": "An announcement; no report of the performance was sought. Martinsburg as printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1213", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 4, 1931 reported that commencement exercises of the Clarke County Training and Elementary Schools were held at the Training School Auditorium on Monday night, June 1st, with the address by Prof. Robert L. Custis, instructor in psychology at State College, Petersburg, and the invocation by the Rev. R. L. Rollins, pastor of the Zion Baptist Church; it listed seven high-school graduates and elementary certificates for pupils from Berryville, Boyce, Louisville and Millwood, and said the Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal, and members of the School Board reported a most successful session for the county's colored schools in attendance, scholarship and efficiency.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1213-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville", "boyce", "louisville", "millwood" ], "establishes": "That the Training School held its 1931 commencement in the new auditorium, as the paper reported.", "limitations": "The graduates are counted, not named, here. That it was the first commencement in the auditorium follows from the building's opening in September 1930; the report does not say so. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1215", "text": "A paragraph in the Clarke Courier of April 30, 1931 urged readers to boost the Berryville Training School pageant of May 15th, gave the school's supporters credit for the modern building and equipment, and said the proceeds of the pageant were devoted to curtailment of the building debt assumed by the School League.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's own paragraph", "evidence_ids": [ "E1215-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That in 1931 the paper described the building debt as assumed by the School League, with the pageant's proceeds going to reduce it.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. An unsigned paragraph; it gives no amount for the debt.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1216", "text": "An announcement in the Clarke Courier of April 23, 1931 said the Berryville Training School's seventh annual pageant would be held on the school grounds on Friday, May 15, 1931; that the six-teacher brick building was really the outcome of such events; that the financial obligation assumed by the Clarke County School League called for more concerted efforts than heretofore; that the public was invited to an open-air production, \"The Conflict,\" in which all the county's colored schools took part; and that five hundred \"My Dollar\" envelopes had been issued. It was signed by the committee: E. T. Johnson, President; Alma Layton, Secretary; Annie Banks, Treasurer.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League committee's announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1216-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the League's committee described its financial obligation for the building and its 1931 fund-raising.", "limitations": "Paraphrased apart from printed titles and names; the issue's rights are not established. An announcement; it does not report the pageant. Names as printed and not joined to person records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1217", "text": "An announcement in the Clarke Courier of October 8, 1931, headed as an annual fall event for the benefit of the Training School Building Debt Fund and signed by E. T. Johnson, President, and Alma Layton, Secretary, for the County School League, said that to keep the pledge made to the School Board, to contribute $500.00 annually toward the upkeep of the Training School, the League had organized two big functions, the Fall Festival and a Spring Pageant; that it had been charging $1.00 a ticket for the festival, including admission and supper, \"but owing to the 'depression cry'\" the ticket that year would be 50 cents including supper; and that the festival would be held in the school auditorium on Friday night, October 23, 1931.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the League's own appeal", "evidence_ids": [ "E1217-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That in 1931 the League described a $500 annual pledge to the School Board, raised by two events, under a Building Debt Fund heading.", "limitations": "The heading names a Building Debt Fund while the text calls the $500.00 an upkeep pledge; both are recorded as printed and not reconciled. An announcement; the festival's result was not read. Names as printed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1218", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 26, 1934 reported that E. T. Johnson, principal, had announced the Clarke County Training School's annual pageant for May 25 on the school grounds, and said the pageant was a yearly event of the colored people to raise their $500 pledge toward the support of the Training School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting of the principal's statement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1218-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That in 1934 the pageant was still described as raising the $500 pledge.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. The page image reads $500 where the held machine text reads $540. An announcement. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1219", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 12, 1935 announced a meeting of the Clarke County Improvement League of the Clarke County Training School for Monday night, September 16, and said monthly meetings were held to map plans for the payment of debts on the school building and school bus.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a meeting notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1219-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That in 1935 the League still reported debts on the school building and the bus.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. A notice; it gives no amounts.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1220", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 3, 1941 reported, from an Associated Press dispatch, that Dr. W. T. B. Williams, vice-president of Tuskegee Institute, had died at his home there on March 26, and that he was a native of Stone Bridge in Clarke County, born July 3, 1869, and a graduate of Hampton Institute, Phillips Academy at Andover and Harvard University. A local tribute initialled W. A. B. said that few in the county recognized him as Taylor Williams, who grew to manhood in Millwood; that he returned to Millwood every year for a brief visit and at his death held title to the modest residence where he spent his youth; and that ten years earlier, when the Virginia Legislature appointed a commission to survey the state's educational and economic conditions, its chairman drafted Dr. Williams to prepare the report on Negro education in Virginia.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting and a signed tribute", "evidence_ids": [ "E1220-1", "E1220-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "stone-bridge", "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The paper's account of Dr. Williams's death, his Clarke County origins and his report for the legislature's commission.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. The tribute's recollections are its writer's; the commission's report itself was not read. \"W. A. B.\" is recorded as printed and is not identified with the W. A. Bradford who signed a letter in 1945, or with any person record. The paper prints the name as W. T. B. Williams here and as W. B. T. Williams in 1945, and a 1945 letter gives William Taylor Burwell Williams; these are the paper's usages for one man.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1221", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 13, 1941 announced that the new shop building of the Clarke County Training School would be dedicated on Sunday, November 16, and that the Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal, said it would be dedicated to \"National Defense\"; that the program would include Samuel A. Madden, adviser of Negro WPA education, Clay B. Carr, chairman of the Clarke County Board, and Archie F. Robertson, superintendent of schools; that friends of the school, both white and colored, were invited; that the school's name had been changed to the W. T. B. Williams Training School in honor of Dr. Williams; and that the school had grown from almost nothing to a value of $45,000.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1221-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That by November 1941 the paper reported the school renamed for Dr. Williams, with a new shop to be dedicated.", "limitations": "An announcement of the shop dedication, not a report of it. The renaming is reported as done but not dated. Which county board Carr chaired is not stated. The $45,000 is the notice's own figure and is not added to any other. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1222", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 25, 1944 announced that the colored schools of Clarke County would stage their usual pageants on Wednesday night, May 31, in the auditorium of the W. T. B. Williams Training School, and printed a statement by the Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal: for the past 20 years they had staged some type of pageantry or a field day, through which they had done their bit in a financial way for education facilities in the county; that year each school, and possibly each room, offered a separate presentation, the Training School rooms \"The Passing of the Philosophers and Sages,\" the elementary \"Following the Flag,\" the seventh grade \"Victory Garden,\" Home Economics \"Crowning the Queen of Production,\" Millwood \"The Negro in the Navy\" and White Post \"How We Can Serve\"; friends were invited to say farewell to \"the last sacrificial effort through pageants\"; in June he would walk out of the school system as principal and teacher and pass the gavel to younger hands; and he thanked them for having sacrificed with him in building up the plant.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the principal's own statement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1222-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "millwood", "white-post" ], "establishes": "That in 1944 the principal described twenty years of pageants as the Black schools' financial effort and announced his retirement.", "limitations": "An announcement; the pageants' result was not read. \"Last\" is the principal's word for the pageants; the statement does not say that the League's bond or any other obligation had ended. E. T. Johnson is named as printed and is not joined to any person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1223", "text": "The same Clarke Courier obituary of November 22, 1945 said the Rev. Edward Thomas Johnson died on the Friday afternoon at his home on Liberty Street, seventy-two years old; that after graduating from the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, now Virginia State College, he began his career as a teacher and minister and was credited with founding the first Negro training school in Virginia, at Nottoway; and that he was born in Brunswick County, Va., on August 19, 1873.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an obituary", "evidence_ids": [ "E1223-1", "E1223-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "liberty-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "The obituary's account of Johnson's death, birth and early career.", "limitations": "Paraphrased; the issue's rights are not established. The account of his career is the obituary's own; the Nottoway claim was not checked in any other record. The survivors it names are not used. The Friday is November 16, 1945; the issue is Thursday, November 22.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1224", "text": "A letter in the Clarke Courier of December 13, 1945, signed W. A. Bradford, said the paper's notice of the Rev. E. T. Johnson's death had given a complete review of his positions but reached no conclusion on whether his influence was worthy; that it was obvious to anyone who attended the public occasions at his training school that his influence was reflected in the good behavior of his pupils and their advancement; that he followed in the footsteps of Booker T. Washington and William Taylor Burwell Williams; and that the community owed a debt to the memory of a man who was \"a guide and counsellor to his people.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a signed letter of opinion", "evidence_ids": [ "E1224-1", "E1224-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "How one correspondent judged Johnson's influence after his death.", "limitations": "A letter of opinion and tribute; its judgments are the writer's. Its remarks ranking Johnson below Washington and Williams, and \"never an agitator,\" are not used. W. A. Bradford is named as printed and is not identified with the \"W. A. B.\" of 1941 or with the W. A. Bradford person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1225", "text": "In the Courier items read for this account, from September 1930 to May 1944, the League's building debt or bond is described as still to be met or paid toward; none of them reports that it was paid off, refinanced or taken over by the county.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: no report found", "evidence_ids": [ "E1225-1", "E1225-2", "E1225-3", "E1225-4", "E1225-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the searched record leaves the League's bond open.", "limitations": "Not found in searched material. A search of the held machine-read text of the Courier, 1930 to 1948, for school or League passages with money terms (debt, bond, pledge, $500, paid off, mortgage, refinance and others) returned 91 hits, all read; after 1935 they are county, war-bond, legal-notice or other-school items, apart from the 1936 and 1939 League items and the 1945 letter. Machine text can miss an item. The county School Board's minutes, the League's accounts and the bond itself were not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1226", "text": "The League's August 1930 notice ties Rosenwald help, offered on condition of a like sum raised locally, to the new building, and the principal's program named T. C. Walker as Rosenwald Agent at its dedication. Together with the Julius Rosenwald Fund's card for a six-teacher \"Berryville School\" in Clarke County, built under the 1930-31 budget, this makes it probable, but not certain, that the card describes the Clarke County Training School building.", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "assessment_label": "Unconfirmed: a probable identification", "evidence_ids": [ "E1226-1", "E1226-2", "E1226-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the identification of the Rosenwald card with the Training School is strengthened but stays probable.", "limitations": "The card names only a \"Berryville School\" and no Training School. An Internet Archive full-text search for Berryville, Rosenwald and training school found no relevant hit; HathiTrust showed a security check and was not used. The card's figures are not added to any Courier figure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "state_of_affairs", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1227", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 2, 1945 reported that the Observation Post at White Post had recently been sold for $150 to W. R. Thompson, who had moved the building and its supporting structure to his property adjoining the former site; that the price was considered very good in view of the fact that a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction; and that, since the money for the building had been raised from contributions of over 100 people in the White Post area, the proceeds were being turned over to the County Nurse Association.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1227-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "white-post" ], "establishes": "How the White Post observation post was disposed of in 1945, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report; no deed or bill of sale was seen. W. R. Thompson is named as printed and is not joined to any other person record. The heating stove, which the item says was not included in the sale, is not followed further.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1228", "text": "In its report of the White Post sale, the Clarke Courier of August 2, 1945 stated that a similar building at Boyce \"sold for $71 at public auction.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a passing secondhand report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1228-1", "E1228-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported the Boyce spotter building sold at public auction for $71.", "limitations": "A reported outcome in an item about another post, not an inspected sale record; no report of the Boyce auction itself was found. The item does not date the auction or name the buyer, and says nothing of what became of the building. It calls it \"a similar building at Boyce\"; reading it as the station advertised in November 1944 follows the two reports, not a separate record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1229", "text": "The \"Dear Dan\" column in the Clarke Courier of April 8, 1943 was, its writer said, written in spurts \"to pound out a portion of this letter while on duty at the air spotter post.\" There were no planes overhead, seen or heard; the writer had come on duty late and forgotten a good book he was reading, and the post was kept supplied with magazines, usually out of date. Since his last letter from there the place had been painted, and the old lamp shade replaced with a better one, a gift, he thought, from Mrs. Ernest Locke. Someone had let the fire go out, and a red pair of dice on the table was, he wrote, testimony that the place had seen a livelier time.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a columnist's first-person account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1229-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "What a night on duty at the Berryville air spotter post was like, as the \"Dear Dan\" columnist described it in spring 1943.", "limitations": "The columnist's own account, written as a letter; no other record of the night was seen. The column names the place only as \"the air spotter post\"; that it is the Berryville post follows from the column being written from Berryville, not from the item. The night is not dated. Mrs. Ernest Locke is named as printed, with the writer's own hedge (\"I think\"), and is not joined to any other person record, including the Ernest Locke named as the post's treasurer in March 1943.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1230", "text": "In an unsigned editorial headed \"Spotting Airplanes,\" the Clarke Courier of January 21, 1943 said that, in a population of over 1,200 people, the Air Warning Service was having trouble finding volunteers to take over certain shifts at the air spotter post at Berryville, when only sixty or seventy people were needed. It asked people to volunteer three hours a week: \"just three hours out of every 168.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned editorial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1230-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That in January 1943 the Courier publicly complained that the Berryville post could not fill its shifts, and the scale of the need as the paper put it.", "limitations": "An editorial: the paper's opinion and appeal, not a record of the post's schedule. The figures are the editorial's own, and the service is named as printed (\"Air Warning Service\"). The editorial's further appeal to keep promised hours or find a substitute is not used. The remainder figure it gives (read on the image as 1,130) is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1231", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 4, 1943 announced a bingo and fun festival at the Boyce High School on Friday night, February 5, for the benefit of the spotter post in Boyce. The money raised was to be used to wipe out, as nearly as possible, the debt on the post, which had been erected through contributions that did not cover the entire cost.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1231-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "boyce", "boyce-high-school" ], "establishes": "That the Boyce spotter post was still in debt for its building in early 1943 and that a benefit was planned to clear it.", "limitations": "An announcement of a plan; no report of the festival or its proceeds was checked, so whether it was held and what it raised are not established. The amount of the debt is not printed. A prize drawing in the Boyce post's fund drive, in the paper of January 28, 1943, was seen only as machine text and is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1232", "text": "The Clarke Courier of March 25, 1943 reported that the Aircraft Warning Service had begun classes that week to train spotters to identify the various types of planes that might be seen in the area, following a Monday-night meeting in the Hawthorne Library that organized a Recognition Officer's School, over which Rev. Henry G. Lane, Chief Observer of the local post, presided. The classes were to be conducted by Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce, trained at a Recognition Officer's Aircraft Warning Service school held recently in Baltimore. Edwin C. Parker, district director, said that reporting a two- or three-motor plane might mean either a friendly or an enemy plane, but \"to report ships by type and name will definitely identify it,\" so that the interceptor planes would know at once how to combat it.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1232-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "When and how aircraft-recognition training began for the county's spotters, and why reporting changed, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report. It places the organizing meeting in the Hawthorne Library; it does not say where the classes themselves met, and the Hawthorne Library is not joined to any building record. \"Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce\" is as printed; she is not joined to the \"Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce\" named as the instructor on April 22, 1943, nor to the \"Mrs. Eddy Joyce\" of the August 1942 \"Red Flash\" account. The district director's explanation is the paper's summary of what he said.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1233", "text": "The same report of March 25, 1943 said Mr. Lane announced that the local post needed an awning for the summer and that arrangements had been made to buy one at a cost of approximately $30; he asked for contributions, to be sent to him or to Ernest Locke, treasurer.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1233-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Berryville post was raising money for its own upkeep in spring 1943.", "limitations": "An announced purchase and appeal; whether the awning was bought is not reported in the item. Ernest Locke is named as printed and is not joined to the Mrs. Ernest Locke of the April 8, 1943 column.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1234", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 22, 1943 reported that a class of ten spotters at the Berryville post had completed classes organized to identify airplanes, conducted by Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce, who had received special training in Baltimore at a school designed to recognize the various types of planes. It added that at White Post Mrs. A. Mackay Smith planned a class, and at Boyce Mrs. George Rogers was conducting classes; both women had also attended the school in Baltimore.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1234-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville", "white-post", "boyce" ], "establishes": "That recognition training was completed by a first class at Berryville and was spreading to the White Post and Boyce posts by April 1943.", "limitations": "The paper's report. The ten who completed the course are named on the page; only the count is used here. \"Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce\" is as printed and is not joined to the \"Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce\" named as the instructor on March 25, 1943, though both are described as trained in Baltimore. The White Post class is a plan; no report of it was checked.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1235", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 13, 1943 announced a rummage sale in the old postoffice building in Berryville on Saturday, May 29, for the benefit of the Observation Post, located on Rosemont Circle. People unable to give their services in spotting planes could help maintain the Post by sending a contribution or article of any description, and were asked to save things they found and no longer needed during house cleaning.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1235-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Berryville post planned a rummage sale in May 1943 and asked non-spotters to contribute to it.", "limitations": "An announcement of a plan; the result is a separate report (June 3, 1943) and is kept separate. The building is named as printed (\"the old postoffice building\").", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1236", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 3, 1943 reported, in its \"Berryville\" column, that the rummage sale held on Saturday for the benefit of the plane spotting post in Berryville resulted in a profit of over $75.00; together with contributions, the total collected was nearly $100. Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey and Mrs. Harry Warden were in charge of the sale.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1236-1", "E1236-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The result of the Berryville post's May 1943 rummage sale, as the paper reported it.", "limitations": "A short local-column report; no account book was seen. The figures are as printed. Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey is named as printed and is not joined to the \"Mrs. Ralph Dorsey\" named as blood donor chairman in 1945.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1237", "text": "In an unsigned editorial headed \"Doing All You Can, Brother?\", the Clarke Courier of June 10, 1943 said the air spotter post and the Red Cross room were both falling behind in their work. It called it \"a crying shame\" that of the 1,200 people in Berryville there were not as many as 56 who would give three hours of their time weekly watching for airplanes, and said that of all the women in Berryville there were never more than three, four or five who could spend a few hours at the Red Cross room rolling bandages.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an unsigned editorial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1237-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That in June 1943 the Courier said the Berryville post and the Red Cross room were both short of volunteers.", "limitations": "An editorial: the paper's opinion and appeal, not a count of volunteers. The figures (1,200 people, fewer than 56 spotters, three to five women) are the editorial's own.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1238", "text": "The \"Dear Dan\" column in the Clarke Courier of October 14, 1943 said: \"Many of the county's citizenry are sporting wings on their lapels these days,\" having received these emblems through the mails, signifying that they were observers in the Air Warning Service.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a columnist's report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1238-1", "E1238-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-aircraft-warning-posts", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That by October 1943 observers around the county had received wing emblems by mail marking their service.", "limitations": "A columnist's passing note; how many observers received wings is not given, and the item does not say who sent them. The report of July 22, 1943 that the posts had closed asked observers to report their hours for War Department souvenirs; this item does not say the wings were that souvenir, and that link is not made.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1239", "text": "Among its local notes, the \"Dear Dan\" column in the Clarke Courier of October 14, 1943 said that someone had just about recuperated from a touch of the flu, that the writer had had a card from Rev. Ed Vaughan, now in Richmond, sending regards, and that the War Bond Committee of the State had written that a woman working at the Berryville Basket Company was putting at least 40 per cent of her salary into War Bonds.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a columnist's report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1239-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The kind of small local news the \"Dear Dan\" letters carried.", "limitations": "Used only as an example of the column's contents; the people it names are not followed further or joined to any other record. Rev. Ed Vaughan is not joined to the Rev. E. D. Vaughan named in other items.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1240", "text": "The Clarke Courier of April 13, 1944 reported that the Clarke County Agriculture Committee, meeting the week before with officials of the Emergency Farm Labor Committee and others, had begun a study of the county's labor problem for the coming harvest season. It was brought out at the meeting that \"war prisoners would not be available for this county,\" since prisoners were released only for six months' work and must have permanent housing facilities. The Woman's Land Army would probably be available for summer work, and other sources named were high school boys for summer work, vacationists from Washington, contract labor and convict labor.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1240-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What labor the county's planners expected to be able to use for the 1944 harvest, and why war prisoners were ruled out, as of April 1944.", "limitations": "A report of plans at a planning meeting, kept separate from the county agent's report of the 1944 season (printed January 18, 1945). Its statement that war prisoners would not be available is dated to this April 1944 meeting and is not reconciled with the later report's German war prisoners or with any 1945 report. The organization is named as printed (\"Woman's Land Army\"). The item continues on page 16, which was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1241", "text": "The county agent's report for 1944, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 18, 1945, states under \"Farm Labor\" that at an open hearing on Emergency Farm Labor in June the orchardists set 10 cents a bushel as the prevailing wage for apple pickers, 40 cents an hour for men and 35 cents an hour for women; that of five boys from Arlington who came in the first part of June four proved satisfactory and stayed the summer, and two boys from Washington were placed on farms soon afterward; that during the summer school children, boys and girls, helped with food production while their brothers were in the armed forces and their older sisters in defense work, and some college girls helped thin apples and pick summer varieties; and that Bahaman workers, the first Emergency Farm Labor to come into the area, arrived in the middle of July, were housed in a camp in Frederick County, and worked fifty on one orchard operation and ninety on another.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the county agent's report, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1241-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the county agent reported the 1944 farm-labor season's wages, local and visiting youth labor and the Bahaman workers.", "limitations": "The county agent's own report, as the Courier printed it; its characterizations of the workers are the report's. The prevailing wages are the rates the orchardists set, not evidence of what any worker was paid; the report says the crop-raising farmers reached no agreement on other farm wages. \"Bahamans\" as printed. No payroll, contract or camp record was seen, and no worker is named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1242", "text": "The county agent's report for 1944, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 18, 1945, states that the last of August State Road convicts were made available to Clarke County farmers to help harvest food and feed crops; that they cut corn for filling silos, then cut and shocked corn, and were used up to November 30 husking corn and hauling fodder; that \"They worked for 35 cents per hour throughout the season\"; and that farmers who used them said they were the best corn cutters they had seen that year.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the county agent's report, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1242-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county agent reported State Road convicts working on Clarke farms in the 1944 harvest, and the rate the report gives.", "limitations": "The 35 cents an hour is the report's rate for the convicts' work. The report does not say who paid it or who received it, and nothing in it shows that any of it was paid to the convicts; it is not evidence of wages received and is kept distinct from the prevailing wages set for hired farm help. The farmers' praise is reported secondhand by the agent. The per-shock prices for cutting and shocking corn, with a foreman's wage and truck hire, are not used. \"State Road convicts\" as printed; no road-force or prison record was seen and no one is named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1243", "text": "The county agent's report for 1944, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 18, 1945, states that shortly after the convicts started, 103 Kentuckians moved into the Castleman Ferry Camp; that, unable to pick at once, they became dissatisfied when the War Food Administration insisted that they pay for their meals; and that within a couple of weeks only 26 were left, who were transported to Nelson County, while 118 Jamaicans were moved in from New Hampshire. In the report's account, the Jamaican men, on seeing the tent camp, threatened to stay on the buses until they could be housed in buildings, got off after persuasion by the Commonwealth's Attorney, the sheriff and a state trooper, and the next day \"21 of the trouble makers were returned to their native land\"; the report says the rest did a fairly good job of picking in the majority of the orchards, some earning $75.00 to $80.00 a week and the average about $40.00.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the county agent's report, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1243-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the county agent's report described the Kentucky and Jamaican apple pickers of 1944.", "limitations": "Every characterization here, including \"trouble makers,\" \"dissatisfied\" and \"a fairly good job,\" and the account of the camp episode, is the county agent's report's language and view, attributed to it and not this site's judgment. Only the agent's account is held: the workers' own side is not recorded, and no War Food Administration, camp or payroll record was seen. The earnings are the report's figures. \"Castleman Ferry Camp\" as printed; no worker is named.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1244", "text": "The county agent's report for 1944, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 18, 1945, states that German war prisoners were contracted for by one of the orchardists, who tried them at picking apples without very much success and then used 25 of them in his packing shed, where they did a very nice job; the report adds that these men were Russians captured by the Germans early in the war, made to fight for Germany in France, and captured when the U.S. Army entered Flanders.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the county agent's report, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1244-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the county agent reported one orchardist's use of war prisoners in 1944.", "limitations": "The report's account: it names neither the orchardist nor where the prisoners were housed, and gives no dates. Their origin is the agent's statement, not a military record. This report on 1944 is kept separately dated from the Courier's report of April 13, 1944 that war prisoners would not be available to the county, and from any later report about 1945; the reports are not reconciled here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1245", "text": "The county agent's report for 1944, printed in the Clarke Courier of January 18, 1945, states (page 4, continued on page 11) that before school opened farmers and orchardists pressed for some school children to be kept out of school to help with harvests; that the school board agreed to a work permit for ten school days, on approval of the parent, employer, teacher, superintendent and county agent; that the orchardists asked for a month and the board agreed to only 20 days; that when the board met on the first of October and found the need still great, it let the approved children remain out until October 31, with every child of school age to be in school on November 1; and that 169 children were approved of over two hundred investigated.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the county agent's report, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1245-1", "E1245-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the county agent reported the 1944 school work permits for harvest labor.", "limitations": "The report's account; no school board minutes or permit records were seen, and no child is named. The counts are the report's.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1246", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 4, 1943 reported that Ralph Pope, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of Berryville, missing since May 7, 1942, \"is safe and alright according to the way his mother feels about it\"; that the 26-year-old Clarke county man was at Manila when the Japanese came, and a War Department letter about Christmas had stated he was missing in action; that a second son, Staff Sergt. Janey Lee Pope, 20, was stationed somewhere in England and a third, Lieut. Robert Edward Pope, 22, was also in a foreign country; that another son, Garland Iden Pope, 18, was eligible for service; and that a daughter, Eva Corinne, 16, was eager to join the WAACs.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1246-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the Courier reported of the Pope family's situation in February 1943, including the mother's belief about her missing son.", "limitations": "The mother's belief is reported as hers and is not evidence of his condition. Names, ranks and ages as printed. This item does not state Ralph Pope's rank or branch. The parents' printed forms (Fred, Fred C., Fred H., Fred W.; \"of Berryville\" and \"of near Berryville\") and the sons' names are not joined beyond the paper's own family statements; the name \"Joe\" in a later item is not joined to anyone.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1247", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 27, 1943 reported that Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope had received word from the War Department that their son, Technical Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, first reported missing as of May 7, 1942, was \"a prisoner of war of the Japanese Government,\" taken in the Philippine Island campaign; the War Department said the word had just been received through the International Red Cross and that a letter of information would follow.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1247-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported the War Department's notice that Ralph W. Pope was a prisoner of the Japanese.", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department notice, which was not seen; the notice is not dated in the item. \"Ralph W. Pope\" as printed; another middle initial printed elsewhere (Ralph E.) is not joined or resolved here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1248", "text": "In its \"Stars, Bars and Stripes\" column of August 26, 1943, the Clarke Courier reported that Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope had received their first word direct from their son, Tech. Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, a prisoner of war of the Japanese in the Philippines: on a form card allowed by the Japanese he said he was interned at the headquarters of a war prison (printed \"Camp P. I. No. 12\"), that \"His health is good, he is uninjured and is well,\" and he sent his love to his brothers and sisters.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1248-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported the first card the Popes received from their son as a prisoner.", "limitations": "A form card the captors allowed, as the paper describes it; its wording shows what could be sent, not necessarily his condition. The card was not seen. The women he greets by first name are not used or identified. A later item (May 31, 1945) prints a different camp number; the two are not reconciled.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1249", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 4, 1943 reported, under the heading \"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy,\" that Carl Herbert Pope, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Pope, Berryville, enlisted in the U.S. Navy \"last Saturday\" and was transferred to the Navy Training Station at Bainbridge, Maryland; that three older brothers were sergeants in the Army overseas; that Carl was born in Berryville on July 30, 1926; and that at the time of his enlistment he was working in the post office.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1249-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported Carl Herbert Pope's Navy enlistment at the end of October 1943.", "limitations": "\"Last Saturday\" in the issue of Thursday, November 4, 1943 is October 30, 1943. His age, seventeen, is computed from the printed birth date and is not printed. The item names the brother in England as \"Joe\"; earlier items give Janey Lee Pope in England; the name Joe is not used and no join is made. The other enlistees named in the item are not used. \"Fred W. Pope\" as printed; not joined to other printed forms beyond the paper's family statements.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1250", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 3, 1944 reported that Mrs. Fred H. Pope of near Berryville believed her son, Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, a prisoner of war of the Japanese, was all right, as she said on Tuesday afternoon, and that in spite of the Army-Navy report of the atrocities perpetrated by the Japanese on prisoners taken at Bataan and in the Philippines, \"Mrs. Pope feels that her son is all right.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1250-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported Mrs. Pope's continued belief, in February 1944, that her son was all right.", "limitations": "The mother's belief, reported as hers; it is not evidence of his condition. The atrocity report is referred to, not printed or examined here. \"Fred H. Pope\" as printed; not joined to other printed forms beyond the paper's family statements.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1251", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 16, 1944 reported that Tech. Sergt. Ralph Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese government, was now in Japan, according to a War Department telegram to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of Berryville; that the War Department had intercepted a Japanese broadcast; and it printed the wire, which gave the text of \"enemy propoganda broadcast from Japan\" (as printed): \"Dear Mother, I am getting along fine. Hope this finds all the same. Say hello to all. I am now in Japan.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1251-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Courier printed the War Department's wire quoting an intercepted broadcast message from Ralph Pope.", "limitations": "The message is quoted from the War Department wire as the paper printed it. It came through an enemy propaganda broadcast, so neither its authorship nor its account of his condition can be verified from it. The telegram was not seen and is not dated in the item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1252", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 28, 1944 reported that Staff Sergt. Janey Lee Pope, one of four fighting sons of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of near Berryville, was killed in action in Germany on December 19, as the War Department wired his parents on Tuesday; that he had turned 23 on December 9; that on December 13 he spent several days visiting his brother, Staff Sergt. Robert Edward Pope, in France; and that his death, \"so far as can be learned, is the first Clarke county soldier to be killed in action in the present conflict.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1252-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville", "janey-lee-pope" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported Janey Lee Pope killed in action in Germany in December 1944, and its qualified statement that he was the county's first.", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department telegram, which was not seen. The death date is December 19 here and December 16 in a later Courier item (October 4, 1945, page 16, held as machine text only); the two are not reconciled, and the story gives only the month. \"First Clarke county soldier\" is the paper's qualified statement, not a verified count. His unit and the list of survivors are not used, and the survivors named are not joined to names in earlier items.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1253", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 31, 1945 reported that Staff Sergt. Robert Pope, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of near Berryville, was \"One of the first, if not the first,\" soldier from Clarke county to be discharged under the point system; that he was discharged May 21 after serving overseas for 26 months; that he took part in six campaigns, in Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, Southern France and Germany; and that he had a total of 112 points.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1253-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported Robert Pope's discharge under the point system in May 1945 as one of the county's first.", "limitations": "The paper's claim of primacy is qualified as printed and is not verified against discharge records, which were not seen. The brothers' news in the same item (a brother printed as \"Janney\"; Ralph's camp given as No. 11) is not used and not reconciled with earlier items.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1254", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 3, 1945 reported that Berryville was one of several communities that celebrated a false report of Germany's unconditional surrender, reported on Saturday night by the Associated Press and carried by the radio, until it was labeled unfounded; that Berryville \"went wild for an hour or so,\" blowing the fire siren continuously, ringing the fire bell and parading the fire truck up and down all the streets with its siren open and bell ringing; and that the committee on the V-E Day celebration gathered and contemplated holding a service in Main Street where it crosses Church Street, but withheld its plans for want of confirmation.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1254-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "main-street-berryville", "church-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "How Berryville answered the false surrender report of late April 1945, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report; it names no participants. The committee's service was only considered and was not held; it is a plan, kept separate from the actual V-E Day of May 8 (see the Dear Dan letter of May 10). \"Saturday night\" is April 28, 1945 by the calendar of the May 3 issue; the item does not print the date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1255", "text": "The \"Dear Dan\" letter column in the Clarke Courier of May 10, 1945 said that Berryville's celebration of V-E Day was \"a tame affair\" compared with the one the town's boys and girls gave the false surrender report a couple of Saturdays before; that the writer was a little disappointed not to celebrate on May 7, when the war really ended, but had to wait until the next day; and that the town took it quietly: people stood around the radio, heard President Truman issue his proclamation, rang church bells and the siren, closed the stores and attended church.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a columnist's letter", "evidence_ids": [ "E1255-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "How V-E Day passed in Berryville, in the columnist's own account.", "limitations": "A first-person letter column by an unnamed writer, not a news report; its characterization of the day is the columnist's. It is kept separate from the May 3 report of the false surrender celebration.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1256", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1945 reported that the news of the war's end was flashed over the radio at seven p.m. Tuesday; that people came out of their homes into the streets of Berryville and shouted, the fire siren was blown long and loud, church bells rang and automobiles filled with people went through the town with horns tooting; that churches in the county were packed and a community service was held in the Berryville Baptist Church; and that afterward crowds gathered on the streets, large bonfires were lit on the four corners of the main block in Berryville, and boys and girls kept them fed with paper, old tires and other trash.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1256-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "How the county received the news of Japan's surrender, as the Courier reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report; the part continued on page 9 was not read. The national wire report printed beside it is not used as county evidence. The ministers named as conducting the service are not used here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1257", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 16, 1945 reported that Sergt. Ralph Pope, a captive of the Japanese government since the fall of the Philippines, \"will be or has already been liberated, it is believed,\" and that he was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. Pope of Berryville and had been captured at Manila.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting of an expectation", "evidence_ids": [ "E1257-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That by mid-August 1945 the paper expected Ralph Pope's release.", "limitations": "An expectation, not a report of a liberation; his liberation is reported only in the October 4, 1945 issue. The item says he was captured at Manila; his own later account says Corregidor. The item's \"Fred C. Pope\" is as printed; other items give Fred Pope without an initial. Printed names are kept as printed and are not joined to other records.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1258", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 23, 1945 printed a telegram from National Headquarters received the week before by Mrs. Ralph Dorsey, chairman of the Blood Donor Service of the Clarke County Chapter of the American Red Cross, saying that in view of the presidential proclamation of Japanese surrender the procurement of blood for the armed forces by the fixed center in Washington and all mobile units was to be discontinued immediately; the headline said that during ten visits the mobile unit had collected 1,425 pints of blood in the county.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting of a telegram", "evidence_ids": [ "E1258-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Red Cross blood collections in Clarke County ended with the Japanese surrender, and the program's reported total.", "limitations": "The telegram as the paper printed it; the telegram itself was not seen. The 1,425 pints and ten visits are the headline's figures; the article continued on page 9, which was not read, and the dates of the visits are not given here. \"Mrs. Ralph Dorsey\" is as printed and is not joined to the \"Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey\" of the 1943 rummage sale.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1259", "text": "An editor's note in the Clarke Courier of August 23, 1945 said that the letter column would for the time being be written to a different serviceman each week, and that Dan Morrison, to whom the paper had written the letter every seven days for over three years, was back home on furlough after a tour of duty in England, Scotland, North Africa, Italy, France and Corsica (printed \"Corisca\") of about 36 months, and would return to camp afterward, hoping to be discharged.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the paper's own note", "evidence_ids": [ "E1259-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The end of the paper's weekly letter to Dan Morrison, and his return on furlough, as the paper reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's note; Dan Morrison's service is not documented here beyond it. \"Corisca\" is as printed. Dan Morrison is not joined to any other person record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1260", "text": "The letter column in the Clarke Courier of August 23, 1945, addressed \"Dear Ralph Pope,\" told him the county had not forgotten him and hoped he was on his way home from prison; it said that canned fruits and vegetables no longer required ration points, that Governor Darden had lifted the wartime speed limit of 35 miles an hour and drivers could now go 50, and that cigarettes were beginning to come back to the shelves.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a columnist's letter", "evidence_ids": [ "E1260-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the column was turned to Ralph Pope that week, and the home-front changes it reported.", "limitations": "A first-person letter column; its news of rationing and the speed limit is the columnist's report, not an official notice. Only the part of the letter in the crop is used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1261", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 4, 1945 reported that Sergt. Ralph W. Pope of Berryville, a prisoner of the Japanese since May 7, 1942, had been liberated and was in Manila awaiting transportation home, as he had cabled his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope, in a cable that began \"I'm fine.\"; that little was known of his rescue; and that during his entire internment his family had received a total of only five government-regulation prisoner-of-war postcards and one letter containing official news of a broadcast he had made.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1261-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The family's news of Ralph Pope's liberation, and how little word they had had of him, as the paper reported it.", "limitations": "The paper's report of the cable; the cable was not seen. The other names in the cable are not used. The page 16 continuation is not used. The liberation is not dated in the item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1262", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 22, 1945 reported that Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope had with them their son, Sergt. Ralph Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese since 1942 who had recently arrived in this country after being released, and that since arriving in the States he had been at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton, Va., and had arrived in Clarke on Saturday night.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1262-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "When Ralph Pope reached Clarke County after his release, as the paper reported it.", "limitations": "A one-paragraph local item. The hospital is named as printed (\"Woodrow Wilson Hospital\"). \"Saturday night\" is November 17, 1945 by the calendar of the November 22 issue; the item does not print the date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1263", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1945 printed the story of 40 months as a prisoner of war of the Japanese told to it the day before by Master Sergt. Ralph E. Pope (as printed), son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of Berryville, who was captured at Corregidor; the paper said he told of horrors that \"cannot be printed because of government regulations.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a first-person account as the paper printed it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1263-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Ralph Pope's own account of his captivity was published in the county, and that the paper withheld part of it.", "limitations": "Pope's account as the paper printed it, not an official record; the paper itself says part was not printed. The paper names him \"Ralph E. Pope\" here, where other items give Ralph W. Pope; the same parents and captivity are named, and no join is made beyond the paper's own statements.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1264", "text": "In the account printed in the Clarke Courier of December 20, 1945, Ralph Pope said that after his capture he volunteered to drive a bus hauling Japanese troops for three months, then drove a truck hauling supplies and ammunition in Manila for eleven months, and then worked in the port area loading and unloading ships for another eleven months; that a group of 1,025 men was put on a transport bound for Moji, Japan, in the ship's hold, 60 by 80 feet, for 12 days and nights; and that he was taken to Hanawa, a big copper mine, to work.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a first-person account as the paper printed it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1264-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The course of Ralph Pope's captivity in his own account.", "limitations": "Pope's recollection as the paper printed it; the durations are his and the dates of each stage are not given. Place names as printed (\"Honchu\"; \"coper mine\" for copper mine).", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1265", "text": "The continuation of Ralph Pope's account in the Clarke Courier of December 20, 1945 said that guards once beat him for about 30 minutes because they thought his men were not working, knocked him out with a club and broke his arm, and that he never received any medical attention; that he was down to 95 pounds when liberated; and that the first American planes came over on August 25 and dropped food every other day until September 16, when the prisoners were turned over to the American Occupation Forces, after which he sailed to Manila, then to Seattle and finally to Staunton, where he was hospitalized.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a first-person account as the paper printed it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1265-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "Ralph Pope's own account of his treatment and release.", "limitations": "Pope's account as the paper printed it; no medical or military record was seen. The figure for pounds lost is not clearly legible on the scan and is not used.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1266", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1945 said that Ralph Pope had three months of furlough from January 7, a prisoner-of-war leave, after which, he said, he would re-enlist.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a stated intention", "evidence_ids": [ "E1266-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "Ralph Pope's plans as of December 1945.", "limitations": "A plan and an intention as the paper reported them; whether he re-enlisted is not known from the items read (1946 issues were not searched).", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1267", "text": "The Clarke Courier of December 20, 1945 reported that twenty Clarke County servicemen had been discharged that week, as the draft board announced.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1267-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The pace of discharges in the county in December 1945, by the draft board's announcement.", "limitations": "The paper prints the twenty names; they are not listed or joined here. The count is the draft board's as reported.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1214", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 11, 1931 reported that the School Board had named the teachers for the 1931-'32 session: the colored schools of the county had thirteen teachers, six of whom composed the faculty of the Clarke County Training School, listed as E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson, with Morgan Edwards as Agricultural Instructor.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1214-1", "E1214-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county-training-school" ], "establishes": "That the Courier printed the School Board's list for the 1931-'32 session naming six teachers for the Training School.", "limitations": "An announcement of appointments for the coming session, not a record of who taught. Names as printed: the June 4, 1931 list prints \"A. B. Layton\" and \"F. E. Johnson (part time\", and neither is joined to these names or to any person record. The six is the paper's own count and includes the agricultural instructor, listed on a separate line. Read on region crops of the Library of Congress page image; the page's machine reading is unchanged.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1268", "text": "The Court of Appeals opinion in Little v. Commonwealth gives the court's own grounds for the November 1874 reversal: the trial court had excluded a statement Lycurgus Little made to a witness moments after the shooting, refused to let the defense recall a Commonwealth witness, James F. Milton, Jr., for impeachment, excluded testimony that Milton's account before the grand jury differed from his trial testimony, and excluded testimony that Milton had said he wished the prisoners dead. On those grounds the court reversed the conviction and remanded for a new trial. It did not question the jury's finding of guilt and did not address sentencing.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the court's own opinion, read in full", "evidence_ids": [ "E1268-1", "E1268-2", "E1268-3", "E1268-4", "E1268-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The evidentiary grounds for the reversal, in the court's own words rather than a newspaper's summary.", "limitations": "Read from a full-text electronic edition, not an inspected page image. The citation under which the opinion is indexed, 25 Va. 921, does not match the opinion's own internal pagination (*619-*624); that discrepancy is unresolved (see S648). This claim covers only why the case was reversed and sent back for retrial. It does not explain, and must not be read to explain, why the second jury set the term at five years where the first set fourteen — the published record gives no reason for that number (see C1010), and the jury's actual reasoning is not established by this or any other source examined for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-28", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1269", "text": "The Winchester Evening Star's April 2, 1965 sidebar by Doug O’Connell reported that Philip Cunningham, on seeing two men leave the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County carrying a paper bag, followed them on foot to a blue-and-white Rambler station wagon, then ran into Lanham's Grocery to write down its license number before returning to the bank; the report and the license number were telephoned to state police headquarters in Culpeper.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1269-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county", "philip-cunningham", "lanhams-grocery-boyce" ], "establishes": "That the newspaper attributes the pencil-and-plate account to Cunningham and reports it was relayed to state police at Culpeper.", "limitations": "Cunningham's account as retold by a Star reporter, not a verbatim transcript or sworn statement; the newspaper itself treats his account as his own retelling. No police log or dispatch record has been read for this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1270", "text": "Cunningham operated Locke and Co., a store in Millwood, with his brother, and had come to the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County on April 1, 1965 to cash checks, according to the Star's reporting.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1270-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "philip-cunningham", "locke-and-co-millwood" ], "establishes": "Cunningham's identification and his reason for being at the bank that day.", "limitations": "As reported by the newspaper; no business record, banking record or city directory has been examined for Locke and Co.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1271", "text": "In Cunningham's account to the Star, he crouched behind parked cars and followed the two men toward the Rambler, about forty yards away, where a third man waited at the wheel.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1271-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "philip-cunningham" ], "establishes": "The pursuit detail and the presence of a driver waiting at the wheel, both from Cunningham's own account as printed.", "limitations": "A first-person account printed by the newspaper; distance (“about forty yards”) is the paper's own approximation, not a measured figure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1272", "text": "The Star's main report said that inside the Boyce branch, bank manager Edith W. Rodgers and teller Frances Hudson faced two men carrying pistols, who each handed over a paper bag and demanded money.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1272-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county", "edith-w-rodgers", "frances-hudson" ], "establishes": "That the robbery inside the bank is reported through Rodgers's account to the newspaper.", "limitations": "Rodgers's account and police information as reported by the newspaper; no bank incident report or police log has been read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1273", "text": "The same report said the two men ordered Rodgers and Hudson into a back room and made them close the door when someone began entering through the front, which is why the bank looked empty to Cunningham when he stepped inside.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1273-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce", "bank-of-clarke-county", "edith-w-rodgers", "frances-hudson", "philip-cunningham" ], "establishes": "That the empty appearance Cunningham described is explained in the same report as the robbers' own order to the two women.", "limitations": "As reported; the report does not say how long the women were held in the back room.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1274", "text": "The Star's main report placed the robbery at about 1 p.m. on April 1, 1965, said the getaway car drove west, and placed the arrests less than half an hour after the robbery.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1274-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce" ], "establishes": "A reported time for the robbery and a reported interval to the arrests.", "limitations": "As reported by the newspaper; no independent timestamp (dispatch log, court record) has been read to confirm either figure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1275", "text": "A separate Star profile by Jack Davis reported that Trooper R. L. Bruce, having finished an overnight shift near Middletown and set out for a funeral in Front Royal, turned around toward Boyce on hearing the robbery alert on his radio, then saw a blue-and-white Rambler whose license number matched and radioed headquarters before following it onto a side road off Route 522, near Double Toll Gate.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1275-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "r-l-bruce", "double-toll-gate" ], "establishes": "The reported sequence bringing Bruce onto the same road as the getaway car.", "limitations": "A newspaper profile; Davis reported that Bruce declined to discuss robbery details in a later interview, so the stop sequence is attributed to Davis's own reporting rather than to Bruce's own words.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1276", "text": "Davis reported that Bruce switched on his lights and siren, the car stopped, and with a gun in hand he ordered its three men and one woman out and onto the road, that they offered no resistance, and that other officers arrived and helped handcuff them.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1276-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "r-l-bruce" ], "establishes": "The reported stop and arrest sequence on the roadside.", "limitations": "As reported by Davis; no arrest report or radio log has been read for this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1277", "text": "The Star's main report said the bank closed so the missing money could be counted, and that the four arrested people were taken to jail in Berryville and charged.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1277-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the bank closed and the four people were jailed and charged, per the newspaper's report.", "limitations": "Arrest and charge reporting, not conviction of all four; the report does not itself distinguish the four people's later, different case outcomes.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1278", "text": "The Star reported that at an April 19, 1965 preliminary hearing, all four charged people were held for grand-jury action.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1278-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a preliminary hearing was held and referred the case to the grand jury.", "limitations": "A newspaper court report; no hearing transcript has been read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1279", "text": "The Star reported that Kenneth Lloyd Presgraves, Buford Homer Shupe and James Clarence Powell pleaded guilty on May 10, 1965, and that Mary Matilda Shupe initially pleaded innocent.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1279-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "kenneth-lloyd-presgraves", "buford-homer-shupe", "james-clarence-powell", "mary-matilda-shupe" ], "establishes": "The reported pleas of all four defendants as of May 10, 1965.", "limitations": "Reported pleas; original court orders have not been read for this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1280", "text": "The Star reported that on July 12, 1965, Judge Elliott D. Marshall sentenced Presgraves to 20 years, Shupe to 15 years and Powell to 10 years in the state penitentiary; the July 13 report was repeated in the August 11 coverage.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1280-1", "E1280-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "kenneth-lloyd-presgraves", "buford-homer-shupe", "james-clarence-powell" ], "establishes": "The three men's reported sentences and the sentencing date.", "limitations": "These are the reported sentences; the held newspaper accounts do not establish how much time each man actually served, and no penitentiary or parole record has been read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1281", "text": "Mary Matilda Shupe changed her plea to guilty on August 10, 1965, then received permission to withdraw that plea and plead innocent again on September 13, 1965; the court set November 9, 1965 for trial and continued her $2,500 bond. Her final result is unknown in the newspaper reports held for this account.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1281-1", "E1281-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "mary-matilda-shupe" ], "establishes": "Mary Matilda Shupe's plea history through September 1965, and that no later verdict, dismissal or sentence for her has been found in the held reports.", "limitations": "The held reports run only through September 14, 1965; no report of a November 9, 1965 trial or any later disposition has been located. This claim states what is unknown, not that no later record exists.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1282", "text": "Bank president Floyd L. McWilliams told the Star that $11,929 had been taken from the Boyce branch and that all of it was recovered, a figure the Star's later reports repeated; a separate April 8, 1965 account reproduced by Page Valley News instead put the loss at about $12,000 and said all but $100 was recovered. The two accounts' recovery claims conflict and are not resolved here.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: local reporting", "evidence_ids": [ "E1282-1", "E1282-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "bank-of-clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the amount recovered is reported differently by two accounts, and that no bank accounting or correction resolving the difference has been found.", "limitations": "Rounding could explain the different loss figures alone; it does not explain the conflicting recovery claims. No bank ledger or published correction has been read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted integration (Claude Sonnet 5) from a researched narrative and a claim-to-source map; the newspaper pages were not independently re-read for this integration.", "checked_on": "2026-09-29", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1283", "text": "John W. Munson’s 1906 memoir reproduces a letter from Brevet Brigadier-General C. H. Morgan, chief of staff to Major-General Winfield S. Hancock, to Colonel John S. Mosby, dated April 11, 1865, stating that Hancock \"is authorized to receive the surrender of the forces under your command on the same conditions offered to General Lee.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a reproduced letter, not independently inspected", "evidence_ids": [ "E1283-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Munson’s 1906 memoir reproduces a letter offering Mosby’s command the same surrender terms given General Lee.", "limitations": "The letter is reproduced by Munson, forty-one years after the war; no independent copy (e.g. the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion) has been inspected for this story. Opening the linked source shows that published reproduction — Munson’s book page — not an independently located original letter.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1284", "text": "The same memoir reproduces part of a dispatch from Hancock to Major-General Henry Halleck dated April 12, 1865, predicting \"it is quite as likely that Mosby will disband as that he will surrender, as all his men have fine horses and are generally armed with two pistols only,\" adding that he would \"employ the cavalry force here in hunting them down.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a reproduced dispatch, not independently inspected", "evidence_ids": [ "E1284-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Hancock told Halleck on April 12 that Mosby’s men might disband rather than surrender, and that he would pursue them if so.", "limitations": "Reproduced by Munson in 1906; no independent copy of the dispatch has been inspected for this story. Opening the linked source shows that published reproduction — Munson’s book page — not an independently located original dispatch.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1285", "text": "Munson reproduces part of Mosby’s reply to Hancock, dated April 15, 1865: that he had \"no notice through any other source of the fact concerning the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia,\" that in his opinion the emergency to surrender his command had not yet arisen, and that he was willing to agree to \"a suspension of hostilities for a short time\" to communicate with his own authorities.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a reproduced letter, not independently inspected", "evidence_ids": [ "E1285-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Mosby’s April 15 reply declined to surrender immediately and proposed a short truce instead.", "limitations": "Reproduced by Munson in 1906; no independent copy of the letter has been inspected for this story. Opening the linked source shows that published reproduction — Munson’s book page — not an independently located original letter.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1286", "text": "Munson writes that Mosby’s April 15 letter was carried through the lines and delivered to Hancock in person by \"Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman, Captain Walter Frankland, Adjutant William H. Mosby, and Dr. A. Monteiro, of our Command\" — a Confederate Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman, distinct from the Union General George H. Chapman named in the negotiations that followed.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1286-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Mosby’s own Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman (not General George H. Chapman) was named among four men who carried Mosby’s April 15 letter to Hancock.", "limitations": "Munson’s own narration; not independently corroborated. \"Dr. A. Monteiro\" is named as printed and is not, by this fact alone, identified with the author of the 1890 memoir attributed to \"A. Monteiro, M.D.\" Opening the linked source shows Munson’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1287", "text": "Williamson’s 1909 history reproduces, in a footnote, a telegram from Hancock to Halleck dated April 16, 1865: \"Arrangements have been made for a meeting at Millwood on Tuesday noon, when I expect to receive the surrender... They are aware of the death of the President.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reproduced telegram, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1287-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Hancock told Halleck on April 16 that a meeting had been arranged at Millwood for the following Tuesday noon, at which he expected to receive Mosby’s surrender.", "limitations": "The telegram is reproduced only in Williamson’s 1909 footnote; no independent copy has been found or inspected for this story. Opening the linked source shows that published reproduction — Williamson’s book page — not an independently located original telegram. An expectation of surrender is not a report that surrender occurred.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1288", "text": "Munson writes that on April 18, Mosby met a number of his Rangers at Paris, in Fauquier County, and rode with them to Millwood, where he met, by appointment, \"General George H. Chapman and his officers\"; that Mosby, \"having as yet received no news from headquarters, asked for an extension of time\"; and that the truce was extended to the 20th, \"with a conditional ten days further truce if approved by General Hancock.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1288-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Mosby met Union General George H. Chapman at Millwood on April 18 and obtained an extension of the truce to the 20th.", "limitations": "Munson’s own narration, published in 1906; does not establish that Munson himself was present at this meeting. Not independently corroborated. Opening the linked source shows Munson’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1289", "text": "Monteiro’s 1890 memoir describes riding to Millwood for a first meeting that arrived \"thirty minutes before the hour fixed by General Hancock that our truce should expire,\" where General Chapman, acting under Hancock’s orders, arranged \"another truce for the period of twenty-four hours\"; and a second, final meeting the following day, arriving \"almost at the exact hour that the second truce expired.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1289-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Monteiro describes two meetings at Millwood: an initial one reaching its own deadline, followed by a twenty-four-hour extension and a final meeting the next day.", "limitations": "Monteiro’s own narration, published in 1890, twenty-five years after the events; he gives no calendar dates for either meeting. Not independently corroborated, and not harmonized here with Munson’s dated sequence (April 18 and 20). Opening the linked source shows Monteiro’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1290", "text": "Munson writes that at noon on the 20th, Mosby and twenty of his men \"walked into one of the rooms of the little brick building in Millwood, near Winchester, where the Northern officers were waiting for his decision.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1290-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Munson describes the meeting room as one room of a small brick building in Millwood.", "limitations": "Munson’s own narration; does not establish Munson’s own presence in the room, and does not identify a building that can be matched to any surviving structure or modern address. Opening the linked source shows Munson’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1291", "text": "Monteiro writes that at the final meeting, \"We found fifteen Federal officers again awaiting us. They were seated in a large room, called a parlor in the only hotel in the little village of Millwood.\" He adds that Mosby, seated by one Federal officer, \"entered into an earnest conversation with him. The first words were spoken in such low tones that, though sitting near them, I did not hear what they said.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: first-person, retrospective", "evidence_ids": [ "E1291-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Monteiro, describing himself as present, remembered the room as a parlor in Millwood’s only hotel, with fifteen Federal officers, and states he did not hear the meeting’s opening exchange.", "limitations": "Monteiro’s own first-person account, published 1890; does not identify a building that can be matched to any surviving structure or modern address, and is not independently corroborated. Opening the linked source shows Monteiro’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1292", "text": "Munson writes that a trooper, \"a rough diamond named John Hearn,\" who had gotten up an impromptu horse race outside, discovered a hidden Federal regiment, burst into the room shouting that \"the d—d Yankees have got you in a trap,\" and that Mosby, rising, said: \"If... the truce no longer protects us, we are at your mercy; but we shall protect ourselves.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1292-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Munson describes a trooper’s warning of a hidden Federal force and Mosby’s reply that his men would protect themselves if the truce no longer covered them.", "limitations": "Munson’s own narration; the trooper’s fear of a trap is his reported belief, not established Federal intent. Near-identical in substance to Monteiro’s account of the same moment; the two are not treated as independent confirmation of each other. Opening the linked source shows Munson’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1293", "text": "Monteiro writes that a soldier he calls \"Hern\" burst in exclaiming that \"the infernal devils have sot a trap for you,\" having found \"a thousand uv um a hidin’ in the bushes\"; and that Mosby sprang to his feet and said: \"Sir, if we are no longer under the protection of our trues we are of course at the mercy of your men. We shall protect ourselves.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1293-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Monteiro describes the same warning-and-reply moment as Munson, close in substance though not identical in wording.", "limitations": "Monteiro’s own narration; the warning is his fellow soldier’s reported fear, not established Federal intent. Near-identical to Munson’s account of the same moment; no corroboration claim is made for either. Opening the linked source shows Monteiro’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1294", "text": "Munson writes that, followed by his twenty men, Mosby \"strode from the room,\" and that \"each man mounted his horse without molestation and they galloped down the turnpike to the Shenandoah river.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1294-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Munson describes Mosby’s party leaving Millwood and mounting without incident.", "limitations": "Munson’s own narration; differs from Monteiro’s account of the same departure, which reports Federal cavalry following them. Both are kept as each author gives them, not harmonized. Opening the linked source shows Munson’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1295", "text": "Monteiro writes that \"with Hern’s warning voice ringing in our ears we mounted our horses in silence and Mosby led the way,\" and that the party \"galloped rapidly from Millwood to the Shenandoah river, closely followed by a cloud of Yankee cavalry.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1295-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Monteiro describes Federal cavalry following the party’s departure from Millwood, unlike Munson’s account of an unmolested withdrawal.", "limitations": "Monteiro’s own narration, published 1890; not independently corroborated. Opening the linked source shows Monteiro’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1296", "text": "Monteiro writes that this was \"the final interview of Mosby’s command with the Yankees,\" and that \"the day following, the battalion was summoned for the last time by command of Colonel Mosby\" to Salem, in Fauquier County, where Mosby announced: \"I disband your organization in preference to surrendering to our enemies.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the memoir’s own narration", "evidence_ids": [ "E1296-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Monteiro describes no surrender at Millwood, and that Mosby disbanded his command at Salem the following day rather than surrender it.", "limitations": "Monteiro’s own narration, published 1890, twenty-five years after the events; not independently corroborated. Munson’s account ends with the party’s departure from Millwood and does not itself describe the Salem gathering. Opening the linked source shows Monteiro’s own published narration, not an independently located original account.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-09-30", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1297", "text": "Capt. William N. Nelson’s 1890 address recalls \"old Robin, the courteous old colored sexton,\" who kept a stand by the south door of Old Chapel with a pail of cool water from the Chapel Spring and a clean gourd, for people who had come fifteen or twenty miles to church.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a 100-year retrospective address", "evidence_ids": [ "E1297-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Nelson’s 1890 address names Robin, the chapel’s sexton, and describes the water stand he kept for visitors.", "limitations": "Nelson’s 1890 address, recalling \"some now living\" who remembered Robin; no date range for Robin’s service is given, and Robin appears only in this sketch, not in the cemetery record, so there is no burial entry for him here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1298", "text": "Nelson’s sketch gathers disagreeing claims for when the stone Old Chapel was built: Bishop Meade’s history put it at 1790; Dr. Robert C. Randolph’s 1881 letter to the Southern Churchman said 1798 or ’99; an engraved stone Randolph placed in the cemetery gave 1800; and an unsigned 1869 Clarke Courier letter, which Nelson believed Randolph also wrote, quoted an 1790 vestry resolution. Nelson leaned toward 1790 but called the question uncertain.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the compiler leaves the question open", "evidence_ids": [ "E1298-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the book itself presents at least three disagreeing dates for the chapel’s construction and does not resolve them.", "limitations": "Nelson’s own 1890 retrospective weighing of sources he did not independently verify against a vestry book or other primary record; this story leaves the date unresolved rather than choosing among the four claims.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1299", "text": "The cemetery record’s compiler, Charles Randolph Hughes, states on its first page that he tried to make the list as complete as possible but that information was often impossible to obtain, so \"any omissions...the reader may attribute to these causes.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the record’s own stated limitation", "evidence_ids": [ "E1299-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the compiler himself describes the 1906 cemetery record as incomplete.", "limitations": "The compiler’s own characterization of his own completeness; no independent count of unmarked or uncounted burials is made or implied.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1300", "text": "Harriet Evans, \"(colored), wife of Randall Evans of Winchester,\" died November 20, 1848, aged 38.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1300-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the 1906 cemetery record carries a dated entry for Harriet Evans naming her as the wife of Randall Evans of Winchester.", "limitations": "The entry spells her husband’s name \"Randall\" here; his own entry (p.52) spells it \"Randal\" — a genuine inconsistency in the book, preserved rather than normalized.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1301", "text": "Randal Evans (Colored) lived in Winchester, where he conducted \"a high-class restaurant,\" and died in Baltimore in 1871.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1301-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Randal Evans’s occupation and place of death.", "limitations": "This entry spells the surname \"Randal\"; Harriet’s entry (p.40) spells it \"Randall.\" Both spellings are the book’s own, kept as an observed inconsistency.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1302", "text": "Jennie Carter (colored), nurse for the children of Francis Otway Byrd of \"Oakley,\" was the mother of Nat Carter, \"the well-known, faithful and interesting attendant of the Old Chapel grounds for a great number of years\"; Jennie died about 1854.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the record does not date Nat Carter’s years of service", "evidence_ids": [ "E1302-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record names Jennie Carter’s role and her son Nat Carter’s long attendance at the grounds, without dating when his service began or ended.", "limitations": "The entry gives Jennie’s death as \"about 1854\" but does not say Nat began or continued tending the grounds after that date; no link is made here to the Carter Hall Carters.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1303", "text": "Patty Brook’s stone, placed by her son Wm. Brook, states she \"was 13 at the siege of York and often talked of that event.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a stone copied into the record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1303-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a stone copied into the record places Patty Brook, as a girl, at the siege of Yorktown.", "limitations": "A stone inscription, copied as the record presents it; nothing in the entry says where she lived in the decades between.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1304", "text": "Oliver Bliss’s tombstone, copied into the record, calls him \"Instructor in the Millwood neighborhood,\" a native of Wilbraham, Massachusetts, graduated Yale College in 1795, and died September 19, 1824.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a stone copied into the record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1304-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record’s own word for Bliss’s occupation is \"Instructor,\" not \"schoolmaster.\"", "limitations": "A stone inscription, copied as the record presents it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1305", "text": "John O’Connor served in the War of 1812, 4th Virginia Regiment, as a substitute for his brother Dennis O’Connor; he died at Millwood March 1, 1832.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1305-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "john-oconnor-1812" ], "establishes": "That the record states O’Connor served as a substitute for his brother, without editorial comment on that arrangement.", "limitations": "The record’s own entry; no independent military record has been checked for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1306", "text": "Children’s deaths recur throughout the cemetery record: among other pages, p.36 (John Randolph Page, 6; Phillippa B. Page, 5 months), p.49 (Lucia Kate Shearer, 4; Frank Holland) p.73 (S.B. Mason, infant; Lottie Hibbard, 3) and p.76 (Lillie R. Romine, 8) each carry a child’s death entry.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a recurring pattern across the record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1306-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That child deaths are a recurring, not isolated, pattern across the cemetery record’s roughly fifty pages.", "limitations": "An illustrative sample of pages, not an exhaustive count of every child entry in the record.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1307", "text": "Roberta W. Page, child of Dr. Matthew and Mary C. Page of \"Longwood,\" died of burns September 25, 1835, aged 5, when her skirts caught fire while she was staying at \"Prospect Hill.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1307-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives a specific cause of death for a child, rather than only a name, age and year.", "limitations": "The record’s own entry.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1308", "text": "Gwynn Page, son of Dr. Matthew and Mary C. Page of \"Longwood,\" was killed by a horse May 28, 1850, aged 17.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1308-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives a specific cause of death for a young person, rather than only a name, age and year.", "limitations": "The record’s own entry.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1309", "text": "Evelyn Williams (Colored), \"Mammy Evelyn,\" is remembered in the record as \"the faithful servant and devoted nurse of all the children at ‘The Briars’\"; she died November 12, 1882, aged 83.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the compiler’s and family’s own language, quoted not adopted", "evidence_ids": [ "E1309-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Evelyn Williams this role and these dates, in the compiler’s or family’s own words.", "limitations": "\"Mammy\" and \"faithful servant\" are quoted only as the record’s own 1906 language, not adopted as this story’s description of what her years were like to live.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1310", "text": "Charles Jackson (Colored), butler for Dr. Robert C. Randolph at \"New Market,\" is called \"one of the old faithful servants\" in the record; he died in April 1883.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the compiler’s own language, quoted not adopted", "evidence_ids": [ "E1310-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Jackson’s role, employer and date of death.", "limitations": "\"One of the old faithful servants\" is quoted as the record’s own language.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1311", "text": "Jacob Brooks (Colored) drove the carriage for Dr. Robert C. Randolph of \"New Market\" and later for Mrs. George H. Burwell at \"Saratoga,\" where he died in November 1894.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the cemetery record’s own entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1311-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Jacob Brooks’s occupation, two employers and date and place of death.", "limitations": "The record’s own entry; no stated relationship is given here between Jacob Brooks and Betsey Brooks beyond a shared surname.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1312", "text": "Betsey Brooks (Colored) was \"mammy to the children at ‘Saratoga’ for three generations\"; she died at \"Saratoga\" in 1896, aged 90.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a separate entry, no stated relationship to Jacob Brooks", "evidence_ids": [ "E1312-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Betsey Brooks this role and these dates, in a separate entry from Jacob Brooks’s.", "limitations": "Betsey Brooks’s entry (p.68) and Jacob Brooks’s entry (p.67) are separate entries; the record does not state that they were married or otherwise related, and a shared surname is not treated here as a stated relationship. \"Mammy\" is quoted as the record’s own language.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1313", "text": "Clara Harris (Colored) was \"mammy to the ‘New Market’ children\"; she died in 1900, aged 86.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the compiler’s own language, quoted not adopted", "evidence_ids": [ "E1313-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record gives Clara Harris this role and these dates.", "limitations": "\"Mammy\" is quoted as the record’s own language.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1314", "text": "The record’s entry for Mrs. Matthew Page of \"Annefield,\" Anne Randolph Meade, states that after her husband Matthew Page died in 1826 she began final preparations for \"liberating her slaves and sending them to Liberia,\" which she did in 1832, \"providing them with every necessary supply for a year.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the compiler’s entry; outcome unknown", "evidence_ids": [ "E1314-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the record attributes this account to Mrs. Matthew Page of \"Annefield,\" not to Mrs. Mann Page of \"Mannsfield,\" and that the 1826 death is her husband Matthew Page’s.", "limitations": "This is the compiler’s entry (\"the record says\"), not an independently verified outcome; what became of the people she sent to Liberia is not part of this record, and nothing here states it. Colonization is not equated with freedom.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1315", "text": "The Coffee Club had no officers, no dues and, by its members’ own account, no particular reason for starting. J. Fred Jones, one of the group’s original members, told the Clarke Times-Courier in 2004: \"Just happened.\" The same account gives the venue sequence as Soda Shop, then the Townhouse, then Jane’s Lunch.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a named member quoted directly", "evidence_ids": [ "E1315-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a founding member, on the record in 2004, describes the club as having no formal origin and gives the venue sequence Soda Shop → Townhouse → Jane’s Lunch.", "limitations": "One member’s 2004 recollection of events going back to 1959; no club record, minutes or charter exists to check it against.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1316", "text": "The Soda Shop, the Coffee Club’s first known home, was opened on Main Street in Berryville in 1959 by Vernon and Bunny Racer. Racer, quoted in a 1978 retrospective: \"It was started because Berryville had no place for youngsters to go.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the owner quoted directly, confirmed by a separate 1978 caption", "evidence_ids": [ "E1316-1", "E1316-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Soda Shop opened in 1959 under Vernon and Bunny Racer’s ownership, in the Racers’ own words and in the paper’s own 1978 photo caption.", "limitations": "Both the quote and the caption are from the same 1978 “One Last Look” feature marking the Soda Shop’s closing; no 1959-dated source for the opening itself was located.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1317", "text": "Some members remembered an earlier gathering spot, predating the Soda Shop: White’s Pharmacy, where a soda fountain served coffee until the owner decided to run \"a real drug store\" instead.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a 1978 retrospective recollection", "evidence_ids": [ "E1317-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the record itself places an earlier, informal coffee gathering at White’s Pharmacy before the Soda Shop existed, without dating it precisely.", "limitations": "An unsigned 1978 retrospective column (“Courier Chatter”); no date is given for when Gene White ended the soda fountain, only that it precedes the writer’s own memory of the Coffee Club’s beginning.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1318", "text": "The earliest located instance of \"the coffee club\" appearing in print by that name is a November 1967 item describing a crowd at the Soda Shop drawn from both the morning and afternoon shifts, plus visitors from Winchester, large enough to nearly fill the place.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet, not a verified page image", "evidence_ids": [ "E1318-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a November 1967 Clarke Courier item is the first located instance naming \"the coffee club\" in print at the Soda Shop.", "limitations": "This item was read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; the OCR on this run is noisy throughout. The accepted draft therefore paraphrases this item rather than quoting it directly (architect correction, commit 35c1c4b4): treat the excerpt below as approximate wording, not a verified quotation.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1319", "text": "Ownership of the Soda Shop passed from Racer to Johnny Dodson and Beulah Sanborn (sold 1967, formal notice January 1968), to Maxene Estep (formal notice January 1969), to Ruth Thompson (by 1971), and finally to Fred Harner, while the shop stayed at the same location throughout.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: formal sale notices and a 1978 retrospective", "evidence_ids": [ "E1319-1", "E1319-2", "E1319-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The ownership sequence of the Soda Shop from 1967 to the late 1970s.", "limitations": "The Dodson/Sanborn sale notice ran in January 1968 though Racer’s 1978 recollection dates the sale itself to 1967 — a publication lag, not a conflict in the underlying fact. The Thompson sale is read only as a search snippet, not a verified page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1320", "text": "The Soda Shop closed in February 1978 \"after 19 years at the same location,\" when it merged with Avalon II under the same owner, Fred Harner.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a year-end retrospective", "evidence_ids": [ "E1320-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the record itself states a single, unchanged physical location for the Soda Shop’s entire 1959-1978 run.", "limitations": "A year-end \"Top Stories\" retrospective, not a contemporary report of the closing itself (that is CC20, used separately).", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1321", "text": "Bob Buckley, one of the few Coffee Club members the Courier names directly, turns up meeting someone at the Soda Shop in 1968.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet", "evidence_ids": [ "E1321-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Bob Buckley is tied to the Soda Shop by name as early as 1968.", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; the surrounding context of the item is not recovered.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1322", "text": "In 1971, Bob Buckley was still a regular, and was reportedly the only Coffee Club member who used the Town House as a fallback when the Soda Shop was closed, on an occasion when other members did not show up.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet", "evidence_ids": [ "E1322-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Town House was used by Coffee Club members specifically as a fallback for when the Soda Shop was closed, and that Buckley alone showed up on this occasion.", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; a single occasion, not a stated general pattern beyond what the item itself implies.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1323", "text": "Owner Ruth Thompson reportedly pushed three small tables together to seat the Coffee Club before finally installing one large table for them.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet", "evidence_ids": [ "E1323-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Soda Shop’s seating arrangement for the Coffee Club changed under Thompson’s ownership, from pushed-together small tables to one large table.", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1324", "text": "Under Fred Harner’s ownership in the late 1970s, the Soda Shop ran a pizza business after hours, operated by Harold Hawkins, who opened for breakfast around seven for \"the coffee clubbers\" and ran the shop as a pizza business from 3:30 to 9 p.m. (midnight on Fridays and Saturdays).", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet", "evidence_ids": [ "E1324-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Harold Hawkins worked the Soda Shop’s counter, the clearest tie of any named member to the place itself rather than only to the coffee gathering.", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1325", "text": "A fire did about $2,000 in damage to the Soda Shop in April 1977, caused by faulty wiring on a freezer. The shop reopened within the week, as scheduled.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary fire report, confirmed by a follow-up item", "evidence_ids": [ "E1325-1", "E1325-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a fire occurred at the Soda Shop in April 1977, its approximate cost and cause, and that the shop reopened promptly.", "limitations": "The reopening confirmation (CC17) is read only as a search-result snippet, not a verified page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1326", "text": "During the April 1977 fire, a woman was evacuated from a neighboring building the Courier called \"the hotel.\" This hints at roughly where on Main Street the Soda Shop stood, but the Soda Shop’s own exact address never appears in any source read for this story, and Berryville had more than one building known locally as \"the hotel,\" so the hint is not treated as a resolved address.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a locational hint, not a confirmed address", "evidence_ids": [ "E1326-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That a contemporary photo caption places a building called \"the hotel\" next to the Soda Shop during the 1977 fire, without resolving which of Berryville’s two buildings known as \"the hotel\" this was, or giving a street number for the Soda Shop itself.", "limitations": "No source read for this story states a street number for the Soda Shop. The evidence packet checked formal sale notices, gossip-column mentions and the 1987 Berryville Historic District DHR nomination (168-0012, which never names the Soda Shoppe, Racer, Dodson, Estep, Thompson or Harner) and found none; a circumstantial inference tying the \"hotel building\" to a specific Main Street address (9 E. Main St.) is explicitly not published here, per the evidence packet’s own instruction against it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1327", "text": "The Soda Shop merged with Avalon II, a restaurant \"just three doors down\" under the same ownership (Fred Harner), in February 1978, stated reason being to reduce \"the double overhead\" of running both.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a front-page announcement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1327-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Soda Shop’s staff and operation moved into Avalon II under the same owner, a short distance away, rather than the business simply closing.", "limitations": "Avalon II’s own exact address was not pinned down by the evidence packet either; \"three doors down\" is the paper’s own phrase, not an address.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1328", "text": "After leaving the Soda Shop/Avalon II, the Coffee Club moved to the Town House and later to Jane’s Lunch, where it was meeting at 9 a.m. weekdays as of the Times-Courier’s 2004 feature. The record does not state exactly when either transition happened.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a founding member’s 2004 account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1328-1", "E1328-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "The venue sequence after the Soda Shop/Avalon II era, and that the club was meeting at Jane’s Lunch at 9 a.m. weekdays as of October 2004.", "limitations": "No date is given in any source read for when the club left the Soda Shop/Avalon II for the Town House, or when it left the Town House for Jane’s Lunch; the sequence itself rests on one founding member’s 2004 recollection, bracketed by the 1979 \"Top Stories\" piece on one end and the 2004 feature on the other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1329", "text": "As of 2004, J. Fred Jones and Eddie Wisecarver were named as surviving original members of the Coffee Club, with Wisecarver described as one who \"still joins them once in a while.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the 2004 feature’s own description", "evidence_ids": [ "E1329-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the 2004 feature names two men as surviving original members.", "limitations": "The feature’s own characterization of who counted as an \"original\" member; no independent membership record exists to check it against.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1330", "text": "Guy \"Bill\" Shackleford, at 91, was called the Coffee Club’s \"chairman of the board\" in a 2004 front-page photo caption, and was described as the one from whom \"the members learn about the history of the town.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the 2004 feature’s own description", "evidence_ids": [ "E1330-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the 2004 feature gives Shackleford this informal role and title within the group.", "limitations": "A nickname/title given by the paper, not a formal office the club is shown to have had (the draft and the record agree the club had no officers).", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1331", "text": "In February 2006, with Jane’s Lunch briefly closed for renovation, the Coffee Club met at the Tastee Freez instead, the same fallback pattern the record shows at the Town House thirty-five years earlier.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: read only as a search-result snippet", "evidence_ids": [ "E1331-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the Coffee Club used the Tastee Freez as a one-time fallback in 2006 while its regular venue was closed, echoing the same pattern CC14 shows for the Town House in 1971.", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image. Too late to bear on the Soda Shop/Town House/Jane’s Lunch sequence itself; included only for the fallback pattern.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-01", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1332", "text": "Williamson’s 1909 history reproduces, in a footnote, General George H. Chapman’s own report of the first Millwood meeting, filed the same day, April 18, 1865: Mosby \"declined to surrender at this time\" but said that if the Confederate cause proved lost he \"would disband his organization,\" not surrender it as one.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reproduced Federal report, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1332-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a Federal officer’s own same-day written report already attributed to Mosby, before the second meeting took place, an intention to disband rather than surrender.", "limitations": "Reproduced only in Williamson’s 1909 footnote; no independent copy of Chapman’s report has been found or inspected for this story. A contemporary report of what Mosby said is not independent confirmation that events afterward matched it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1333", "text": "Williamson’s 1909 history reproduces internal instructions from Headquarters Middle Military Division to Brevet Major-General Torbert, dated April 16, 1865, confirming independently of the Hancock-to-Halleck telegram that \"Colonel Mosby, C. S. Army, will be at Millwood, Tuesday next, the 18th inst., at 12 m., for the purpose of arranging the surrender of his command or definitely declining.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reproduced internal order, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1333-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the Federal chain of command’s own internal instructions, not addressed to Mosby, independently named Millwood and April 18 as the place and date of the first meeting.", "limitations": "Reproduced only in Williamson’s 1909 text; no independent copy of this order has been found or inspected for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1334", "text": "Williamson’s 1909 history reproduces a telegram from W. G. Mitchell to Major-General Augur, dated Winchester, April 20, 1865, reporting that Mosby, met in person at Millwood that day, \"stated, and it appears to be true from the corroboration of Confederate officers and soldiers who have surrendered, and citizens, that his command has disbanded, with the exception of a few officers and soldiers.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reproduced telegram, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1334-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a Federal telegram, filed the same day as the second meeting, reported Mosby stating his command had already disbanded — a day earlier than Monteiro’s account of the formal disbanding at Salem.", "limitations": "Reproduced only in Williamson’s 1909 text; no independent copy of this telegram has been found or inspected for this story. Not necessarily in conflict with Monteiro’s Salem account (an informal statement at Millwood and a formal farewell ceremony the next day are not mutually exclusive), but the sequence is not resolved here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1335", "text": "The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination quotes the 1868 report as saying: \"Mr. Keys has been relieved by Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson (col'd) who is a very good teacher & will build up a good school.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: quotation reproduced by the nomination, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1335-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-freedmens-school", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The exact words, as the nomination prints them, that the 1868 report used of Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson and of the change of teacher at Berryville.", "limitations": "The quotation is the nomination's; the 1868 report itself was not read here. It names a teacher, a predecessor and an agent's hope, not the school, its location or its opening or closing. The Freedmen's Bureau, Ripley and April 30, 1868 attributions rest on the already-live claim C960, written from the extracted text of S435. \"col'd\" is the report's own abbreviation as quoted. The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1336", "text": "The 2000 nomination says that in July 1869 The Clarke Courier reported, under the banner \"Millwood Is In Possession Of A Sensation,\" that John Holmes, \"a colored veteran who had lost a leg in the war,\" had set up a free school in the village. The nomination summarizes the article in its own words; it does not quote it.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the nomination's summary of an unread article, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1336-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the nomination reports an 1869 Courier article about a free school set up at Millwood by John Holmes.", "limitations": "The 1869 Courier issue was not read; the passage is the nomination's paraphrase of it. Nothing here says where the school met, how long it lasted, who attended, or whether it is the school of the 1868 report or of Nancy Jones in 1873. The nomination gives no biography of Holmes beyond this sentence; \"colored\" is the nomination's wording. The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1337", "text": "The nomination says that in 1873 The Clarke Courier announced the year's teaching appointments, including that of \"Nancy Jones, col'd,\" who would be the Chapel District teacher at the Millwood School.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reported by the nomination from an unread notice, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1337-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the nomination reports a named teacher, her district and her school from the Courier's 1873 list of appointments.", "limitations": "The 1873 Courier was not read; the notice is known only through the nomination's quotation and paraphrase. It gives a name, a district and a school, not a biography, a start date or an end date. \"col'd\" is the Courier's abbreviation as quoted. The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1338", "text": "The nomination quotes The Clarke Courier's own comment on the 1873 list in these words: \"It will be seen that there are three colored teachers on the list, whose duties are confined to the instruction of colored children. The white man's government of Virginia, instead of making war upon the negroes, supplies the means and affords the opportunity for their education.\" It adds a closing sentence, which this record paraphrases rather than quotes, taunting Northern newspapermen the paper called \"Radical.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a white local paper's own voice, quoted by the nomination, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1338-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the 1873 Courier, a white local newspaper, described its own county's Black teachers and the state government, in the words the nomination quotes.", "limitations": "These are the newspaper's words about itself and the state government. They are not evidence of what the schools were like, of what Black families wanted from them, or of whether the paper's claim was fair. The first two sentences are quoted by the nomination; the third is only paraphrased here, with one word in quotation marks. The 1873 Courier was not read. The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1339", "text": "Drawing on the Virginia School Reports for 1871, 1873, 1874 and 1888, the nomination says that only four years after the public school system was established Clarke County supported eighteen schools for white children and four for Black children, and that by 1888 there were twenty-four for white children and the Black schools \"more than doubled, to ten.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the nomination's synthesis of unread state reports, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1339-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The county school counts, by race, that the nomination reports from the Virginia School Reports.", "limitations": "Only the nomination's synthesis was read; the 1871, 1873, 1874 and 1888 reports themselves were not, and the figures are not checked against them. The nomination does not say what counted as a school, or how pupils or teachers were counted. \"Black\" is the corpus's usage; the nomination's own word is \"blacks.\" The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1340", "text": "The nomination says that in April 1888 Beverly Randolph and Mary, his wife, conveyed a 1.25-acre school lot to the Chapel District School Board for $162.50, and that Mary had received the property through the will of her uncle Nathaniel Burwell and his wife Elizabeth Randolph in 1884.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: reported by the nomination from an unread deed and will, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1340-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood-colored-school", "millwood", "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the nomination reports an April 1888 conveyance of a school lot to the Chapel District School Board and an 1884 will as the source of the grantor's title.", "limitations": "Neither the deed nor the will was read, and the nomination is the only source for the chain. The passage as read does not itself say \"Millwood\": it calls the parcel \"the school lot\" in the Chapel District, and this record says no more than that the same nomination reports it. The page was re-read as a rendered image for the evidence packet (PR #743), but no image crop or receipt is committed to this repository, so the segment is marked as not inspected from the original image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-02", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1341", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County opens its chapter VIII, headed \"Old Chapel and Millwood,\" by saying that very early in the history of Frederick County provision was made for the building of chapels and that one was built at what is now called the \"Old Chapel,\" and that its history is given in an address delivered by Capt. Wm. N. Nelson in 1897.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, no earlier source seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1341-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "What Gold says about the origin of the Old Chapel and about the address that tells its history, at the book's own level.", "limitations": "Gold gives 1897 for Capt. Nelson's address; the 1906 Old Chapel book (S427) gives September 7, 1890 for Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address. The two dates are kept as printed and not reconciled. Gold names no source for the early chapel and no date for its building. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1342", "text": "Gold's 1914 history quotes Bishop Meade as saying that in 1834 \"it was found that the Old Chapel was too small and inconvenient for the increasing congregation,\" that it was determined to build another and larger church \"in a more central and convenient place in the vicinity of Millwood,\" and that \"funds for the latter could not be obtained, except on condition of alternate services at the Chapel.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: quoted by Gold from Meade, Meade's own page is a separate claim", "evidence_ids": [ "E1342-1", "E1342-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "What Gold prints, in Meade's name, about the 1834 decision to build a larger church near Millwood.", "limitations": "Gold cites \"Page 288, Volume II\"; the same passage is at the top of printed p. 289 in the copy of Meade this project holds (see C1347), so Gold's page number and the held copy's differ. The lines quoted here do not name Christ Church; the new church is described only as being in the vicinity of Millwood, on ground given by Mr. George Burwell, of Carter Hall (words that follow the quoted part of that sentence). Gold is quoting Meade, so Gold and Meade are one witness for this passage. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1343", "text": "On printed p. 69, in the part of its chapter on the Old Chapel graveyard, Gold's 1914 history says that \"each recurring spring a large number of people gather to place flowers upon the graves of those whom they love as friends and kindred and also upon those of the men who gave their lives for the cause all loved so well.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 description, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1343-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "What Gold says about a yearly gathering at the graveyard, in his own words.", "limitations": "\"The cause all loved so well\" is Gold's own 1914 wording, in the voice of a Lost Cause county history; it is reported as his voice and is not a finding of this project. The word \"Here\" that opens the sentence refers to the graveyard described in the lines above the reviewed crop. The 1906 Old Chapel book (S427) gives memorial services \"in every summer since 1866\" where Gold says \"each recurring spring\"; both are kept as printed. Gold also writes that the first Confederate monument from the county stands at the Old Chapel, but that sentence reaches the cropped edge and is not used here. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1344", "text": "The 1906 book on the Old Chapel says that, after \"the removal of the congregation to Christ Church, Millwood,\" the history of the \"Old Chapel\" is \"little more than a record of those who, from time to time, have gone over to the great majority\"; that \"Eighteen of our soldiers, who gave their lives for the cause of States rights, lie buried here\"; and that memorial services \"have been held here in every summer since 1866.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the book's own statement, names of the eighteen not on the page, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1344-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "What the 1906 book says about the congregation's removal and about the soldiers buried at the Old Chapel.", "limitations": "The names of the eighteen are not on this page. \"The cause of States rights\" is the book's own Lost Cause wording and is reported as its voice. The reviewed crop does not show whose words these are: the book prints a historical sketch attributed to Capt. William N. Nelson (an address of 1890, first published in the Courier that year) and later pieces, and this page's place among them was not checked, so the statement may be older than the 1906 printing. The printed page label is spelled \"Page Twelve\" at the foot of the page. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1345", "text": "Lancaster's Historic Virginia Homes and Churches (1915), p. 453, says that \"The burying ground at the old chapel is sometimes called the Burwell graveyard, not only because the Burwells gave the land upon which it lies, but because many\"; the passage as reviewed breaks off there.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Lancaster's 1915 statement, no deed seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1345-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "That Lancaster says the burying ground at \"the old chapel\" is sometimes called the Burwell graveyard, and gives the Burwells' gift of the land as one reason.", "limitations": "The reviewed crop names no congregation or place. That \"the old chapel\" is the Old Chapel near Millwood rests on Meade's pairing of the Old Chapel with \"the Burwell burial-ground\" (C1346) and on the book's chapter (printed p. 452, not reviewed). The sentence goes on past the crop and the second reason it begins (\"but because many\") was not read. No deed for the gift of the land was seen. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1346", "text": "Bishop Meade's Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, vol. II, printed p. 281, describes \"Cunningham Chapel, which stood near the spot where what has been long called the Old Chapel--near the Burwell burial-ground--still stands.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Meade's own statement, no parish record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1346-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "That Meade places Cunningham Chapel near the spot where the Old Chapel, near the Burwell burial-ground, stands.", "limitations": "Nearness only: Meade does not say that Cunningham Chapel and the Old Chapel are one congregation or one building, renamed, moved or rebuilt, and this record asserts none of that. The sentence begins above the reviewed text. The page number is that of the copy this project holds (title page 1878); other printings paginate differently. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1347", "text": "Bishop Meade's Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, vol. II, printed p. 289, says that \"funds for the latter could not be obtained, except on condition of alternate services at the chapel,\" and, in a sentence that goes on past the reviewed text, that \"they are now reduced to an annual pilgrimage, on some summer Sabbath, to this old and much-loved spot, except when services are held for the servants,\" and the sentence continues past that point.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Meade's own statement, no parish record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1347-1", "E1347-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "What Meade says about alternate services at the Old Chapel and about who still visits it and for what services.", "limitations": "\"Servants\" is Meade's word; the passage does not say who they were or what their status was, and this record does not interpret it. The antecedent of \"they\" is on the page above the reviewed text. The second quotation breaks off at a comma where the reviewed text ends. Meade is Gold's own source for the first sentence (see C1342), so the two are one witness for it. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1348", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, under the page heading \"Berryville Baptist Church,\" says that in 1772 Daniel and William Fristoe, brothers and Baptist preachers from Stafford County, began preaching in private houses near Battletown, now Berryville, and gathered a company of baptized believers \"who were constituted into Buck Marsh church.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, earlier sources not seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1348-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "What Gold says about the founding of the Baptist congregation at Berryville and the name it was first constituted under.", "limitations": "Gold's date is as printed and he names no earlier source for it; no minute book was seen. The identity of \"Buck Marsh church\" with the church at Berryville is Gold's own, under his heading. The page also says a house of worship was built half a mile from Berryville (not quoted here). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1349", "text": "Gold's 1914 history says that Rev. James Ireland \"became the pastor of the church in 1786, and continued to serve the church until his death in 1806.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1349-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "The pastorate Gold gives for Rev. James Ireland.", "limitations": "\"The church\" is the one under Gold's heading \"Berryville Baptist Church\"; the sentence before it (a house of worship half a mile from Berryville) is not quoted. No minute book was seen. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1350", "text": "Gold's 1914 history says that Rev. John Monroe, M. D., \"succeeded Fristoe,\" was followed by Rev. Joseph Baker, who \"with a short interregnum, remained with the church until 1852,\" and that Rev. Henry Dodge, D. D., \"succeeded Baker.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 list of pastors, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1350-1", "E1350-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "The sequence of pastors Gold gives, from Monroe to Dodge, for the Berryville Baptist church.", "limitations": "Gold writes \"Fristoe\" with no first name on this page, and the text between the pastorate of Rev. James Ireland (see C1349) and Monroe's was not reviewed, so the list as printed here is not a complete succession. The only date is 1852 for Baker. The list goes on past the quoted words. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1351", "text": "Gold's 1914 history says that the old graveyard at \"Trap Hill\" is \"the site of the old Buck Marsh church near Berryville.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 statement, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1351-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "Where Gold places the old Buck Marsh church.", "limitations": "Trap Hill is a place and a graveyard, not a congregation. Gold's sentence begins \"His remains lie in the old graveyard\"; the man it refers to is named above the reviewed crop. No survey, deed or map was seen for the site. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1352", "text": "Gold's 1914 history says that \"About 1840 the old church building was abandoned, a new and handsome brick building was erected in Berryville, and the name changed from 'Buck Marsh,' to 'Berryville',\" and that in 1885 another church house was built.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1352-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "What Gold says about the move to a brick building at Berryville, the change of name and a later building.", "limitations": "Gold's date is approximate (\"About 1840\") and is not given as exact here. This is the only source read for the change of name, so the renaming is Gold's statement and is not confirmed by a second source. The 1885 building date is Gold's too. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1353", "text": "A sketch of a minister in Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fourth Series (1913), printed p. 416, says that in 1848 he removed to Berryville, Clarke County, and that \"the Berryville Church first licensed him and later ordained him to preach.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Taylor's 1913 sketch, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1353-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Taylor names a \"Berryville Church\" in Clarke County that licensed and ordained a minister who came to Berryville in 1848.", "limitations": "The minister's name is on the page before the reviewed crop and was not read, so it is not given here. Taylor does not say \"Buck Marsh,\" and the tie to Gold's church rests on the name and on Clarke County; no church record was seen. The sketch also says he practiced as a physician for seven years (not used). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1354", "text": "A sketch in Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fourth Series (1913), printed p. 398, says of a man that \"In his earlier days he had confessed Christ and been baptized into the fellowship of the Berryville Church.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Taylor's 1913 sketch, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1354-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Taylor names a \"Berryville Church\" as the body a man was baptized into.", "limitations": "The man is named above the reviewed crop and is not named here. The crop names no county, so which Berryville is meant is not shown on it. The reviewed text goes on to quote a letter of January 11, 1870 that mentions a young man from Berryville; that letter is not used, because the crop ends mid-quotation. No church record was seen. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1355", "text": "A sketch in Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fifth Series (1915), printed p. 252, says that \"in what was then the Potomac Association\" a minister served \"as pastor of the Berryville Church,\" where \"he remained some five or six years.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Taylor's 1915 sketch, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1355-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Taylor names a pastorate of the Berryville Church of some five or six years in the Potomac Association.", "limitations": "The minister is named above the reviewed crop and is not named here; the dates of the pastorate are not on the crop. The crop does not say which Berryville is meant. No association minutes were seen. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1356", "text": "A sketch headed \"Henry W. Dodge\" in Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fifth Series (1915), printed p. 475, says that \"This year the Berryville church, which was then in the Salem Union Association, reported 78 baptisms.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Taylor's 1915 sketch, no association minutes seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1356-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Taylor reports 78 baptisms for the Berryville church, then in the Salem Union Association, in a year given on the page.", "limitations": "\"HENRY W. DODGE\" on the reviewed crop is the page's running head, not body text. The year that \"This year\" refers to is in the text above the crop and was not read. The sketch is about a minister named Dodge, and Gold lists a Rev. Henry Dodge among the pastors (see C1350); whether the two are one man, and whether \"the Berryville church\" is Gold's, rests on the surname and the place, not on a record. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1357", "text": "A sketch in Taylor's Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fifth Series (1915), printed p. 162, says that in 1858, at Berryville, Mr. Shepherd was ordained, the presbytery being \"E. Kingsford, H. W. Dcdge [sic], W. F. Broaddus, Dr. Hayes, and the Herndons,\" and lists \"Berryville\" first among the churches served during the remainder of the time.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Taylor's 1915 sketch, as printed, no church record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1357-1", "E1357-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Taylor places an 1858 ordination at Berryville and lists Berryville among the churches a man served.", "limitations": "\"H. W. Dcdge\" is printed so on the page and kept as printed; it is not corrected in the quotation. The page names \"Berryville\" as a place of ordination and as one of the churches served, and does not say which congregation or association is meant. The sketch is of a Mr. Shepherd whose first name is above the crop. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1358", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, in the roll printed on p. 241, lists: \"Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a roll in a 1914 county history, no service record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1358-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold's roll prints for a William Moore: his rank, the wound and the date.", "limitations": "As printed. The sentence can be read as giving April 2, 1865 as the date of the wound or of the death, and it is not checked against any other record. The reviewed crop does not show the roll's heading. The heading is on printed pp. 238-239 (with a portrait-plate caption between them), read in the separate statements on this page, which also record that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County; the unit is the roll's and is not stated in the entry itself. The entry gives a given name and surname only; no record read here separates this man from others of the same name, and none is claimed to be related. Gold's preface to a different company's roll (the Clarke Rifles, printed p. 196) says that roll was rebuilt from memory and \"may not be altogether right\"; no such statement was read for the roll cited here, and none is assumed. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1359", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, in the roll printed on p. 246, lists: \"Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a roll in a 1914 county history, no service record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1359-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold's roll prints for Pius Francis Topper: two events and their dates.", "limitations": "As printed, including \"Sept., 1864\" with no day. It is not checked against any other record. The reviewed crop does not show the roll's heading. The heading is on printed pp. 238-239 (with a portrait-plate caption between them), read in the separate statements on this page, which also record that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County; the unit is the roll's and is not stated in the entry itself. The entry gives a full name and no other detail; no second record has been read. Gold's preface to a different company's roll (the Clarke Rifles, printed p. 196) says that roll was rebuilt from memory and \"may not be altogether right\"; no such statement was read for the roll cited here, and none is assumed. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1360", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, in the roll printed on p. 240, lists: \"R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a roll in a 1914 county history, no service record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1360-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold's roll prints for R. O. Allen: his rank and the wound.", "limitations": "As printed, by initials and surname only. Gold prints other men named Allen (for example Lieut. D. H. Allen on p. 315), and none is assumed to be this man or to be related to him. The reviewed crop does not show the roll's heading. The heading is on printed pp. 238-239 (with a portrait-plate caption between them), read in the separate statements on this page, which also record that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County; the unit is the roll's and is not stated in the entry itself. Gold's preface to a different company's roll (the Clarke Rifles, printed p. 196) says that roll was rebuilt from memory and \"may not be altogether right\"; no such statement was read for the roll cited here, and none is assumed. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1361", "text": "On p. 268, in an account of fighting, Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County names \"among them Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, whose attention was attracted to Col. B. F. Davis, of the 8th New York Cavalry, that day in command of the brigade.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a battle narrative in a 1914 county history, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1361-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That Gold's narrative names a Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry.", "limitations": "The reviewed crop does not name the battle (it is in the text before the passage) and gives only a name, a rank and a unit. Whether this Lieut. R. O. Allen is the R. O. Allen of the roll entry (C1360) rests on the matching initials, surname and rank; no record says so. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1362", "text": "On p. 316, in a passage about the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, Gold's 1914 history says \"A list of the members of the Camp from its formation is herein given\"; the list printed on p. 317 includes the name \"R. O. Allen.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a membership list in a 1914 county history, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1362-1", "E1362-2", "E1362-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That a list Gold says is of the Camp's members includes the name R. O. Allen.", "limitations": "A membership list is not a service record and says nothing about where or how a member served. The list on p. 317 has no heading of its own: that it is the list of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp rests only on the p. 316 sentences, which name the Camp and then say the list follows. \"U.C.V.\" is printed on neither page and is not claimed. The name is initials and surname only, and nothing on the page says it is the man in the roll entry. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1363", "text": "On p. 316, in a passage about the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, Gold's 1914 history says \"A list of the members of the Camp from its formation is herein given\"; the list printed on p. 317 includes the name \"Peter Fuqua.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a membership list in a 1914 county history, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1363-1", "E1363-2", "E1363-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-fuqua" ], "establishes": "That a list Gold says is of the Camp's members includes the name Peter Fuqua.", "limitations": "A membership list is not a service record and says nothing about where or how a member served. The list on p. 317 has no heading of its own: that it is the list of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp rests only on the p. 316 sentences, which name the Camp and then say the list follows. \"U.C.V.\" is printed on neither page and is not claimed. Nothing on Gold's page says that the Peter Fuqua listed is the Peter Fuqua whom the Courier of July 20, 1922 reports dead (C666); the name is the only link. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-05", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1364", "text": "The Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915 prints on page 1, in a Special to The Star dated Berryville, Dec. 6 and headed \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE,\" that \"Hon. Thomas Daniel Gold died at 'Ellwood,' his ancestral homeplace, in Clarke county, at 8 o'clock on Saturday evening,\" and that he \"was born on February 23, 1845.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, not checked against another record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1364-1", "E1364-2", "E1364-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says about where and when Thomas Daniel Gold died and when he was born.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. The report gives the day of the death only as \"Saturday evening\" and dates itself Dec. 6. It says he \"was in the seventieth year of his age,\" which does not match February 23, 1845 to December 1915 by ordinary reckoning (age 70, in his 71st year); the paper's wording is kept as printed and not corrected. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1365", "text": "The same obituary says \"He is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Frank G. Walter (formerly Miss Lucy Neville Gold), of Chicago, Ill., and Miss Mary Washington Gold, who lives at home, and one son,\" and the continuation on page 2 names the son as \"Thomas Gold, of Berryville\" and says \"Mr. Gold's wife, who was formerly Miss Sarah Helm Barnett, died some years ago. They were married in 1866.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, family as the paper names it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1365-1", "E1365-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "The wife, the marriage year, the two daughters and the son that the Star's obituary names for Thomas Daniel Gold.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. Family members are named only as the obituary names them; no record read here confirms the marriage, the children or their names. The sentence naming the son breaks off at the jump line on page 1 and resumes on page 2. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1366", "text": "The obituary's continuation says \"At the age of 16 years he entered the service of the Confederate army, enlisting in Company I, Second Virginia Regiment, which was attached to the Stonewall Brigade,\" and that the company \"was first commanded by Captain Bowen, later by Capt. S. J. C. Moore, and finally by Captain O'Bannon.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, service as the paper tells it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1366-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says of the unit Thomas Daniel Gold enlisted in and its captains.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. It gives no rank and no enlistment date, and does not say \"Clarke Riflemen\" or \"Clarke Rifles\". Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1367", "text": "It says \"During the second battle of Manassas he was desperately wounded, and was for a long time unable to perform military duties,\" and that he stayed with the company until May, 1864, \"when he was captured and made prisoner at Bloody Angle, near Spottsylvania [sic] Court House.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, service as the paper tells it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1367-1", "E1367-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says of Thomas Daniel Gold's wound at the second Manassas and his capture in May 1864.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. \"Spottsylvania\" is the paper's spelling, kept. The second sentence of the passage has no subject in the printed text (\"Upon recovering, however, returned to his company\"). The service card read here for the Manassas battles says only \"Wounded.\" (see its own claim). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1368", "text": "It says \"He was confined at Point Lookout prison about three months, from which place he was transferred[.] to the military prison at Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until he was exchanged in the spring of 1865.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, service as the paper tells it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1368-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says of Thomas Daniel Gold's imprisonment and exchange.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. The cards read here do not repeat this route: one shows a parole sent from Elmira on Feb. 20, 1865 for exchange, another an oath of parole at Winchester on April 21st 1865, and none names Point Lookout. The difference is kept, not reconciled. The \"[.]\" marks a stray mark between \"transferred\" and \"to\" on the page. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1369", "text": "It says \"He was for many years a member of the board of Supervisors of Clarke county, the representative for four years in the Virginia Senate from this senatorial district, composed of the counties of Clarke, Warren and Page,\" and that \"A little more than a year ago Mr. Gold published a book, containing a history of Clarke county and the part her sons took in the Confederate service during the civil war.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, public life as the paper tells it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1369-1", "E1369-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says of Thomas Daniel Gold's county and state offices and a book he published.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. The obituary does not name the book or its date. A separate record in this collection, \"Thomas D. Gold,\" is the author of Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County; this entry is not merged with it, and no claim here says the two are one man or two. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1370", "text": "It says \"The funeral of Mr. Gold took place this afternoon from the Baptist Church ,and the services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. Dr. Julian Broaddus. Burial was in Green Hill Cemetery.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a newspaper obituary of 1915, not checked against a burial record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1370-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Star's obituary says of the funeral and burial of Thomas Daniel Gold.", "limitations": "The obituary is the newspaper's own account, written the day of the report, and is not checked against any other record here. \"This afternoon\" is relative to the date of the report, and the space before the comma is as printed. No cemetery record was read for this claim. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1371", "text": "A muster-roll card in the compiled service record of Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, reads \"Pvt {Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2 Regiment Virginia Infantry.* Age 16 years. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, from Clarke County, for Apr 18 to June 30, 1861,\" records \"Occupation Farmer\" and an enrolment on Apr 18, 1861 at Berryville by Capt S. H. Bowen, a muster-in on May 13, 1861 at \"school House on Hagerstown Road,\" and a footnote \"*This company subsequently became Company I, 2d Regiment Virginia Infantry.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1371-1", "E1371-2", "E1371-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the 1861 muster-roll card says of Thomas D. Gold: his rank, age, occupation, enrolment at Berryville, muster-in and company.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The handwriting was read twice, the second time independently; the mark above the surname (a caret or x and a small G) is not transcribed. The card's name is Thomas D. Gold, rank Pvt, age 16; it does not say where he lived. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1372", "text": "A second muster-roll card reads \"Thomas D. Gold, 6[th?] Sgt, Co. I, 2 Reg't Virginia Infantry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Apr 30 to Oct 31, 1862,\" gives his enlistment as Apr 18, 1861 at Berryville for a period of 1 year, and carries the remark \"Remarks: Appointed Aug 1 1862 in place of Barr,\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, rank as the card gives it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1372-1", "E1372-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the 1862 muster-roll card says of Thomas D. Gold: a sergeant's rank in Co. I, and the remark on his appointment.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The ordinal before \"Sgt\" is faint and read here as \"6[th?]\". The remark does not say what he was appointed to; the rank line says Sgt. The remark ends with a comma in the reading. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1373", "text": "A typed abstract card reads \"Thos. Gold , Co. I , 2 Reg't., Va. Inf.\" as appearing on \"a REPORT of operations and casualties, of the 2d Reg't. Va. Inf., in the battles of Manassas, Va., Aug. 27 to 30, 1862,\" with the report dated \"Jan. 14 , 1863\" and the remark \"Wounded.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, a casualty abstract", "evidence_ids": [ "E1373-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That a casualty-report abstract in the file lists a Thos. Gold of Co. I, 2d Va. Inf. as wounded in the Manassas battles of August 27 to 30, 1862.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The card gives the name as \"Thos. Gold\" with no middle initial, no rank, and does not say how or where he was wounded; another Gold in the company cannot be excluded from this card alone. The obituary's \"desperately wounded\" at the second Manassas is a separate statement. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1374", "text": "A parole card reads \"Thos D. Gould, [+ mark above the surname] Sgt, Co. I. 2d Regt. Va,\" as a signature to \"a Parole of Prisoners of War sent from Elmira, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1865, to James River for Exchange,\" with \"Where captured Spottsylvania\" and \"When captured May 1[2], 1864.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, a prisoner-of-war parole", "evidence_ids": [ "E1374-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That a parole card in the file lists a Sgt, Co. I, 2d Regt. Va., written Gould, sent from Elmira, N. Y. on Feb. 20, 1865 for exchange, captured at Spottsylvania in May 1864.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The surname is written \"Gould\" on this card where the jacket and the other cards say Gold; it is kept as written. The second digit of the capture day is doubtful and bracketed, and \"Spottsylvania\" is as written. The card does not name Point Lookout, which the obituary does. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1375", "text": "An oath of parole reads \"HEAD QUARTERS MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION, OFFICE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL. WINCHESTER VA. April 21st 1865. I T. D. Gold. of Co. I. 2d Va Inf C. S. Army, do hereby give this my parole of Honor,\" gives \"AGE 20,\" and carries in the margin, in another hand, \"Nr Berryville.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, an oath of parole at Winchester", "evidence_ids": [ "E1375-1", "E1375-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That a parole of honor signed T. D. Gold of Co. I, 2d Va Inf, dated April 21st 1865 at Winchester, gives his age as 20 and has a margin note \"Nr Berryville.\"", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The middle of the printed oath and the signature are not transcribed; \"[the]\" is faint; the jurat prints \"be\" for \"by\" as read (\"Sworn to and subscribed be [sic] before me\"). The margin note is in another hand and abbreviates the first word. The file number at the upper left and the signatures are not quoted. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1376", "text": "The file jacket reads \"Gold. Thomas. D. Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y. (CONFEDERATE.) Private Sergeant.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, the file jacket", "evidence_ids": [ "E1376-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the file is headed Gold, Thomas D., Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y., Confederate, and lists the ranks Private and Sergeant.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. No card read here names Ellwood or says that the man on it is the Thomas Daniel Gold of the 1915 obituary: the link rests on the name, Company I and the Second Virginia Regiment, and is labelled Likely, not Confirmed. The jacket also carries a handwritten file number and the printed list of card numbers; neither is quoted here. It shows what the file is headed and lists the two ranks; it does not itself date them. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a saved page or card image, then on a cropped image. Both readings support the claim; the crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1377", "text": "A hospital-register card in the compiled service record of Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, reads \"Thomas D. Gold Sgt. Co. I. 2d Regt. Va. Cav. [sic] Capt. O'Bannon\" as appearing on \"a Register of C. S. A. General Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia,\" with \"Admitted Oct. 22. , 1863\" and \"Returned to duty Jan. 13. , 1864.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, a hospital register entry", "evidence_ids": [ "E1377-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That a hospital-register card filed in the Thomas D. Gold file lists a Sgt., Co. I, admitted to the Charlottesville general hospital on Oct. 22, 1863 and returned to duty on Jan. 13, 1864.", "limitations": "The card writes the regiment as \"2d Regt. Va. Cav.\" and \"2 Cav.\" (the editorial [sic] marks that it is kept as written) although the company, the captain and the other cards in this file are those of the 2nd Virginia Infantry; the contradiction is not resolved here. For this card alone, identity is Unconfirmed: it is filed in the service file headed Gold, Thomas D., Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y., gives the same name and company letter and Capt. O'Bannon (the captain the 1915 obituary names last for Co. I), but the regiment word it carries is the only place that word appears. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original registers. The disease is abbreviated in a faint hand (\"Fe[b/v]. Typh[d]\") and no expansion is on the card; the points after the days are as printed. The blank printed fields, the copyist's signature and the stamped number are not quoted. Each cited passage was read as a saved page or card image and then, independently, on a cropped image; the second reading supports the claim. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page or card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-06", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1378", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County opens chapter XXV, \"THE CLARKE CAVALRY,\" on printed p. 238 with \"AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry,\" and goes on to say \"It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county.\" Printed p. 239 introduces \"The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861–65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:\"; the R. O. Allen entry stands among the officers on p. 240, which then has the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\"; and p. 246 closes the roster with \"The foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the heading pages of a roll in a 1914 county history; the roll alone does not show residence", "evidence_ids": [ "E1378-1", "E1378-2", "E1378-3", "E1378-4", "E1378-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold prints at the head and the close of the roll of the Clarke Cavalry in which the R. O. Allen entry stands, including that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "limitations": "As printed. Gold's chapter says the troop \"went from the County of Clarke\" and in the next sentence that it was not composed wholly of residents of that county, and that men from adjoining and distant counties and from other states enlisted in it. A man's place in this roll therefore shows a Clarke roll, under this site's rule, but does not by itself show that he lived in Clarke County; no birth or residence record has been read for him. His entry stands among the officers on p. 240, before the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\"; the closing sentence on p. 246 speaks of \"all enlistments\", and these pages do not say whether it takes in the officers. Gold prints other men named Allen (David H. Allen, 2nd Lieut., on p. 239, and James M. Allen, \"now living in Brooklyn, New York\"); none is assumed to be this man or to be related to him. The heading is a run of pages, not one boxed heading on a roll page: the chapter opening (p. 238), the roster's introduction (p. 239, which says \"the Company\" and does not repeat \"Clarke Cavalry\"; it refers back to the chapter), the subheading and the closing sentence. The unit \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\" is printed on the plate caption (a separate statement on this page), not in the roster itself. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1379", "text": "An unnumbered portrait plate between printed pp. 238 and 239 of Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County carries the caption \"D. T. RICHARDS CAPTAIN, 'CLARKE CAVALRY,' (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY[)] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a plate caption in a 1914 county history; it names the unit, not any man", "evidence_ids": [ "E1379-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the caption under the portrait of D. T. Richards prints as the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry.", "limitations": "As printed; line breaks are not marked. The caption print is faint and broken in places, and the closing parenthesis after the first \"CAVALRY\" is only a faint smudge in the image, so it is marked [)]; the company letter reads D (the PDF text layer misreads it). The caption names D. T. Richards and the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry; it names no man of the roll, and it is the only page of the run that gives \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\". Whether the troop of chapter XXV is that company is read from the caption, not from the roster, which says only \"the Company\". It does not name R. O. Allen or place him in any company. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1380", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County opens chapter XXV, \"THE CLARKE CAVALRY,\" on printed p. 238 with \"AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry,\" and goes on to say \"It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county.\" Printed p. 239 introduces \"The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861–65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:\"; p. 240 has the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\" that begins the alphabetical list in which the William Moore entry stands on p. 241; and p. 246 closes the roster with \"The foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the heading pages of a roll in a 1914 county history; the roll alone does not show residence", "evidence_ids": [ "E1380-1", "E1380-2", "E1380-3", "E1380-4", "E1380-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold prints at the head and the close of the roll of the Clarke Cavalry in which the William Moore entry stands, including that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "limitations": "As printed. Gold's chapter says the troop \"went from the County of Clarke\" and in the next sentence that it was not composed wholly of residents of that county, and that men from adjoining and distant counties and from other states enlisted in it. A man's place in this roll therefore shows a Clarke roll, under this site's rule, but does not by itself show that he lived in Clarke County; no birth or residence record has been read for him. His entry (p. 241) is not on any of the passages quoted here: the placement rests on the alphabetical list of enlisted men that begins under the p. 240 subheading and runs to the closing sentence on p. 246, which these passages bracket but do not show entry by entry. The heading is a run of pages, not one boxed heading on a roll page: the chapter opening (p. 238), the roster's introduction (p. 239, which says \"the Company\" and does not repeat \"Clarke Cavalry\"; it refers back to the chapter), the subheading and the closing sentence. The unit \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\" is printed on the plate caption (a separate statement on this page), not in the roster itself. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1381", "text": "An unnumbered portrait plate between printed pp. 238 and 239 of Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County carries the caption \"D. T. RICHARDS CAPTAIN, 'CLARKE CAVALRY,' (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY[)] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a plate caption in a 1914 county history; it names the unit, not any man", "evidence_ids": [ "E1381-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the caption under the portrait of D. T. Richards prints as the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry.", "limitations": "As printed; line breaks are not marked. The caption print is faint and broken in places, and the closing parenthesis after the first \"CAVALRY\" is only a faint smudge in the image, so it is marked [)]; the company letter reads D (the PDF text layer misreads it). The caption names D. T. Richards and the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry; it names no man of the roll, and it is the only page of the run that gives \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\". Whether the troop of chapter XXV is that company is read from the caption, not from the roster, which says only \"the Company\". It does not name William Moore or place him in any company. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1382", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County opens chapter XXV, \"THE CLARKE CAVALRY,\" on printed p. 238 with \"AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry,\" and goes on to say \"It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county.\" Printed p. 239 introduces \"The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861–65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:\"; p. 240 has the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\" that begins the alphabetical list in which the Pius Francis Topper entry stands on p. 246; and p. 246 closes the roster with \"The foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the heading pages of a roll in a 1914 county history; the roll alone does not show residence", "evidence_ids": [ "E1382-1", "E1382-2", "E1382-3", "E1382-4", "E1382-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold prints at the head and the close of the roll of the Clarke Cavalry in which the Pius Francis Topper entry stands, including that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "limitations": "As printed. Gold's chapter says the troop \"went from the County of Clarke\" and in the next sentence that it was not composed wholly of residents of that county, and that men from adjoining and distant counties and from other states enlisted in it. A man's place in this roll therefore shows a Clarke roll, under this site's rule, but does not by itself show that he lived in Clarke County; no birth or residence record has been read for him. His entry is on p. 246, above the closing sentence on the same page and outside the passage quoted here: the placement rests on the alphabetical list of enlisted men that begins under the p. 240 subheading and ends at that sentence. The heading is a run of pages, not one boxed heading on a roll page: the chapter opening (p. 238), the roster's introduction (p. 239, which says \"the Company\" and does not repeat \"Clarke Cavalry\"; it refers back to the chapter), the subheading and the closing sentence. The unit \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\" is printed on the plate caption (a separate statement on this page), not in the roster itself. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1383", "text": "An unnumbered portrait plate between printed pp. 238 and 239 of Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County carries the caption \"D. T. RICHARDS CAPTAIN, 'CLARKE CAVALRY,' (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY[)] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY\".", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a plate caption in a 1914 county history; it names the unit, not any man", "evidence_ids": [ "E1383-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the caption under the portrait of D. T. Richards prints as the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry.", "limitations": "As printed; line breaks are not marked. The caption print is faint and broken in places, and the closing parenthesis after the first \"CAVALRY\" is only a faint smudge in the image, so it is marked [)]; the company letter reads D (the PDF text layer misreads it). The caption names D. T. Richards and the company and regiment of the Clarke Cavalry; it names no man of the roll, and it is the only page of the run that gives \"Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry\". Whether the troop of chapter XXV is that company is read from the caption, not from the roster, which says only \"the Company\". It does not name Pius Francis Topper or place him in any company. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1384", "text": "The Virginia Military Institute Memorial (Walker, 1875), printed p. 430, opens its sketch with the heading \"EDMUND PENDLETON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; LIEUTENANT, CO. 'C,' 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY,\" says that \"Edmund Pendleton was born at Fairfield, Clarke County, Virginia, October 4, 1843,\" and says that he served with Ashby's Cavalry \"until the return of his brother, Captain John R. Pendleton, from Fort Delaware.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one witness, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1384-1", "E1384-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI Memorial prints at the head of its sketch of Edmund Pendleton: his unit, his rank, a Clarke County birth place and date, and a brother named Captain John R. Pendleton.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The heading \"OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA\" and the birth sentence are the book's own statements; a birth statement in a memorial sketch is not a birth record, so the Clarke basis is qualified. The heading prints the regiment in old-style figures (11TH, the same glyph as the 1 in 1843). The page names no place where the family lived after his birth and no burial place. Gold's 1914 list (printed p. 309) prints the name as Edmond and puts a Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton in the same company; that agreement of company, rank and a named Captain John R. Pendleton is why the two are tied as Likely, and the spellings Edmund and Edmond are kept as printed (see C1387). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1385", "text": "On printed p. 431 the VMI Memorial's sketch of Edmund Pendleton says that \"At the severe engagement of Jack's Shop, he led the brigade sharpshooters, opening the attack upon the enemy,\" and ends the page with \"In the spring of 1864 Lieutenant Pendleton went with General Rosser's command to Orange County, then to Spott-\" (Spotsylvania, completed on p. 432).", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one witness, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1385-1", "E1385-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the VMI sketch has Lieutenant Pendleton alive and in service after Jack's Shop, going with Rosser's command in the spring of 1864.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The reviewed crop starts mid-paragraph (the lines above it, on Gettysburg and Boonsborough, are not used) and the page does not date Jack's Shop. On this page the sketch has him in service in the spring of 1864; Gold's 1914 list (printed p. 309) says \"killed at Jack's Shop, fall of 1863.\" The two accounts of his death conflict and this claim does not choose between them (see C1386 and C1387). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1386", "text": "At the end of its sketch of Edmund Pendleton (printed p. 432) the VMI Memorial says that he went \"to Spott-\" and that, completing the word, \"sylvania, and was killed at the head of his company on the 6th of May, while urging his comrades to charge,\" and quotes General Rosser's letter to his father as saying that \"on the 6th of May, 1864, he fell in the battle of the Wilderness, while nobly fighting at the head of his regiment.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875 that prints two places for one day; conflict kept", "evidence_ids": [ "E1386-1", "E1386-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI sketch prints about his death: May 6 (1864), at Spotsylvania in the sketch's own sentence and at the battle of the Wilderness in the Rosser letter it quotes, at the head of his company in the one and of his regiment in the other.", "limitations": "The sketch's own sentence gives the day without a year (the year 1864 is in the quoted letter and in the spring of 1864 on p. 431) and names Spotsylvania; the quoted letter names the Wilderness: two places for one day in one sketch, not reconciled here. The sketch also says he was \"not quite twenty-one years old,\" which agrees with a birth on October 4, 1843. Gold's 1914 list (printed p. 309) prints a different death for a Lieut. Edmond Pendleton: \"killed at Jack's Shop, fall of 1863.\" The VMI sketch and Gold conflict on the date and the place of his death, and the spelling is Edmund in one and Edmond in the other; this claim states the VMI side and decides nothing. The year in the sketch's own sentence and the identity of the man in the two sources are not settled by either page. A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1387", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, in a two-column list on printed p. 309 headed \"11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY\" and \"CO. C,\" prints \"Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton\" and, across three printed lines of one entry, \"Lieut. Edmond Pendleton,\" \"killed at Jack's Shop,\" and \"fall of 1863.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a unit list in a 1914 county history, no service record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1387-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold's list prints for a Lieut. Edmond Pendleton of Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry: that he was killed at Jack's Shop in the fall of 1863.", "limitations": "As printed, with the two-column layout shown by \"|\" and one printed line per \"/\" in the excerpt. The page carries no chapter heading; that it is part of Gold's list of Clarke County men in various commands rests on the roster record for the page, so the Clarke basis here is qualified and rests on the book, not on this page. It prints Edmond where the VMI sketch prints Edmund and gives a death (fall of 1863 at Jack's Shop) that conflicts with the VMI sketch's May 6, 1864 (see C1386); this claim states Gold's side and decides nothing. Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton and Philip P. Pendleton, also listed, share the surname; no relationship is stated on the page. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1388", "text": "Printed p. 314 of Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County carries the dedication heading of an inscription: \"ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SONS OF CLARKE who gave their lives in defense of the RIGHTS OF THE STATES and of Constitutional Government Fortune denied them success But they achieved IMPERISHABLE FAME,\" followed by the EAST SIDE names; the inscribed names on pp. 315-316 continue the list.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the heading of an inscription as Gold transcribes it, not an entry for any man", "evidence_ids": [ "E1388-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war", "lewis-ashby-civil-war", "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What kind of list the inscription names on pp. 315-316 belong to: a memorial \"to the memory of the sons of Clarke who gave their lives.\"", "limitations": "This is a heading, not an entry for any man, and it names none of the three men on whose pages it is cited (Pendleton, Lewis Ashby, John W. Ashby); it says only what kind of list their initial-and-surname entries belong to. The wording (\"the rights of the states,\" \"Fortune denied them success\") is the inscription's own 1900s Lost Cause voice, reported as Gold prints it and not as a finding of this project. The monument inscription gives initials and surname only, with no first name, company or date, and the book gives no key to it; another man with the same initials cannot be ruled out from the page. That the list is the inscription of the Confederate monument rests on the roster record for the page and on Gold's later sentence about the unveiling; the word \"monument\" is not on the heading page. The crop ends at the first two lines of the EAST SIDE. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1389", "text": "Printed p. 315 of Gold's 1914 history prints, under the heading \"NORTH\" and \"OTHER COMMANDS,\" the first four names \"MAJ. H. M. NELSON,\" \"SURG. W. HAY,\" \"LIEUT. R. P. BURWELL\" and \"LIEUT. E. PENDLETON\"; the list continues on p. 316.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a name on an inscription list in a 1914 county history, initial and rank only", "evidence_ids": [ "E1389-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the inscription list Gold prints includes the name LIEUT. E. PENDLETON under \"OTHER COMMANDS.\"", "limitations": "The monument inscription gives initials and surname only, with no first name, company or date, and the book gives no key to it; another man with the same initials cannot be ruled out from the page. That the list is the inscription of the Confederate monument rests on the roster record for the page and on Gold's later sentence about the unveiling; the word \"monument\" is not on the heading page. The entry gives a rank and one initial and no first name, company or date. The rank and initial fit Lieut. Edmund (Edmond) Pendleton, the only Lieutenant Pendleton found by a text search of the hosted Gold, but the inscription does not say so. The heading above the list is on p. 314 (see C1388). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1390", "text": "The Virginia Military Institute Memorial (Walker, 1875), printed p. 518, opens its sketch with the heading \"JAMES W. THOMSON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; MAJOR, HORSE ARTILLERY, ROSSER'S DIVISION, A. N. V.\" and says that \"James W. Thomson was born at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 28th of October, 1843.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1390-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-w-thomson-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI Memorial prints at the head of its sketch of James W. Thomson: his rank and arm, a Clarke County birth place and a date.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The heading \"OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA\" and the birth sentence are the book's own statements; a birth statement in a memorial sketch is not a birth record, so the Clarke basis is qualified. This is the only source for this man: the hosted Gold 1914 prints no Thomson (its monument list has \"G. Thompson,\" a different initial and spelling that is not tied to him), and no other held book returned a hit; no Clarke Cavalry or Chew's Battery roll was read. The spelling is Thomson throughout. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1391", "text": "The same sketch says that \"In the fall of 1861 he was elected second lieutenant of 'Chew's Battery' of Horse Artillery, and in February, 1864, succeeded to the command of the company,\" and that \"During the[,] same year, he was promoted, and commanded, with the rank of major, a battalion of horse artillery attached to Rosser's Cavalry Division until his death.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1391-1", "E1391-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-w-thomson-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI sketch says of his service: second lieutenant of Chew's Battery in 1861, in command of it in February 1864, and a major commanding a horse-artillery battalion in Rosser's Cavalry Division.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. A stray mark after \"the\" in \"During the, same year\" is shown as [,]. The sentence says \"the same year\" without restating which year; it follows the sentence on February 1864. No battery roll or service record was read. The sketch is the only source for this man. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1392", "text": "At the end of its sketch of James W. Thomson (printed p. 519) the VMI Memorial says that \"he was wounded in the arm, on the 5th of April, 1865, and on the day following was killed,\" in an attack by General Rosser \"near Farmville,\" and the sketch is signed \"Colonel R. Preston Chew.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875 signed by a comrade, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1392-1", "E1392-2", "E1392-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-w-thomson-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the signed VMI sketch says of his death: wounded April 5, 1865 and killed the day after, near Farmville.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The page names him only as Major Thomson; that he is James W. Thomson of Berryville rests on the sketch heading on p. 518 (C1390). The signature, \"Colonel R. Preston Chew,\" is the sketch's writer. No casualty list or burial record was read. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1393", "text": "The Virginia Military Institute Memorial (Walker, 1875), printed p. 33, opens its sketch with the heading \"JAMES L. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. 'D,' 6TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY,\" says that \"James L. Ashby, son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born in Clarke County, Virginia, on 6th of November, 1831,\" and says that he \"went into the milling business in Warren County, where he remained pursuing his quiet avocation until the breaking out of the war in 1861.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1393-1", "E1393-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI Memorial prints at the head of its sketch of James L. Ashby: his rank and company, a Clarke County birth and date, his parents' names, and that before the war he lived in Warren County.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The heading \"OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA\" and the birth sentence are the book's own statements; a birth statement in a memorial sketch is not a birth record, so the Clarke basis is qualified. His later home before the war was Warren County (milling), which the page says; his Clarke link here is the birth statement. The printed signature mark \"3\" at the foot of the page is a sheet mark, not text. His brother John W. Ashby has the next sketch. The Trevilian Station entry (Co. D, June 11, 1864) appears for two men in two sources: James L. Ashby in the VMI Memorial and Lewis Ashby in Gold's roll of the Clarke Cavalry. Neither source names the other's man, the first names differ, and the print does not show whether they are one man or two; this site keeps them as two entries, James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby, and does not merge them. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1394", "text": "On printed p. 34 the VMI Memorial says that James L. Ashby \"joined the 'Clarke Cavalry,' Co. 'D,' 6th Virginia Regiment, as a private\" on the 12th of March, 1862, that he took part in the battles of his regiment \"until June 11, 1864,\" when \"Co. 'D' was ordered to charge and take a battery of the Federal forces, near Trevyllian Station, Virginia,\" and that \"James Ashby fell dead, shot through the head with a bullet.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1394-1", "E1394-2", "E1394-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI sketch says of his service and death: a private in Co. D (the Clarke Cavalry), 6th Virginia, killed at Trevyllian Station on June 11, 1864.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. \"Trevyllian\" is printed so and kept. The page says \"James Ashby\" at the death, not \"Lewis.\" The page number 34 touches the top edge of the crop and is not quoted. The sentence continues from p. 33 (\"In the fall of that year he was called to Winchester\"). No casualty list was read. The Trevilian Station entry (Co. D, June 11, 1864) appears for two men in two sources: James L. Ashby in the VMI Memorial and Lewis Ashby in Gold's roll of the Clarke Cavalry. Neither source names the other's man, the first names differ, and the print does not show whether they are one man or two; this site keeps them as two entries, James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby, and does not merge them. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1395", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County opens chapter XXV, \"THE CLARKE CAVALRY,\" on printed p. 238 with \"AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry,\" and goes on to say \"It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county.\" Printed p. 239 introduces \"The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861-65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the heading pages of a roll in a 1914 county history; the roll alone does not show residence", "evidence_ids": [ "E1395-1", "E1395-2", "E1395-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold prints at the head of the roll of the Clarke Cavalry in which the Lewis Ashby entry stands, including that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "limitations": "As printed; the print has an en dash in \"1861-65,\" shown here with a hyphen. Gold's chapter on the Clarke Cavalry says the troop \"went from the County of Clarke\" and, in the next sentence, that it was not composed wholly of residents of that county, and that men from adjoining and distant counties and from other states enlisted in it. A man's place in a roll of the troop therefore shows a Clarke roll, under this site's rule, but does not by itself show that he lived in Clarke County. The heading is a run of pages, not one boxed heading: the chapter opening (p. 238) and the roster's introduction (p. 239, which says \"the Company\" and does not repeat \"Clarke Cavalry\"); the company letter and regiment are not on these two pages. The claim names no man; the Lewis Ashby entry is on p. 240 (see C1396). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1396", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, in the roster of the Clarke Cavalry on printed p. 240, has the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\" and as the first entry \"Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a roll in a 1914 county history, no service record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1396-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold's roll prints for Lewis Ashby: that he was killed in action at Trevillian Station on June 11, 1864.", "limitations": "As printed (the first entry runs onto a second line), with \"Trevillian\" as printed. The page names no company letter; the company is from the chapter heading (see C1395) and from other pages not used here. The entry gives a first name and surname only: no birth, residence or family. Buckner, George and Shirley C. Ashby are listed on the same page; no relationship to Lewis, or to the VMI sketch's Buckner Ashby, is stated. Gold's chapter on the Clarke Cavalry says the troop \"went from the County of Clarke\" and, in the next sentence, that it was not composed wholly of residents of that county, and that men from adjoining and distant counties and from other states enlisted in it. A man's place in a roll of the troop therefore shows a Clarke roll, under this site's rule, but does not by itself show that he lived in Clarke County. The Trevilian Station entry (Co. D, June 11, 1864) appears for two men in two sources: James L. Ashby in the VMI Memorial and Lewis Ashby in Gold's roll of the Clarke Cavalry. Neither source names the other's man, the first names differ, and the print does not show whether they are one man or two; this site keeps them as two entries, James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby, and does not merge them. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1397", "text": "Gold's 1914 history of Clarke County, on printed p. 309, in a two-column list headed \"CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA,\" prints the names \"Buckner Ashby,\" \"Lewis Ashby,\" \"Russell Ashby,\" \"Abner Ferguson\" and \"J. Ship Mitchel.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a unit list in a 1914 county history, name only", "evidence_ids": [ "E1397-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That Gold prints a Lewis Ashby in Co. I, 12th Virginia (not Co. D, 6th Virginia).", "limitations": "A name in a list, with no date or fate. It is a different unit from the Clarke Cavalry entry (see C1396); nothing on the page shows whether this is the same man (a transfer) or another Lewis Ashby, and this site treats it as a separate lead. The page carries no chapter heading; that it is Gold's list of Clarke County men in other commands rests on the roster record for the page, so the Clarke basis is qualified and rests on the book. Pencil tick marks beside three names in the image are a reader's annotations, not print. Buckner and Russell Ashby are listed with him; no relationship is stated. John W. Ashby of the VMI sketch also served in Co. I, 12th Va. Cav., but is not on this list. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1398", "text": "Printed p. 315 of Gold's 1914 history prints, under the heading \"SOUTH SIDE\" and \"Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry,\" three ranked names and a two-column name list that begins with \"L. Ashby\" and \"J. Bell.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a name on an inscription list in a 1914 county history, initial and surname only", "evidence_ids": [ "E1398-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the inscription list Gold prints includes the name \"L. Ashby\" under Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry.", "limitations": "The monument inscription gives initials and surname only, with no first name, company or date, and the book gives no key to it; another man with the same initials cannot be ruled out from the page. That the list is the inscription of the Confederate monument rests on the roster record for the page and on Gold's later sentence about the unveiling; the word \"monument\" is not on the heading page. \"L.\" fits Lewis Ashby of the roster and would fit \"James L.\" Ashby of the VMI sketch only if the inscription used his middle initial, which is not shown; the crop cannot choose between them, and this site does not. The crop cuts the list after the second line, and the heading above the inscription is on p. 314 (see C1388). The Trevilian Station entry (Co. D, June 11, 1864) appears for two men in two sources: James L. Ashby in the VMI Memorial and Lewis Ashby in Gold's roll of the Clarke Cavalry. Neither source names the other's man, the first names differ, and the print does not show whether they are one man or two; this site keeps them as two entries, James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby, and does not merge them. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1399", "text": "The Virginia Military Institute Memorial (Walker, 1875), printed p. 34, opens its sketch with the heading \"JOHN W. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. 'I,' 12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY\" and says that \"John W. Ashby, second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born near White Post, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 15th of December, 1833.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1399-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI Memorial prints at the head of its sketch of John W. Ashby: his rank and company, a birth place near White Post in Clarke County and a date, and his parents' names.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The heading \"OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA\" and the birth sentence are the book's own statements; a birth statement in a memorial sketch is not a birth record, so the Clarke basis is qualified. The sketch names his elder brother James L. Ashby (the previous sketch); his later residence before the war was Warren County (see C1400). The Gold 1914 Co. I, 12th Va. list (printed p. 309) prints Buckner, Lewis and Russell Ashby and no John W. Ashby. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1400", "text": "On printed p. 35 the VMI Memorial says that John W. Ashby \"volunteered as a private in Co. 'A,' 7th Virginia Cavalry, the celebrated 'Black Horse Cavalry,' commanded by the gallant Turner Ashby,\" and that \"until the reorganization of the army in 1862\" he \"joined Co. 'I,' 12th Virginia Cavalry, a company organized in Warren County, in the neighborhood where he resided before the war.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1400-1", "E1400-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI sketch says of his units: Co. A, 7th Virginia Cavalry in the fall of 1861, then Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, a company organized in Warren County, where the sketch says he resided before the war.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. His later residence was Warren County, which the page says in plain words (\"the neighborhood where he resided before the war\"); his Clarke link is the birth statement on p. 34 (see C1399), not residence. The crop starts at a whole line of the sketch, and the omitted lines above it are marked in the claimed passage. Turner Ashby is named as the commander of the 7th; no kinship is stated, and Richard Ashby is called a fellow cadet and \"a brother martyr in the Southern cause,\" not stated to be a relative. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1401", "text": "The same sketch says that \"On the 6th of April, 1865, just three days before the grand old army of Northern Virginia breathed her last at Appomattox Court-House, he rejoined his regiment,\" that \"On the morning of the 9th, just two hours before the catastrophe, he was struck in the stomach by a fragment of a shell, producing such severe wounds that death quickly ensued,\" and ends: \"James L. Ashby, at Trevyllian, John W. Ashby, at Appomattox, two brave soldier-brothers in life, in death not long divided.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a memorial sketch of 1875, one source, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1401-1", "E1401-2", "E1401-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the VMI sketch says of his death: struck by a shell fragment on the morning of the 9th (April 1865, by the sketch's own frame) and dying quickly, and that his brother James L. Ashby fell at Trevyllian.", "limitations": "A memorial sketch written for the 1875 book from the writer's knowledge and the accounts of comrades and family, a decade after the events: a retrospective account, not a service or death record, and not checked here against any other record. The day is \"the morning of the 9th\"; the month and year (April 9, 1865) are the page's frame (the 6th of April, three days before Appomattox), not a stated date. The last sentence pairs him with James L. Ashby of the previous sketch (\"at Trevyllian\"): the sketch itself says James, not Lewis. No casualty list or burial record was read. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1402", "text": "Printed p. 316 of Gold's 1914 history prints \"J. W. Ashby\" as the last name of the \"OTHER COMMANDS\" list of the NORTH side of an inscription, below \"Surg. Chas. McCormick,\" and goes on: \"The address was delivered by Hon. James Marshall, himself an old soldier. The monument was unveiled by Miss Mary Washington Gold, president of the Stonewall Chapter.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a name on an inscription list in a 1914 county history, initials and surname only", "evidence_ids": [ "E1402-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the inscription list Gold prints includes the name \"J. W. Ashby,\" and that Gold's following sentences call the object a monument unveiled by Miss Mary Washington Gold.", "limitations": "The monument inscription gives initials and surname only, with no first name, company or date, and the book gives no key to it; another man with the same initials cannot be ruled out from the page. That the list is the inscription of the Confederate monument rests on the roster record for the page and on Gold's later sentence about the unveiling; the word \"monument\" is not on the heading page. The name stands alone on its line with no period after it, as printed; \"G. Ashby\" and \"G. Thompson,\" also on the list, are not used here. The NORTH and OTHER COMMANDS headings are on p. 315 (see C1389) and the dedication heading on p. 314 (see C1388). Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 200 dpi render of the stated PDF page of the hosted copy), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1403", "text": "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 29 (1921), printed p. 74, in the Virginia War History Commission's Supplement No. 1 list for Clarke County, prints, under \"Sec. III—Virginia Churches in War Time,\" the item \"Cunning [sic] Chapel Parish; Questionnaire.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a title in a 1921 list of collected material, a finding aid, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1403-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That a list printed in 1921 reports an item with this title and kind for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The Virginia Magazine list is a finding aid: it prints a title, the kind of item, sometimes a page count and an author, and nothing of what the item says or where it is kept. No claim here says what the questionnaire or report says. The first word is printed \"Cunning\" and the list marks it [sic]; probably a misprint for Cunningham, but the page alone does not say so. No author and no page count are printed for this item. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1404", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 61, in the part of chapter VIII that is Capt. Wm. N. Nelson's address, says \"There is no record of the exact time the old log house (known as Cunningham Chapel) was built.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of an 1897 address, no vestry record seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1404-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text calls the old log house \"Cunningham Chapel\" and says no record of the time it was built is known.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. The sentence is a description, not a record of a vestry act; the crop begins with the tail of a sentence (\"properly applied.\") and ends mid-sentence at \"Bishop Meade,\" which continues on p. 62 (not read). \"Cunningham Chapel\" here is the name of the old log house; Gold's chapter heading is \"Old Chapel and Millwood,\" and his later sentences (p. 66) set the log house apart from the present stone chapel, so Cunningham Chapel is not shown to be the Old Chapel building. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1405", "text": "Gold's 1914 history says on printed p. 65 \"It was in 1866 that the name of Cunningham Chapel parish was adopted for this parish\" and \"This is clearly a mis-\"; on p. 66 it completes: \"nomer. That had never been the name, as is stated in vestry book for the year 1866,\" and adds \"This parish has never been so cut off, and remains what is left of the original Frederick parish.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of an 1897 address; the name is reported and disputed in the same passage", "evidence_ids": [ "E1405-1", "E1405-2", "E1405-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text reports that the name \"Cunningham Chapel parish\" was adopted in 1866 for the parish and then calls it a misnomer that had never been the name, and says the parish remains what is left of the original Frederick parish.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. The adoption is reported second-hand (the page cites Dashiell's Digest of the Councils, not held here) and then disputed by the speaker himself, so the page is not a parish record. The sentence \"This is clearly a mis-\" runs across two printed pages (p. 65, p. 66); neither half is the whole sentence. Bishop Meade, on the other hand, says the parish about Millwood has been carved out of old Frederick parish (see the Christ Church page); both are printed and neither is a record. The name is attested in the 1906 Old Chapel book (see C1409) and in the 1921 list (see C1403) and was disputed by the parish's own historian. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1406", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 66, says that the vestry of Frederick in 1787 adopted measures for building a stone chapel and, in the words of the page, \"where Cunningham Chapel stood. The land having come into the possession of Col. Nathaniel Burwell the same two acres for a church burying ground, which were offered by Col. Hugh Nelson before the war, were given by Colonel Burwell, and the present stone chapel ordered to be built in 1790,\" and that \"The old log building, which has been spoken of, stood a few paces south of the present building, near the north corner of the stone enclosure nearest this house.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of an 1897 address following Meade, no vestry record seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E1406-1", "E1406-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text, following Meade, puts the planned stone chapel where Cunningham Chapel stood and says the old log building stood a few paces south of the present stone chapel.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. Gold is quoting or following Meade (page 288, Volume II), so Gold and Meade are one witness for the 1787 plan (see C1408). The quoted phrase \"the building of a stone chapel\" is the page's own wording. The speaker's reading of the vestry book (pages 68 and 172) is not held here. \"The present building\" is the stone Old Chapel; Cunningham Chapel and the stone chapel are named as two buildings. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1407", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 67, lists the members of the vestry reported present on \"the 25th of September, 1803\" (Richard Kidder Meade, Nathaniel Burwell, Thomas T. Byrd, John Page, Robert Page, Robert Carter Burwell, John Smith and Philip Nelson) and says \"we may fairly assume that this was a vestry for Cunningham Chapel, distinct from any other church or chapel.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: the speaker's inference in Gold's 1914 account, not a recorded vestry act", "evidence_ids": [ "E1407-1", "E1407-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text infers, from where the vestrymen lived, that the vestry of September 25, 1803 was a vestry for Cunningham Chapel.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. The inference (\"we may fairly assume\") is the speaker's; the vestry names are his reading of a vestry book that is not held here. The page uses \"Cunningham Chapel\" for the neighbourhood congregation that met at the Old Chapel and \"the Old Chapel\" for the stone building; it does not say that the log house and the congregation are the same thing. The first words of the page (\"He says\") refer to Bishop Meade on p. 66. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1408", "text": "Bishop Meade's Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, vol. II, on printed p. 288, says of the vestry of Frederick after its reorganization in 1787 that it adopted measures for a stone chapel \"where that called Cunningham's Chapel stood. The land having now come into possession of Colonel Nathaniel Burwell, the same two acres for a church and burying-ground, which were offered by Colonel Hugh Nelson before the war, were now given by Colonel Burwell,\" and \"the present stone chapel ordered to be built in 1790.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Bishop Meade's own account, no deed or vestry book seen, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1408-1", "E1408-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That Meade prints a plan of 1787 for a stone chapel where \"that called Cunningham's Chapel\" stood and an order of 1790 for the present stone chapel on land given by Colonel Burwell.", "limitations": "Meade writes \"Cunningham's\" with the possessive and is the source that Gold follows, so Gold and Meade are one witness for this passage (see C1406). A first-hand statement by the bishop who served there, with no deed or vestry book image. The crop runs to the foot of the page and includes the sentence on the 1834 larger church near Millwood, which breaks off on p. 289 and is not used here. The page, in the project's hosted copy, is printed p. 288 (PDF p. 302); Gold cites the same passage as \"page 288, Volume II.\" The excerpt shown is the single stretch quoted; the rest of the page, which also tells of the churches at Wickliffe and Berryville, is not used by this claim. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1409", "text": "The 1906 book \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia, in its cemetery record on printed p. 64, has the entry \"REV. JOSEPH RAVENSCROFT JONES. Born June 11, 1828. For thirty years a minister of the Episcopal Church in Virginia, and Rector of Cunningham Chapel Parish from 1858 to 1881.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an entry in a 1906 cemetery record, a compilation and not a parish register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1409-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "That the 1906 book prints \"Cunningham Chapel Parish\" as a parish with a rector for 1858 to 1881.", "limitations": "The cemetery record is a compilation of names and dates by its compilers, not a parish register. Gold's p. 64 (see the Christ Church page) gives the same years for the Rev. Joseph R. Jones as rector of \"the parish\" (called August 9, 1858, resignation accepted April 18, 1881), so two printed statements agree on the dates; Gold does not use the name Cunningham Chapel Parish in his list of rectors. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1410", "text": "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 29 (1921), printed p. 74, in the Virginia War History Commission's Supplement No. 1 list for Clarke County, prints in the commission's third section (churches in war time) the item \"Millwood Prot. Epis. Church; Quest.; by B. D. Chambers.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a title in a 1921 list of collected material, a finding aid, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1410-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That a list printed in 1921 reports an item of this title, a questionnaire by B. D. Chambers, for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The Virginia Magazine list is a finding aid: it prints a title, the kind of item, sometimes a page count and an author, and nothing of what the item says or where it is kept. No claim here says what the questionnaire or report says. No page count is printed for this item. That the \"Millwood Prot. Epis. Church\" is Christ Church, Millwood rests on Gold's naming of Christ Church as the Episcopal church at Millwood and on the name of the author, who the Courier's text (not seen as an image here) calls rector of Christ Church; it is Likely, not Confirmed, and a page must not say the 1921 questionnaire \"is\" this church. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1411", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 64, in the list of rectors from the Nelson address, says of Bishop Meade \"He gave up the charge of this church a year after Christ Church, Millwood, was built. In 1835 the vestry called the Rev. Horace Stringfellow\"; \"On the 9th of August, 1858, Rev. Joseph R. Jones accepted a call by the vestry to the Rectorship of the parish. He continued in charge until April 18th, 1881, when his resignation was tendered to the vestry and accepted\"; and \"Our present Rector, Rev. C. B. Bryan, having accepted a call to this parish preached his first sermon here on the first Sunday in August, 1881.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the rectors of \"the parish,\" 1835 to 1881", "evidence_ids": [ "E1411-1", "E1411-2", "E1411-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text lists the rectors of the parish from 1835 to the Rev. C. B. Bryan in 1881 and says Bishop Meade gave up the charge a year after Christ Church, Millwood, was built.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. The dates are the speaker's reading of the vestry minutes. The crop begins mid-sentence (\"minister at the Old Chapel for twenty-five years\"), and \"He\" in the first sentence is Bishop Meade, who is named on p. 63 and not in this crop. The page does not say in so many words that the rectors served at Christ Church after 1834, only that the parish list runs on. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1412", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 67, says \"Christ Church, Millwood, was built in the year 1834. The lot of two acres on which it stands was given for the purpose of building the church by Mr. George Burwell, of Carter Hall,\" and quotes an 1832 vestry minute: \"About this time the connection ceased between the Millwood—or Old Chapel—congregation and the Berryville and Wickliffe congregations.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of an 1897 address, no deed or vestry book seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E1412-1", "E1412-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says Christ Church, Millwood, was built in 1834 on a two-acre lot given by George Burwell of Carter Hall, and quotes an 1832 vestry minute on the Millwood congregation separating from Berryville and Wickliffe.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. The date and the gift are the speaker's, from the vestry book and (implicitly) the deed; neither is held here. The last sentence of the crop, about the deed, continues on p. 68 (see C1413). The dash spacing in the minute is as printed. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1413", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 68, says the deed for the lot \"is dated April 18, 1832,\" quotes Bishop Meade as saying \"In the year 1834 it was found that the Old Chapel was too small and inconvenient for the increasing congregation, and it was therefore determined to erect another and larger one in a more central and convenient place in the vicinity of Millwood, on ground given by Mr. George Burwell, of Carter Hall,\" and says \"After the removal of the congregation to Christ Church, Millwood, the history of the 'Old Chapel' is little more than a record of those who, from time to time, have gone over to the great majority.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, quoting Meade in shortened form", "evidence_ids": [ "E1413-1", "E1413-2", "E1413-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text gives the deed date, reports Meade on the decision of 1834 to build a larger church near Millwood, and says the congregation removed to Christ Church, Millwood.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. Capt. William N. Nelson's historical address of 1897 (as Gold prints it) and the 1906 Old Chapel book print the same text, so they are one witness, not two. Nelson reads a vestry book that is not held here. Gold's quotation of Meade is shorter and worded differently from Meade's own text on pp. 288-289 (it reads \"the Old Chapel\" where Meade has \"the old chapel,\" and ends at \"graveyard\" where Meade continues), so it is read as Gold's version. Meade's own text does not name Christ Church; that the new church is Christ Church comes from Nelson's sentence on the removal of the congregation. The crop begins with the tail of the deed sentence from p. 67 (\"trustees of the church\"), and the closing quotation mark on the crop's last line has no opening mark in the crop. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1414", "text": "The 1906 book \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia, on printed p. 51, in an entry whose name is on the previous page, says \"He gave the land upon which Christ Church, Millwood, now stands, and contributed largely to all good objects within the Parish and out of it\" and ends \"His death took place at 'Carter Hall' on October 5, 1873.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an entry in a 1906 cemetery record, a compilation and not a register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1414-1", "E1414-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the 1906 book says the man of this entry gave the land on which Christ Church, Millwood, now stands.", "limitations": "The crop begins mid-entry and the page does not name the man: his name is on the previous printed page (p. 50), which was not read here. That he is George Burwell of Carter Hall rests on Gold's p. 67 sentence (see C1412), which names Mr. George Burwell of Carter Hall as the donor of the lot, and on the place name \"Carter Hall.\" The entry also describes his gifts and his wartime losses; only the sentence on the gift of land and the closing sentence are used. The cemetery record is a compilation, not a register. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1415", "text": "The 1906 book \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia, in its cemetery record on printed p. 60, has an entry that reads \"ISABEL STEWART BRYAN, infant of Rev. C. Braxton and Mary S. C. Bryan. Born June 18, 1888. Died at Christ Church Rectory, Millwood, December 18, 1888.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: an entry in a 1906 cemetery record, a compilation and not a register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1415-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That the 1906 book places a \"Christ Church Rectory, Millwood\" in December 1888, with the child's father named as Rev. C. Braxton Bryan.", "limitations": "The entry dates the rectory, not the church, and is a compiled record, not a parish register. \"Rev. C. Braxton ... Bryan\" is taken to be the \"Rev. C. B. Bryan\" who, per Gold's p. 64 (see C1411), took charge of the parish in August 1881; that is Likely from the initials and the surname. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1416", "text": "Bishop Meade's Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, vol. II, on printed p. 134, says of a set of communion vessels \"The vessels are now used in the congregation and church at Millwood, in Clarke county, and the condition of their loan is recorded in the vestry-book of the parish,\" and says \"The following inscription will also show that its date and use were far anterior to the establishment of old Frederick parish, out of which the parish about Millwood has been carved.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Bishop Meade's own account, written before 1857, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1416-1", "E1416-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood" ], "establishes": "That Meade says the communion vessels of the Wycomico church are used at \"the congregation and church at Millwood, in Clarke county,\" and that the parish about Millwood has been carved out of old Frederick parish.", "limitations": "Meade does not call it Christ Church in this passage. His statement that the Millwood parish was carved out of old Frederick parish conflicts with Nelson's (Gold p. 66, see C1405), who says the Millwood parish \"has never been so cut off\"; both are printed, neither is a record, and they are not merged here. The crop holds only the tail of the paragraph (it begins \"of Ditchley, was near enough to attend Wycomico\"); the donor's name is on p. 133. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1417", "text": "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 29 (1921), printed p. 74, in the Virginia War History Commission's Supplement No. 1 list for Clarke County, prints in the commission's third section (churches in war time) the item \"Berryville M. E. Church; Report; 3 pp.; by W. H. Ballinger.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a title in a 1921 list of collected material, a finding aid, chain stops", "evidence_ids": [ "E1417-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "That a list printed in 1921 reports an item of this title, a three-page report by W. H. Ballinger, for Clarke County.", "limitations": "The Virginia Magazine list is a finding aid: it prints a title, the kind of item, sometimes a page count and an author, and nothing of what the item says or where it is kept. No claim here says what the questionnaire or report says. \"M. E.\" is Methodist Episcopal, and Gold shows the 1865 division of the Baltimore Conference into North and South, so the list's \"M. E.\" may be either; the page prints no \"South,\" and no Northern congregation at Berryville is shown in the held text. The author is printed Ballinger; Courier text that is not held as an image names a Rev. W. H. Ballengee, so the spelling is open. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1418", "text": "Gold's 1914 history opens chapter IX, \"THE METHODIST DENOMINATION,\" on printed p. 72 by saying the denomination \"in the County of Clarke owes its foundation to Rev. Mr. Gaver,\" that \"For some years the early Methodists preached in the old Academy. The writer has been unable to discover when their first building was erected, probably between 1840 and 1850,\" and that \"During the years prior to the war, the church in Berryville was quite strong and had many fine preachers to fill its pulpits.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the Methodist denomination in Clarke County", "evidence_ids": [ "E1418-1", "E1418-2", "E1418-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text describes early Methodist preaching in Clarke, then the old Academy, a first building at Berryville not dated (\"probably between 1840 and 1850\"), and a strong church in Berryville before the war.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The first-building date is Gold's guess, not a record. The page never prints \"M. E.,\" \"Episcopal\" or \"South.\" The heading is printed with a period after \"CHAPTER IX\" and none after \"THE METHODIST DENOMINATION\"; the opening \"THE\" is a drop capital. The last word of the crop is split (\"denomi-\") and continues on p. 73. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1419", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 73, says \"Some years ago the congregation at Berryville built a new and handsome church at which they have preaching every Sunday,\" and, of the war, \"The Baltimore Conference, to which this charge belonged, was divided by the war into North and South. At the close of the War the church here had as its pastor the Rev. Wm. Hedges, a godly man and able minister.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the Berryville Methodist congregation", "evidence_ids": [ "E1419-1", "E1419-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says the Berryville congregation built a new church some years before 1914 and that the Baltimore Conference, to which the charge belonged, was divided by the war, with the Rev. Wm. Hedges as pastor at its close.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The new church is undated and no site is given for either building. The first words of the page (\"nation\") complete \"denomi-\" from p. 72, and the last sentence of the crop (\"One Sunday night the conflict came on in the Berryville\") continues on p. 74 (see C1420). \"South\" occurs on the page only in the narrative, never as a church name. The page says the Northern Conference claimed the churches; it ties this congregation to the Southern side only by the end of the story. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1420", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 74, completes its account of the Hedges and Lanahan dispute: \"Church. Mr. Hedges and Mr. Lanahan were both in the pulpit, both ready to preach,\" and ends the Methodist account with \"The matter was later worked out in the Courts and our people kept their church.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, undated within the 1860s, no court record cited", "evidence_ids": [ "E1420-1", "E1420-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says the Hedges and Lanahan contest at the Berryville church was later worked out in the courts and \"our people kept their church.\"", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The court outcome is Gold's statement only; no court record is cited or held here. The crop begins with the tail of a sentence from p. 73 (\"Church.\"). \"Our people\" are the Rev. Hedges's congregation, the Southern side; the page does not name the church as \"M. E. Church, South,\" and that is why the tie to the 1921 list's \"M. E.\" stays Likely. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1421", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 70 under the heading \"BERRYVILLE EPISCOPAL,\" says \"The Berryville congregation had been worshiping in the old stone academy in the village, but under Mr. Rice's rectorship a church building was completed,\" that \"The intention of the people, was at first to make the building a union church, but by the advice of Bishop Meade, it was erected for the sole use of the Episcopalians,\" and that \"in 1848 Grace Church, in Berry-\" (completed on p. 71: \"ville, was improved by the addition of galleries, and otherwise repaired and enlarged, at an expense of $800.\")", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the Berryville Episcopal parish", "evidence_ids": [ "E1421-1", "E1421-2", "E1421-3", "E1421-4", "E1421-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text describes a church building completed under Rev. Jared Rice for Episcopalians only, and says Grace Church in Berryville was improved in 1848.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The date of the first church is not given (Rev. William M. Jackson took charge in 1832, after Mr. Rice). The name \"Grace Church\" appears once, at the foot of the page, for the Berryville church in 1848; the final word is split (\"Berry-,\" \"ville\" on p. 71). The misprint \"succedeed\" earlier on the page is kept as printed in the crop and is not quoted here. Bishop Meade's page 288 tells the same story of the Berryville church, built on ground given by Mr. John Taylor after an attempt at a union church: a second printed account of the same beginning, not used here. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1422", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 71, says \"In 1854 Mr. Whittle urged the Berryville people to erect a new church, and his efforts resulted in the present edifice. Work on the new building was commenced in 1856 and completed in August, 1857,\" that \"It was consecrated on August 29, by Bishop Meade, the sermon being preached by Rev. R. T. Davis, of Martinsburg,\" that \"Mr. Suter was here during the trying period of the war, and through his instrumentality the church several times was saved from being burned by the Federal army,\" and that \"In 1883 the church was renovated, and enlarged by the addition of a transept, at an expense of $4,000.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the Berryville Episcopal parish", "evidence_ids": [ "E1422-1", "E1422-2", "E1422-3", "E1422-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says the new Berryville church was begun in 1856, completed in August 1857, consecrated on August 29 by Bishop Meade and enlarged in 1883, and that it was several times saved from being burned in the war.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The wartime near-burning is Gold's statement, not an Army record. The page never says \"Grace\"; it says \"the present edifice,\" \"the church\" and \"the parish,\" and the name is on p. 70 (see C1421); the page prints \"August 29\" with no year (1857 is from \"completed in August, 1857\" in the same paragraph). The crop begins with \"ville,\" completing \"Berry-\" from p. 70. A stray speck after \"church,\" in the 1854 sentence is not a character. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1423", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 74 under the heading \"THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BERRYVILLE,\" says the church \"Was organized by a commission of the Winchester Presbytery, June 10th, 1854. There were only eleven members at the organization.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, no presbytery record seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E1423-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-presbyterian-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says the Presbyterian church at Berryville was organized on June 10, 1854 by a commission of the Winchester Presbytery, with eleven members.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. No presbytery record is held here. The heading is printed without a period. The crop ends mid-sentence (\"The\"), continued on p. 75 (see C1424). The same paragraph says that early preaching for the Presbyterians was \"sometimes in the Methodist and sometimes in the Baptist churches\"; that sentence is not used here. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1424", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 75, says of the Berryville Presbyterian church \"Rev. Chas. White was the first pastor, by his efforts the church building was not injured by the U. S. troops during the war. He remained as pastor until 1875,\" and ends the account with \"The Berryville, Stone's Chapel and Clearbrook churches unite in supporting a pastor.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account, no church record seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E1424-1", "E1424-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-presbyterian-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text names Rev. Chas. White as first pastor until 1875, says the church building was not injured by U. S. troops in the war, and says three churches unite in supporting a pastor.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The page begins mid-sentence (\"church was built largely through the labors of Rev. Mr. Baber\"), continuing p. 74, and the same page carries the paragraph on Stone's Chapel (see the Stone's Chapel page). A pastor shared by three churches is a shared pastor, not a merger. The faint apostrophe in \"Germans\" in the same page is bracketed in the image reading and not used here. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1425", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 75, says \"At Stone's Chapel, about six miles from Berryville, is another Presbyterian church, served by the same pastor. Stone's Chapel was named it is supposed for the man who gave the land upon which it is built,\" that \"It was built for the use of the Lutheran and Presbyterian denominations and is still so held, but the Lutheran's who many years ago predominated, have almost disappeared,\" that \"The first building at Stone's was one among the first church buildings ever put up in the county, dating back to before the Revolutionary War, or immediately after, as there is record of preaching there in 1786,\" and that \"The present building is probably the third to be built.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account; the date and the count of buildings are his, with \"supposed\" and \"probably\"", "evidence_ids": [ "E1425-1", "E1425-2", "E1425-3", "E1425-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "stones-chapel-church" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text describes Stone's Chapel, about six miles from Berryville, as a Presbyterian church built for Lutherans and Presbyterians, with preaching there in 1786, and the present building probably the third.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The 1786 date is Gold's, from a record he does not cite; \"supposed\" and \"probably\" are his words. The naming after the donor of the land is a supposition. The register's other names for the church and any survey record are not on this page, so no alias is claimed. The page begins mid-sentence from p. 74 and carries the Berryville Presbyterian account (see C1424); the Stone's Chapel paragraph itself is complete. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1426", "text": "Gold's 1914 history, on printed p. 78 under the heading \"BETHEL BAPTIST,\" says \"Bethel Church was organized in the year 1808, with 13 members, most of them from the 'Buck Marsh' church, Berryville,\" that \"In 1833 the present brick building was erected;\" and, in the next entry, \"MILLWOOD Was organized in 1888 by members of Bethel Church.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: Gold's 1914 account of the Baptist congregations, no church record seen", "evidence_ids": [ "E1426-1", "E1426-2", "E1426-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "bethel-baptist-white-post" ], "establishes": "That Gold's text says Bethel Baptist was organized in 1808 mostly from the Buck Marsh church at Berryville, built a brick building in 1833, and that a Baptist church at Millwood was organized in 1888 by members of Bethel.", "limitations": "Gold's 1914 history is a retrospective county history; for this chapter the church histories were written by local contributors, and no vestry book, deed or register was read here. The page prints no place for Bethel, so its location is not established by this page. \"Bethel Church,\" \"Bethel Baptist\" and \"Old Bethel\" are used for one congregation within the page. The Baptist church at \"MILLWOOD\" is a different body from Christ Church, Millwood. The crop begins with the tail of another church's entry (not Bethel's) and ends mid-sentence in the Salem entry, which is not used. Each cited passage was read twice, the second time independently: first as a rendered page image of a digital reproduction (a 300 dpi render of the stated PDF page), then on a cropped image of the same page. Both readings support the claim; neither was of the paper itself. The crop is held privately and is not shown on this site. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-07", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1427", "text": "A compiled service record in NARA M324 (Fold3 file id 7948999) for \"J. Lewis Ashby\" shows him a private of Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry -- Moore's and Allen's own company -- re-enlisted July 18, 1862 at Richmond by Capt. Richards, the same officer who signed Moore's horse-claim voucher; marked absent, detached to the Signal Corps, on the Dec. 1862 regimental return; and issued clothing with the company again on May 19, 1864, three weeks before the June 11, 1864 action at Trevilian Station.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a War Department compiled service record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1427-1", "E1427-2", "E1427-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "A documented Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry service record for a man named \"J. Lewis Ashby\": enlistment under the same officers as Moore and Allen, a Signal Corps detachment through at least the end of 1862, and his return to the company by May 1864.", "limitations": "None of the three cards cited here gives a full first name; each gives only \"J. Lewis\" or \"J. L.\" The card does not by itself say he was present at, wounded at, or killed at Trevilian Station on June 11, 1864 -- only that he was issued clothing with the company three weeks before that date; all twenty-three cards of the file have now been read (October 10, 2026), and none is a casualty, parole or discharge card; the file ends with this May 1864 clothing receipt. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts of musters and returns, not the original rolls. Read once, at 2.2-3x render resolution, directly from the downloaded Fold3 scan; not independently re-read a second time. No human historian has reviewed this claim. For the question of whether this \"J. Lewis Ashby\" is the James L. Ashby of the VMI Memorial (see C1428 and R168), the entity link below is to James L. Ashby on the strength of C1428's signature evidence, not of this card alone.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1428", "text": "In the same compiled service record, the soldier signs a November 1861 ration-commutation voucher in his own hand \"Jas Louis Ashby\", and a separate 1863 Confederate-States voucher for Signal Corps extra-service pay \"Lewis Ashby\" -- the full given name \"James\" (as \"Jas\") and the name \"Lewis\" both written by the same man, in his own signature, in the same CSR file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the soldier's own signature, twice, in a War Department compiled service record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1428-1", "E1428-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the man this file calls \"J. Lewis Ashby\" signed his own name, on different occasions, both as \"Jas[James] Louis Ashby\" and as \"Lewis Ashby\" -- direct documentary evidence that \"James L.\" (the form in the VMI Memorial's sketch of James L. Ashby) and \"Lewis\" (the form Gold prints for the man killed at Trevilian Station) could be one and the same man using two forms of his own name.", "limitations": "This establishes only that one man of Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry used both name forms himself; it does not by itself establish that THIS man is the one the VMI Memorial calls James L. Ashby or the one Gold's roll calls Lewis Ashby, since no record read here names both the VMI sketch's or Gold's own facts (birth date, parents, place, or the Trevilian Station death) alongside either signature. The two signatures are read as \"Jas Louis Ashby\" and \"Lewis Ashby\"; the middle/second name could also be read \"Lewis\" in the first signature (the two readings look alike in this hand) -- either reading still carries a plain \"Jas\" for James. Read once, at 2.2-3x render resolution, directly from the downloaded Fold3 scan; not independently re-read a second time. No human historian has reviewed this claim. A closer look at the 1863 voucher at full resolution (October 10, 2026) shows a single long stroke before \"Lewis Ashby\"; it may be an initial \"J\" or a stray pen stroke, so the signature may read \"J Lewis Ashby\". Either way the soldier wrote \"Lewis\" as his own form of the name. A January 1864 forage requisition in the same file (C1429) carries \"Lewis Ashby\" and \"Jas L Ashby\" on one sheet.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Sonnet 5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-08", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1429", "text": "In the same compiled service record (Fold3 file id 7948999), a Confederate requisition for forage for one public horse for January 1864, at Harrisonburg Hospital, is made out \"in the service of Lewis Ashby, Company D, 6th Regiment of Va Cavy\" and is signed twice, at the certificate and at the receipt, \"Jas L Ashby Co D 6th Regt\". The forage, 372 pounds of corn and 434 pounds of hay, was received at Harrisonburg on January 1, 1864.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: one original voucher in a War Department compiled service record carrying both forms of the name", "evidence_ids": [ "E1429-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "One document, of one date, in which \"Lewis Ashby\" in the body and \"Jas L Ashby\" in the signature are the same Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry soldier.", "limitations": "The name in the body appears to be in the same hand as the signatures, so the sheet shows the soldier writing his name both ways, not a clerk matching two names. It names none of the VMI Memorial's facts (birth, parents) and says nothing of Gold's Trevilian Station death, so the identity link between James L. Ashby and Lewis Ashby stays Likely. The document does not explain \"Harrisonburg Hospital\" on its place line. This is an original voucher kept in the file, not one of the War Department's abstract cards. Read from the downloaded Fold3 scan at full resolution; no human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1430", "text": "A compiled service record in NARA M324 (Fold3 file id 8916666), filed as \"Ashby, John W.\" for Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, shows a sergeant of that company, first sergeant by late 1863, enrolled April 25, 1862 at Conrad's Store by T. B. Massie. He was captured at Poolesville, Maryland, on September 8, 1862, the date his bright bay horse was recorded killed in action near Poolesville; paroled for exchange at Aiken's Landing on September 27 and declared exchanged there on November 10, 1862; and recorded present with the company on every muster from September-October 1863 to April 30, 1864, the last card in the file.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a War Department compiled service record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1430-1", "E1430-2", "E1430-3", "E1430-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "A documented Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry service record for a John W. Ashby: his rank, enrolment, capture in Maryland in September 1862, exchange, and presence with the company through April 1864.", "limitations": "The file names no county of birth or residence, no parents and no date of birth, and it ends with the muster dated April 30, 1864; it says nothing of April 1865. It is attached to the John W. Ashby of the VMI Memorial sketch because the sketch places him in Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, the company of this file. Two details differ: the sketch calls him a private, while these cards call him sergeant and first sergeant; and the sketch says the company was organized in Warren County, while the cards give his enrolment at Conrad's Store. The returns for September and October 1862 name him \"Wm. Ashby\"; one muster card gives the enrolment year as 1861 and the others 1862. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts, not the original rolls. Read from the downloaded Fold3 scan at full resolution; no human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-10", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1431", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 3, 1903 reported that the Decoration Day services at Old Chapel were well attended, \"one of the largest crowds ever seen there being present,\" and that Capt. R. S. Parks of Luray gave the oration.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1431-1", "E1431-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That a Decoration Day service at Old Chapel in 1903 drew what the Courier called one of its largest crowds.", "limitations": "One short report; the crowd is the paper's description and no number is given. The report does not give the day of the service.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1432", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 29, 1912 reported that the Decoration Day services at Green Hill Cemetery \"last Saturday\" were largely attended in spite of threatening weather, and that the attendance was \"possibly the largest ever registered at the annual services\" there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1432-1", "E1432-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That Decoration Day services were held at Green Hill Cemetery in May 1912, and that the Courier called them annual.", "limitations": "One short report; \"possibly the largest\" is the paper's own hedge, and no number is given.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1433", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 14, 1918 reported that Berryville rang its church bells, blew its whistles and \"celebrated generally the ending of the war last Thursday,\" on a report telephoned by the Courier's man in Washington that Germany had signed the armistice, and said that the signing \"was prematurely announced.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1433-1", "E1433-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That Berryville celebrated on the false armistice report of Thursday, November 7, 1918, as the Courier itself told it.", "limitations": "The Courier's own account of its own premature report. \"Last Thursday\" in the issue of November 14 is November 7, 1918, the day of the false report, not November 11.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1434", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 12, 1919 reported that the Patriotic Committee had fixed July 4 as the day to honor the county's returning soldiers, with a parade at 11 o'clock, \"a big old-time Virginia dinner in the court house yard\" and a \"Welcome Home\" arch over the Town Square.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1434-1", "E1434-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The plan for the July 4, 1919 welcome home, as first announced.", "limitations": "A plan, not a report of the day; the final arrangements were printed on July 3 and the day itself reported on July 10.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1435", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 3, 1919 printed \"Clarke County's Roll of Honor,\" the names \"the Local Board and the Adjutant General furnished to the Clerk of the Circuit Court to be recorded\" under a Virginia act, and told men who had served but were missing from the list to bring proof to the clerk; the list runs in two parts, the second headed \"COLORED.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1435-1", "E1435-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the county's official list of its men in the World War was recorded with the Circuit Court clerk and printed in the paper in two lists.", "limitations": "The names themselves are on the veterans roll of this site, not repeated here. The heading of the second list is read on the page image.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1436", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 3, 1919 printed the final plan for the July 4 welcome home: a parade at 11 o'clock forming near the N. & W. depot, business houses closed during the parade, and a basket picnic on the court house green; it said \"the colored veterans will march in a body in the parade,\" and that the colored people were arranging a dinner for them afterward at the Baptist Church on Liberty Street or in Josephine City.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1436-1", "E1436-2", "E1436-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "josephine-city", "liberty-street-berryville" ], "establishes": "The final plan for the welcome home, including the march of the county's Black veterans and the separate dinner arranged for them.", "limitations": "A plan printed the day before; the report of the day (July 10) does not say where the dinner for the Black veterans was held.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1437", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 10, 1919 reported that between 5,000 and 6,000 people filled Berryville on July 4 to honor the county's World War veterans, and that a vehicle draped in white carried a flag with seven gold stars, which it said \"represented the heroic sacrifice made by Maj. Lloyd Williams, Robert E. Russell, Oliver L. Smallwood, Wilmer W. Wiley, James W. Lanham and Oliver W. Ashby.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1437-1", "E1437-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "robert-edgar-russell" ], "establishes": "That the welcome home was held on July 4, 1919, with a crowd the Courier put at 5,000 to 6,000, and the names it gave for the gold stars.", "limitations": "The crowd is the paper's estimate. Seven stars and six names: the report does not explain the difference.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1438", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 6, 1919 printed a notice that the Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, would hold a meeting at Winston Hall on Tuesday, November 11, at 7:30 p.m., and asked veterans of the World War to help make \"this Armistice [d]ay meeting\" a success.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1438-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-williams-post", "winston-hall" ], "establishes": "That the Berryville Legion post called a meeting for the first anniversary of the Armistice.", "limitations": "A notice of a meeting to come; no report of the meeting is in this set.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1439", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 3, 1920 announced that Decoration Day at Old Chapel \"will be held next Saturday afternoon at 4 o'clock,\" that flowers would be strewn on the graves, and that the public was invited.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1439-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "That a Decoration Day observance at Old Chapel was announced for a Saturday afternoon in June 1920.", "limitations": "An announcement, not a report of the day.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1440", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 4, 1920 printed Gov. Westmoreland Davis's proclamation designating Thursday, November 11, 1920 a public holiday throughout Virginia, \"to be known as Armistice Day.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1440-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the Courier printed the governor's 1920 Armistice Day proclamation.", "limitations": "The proclamation as the paper printed it; the original proclamation was not read.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1441", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 21, 1925 reported that crosses secured by Stonewall Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, to mark the graves of the Confederate veterans in Green Hill Cemetery were being placed, with the chapter's exercises set for Memorial Day, May 30; on the same page the Ladies' Cemetery Committee's order of services for Memorial Day at Green Hill gave the time as \"Fourth Saturday in May, 3 p. m.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1441-1", "E1441-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville" ], "establishes": "That two Memorial Day observances at Green Hill were announced for 1925, the UDC chapter's on May 30 and the Ladies' Cemetery Committee's on the fourth Saturday in May.", "limitations": "The two observances appear on one page; the item does not say how they related to each other.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1442", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 12, 1925 reported that the parade postponed from the Fall Festival was held on the night of Armistice Day, led by former Post Commander J. F. Spates of the American Legion and followed by the Citizens Band of Winchester, the National Guard and the Legion, with floats and decorated cars behind.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1442-1", "E1442-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Berryville's 1925 Armistice Day evening was given over to a parade, the Fall Festival's postponed one.", "limitations": "The parade was the Fall Festival's, moved to Armistice night; the report does not say why it was postponed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1443", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 19, 1927 described the Confederate memorial services at Green Hill Cemetery as \"held the fourth Saturday in May each year,\" set them for 3 p.m. on Saturday, May 28, put the annual Decoration Day at Old Chapel at 4 p.m. the same day, and said National Memorial Day would be observed on Monday, May 30.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1443-1", "E1443-2", "E1443-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "The Courier's own statement, in 1927, of the Memorial Day calendar: the fourth Saturday in May at Green Hill and Old Chapel, and May 30.", "limitations": "\"Each year\" is the paper's statement; this set does not have an item for every year.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1444", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1927 reported that the American Legion and its Auxiliary had their \"big days\" with an Armistice Day bazaar and a parade, and an impromptu dance at the Battletown Inn.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1444-1", "E1444-2", "E1444-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "battletown-inn" ], "establishes": "That the Legion and Auxiliary held an Armistice Day bazaar, parade and dance in Berryville in 1927.", "limitations": "The report gives the days as \"last Thursday and Friday\"; the headline puts the parade on Friday.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1445", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 13, 1930 reported that on Armistice Day, at the request of the Lloyd Williams Post, every bell in town was rung for five minutes just before eleven o'clock, business stopped and cars halted for two minutes of silence, and that the Post and its Auxiliary joined the School League in a program at the High School.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1445-1", "E1445-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-williams-post", "berryville" ], "establishes": "How Berryville kept Armistice Day in 1930, under the Legion post's direction.", "limitations": "The paper says \"all\" bells and businesses; it is the paper's account, not a count.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1446", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1932 reported Memorial Day exercises at Green Hill Cemetery held by the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, its Auxiliary and a detachment of the Headquarters Company, 91st Infantry Brigade, at which the graves of all soldiers were decorated with flags and flowers; it said soldiers of the Civil War, the Spanish American War and the World War are buried there.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1446-1", "E1446-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "That the Legion's 1932 Memorial Day at Green Hill honored the soldiers of three wars buried there.", "limitations": "The report dates the exercises only as \"Monday\"; one word in its opening sentence is damaged on the page.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1447", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 27, 1932 announced that the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, would present a flag to the Elementary School on Armistice Day, November 11, at 3:30 p.m.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1447-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "That the Auxiliary planned a flag presentation to the school for Armistice Day, 1932.", "limitations": "An announcement; no report of the presentation is in this set.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1448", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 6, 1935 reported that Col. B. M. Roszel, superintendent of the Shenandoah Valley Academy at Winchester, gave the Memorial Day address in tribute to the Confederate soldiers at the annual exercises at Old Chapel.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1448-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "old-chapel-opequon" ], "establishes": "That Old Chapel held a Confederate Memorial Day observance in 1935, which the Courier called annual.", "limitations": "The report dates the address only as \"last Sunday.\"", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1449", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 4, 1936 reported that the county \"turned out\" for Memorial Day exercises at Green Hill Cemetery sponsored by the Lloyd Williams Post and the Woman's Auxiliary, and that Legion members, Boy Scouts and a detachment of the Berryville National Guard company were carried to the cemetery in automobiles and army trucks.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1449-1", "E1449-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "How the 1936 Memorial Day at Green Hill was organized and who marched in it.", "limitations": "\"Turned out\" is the paper's phrase; no number is given.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1450", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 17, 1938 said Berryville marked the twentieth anniversary of the Armistice \"quietly,\" with the streets nearly deserted, stores, banks and the post office closed and American flags out in front of the stores, in contrast with the bells of November 11, 1918.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1450-1", "E1450-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Armistice Day 1938 was a closed, quiet holiday in Berryville, as the Courier described it.", "limitations": "The Courier's description; it names only the drug stores and filling stations as open.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1451", "text": "In an editorial headed \"Armistice Day, 1941,\" the Clarke Courier of November 6, 1941 wrote that the armistice ended the fighting in the first World War, \"but the peace laid the foundations for No. 2.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the newspaper's own editorial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1451-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "How the Courier's editorial page saw Armistice Day a month before Pearl Harbor.", "limitations": "The paper's opinion, quoted as its opinion.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1452", "text": "A Clarke Courier editorial of November 5, 1942, headed \"Armistice Day,\" recalled that on November 11, 1918 the county \"rang its church bells, blew its whistles and celebrated generally the ending of the war.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the newspaper's own editorial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1452-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the Courier remembered 1918 in its wartime Armistice editorial.", "limitations": "The paper's own recollection.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1453", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 3, 1943 reported Memorial Day exercises at Green Hill Cemetery on a Sunday afternoon, with several hundred people sheltering under trees from intermittent rain, and said the gasoline ban did not keep people away, as most of the spectators walked the short distance from Berryville.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1453-1", "E1453-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the wartime Memorial Day of 1943 at Green Hill was held in the rain and attended on foot.", "limitations": "\"Several hundred\" is the paper's estimate.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1454", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 4, 1943 announced that Clarke would have another Blood Donor Clinic on Thursday, November 11, Armistice Day, the fourth visit of the mobile unit to the county, and that 200 people were needed to give a pint of blood.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1454-1", "E1454-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That Armistice Day 1943 was set aside in Clarke for a blood donor clinic.", "limitations": "An announcement; the report of the clinic is not in this set.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1455", "text": "A Clarke Courier editorial of November 15, 1945 praised \"the Victory Loan rally and Armistice Day parade and program which took place in Berryville last Sunday.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the newspaper's own editorial", "evidence_ids": [ "E1455-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "That Berryville held a Victory Loan rally with an Armistice Day parade on Sunday, November 11, 1945.", "limitations": "An editorial; \"last Sunday\" in the issue of Thursday, November 15 is November 11.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1456", "text": "The Clarke Courier of May 30, 1946 reported a Memorial Day program at Green Hill Cemetery, sponsored by the Lloyd Williams Post, held through a growing rain before several hundred people, and announced that the graves of the soldiers of all wars in the Old Chapel or Burwell Cemetery would be decorated with the flags under which each served on Sunday, June 2.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1456-1", "E1456-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "old-chapel-opequon", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "The first Memorial Day after the Second World War at Green Hill, and the decoration of the soldiers' graves at Old Chapel that followed.", "limitations": "The Old Chapel item is an announcement; no report of June 2 is in this set.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1457", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921 reported that more than 600 people went to Stone's Chapel, near Swimley, the Sunday before, for the unveiling of a marble tablet to Robert Edgar Russell, killed in the Meuse-Argonne drive, and printed its inscription, which says it was presented by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary newspaper report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1457-1", "E1457-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-edgar-russell", "stones-chapel-church", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "That the Legion Auxiliary's tablet to Robert Edgar Russell was unveiled at Stone's Chapel in May 1921 before a crowd the Courier put at more than 600.", "limitations": "Read from the uncorrected OCR passages already released for this issue, and shown from the released crop of the page image; the crowd is the paper's figure.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "event_occurred", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1458", "text": "The Clarke County Historical Association's Proceedings (1958), reprinting a 1948 column by Everard Kidder Meade, say the Berryville company was organized in October 1859 as the Clarke Guards, helped guard the Charles Town prison until John Brown and his men were executed, and was reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, which served the four years of the war in the Stonewall Brigade as Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a later local history, without cited sources", "evidence_ids": [ "E1458-1", "E1458-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles", "berryville" ], "establishes": "A local historian's account of how the Clarke Rifles began.", "limitations": "Written in 1948 and printed in 1958; it cites no record of the Clarke Guards. Its claim that the company \"prevented the escape of two of Brown's men\" is not checked here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1459", "text": "Meade's column says that on picket near Port Republic on Sunday morning, June 8, 1862, the company's Capt. S. J. C. Moore, warned by Henry Kerfoot of the Clarke Cavalry that Union cavalry was coming, sent Kerfoot on to warn Jackson and placed Co. I so that it held the enemy until help came.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a later local history, without cited sources", "evidence_ids": [ "E1459-1", "E1459-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "The column's account of the company at Port Republic.", "limitations": "A 1948 account; the column calls this the company's greatest service and says it may have saved Jackson himself, which is its judgment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1460", "text": "Meade's column lists the Clarke Rifles' commanders as Capt. S. C. Bowen, who resigned, Capt. S. J. C. Moore, \"twice wounded and twice promoted,\" and Capt. J. H. O'Bannon; a comrade's letter of 1905 gives the founder as Capt. S. H. Bowen.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: two accounts agree on the order of command", "evidence_ids": [ "E1460-1", "E1460-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "The company's three captains in order.", "limitations": "The column prints the first captain's initials as \"S. C.\"; the 1905 letter prints \"S. H.\" This site's roll has Strother H. Bowen as the company's first captain.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1461", "text": "A death notice the Clarke Courier reprinted in July 1905 from the Clarksburg News says John A. Blake, born in Berryville 63 years before, served in the Confederate army, and that before the war \"he was one of the party that captured John Brown,\" saw Brown hanged at Charles Town and was one of the few who guarded his coffin; he was buried at Green Hill.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice's statement", "evidence_ids": [ "E1461-1", "E1461-2", "E1461-3", "E1461-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville" ], "establishes": "That Blake's 1905 notice tied him to the capture of John Brown.", "limitations": "The notice does not name the company Blake served in, during the raid or the war; this site does not place him in the Clarke Guards or the Clarke Rifles.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1462", "text": "A comrade's letter in the Clarke Courier of August 23, 1905, signed \"G.\", written when two of the company had died \"within the last few days,\" says Jas. H. O'Bannon came to Berryville in 1859 or 1860 to work on the Clarke Journal, joined the Clarke Rifles, went with the company to Harpers Ferry on April 17, 1861, and was at Manassas and every engagement after, \"never having been wounded or taken prisoner.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a comrade's memory, forty years on", "evidence_ids": [ "E1462-1", "E1462-2", "E1462-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles", "berryville" ], "establishes": "O'Bannon's service as his comrade remembered it.", "limitations": "A letter written from memory in 1905.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1463", "text": "The same letter says O'Bannon was made lieutenant and, when Capt. S. J. C. Moore was promoted, captain of the company, and that after the war he published the Clarke Journal with D. Holmes McGuire.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a comrade's memory, forty years on", "evidence_ids": [ "E1463-1", "E1463-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "O'Bannon's rank and his later work as the comrade gave them.", "limitations": "The letter gives no dates for his promotions.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1464", "text": "The same letter says Decatur J. Shepherd was living in Indiana when the war opened, made his way \"with much difficulty\" through Kentucky and Tennessee to his native county to enlist in the Clarke Rifles, and was wounded at Kernstown and permanently disabled at Cedar Run.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a comrade's memory, forty years on", "evidence_ids": [ "E1464-1", "E1464-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "Shepherd's road to the company and his wounds as his comrade remembered them.", "limitations": "The letter does not date his journey.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1465", "text": "The letter, dated August 21, 1905 and signed \"G.\", ends: \"To us, 'Kate' Shepherd and 'Jim' O'Bannon can never die while memory lasts.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the letter as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1465-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "The comrades' names for the two men.", "limitations": "The writer is not identified beyond \"G.\".", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1466", "text": "A tribute in the Clarke Courier of February 12, 1920, signed \"B.\" of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, says John R. Shipe, who died on January 26, 1920, had been a boatman on the Shenandoah before he volunteered in Co. I, 2nd Virginia, was at the Bloody Angle, got away with John Grubbs when Johnston's Division was captured, and was with Gordon in the last charge at Petersburg.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a comrade's memory, fifty-five years on", "evidence_ids": [ "E1466-1", "E1466-2", "E1466-3", "E1466-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "Shipe's service as his comrade remembered it.", "limitations": "A tribute written from memory; its view of the war is the writer's.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1467", "text": "The 1920 tribute says Shipe and Abner Jones \"were the only ones of Co. I\" at Lee's surrender; Meade's 1948 column says \"Four survivors surrendered at Appomattox.\"", "assessment": "contested", "assessment_label": "Contested: two accounts give different numbers", "evidence_ids": [ "E1467-1", "E1467-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "That the accounts disagree on how many of the company were at Appomattox.", "limitations": "Neither account names a record; the Appomattox parole lists were not checked for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1468", "text": "The 1920 tribute says that after the war Shipe made his living as a laborer and then as a tollgate keeper until his health gave way.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a comrade's memory", "evidence_ids": [ "E1468-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles" ], "establishes": "Shipe's life after the war.", "limitations": "The tribute does not name the tollgate.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1469", "text": "The Clarke Courier of February 12, 1920 reported the death of G. William \"Uncle Bill\" Kelly, born in Clarke near Paris, once the owner of land now part of the Mt. Weather estate, who lived in a cottage on the Bluemont pike and would wave to his friends from the gate; it called him a member of Co. I, Stonewall Brigade, \"the second of that famous command to pass over\" in a few weeks, and said Thomas D. Gold had called him a \"good one.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary death notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1469-1", "E1469-2", "E1469-3", "E1469-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-rifles", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Kelly's place in the company and in the county as his notice gave it.", "limitations": "A death notice; Gold's remark is reported, not quoted from Gold's own writing.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1470", "text": "The Virginia War History Commission's 1927 history of Clarke County says the county's churches \"held special patriotic, intercessory and memorial services\" during the war.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the Commission's county history", "evidence_ids": [ "E1470-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The Commission's summary of the churches in the war.", "limitations": "A summary written after the war from the churches' reports.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1471", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 27, 1918 reported that the ladies of the Berryville Baptist Church presented it with a service flag of eight stars, for Collins Dakeman, Harry Simonds, Robert Mesmer, Walter Hardesty, Edward Berlin, Ernest Locke, Rice Levi and Malcolm Foley, received for the church by Rev. H. Parlett East; the pastor's address set forth \"some of the atrocities committed by the German people.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1471-1", "E1471-2", "E1471-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "buck-marsh-baptist-berryville", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The Baptist church's service flag and the eight men it honored.", "limitations": "The pastor's address is reported in a sentence; its claims about the war are his, as the paper reported them, and are not this site's.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1472", "text": "The Methodist church at Berryville kept Sunday, June 30, 1918 as Soldiers' Day, \"In honor of our own 13 soldier boys especially,\" the Courier notice said.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1472-1", "E1472-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "The Methodist church's Soldiers' Day and its count of its own men.", "limitations": "A notice of services to come.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1473", "text": "On a Sunday in July 1918 more than four hundred people gathered in Grace Episcopal Church in memory of Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, U.S. Marine Corps, \"the first son of Clarke county to make the supreme sacrifice,\" the Courier reported; he had been baptized in Grace Church, and the rector read a poem written for him by Rev. J. Herbert Bean, the Methodist pastor.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1473-1", "E1473-2", "E1473-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "The memorial service at Grace Church and what bound Williams to it.", "limitations": "The paper's count of the crowd.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1474", "text": "The rector's address in July 1918, as the Courier reported it, gave Williams's last words as \"Don't bother about me; take care of my men\"; the inscription on his tablet, as the Courier printed it in 1919, gives them as \"Leave Me and Go to My Men.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: two wordings of the same words", "evidence_ids": [ "E1474-1", "E1474-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "That the two Grace Church memorials give his last words differently.", "limitations": "Neither was a witness's own account; this story gives both.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1475", "text": "Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor, who came from Woodstock to Grace Church in May 1918, left for chaplain's training at Camp Zachary Taylor in August, the Courier reported; in February 1919 it reported him back from France, where he had served as a chaplain, and Grace Church planned a reception for him at the Parish House.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1475-1", "E1475-2", "E1475-3", "E1475-4", "E1475-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "Grace Church's rector in the war.", "limitations": "The Commission's history calls him \"a chaplain with the Second Corps\"; the Courier items do not name his unit.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1476", "text": "A Boyce letter in the Courier of February 13, 1919 said Capt. J. M. Robeson, once rector at White Post, Millwood and Boyce and now chaplain of the Second Division, had been wounded in France, and that on his visit home he preached at Christ Church, Millwood, at Calvary Chapel and at Emanuel Chapel in one Sunday.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1476-1", "E1476-2", "E1476-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood", "millwood" ], "establishes": "A former Clarke rector's return from the war.", "limitations": "The correspondent's report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1477", "text": "In April 1919 the Courier reported that a memorial tablet to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams, given by his family, would be placed in Grace Episcopal Church, and printed its inscription: born June 5, 1887 at Nottingham, Clarke County, and killed June 11, 1918 at Belleau Wood. The Commission's 1927 history says Grace Church held a memorial service when the tablet was unveiled.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1477-1", "E1477-2", "E1477-3", "E1477-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "The tablet in Grace Church and what it says.", "limitations": "The inscription is as the paper printed it before the unveiling; the tablet was not seen for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1478", "text": "In July 1919 Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin of \"Scaleby,\" whose sons Lieut. Kenneth N. Gilpin of the Naval Flying Corps and Capt. Donald Gilpin of the artillery had served in France, gave Christ Church, Millwood, a new altar and reredos \"as a thanksgiving offering for the safe delivery of her family from the perils of war,\" the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1478-1", "E1478-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "christ-church-millwood", "cunningham-chapel-parish" ], "establishes": "The Gilpin altar at Christ Church.", "limitations": "The letter quotes the parish's monthly; the altar was not seen for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1479", "text": "The Commission's 1927 history gives the churches' own counts: Grace Church, twenty-seven men and one woman in service; Cunningham Chapel Parish, sixteen men in the army, five in the navy, two in the marines and one in Red Cross service, of whom it names twenty-four; and the Methodist Church at Berryville, eleven men named, two in the Post Office Department and a Red Cross nurse, Miss Cora Shackleford.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the Commission's county history", "evidence_ids": [ "E1479-1", "E1479-2", "E1479-3", "E1479-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "cunningham-chapel-parish", "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "The church lists the Commission printed.", "limitations": "Lists as the rectors and pastors reported them, not service records; the parish's count of twenty-four matches the twenty-four names it gave.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1480", "text": "At home, the Commission's history says, Grace Church held a weekly procession of children through Berryville \"with flags, music and singing\"; the Millwood church bought $1,000 of Liberty Bonds and sent $2,000 to Belgian and Near East relief; and the Methodist church joined three other churches in weekly Red Cross work and sold more than $3,000 of War Savings Stamps at a rally in June 1918.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the Commission's county history", "evidence_ids": [ "E1480-1", "E1480-2", "E1480-3", "E1480-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "cunningham-chapel-parish", "berryville-methodist-church" ], "establishes": "The churches' war work at home.", "limitations": "Figures as the churches reported them.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1481", "text": "In March 1920 the Methodist church announced a service to furl \"the National and Service flags which were hung in the church auditorium at the outbreak of the World War,\" with a sermon on \"The Patriotism of Peace,\" and invited all ex-service men and the Lloyd Williams Post of the American Legion.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: as the paper reported it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1481-1", "E1481-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville-methodist-church", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "The Methodist church's plan to take its war flags down.", "limitations": "A notice of a coming service.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1482", "text": "Two years after Belleau Wood, in June 1920, members of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, named for Williams, heard a sermon by Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor in Grace Church and hung a wreath on his tablet, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1482-1", "E1482-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "The Legion post's tribute at the tablet.", "limitations": "A local news item.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1483", "text": "In July 1921 the Courier reported the plans for Williams's funeral at Berryville: his body was to lie in state in Grace Episcopal Church until the funeral, with a guard of honor from the Lloyd Williams Post.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: as the paper reported it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1483-1", "E1483-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "grace-episcopal-berryville", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "The plan for Williams's return to Grace Church.", "limitations": "Plans reported before the body arrived.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1484", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 4, 1884 reported that the survivors of Co. D, the Clarke Cavalry, met under the trees in front of Lieut. R. O. Allen's house and formed the \"Association of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry\"; 32 answered the roll.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1484-1", "E1484-2", "E1484-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "The founding of the survivors' association.", "limitations": "The report gives \"last Friday\" for the meeting, not a date.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1485", "text": "In June 1885 a committee of the survivors, with A. Moore, Jr. as chairman, appealed in the Courier for help to build a monument to the Clarke men \"who were slain in battle, or died from wounds received, or sickness contracted\" in the war.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1485-1", "E1485-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "The survivors' plan for a monument and who led it.", "limitations": "An appeal in the committee's own words; it did not yet say where the monument would stand.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1486", "text": "A guest at the 1885 reunion wrote to the Courier that it was \"possibly just a little grating\" to the old infantrymen to be \"left out in the cold\" while the cavalry raised the monument, but that the cavalry reunion was the best working association for the purpose.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a writer's view, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1486-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "That the infantry noticed being left out.", "limitations": "One writer's view.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1487", "text": "In June 1885 the survivors brought home the remains of F. P. Topper, \"a Pennsylvanian\" of the company who had fallen near Luray in 1864; the Clarke Rifles escorted them to Grace Episcopal Church to lie under guard, and the survivors, other veterans under T. D. Gold, and citizens followed the hearse to Green Hill in one of the largest processions the cemetery had seen, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1487-1", "E1487-2", "E1487-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "Topper's reburial and who carried it out.", "limitations": "The paper's words for the cause are its own, of 1885.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1488", "text": "In March 1886 the Courier reported that the Legislature had passed bills to incorporate the association and to let the county's Board of Supervisors give it ground in the court-yard square for a monument to the Confederate dead.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1488-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The legal footing for the monument.", "limitations": "A one-sentence report; the acts themselves were not read for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1489", "text": "The monument to the Confederate dead of Clarke County was unveiled on Saturday, July 21, 1900, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1489-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The date of the unveiling.", "limitations": "The report is written in the language of the day; only the date is taken from it here.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1490", "text": "At the reunion of August 22, 1888, A. Moore, Jr. read his own narrative of the company's charge at Trevilian Station, which the Courier printed.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1490-1", "E1490-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "That the reunions were where the company told its war.", "limitations": "Only the editor's note is used here, not the narrative.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1491", "text": "A guest who had been to three reunions wrote in 1891 that \"Time has left its impress upon many of these old soldiers\" and that they would \"one by one drop from the ranks,\" but that once a year the hardships of the war were \"almost forgotten in the pleasure of meeting around the festive board.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a writer's view, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1491-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "How the reunions looked to a guest.", "limitations": "One writer's view.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1492", "text": "At the reunion of 1896, the Courier reported, \"Thirty-two survivors of the gallant old company\" attended, with ex-Confederates of other commands.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1492-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "The company's number in 1896.", "limitations": "The paper's count.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1493", "text": "At the twentieth reunion, in 1903, the members stood bareheaded while \"the roll of the honored dead was called.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1493-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "That the reunions called the roll of the dead as well as the living.", "limitations": "A one-sentence report.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1494", "text": "In August 1905 only sixteen of the survivors were present, and six members had died since the reunion of the year before, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1494-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "How fast the company was dying in 1905.", "limitations": "The paper's counts.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1495", "text": "At the 34th reunion, in August 1918, four members answered the roll: J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1495-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "The last roll call this story found.", "limitations": "The report names the four who answered; others living may not have attended.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1496", "text": "James L. E. Van Meter, a Clarke farmer who served in Co. C of a Virginia cavalry regiment in Rosser's Brigade, was captured and sent to Fort Delaware, his 1920 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1496-1", "E1496-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Van Meter's capture and prison.", "limitations": "The notice names the company but not the regiment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1497", "text": "His notice tells how in 1864 Mrs. Van Meter found Bedell, a Union soldier who had lost a leg after a skirmish on the Opequon, near death in a house near their farm, where a Black man was caring for him; she told the Union general at Harpers Ferry, took Bedell into her own garret and nursed him back to health.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a story told long after, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1497-1", "E1497-2", "E1497-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Mrs. Van Meter's care of a wounded Union soldier, as her husband's notice told it.", "limitations": "Told fifty-six years later; the man who first cared for Bedell is not named, and Bedell's first name and unit are not given.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1498", "text": "As a reward, the notice says, the general had the War Department release Van Meter from prison, and the Van Meters and the Bedells visited each other for years afterward.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a story told long after, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1498-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The release, as the family's story gave it.", "limitations": "No release record was read for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1499", "text": "John C. Rutherford, color-bearer of Co. F, 52nd Virginia, was captured at Cold Harbor and held at Elmira, New York, until the war ended; his 1923 tribute retells his stories of bunking with a smallpox patient, holding his washing while it dried so no one would steal it, and trading the whiskey ration for ditch-digging for bread and meat.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a story told long after, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1499-1", "E1499-2", "E1499-3", "E1499-4", "E1499-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Rutherford's prison stories, as he told them.", "limitations": "His own stories, retold in a tribute after his death; the unit is from the same tribute.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1500", "text": "Released after twelve months, the tribute says, Rutherford made his way home; near Staunton a boatman wanted pay to carry him across a swollen river, so he waded and swam across and walked thirteen miles to his father's house before morning.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a story told long after, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1500-1", "E1500-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Rutherford's journey home, as he told it.", "limitations": "His own story, retold after his death.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1501", "text": "A. J. Berlin of White Post, of the Nelson Rifles, was taken prisoner at the Bloody Angle at Spotsylvania and held at Elmira, a comrade wrote in 1907, and endured it \"in the same quiet, uncomplaining way\" as the rest of his life.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a story told long after, as printed", "evidence_ids": [ "E1501-1", "E1501-2", "E1501-3", "E1501-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "Berlin's capture and prison.", "limitations": "A comrade's letter, written from memory.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1502", "text": "Thomas Wyndham, who joined the Clarke Cavalry in 1862 though only fifteen when the war began, was twice captured and once held five months at Fort Delaware, his 1921 notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1502-1", "E1502-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "Wyndham's captures and prison.", "limitations": "A death notice; the dates of capture are not given.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1503", "text": "Dilmon Estep, captured at Spotsylvania Court House and held to the end of the war, worked as a carpenter around the prison at Fort Delaware; in 1867 he came to Clarke, where he built barns and houses and the old white schoolhouse and hall at Millwood, his 1918 notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1503-1", "E1503-2", "E1503-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood", "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Estep's prison work and his building in Clarke.", "limitations": "A death notice; the buildings were not identified on the ground for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1504", "text": "William A. Riely of the Clarke Cavalry \"languished in a Federal prison for 15 months,\" his 1905 notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1504-1", "E1504-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "Riely's prison term.", "limitations": "The notice does not name the prison.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1505", "text": "James W. Doran of Millwood, of the Clarke Cavalry, was captured and held in prison at Washington, D.C., his 1903 notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1505-1", "E1505-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry", "millwood" ], "establishes": "Doran's prison.", "limitations": "The notice does not date it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1506", "text": "John O. Crown, editor of the Clarke Courier, had been a prisoner at Point Lookout, and after his death his pamphlet \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison,\" dedicated to the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, was praised by a correspondent in 1900.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1506-1", "E1506-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "That the Courier's own editor had been a prisoner and wrote about it.", "limitations": "The pamphlet itself was not found or read for this story.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1507", "text": "The Virginia War History Commission's 1927 history of Clarke County says \"Mr. J. W. Lloyd had five sons in service\": Charles, Grover, Linton, Thomas and Howard. The Courier wrote in January 1919 that five of his seven sons \"joined the army, went to France and took part in the fighting,\" and in March that the family was \"one of the few in America which gave five sons.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1507-1", "E1507-2", "E1507-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That five Lloyd brothers served, and who they were.", "limitations": "The paper's \"one of the few in America\" is its own judgment.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1508", "text": "In December 1918 the Courier reported that Thomas Griffith Lloyd and Charles Lemly Lloyd had both been wounded in France in October; a few weeks later it reported that telegraphed news of Thomas's death was false.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1508-1", "E1508-2", "E1508-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Two brothers wounded, and the false report.", "limitations": "The paper's dates come from a letter and a War Department telegram.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1509", "text": "In August 1919 the Courier described their wounds: Charles, wounded three times, had re-enlisted in the military police; Thomas Griffith, hit in the hip by a machine-gun bullet at Verdun and then by shrapnel as he was carried off, was left with a wound \"laming him for life\"; Howard had a bullet through the foot and shell shock.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1509-1", "E1509-2", "E1509-3", "E1509-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The brothers' wounds.", "limitations": "As the paper described them.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1510", "text": "Howard B. Lloyd landed in New York in March 1919 and was home in April; on a Berryville street he told a group of men that \"The past ten months are the worst I have ever been through,\" and urged them to \"get closer to your church and your God.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1510-1", "E1510-2", "E1510-3", "E1510-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Howard's return and his words.", "limitations": "His words as the paper printed them.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1511", "text": "Charles Lemly Lloyd, \"the last of the five soldier sons\" to come home, returned in November 1919; badly gassed and wounded in the Argonne with the 318th Regiment, 80th Division, he had swallowed his tobacco when he was hit, grown sick, and had to take off his gas mask, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: as the paper reported it", "evidence_ids": [ "E1511-1", "E1511-2", "E1511-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Charles's return and how he was gassed.", "limitations": "The story of the tobacco is his, as the paper told it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1512", "text": "Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest, who served with Co. D, 101st Infantry, 26th Division, drowned in February 1922 at 24 in a small reservoir not far from his father's home; he and his four brothers were members of the Lloyd Williams Post, the Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1512-1", "E1512-2", "E1512-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "Linton's death and his service.", "limitations": "A death notice; the cause of the fall is the paper's guess.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1513", "text": "Isaac Bonham's death notice, which the Clarke Courier reprinted from the Vicksburg Herald in 1883, says he \"went out at the age of 16 with the first volunteers,\" a private in the Clarke Cavalry, 6th Virginia; that he served as \"special courier to Stonewall Jackson\"; and that he was captured and \"for a long time lingered in prison.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice, written years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1513-1", "E1513-2", "E1513-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "What the notice says of his service.", "limitations": "The age and the courier service are the notice's, written about twenty years after the war.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1514", "text": "Bonham, a native of Berryville, was shot in Vicksburg in August 1883 in an affray between two other men and died the next morning, in the 37th year of his age; the Herald wrote that he had been \"interposing ... to prevent the effusion of blood.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a death notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1514-1", "E1514-2", "E1514-3", "E1514-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "berryville" ], "establishes": "How and when he died.", "limitations": "The Herald's account of the affray, as the Courier reprinted it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1515", "text": "Burwell McGuire, who died near Berryville in January 1912 in the sixty-seventh year of his age, had served in the Clarke Cavalry, \"he then being only a youth in his 'teens,\" the Courier wrote; he had lived in the county all his life.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice, written years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1515-1", "E1515-2", "E1515-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "clarke-cavalry", "berryville" ], "establishes": "What the notice says of his service and his age.", "limitations": "A death notice, written nearly fifty years after the war.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1516", "text": "Charles T. Jones of the Long Marsh district, who died in February 1894 \"aged nearly 48 years,\" had entered the Confederate army in 1864 \"when a lad of but 17 years\" and was soon wounded; he later sat five or more years on the county board of supervisors, the Courier wrote.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice, written years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1516-1", "E1516-2", "E1516-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the notice says of his service, his wound and his later life.", "limitations": "A death notice, written thirty years after the war.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1517", "text": "W. W. Bowles, born near Winchester, joined the Confederate army \"during the last year of the civil war\" as \"a lad of sixteen\" and served under Capt. Jack Adams; he later moved to Clarke and died at his home, \"Glenvin,\" east of Millwood, in September 1924, at 77, the Courier wrote.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice, written years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1517-1", "E1517-2", "E1517-3", "E1517-4", "E1517-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "millwood" ], "establishes": "What the notice says of his service and his life.", "limitations": "A death notice, written sixty years after the war.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1518", "text": "William E. Reed, born in Winchester, spent the greater part of his life in Clarke and became a grain merchant; at his death in April 1924 the Courier wrote that he was \"scarcely more than a boy\" when he entered Company C of the 12th Virginia Cavalry, Rosser's \"Laurel Brigade.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a death notice, written years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1518-1", "E1518-2", "E1518-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the notice says of his service and his life.", "limitations": "A death notice, written sixty years after the war; \"scarcely more than a boy\" is the paper's inference from his age.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1519", "text": "One of Reed's last requests, the Courier reported, was that his Confederate badge of honor and the medal the Sunday school of Marvin Chapel gave him after thirty years as its superintendent be pinned on his breast and buried with him.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a death notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1519-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "His last request.", "limitations": "As the paper reported it.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-12", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1520", "text": "A muster-roll card in the compiled service record of Edmond Pendleton reads \"Edmond Pendleton, 1[st?] Sergt, Co. C, 17 Batt’n Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov & Dec, 1862,\" gives his enlistment on Sept 20, 1862, at \"Clarke C\" by Capt Harper, for the war, and says he \"Furnished his own horse.\" The card’s printed note says the 17th Battalion became the 11th Regiment Virginia Cavalry in February 1863.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1520-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Nov-Dec 1862 muster-roll card says of Edmond Pendleton: his rank, company, enlistment at Clarke on Sept 20, 1862, and that he furnished his own horse.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original rolls. The file is headed \"Pendleton, Edmond\"; no card read here says that the man on it is the Edmund Pendleton of the VMI sketch: the link rests on the name, rank, Company C and the 11th Virginia Cavalry, and is labelled Likely. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time on 2026-10-13. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1521", "text": "An inspection-report card in the same record carries \"Ed. Pendelton [sic], Lieut Co. C 11 Regt Va Cavly\" among the absent commissioned officers of Rosser’s Brigade in a report dated at Forestville in October 1864, accounted for as \"Wounded,\" with the date May 5, 1864.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1521-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That an October 1864 inspection report of Rosser’s Brigade carried Lieut. Pendleton of Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, as absent, wounded, May 5, 1864. It does not say he died.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original rolls. The file is headed \"Pendleton, Edmond\"; no card read here says that the man on it is the Edmund Pendleton of the VMI sketch: the link rests on the name, rank, Company C and the 11th Virginia Cavalry, and is labelled Likely. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time on 2026-10-13. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim. The day of the report is doubtful (2 or 3); the wound date is clearly written.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1522", "text": "A muster-roll card in the compiled service record of William Moore reads \"William Moore, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov. & Dec, 1861,\" and gives his enlistment on May 15 at Harpers Ferry by Capt Hardesty for one year; the card leaves the last digit of the year unwritten.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1522-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Nov-Dec 1861 muster-roll card says of William Moore: private, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, enlisted May 15 at Harpers Ferry by Capt. Hardesty, for one year.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the William Moore of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1523", "text": "A claim in the same record certifies that \"the horse of William Moore Sgt Co (D) 6th Va Cavy was shot in the action of June 9th 1863 near Brandy Station\" and was appraised at $375, and carries a receipt for that sum dated Sept 19, 1863, signed \"W. Moore.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1523-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the Confederate government paid William Moore, sergeant, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, $375 for a horse shot under him at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the William Moore of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim. One letter of the appraising officer’s name is doubtful and bracketed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1524", "text": "A parole card filed in the same record reads \"W. J. Moore, Pvt Co. K, 6 Regt Va. Cav.\" and gives his parole on April 20, 1865, at Millwood, Va. The card’s initials and company differ from William Moore’s other cards.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1524-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the War Department filed in William Moore’s record a parole of a W. J. Moore, private, Co. K, 6th Virginia Cavalry, at Millwood on April 20, 1865.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the William Moore of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim. The paroling officer’s name is not clearly legible and is bracketed.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1525", "text": "A muster-roll card in the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen reads \"Robert O. Allen, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Sept & Oct, 1861,\" and gives his enlistment on July 21 at Manassas by Capt Nelson for one year; the card leaves the last digit of the year unwritten.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1525-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What the Sept-Oct 1861 muster-roll card says of Robert O. Allen: private, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, enlisted July 21 at Manassas by Capt. Nelson, for one year.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the Robert O. Allen of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1526", "text": "A muster-roll card in the same record for Sept and Oct 1864 reads \"R. O. Allen, 2 Lieut, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry\" and carries him absent: \"Absent sick wounded in action June 9, 1863 Brandy Station.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1526-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That the company still carried 2nd Lieut. R. O. Allen absent in the autumn of 1864, wounded at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the Robert O. Allen of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1527", "text": "A register card of the Invalid Corps, Provisional Army of the Confederate States, in the same record reads \"R. O. Allen, 2 Lt Co D. 6 Regt Cavy Va.\" and gives his retirement on Nov 15, 1864, at Richmond, and his assignment to duty under Maj. Gen. Kemper by S.O. 279 of Nov 24, 1864.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a compiled service-record card, name and company as the card gives them", "evidence_ids": [ "E1527-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That 2nd Lieut. R. O. Allen was retired to the Invalid Corps on November 15, 1864, and assigned to duty under Maj. Gen. Kemper.", "limitations": "The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts, not the original records. No card read here says that the man on it is the Robert O. Allen of Gold’s Clarke Cavalry roll: the link rests on the name, rank and Company D of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. The passage was read on the saved file and twice on the crop, the second time independently. Nothing beyond the quoted passage was read from the card. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1528", "text": "Gold’s 1914 history of Clarke County, in its account of the fighting on the road from Beverly’s Ford by St. James church to Brandy Station (printed pp. 267-269), says that Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry, with one load left in his pistol, came up behind Col. B. F. Davis of the 8th New York Cavalry; that Davis \"made a vicious stroke at Lieutenant Allen with his sword\"; and that Allen, throwing himself on the side of his horse, \"fired his remaining shot at Davis with an aim so true that he fell dead from his horse and Allen galloped off unharmed.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county history’s account, written about fifty years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1528-1", "E1528-2", "E1528-3", "E1528-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "What Gold’s history says of Lieut. R. O. Allen and Col. B. F. Davis at Brandy Station.", "limitations": "Gold wrote in 1914, about fifty years after the battle; this is his account, and no record read here describes the encounter otherwise. The passage was read on the page image of the hosted digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1529", "text": "An unnumbered plate between printed pp. 268 and 269 of Gold’s 1914 history of Clarke County is a full-length photograph captioned \"R. O. ALLEN LIEUTENANT, 'CLARKE CAVALRY' (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY).\" The caption says he \"was the eldest of three brothers who served in the Confederate Army, two of whom lost their lives in the service (David H., who was mortally wounded at the First Battle of Manassas, and A. S., at Chancellorsville.)\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county history’s plate and caption", "evidence_ids": [ "E1529-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That Gold’s history prints a photograph of R. O. Allen, and what its caption says of him and his brothers.", "limitations": "The book does not say when or by whom the photograph was taken. The caption is Gold’s; the brothers’ deaths are not checked here against other records. The plate was read on the page image of the hosted digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1530", "text": "Gold’s account of Brandy Station (printed p. 269) says that \"One of the men in the woods with Lieutenant Allen was Nicholas Moore, of the Clarke Cavalry, who received a very severe wound from a pistol shot,\" fell forward on his horse, kept his seat, and was brought off the field.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a county history’s account, written about fifty years later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1530-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "That Gold’s history names Nicholas Moore of the Clarke Cavalry as severely wounded at Brandy Station.", "limitations": "Gold wrote in 1914, about fifty years after the battle; this is his account, and no record read here describes the encounter otherwise. The passage was read on the page image of the hosted digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1531", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 4, 1917, under the headline \"Local Boy Now in France,\" printed a photograph of Capt. Lloyd W. Williams from the Marine Corps Publicity Bureau and reported that Captain Lloyd William Williams, United States Marine Corps, \"formerly of Berryville,\" had \"gone with the first contingent U. S. Marines for service overseas.\" It said he was a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, born June 5, 1887, in Berryville, appointed a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on January 8, 1910, and commissioned first lieutenant on June 12, 1916 and captain on August 29, 1916.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1531-1", "E1531-2", "E1531-3", "E1531-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported him gone overseas with the first contingent of Marines, and the career it gave him.", "limitations": "His career is as the paper gave it; it is not checked here against Marine Corps records. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1532", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 27, 1918 reported that Lloyd William Williams of Berryville, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, had been promoted from captain to major in the United States Marine Corps, and called him \"the first Clarke boy, so far as is now known, to be rewarded for distinguished bravery and heroism in action.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1532-1", "E1532-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported his promotion to major.", "limitations": "The promotion is as the paper reported it; its report of July 4, 1918 says only that he had been recommended for promotion to major. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1533", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 4, 1918 reported that his wife, Mrs. Selina Williams, and his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, had received a telegram from the War Department that Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marine Corps \"had died from wounds received in action on June 11.\" It said he was born at \"Nottingham,\" in Clarke County, on June 5, 1887, and that \"So far as available records show, Capt. Williams is the first son of Clarke to be killed in France.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1533-1", "E1533-2", "E1533-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "That the Courier reported his death from wounds received in action on June 11, 1918, and called him the first son of Clarke killed in France.", "limitations": "The date is the telegram's as the paper reported it; other Courier items give June 12 and June 17. The paper's own earlier items say he was born in Berryville. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1534", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 18, 1918 announced memorial services at Grace Episcopal Church on Sunday, July 21, for Capt. Lloyd Williams, U. S. M. C., \"who died of wounds received in France on June 17.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1534-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "That this notice gives June 17 as the date of his wounds.", "limitations": "A short notice; the paper's report of two weeks before gives June 11. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1535", "text": "At the memorial service at Grace Church in July 1918, the Clarke Courier of July 25, 1918 reported, the rector, Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor, said that Capt. Lloyd W. Williams had been slightly wounded on June 9 and taken to a hospital at Lucy, behind the lines, and that a shell falling in the room where he lay \"exploded and killed him instantly.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1535-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "What the rector said in July 1918 of how Williams died.", "limitations": "The rector's account, as the paper reported his address; the date and the manner of death differ from the paper's other accounts. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1536", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 28, 1918, retelling the account of a lieutenant of his company, reported that on June 6 Capt. Lloyd W. Williams went alone into a wheat field to carry first aid to his wounded and was awarded the croix de guerre, and that on June 11, wounded in the left arm and shoulder, he was carried to the dressing station at Lucy, where a shell exploded and mortally wounded him. A Red Cross letter it quoted says he was \"fatally rewounded while being carried to or actually in the dressing station\" and \"buried at La Ferte by Chaplain Father Brady.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1536-1", "E1536-2", "E1536-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "What the paper reported in November 1918 of how Williams died, and the Red Cross letter it quoted.", "limitations": "A lieutenant's account as the paper retold it, and a letter as the paper quoted it; the chaplain the letter names wrote in 1919 that he did not bury Williams. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1537", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 18, 1919 printed a letter of August 14, 1919 from Father John J. Brady, a Navy chaplain, to Mrs. Lloyd W. Williams, which says: \"I did not have the honor of burying Captain Williams as he died in one of the hospitals in the rear,\" and \"If I remember rightly he was wounded again by the flying fragments of a bursting shell while being carried on a stretcher to the rear.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a letter written fourteen months later", "evidence_ids": [ "E1537-1", "E1537-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "What the chaplain wrote to the widow in 1919.", "limitations": "The chaplain's memory, fourteen months after the death, as the paper printed his letter. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1538", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 10, 1919 reprinted a United Press account that traced the reply \"Retreat, Hell No!\", attributed for months to Gen. Omar Bundy, to Capt. Lloyd Williams of the 51st Company, 5th Marines: a French major told him to follow a withdrawal, and \"'Retreat?' the American asked. 'Hell, no!'\" It quotes his message as \"French major ordered me to withdraw with him. Told him to go to hell,\" says he was killed six days later, on June 12, 1918, and says a Distinguished Service Cross was sent later to his home at Berryville.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a press account reprinted by the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E1538-1", "E1538-2", "E1538-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "What the press account the Courier reprinted in 1919 said of the reply, the date of his death and a Distinguished Service Cross.", "limitations": "A press account reprinted by the paper, which prints his name once as \"Lloyd M. Williams\"; the date of death and the medal differ from other Courier items. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1539", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 6, 1919, quoting an article by Alexander Woollcott (the paper prints \"Woolcott\") in the Home Sector, says the story that General Bundy had answered a French order to retreat with \"Retreat hell, I just got here!\" \"was not true. But it was not sheer invention\": Captain Williams of the Marines, met by an excited French officer who said the order was to retreat, \"told him to go to hell.\" It says Williams was later killed by a random shell while on the operating table in the dressing station.", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a magazine account quoted by the paper", "evidence_ids": [ "E1539-1", "E1539-2", "E1539-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "What the article the Courier quoted in November 1919 said of the reply and of his death.", "limitations": "A magazine writer's account as the paper quoted it. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1540", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 25, 1919 reported that Maj. Henry W. Carpenter, Sergeant Moses O'Brien and Corporal Robert Fuller, for about 15 veterans of Berryville and vicinity, had applied for the charter of an American Legion post at Berryville, and that the post would be named in honor of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1540-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "lloyd-williams-post" ], "establishes": "That the Berryville post of the American Legion was to be named for him.", "limitations": "A report of the charter application, before the charter arrived. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1541", "text": "The Clarke Courier of July 14, 1921 reported that the body of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams, which had reached New York from France after three years, would arrive at Berryville that Thursday morning, with funeral services at Grace Church and burial in the Williams lot in Green Hill Cemetery. Its issue of July 21, 1921 reported that \"On Thursday last\" he was laid to rest \"on a beautiful slope of Green Hill Cemetery,\" and quoted his reply to the French officers as \"Fall back hell, We are going to advance.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1541-1", "E1541-2", "E1541-3", "E1541-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams", "green-hill-cemetery-berryville", "grace-episcopal-berryville" ], "establishes": "That his body was brought home from France and buried at Green Hill Cemetery in July 1921.", "limitations": "Newspaper reports of the funeral; the 1921 report quotes his reply in a third wording. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1542", "text": "The list of Clarke soldiers' war honors that the Clarke Courier printed on April 26, 1923, compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, gives Lloyd William Williams, captain of the 51st Company of Marines, the French croix de guerre with palms and a silver star citation at Chateau Thierry, June 3, 1918, and quotes a citation for June 6, 1918: he \"continued fighting until he was severely wounded by machine gun fire, and later killed by shell fire.\" The list names no Distinguished Service Cross for him.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a published list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1542-1", "E1542-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "The honors the 1923 list gives him.", "limitations": "The list as the paper printed it from the Virginia War History; it is not checked here against military records. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1543", "text": "The list of Clarke soldiers' war honors that the Clarke Courier printed on April 26, 1923 gives John R. Castleman of Berryville, first lieutenant and air service pilot, a distinguished service cross at Romagne, France, on October 5, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a published list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1543-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-r-castleman-jr" ], "establishes": "The honor the 1923 list gives John R. Castleman.", "limitations": "The Courier of May 26, 1921 reported a Distinguished Service Medal for Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr.; which is right is not settled here. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1544", "text": "Reporting the death of Robert E. Russell, son of Mrs. Mary A. Russell and the late Jesse Russell, the Clarke Courier of November 28, 1918 called him \"the second son of Clarke county who has met death on the field of battle so far as official reports show. Capt. Lloyd Williams was the first.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1544-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "robert-edgar-russell", "lloyd-w-williams" ], "establishes": "That the Courier counted Russell second and Williams first among Clarke's dead in France.", "limitations": "The count is the paper's, \"so far as official reports show.\" Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1545", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 10, 1942 reported that Mrs. Mervin Shackleford had word from her youngest son, Pfc. Fred H. Shackleford, that he was out of the hospital, where he had been since February, but had to report there every morning for treatment to his injured knee.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1545-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the paper reported him in the hospital with an injured knee in 1942.", "limitations": "A local news item from his family's word. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1546", "text": "The Clarke Courier of August 31, 1944 reported that the War Department had wired the mother of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford that he had died on August 10, \"presumably in action in France,\" but that the wire \"did not state that he was killed in action\"; it was assumed so because he had written his mother that day. \"If Pvt. Shackleford was killed in action,\" the paper said, it was the first such casualty of any Clarke County soldier. It said he went into the army with the National Guard in February 1941, at 16, was 21 at his death, and had been in England from September 1942 until the invasion of France.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1546-1", "E1546-2", "E1546-3", "E1546-4", "E1546-5" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the paper first reported his death as presumably in action.", "limitations": "The paper's report of a telegram that was not seen; the paper itself says the wire did not state he was killed in action. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1547", "text": "The Clarke Courier of September 7, 1944, under the headline \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot,\" reported that according to a wire his mother, Mrs. Mervin Shackleford, received on Monday, he \"was accidentally shot\"; that it had been assumed he was killed in action because he had written his mother the day of his death, August 10; and that he had gone in with the National Guard in February 1941 \"at the age of 16.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1547-1", "E1547-2", "E1547-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That a week later the paper reported, from a second wire, that he had been accidentally shot.", "limitations": "The paper's report of a wire that was not seen. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1548", "text": "The Clarke Courier of November 16, 1944 reported that Pvt. Fred Shackleford, \"killed accidentally in France on August 10,\" died of 18 bullet wounds in his chest from a captured German sub-machine gun held by a companion of his outfit, which was discharged accidentally while a group of his unit was examining it, as his mother, Mrs. Mervin Shackleford of Berryville, had been told. It said he was with the 29th Division.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1548-1", "E1548-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "How the paper reported his death in November 1944.", "limitations": "The paper's account of a report his mother received, which was not seen. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1549", "text": "The \"One Year Ago\" column of the Clarke Courier of August 30, 1945 says: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford is killed in action in France.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a one-line note in a look-back column", "evidence_ids": [ "E1549-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the paper's look-back column of August 1945 says he was killed in action.", "limitations": "A one-line note a year later; the column of the next week says he was accidentally killed. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1550", "text": "The \"One Year Ago\" column of the Clarke Courier of September 6, 1945 says: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford is accidentally killed in France while examining a captured German gun.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a one-line note in a look-back column", "evidence_ids": [ "E1550-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the paper's look-back column of September 1945 says he was accidentally killed.", "limitations": "A one-line note a year later; the column of the week before says he was killed in action. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1551", "text": "The Clarke Courier of June 27, 1946 reported a War Department honor list of the dead and missing of World War II, \"showing that Clarke county lost 26 men during the war,\" under the headline \"Report Of War Department Lists 9 Killed In Action And 11 Died In Non-Action.\" The list as the paper printed it names Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford under \"Died (Non-battle).\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a published list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1551-1", "E1551-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the War Department's 1946 list, as the paper printed it, counts him among those who died in non-battle.", "limitations": "The paper says the list was preliminary and might contain errors; the list itself was not seen. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1552", "text": "The \"Three Years Ago\" column of the Clarke Courier of August 28, 1947 says: \"Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford dies of wounds in France.\"", "assessment": "qualified", "assessment_label": "Qualified: a one-line note in a look-back column", "evidence_ids": [ "E1552-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That the paper's look-back column of 1947 says he died of wounds.", "limitations": "A one-line note three years later. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1553", "text": "The Clarke Courier of October 21, 1948 reported that the body of Pvt. Fred Howard Shackleford would arrive in Berryville the next day, for funeral services from his late home on Sunday afternoon. It said he \"was killed August 10, 1944, 14 miles south of St. Lo, France,\" that he \"was accidentally shot while examining captured machine guns,\" that he entered the army with Company I, 116th Infantry, 29th Division, and that he was born May 4, 1923.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary report", "evidence_ids": [ "E1553-1", "E1553-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "establishes": "That his body was brought home to Berryville in October 1948, and what the paper then said of his death.", "limitations": "A report written before the funeral. Its birth date makes him 17, not 16, when the National Guard was mustered in February 1941. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1554", "text": "Samuel Ritter served in Capt. William M. Nelson's Clarke County infantry company and was seriously wounded at the first battle of Manassas, from which he never fully recovered, his 1899 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1554-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "Ritter's company and his wound at First Manassas.", "limitations": "The notice prints the captain as \"William M. Nelson\"; it was written thirty-eight years after the battle. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1555", "text": "Samuel Ritter, called one of the oldest citizens of Frederick County, died in September 1899 at 84, the Clarke Courier reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1555-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-courier" ], "establishes": "Ritter's death and age.", "limitations": "The notice gives the day only as \"last Wednesday\". Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1556", "text": "Thomas Sewell Chamblin, of an old Loudoun County family, enlisted in May 1861 and served in Company H, First Virginia Cavalry, his 1914 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1556-1", "E1556-2", "E1556-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "Chamblin's enlistment and company.", "limitations": "The notice was written fifty-three years after his enlistment. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1557", "text": "Thomas S. Chamblin was wounded in the arm on July 21, 1861, was partly crippled for the rest of his life, and served until he was paroled at Winchester on April 29, 1865, his death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1557-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "Chamblin's wound, its lasting effect, and his parole.", "limitations": "The notice gives the date of the engagement, not its place. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1558", "text": "Thomas S. Chamblin was for many years president of the Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society of Winchester, and died on April 28, 1914, at his home, \"The Highlands,\" near White Post, in his seventy-fourth year.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1558-1", "E1558-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "white-post" ], "establishes": "Chamblin's later life and death.", "limitations": "The notice gives the day without the year; it appeared on May 6, 1914. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1559", "text": "John P. Yowell served in Company E, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, was severely wounded at the battle of Kernstown, and suffered from wounds received in battle for a long time afterward, his 1901 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1559-1", "E1559-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce" ], "establishes": "Yowell's company and his wound at Kernstown.", "limitations": "Two battles were fought at Kernstown, in 1862 and 1864; the notice does not say which. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1560", "text": "John P. Yowell died at his home a mile south of Boyce in July 1901, aged 65.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1560-1", "E1560-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "boyce" ], "establishes": "Yowell's death, age and home.", "limitations": "The notice gives the day only as \"Monday morning\". Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1561", "text": "Thomas J. Russell, a member of the Clarke Cavalry, was wounded at the battle of Brandy Station and suffered from the wound for years, his 1902 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1561-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-cavalry" ], "establishes": "Russell's company and his wound at Brandy Station.", "limitations": "The notice names the battle, not its date. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1562", "text": "Thomas J. Russell, a farmer, died at his home three miles west of Berryville in May 1902, aged 62.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1562-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "berryville" ], "establishes": "Russell's death, age and home.", "limitations": "The notice gives the day only as \"Friday night of last week\". Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1563", "text": "Thomas H. Shearer served in the Nelson Rifles, Second Virginia Regiment, Stonewall Brigade, and was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, his 1899 death notice says.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1563-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood" ], "establishes": "Shearer's company and his wound at Gettysburg.", "limitations": "The notice names the battle, not its date. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1564", "text": "Thomas H. Shearer, one of the best known business men of Millwood, kept a general merchandise store there and slept in it, and died of typhoid fever in June 1899, about fifty years of age and unmarried.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a contemporary notice", "evidence_ids": [ "E1564-1", "E1564-2", "E1564-3", "E1564-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "millwood" ], "establishes": "Shearer's trade and death.", "limitations": "The notice gives the day only as \"Thursday night\". Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1565", "text": "The letter in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922 that calls for a Carnegie hero medal for James Frank Moore is signed with the initials \"W. A. B.\", and closes with the line \"Here lies one who loved his fellowman.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the printed letter", "evidence_ids": [ "E1565-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-frank-moore" ], "establishes": "Who signed the letter about Moore, as far as the paper prints it: initials only.", "limitations": "The paper prints only the initials; the writer is not named anywhere in the letter or the issue. The closing lines are set at the foot of another column and do not name Moore; the letter they end is the one C879 describes. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1566", "text": "The same list of war honors in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923 also gives John R. Castleman a silver star citation at Cunel, France, the \"same day\" as his distinguished service cross, \"for gallantry in action.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: a printed list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1566-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-r-castleman-jr" ], "establishes": "A second decoration the 1923 list gives Castleman.", "limitations": "The passage runs on from the end of his distinguished service cross citation, whose date (October 5, 1918) is in C1543; the list itself is compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, not from War Department records. The 1921 Courier item (C602) names a different decoration, and which is right is not settled here. Read on the page image of the Library of Congress digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1567", "text": "In the same compiled service record, a requisition for forage for one horse for January 1864, at Harrisonburg, is made out \"in the service of Lewis Ashby, Company D, 6th Regiment\" of Virginia Cavalry, and is signed twice by the soldier \"Jas L Ashby\": the two forms of the name on one document.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the soldier's own signature on a Confederate requisition in his compiled service record", "evidence_ids": [ "E1567-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "establishes": "That \"Lewis Ashby\" and \"Jas L Ashby\" are one soldier of Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, on one form, as C1428 shows across two vouchers.", "limitations": "This ties the two name forms together inside the file; like C1428, it does not connect this soldier to the VMI Memorial sketch of James L. Ashby or to Gold's account of a Lewis Ashby killed at Trevilian Station (see R168). The place is written \"Harrisonburg Hospital\" on the requisition; the form does not say why he drew forage there. Read once on 2026-10-14 from the archived Fold3 scan at 150-300 dpi, a digital reproduction of the National Archives microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-14", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1568", "text": "Patricia B. Duncan's abstract of the Clarke County death register records that Nancy Edwards, a white girl of 9, daughter of Henry and Mary Ann Edwards, died in the county on December 23, 1853, of \"putria sore throat,\" as her father reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the death register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1568-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the register records Nancy Edwards's death in December 1853 and its cause as her father gave it.", "limitations": "The cause is the register's wording, not a diagnosis. Nothing about the family beyond the entry is recorded here. Read from Duncan's printed abstract on the scan's page image, a digital reproduction, not from the register or the Library of Virginia microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1569", "text": "Duncan's abstract of the register records that Sarah F. Edwards, a white girl of 6, also a daughter of Henry and Mary Ann Edwards, died in the county on December 30, 1853, of \"putria sore throat,\" as her father reported.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the death register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1569-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the register records a second Edwards daughter dying of the same cause a week after the first.", "limitations": "The cause is the register's wording, not a diagnosis. The two entries name the same parents and informant; nothing beyond the entries is recorded here. Read from Duncan's printed abstract on the scan's page image, a digital reproduction, not from the register or the Library of Virginia microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1570", "text": "Duncan's abstract of the register records, under the name of Nancy Allen as owner, the death on February 1, 1853, of an enslaved girl of one year and four months, whose name is not given, of typhoid fever; Nancy Allen reported it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the death register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1570-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the register records this child's death and cause, under her owner's name and without her own.", "limitations": "The register gives no name for the child, and none is supplied here. \"Slave\" is the register's word as Duncan prints it. Read from Duncan's printed abstract on the scan's page image, a digital reproduction, not from the register or the Library of Virginia microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1571", "text": "Duncan's abstract of the register records that Silas William Ball, a Black laborer of 22 (\"colored male\" in the register), son of James and Agnes, born in Clarke County, died in the Chapel District on November 14, 1887, of consumption; Alfred Ball, a friend and neighbor, reported it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the death register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1571-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the register records Silas William Ball's death of consumption in 1887.", "limitations": "Duncan prints the informant as \"Alf'd. BALL\" and the parents as \"Jas. & Agnes\"; the expansions are this project's. The cause is the register's wording. Read from Duncan's printed abstract on the scan's page image, a digital reproduction, not from the register or the Library of Virginia microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1572", "text": "Duncan's abstract of the register records that Robert Elwell, a white boy of two months, son of William and Martha Elwell, died in the Battletown District on July 1, 1894, of cholera infantum; his father reported it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: Duncan's abstract of the death register", "evidence_ids": [ "E1572-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the register records an infant's death of cholera infantum in 1894.", "limitations": "Duncan prints the cause as \"chol. infantum\" and the father as \"Wm.\"; the expansions are this project's. Cholera infantum is a 19th-century name for diarrheal illness in infants, not a modern diagnosis. Read from Duncan's printed abstract on the scan's page image, a digital reproduction, not from the register or the Library of Virginia microfilm. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-15", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1573", "text": "The Virginia Free Press of September 12, 1833 reported a public meeting at Berryville on the previous Saturday on dividing Frederick County, and said the people of the proposed new county were \"almost unanimous in its favour.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1573-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the movement for a new county out of eastern Frederick held a public meeting at Berryville in early September 1833.", "limitations": "The paper does not name who spoke or how many came; \"almost unanimous\" is its report of what was said, not a count. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1574", "text": "The east Frederick petition, printed in the Virginia Free Press on November 21, 1833, cited the 1833 count by Wilford G. Settle, commissioner of the revenue, of the people taxed in the proposed county: 748 white men over 16, 1,654 enslaved people over 16 and 7 free Black men over 16, 2,409 in all.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1574-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The size of the proposed county as its petitioners put it to the legislature: the tithables, the people on whom county and parish levies fell.", "limitations": "A count of tithables, not of the whole population: women, children under 16 and white men under 16 are not in it. The petitioners chose the figure to make their case. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1575", "text": "The petition objected to paying for a new courthouse in Winchester and a jail to match it, saying the people of the eastern district would bear a large share of the cost without being consulted.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1575-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the plan for new county buildings in Winchester was one of the grievances behind the petition.", "limitations": "The petitioners' own account of their grievance; Winchester's answer to it is not in this passage. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1576", "text": "On January 14, 1834 the House of Delegates reversed its committee's finding that the petition for a new county out of eastern Frederick was reasonable, by 76 votes to 53.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1576-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The first defeat of the petition in the House.", "limitations": "From the Political Arena's summary of the House, not the official journal. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1577", "text": "Before the April 1834 election, the Winchester Virginia Republican of March 29 printed letters on both sides: one closing with a call to choose \"internal improvement and the integrity of OLD FREDERICK,\" another warning that re-electing the three sitting delegates, none of whom lived in the proposed county, would \"bar the door of petition\" to the people who wanted it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1577-1", "E1577-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the division was argued in print, by both sides, in the week before the vote.", "limitations": "Advocates' letters, not reports; the writers are not named. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1578", "text": "Frederick re-elected its three sitting delegates in the spring of 1834, all opposed to division; the Genius of Liberty, citing the Winchester Virginian, said the division \"merged every other consideration at the polls.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1578-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the 1834 election in Frederick turned on the division.", "limitations": "The Leesburg paper reports the Winchester Virginian's judgment; the Virginian's own issue is not digitized. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1579", "text": "In February 1835 the House of Delegates refused, 61 to 49, to reject the renewed petition for a new county out of eastern Frederick, and a bill was ordered.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1579-1", "E1579-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the second petition got further than the first: the House let a bill be brought in.", "limitations": "From the Alexandria Gazette, reprinting the Richmond Compiler's summary. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1580", "text": "On February 25, 1835 the House postponed the bill forming a new county out of part of Frederick indefinitely, by 47 votes to 44.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1580-1", "E1580-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The second defeat, by three votes.", "limitations": "From the Genius of Liberty's summary of the House; the day is the one before the Thursday, February 26 heading. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1581", "text": "In Frederick's election of April 1835, John B. D. Smith won votes \"exclusively on account of his exertions against the division of the county,\" the Winchester Virginian reported in an item the Richmond Enquirer reprinted.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1581-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the division still decided votes in Frederick in 1835.", "limitations": "The Virginian's judgment, reprinted; it does not say how many such votes there were. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1582", "text": "In January 1836, with a third petition before the legislature, the Virginia Free Press's Richmond correspondent wrote that its fate could not be foreseen, as \"the most earnest opposition will again be made to it.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1582-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the outcome of the third petition was in doubt as the session opened.", "limitations": "A correspondent's forecast. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1583", "text": "On March 5, 1836 the House of Delegates took up the bill forming a new county out of Frederick on a tie vote of 49 to 49, with the Speaker voting in favor, and then passed it by 84 votes to 29.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1583-1", "E1583-2", "E1583-3", "E1583-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "How the bill forming Clarke County passed the House: the motion to take it up carried only on the Speaker's vote.", "limitations": "From the Richmond Enquirer's report of the House; the day comes from the report's heading as read in the OCR, and the totals are the last figures of the printed lists of ayes and noes. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1584", "text": "The House named the new county Clarke, \"in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke,\" George Rogers Clark; the Virginia Free Press told its readers that \"The county including Berryville is to be called Clarke.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1584-1", "E1584-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "Whom the county was named for, in the words of the day.", "limitations": "The papers spell the general's name Clarke; he is usually written George Rogers Clark. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1585", "text": "The Senate passed the bills forming Clarke and Warren counties almost unanimously on Tuesday, March 8, 1836; Fredericksburg's Political Arena wrote that the legislature had \"shorn the counties of Frederick and Shenandoah of their strength.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1585-1", "E1585-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "When the county was made, and how one paper outside the Valley saw it.", "limitations": "The Senate vote is not given in figures; \"almost unanimously\" is the Richmond Enquirer's word. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1586", "text": "The act, as the Virginia Free Press printed it on March 24, 1836, made the eastern part of Frederick \"one distinct and new county,\" to \"be called and known by the name of Clarke county,\" and directed the Governor to commission nineteen justices of the peace for it.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1586-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "What the act said about the county's name and its first magistrates.", "limitations": "The newspaper's printing of the act, not the session laws. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1587", "text": "The justices of the new county of Clarke first assembled in Berryville on Monday, March 28, 1836; George H. Norris, the oldest in commission, took up the duties of sheriff, John Hay was chosen clerk of the county court, and John E. Page commonwealth's attorney.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1587-1", "E1587-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation", "berryville" ], "establishes": "The first sitting of Clarke's county court and its first officers.", "limitations": "The Free Press's report of the meeting, not the court's order book. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1588", "text": "Clarke County held its first election on Monday, April 25, 1836; at half past four that afternoon Nathaniel Burwell had 150 votes for the House of Delegates and Col. William Carson 2.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1588-1", "E1588-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The county's first election and its first delegate's vote.", "limitations": "A count taken before the polls closed, as the Free Press printed it. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1589", "text": "The petition of 1833 went to the legislature as a printed pamphlet, \"The Memorial and Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Eastern Part of Frederick County, praying The Formation of a New County,\" printed at the Virginia Free Press office, with sheets of signatures. On one sheet the first eight names, among them George H. Norris and John Hay, are bracketed together as \"Magistrates.\" The sheets that survive from that winter carry about 1,200 signatures.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1589-1", "E1589-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "How the first petition was put before the legislature, and that the district's justices of the peace led the signers.", "limitations": "Counted by this project from the scans: a name on more than one sheet is counted each time, sheets that are lost are not counted, and some signers lived outside the proposed county. The bracket marks the names as magistrates; it does not say all of the district's magistrates signed. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1590", "text": "The House of Delegates received the 1833 petition on December 11, 1833 and referred it to its committee of propositions; on January 1, 1834 the committee found it \"Reasonable.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1590-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the committee approved the first petition before the House reversed it on January 14, 1834.", "limitations": "From the clerk's docket on the petition, not the House journal. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1591", "text": "Printed remonstrances from the rest of Frederick, signed by hundreds, opposed \"the prayer of the petitioners from Berryville and its neighborhood.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1591-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation", "berryville" ], "establishes": "That the petition met an organized, printed opposition in its first session.", "limitations": "The remonstrance is an advocates' paper. Counted by this project from the scans: a name on more than one sheet is counted each time, sheets that are lost are not counted, and some signers lived outside the proposed county. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1592", "text": "The second petition, received December 4, 1834, was found \"Reasonable\" by the committee on January 21, 1835, and a bill was reported on February 12, 1835.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1592-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the committee approved the second petition too; the bill was then postponed on February 25, 1835.", "limitations": "From the clerk's docket on the petition, not the House journal. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1593", "text": "A census of the proposed county ordered by the legislature in 1835 and finished on November 30, 1835 counted 3,125 white people, 3,508 enslaved people and 160 free Black people, 6,793 in all. Its takers, Richard M. Sydnor and Wilford G. Settle, refused to count enslaved people hired out to masters outside the district.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1593-1", "E1593-2", "E1593-3", "E1593-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "The population of the proposed county on the eve of its creation, and that more of its people were enslaved than free.", "limitations": "The figures are Robert Page's sum in the margin of the return and Settle's corrected total; the return itself gives the white count as 3126 and its own total as 6783, and Settle had first reported 6569. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1594", "text": "In the session of 1835 and 1836 printed remonstrances opposed \"every division of the county, but most earnestly and emphatically\" the Battletown division, arguing that the wealth of Frederick lay \"in that corner of it where its population is not\" and that if the plan were dropped, \"our friends of the Battletown vicinity will be restored to a full participation in all the honors of the county.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1594-1", "E1594-2", "E1594-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "What the opponents of the third petition argued.", "limitations": "An advocates' paper; Battletown is its name for the Berryville district. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1595", "text": "The third petition, presented by Mr. Griggs and received December 9, 1835, was found \"Reasonable\" on January 29, 1836; the same day the committee rejected a remonstrance against the division of Frederick. A bill was reported on February 18, 1836.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the petitions and their dockets", "evidence_ids": [ "E1595-1", "E1595-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the committee approved the third petition and rejected the opposition's papers five weeks before the House passed the bill.", "limitations": "From the clerks' dockets on the petition and the remonstrance, not the House journal. Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-17", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1596", "text": "On March 12, 1836 the Alexandria Gazette reprinted a Richmond Courier report that the Senate had passed, \"by almost unanimous votes,\" the bill for a new county out of part of Frederick \"to be called Clark, in memory of George Rogers Clark,\" and the bill for a county out of parts of Shenandoah and Frederick \"to be called Warren, in remembrance of Gen. Warren.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: newspapers of the day", "evidence_ids": [ "E1596-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the new county's name was printed without the e in at least one report of the week it passed, and that the same report named the two new counties together.", "limitations": "A Richmond paper's report, reprinted; the Courier's own issue was not read. \"Yesterday\" is the Courier's, not the Gazette's. Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image of the Gazette, a digital reproduction; the source record lists the article as read from OCR, and this passage carries its own image check. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1597", "text": "The county government's brief history says Clarke County is named for George Rogers Clark, \"no “e”,\" a Virginian who became \"the highest-ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1597-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How the county itself gives the naming today, and that it spells the man without the e.", "limitations": "A government summary, not the act; it does not say where the county's e came from. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1598", "text": "Encyclopedia Virginia's entry on George Rogers Clark, by Donald W. Gunter, says he was born on November 19, 1752, near Charlottesville in Albemarle County, grew up on his family's farm in Caroline County, and died at Locust Grove, in Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1818.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by cited account", "evidence_ids": [ "E1598-1", "E1598-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "Where the man the county was named for came from: on this account he was neither born nor raised in the part of Frederick that became Clarke.", "limitations": "An edited reference entry that summarizes other scholarship; the places are its statements. The entry does not mention the county named for him. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1599", "text": "The session laws of 1835-36 print the act forming Clarke County as Chapter 19, \"Passed March 8, 1836\": the eastern part of Frederick \"shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Clarke county.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the printed session laws and House journal", "evidence_ids": [ "E1599-1", "E1599-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the county's name had the e in the act as the Commonwealth printed it.", "limitations": "The printed session laws, not the enrolled act. Read on HathiTrust's page image, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1600", "text": "The House journal records that when the bill forming a new county out of Frederick was read a third time, \"a blank therein was filled,\" and the bill passed, 84 to 29. It does not say what filled the blank or on whose motion.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the printed session laws and House journal", "evidence_ids": [ "E1600-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That the official record of the House is silent on who proposed the name.", "limitations": "The journal records motions and votes, not debate; the newspapers' report that the name was given at this stage is theirs. Read on HathiTrust's page image, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1601", "text": "Among the documents printed with the House journal of 1835-36, the commissioner of revolutionary claims reported on his duty \"to investigate and adjust the claims against the state of Virginia, for supplies in money or otherwise, made to the Illinois regiment, under the command of George Rogers Clark.\"", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported: the printed session laws and House journal", "evidence_ids": [ "E1601-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county", "county-formation" ], "establishes": "That Clark's Revolutionary War regiment was before the General Assembly in the same session that named the county.", "limitations": "The report deals with old debts of the Illinois regiment; it says nothing about the new county, and the record does not connect the two. Read on HathiTrust's page image, a digital reproduction. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-18", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1602", "text": "The Compendium of the Sixth Census, printed in 1841, gives Clarke County 6,353 people, and its twelve slave columns for the county add to 3,325: 1,771 male and 1,554 female. One enslaved woman is counted at 100 years or more.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E1602-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How many people were enslaved in Clarke County in 1840, by the federal government's own published count, and what share of the county they were.", "limitations": "The volume prints the slave columns by sex and age but no slave total; 3,325 and the totals by sex are the sums of its printed cells. This project's count of the schedules gives the same twelve figures. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1603", "text": "The Compendium of the Sixth Census gives Clarke County free colored persons in twelve columns that add to 161: 73 male and 88 female.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the federal census volume", "evidence_ids": [ "E1603-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How many free people of color the 1840 census counted in Clarke County.", "limitations": "The volume prints no free colored total; 161 is the sum of its cells, and this project's count of the schedules gives the same twelve figures. The census term is the census's. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1604", "text": "The six largest entries of enslaved people on the 1840 schedule for Clarke County are, as the census writes the heads: Philip Burwill, 90; John E Page Ex, 79; L Lewis, 74; Joseph Tuly, 73; Geo H Burwell, 68; and Nath Burwell Sen, 67. Every cell of Philip Burwill's line is a round 10 or 5.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the census schedule", "evidence_ids": [ "E1604-1", "E1604-2", "E1604-3", "E1604-4", "E1604-5", "E1604-6" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Which census lines held the most enslaved people in 1840, and that the largest of them is entered in round figures.", "limitations": "A line is a household on the census day under its head, not proof of ownership; \"Ex\" on John E Page's line usually stands for executor, and the words after it run past the column and were not read. Philip Burwill's round figures add up on the page but read as an estimate rather than a count. The names keep the census's spellings. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1605", "text": "On the 1840 schedule for Clarke County, the line of Fairfax Taylor lists 3 free colored persons and 5 slaves, 8 in all, and the line of Jacob Vanmeter 1 free colored person and 1 slave, 2 in all, with no white person on either; the line of James Murray lists 13 free colored persons and no one else.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the census schedule", "evidence_ids": [ "E1605-1", "E1605-2", "E1605-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That free people of color headed households in Clarke County in 1840, and that two such lines also list enslaved people.", "limitations": "The census does not say how the people on a line were related, or who among them was the head. Whether anyone else was on these lines rests on the line total as written. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-21", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1606", "text": "Joy MacDonald indexed every free Black person named on Clarke County's personal property tax lists from 1836 to 1862: 704 entries from 26 yearly lists, with 302 names as printed; there is no list for 1842. Most years had a separate list of free negroes. Another 91 free Black people are counted without names on the lines of 77 white taxpayers.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1606-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "How many free Black people the county's tax lists name, 1836 to 1862, and how the lists recorded them.", "limitations": "The counts are this project's count of MacDonald's entries. A name is not a person: one name in two years may be two people, and two spellings may be one. The lists name adults who owed tax and, in a few years, their children; they are not a census. MacDonald notes that some names were illegible. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1607", "text": "MacDonald opens her index with Robert Carter III, a landowner in the part of Frederick County that became Clarke, who she writes manumitted more than six hundred slaves over many years, and whose freed people she says played an important part in the growth of the community.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the compiler's introduction", "evidence_ids": [ "E1607-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Why the compiler of the tax-list index thought the county's free Black community began where it did.", "limitations": "This is the compiler's summary, not a reading of Carter's deed of manumission, which was not inspected. The tax lists do not say how any person on them became free, so no one on them is connected to Carter here. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1608", "text": "On the 1840 census for Clarke County, the households of Sylva Hall and Frank Irwin each list 10 free colored persons and no one else, Thos Gray's 8, John Clifton's and Hannah Robinson's 6 each, John Williams's 4, John Diggs's 3 and Bristo Smith's 2. Frank Irwin's household includes five girls under ten.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the census schedule and the county tax list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1608-1", "E1608-2", "E1608-3", "E1608-4", "E1608-5", "E1608-6", "E1608-7", "E1608-8" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That free people of color headed whole households in Clarke in 1840, who some of them were, and how large the households were.", "limitations": "The census names only the head; everyone else is a tally by sex and age, and the census does not say how they were related. Whether anyone else was on a line rests on its written total. The hand can be read Irwin or Irvin. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1609", "text": "The tax list of 1840 names James Murray, taxed on 2 horses; Frank Irvin; Silva Hall, with 2 tithables and 2 horses; Hannah Robinson, with 1 horse; John Clifton; John Diggs; Bristo Smith; and John Williams, with 2 horses.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1609-1", "E1609-2", "E1609-3", "E1609-4", "E1609-5", "E1609-6", "E1609-7", "E1609-8" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the heads of eight free colored households on the 1840 census are named, by the same or a close spelling, on the free Black tax list of the same year.", "limitations": "A matching name in two records of the same year is a strong lead that they mean the same person, not proof. The spellings differ: Irvin on the list and Irwin or Irvin on the census, Silva on the list and Sylva on the census. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1610", "text": "The tax list of 1840 counts one free Black person, without a name, on each of the lines of Algernon S Allen, Isaac Irving Hite, John Jolliffe, Richard MS Timberlake and John Wood, and the census of 1840 lists free colored persons in the households of A S Allen, Isaac I Hite, John Jolliffe, R M S Timberlake and John Wood: one each, and four in Timberlake's.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the census schedule and the county tax list", "evidence_ids": [ "E1610-1", "E1610-2", "E1610-3", "E1610-4", "E1610-5", "E1610-6", "E1610-7", "E1610-8", "E1610-9", "E1610-10" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That the two records of 1840 agree in placing free Black people in the same five white households.", "limitations": "Neither record names these people or says what they did in the household, whether they were paid, or how they were related to anyone there. The tax list counts only people of taxable age, which is why it can count fewer than the census. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1611", "text": "A few tax-list entries say where a person was: in 1843 a person named only Nanny is entered \"at BVille\"; in 1851 Nancy Robinson, 65, is entered \"with Mrs S R Page\"; and in 1850 Washington Newman is one of four people entered \"bound out\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1611-1", "E1611-2", "E1611-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What the tax lists say about where some free Black people lived, and that some were bound out.", "limitations": "BVille is most likely Berryville, but the entry does not spell it out. \"Bound out\" is the list's own phrase; the list does not say to whom, for how long, or why. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1612", "text": "The tax lists of 1851, 1860 and 1861 give 103 ages in years and 79 trades. Seventy of the trades are labourer; the others are blacksmith, carpenter and barber (two each), cooper, shoe maker and stone mason. Walter Howard, 60, is a blacksmith in 1861, and Robert Diggs, 22, a shoe maker in 1851, with the memo \"John Kable to pay\".", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1612-1", "E1612-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What work free Black people in Clarke did, as three of the tax lists record it.", "limitations": "Most lists give only an age band, so the trades come from three years. A trade on a tax list is what the commissioner wrote down, not a full account of a person's work. Twenty entries of 1843 and 1851 name someone else to pay the tax; the lists do not say why. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1613", "text": "In 1840 Kitty Wilkinson was taxed on 1 horse and a barouche valued at $20, and in 1836 Daniel Wilkerson on a carryall valued at $50 and 1 horse.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1613-1", "E1613-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That some free Black taxpayers in Clarke owned horses and carriages.", "limitations": "The lists record only taxable property; land was taxed on separate books, which were not read. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1614", "text": "Mowen Harris is on 21 of the 26 tax lists from 1836 to 1862 under that spelling, and as Mowan in 1848. In 1851 he is 41, a stone mason, taxed on 3 slaves over 16; in 1861 he is taxed on a horse, 2 cattle, 4 hogs, a clock and household and kitchen furniture valued at $50.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1614-1", "E1614-2", "E1614-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That one free Black man of Clarke can be followed through nearly the whole run of the tax lists, with his trade and property.", "limitations": "The same name over 27 years is very probably one man but is not proved by the lists. His printed ages do not quite agree: 41 in 1851, 50 in 1860 and 55 in 1861. In 1861 the name appears twice, once with property and once with an age and trade. The lists do not say whom he was taxed on. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1615", "text": "Nine names on Clarke's free Black tax lists were taxed on slaves between 1836 and 1851, among them Thomas Whiting, entered in 1836 with \"2 tithables, 4 slaves >12, 1 horse\", and Mowen Harris. The Code of Virginia of 1849, restating an act of the 1831-32 session cited in its margin, allowed a free negro to acquire a slave, except by inheritance, only if the slave was his husband, wife, parent or descendant.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the tax-list index and the statute book", "evidence_ids": [ "E1615-1", "E1615-2", "E1615-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That some free Black people in Clarke held slaves in law, and the limit the law put on whom they could acquire.", "limitations": "The lists give numbers, not names, so they cannot show whether these were family members held in law, as the statute's rule suggests some were. No deed or register was read for any of them. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1616", "text": "Thomas T. Byrd's will of February 16, 1840 frees Gabriel, and gives Ann Preston's children, Thomas Whiting called Tinko and Maria Louisa, to Samuel Wyman Jr. and his wife of Baltimore, to be freed at 25. The inventory of his estate that September lists Gabriel, Thomas Preston, about 10, and Anne Preston and her infant Maria as to be emancipated. The settlement recorded in 1845 says the Wymans took Thomas Whiting and Maria Louisa, Mrs. Ellen Buchanan took Ann Preston early in 1843, and Mrs. Maria C. Nicholas took the rest of the slaves at the end of 1843.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by abstracts of the county will books", "evidence_ids": [ "E1616-1", "E1616-2", "E1616-3", "E1616-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What one Clarke will promised the people it named, and what the settlement of the estate says happened to them.", "limitations": "These are Duncan's abstracts, not the will books. The will gives Ann Preston to Mrs. Buchanan while the inventory lists her to be emancipated; the abstracts do not explain the difference, or say whether anyone was freed later. Tinko was a child in 1840 and is not the Thomas Whiting of the tax lists. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1617", "text": "A man entered only as Gabriel, over 16, is on the tax list of 1841, taxed on 1 horse.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the index of the county tax lists", "evidence_ids": [ "E1617-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That a free man named Gabriel was in Clarke the year after Thomas T. Byrd's will freed a man of that name.", "limitations": "A single given name is a lead, not an identification; nothing in the list connects him to Byrd's estate. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1618", "text": "Other Clarke wills free people by name: Dr. Henry W. Snyder's of 1840 frees a man named James; Catharine Milton's of 1841, John and Robin Lovet; Samuel Bryarly's of 1844, a man named John; Elizabeth Crampton's of 1845, all her slaves at her son's death; John Richardson's of 1848, Aaron; Mary Howard's of 1850, Easter, Strother and Sarepta Jane; Elizabeth N. Carter's of 1854, a girl named Nancy; and Liney Littleton's of 1857, Fannda, with 21 acres and a house. The inventory of Mary Howard's estate in 1854 still lists Strother, Jane and two children, and Easter.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by abstracts of the county will books", "evidence_ids": [ "E1618-1", "E1618-2", "E1618-3", "E1618-4", "E1618-5", "E1618-6", "E1618-7", "E1618-8", "E1618-9" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That freeing people by will happened in Clarke through the whole period, and that a will's promise was not always kept at once.", "limitations": "These are Duncan's abstracts of the will books, which carry what she chose to carry. A will names whom it meant to free; it does not show that the person was freed, stayed in Virginia, or had leave to. Several were recorded years after they were written. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1619", "text": "Some Clarke wills tie freedom to leaving: Ann R. Page's of 1838 has Jack and Billy sent to Liberia; Frederick Clopton's of 1845 frees his slaves and wants them moved to Pennsylvania or another free state; Anna Mercer Harrison's of 1846 says they can be sent to Liberia; and Susan R. Page's codicil of 1858 has her servants hired out to raise money to send them to Liberia, or to stay with her children if they do not wish to go.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by abstracts of the county will books", "evidence_ids": [ "E1619-1", "E1619-2", "E1619-3", "E1619-4" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "That some Clarke owners who freed people expected or required them to leave Virginia.", "limitations": "These are Duncan's abstracts. Whether anyone named went to Liberia or Pennsylvania is not recorded in them. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1620", "text": "Under the act of January 25, 1806, as the Code of 1849 summarizes it, a slave freed afterward who stayed in Virginia more than twelve months forfeited the freedom and might be sold for the benefit of the county's poor. The Code of 1849 kept the rule: no one freed since May 1, 1806 could, after 21, stay in the state more than a year without permission, which a county court could grant only on proof of good character, to live in that county only.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the statute book", "evidence_ids": [ "E1620-1", "E1620-2", "E1620-3" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "What Virginia law required of people freed after 1806, the condition under which Clarke's free Black people of this period lived.", "limitations": "The statute says what the law required. How the Clarke County court applied it, and who in Clarke had leave to remain, would be in the court's order books, which were not read. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1621", "text": "The Code of 1849 required every commissioner of the revenue to return each year, with his book of personal property, a list of all free negroes in his district over twelve, with their names, sexes, ages and trades, and the clerk to post a copy at the courthouse door.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the statute book", "evidence_ids": [ "E1621-1" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "Why free Black people appear on lists of their own in the county's tax books.", "limitations": "The section restates an act of the 1830-31 session cited in its margin. Most of the Clarke lists give an age band rather than an age, and no trade, except in 1851, 1860 and 1861. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "C1622", "text": "The Code of 1849 required every free negro to be registered by the county clerk every five years, with name, age, colour, stature and any mark or scar, and to carry an attested copy; one over twelve found without it could be jailed, and if arrested a second time, punished with stripes.", "assessment": "supported", "assessment_label": "Supported by the statute book", "evidence_ids": [ "E1622-1", "E1622-2" ], "entity_ids": [ "clarke-county" ], "establishes": "The registration that the law required of every free Black person in Virginia.", "limitations": "Clarke's register of free negroes was not read for this story, and may not survive. The statute does not say how often the rule was enforced. No human historian has reviewed this claim.", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "asserts": "account_exists", "review": { "checked_by": "AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5)", "checked_on": "2026-10-26", "human_reviewed": false } } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "E01-1", "claim_id": "C01", "segment_id": "G02", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E02-1", "claim_id": "C02", "segment_id": "G01", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E03-1", "claim_id": "C03", "segment_id": "G03", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E03-2", "claim_id": "C03", "segment_id": "G04", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E04-1", "claim_id": "C04", "segment_id": "G13", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E05-1", "claim_id": "C05", "segment_id": "G14", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; 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Crown." }, { "id": "E905", "claim_id": "C703", "segment_id": "G778", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 9, 1922 tribute." }, { "id": "E906", "claim_id": "C704", "segment_id": "G779", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 9, 1922 obituary." }, { "id": "E907", "claim_id": "C705", "segment_id": "G780", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham." }, { "id": "E908", "claim_id": "C705", "segment_id": "G781", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of his church and burial." }, { "id": "E909", "claim_id": "C706", "segment_id": "G780", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham." }, { "id": "E910", "claim_id": "C707", "segment_id": "G780", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham." }, { "id": "E911", "claim_id": "C708", "segment_id": "G780", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Charles Lewis Willingham." }, { "id": "E912", "claim_id": "C709", "segment_id": "G782", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Wm. F. Pyle." }, { "id": "E913", "claim_id": "C710", "segment_id": "G782", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Wm. F. Pyle." }, { "id": "E914", "claim_id": "C711", "segment_id": "G782", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Wm. F. Pyle." }, { "id": "E915", "claim_id": "C712", "segment_id": "G782", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary of Wm. F. Pyle." }, { "id": "E916", "claim_id": "C713", "segment_id": "G783", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 23, 1922 obituary." }, { "id": "E917", "claim_id": "C714", "segment_id": "G784", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 7, 1922 obituary of M. W. Jones." }, { "id": "E918", "claim_id": "C714", "segment_id": "G785", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of survivors." }, { "id": "E919", "claim_id": "C714", "segment_id": "G786", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 21, 1922 resolution of the bank's directors." }, { "id": "E920", "claim_id": "C715", "segment_id": "G785", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 7, 1922 obituary of M. W. Jones." }, { "id": "E921", "claim_id": "C716", "segment_id": "G787", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 18, 1923 item." }, { "id": "E922", "claim_id": "C717", "segment_id": "G788", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 18, 1923 death notice of E. R. Curtis." }, { "id": "E923", "claim_id": "C718", "segment_id": "G789", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 20, 1923 obituary of William Andrew Johnston." }, { "id": "E924", "claim_id": "C719", "segment_id": "G790", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 25, 1923 item." }, { "id": "E925", "claim_id": "C719", "segment_id": "G791", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the service and burial." }, { "id": "E926", "claim_id": "C720", "segment_id": "G792", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 25, 1923 obituary of Charles Shumate." }, { "id": "E927", "claim_id": "C721", "segment_id": "G793", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 22, 1923 obituary of George H. Wright." }, { "id": "E928", "claim_id": "C721", "segment_id": "G794", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of his children." }, { "id": "E929", "claim_id": "C721", "segment_id": "G795", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 26, 1923 obituary of George Thomas Wright." }, { "id": "E930", "claim_id": "C722", "segment_id": "G796", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 22, 1923 obituary of Samuel J. Wiley." }, { "id": "E931", "claim_id": "C723", "segment_id": "G796", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 22, 1923 obituary of Samuel J. Wiley." }, { "id": "E932", "claim_id": "C724", "segment_id": "G797", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 22, 1923 obituary of Decatur Osburn." }, { "id": "E933", "claim_id": "C725", "segment_id": "G798", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 1, 1923 account of the life of John C. Rutherford." }, { "id": "E934", "claim_id": "C726", "segment_id": "G798", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 1, 1923 account of the life of John C. Rutherford." }, { "id": "E935", "claim_id": "C727", "segment_id": "G799", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 obituary of Isaac Bowman." }, { "id": "E936", "claim_id": "C727", "segment_id": "G800", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of his marriages and children." }, { "id": "E937", "claim_id": "C728", "segment_id": "G801", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 obituary of Miss Clara Tavenner." }, { "id": "E938", "claim_id": "C729", "segment_id": "G802", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 obituary of Miss Grace Lupton." }, { "id": "E939", "claim_id": "C730", "segment_id": "G802", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 obituary of Miss Grace Lupton." }, { "id": "E940", "claim_id": "C731", "segment_id": "G803", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 item." }, { "id": "E941", "claim_id": "C732", "segment_id": "G804", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 29, 1923 obituary of Fred N. Ryan." }, { "id": "E942", "claim_id": "C733", "segment_id": "G805", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 29, 1923 obituary of Fred N. Ryan." }, { "id": "E943", "claim_id": "C734", "segment_id": "G806", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 5, 1923 obituary of Delany C. Hoff." }, { "id": "E944", "claim_id": "C735", "segment_id": "G806", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 5, 1923 obituary of Delany C. Hoff." }, { "id": "E945", "claim_id": "C736", "segment_id": "G807", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 5, 1923 obituary of Isham Keith Briggs." }, { "id": "E946", "claim_id": "C736", "segment_id": "G808", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of his offices and farming." }, { "id": "E947", "claim_id": "C737", "segment_id": "G809", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 19, 1923 reprint." }, { "id": "E948", "claim_id": "C737", "segment_id": "G810", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of survivors." }, { "id": "E949", "claim_id": "C738", "segment_id": "G811", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 19, 1923 obituary of Isaac Myers." }, { "id": "E950", "claim_id": "C739", "segment_id": "G812", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 17, 1923 obituary of Mrs. George H. Carter." }, { "id": "E951", "claim_id": "C739", "segment_id": "G813", "role": "supports", "note": "The personal item in the same issue." }, { "id": "E952", "claim_id": "C740", "segment_id": "G814", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 31, 1923 obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell." }, { "id": "E953", "claim_id": "C740", "segment_id": "G815", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the funeral." }, { "id": "E954", "claim_id": "C741", "segment_id": "G814", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 31, 1923 obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell." }, { "id": "E955", "claim_id": "C742", "segment_id": "G814", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 31, 1923 obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell." }, { "id": "E956", "claim_id": "C743", "segment_id": "G814", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 31, 1923 obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell." }, { "id": "E957", "claim_id": "C744", "segment_id": "G816", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the drowning of Earnest Hillyard." }, { "id": "E958", "claim_id": "C745", "segment_id": "G816", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the drowning of Earnest Hillyard." }, { "id": "E959", "claim_id": "C746", "segment_id": "G816", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the drowning of Earnest Hillyard." }, { "id": "E960", "claim_id": "C747", "segment_id": "G817", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 5, 1923 obituary of Dr. Lawson B. Moore." }, { "id": "E961", "claim_id": "C748", "segment_id": "G818", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 12, 1923 obituary of John Thomas Huff." }, { "id": "E962", "claim_id": "C749", "segment_id": "G819", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 2, 1923 reprint." }, { "id": "E963", "claim_id": "C750", "segment_id": "G820", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 2, 1923 reprint of the obituary of John W. Boyd." }, { "id": "E964", "claim_id": "C751", "segment_id": "G821", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 16, 1923 obituary of Thomas Poston." }, { "id": "E965", "claim_id": "C752", "segment_id": "G822", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 16, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Martin Mallory." }, { "id": "E966", "claim_id": "C753", "segment_id": "G823", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 23, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker." }, { "id": "E967", "claim_id": "C754", "segment_id": "G823", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 23, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker." }, { "id": "E968", "claim_id": "C755", "segment_id": "G824", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 30, 1923 obituary of Charles F. Brown." }, { "id": "E969", "claim_id": "C756", "segment_id": "G825", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E970", "claim_id": "C756", "segment_id": "G826", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of his family." }, { "id": "E971", "claim_id": "C756", "segment_id": "G827", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the funeral." }, { "id": "E972", "claim_id": "C757", "segment_id": "G825", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E973", "claim_id": "C757", "segment_id": "G827", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the funeral." }, { "id": "E974", "claim_id": "C758", "segment_id": "G826", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E975", "claim_id": "C759", "segment_id": "G826", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E976", "claim_id": "C760", "segment_id": "G826", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E977", "claim_id": "C761", "segment_id": "G826", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 6, 1923 report of the death of Hugh Armel." }, { "id": "E978", "claim_id": "C762", "segment_id": "G828", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 20, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon." }, { "id": "E979", "claim_id": "C763", "segment_id": "G828", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 20, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon." }, { "id": "E980", "claim_id": "C764", "segment_id": "G828", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 20, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon." }, { "id": "E981", "claim_id": "C765", "segment_id": "G829", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 27, 1923 death notice of Charles Randolph Rosenberry." }, { "id": "E982", "claim_id": "C766", "segment_id": "G829", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 27, 1923 death notice of Charles Randolph Rosenberry." }, { "id": "E983", "claim_id": "C767", "segment_id": "G830", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 25, 1923 item." }, { "id": "E984", "claim_id": "C768", "segment_id": "G831", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 1, 1923 obituary of J. W. Parker." }, { "id": "E985", "claim_id": "C769", "segment_id": "G832", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 22, 1923 obituary of Downey Boyd." }, { "id": "E986", "claim_id": "C770", "segment_id": "G832", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 22, 1923 obituary of Downey Boyd." }, { "id": "E987", "claim_id": "C771", "segment_id": "G832", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 22, 1923 obituary of Downey Boyd." }, { "id": "E988", "claim_id": "C772", "segment_id": "G832", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 22, 1923 obituary of Downey Boyd." }, { "id": "E989", "claim_id": "C773", "segment_id": "G832", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 22, 1923 obituary of Downey Boyd." }, { "id": "E990", "claim_id": "C774", "segment_id": "G833", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 6, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss." }, { "id": "E991", "claim_id": "C775", "segment_id": "G833", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 6, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss." }, { "id": "E992", "claim_id": "C776", "segment_id": "G833", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 6, 1923 obituary of Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss." }, { "id": "E993", "claim_id": "C777", "segment_id": "G834", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 6, 1923 obituary of William Martin Bayliss." }, { "id": "E994", "claim_id": "C778", "segment_id": "G835", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 13, 1923 obituary of James F. Smith." }, { "id": "E995", "claim_id": "C779", "segment_id": "G836", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 20, 1923 obituary of Miss Mary Billmyre." }, { "id": "E996", "claim_id": "C780", "segment_id": "G837", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 13, 1921 wedding notice of Custis Lewin and Edith Hummer." }, { "id": "E997", "claim_id": "C781", "segment_id": "G837", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 13, 1921 wedding notice of Custis Lewin and Edith Hummer." }, { "id": "E998", "claim_id": "C782", "segment_id": "G838", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 13, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E999", "claim_id": "C783", "segment_id": "G839", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 24, 1921 wedding notice of Walter Hardesty and Alice N. Grant." }, { "id": "E1000", "claim_id": "C783", "segment_id": "G840", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1001", "claim_id": "C784", "segment_id": "G839", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 24, 1921 wedding notice of Walter Hardesty and Alice N. Grant." }, { "id": "E1002", "claim_id": "C784", "segment_id": "G840", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1003", "claim_id": "C785", "segment_id": "G841", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 10, 1921 wedding notice of George L. Ziler and Edna E. Shewbridge." }, { "id": "E1004", "claim_id": "C785", "segment_id": "G842", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of George S. Ziler and Edna Elizabeth Shewbridge, February 19, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1005", "claim_id": "C786", "segment_id": "G841", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 10, 1921 wedding notice of George L. Ziler and Edna E. Shewbridge." }, { "id": "E1006", "claim_id": "C786", "segment_id": "G842", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of George S. Ziler and Edna Elizabeth Shewbridge, February 19, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1007", "claim_id": "C787", "segment_id": "G843", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 31, 1921 item." }, { "id": "E1008", "claim_id": "C788", "segment_id": "G844", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 7, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1009", "claim_id": "C788", "segment_id": "G845", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Raleigh Colston Carter and Josephine Holladay, April 5, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1010", "claim_id": "C789", "segment_id": "G846", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 14, 1921 report of the wedding of Margaretta Colston Carper and Charles Campbell MacLeod." }, { "id": "E1011", "claim_id": "C789", "segment_id": "G847", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Charles Campbell MacLeod and Margaretta Colston Carper, July 6, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1012", "claim_id": "C790", "segment_id": "G846", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 14, 1921 report of the wedding of Margaretta Colston Carper and Charles Campbell MacLeod." }, { "id": "E1013", "claim_id": "C790", "segment_id": "G847", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Charles Campbell MacLeod and Margaretta Colston Carper, July 6, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1014", "claim_id": "C791", "segment_id": "G848", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 21, 1921 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1015", "claim_id": "C792", "segment_id": "G849", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 report of the wedding of Lucy Meredith Ginn and Verne R. Mason." }, { "id": "E1016", "claim_id": "C792", "segment_id": "G852", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Verne Rheen Mason, August 17, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1017", "claim_id": "C793", "segment_id": "G849", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 report of the wedding of Lucy Meredith Ginn and Verne R. Mason." }, { "id": "E1018", "claim_id": "C793", "segment_id": "G851", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the bride." }, { "id": "E1019", "claim_id": "C794", "segment_id": "G850", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 report of the wedding of Lucy Meredith Ginn and Verne R. Mason." }, { "id": "E1020", "claim_id": "C795", "segment_id": "G853", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1021", "claim_id": "C796", "segment_id": "G854", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 20, 1921 report of the wedding of Nancy Goodwin Williams and Tom Lewis Peyton." }, { "id": "E1022", "claim_id": "C796", "segment_id": "G855", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Tom Lewis Peyton and Nancy Goodwin Williams, October 15, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1023", "claim_id": "C797", "segment_id": "G854", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 20, 1921 report of the wedding of Nancy Goodwin Williams and Tom Lewis Peyton." }, { "id": "E1024", "claim_id": "C797", "segment_id": "G855", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Tom Lewis Peyton and Nancy Goodwin Williams, October 15, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1025", "claim_id": "C798", "segment_id": "G856", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 10, 1921 announcement." }, { "id": "E1026", "claim_id": "C798", "segment_id": "G857", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 17, 1921 report." }, { "id": "E1027", "claim_id": "C799", "segment_id": "G858", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 1, 1921 notice of the marriage of Joseph Edward Ritter and Irene Pine." }, { "id": "E1028", "claim_id": "C799", "segment_id": "G859", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Jos. Edward Ritter and Irene Pyne, November 30, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1029", "claim_id": "C800", "segment_id": "G858", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 1, 1921 notice of the marriage of Joseph Edward Ritter and Irene Pine." }, { "id": "E1030", "claim_id": "C800", "segment_id": "G859", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Jos. Edward Ritter and Irene Pyne, November 30, 1921, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1031", "claim_id": "C801", "segment_id": "G858", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 1, 1921 notice of the marriage of Joseph Edward Ritter and Irene Pine." }, { "id": "E1032", "claim_id": "C802", "segment_id": "G860", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 5, 1922 item." }, { "id": "E1033", "claim_id": "C803", "segment_id": "G861", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 notice of the marriage of Audrey Zombro and John Lanham." }, { "id": "E1034", "claim_id": "C804", "segment_id": "G861", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 notice of the marriage of Audrey Zombro and John Lanham." }, { "id": "E1035", "claim_id": "C805", "segment_id": "G862", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 notice of the marriage of Mary Elliotte and John Gore." }, { "id": "E1036", "claim_id": "C806", "segment_id": "G862", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 notice of the marriage of Mary Elliotte and John Gore." }, { "id": "E1037", "claim_id": "C807", "segment_id": "G862", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 notice of the marriage of Mary Elliotte and John Gore." }, { "id": "E1038", "claim_id": "C808", "segment_id": "G865", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 23, 1922 obituary of her mother, Mrs. J. Edward Barnett." }, { "id": "E1039", "claim_id": "C808", "segment_id": "G872", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 4, 1922 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1040", "claim_id": "C808", "segment_id": "G873", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Ambrose B. Hummer and Mabel J. Barnett, May 3, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1041", "claim_id": "C809", "segment_id": "G863", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 23, 1922 item." }, { "id": "E1042", "claim_id": "C809", "segment_id": "G864", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Wm. M. Struder and Carrie Mae Zombro, February 18, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1043", "claim_id": "C810", "segment_id": "G866", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 2, 1922 report of the wedding of Stella Augusta Trenary and Carl L. Wellinger." }, { "id": "E1044", "claim_id": "C810", "segment_id": "G868", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Carl L. Wellinger and Stella Augusta Trenary, February 24, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1045", "claim_id": "C811", "segment_id": "G866", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 2, 1922 report of the wedding of Stella Augusta Trenary and Carl L. Wellinger." }, { "id": "E1046", "claim_id": "C811", "segment_id": "G867", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the bride." }, { "id": "E1047", "claim_id": "C811", "segment_id": "G868", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Carl L. Wellinger and Stella Augusta Trenary, February 24, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1048", "claim_id": "C812", "segment_id": "G869", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 30, 1922 announcement of their engagement." }, { "id": "E1049", "claim_id": "C812", "segment_id": "G870", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 27, 1922 report of the wedding of Sophie Gieski Powers and John Davidson Rhodes." }, { "id": "E1050", "claim_id": "C812", "segment_id": "G871", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1051", "claim_id": "C813", "segment_id": "G869", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 30, 1922 announcement of their engagement." }, { "id": "E1052", "claim_id": "C813", "segment_id": "G870", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 27, 1922 report of the wedding of Sophie Gieski Powers and John Davidson Rhodes." }, { "id": "E1053", "claim_id": "C813", "segment_id": "G871", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1054", "claim_id": "C814", "segment_id": "G874", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 20, 1922 report of the wedding of Virginia Gaunt and Cornelius H. Webster." }, { "id": "E1055", "claim_id": "C814", "segment_id": "G875", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the wedding party." }, { "id": "E1056", "claim_id": "C814", "segment_id": "G876", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Cornelius H. Webster and Adelaide Virginia Gaunt, April 17, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1057", "claim_id": "C815", "segment_id": "G874", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 20, 1922 report of the wedding of Virginia Gaunt and Cornelius H. Webster." }, { "id": "E1058", "claim_id": "C815", "segment_id": "G875", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the groom." }, { "id": "E1059", "claim_id": "C815", "segment_id": "G876", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Cornelius H. Webster and Adelaide Virginia Gaunt, April 17, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1060", "claim_id": "C816", "segment_id": "G874", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 20, 1922 report of the wedding of Virginia Gaunt and Cornelius H. Webster." }, { "id": "E1061", "claim_id": "C817", "segment_id": "G877", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 20, 1922 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1062", "claim_id": "C818", "segment_id": "G878", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 27, 1922 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1063", "claim_id": "C819", "segment_id": "G879", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 4, 1922 item." }, { "id": "E1064", "claim_id": "C820", "segment_id": "G880", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 1, 1922 report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood." }, { "id": "E1065", "claim_id": "C820", "segment_id": "G882", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Arthur Ashwood and Naomi Webster Willingham, May 31, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1066", "claim_id": "C821", "segment_id": "G880", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 1, 1922 report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood." }, { "id": "E1067", "claim_id": "C821", "segment_id": "G882", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Arthur Ashwood and Naomi Webster Willingham, May 31, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1068", "claim_id": "C822", "segment_id": "G880", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 1, 1922 report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood." }, { "id": "E1069", "claim_id": "C822", "segment_id": "G881", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the wedding party." }, { "id": "E1070", "claim_id": "C823", "segment_id": "G881", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 1, 1922 report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood." }, { "id": "E1071", "claim_id": "C824", "segment_id": "G883", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 8, 1922 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1072", "claim_id": "C824", "segment_id": "G884", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the groom." }, { "id": "E1073", "claim_id": "C824", "segment_id": "G885", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Winter Bushong Sowers and Mary Foster Denny, June 7, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1074", "claim_id": "C825", "segment_id": "G886", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 15, 1922 report of the wedding of Evelyn Turpin and Sumner F. Dudley Walters." }, { "id": "E1075", "claim_id": "C825", "segment_id": "G887", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the ceremony." }, { "id": "E1076", "claim_id": "C825", "segment_id": "G888", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Sumner Francis Dudley Walters and Evelyn Nelson Turpin, June 14, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1077", "claim_id": "C826", "segment_id": "G886", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 15, 1922 report of the wedding of Evelyn Turpin and Sumner F. Dudley Walters." }, { "id": "E1078", "claim_id": "C826", "segment_id": "G887", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the ceremony." }, { "id": "E1079", "claim_id": "C826", "segment_id": "G888", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Sumner Francis Dudley Walters and Evelyn Nelson Turpin, June 14, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1080", "claim_id": "C827", "segment_id": "G889", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 22, 1922 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1081", "claim_id": "C827", "segment_id": "G890", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Alfred Moss Kerfoot and Ellen McGill Baker, June 21, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1082", "claim_id": "C828", "segment_id": "G891", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 19, 1922 announcement." }, { "id": "E1083", "claim_id": "C828", "segment_id": "G892", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the groom." }, { "id": "E1084", "claim_id": "C829", "segment_id": "G893", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 26, 1922 item." }, { "id": "E1085", "claim_id": "C830", "segment_id": "G894", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 30, 1922 notice of the marriage of William Johnson and Elsie Marie Jenkins." }, { "id": "E1086", "claim_id": "C830", "segment_id": "G895", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Wm. Orlan Johnson and Elsie Marie Jenkins, dated November 22, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1087", "claim_id": "C831", "segment_id": "G894", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 30, 1922 notice of the marriage of William Johnson and Elsie Marie Jenkins." }, { "id": "E1088", "claim_id": "C831", "segment_id": "G895", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Wm. Orlan Johnson and Elsie Marie Jenkins, dated November 22, 1922, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1089", "claim_id": "C832", "segment_id": "G896", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 10, 1923 personal item." }, { "id": "E1090", "claim_id": "C832", "segment_id": "G897", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 13, 1923 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1091", "claim_id": "C832", "segment_id": "G898", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Edwin Lynwood Yancey and Irene Wright, daughter of Arthur Wright, September 4, 1923, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1092", "claim_id": "C833", "segment_id": "G899", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 14, 1923 report of the wedding of Mary M. Shepherd and Earl Ray Smallwood." }, { "id": "E1093", "claim_id": "C833", "segment_id": "G900", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the groom." }, { "id": "E1094", "claim_id": "C834", "segment_id": "G900", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 14, 1923 report of the wedding of Mary M. Shepherd and Earl Ray Smallwood." }, { "id": "E1095", "claim_id": "C835", "segment_id": "G899", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 14, 1923 report of the wedding of Mary M. Shepherd and Earl Ray Smallwood." }, { "id": "E1096", "claim_id": "C835", "segment_id": "G900", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1097", "claim_id": "C836", "segment_id": "G899", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 14, 1923 report of the wedding of Mary M. Shepherd and Earl Ray Smallwood." }, { "id": "E1098", "claim_id": "C836", "segment_id": "G900", "role": "supports", "note": "Its account of the couple." }, { "id": "E1099", "claim_id": "C837", "segment_id": "G901", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the wedding of Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke." }, { "id": "E1100", "claim_id": "C837", "segment_id": "G902", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1101", "claim_id": "C838", "segment_id": "G901", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the wedding of Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke." }, { "id": "E1102", "claim_id": "C838", "segment_id": "G902", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1103", "claim_id": "C839", "segment_id": "G901", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the wedding of Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke." }, { "id": "E1104", "claim_id": "C839", "segment_id": "G902", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1105", "claim_id": "C840", "segment_id": "G901", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 28, 1923 report of the wedding of Virginia Chrismore and Ernest Locke." }, { "id": "E1106", "claim_id": "C840", "segment_id": "G902", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1107", "claim_id": "C841", "segment_id": "G903", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 23, 1923 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1108", "claim_id": "C842", "segment_id": "G904", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 18, 1923 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1109", "claim_id": "C843", "segment_id": "G905", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 15, 1923 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1110", "claim_id": "C844", "segment_id": "G906", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 6, 1923 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1111", "claim_id": "C845", "segment_id": "G907", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 13, 1923 notice of the marriage of Lennis Brown and Effie Butler." }, { "id": "E1112", "claim_id": "C845", "segment_id": "G908", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Linnis Brown and Effie Butler, December 8, 1923, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1113", "claim_id": "C846", "segment_id": "G907", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 13, 1923 notice of the marriage of Lennis Brown and Effie Butler." }, { "id": "E1114", "claim_id": "C846", "segment_id": "G908", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "Duncan's register entry for the marriage of Linnis Brown and Effie Butler, December 8, 1923, cited as a second record; the match is a proposal." }, { "id": "E1115", "claim_id": "C847", "segment_id": "G907", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 13, 1923 notice of the marriage of Lennis Brown and Effie Butler." }, { "id": "E1116", "claim_id": "C848", "segment_id": "G909", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 3, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1117", "claim_id": "C849", "segment_id": "G910", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 10, 1921 report of the death of William B. Crisp." }, { "id": "E1118", "claim_id": "C850", "segment_id": "G911", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 17, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1119", "claim_id": "C850", "segment_id": "G912", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 12, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1120", "claim_id": "C851", "segment_id": "G913", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 7, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1121", "claim_id": "C851", "segment_id": "G914", "role": "supports", "note": "The July 7, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1122", "claim_id": "C852", "segment_id": "G915", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 5, 1921 report." }, { "id": "E1123", "claim_id": "C853", "segment_id": "G916", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 5, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1124", "claim_id": "C854", "segment_id": "G917", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 19, 1921 local items." }, { "id": "E1125", "claim_id": "C855", "segment_id": "G918", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 19, 1921 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1126", "claim_id": "C856", "segment_id": "G919", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 2, 1921 local item." }, { "id": "E1127", "claim_id": "C856", "segment_id": "G920", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 obituary of Mrs. Mary V. Brown." }, { "id": "E1128", "claim_id": "C857", "segment_id": "G921", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 2, 1921 item." }, { "id": "E1129", "claim_id": "C858", "segment_id": "G922", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 9, 1921 obituary of Fenton P. Whiting." }, { "id": "E1130", "claim_id": "C858", "segment_id": "G923", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 11, 1921 report." }, { "id": "E1131", "claim_id": "C859", "segment_id": "G924", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 9, 1921 wedding notice." }, { "id": "E1132", "claim_id": "C860", "segment_id": "G925", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 30, 1921 local items." }, { "id": "E1133", "claim_id": "C861", "segment_id": "G926", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 18, 1921 personal items." }, { "id": "E1134", "claim_id": "C862", "segment_id": "G927", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1135", "claim_id": "C863", "segment_id": "G928", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 25, 1921 personal items." }, { "id": "E1136", "claim_id": "C864", "segment_id": "G929", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 15, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1137", "claim_id": "C864", "segment_id": "G930", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 15, 1921 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1138", "claim_id": "C865", "segment_id": "G931", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 17, 1921 report." }, { "id": "E1139", "claim_id": "C866", "segment_id": "G932", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 17, 1921 report." }, { "id": "E1140", "claim_id": "C867", "segment_id": "G934", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 24, 1921 local item." }, { "id": "E1141", "claim_id": "C868", "segment_id": "G933", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 24, 1921 report on the Game Commission's figures for Clarke." }, { "id": "E1142", "claim_id": "C869", "segment_id": "G933", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 24, 1921 report on the Game Commission's figures for Clarke." }, { "id": "E1143", "claim_id": "C870", "segment_id": "G933", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 24, 1921 report on the Game Commission's figures for Clarke." }, { "id": "E1144", "claim_id": "C871", "segment_id": "G933", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 24, 1921 report on the Game Commission's figures for Clarke." }, { "id": "E1145", "claim_id": "C872", "segment_id": "G935", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 1, 1921 obituary of Jacob H. Dutterer." }, { "id": "E1146", "claim_id": "C873", "segment_id": "G936", "role": "supports", "note": "The December 22, 1921 wedding report." }, { "id": "E1147", "claim_id": "C874", "segment_id": "G937", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 9, 1922 White Post news." }, { "id": "E1148", "claim_id": "C875", "segment_id": "G938", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 15, 1922 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1149", "claim_id": "C875", "segment_id": "G939", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 31, 1922 Minnie Wood letter." }, { "id": "E1150", "claim_id": "C875", "segment_id": "G940", "role": "supports", "note": "The September 20, 1923 Minnie Wood notes." }, { "id": "E1151", "claim_id": "C876", "segment_id": "G941", "role": "supports", "note": "The April 27, 1922 local item." }, { "id": "E1152", "claim_id": "C877", "segment_id": "G942", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 11, 1922 report of the Gardner building fire at White Post." }, { "id": "E1153", "claim_id": "C878", "segment_id": "G943", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 11, 1922 report of the Gardner building fire at White Post." }, { "id": "E1154", "claim_id": "C879", "segment_id": "G944", "role": "supports", "note": "The June 29, 1922 letter to the editor." }, { "id": "E1155", "claim_id": "C880", "segment_id": "G945", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 24, 1922 reunion report." }, { "id": "E1156", "claim_id": "C881", "segment_id": "G946", "role": "supports", "note": "The August 31, 1922 personal items." }, { "id": "E1157", "claim_id": "C882", "segment_id": "G947", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 25, 1923 notice of the death of Maggie Higgins Smith." }, { "id": "E1158", "claim_id": "C882", "segment_id": "G948", "role": "supports", "note": "The October 4, 1923 item." }, { "id": "E1159", "claim_id": "C883", "segment_id": "G949", "role": "supports", "note": "The February 1, 1923 anniversary report." }, { "id": "E1160", "claim_id": "C883", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1161", "claim_id": "C884", "segment_id": "G952", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 15, 1923 local item." }, { "id": "E1162", "claim_id": "C885", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1163", "claim_id": "C885", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1164", "claim_id": "C886", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1165", "claim_id": "C886", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1166", "claim_id": "C887", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1167", "claim_id": "C887", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1168", "claim_id": "C888", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1169", "claim_id": "C888", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1170", "claim_id": "C889", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers." }, { "id": "E1171", "claim_id": "C889", "segment_id": "G951", "role": "supports", "note": "Its list of guests from Berryville." }, { "id": "E1172", "claim_id": "C890", "segment_id": "G950", "role": "supports", "note": "The March 22, 1923 report of the silver wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. 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see limits." }, { "id": "E1296-1", "claim_id": "C1296", "segment_id": "G1394", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1297-1", "claim_id": "C1297", "segment_id": "G1395", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1298-1", "claim_id": "C1298", "segment_id": "G1396", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1299-1", "claim_id": "C1299", "segment_id": "G1397", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1300-1", "claim_id": "C1300", "segment_id": "G1398", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1301-1", "claim_id": "C1301", "segment_id": "G1399", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1302-1", "claim_id": "C1302", "segment_id": "G1400", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1303-1", "claim_id": "C1303", "segment_id": "G1401", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1304-1", "claim_id": "C1304", "segment_id": "G1402", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1305-1", "claim_id": "C1305", "segment_id": "G1403", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1306-1", "claim_id": "C1306", "segment_id": "G1404", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1307-1", "claim_id": "C1307", "segment_id": "G1405", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1308-1", "claim_id": "C1308", "segment_id": "G1406", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1309-1", "claim_id": "C1309", "segment_id": "G1407", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1310-1", "claim_id": "C1310", "segment_id": "G1408", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1311-1", "claim_id": "C1311", "segment_id": "G1409", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1312-1", "claim_id": "C1312", "segment_id": "G1410", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1313-1", "claim_id": "C1313", "segment_id": "G1411", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1314-1", "claim_id": "C1314", "segment_id": "G1412", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1315-1", "claim_id": "C1315", "segment_id": "G1413", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1316-1", "claim_id": "C1316", "segment_id": "G1414", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1316-2", "claim_id": "C1316", "segment_id": "G1415", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1317-1", "claim_id": "C1317", "segment_id": "G1416", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1318-1", "claim_id": "C1318", "segment_id": "G1417", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1319-1", "claim_id": "C1319", "segment_id": "G1418", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1319-2", "claim_id": "C1319", "segment_id": "G1419", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1319-3", "claim_id": "C1319", "segment_id": "G1420", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1320-1", "claim_id": "C1320", "segment_id": "G1421", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1321-1", "claim_id": "C1321", "segment_id": "G1422", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1322-1", "claim_id": "C1322", "segment_id": "G1423", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1323-1", "claim_id": "C1323", "segment_id": "G1424", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1324-1", "claim_id": "C1324", "segment_id": "G1425", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1325-1", "claim_id": "C1325", "segment_id": "G1426", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1325-2", "claim_id": "C1325", "segment_id": "G1427", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1326-1", "claim_id": "C1326", "segment_id": "G1428", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1327-1", "claim_id": "C1327", "segment_id": "G1429", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1328-1", "claim_id": "C1328", "segment_id": "G1430", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1328-2", "claim_id": "C1328", "segment_id": "G1431", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1329-1", "claim_id": "C1329", "segment_id": "G1432", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1330-1", "claim_id": "C1330", "segment_id": "G1433", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1331-1", "claim_id": "C1331", "segment_id": "G1434", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1332-1", "claim_id": "C1332", "segment_id": "G1435", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1333-1", "claim_id": "C1333", "segment_id": "G1436", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1334-1", "claim_id": "C1334", "segment_id": "G1437", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the stated source level; see limits." }, { "id": "E1335-1", "claim_id": "C1335", "segment_id": "G1438", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1336-1", "claim_id": "C1336", "segment_id": "G1439", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1337-1", "claim_id": "C1337", "segment_id": "G1440", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1338-1", "claim_id": "C1338", "segment_id": "G1441", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1339-1", "claim_id": "C1339", "segment_id": "G1442", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1340-1", "claim_id": "C1340", "segment_id": "G1443", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the nomination's own level; the underlying document was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1341-1", "claim_id": "C1341", "segment_id": "G1444", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1342-1", "claim_id": "C1342", "segment_id": "G1445", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1342-2", "claim_id": "C1342", "segment_id": "G1446", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1343-1", "claim_id": "C1343", "segment_id": "G1447", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1344-1", "claim_id": "C1344", "segment_id": "G1448", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1345-1", "claim_id": "C1345", "segment_id": "G1449", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1346-1", "claim_id": "C1346", "segment_id": "G1450", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1347-1", "claim_id": "C1347", "segment_id": "G1451", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1347-2", "claim_id": "C1347", "segment_id": "G1452", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1348-1", "claim_id": "C1348", "segment_id": "G1453", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1349-1", "claim_id": "C1349", "segment_id": "G1454", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1350-1", "claim_id": "C1350", "segment_id": "G1455", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1350-2", "claim_id": "C1350", "segment_id": "G1456", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1351-1", "claim_id": "C1351", "segment_id": "G1457", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1352-1", "claim_id": "C1352", "segment_id": "G1458", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1353-1", "claim_id": "C1353", "segment_id": "G1459", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1354-1", "claim_id": "C1354", "segment_id": "G1460", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1355-1", "claim_id": "C1355", "segment_id": "G1461", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1356-1", "claim_id": "C1356", "segment_id": "G1462", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1357-1", "claim_id": "C1357", "segment_id": "G1463", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1357-2", "claim_id": "C1357", "segment_id": "G1464", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1358-1", "claim_id": "C1358", "segment_id": "G1465", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1359-1", "claim_id": "C1359", "segment_id": "G1466", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1360-1", "claim_id": "C1360", "segment_id": "G1467", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1361-1", "claim_id": "C1361", "segment_id": "G1468", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1362-1", "claim_id": "C1362", "segment_id": "G1469", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1362-2", "claim_id": "C1362", "segment_id": "G1470", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1362-3", "claim_id": "C1362", "segment_id": "G1471", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1363-1", "claim_id": "C1363", "segment_id": "G1469", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1363-2", "claim_id": "C1363", "segment_id": "G1470", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1363-3", "claim_id": "C1363", "segment_id": "G1472", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1364-1", "claim_id": "C1364", "segment_id": "G1473", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1364-2", "claim_id": "C1364", "segment_id": "G1474", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1364-3", "claim_id": "C1364", "segment_id": "G1475", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1365-1", "claim_id": "C1365", "segment_id": "G1476", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1365-2", "claim_id": "C1365", "segment_id": "G1477", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1366-1", "claim_id": "C1366", "segment_id": "G1478", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1367-1", "claim_id": "C1367", "segment_id": "G1479", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1367-2", "claim_id": "C1367", "segment_id": "G1480", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1368-1", "claim_id": "C1368", "segment_id": "G1481", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1369-1", "claim_id": "C1369", "segment_id": "G1482", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1369-2", "claim_id": "C1369", "segment_id": "G1483", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1370-1", "claim_id": "C1370", "segment_id": "G1484", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1371-1", "claim_id": "C1371", "segment_id": "G1485", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1371-2", "claim_id": "C1371", "segment_id": "G1486", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1371-3", "claim_id": "C1371", "segment_id": "G1487", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1372-1", "claim_id": "C1372", "segment_id": "G1488", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1372-2", "claim_id": "C1372", "segment_id": "G1489", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1373-1", "claim_id": "C1373", "segment_id": "G1490", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1374-1", "claim_id": "C1374", "segment_id": "G1491", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1375-1", "claim_id": "C1375", "segment_id": "G1492", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1375-2", "claim_id": "C1375", "segment_id": "G1493", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1376-1", "claim_id": "C1376", "segment_id": "G1494", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1377-1", "claim_id": "C1377", "segment_id": "G1495", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited record says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the Thomas D. Gold of the other records. See limits." }, { "id": "E1378-1", "claim_id": "C1378", "segment_id": "G1496", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1378-2", "claim_id": "C1378", "segment_id": "G1497", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1378-3", "claim_id": "C1378", "segment_id": "G1499", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1378-4", "claim_id": "C1378", "segment_id": "G1500", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1378-5", "claim_id": "C1378", "segment_id": "G1502", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1379-1", "claim_id": "C1379", "segment_id": "G1498", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1380-1", "claim_id": "C1380", "segment_id": "G1496", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1380-2", "claim_id": "C1380", "segment_id": "G1497", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1380-3", "claim_id": "C1380", "segment_id": "G1499", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1380-4", "claim_id": "C1380", "segment_id": "G1501", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1380-5", "claim_id": "C1380", "segment_id": "G1502", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1381-1", "claim_id": "C1381", "segment_id": "G1498", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1382-1", "claim_id": "C1382", "segment_id": "G1496", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1382-2", "claim_id": "C1382", "segment_id": "G1497", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1382-3", "claim_id": "C1382", "segment_id": "G1499", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1382-4", "claim_id": "C1382", "segment_id": "G1501", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1382-5", "claim_id": "C1382", "segment_id": "G1502", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1383-1", "claim_id": "C1383", "segment_id": "G1498", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports what the cited page says (RECORD label); it does not by itself establish that the man is the one in the roll entry or that he lived in Clarke County. See limits." }, { "id": "E1384-1", "claim_id": "C1384", "segment_id": "G1503", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1384-2", "claim_id": "C1384", "segment_id": "G1504", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1385-1", "claim_id": "C1385", "segment_id": "G1505", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1385-2", "claim_id": "C1385", "segment_id": "G1506", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1386-1", "claim_id": "C1386", "segment_id": "G1507", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1386-2", "claim_id": "C1386", "segment_id": "G1508", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1387-1", "claim_id": "C1387", "segment_id": "G1509", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1388-1", "claim_id": "C1388", "segment_id": "G1510", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1389-1", "claim_id": "C1389", "segment_id": "G1511", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1390-1", "claim_id": "C1390", "segment_id": "G1512", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1391-1", "claim_id": "C1391", "segment_id": "G1513", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1391-2", "claim_id": "C1391", "segment_id": "G1514", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1392-1", "claim_id": "C1392", "segment_id": "G1515", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1392-2", "claim_id": "C1392", "segment_id": "G1516", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1392-3", "claim_id": "C1392", "segment_id": "G1517", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1393-1", "claim_id": "C1393", "segment_id": "G1518", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1393-2", "claim_id": "C1393", "segment_id": "G1519", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1394-1", "claim_id": "C1394", "segment_id": "G1520", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1394-2", "claim_id": "C1394", "segment_id": "G1521", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1394-3", "claim_id": "C1394", "segment_id": "G1522", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1395-1", "claim_id": "C1395", "segment_id": "G1523", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1395-2", "claim_id": "C1395", "segment_id": "G1524", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1395-3", "claim_id": "C1395", "segment_id": "G1525", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1396-1", "claim_id": "C1396", "segment_id": "G1526", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1397-1", "claim_id": "C1397", "segment_id": "G1527", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1398-1", "claim_id": "C1398", "segment_id": "G1528", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1399-1", "claim_id": "C1399", "segment_id": "G1529", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1400-1", "claim_id": "C1400", "segment_id": "G1530", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1400-2", "claim_id": "C1400", "segment_id": "G1531", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1401-1", "claim_id": "C1401", "segment_id": "G1532", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1401-2", "claim_id": "C1401", "segment_id": "G1533", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1401-3", "claim_id": "C1401", "segment_id": "G1534", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1402-1", "claim_id": "C1402", "segment_id": "G1535", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1403-1", "claim_id": "C1403", "segment_id": "G1536", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1404-1", "claim_id": "C1404", "segment_id": "G1537", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1405-1", "claim_id": "C1405", "segment_id": "G1538", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1405-2", "claim_id": "C1405", "segment_id": "G1539", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1405-3", "claim_id": "C1405", "segment_id": "G1540", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1406-1", "claim_id": "C1406", "segment_id": "G1541", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1406-2", "claim_id": "C1406", "segment_id": "G1542", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1407-1", "claim_id": "C1407", "segment_id": "G1543", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1407-2", "claim_id": "C1407", "segment_id": "G1544", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1408-1", "claim_id": "C1408", "segment_id": "G1545", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1408-2", "claim_id": "C1408", "segment_id": "G1546", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1409-1", "claim_id": "C1409", "segment_id": "G1547", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1410-1", "claim_id": "C1410", "segment_id": "G1548", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1411-1", "claim_id": "C1411", "segment_id": "G1549", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1411-2", "claim_id": "C1411", "segment_id": "G1550", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1411-3", "claim_id": "C1411", "segment_id": "G1551", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1412-1", "claim_id": "C1412", "segment_id": "G1552", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1412-2", "claim_id": "C1412", "segment_id": "G1553", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1413-1", "claim_id": "C1413", "segment_id": "G1554", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1413-2", "claim_id": "C1413", "segment_id": "G1555", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1413-3", "claim_id": "C1413", "segment_id": "G1556", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1414-1", "claim_id": "C1414", "segment_id": "G1557", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1414-2", "claim_id": "C1414", "segment_id": "G1558", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1415-1", "claim_id": "C1415", "segment_id": "G1559", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1416-1", "claim_id": "C1416", "segment_id": "G1560", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1416-2", "claim_id": "C1416", "segment_id": "G1561", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1417-1", "claim_id": "C1417", "segment_id": "G1562", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1418-1", "claim_id": "C1418", "segment_id": "G1563", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1418-2", "claim_id": "C1418", "segment_id": "G1564", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1418-3", "claim_id": "C1418", "segment_id": "G1565", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1419-1", "claim_id": "C1419", "segment_id": "G1566", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1419-2", "claim_id": "C1419", "segment_id": "G1567", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1420-1", "claim_id": "C1420", "segment_id": "G1568", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1420-2", "claim_id": "C1420", "segment_id": "G1569", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1421-1", "claim_id": "C1421", "segment_id": "G1570", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1421-2", "claim_id": "C1421", "segment_id": "G1571", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1421-3", "claim_id": "C1421", "segment_id": "G1572", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1421-4", "claim_id": "C1421", "segment_id": "G1573", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1421-5", "claim_id": "C1421", "segment_id": "G1574", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1422-1", "claim_id": "C1422", "segment_id": "G1575", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1422-2", "claim_id": "C1422", "segment_id": "G1576", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1422-3", "claim_id": "C1422", "segment_id": "G1577", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1422-4", "claim_id": "C1422", "segment_id": "G1578", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1423-1", "claim_id": "C1423", "segment_id": "G1579", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1424-1", "claim_id": "C1424", "segment_id": "G1580", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1424-2", "claim_id": "C1424", "segment_id": "G1581", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1425-1", "claim_id": "C1425", "segment_id": "G1582", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1425-2", "claim_id": "C1425", "segment_id": "G1583", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1425-3", "claim_id": "C1425", "segment_id": "G1584", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1425-4", "claim_id": "C1425", "segment_id": "G1585", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1426-1", "claim_id": "C1426", "segment_id": "G1586", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1426-2", "claim_id": "C1426", "segment_id": "G1587", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E1426-3", "claim_id": "C1426", "segment_id": "G1588", "role": "supports", "note": "Supports the claim at the cited book's own level; the underlying record was not read. See limits." }, { "id": "E605-1", "claim_id": "C605", "segment_id": "G1589", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E621-1", "claim_id": "C621", "segment_id": "G1591", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E662-1", "claim_id": "C662", "segment_id": "G1592", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E662-2", "claim_id": "C662", "segment_id": "G1593", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E669-1", "claim_id": "C669", "segment_id": "G1595", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E635-1", "claim_id": "C635", "segment_id": "G1596", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E554-1", "claim_id": "C554", "segment_id": "G1601", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E602-1", "claim_id": "C602", "segment_id": "G1605", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E631-1", "claim_id": "C631", "segment_id": "G1606", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E631-2", "claim_id": "C631", "segment_id": "G1607", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E752-1", "claim_id": "C752", "segment_id": "G1614", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E662-3", "claim_id": "C662", "segment_id": "G1594", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "The close of the August 31, 1922 obituary, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above: the marriage, the farm, the funeral and the burial. It adds to, and does not change, what the claim states." }, { "id": "E879-1", "claim_id": "C879", "segment_id": "G1598", "role": "supports", "note": "The rescue account in the letter, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E553-1", "claim_id": "C553", "segment_id": "G1600", "role": "supports", "note": "The headline over the list, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E631-3", "claim_id": "C631", "segment_id": "G1609", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "The speech given at the unveiling, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above. It adds to, and does not change, what the claim states." }, { "id": "E631-4", "claim_id": "C631", "segment_id": "G1610", "role": "supports", "note": "The report of the burial, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E631-5", "claim_id": "C631", "segment_id": "G1611", "role": "contextualizes", "note": "The guard of honor and the pallbearers at the funeral, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above. It adds to, and does not change, what the claim states." }, { "id": "E660-1", "claim_id": "C660", "segment_id": "G1612", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E783-1", "claim_id": "C783", "segment_id": "G1615", "role": "supports", "note": "The same passage, read from the page image and shown in the clipping above." }, { "id": "E1427-1", "claim_id": "C1427", "segment_id": "G1617", "role": "supports", "note": "The muster/re-enlistment card: company, officers, date." }, { "id": "E1427-2", "claim_id": "C1427", "segment_id": "G1618", "role": "supports", "note": "The Dec. 1862 regimental return: Signal Corps detachment." }, { "id": "E1427-3", "claim_id": "C1427", "segment_id": "G1619", "role": "supports", "note": "The May 1864 clothing receipt: back with the company before Trevilian Station." }, { "id": "E1428-1", "claim_id": "C1428", "segment_id": "G1620", "role": "supports", "note": "Nov. 1861 voucher, signed \"Jas Louis Ashby\"." }, { "id": "E1428-2", "claim_id": "C1428", "segment_id": "G1621", "role": "supports", "note": "1863 Signal Corps voucher, signed \"Lewis Ashby\"." }, { "id": "E1429-1", "claim_id": "C1429", "segment_id": "G1622", "role": "supports", "note": "The January 1864 forage requisition: \"Lewis Ashby\" in the body, \"Jas L Ashby\" in both signatures." }, { "id": "E1430-1", "claim_id": "C1430", "segment_id": "G1623", "role": "supports", "note": "The prisoner-of-war card: confined September 1862, paroled at Aiken's Landing, declared exchanged November 10, 1862." }, { "id": "E1430-2", "claim_id": "C1430", "segment_id": "G1624", "role": "supports", "note": "The November 1862 return: captured September 8 at Poolesville, Md., since exchanged." }, { "id": "E1430-3", "claim_id": "C1430", "segment_id": "G1625", "role": "supports", "note": "The horse claim: horse killed in action September 8, 1862 near Poolesville; appraised for Sergt. J. W. Ashby, Co. I; paid October 1863." }, { "id": "E1430-4", "claim_id": "C1430", "segment_id": "G1626", "role": "supports", "note": "The last muster card: enrolment at Conrad's Store, April 25, 1862; present April 30, 1864." }, { "id": "E1431-1", "claim_id": "C1431", "segment_id": "G1627", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\" (June 3, 1903)." }, { "id": "E1431-2", "claim_id": "C1431", "segment_id": "G1628", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\" (June 3, 1903)." }, { "id": "E1432-1", "claim_id": "C1432", "segment_id": "G1629", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Decoration at Green Hill\" (May 29, 1912)." }, { "id": "E1432-2", "claim_id": "C1432", "segment_id": "G1630", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Decoration at Green Hill\" (May 29, 1912)." }, { "id": "E1433-1", "claim_id": "C1433", "segment_id": "G1631", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\" (November 14, 1918)." }, { "id": "E1433-2", "claim_id": "C1433", "segment_id": "G1632", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\" (November 14, 1918)." }, { "id": "E1434-1", "claim_id": "C1434", "segment_id": "G1633", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\" (June 12, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1434-2", "claim_id": "C1434", "segment_id": "G1634", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\" (June 12, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1435-1", "claim_id": "C1435", "segment_id": "G1635", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\" (July 3, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1435-2", "claim_id": "C1435", "segment_id": "G1636", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\" (July 3, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1436-1", "claim_id": "C1436", "segment_id": "G1637", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\" (July 3, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1436-2", "claim_id": "C1436", "segment_id": "G1638", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\" (July 3, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1436-3", "claim_id": "C1436", "segment_id": "G1639", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\" (July 3, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1437-1", "claim_id": "C1437", "segment_id": "G1640", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\" (July 10, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1437-2", "claim_id": "C1437", "segment_id": "G1641", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\" (July 10, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1438-1", "claim_id": "C1438", "segment_id": "G1642", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ARMISTICE DAY MEETING\" (November 6, 1919)." }, { "id": "E1439-1", "claim_id": "C1439", "segment_id": "G1643", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Decoration Day in Historic Cemetery Will be Observed at 4 O’clock in The Afternoon—Flowers Will be Strewn Upon Graves . of Heroic and Beloved Dead.\" (June 3, 1920)." }, { "id": "E1440-1", "claim_id": "C1440", "segment_id": "G1644", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ARMISTICE DAY TO BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY\" (November 4, 1920)." }, { "id": "E1441-1", "claim_id": "C1441", "segment_id": "G1645", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\" (May 21, 1925)." }, { "id": "E1441-2", "claim_id": "C1441", "segment_id": "G1646", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\" (May 21, 1925)." }, { "id": "E1442-1", "claim_id": "C1442", "segment_id": "G1647", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\" (November 12, 1925)." }, { "id": "E1442-2", "claim_id": "C1442", "segment_id": "G1648", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\" (November 12, 1925)." }, { "id": "E1443-1", "claim_id": "C1443", "segment_id": "G1649", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\" (May 19, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1443-2", "claim_id": "C1443", "segment_id": "G1650", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\" (May 19, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1443-3", "claim_id": "C1443", "segment_id": "G1651", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\" (May 19, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1444-1", "claim_id": "C1444", "segment_id": "G1652", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\" (November 17, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1444-2", "claim_id": "C1444", "segment_id": "G1653", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\" (November 17, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1444-3", "claim_id": "C1444", "segment_id": "G1654", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\" (November 17, 1927)." }, { "id": "E1445-1", "claim_id": "C1445", "segment_id": "G1655", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\" (November 13, 1930)." }, { "id": "E1445-2", "claim_id": "C1445", "segment_id": "G1656", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\" (November 13, 1930)." }, { "id": "E1446-1", "claim_id": "C1446", "segment_id": "G1657", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\" (June 2, 1932)." }, { "id": "E1446-2", "claim_id": "C1446", "segment_id": "G1658", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\" (June 2, 1932)." }, { "id": "E1447-1", "claim_id": "C1447", "segment_id": "G1659", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"WOMAN’S AUXILIARY TO PRESENT FLAG\" (October 27, 1932)." }, { "id": "E1448-1", "claim_id": "C1448", "segment_id": "G1660", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"PAYS TRIBUTE TO 'REBEL' SOLDIERS\" (June 6, 1935)." }, { "id": "E1449-1", "claim_id": "C1449", "segment_id": "G1661", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\" (June 4, 1936)." }, { "id": "E1449-2", "claim_id": "C1449", "segment_id": "G1662", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\" (June 4, 1936)." }, { "id": "E1450-1", "claim_id": "C1450", "segment_id": "G1663", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\" (November 17, 1938)." }, { "id": "E1450-2", "claim_id": "C1450", "segment_id": "G1664", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\" (November 17, 1938)." }, { "id": "E1451-1", "claim_id": "C1451", "segment_id": "G1665", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ARMISTICE DAY, 1941\" (November 6, 1941)." }, { "id": "E1452-1", "claim_id": "C1452", "segment_id": "G1666", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"ARMISTICE DAY\" (November 5, 1942)." }, { "id": "E1453-1", "claim_id": "C1453", "segment_id": "G1667", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\" (June 3, 1943)." }, { "id": "E1453-2", "claim_id": "C1453", "segment_id": "G1668", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\" (June 3, 1943)." }, { "id": "E1454-1", "claim_id": "C1454", "segment_id": "G1669", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\" (November 4, 1943)." }, { "id": "E1454-2", "claim_id": "C1454", "segment_id": "G1670", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\" (November 4, 1943)." }, { "id": "E1455-1", "claim_id": "C1455", "segment_id": "G1671", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"THE BOND RALLY AND CELEBRATION\" (November 15, 1945)." }, { "id": "E1456-1", "claim_id": "C1456", "segment_id": "G1672", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\" (May 30, 1946)." }, { "id": "E1456-2", "claim_id": "C1456", "segment_id": "G1673", "role": "supports", "note": "The passage in \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\" (May 30, 1946)." }, { "id": "E1457-1", "claim_id": "C1457", "segment_id": "G1607", "role": "supports", "note": "The opening of the report: more than 600 at Stone's Chapel." }, { "id": "E1457-2", "claim_id": "C1457", "segment_id": "G1674", "role": "supports", "note": "The inscription as printed, read on the page image, naming the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post." }, { "id": "E1458-1", "claim_id": "C1458", "segment_id": "G1675", "role": "supports", "note": "The Clarke Guards of 1859." }, { "id": "E1458-2", "claim_id": "C1458", "segment_id": "G1676", "role": "supports", "note": "Reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, Co. I." }, { "id": "E1459-1", "claim_id": "C1459", "segment_id": "G1678", "role": "supports", "note": "Kerfoot's warning." }, { "id": "E1459-2", "claim_id": "C1459", "segment_id": "G1679", "role": "supports", "note": "Moore's orders." }, { "id": "E1460-1", "claim_id": "C1460", "segment_id": "G1680", "role": "supports", "note": "The column's list of commanders." }, { "id": "E1460-2", "claim_id": "C1460", "segment_id": "G1686", "role": "supports", "note": "The letter's founder, \"Capt. S. H. Bowen.\"" }, { "id": "E1461-1", "claim_id": "C1461", "segment_id": "G1682", "role": "supports", "note": "Birth and war service." }, { "id": "E1461-2", "claim_id": "C1461", "segment_id": "G1683", "role": "supports", "note": "The capture of John Brown." }, { "id": "E1461-3", "claim_id": "C1461", "segment_id": "G1684", "role": "supports", "note": "The hanging and the coffin." }, { "id": "E1461-4", "claim_id": "C1461", "segment_id": "G1685", "role": "supports", "note": "Burial at Green Hill." }, { "id": "E1462-1", "claim_id": "C1462", "segment_id": "G1677", "role": "supports", "note": "Two of the company dead within days." }, { "id": "E1462-2", "claim_id": "C1462", "segment_id": "G1686", "role": "supports", "note": "Arrival in Berryville and enlistment." }, { "id": "E1462-3", "claim_id": "C1462", "segment_id": "G1687", "role": "supports", "note": "Never wounded or taken." }, { "id": "E1463-1", "claim_id": "C1463", "segment_id": "G1688", "role": "supports", "note": "His promotions." }, { "id": "E1463-2", "claim_id": "C1463", "segment_id": "G1689", "role": "supports", "note": "The Clarke Journal after the war." }, { "id": "E1464-1", "claim_id": "C1464", "segment_id": "G1690", "role": "supports", "note": "From Indiana to the company." }, { "id": "E1464-2", "claim_id": "C1464", "segment_id": "G1691", "role": "supports", "note": "Kernstown and Cedar Run." }, { "id": "E1465-1", "claim_id": "C1465", "segment_id": "G1692", "role": "supports", "note": "The closing line." }, { "id": "E1466-1", "claim_id": "C1466", "segment_id": "G1698", "role": "supports", "note": "His death." }, { "id": "E1466-2", "claim_id": "C1466", "segment_id": "G1693", "role": "supports", "note": "Boatman and volunteer." }, { "id": "E1466-3", "claim_id": "C1466", "segment_id": "G1694", "role": "supports", "note": "The Bloody Angle and the escape." }, { "id": "E1466-4", "claim_id": "C1466", "segment_id": "G1695", "role": "supports", "note": "The last charge at Petersburg." }, { "id": "E1467-1", "claim_id": "C1467", "segment_id": "G1696", "role": "supports", "note": "Two men, as the tribute gives it." }, { "id": "E1467-2", "claim_id": "C1467", "segment_id": "G1681", "role": "complicates", "note": "Four, as the column gives it." }, { "id": "E1468-1", "claim_id": "C1468", "segment_id": "G1697", "role": "supports", "note": "His work after the war." }, { "id": "E1469-1", "claim_id": "C1469", "segment_id": "G1699", "role": "supports", "note": "Co. I and the second death." }, { "id": "E1469-2", "claim_id": "C1469", "segment_id": "G1700", "role": "supports", "note": "Gold's remark." }, { "id": "E1469-3", "claim_id": "C1469", "segment_id": "G1701", "role": "supports", "note": "Born near Paris; the Mt. Weather land." }, { "id": "E1469-4", "claim_id": "C1469", "segment_id": "G1702", "role": "supports", "note": "The cottage on the Bluemont pike." }, { "id": "E1470-1", "claim_id": "C1470", "segment_id": "G1703", "role": "supports", "note": "The opening sentence of \"Churches in War Time.\"" }, { "id": "E1471-1", "claim_id": "C1471", "segment_id": "G1713", "role": "supports", "note": "The flag and its eight names." }, { "id": "E1471-2", "claim_id": "C1471", "segment_id": "G1714", "role": "supports", "note": "Received for the church." }, { "id": "E1471-3", "claim_id": "C1471", "segment_id": "G1715", "role": "supports", "note": "The pastor's address." }, { "id": "E1472-1", "claim_id": "C1472", "segment_id": "G1716", "role": "supports", "note": "The date." }, { "id": "E1472-2", "claim_id": "C1472", "segment_id": "G1717", "role": "supports", "note": "The church's 13 men." }, { "id": "E1473-1", "claim_id": "C1473", "segment_id": "G1718", "role": "supports", "note": "The gathering." }, { "id": "E1473-2", "claim_id": "C1473", "segment_id": "G1719", "role": "supports", "note": "Baptized in Grace Church." }, { "id": "E1473-3", "claim_id": "C1473", "segment_id": "G1720", "role": "supports", "note": "Bean's poem." }, { "id": "E1474-1", "claim_id": "C1474", "segment_id": "G1721", "role": "supports", "note": "The rector's wording." }, { "id": "E1474-2", "claim_id": "C1474", "segment_id": "G1731", "role": "supports", "note": "The tablet's wording." }, { "id": "E1475-1", "claim_id": "C1475", "segment_id": "G1722", "role": "supports", "note": "Off to training." }, { "id": "E1475-2", "claim_id": "C1475", "segment_id": "G1723", "role": "supports", "note": "Came to Grace Church in May." }, { "id": "E1475-3", "claim_id": "C1475", "segment_id": "G1724", "role": "supports", "note": "Back from France." }, { "id": "E1475-4", "claim_id": "C1475", "segment_id": "G1725", "role": "supports", "note": "The reception." }, { "id": "E1475-5", "claim_id": "C1475", "segment_id": "G1704", "role": "supports", "note": "The Commission's \"chaplain with the Second Corps.\"" }, { "id": "E1476-1", "claim_id": "C1476", "segment_id": "G1726", "role": "supports", "note": "His parishes and his post." }, { "id": "E1476-2", "claim_id": "C1476", "segment_id": "G1727", "role": "supports", "note": "Wounded in France." }, { "id": "E1476-3", "claim_id": "C1476", "segment_id": "G1728", "role": "supports", "note": "Three sermons in a day." }, { "id": "E1477-1", "claim_id": "C1477", "segment_id": "G1729", "role": "supports", "note": "The tablet and its place." }, { "id": "E1477-2", "claim_id": "C1477", "segment_id": "G1730", "role": "supports", "note": "The inscription's dates." }, { "id": "E1477-3", "claim_id": "C1477", "segment_id": "G1732", "role": "supports", "note": "Erected by his family." }, { "id": "E1477-4", "claim_id": "C1477", "segment_id": "G1706", "role": "supports", "note": "The unveiling service." }, { "id": "E1478-1", "claim_id": "C1478", "segment_id": "G1733", "role": "supports", "note": "The gift and the two sons." }, { "id": "E1478-2", "claim_id": "C1478", "segment_id": "G1734", "role": "supports", "note": "The Parish Call on it." }, { "id": "E1479-1", "claim_id": "C1479", "segment_id": "G1704", "role": "supports", "note": "Grace Church." }, { "id": "E1479-2", "claim_id": "C1479", "segment_id": "G1707", "role": "supports", "note": "Cunningham Chapel Parish's count." }, { "id": "E1479-3", "claim_id": "C1479", "segment_id": "G1708", "role": "supports", "note": "Its names." }, { "id": "E1479-4", "claim_id": "C1479", "segment_id": "G1711", "role": "supports", "note": "The Methodist names." }, { "id": "E1480-1", "claim_id": "C1480", "segment_id": "G1705", "role": "supports", "note": "The children's procession." }, { "id": "E1480-2", "claim_id": "C1480", "segment_id": "G1709", "role": "supports", "note": "Millwood's bonds and relief." }, { "id": "E1480-3", "claim_id": "C1480", "segment_id": "G1710", "role": "supports", "note": "The Methodist flag and Red Cross 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Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds\"." }, { "id": "E1549-1", "claim_id": "C1549", "segment_id": "G1884", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 10, \"One Year Ago\" column." }, { "id": "E1550-1", "claim_id": "C1550", "segment_id": "G1885", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 11, \"One Year Ago\" column." }, { "id": "E1551-1", "claim_id": "C1551", "segment_id": "G1886", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 1, \"Report Of War Department Lists 9 Killed In Action And 11 Died In Non-Action\"." }, { "id": "E1551-2", "claim_id": "C1551", "segment_id": "G1887", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 16, \"26 County Men\" (continued from page 1)." }, { "id": "E1552-1", "claim_id": "C1552", "segment_id": "G1888", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 13, \"Three Years Ago\" column." }, { "id": "E1553-1", "claim_id": "C1553", "segment_id": "G1889", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred\"." }, { "id": "E1553-2", "claim_id": "C1553", "segment_id": "G1890", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred\"." }, { "id": "E1554-1", "claim_id": "C1554", "segment_id": "G1897", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of Samuel Ritter." }, { "id": "E1555-1", "claim_id": "C1555", "segment_id": "G1896", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of Samuel Ritter." }, { "id": "E1556-1", "claim_id": "C1556", "segment_id": "G1904", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1556-2", "claim_id": "C1556", "segment_id": "G1906", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1556-3", "claim_id": "C1556", "segment_id": "G1907", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1557-1", "claim_id": "C1557", "segment_id": "G1908", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1558-1", "claim_id": "C1558", "segment_id": "G1905", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1558-2", "claim_id": "C1558", "segment_id": "G1909", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"." }, { "id": "E1559-1", "claim_id": "C1559", "segment_id": "G1899", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell." }, { "id": "E1559-2", "claim_id": "C1559", "segment_id": "G1901", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell." }, { "id": "E1560-1", "claim_id": "C1560", "segment_id": "G1898", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell." }, { "id": "E1560-2", "claim_id": "C1560", "segment_id": "G1900", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell." }, { "id": "E1561-1", "claim_id": "C1561", "segment_id": "G1903", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, the death notice of Thomas J. Russell." }, { "id": "E1562-1", "claim_id": "C1562", "segment_id": "G1902", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, the death notice of Thomas J. Russell." }, { "id": "E1563-1", "claim_id": "C1563", "segment_id": "G1895", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"." }, { "id": "E1564-1", "claim_id": "C1564", "segment_id": "G1891", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"." }, { "id": "E1564-2", "claim_id": "C1564", "segment_id": "G1892", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"." }, { "id": "E1564-3", "claim_id": "C1564", "segment_id": "G1893", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"." }, { "id": "E1564-4", "claim_id": "C1564", "segment_id": "G1894", "role": "supports", "note": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"." }, { "id": "E1565-1", "claim_id": "C1565", "segment_id": "G1599", "role": "supports", "note": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 29, 1922, page 4 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), letter \"Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal\", last lines." }, { "id": "E1566-1", "claim_id": "C1566", "segment_id": "G1603", "role": "supports", "note": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, report \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\", citations, the passage beginning \"-tection and also destroyed two of...\"." }, { "id": "E1567-1", "claim_id": "C1567", "segment_id": "G1910", "role": "supports", "note": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; the January 1864 Requisition for Forage for Public Horses [No. 32], page 15 of 23 within the file." }, { "id": "E553-2", "claim_id": "C553", "segment_id": "G1604", "role": "supports", "note": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, report \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\", citations, the passage beginning \"William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd...\"." }, { "id": "E1568-1", "claim_id": "C1568", "segment_id": "G1911", "role": "supports", "note": "Duncan's entry: Page 38, entry for Nancy Edwards, died 23 Dec 1853." }, { "id": "E1569-1", "claim_id": "C1569", "segment_id": "G1912", "role": "supports", "note": "Duncan's entry: Page 38, entry for Sarah F. Edwards, died 30 Dec 1853." }, { "id": "E1570-1", "claim_id": "C1570", "segment_id": "G1913", "role": "supports", "note": "Duncan's entry: Page 161, entry under Nancy Allen, owner, for a death of 1 Feb 1853." }, { "id": "E1571-1", "claim_id": "C1571", "segment_id": "G1914", "role": "supports", "note": "Duncan's entry: Page 6, entry for Silas William Ball, died 14 Nov 1887." }, { "id": "E1572-1", "claim_id": "C1572", "segment_id": "G1915", "role": "supports", "note": "Duncan's entry: Page 40, entry for Robert Elwell, died 1 Jul 1894." }, { "id": "E1573-1", "claim_id": "C1573", "segment_id": "G1916", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 3, NEW COUNTIES." }, { "id": "E1574-1", "claim_id": "C1574", "segment_id": "G1917", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 1, the petition, the commissioner of the revenue's count." }, { "id": "E1575-1", "claim_id": "C1575", "segment_id": "G1918", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 1, the petition, on the new court-house and jail." }, { "id": "E1576-1", "claim_id": "C1576", "segment_id": "G1919", "role": "supports", "note": "Political Arena, Page 2, House of Delegates, Tuesday, January 14." }, { "id": "E1577-1", "claim_id": "C1577", "segment_id": "G1920", "role": "supports", "note": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Page 2, letter against division, ending with OLD FREDERICK." }, { "id": "E1577-2", "claim_id": "C1577", "segment_id": "G1921", "role": "supports", "note": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Page 2, letter headed TO THE VOTERS OF FREDERICK COUNTY, for division." }, { "id": "E1578-1", "claim_id": "C1578", "segment_id": "G1922", "role": "supports", "note": "Genius of Liberty, Page 2, the Frederick election." }, { "id": "E1579-1", "claim_id": "C1579", "segment_id": "G1923", "role": "supports", "note": "Alexandria Gazette, Page 3, the House of Delegates, credited to the Richmond Compiler." }, { "id": "E1579-2", "claim_id": "C1579", "segment_id": "G1924", "role": "supports", "note": "Alexandria Gazette, Page 3, the House of Delegates, credited to the Richmond Compiler." }, { "id": "E1580-1", "claim_id": "C1580", "segment_id": "G1925", "role": "supports", "note": "Genius of Liberty, Page 2, House of Delegates, the day before Thursday, February 26." }, { "id": "E1580-2", "claim_id": "C1580", "segment_id": "G1926", "role": "supports", "note": "Genius of Liberty, Page 2, House of Delegates, the day before Thursday, February 26." }, { "id": "E1581-1", "claim_id": "C1581", "segment_id": "G1927", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, Frederick County returns, from the last Winchester Virginian." }, { "id": "E1582-1", "claim_id": "C1582", "segment_id": "G1928", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, Richmond correspondence." }, { "id": "E1583-1", "claim_id": "C1583", "segment_id": "G1929", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5." }, { "id": "E1583-2", "claim_id": "C1583", "segment_id": "G1931", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5." }, { "id": "E1583-3", "claim_id": "C1583", "segment_id": "G1932", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, the vote on the bill, totals." }, { "id": "E1583-4", "claim_id": "C1583", "segment_id": "G1933", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, the vote on the bill, totals." }, { "id": "E1584-1", "claim_id": "C1584", "segment_id": "G1930", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5." }, { "id": "E1584-2", "claim_id": "C1584", "segment_id": "G1935", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 3, the two new counties." }, { "id": "E1585-1", "claim_id": "C1585", "segment_id": "G1934", "role": "supports", "note": "Richmond Enquirer, Page 3, the Senate." }, { "id": "E1585-2", "claim_id": "C1585", "segment_id": "G1936", "role": "supports", "note": "Political Arena, Page 2, NEW COUNTIES." }, { "id": "E1586-1", "claim_id": "C1586", "segment_id": "G1937", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, the act forming Clarke County." }, { "id": "E1587-1", "claim_id": "C1587", "segment_id": "G1938", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, the first court." }, { "id": "E1587-2", "claim_id": "C1587", "segment_id": "G1939", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, the first court." }, { "id": "E1588-1", "claim_id": "C1588", "segment_id": "G1940", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, CLARKE ELECTION." }, { "id": "E1588-2", "claim_id": "C1588", "segment_id": "G1941", "role": "supports", "note": "Virginia Free Press, Page 2, CLARKE ELECTION." }, { "id": "E1589-1", "claim_id": "C1589", "segment_id": "G1942", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_021, Scan page 5, the pamphlet's title page." }, { "id": "E1589-2", "claim_id": "C1589", "segment_id": "G1944", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_028, Scan page 4, the first signatures, bracketed \"Magistrates\"." }, { "id": "E1590-1", "claim_id": "C1590", "segment_id": "G1943", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_021, Scan page 19, the docket on the pamphlet's cover." }, { "id": "E1591-1", "claim_id": "C1591", "segment_id": "G1945", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_022, Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance." }, { "id": "E1592-1", "claim_id": "C1592", "segment_id": "G1946", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_035, Scan page 14, the docket." }, { "id": "E1593-1", "claim_id": "C1593", "segment_id": "G1955", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_053, Scan page 1, the census return, its opening." }, { "id": "E1593-2", "claim_id": "C1593", "segment_id": "G1947", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_053, Scan page 1, Robert Page's sum in the margin." }, { "id": "E1593-3", "claim_id": "C1593", "segment_id": "G1948", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_053, Scan page 1, the census return." }, { "id": "E1593-4", "claim_id": "C1593", "segment_id": "G1949", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_049, Scan page 36, Wilford G. Settle to Robert Page, Winchester, November 30, 1835." }, { "id": "E1594-1", "claim_id": "C1594", "segment_id": "G1950", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_051, Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance." }, { "id": "E1594-2", "claim_id": "C1594", "segment_id": "G1951", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_051, Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance." }, { "id": "E1594-3", "claim_id": "C1594", "segment_id": "G1952", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_051, Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance, its closing." }, { "id": "E1595-1", "claim_id": "C1595", "segment_id": "G1953", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_049, Scan page 31, the docket." }, { "id": "E1595-2", "claim_id": "C1595", "segment_id": "G1954", "role": "supports", "note": "Library of Virginia, file 045_083_058, Scan page 3, the docket." }, { "id": "E1596-1", "claim_id": "C1596", "segment_id": "G1956", "role": "supports", "note": "Alexandria Gazette, Page 3, the Senate, credited to the Richmond Courier." }, { "id": "E1597-1", "claim_id": "C1597", "segment_id": "G1957", "role": "supports", "note": "Clarke County government, Opening paragraph, after the date the county was established." }, { "id": "E1598-1", "claim_id": "C1598", "segment_id": "G1958", "role": "supports", "note": "Donald W. Gunter, Encyclopedia Virginia, Early Years." }, { "id": "E1598-2", "claim_id": "C1598", "segment_id": "G1959", "role": "supports", "note": "Donald W. Gunter, Encyclopedia Virginia, Summary." }, { "id": "E1599-1", "claim_id": "C1599", "segment_id": "G1960", "role": "supports", "note": "General Assembly of Virginia, Page 20, Chap. 19, heading." }, { "id": "E1599-2", "claim_id": "C1599", "segment_id": "G1961", "role": "supports", "note": "General Assembly of Virginia, Page 20, Chap. 19, section 1." }, { "id": "E1600-1", "claim_id": "C1600", "segment_id": "G1962", "role": "supports", "note": "House of Delegates of Virginia, Page 194, the third reading of the Frederick bill." }, { "id": "E1601-1", "claim_id": "C1601", "segment_id": "G1963", "role": "supports", "note": "House of Delegates of Virginia, Page Doc. No. 6, 3, report of the commissioner of revolutionary claims, his fourth duty." }, { "id": "E1602-1", "claim_id": "C1602", "segment_id": "G1964", "role": "supports", "note": "United States Department of State, Page 38, Virginia, Western District, slaves and total, row Clarke." }, { "id": "E1603-1", "claim_id": "C1603", "segment_id": "G1965", "role": "supports", "note": "United States Department of State, Page 37, Virginia, Western District, free colored persons, row Clarke." }, { "id": "E1604-1", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1966", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 18, line 17 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228)." }, { "id": "E1604-2", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1967", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 18, line 3 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228)." }, { "id": "E1604-3", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1968", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 17, line 17 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K4M and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHZ)." }, { "id": "E1604-4", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1969", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 3, line 18 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K2Y and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9LDQ)." }, { "id": "E1604-5", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1970", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 12, line 20 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92G1 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92RL)." }, { "id": "E1604-6", "claim_id": "C1604", "segment_id": "G1971", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 3, line 21 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K2Y and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9LDQ)." }, { "id": "E1605-1", "claim_id": "C1605", "segment_id": "G1972", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 1, line 21, free colored and slaves (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF7 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KJ7)." }, { "id": "E1605-2", "claim_id": "C1605", "segment_id": "G1973", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 12, line 10, free colored and slaves (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92G1 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92RL)." }, { "id": "E1605-3", "claim_id": "C1605", "segment_id": "G1974", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 4, line 11, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KC6 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWG)." }, { "id": "E1606-1", "claim_id": "C1606", "segment_id": "G1976", "role": "supports", "note": "Joy MacDonald, Page v, Introduction, second paragraph." }, { "id": "E1607-1", "claim_id": "C1607", "segment_id": "G1975", "role": "supports", "note": "Joy MacDonald, Page v, Introduction, first paragraph." }, { "id": "E1608-1", "claim_id": "C1608", "segment_id": "G2002", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 9, line 17, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KH3 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92DX); the given name read again on the image on 26 Oct 2026." }, { "id": "E1608-2", "claim_id": "C1608", "segment_id": "G2003", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 15, line 22, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWB)." }, { "id": "E1608-3", "claim_id": "C1608", "segment_id": "G2004", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 15, line 17, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWB)." }, { "id": "E1608-4", "claim_id": "C1608", "segment_id": "G2005", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal, Page 5, line 9, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KFS and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF3)." }, { "id": "E1608-5", "claim_id": "C1608", "segment_id": "G2006", "role": "supports", "note": "Jos. M. 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SueCat's is a casual restaurant with a southern inspired menu", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G109", "source_id": "S103", "locator": "Home page description", "excerpt": "SueCat's is a casual restaurant with a southern inspired menu ... the ever changing variety of eight craft beers we have on tap", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G110", "source_id": "S99", "locator": "Listing address and description", "excerpt": "9 E Main Street, Berryville, VA ... a diverse menu that features both classic Tex-Mex favorites and authentic dishes inspired by the rich culinary heritage of Mexico", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G111", "source_id": "S100", "locator": "Eat & Drink list", "excerpt": "Aztec City Mexican Restaurant 9 E Main Street Berryville 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G112", "source_id": "S104", "locator": "First paragraph", "excerpt": "Winston Hall was on East Main Street where the Bank of Clarke County driveway is now located. Built in 1881 by Siz Daingerfield, a black barkeep, it was named for singer, Jenny Winston.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G113", "source_id": "S104", "locator": "First paragraph, continued", "excerpt": "Upstairs was the largest meeting hall in the town and was used for entertainments and even school graduations; down stairs was the saloon. From 1920 until 1938, American Legion Post 41 used Winston Hall for its meetings.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G114", "source_id": "S104", "locator": "Second paragraph", "excerpt": "Griffin Taylor operated Winston Hall for years with a clothing store below. Later, owners James W. Gaver and Fred Morris sold farm machinery and cigars.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G115", "source_id": "S104", "locator": "Second paragraph, on the armory", "excerpt": "From 1922 to 1939, the upstairs portion of the building was rented by the Virginia National Guard and served as the armory for Headquarters Company of the 91st Infantry Brigade.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G116", "source_id": "S105", "locator": "Page 102, entry for 1957", "excerpt": "In February of 1957, Bank of Clarke County purchased the Morris building that adjoined the Bank on the east for $25,000 from the heirs of the late F. H. Morris for future bank expansion, primarily to give the bank a drive-through option.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G117", "source_id": "S105", "locator": "Page 102, on the building's origin", "excerpt": "It was originally built in 1884 by a black man named Siz Dangerfield who operated a saloon for whites across the street. It was known as Winston Hall (named after Jennie Winston who gave a performance there the night the hall was opened in 1885)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G118", "source_id": "S105", "locator": "Page 102, on the hall's use and end", "excerpt": "Winston Hall was built as a theater, complete with stage and dressing rooms. ... Winston Hall would be demolished in 1962 and made into a parking lot.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G119", "source_id": "S106", "locator": "Section \"The Melons\"", "excerpt": "In 1942, at the age of 6, John Jr. was set up with a wagon of melons at the corner of Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road (where Nall's is now located), Friday to Sunday, during the season.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G120", "source_id": "S106", "locator": "Section \"The Melons\", on the stand", "excerpt": "In the 1950s, the watermelon wagon was expanded into a full-fledged fruit and vegetable stand where the Millers sold a variety of fruit and vegetables, many grown in their five greenhouses flanking Route 7. John Jr. ran the stand for over 45 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G121", "source_id": "S106", "locator": "Section \"The Melons\", on the variety grown", "excerpt": "The Millers grew just one kind, the Cannonball, an heirloom variety known for its drought-tolerance, large size, fast growth, and sweet, bright red fruit.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G122", "source_id": "S107", "locator": "Writer's preface to the 2025 reprint", "excerpt": "He gave me a great interview while he tended his hydroponic tomato plants ... We at Clarke Monthly thought it would be timely to rerun the article", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G123", "source_id": "S104", "locator": "Second paragraph, last sentence", "excerpt": "In 1957, the building was purchased by the Bank of Clarke County and demolished in 1962 to expand the bank building and parking lot.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G124", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 48, W. Main Street inventory, 102", "excerpt": "Sarah Stribling House-historic name. Battletown Inn-present name. Commercial-present use. Residential-original use. Federal. ca. 1810.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G125", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 48, W. Main Street inventory, 102, continued", "excerpt": "stone foundation, two front entrances, interior end chimneys, 9 over 6 and 6 over 6 sash windows, 3-light transom over both entrances; 1-story west wing and 2-story rear wings; one of the oldest buildings in town currently undergoing exterior restoration", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G126", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 63, historical narrative", "excerpt": "Where the present Lighthouse Inn now stands was the Battletown Inn, reputed to be the site of the earlier \"Old Tavern\", where Daniel Morgan, a local resident and Revolutionary war hero, was known to participate in brawls and fistfights.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G127", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 66, historical narrative on the automobile era", "excerpt": "The former Battletown Inn at 5 W. Main Street attracted vacation travelers from Route 7, which runs through the town, and from Route 50, south of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G128", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 37, W. Main Street inventory, 9-13", "excerpt": "Virginia House-historic name. Lighthouse Restaurant/Berryville Variety Store-present name. Restaurant/commercial store-present use. Hotel-original use. Victorian Vernacular. Late 19th Century.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G129", "source_id": "S110", "locator": "Paragraph on the earlier inn and the name transfer", "excerpt": "The Battletown Inn we have known actually started a couple of blocks down in what was then the Virginia Hotel, on the southeast corner of Main and Church streets. ... The name moved over to the current location when it was bought by the erstwhile Battletown Inn proprietors in 1952.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G130", "source_id": "S110", "locator": "Paragraph attributed to Maral Kalbian", "excerpt": "It was built in the first years of the 1800s as a house for the daughter of Mr. Berry, who ran a boarding house there. ... it housed the Showers family with their various businesses, including cabinetry and tailoring. It is said to have been a hospital during the Civil War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G131", "source_id": "S110", "locator": "Paragraphs on the Sign of the Motor Car Inn", "excerpt": "In 1919 ... the Elder family bought it and opened ... \"The Sign of the Motor Car Inn.\" ... listed in the 1920 version of the Automobile Blue Book, Volume 3, as a garage and service station as well as an inn. ... it remained in business until the Battletown Inn took it over in the early 1950s", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G132", "source_id": "S110", "locator": "Opening paragraph and the paragraph on the property in 2015", "excerpt": "found it locked, with a sign that said it would reopen soon. But thus far, that has not occurred. ... a separate building with 12 guest rooms with private baths, nine of which are finished. ... currently owned by the Bernstein Family Foundation", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G133", "source_id": "S109", "locator": "Opening paragraphs", "excerpt": "James Lynch, who, along with Ming Chan, has been a co-owner of the establishment since 2006. ... \"We built a patio so people could dine outside, and we renovated all the rooms in the inn and added new equipment in kitchen. We didn't change a lot of structural aspects, though.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G134", "source_id": "S109", "locator": "Paragraphs on the tavern and the kitchen", "excerpt": "The kitchen can whip up some mean fried green tomatoes, and the shrimp and grits is considered a restaurant highlight. The Gray Ghost meanwhile, offers something that's hard to find in Berryville: a real, full-service bar. ... The Battletown Inn is located at 102, W. Main Street in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G135", "source_id": "S111", "locator": "Section \"Clarke County, Virginia\"", "excerpt": "The Club's Charter Night, with 26 members, was held at the Battletown Inn on October 10, 1998. ... secured the Battletown Inn as a meeting place", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G136", "source_id": "S112", "locator": "Dining introduction", "excerpt": "For visitors staying at the Lost Dog B&B or the Battletown Inn, you are just a few minutes walk to any of these restuarants.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G137", "source_id": "S113", "locator": "Battletown Inn listing", "excerpt": "Southern cuisine with a modern edge. Dining on the patio, in our dining room, or the tavern. ... The Inn offers entertainment on Thursday and Saturday evenings.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G138", "source_id": "S114", "locator": "Issue of 4 June 1925, page 4 (https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-06-04/ed-1/?sp=4): a social column naming a guest at The Sign of the Motor Car and, separately, guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam at the Battletown Inn. OCR text only; page image not seen.", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G139", "source_id": "S114", "locator": "Issue of 8 October 1925, page 1 (https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-10-08/ed-1/?sp=1): a report that the Shenandoah Valley Hotel and Inn Association met on the Tuesday at the Battletown Inn as guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam. OCR text only; page image not seen.", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G140", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed pages 51-53, on Upton Boyce's orchards", "excerpt": "The 1880 agricultural census documents that Boyce had only six acres of apple orchard with fifty apple trees, and twenty-five peach trees planted in 1879. ... by 1905, Boyce had a total of eighty-three acres in orchard east and southeast of his Tuleyries mansion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G141", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed pages 52-53, on the packing shed", "excerpt": "The extant Education Building, originally an apple packing shed, is also believed to have been built ca. 1900. The construction of this building likely coincided with the maturity of the Tuleyries apple orchards and the process of harvesting and shipping.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G142", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed pages 53-54, on the farm manager under Blandy and the bequest", "excerpt": "During the first two decades of Blandy ownership, Horace J. Martin was the farm manager of Tuleyries. Graham F. Blandy died in 1926. His will left 712-acres of the Tuleyries property, not including the mansion house and adjacent lands, to the University of Virginia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G143", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed page 54, on the will and possession", "excerpt": "The will stipulated that the property was to be called the \"Blandy Experimental Farm\" with the goal to \"teach boys how to farm.\" The University of Virginia took possession of Blandy Experimental Farm in 1926.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G144", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed page 54, on the first season", "excerpt": "Antrim was immediately hired as the Blandy farm manager and was placed in charge of the commercial enterprises of the property. In 1927, White noted that it took $8,000 to run Blandy but that the apple crop brought in only $4,000.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G145", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed pages 54-55, on the orchards and the managers", "excerpt": "By the late 1930s, the old orchards surrounding Quarters building were also gradually removed as planting within the Arboretum expanded. Harry Antrim died in 1931 and was replaced by his son, Robert Antrim, as farm manager.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G146", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed page 56, on 1976", "excerpt": "In 1976 the decision was made to abandon farming for profit altogether and Blandy leased approximately 500 acres to Edward B. Lee Sr., a local farmer. Approximately 80 acres were set aside for use of Fairfax Community College students.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G147", "source_id": "S115", "locator": "Printed page 56, on the arboretum designation", "excerpt": "In 1985, Edward F. Connor appointed Director of Blandy. ... The following year, Blandy Experimental Farm was designated the State Arboretum of Virginia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G148", "source_id": "S116", "locator": "Opening sentence and closing lines of the notice", "excerpt": "we are announcing the closing of Suecat's Bistro. ... We thank everyone who supported Suecat's through this two year journey.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G149", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 48, W. Main Street inventory, 100", "excerpt": "Treadwell Smith House-historic name. Hawthorne Hall-present name. Doctor's Office-present use. Residential-original use. Federal. ca. 1820. ... 2-story rear brick wing; altered and portico added in 20th century; only original building left at the intersection of Main and Buckmarsh Streets", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G150", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 5, architectural analysis", "excerpt": "Three of the most imposing examples are the ca. 1820 Treadwell Smith House (Hawthorne Hall) located at the intersection of West Main and North Buckmarsh streets, the adjoining ca. 1810 Sarah Stribling House (Battletown Inn)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G151", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 8, architectural analysis, on the railroad depot", "excerpt": "By 1910 a new railroad depot was built near the industrial area on South First Street. It is a typical early 20th-century brick station with a hipped roof and wide overhanging eaves supported by large curvilinear brackets. ... the fanciful iron grillwork covering the main windows.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G152", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 32, S. First Street inventory", "excerpt": "Norfolk and Western Railway Station. Vacant-present use. Train Station-original use. Tudor Revival. 1910. Brick (irregular); 1 1/2 stories, 7 bays (asymmetrical); hipped, standing seam metal roof", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G153", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 38, E. Main Street inventory, 23", "excerpt": "23: Police/Town Office-present use. Office-original use. Modern Colonial Revival. Mid-20th Century with 19th-century rear sections. ... a mid-19th-century, 1 1/2-story, brick ell in rear was a livery, attached 1-story frame and tin addition; abuts open city park land on east side. Noncontributing.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G154", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Opening paragraphs, on the three phases", "excerpt": "this section is presumed to have been built around 1795. According to Mrs. York, the portion of the building that faces West Main Street was built in 1816.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G155", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Paragraph on Treadwell Smith", "excerpt": "Treadwell Smith purchased the building at public auction in 1830 and operated an \"ordinary,\" or tavern, offering food and lodging to travelers. After Treadwell died in 1872, his son Charles inherited the building.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G156", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Paragraph on Dr. Tucker", "excerpt": "In 1887, Dr. Alfred Tucker rented the building and established his medical office and a small hospital there. ... Dr. Tucker died in 1915.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G157", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Paragraphs on Archibald Cummins", "excerpt": "In 1919, Archibald Cummins purchased the building from Charles Smith's heirs. A year or so later, Cummins built the last addition ... he hired Clarke County's first public health nurse and opened a clinic in what then became known as the Cummins Clinic Building.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G158", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Paragraph on the library", "excerpt": "established the \"Hawthorne Library\" in 1929 ... The Hawthorne Library remained Clarke County's only public library until the new high school, now Johnson-Williams Middle School, opened in 1954 and the books were transferred there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G159", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Paragraphs on Dr. Tappan and the war", "excerpt": "Frank and his wife Alice moved into one of the upper-floor apartments of the Hawthorne Building, with Frank's medical offices on the first floor. When Archibald died in 1933, he willed the building to Tappan. ... During World War II, the Hawthorne Building served as an informal bus station.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G160", "source_id": "S117", "locator": "Closing paragraphs", "excerpt": "In 1953, Dr. Robert \"Bob\" York joined Dr. Tappan's practice in the Hawthorne Building. ... Dr. York retired from practicing medicine in 1994 and, in 2006, the Yorks sold the Hawthorne Building to Melinda Kramer. ... Today, the Hawthorne Building contains four offices and seven apartments.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G161", "source_id": "S118", "locator": "Paragraphs on the two stations", "excerpt": "That station handled both freight and passengers until 1910. In 1910, Norfolk Southern - then Norfolk and Western - built a passenger station south of Main Street along Station Avenue, opposite the big gristmill, while the First Street station continued to receive freight.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G162", "source_id": "S118", "locator": "Paragraph on the demolition", "excerpt": "demolished the Berryville train station on July 2, 1990 ... the Berryville-Clarke County Chamber of Commerce negotiated with the corporation for possession of the circa-1910 station to create a visitors' center. Norfolk Southern was willing to donate the brick building but not its land", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G163", "source_id": "S118", "locator": "Paragraphs on the window guard", "excerpt": "souvenir hunters gathered bricks ... including its heavy iron window guards. ... one of the window guards ended up at Hip and Humble ... Last year, Berryville Main Street ... acquired the ... iron window guard ... In mid-March, a Town of Berryville ... crew installed an old iron window guard", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G164", "source_id": "S119", "locator": "Opening paragraphs", "excerpt": "The gallery, located at 23 E. Main St., will close on September 30. The Fire House Gallery opened on January 9, 2010 ... The Town of Berryville owns the historic, two-story former fire station building and has rented it to Downtown Berryville Inc.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G165", "source_id": "S120", "locator": "Opening and closing paragraphs", "excerpt": "Turiya Yoga and Wellness has filled the incubation space above the Fire House Gallery at 23 East Main Street, Berryville. ... Turiya celebrates its grand opening May 8-9.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G166", "source_id": "S121", "locator": "Opening paragraph and the paragraph on the opening", "excerpt": "Gemparcel, located at 23 East Main Street, Suite B (right above Fire House Gallery). ... While Gemparcel's business space opened in early November", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G167", "source_id": "S122", "locator": "Opening paragraph", "excerpt": "opened Needles & Pins Fiber Art Shop in Berryville in March. The shop is located above the Fire House Gallery at 23 East Main Street.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G168", "source_id": "S123", "locator": "Address line", "excerpt": "23 E. Main Street, Suite 202 - Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G169", "source_id": "S124", "locator": "Page 1, railway news paragraph (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "private advices from officials in a position to know indicate that it will not be a great while until the new depot promised for Berryville is started. The new station here, which has been sadly needed for so long, will be one of the best on the entire system", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G170", "source_id": "S125", "locator": "Page 1, headline of the depot report; the body's OCR is too degraded to quote and is paraphrased in the claim", "excerpt": "New Depot Assured", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G171", "source_id": "S126", "locator": "Page 1, \"The New Depot\" (OCR, line breaks joined; ellipsis where the OCR is degraded)", "excerpt": "work on the new Berryville Depot was started Monday morning ... in preparing the ground, preparatory to the laying of the [f]oundations", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G172", "source_id": "S127", "locator": "Page 1, \"The New Depot\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "Mr. O. L. Burnett, of the J. P. Pettijohn Company, of Lynchburg, Va., the contractors for Berryville's new Norfolk Western Depot, was here this week perfecting arrangements for commencing work ou the building", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G173", "source_id": "S128", "locator": "Page 1, \"Depot Work Progressing Well.\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "Work on the excavations for foundations and cellar for the new Norfolk Western Depot is progressing rapidly ... The trench for the water pipe", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G174", "source_id": "S129", "locator": "Page 1, \"Depot Nearing Completion.\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "The new depot is rapidly nearing completeion. ... The outside painting has been finished and the painters are on the inside at work.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G175", "source_id": "S130", "locator": "Page 1, \"Depot Soon to be Ready.\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "The finishing touches are being put on the new depot and the grounds surrounding it. ... Station Agent Macomb expects to move in next Sunday if everything goes well", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G176", "source_id": "S131", "locator": "Page 1, \"TONSIL AND ADENOID CLINIC JUNE 12 AND 13\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "A clinic for the removal of de[i]seased tonsils and adenoids of children will be held at the Hawthorne Building, Berryville, on Friday and Saturday, June 12 and 13.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G177", "source_id": "S132", "locator": "Page 4, display advertisement (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "Suits, Dresses, Polo Coats ... HEADQUARTERS The Little Shop HAWTHORNE BUILDING Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G178", "source_id": "S133", "locator": "Page 1, headline and opening paragraphs (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "Amazing Record Proves Usefulness of Hawthorne Library Established In 1930 ... The 2,000 books on the shelves cared for through the generosity of Dr. and Mrs. Frank Tappan have been loaned out more than 6 times for each book.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G179", "source_id": "S133", "locator": "Page 1, library hours paragraph (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "The Hawthorne Library hours are from 9 until 11 in the morning and from 3:30 until 5:30 in the afternoon. All books and magazines may be read in the library or borrowed free of charge.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G180", "source_id": "S134", "locator": "Page 1, \"Bazaar Planned For Hawthorne Library\" (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "it is all going to happen at a Bazaar in the Haw[t]horne House in the rooms of the Library and Tappan apartments for the benefit of the Hawthorne Library to secure the services of a Librarian.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G181", "source_id": "S134", "locator": "Page 1, closing paragraph of the same notice (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "the Hawthorne Library in Berryville that was given to Clarke County by Mr. Archibald Cummins and first opened by him in Decem[b]er 1929. Since that time the institution has loaned to the public free of charge approximately 20,000 books and magazines.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G182", "source_id": "S135", "locator": "Page 6, library notice (OCR, line breaks joined)", "excerpt": "The Hawthorne Library is open each week day from 3 to 5 p. m., and on Saturday evenings from 7 to 8. Books may be read or borrowed free of charge.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G183", "source_id": "S136", "locator": "History page, paragraph on the East Main firehouse", "excerpt": "In 1935 a Firehouse was built on East Main Street a couple of doors up from the John H. Enders Funeral Home. It has been used as offices for The Town of Berryville and its Police Department since 1958.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G184", "source_id": "S137", "locator": "Award paragraph", "excerpt": "The gallery, which opened on January 8, is housed in a restored 1930's firehouse.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G185", "source_id": "S138", "locator": "Paragraph on the alley's features", "excerpt": "a historic iron window guard from the former Berryville Train Depot. The window guard was repaired at a local welder's school and installed at the alley's northern entrance", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G186", "source_id": "S139", "locator": "Contact block", "excerpt": "Modern Mercantile LLC 13 South Church Street Berryville , VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G187", "source_id": "S140", "locator": "Address and hours line", "excerpt": "13 S. Church St. Tuesday - Saturday 10am - 7pm", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G188", "source_id": "S141", "locator": "Profile text and address line", "excerpt": "Modern Mercantile opened its door in November of 2014.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G189", "source_id": "S142", "locator": "Schedule D, supplemental information, form-and-line reference \"PART III, LINE 4:\"", "excerpt": "HISTORICAL LANDMARKS AND COLLECTIONS DONATED TO PROJECT HOPE INCLUDING THE CARTER HALL ESTATE AND MULTIPLE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN MILLWOOD, VIRGINIA. THE BUILDINGS ARE LOCATED ON A LARGE PIECE OF LAND AND THE FOUNDATION HAS ITS HEADQUARTERS LOCATED ON THIS LAND. PROJECT HOPE ALSO USES THE PROPERTY TO PROVIDE A CONFERENCE CENTER.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G190", "source_id": "S142", "locator": "Return header, filer block: EIN and BusinessName lines 1 and 2", "excerpt": "PROJECT HOPE - THE PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE / HEALTH FOUNDATION INC; EIN 530242962", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G191", "source_id": "S143", "locator": "Row for EIN 530242962: EIN, NAME, STREET, CITY, STATE, ZIP fields", "excerpt": "530242962,PROJECT HOPE - THE PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE HEALTH FOUNDATION INC,...,1101 CONNECTICUT AVE NW STE 500,WASHINGTON,DC,20036-4325", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G192", "source_id": "S144", "locator": "Feature attributes for ACCT 5981, Parcels_20260416 layer 0", "excerpt": "ACCT 5981; TAX_MAP 30-A-15; PROP_ADDR 505 CARTER HALL LN; ACRES 87.3191; DEED_BK_PG 687/634", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G193", "source_id": "S145", "locator": "Legal description and Sales History table: Grantor, Sale Price, Instrument, Number of Tracts, Sale Date", "excerpt": "Legal Desc 1: CARTER HALL ON RT 255. Sales History: PEOPLE TO PEOPLE HEALTH FDN INC | $5,750,000 | DEED BOOK-687-634 | 1 | 08/25/2021", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G194", "source_id": "S145", "locator": "Sales History table, second row: Grantor and Sale Date did not render in the retrieved page", "excerpt": "$0 | D-124-616 | 1", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G195", "source_id": "S146", "locator": "Legal description and Sales History table: Grantor, Sale Price, Instrument, Number of Tracts, Sale Date", "excerpt": "Legal Desc 1: APPLE HILL OFF RT 255. Sales History: PEOPLE TO PEOPLE HEALTH FDN INC | $2,103,000 | D-613-537 | 1 | 02/14/2017", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G196", "source_id": "S147", "locator": "History page, 1958 entry and tax-identification line: founder named as Dr. William B. Walsh", "excerpt": "Project HOPE is incorporated on December 29th … Tax ID #: 53-0242962", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G197", "source_id": "S148", "locator": "Legal description and Sales History table: the identical row to account 7607, under the same instrument", "excerpt": "Legal Desc 1: APPLE HILL OFF RT 255. Legal Desc 2: 5 ACRES. Sales History: PEOPLE TO PEOPLE HEALTH FDN INC | $2,103,000 | D-613-537 | 1 | 02/14/2017", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G200", "source_id": "S150", "locator": "Row for EIN 270103521", "excerpt": "EIN 270103521 | BARNS OF ROSE HILL | subsection 03 | NTEE A20 | ruling year 2004 | filing requirement 01 | latest tax period 202512 | locality Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G201", "source_id": "S152", "locator": "The page's stated street address for the organization's own premises", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G202", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index records for EIN 270103521, fiscal years 2012-2026: 13 located, 2012 through 2024, on 990. Per-year detail, with the return identifier for each, is in research/transparentclarke-inventory/filing-coverage.jsonl", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G203", "source_id": "S152", "locator": "Home page, the paragraph under the heading beginning \"We enrich lives through the arts\"", "excerpt": "Barns of Rose Hill is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit community arts center in historic Berryville, Virginia. Throughout the year, we offer a variety of programs for people of all ages, including live music, exhibitions, educational workshops, film screenings, art classes, community programs, and more.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G204", "source_id": "S150", "locator": "Row for EIN 541606545", "excerpt": "EIN 541606545 | CLARKE COUNTY EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC | subsection 03 | NTEE B28Z | ruling year 1973 | filing requirement 01 | latest tax period 202506 | locality Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G205", "source_id": "S153", "locator": "The page's stated street address for the organization's own premises", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G206", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index records for EIN 541606545, fiscal years 2012-2026: 14 located, 2012 through 2025, on 990. Per-year detail, with the return identifier for each, is in research/transparentclarke-inventory/filing-coverage.jsonl", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G207", "source_id": "S153", "locator": "Home page, the foundation's statement of purpose", "excerpt": "The Clarke County Education Foundation is an independent public charity dedicated to promoting, expanding, and augmenting the educational opportunities for students and staff in the Clarke County Public Schools, by generating private support and involvement.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G208", "source_id": "S150", "locator": "Row for EIN 546044234", "excerpt": "EIN 546044234 | CLARKE COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION INC | subsection 03 | NTEE (none) | ruling year 1963 | filing requirement 01 | latest tax period 202512 | locality Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G209", "source_id": "S154", "locator": "The page's stated street address for the organization's own premises", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G210", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index records for EIN 546044234, fiscal years 2012-2026: 13 located, 2012 through 2024, on 990. Per-year detail, with the return identifier for each, is in research/transparentclarke-inventory/filing-coverage.jsonl", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G211", "source_id": "S154", "locator": "History Center page, the archives description and the museum paragraph beginning \"In 2004\"", "excerpt": "In 2004, the Clarke County Historical Association began planning a new and exciting museum experience for visitors to our headquarters in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G212", "source_id": "S150", "locator": "Row for EIN 541554571", "excerpt": "EIN 541554571 | FISH OF CLARKE COUNTY INC | subsection 03 | NTEE P20Z | ruling year 1993 | filing requirement 01 | latest tax period 202412 | locality Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G213", "source_id": "S155", "locator": "The page's stated street address for the organization's own premises", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G214", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index records for EIN 541554571, fiscal years 2012-2026: 12 located, 2012 through 2023, on 990, 990-EZ. Per-year detail, with the return identifier for each, is in research/transparentclarke-inventory/filing-coverage.jsonl", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G215", "source_id": "S155", "locator": "Home page, the mission statement and the paragraph beginning \"FISH is a volunteer-led\"", "excerpt": "Our mission is to make sure everyone in Clarke County has access to the food, clothing, and support they need.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G216", "source_id": "S150", "locator": "Row for EIN 541534037", "excerpt": "EIN 541534037 | SHENANDOAH VALLEY STEAM & GAS ENGINE ASSOCIATION | subsection 03 | NTEE (none) | ruling year 1991 | filing requirement 01 | latest tax period 202412 | locality Berryville, VA 22611", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G217", "source_id": "S156", "locator": "The page's stated street address for the organization's own premises", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G218", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index records for EIN 541534037, fiscal years 2012-2026: 13 located, 2012 through 2024, on 990. Per-year detail, with the return identifier for each, is in research/transparentclarke-inventory/filing-coverage.jsonl", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G230", "source_id": "S160", "locator": "Online edition, printed page not recorded; lede paragraph", "excerpt": "Barns of Rose Hill has completed a decade-long, $2 million campaign to establish a permanent endowment.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G231", "source_id": "S160", "locator": "Online edition, printed page not recorded; paragraph beginning \"Despite the successful campaign\"", "excerpt": "Despite the successful campaign, she said, annual financial gifts, memberships, sponsorships, grants and ticket revenue will remain essential for the Barns to continue presenting programs, caring for its historic facility and sustaining its day-to-day work and staff.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G232", "source_id": "S161", "locator": "Under the heading \"How the Endowment Functions\"", "excerpt": "Invests wisely to generate income for annual use and long-term growth. Spends a portion of earnings each year to advance the mission through programs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G250", "source_id": "S170", "locator": "Home page, under \"A Living Legacy of History, Education & Stewardship\"", "excerpt": "Clermont Farm is a historic, 360-acre property in Clarke County, Virginia, dedicated to education, preservation, and community enrichment. Operated by the Clermont Foundation in partnership with the farm's owner, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G251", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index record for EIN 273143754", "excerpt": "EIN 273143754 | Clermont Foundation | subsection 3 | NTEE A80 | ruling date 2010-12 | address of record Berryville, VA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G252", "source_id": "S171", "locator": "About page, the mission statement and the section describing the Berryville farm", "excerpt": "Casey Trees [...] restore, enhance, and protect the tree canopy of our nation's capital. [On the Berryville farm:] a 730-acre farm along the Shenandoah River in Berryville, Virginia [which] produces approximately 7,000 trees annually with over 50,000 trees in inventory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G253", "source_id": "S151", "locator": "Index record for EIN 311766444", "excerpt": "EIN 311766444 | Casey Trees | subsection 3 | NTEE C125 | ruling date 2004-07 | address of record Washington, DC 20017", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G260", "source_id": "S180", "locator": "Feature attributes for ACCT 2397, Parcels_20260416 layer 0", "excerpt": "ACCT 2397; TAX_MAP 15-A-4; PROP_ADDR 1186 AUDLEY LN; BILL_NAME1 PROFUNDUS VIRGINIA PROPERTIES INC; BILL_ADDR1 P O BOX 510; ACRES 822.8; DEED_BK_PG DB 2008/28", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G261", "source_id": "S181", "locator": "Parcel Information and Legal Desc fields, property page for account 2397", "excerpt": "Town/District BATTLETOWN; Total Acres 822.8; Legal Desc 1 AUDLEY FARM & BUENA VISTA; Legal Desc 2 TRACT 1 822.798 ACRES; Zoning AGRICULTURAL/OPEN SPACE/CONSERVATION; State Class AGR/UNDEV 100 UP ACR", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G262", "source_id": "S181", "locator": "Account Name and Location Address(es) fields, property page for account 2397", "excerpt": "Account Name PROFUNDUS VIRGINIA PROPERTIES INC; Address1 P O BOX 510; City, State Zip BERRYVILLE, VA 22611; Location Address(es) 733 AUDLEY LN; 740 AUDLEY LN; 752 AUDLEY LN; 757 AUDLEY LN; 894 AUDLEY LN; 1170 AUDLEY LN; 1186 AUDLEY LN; 1188 AUDLEY LN; 1674 AUDLEY LN; 1697 AUDLEY LN; 12 NELLIE CUSTIS LN; 148 NELLIE CUSTIS LN; 572 NELLIE CUSTIS LN; 582 NELLIE CUSTIS LN; 701 NELLIE CUSTIS LN; 767 NELLIE CUSTIS LN", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G263", "source_id": "S181", "locator": "Sales History table, the single row, property page for account 2397", "excerpt": "PROFUNDUS VIRGINIA PROPERTIES INC | $0 | DEED BOOK-2008-59 | 1", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G264", "source_id": "S182", "locator": "Home page, the paragraph headed A FARM With A Presidential Connection", "excerpt": "Audley was founded in 1749 when Lord Thomas Fairfax granted Colonel George William Fairfax a 3,000-acre estate. In 1764, a cousin of George Washington, Warner Washington, bought half of the estate. From that point on, Audley remained in the Washington family for 138 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G265", "source_id": "S182", "locator": "Home page, the summary line under the farm name", "excerpt": "Our expertise includes thoroughbred race horses, registered Black Angus cattle, premium beef sales, hay farming and sales, and special events, each founded on the cornerstone of tradition and performance.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G266", "source_id": "S182", "locator": "Home page, the Our Upcoming Events section", "excerpt": "From May through October, you'll find Audley Farm at the Clarke County Farmers Market each Saturday from 8:00 AM-12:00 PM.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G267", "source_id": "S183", "locator": "CLARKE COUNTY section, running from Greenway Court to Stone's Chapel", "excerpt": "CLARKE COUNTY Greenway Court 09-09-1969 10-15-1966 021-0028 ... Carter Hall 06-19-1973 07-24-1973 021-0012 ... Blandy Experimental Farm 09-15-1992 11-12-1992 021-0550 ... Long Marsh Run Rural Historic District 06-19-1996 11-04-1996 021-0967 ... Stone's Chapel 06-20-2019 08-05-2019 021-0229", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G268", "source_id": "S91", "locator": "Architectural-type list, vernacular brick, and the narrative on family schools", "excerpt": "VERNACULAR/BRICR Audley (21-4) ... Carter Hall (21-12) had a school of this type, as did many other plantation houses in the county such as Avenal (21-5), Llewellyn (21-520), The Retreat (21-195), Audley (21-4), Frankford (21-363), Longbranch (21-95) and Clay Hill (21-17). (Pope, pp.21-22)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G269", "source_id": "S182", "locator": "Home page, the Our Cattle Program section", "excerpt": "Black Angus cattle first arrived at Audley Farm in 1903, introduced by then-owner Archibald Cummins. Decades later, in 1978, new owner Hubertus Liebrecht expanded the operation with the acquisition of Morgan Springs Farm.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G270", "source_id": "S182", "locator": "Home page, the Our Events section", "excerpt": "The historic Audley House, the former home to George Washington's step-granddaughter, is available for intimate gatherings and special events. ... Our space can comfortably accommodate up to 50 people for four hours.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G280", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'Since its founding'", "excerpt": "Since its founding 25 years ago, BRWC has grown from a wildlife assistance hotline to the region's premier wildlife animal hospital and rehabilitation center.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G281", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'Since its founding'", "excerpt": "In 2024, the wildlife center served patients from 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia at its home on the Burwell-van Lennep Foundation's conservation easement", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G282", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'Like nearly all'", "excerpt": "There are raptors and reptiles, Rodentia and amphibians, bunnies and bats - 172 species were patients in 2024. Ninety-nine percent of their injuries are caused by humans or domestic animals, said Bradfield. They are injured by cars, lawnmowers, weeders, and cats or dogs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G283", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'Most of the animals'", "excerpt": "Most of the animals who come to the center - 70 percent according to BRWC executive director Annie Bradfield - are able to be released back to their original ranges after surgery and rehabilitation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G284", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "The breadth of impact", "excerpt": "It takes a staff of 16 and 50 volunteers, and a budget of about $1.5 million to treat, rehabilitate, and release the animals, and to provide veterinary and rehabilitation training and education programs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G285", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "The breadth of impact", "excerpt": "None of the money comes from state or federal funds. Nor is BRWC allowed to charge for its services. All services are free, from diagnostics to surgery to rehab.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G286", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'BRWC is one of only two'", "excerpt": "BRWC is one of only two wildlife veterinarian teaching hospitals in Virginia. Training future wildlife vets and rehabilitators is an integral part of the center's mission, said Bradfield.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G287", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Body, the paragraph beginning 'Despite the heroic efforts'", "excerpt": "So Jesse is now an ambassador and member of the education team, living the good life as a teaching animal in a safe space replicating her natural habitat at the center. She accompanies BRWC staff to schools and events, where people of all ages can see animals up close", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G288", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Public awareness and education", "excerpt": "BRWC and their ambassadors present curriculum in schools within an hour's drive, reaching nearly 12,000 people through on and offsite programs. Popular programs include Wild Virginia, Wildlife in Winter, Turtle Takeover, and World at Night.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G289", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Training", "excerpt": "BRWC also hosts an annual wildlife rehabilitation fellowship offering advanced training for experienced rehabilitators, summer rehabilitation internships, and other professional training programs. These are competitive, paid positions with housing provided - funded entirely by donations.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G316", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Training", "excerpt": "The wildlife center hosts one veterinary intern each year. The program is designed for veterinary graduates placed by their universities to complete an annual rotation at a hospital.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G290", "source_id": "S190", "locator": "Research", "excerpt": "“Every patient contributes data to research,” said Bradfield. Data on avian flu, Covid 19 in wild animals, tick-borne illnesses, and more - including the Allegheny woodrat", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G291", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, quoting the annual report's introductory message", "excerpt": "In 2025, Blue Ridge Wildlife Center marked 25 years of caring for and protecting native wildlife.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G292", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, quoting the annual report's introductory message", "excerpt": "What began as a small education effort has grown into a regional center for wildlife medicine, research, education, and professional training, grounded in the understanding that the health of wildlife, people, and the environment are deeply interconnected", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G293", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the five annual-report categories", "excerpt": "Wildlife Medicine - “Why animals arrive, We treated 4,005 patients of 166 species in 2025”", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G294", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the five annual-report categories", "excerpt": "Wildlife Rehabilitation - “How we return animals to the wild: Release Rates (for patients surviving the first 24 hours of care): Amphibians 82%; Birds 58%; Mammals 78%; Reptiles 80%.”", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G295", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the five annual-report categories", "excerpt": "in 2025 BRWC was involved in 10 Research Studies, one of which, ‘Eastern Cottontails as hosts for ticks infected with various diseases that can be transmitted to other animals and humans’, was published in the Journal of Medical Entomology", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G296", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the five annual-report categories", "excerpt": "Public Education - “How we prevent future harm: “In 2025 we presented 78 programs and events reaching over 5,000 people.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G297", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the five annual-report categories", "excerpt": "We also welcomed 13 Summer Rehabilitation Interns.” It is reported those interns provided over 7,000 hours to the BRWC's workforce.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G298", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the hotline paragraph", "excerpt": "The Center's home base of Clarke County didn't make that top five regional county calls list, the Center noted. Those top five county Hotline calls included Loudoun (843), Frederick (697), Fairfax (422), Fauquier (361), and Warren (318).", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G315", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Body, the hotline paragraph", "excerpt": "The BRWC's Annual Report notes that it received nearly 50,000, 49,686 to be precise, Hotline Calls in 2025.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G299", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Contact Info", "excerpt": "The Blue Ridge Wildlife Center is located at 106 Island Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia in Clarke County.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G300", "source_id": "S191", "locator": "Contact Info", "excerpt": "The BRWC is located on the Burwell-Van Lennup Foundation (BVLF) property in Boyce, Clarke County. “The mission of the BVLF includes preserving the diverse ecology of this land, protecting wildlife, and environmental education. BVLF generously provides the land to BRWC at no cost,” they report.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G301", "source_id": "S192", "locator": "About Us, the opening paragraph", "excerpt": "BRWC provides veterinary services, educational programs, professional training, and actively contributes to scientific research on local wildlife diseases and environmental threats. Operating without government funding, the Center relies entirely on donations.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G302", "source_id": "S192", "locator": "About Us, the opening paragraph", "excerpt": "Established in 2000, the center has evolved from a wildlife assistance hotline to an advanced 8,700 sqft. facility located on the Burwell-van Lennep Foundation's conservation easement.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G303", "source_id": "S192", "locator": "Mission", "excerpt": "The mission of Blue Ridge Wildlife Center (BRWC) is to protect and conserve native wildlife by integrating veterinary medicine, rehabilitation, public education, professional training, and research.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G304", "source_id": "S193", "locator": "Body, the 2025 list", "excerpt": "Presented 62 educational programs reaching more than 3,500 community members... using real patient stories to inspire stewardship, reduce preventable wildlife injuries, and deepen understanding of how people and wildlife coexist.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G305", "source_id": "S193", "locator": "Body, the 2025 list", "excerpt": "Launched our first-ever year-long veterinary, rehabilitation, and education fellowships... creating sustainable, paid training pathways that strengthen patient care today while building the next generation of wildlife professionals.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G306", "source_id": "S194", "locator": "Body", "excerpt": "The eagle was found by Officer Acosta of Loudoun County Animal Services after sustaining a right coracoid fracture (part of the shoulder) and suffering from lead toxicity. After a month of treatment, the fractured bone is well healed and the eagle is flying again.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G307", "source_id": "S194", "locator": "Body", "excerpt": "The exposure comes primarily from wildlife eating fragments of ammunition in gut piles or dead deer that were previously shot but survived long enough to escape the hunter, or that the hunter left behind.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G308", "source_id": "S195", "locator": "Body, quoting the center's social media post", "excerpt": "The underlying culprit? A blood lead level of 49. There is no “safe” level of lead to have in the body, and lead poisoning wreaks havoc internally, causing neurologic issues, seizures, delayed reaction time, organ failure, gastrointestinal issues, and even death.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G309", "source_id": "S195", "locator": "Body, quoting the center's social media post", "excerpt": "It only takes a lead fragment the size of a grain of rice to poison and kill an eagle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G310", "source_id": "S195", "locator": "Body, quoting the center's social media post", "excerpt": "The center receives donations of venison from hunters year-round and radiograph all of it and have found that some deer shot with non-lead ammo or arrows can still have old lead shot from previous hunting attempts.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G311", "source_id": "S196", "locator": "Organization header", "excerpt": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center ... Boyce, VA ... Tax exemption issued: Feb. 2001 ... EIN: 54-1996991", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G312", "source_id": "S196", "locator": "Organization summary, the Category field", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G313", "source_id": "S197", "locator": "File page, the file description and licensing sections", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G314", "source_id": "S198", "locator": "File page, the file description and licensing sections", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G340", "source_id": "S212", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "As the John H. Enders Fire Company & Rescue Squad begins its 125th year of serving the Clarke County community, it does so with its first-ever female president. Maria Zimmerman was sworn in during Enders' annual banquet in mid-January.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G341", "source_id": "S210", "locator": "page 2", "excerpt": "On December 6, Coiner Grand Emporium had its grand opening.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G342", "source_id": "S210", "locator": "page 2", "excerpt": "Coiner's Department Store was founded by Emmett G. Coiner in 1896 and later purchased by Chet Hobert, who ran it until its shutdown almost a century later.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G343", "source_id": "S211", "locator": "page 13", "excerpt": "It is now looking toward future preservation and community uses under the stewardship of the Boyce Railway Depot Foundation!", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G344", "source_id": "S214", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "About 30 volunteers gathered in Berryville's Milton Valley Cemetery on a Sunday afternoon in March to clean old headstones and clear overgrown brush.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G345", "source_id": "S214", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "The work was organized by Frederick County residents Jim Weinmann and David Branham", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G346", "source_id": "S213", "locator": "page 9", "excerpt": "Thanks to generous anonymous gifts totaling $85,000, these funds will provide sustainable support for both studio arts education and the internationally recognized International Baccalaureate", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G347", "source_id": "S213", "locator": "page 4", "excerpt": "Jack Schutte of Clarke County was recently named by Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin for a four year term on the Virginia Sheep Industry Board.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G348", "source_id": "S214", "locator": "page 19", "excerpt": "Take a Hike! offers 12 outings for hikers of all abilities and interests", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G349", "source_id": "S215", "locator": "page 13", "excerpt": "On June 7, “A Journey to Freedom: Josephine Williams” is a free 90 minute tour that connects two historic properties", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G350", "source_id": "S215", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "Clarke County's fourth annual “Juneteenth Celebration” is from noon to 7 p.m. Saturday, June 21, at the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G351", "source_id": "S216", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "The Retreat of Berryville, an assisted living and memory care facility, has launched an “Adopt a Grandparent” program.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G352", "source_id": "S217", "locator": "page 4", "excerpt": "This year's fair takes place August 10–16, with music the evening of August 9.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G353", "source_id": "S217", "locator": "page 10", "excerpt": "The Clarke County Fair we know and love today — the one hosted by the Clarke County Ruritan Club — started in the mid-1950s when the Club officially took over the community event.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G354", "source_id": "S219", "locator": "page 14", "excerpt": "Burwell-Morgan Mill and Chilly Hollow Brewing", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G355", "source_id": "S220", "locator": "page 17", "excerpt": "Mountain Gap Market, located at 119 John Mosby Highway (Route 50) in Paris, about five miles east of the Waterloo intersection", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G356", "source_id": "S221", "locator": "page 14", "excerpt": "Concern Growing Over Proposed Resort on Blue Ridge Clear cutting, water use, traffic sited by citizen groups", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G357", "source_id": "S221", "locator": "page 3", "excerpt": "Debbie Holbrook's simple idea to support FISH of Clarke County with a special meal quickly blossomed into The 100 Meals Project.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G358", "source_id": "S218", "locator": "page 17", "excerpt": "WaterWatch brings FOSR's long-running water monitoring program to life with clear, easy-to-read maps and graphs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G359", "source_id": "S217", "locator": "page 12", "excerpt": "The 21st Annual Watermelon Pickers' Fest returns to Clarke County for three days of music, fun, and community. From September 4 to 6", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G360", "source_id": "S219", "locator": "page 4", "excerpt": "Wayside Farm, owned by brothers Philip and Mark Shenk and their wives Theresa and Beth, is a 120-acre family farm located at 5273 Harry Byrd Highway east of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G365", "source_id": "S221", "locator": "page 16", "excerpt": "The egg masses look like tan smears of dry clay or mud on hard, flat", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G362", "source_id": "S212", "locator": "page 2", "excerpt": "Three judges tallied scores and awarded the top spots to Theodore Birgler and Sabre Schultz.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G363", "source_id": "S216", "locator": "page 9", "excerpt": "The Clarke County Ruritan Club recently received the “Steward for Excellence in Preservation Award” for vision, dedication, and commitment to safeguarding our historic, local fairgrounds for future generations.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G364", "source_id": "S218", "locator": "page 20", "excerpt": "one of the most welltraveled, better-known musical acts to come out of the Northern Shenandoah Valley in years", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G361", "source_id": "S213", "locator": "page 15", "excerpt": "The event, to be held on April 26 at the Clarke County Fairgrounds, will bring together dozens of community members to celebrate the day.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G366", "source_id": "S212", "locator": "page 2", "excerpt": "The Josephine School Community Museum hosted its 19th “Helen O. Carr Dramatic Reading Contest” on Feb. 15 at the museum on Josephine Street in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G367", "source_id": "S218", "locator": "page 17", "excerpt": "The Downstream Project, the conservation nonprofit based in Berryville, has launched its online tool called WaterWatch that makes it easier than ever for people to check the health of the Shenandoah River before heading out to paddle, fish, or swim.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G60", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, personals column", "excerpt": "Mr. George Cooper was killed by a freight tram [train] in an attempt to jump off at Josephine City crossing Friday evening, April 20. The body was cut in two, just above the waist. The remains were taken to Undertaker Enders and prepared for burial, and were interred in Milton Valley Cemetery, Clarke County, Virginin [Virginia].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G61", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 4, display advertisement", "excerpt": "Be it known to the public that I; S. W. Brown, has opened a lttile [little] Grocery Store, in Josephine Ciiy [City], and do ask the patronage of public; I keep on hand, coffee, tea, Baking powders, soda Laundry and Toile [Toilet] Soaps, coal Oil, salt, macthes [matches]; prunes, rice, vingar [vinegar] and candies.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G62", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Page 2, standing church directory", "excerpt": "PRIMITIVE BAPTIST--ROBERT WILLIAMS, pastor. Preaching every Fourth Sunday, in each month, in Josephine City, at 3 o'clock p. m.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G63", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Page 3, display advertisement", "excerpt": "MRS. LUCY FRANKLIN. Has opened her RESIDENCE In Josephine City FOR FALL & WINTER BOARDERS. Berryville, Virginia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G64", "source_id": "S63", "locator": "Page 1, standing church directory", "excerpt": "Rev. Robert Williams, of Millwood, will hold meeting at Josephine City, every 4, Sunday in month.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G65", "source_id": "S63", "locator": "Page 2, personals column", "excerpt": "Mr. Anthony Bray and Mrs. Harriett Fitzhugh, both are of Clarke county, were married at the Old School Church in Josephine City. Saturday April 26. 1913.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G66", "source_id": "S65", "locator": "Page 1, personals column", "excerpt": "Mr. Edie Jenkins has added two rooms to the old home in Josephine City, where he now lives, which is an improvment [improvement].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G67", "source_id": "S66", "locator": "Page 1, personals column", "excerpt": "Mrs. Kate Legions has made a nice improvment [improvement] to her residence in Josephine City.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G68", "source_id": "S68", "locator": "Page 3, display advertisement headed Josephine City", "excerpt": "Josephine City. MRS. JOSEPHINE JOHNSON. LUNCH ROOM. ICE-CREAM. FRESH PIES DAILY. BREAD DAILY. REASONABLE PRICES. POLITE ATTENDANCE. GIVE ME A CALL. BERRYVILLE VIRGINIA.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G69", "source_id": "S70", "locator": "Page 1, display advertisement headed Josephine City", "excerpt": "Josephine City. MRS. JOSEPHINE JOHNSON. LUNCH ROOM. ICE-CREAM. FRESH PIES DAILY. BRAED [BREAD] DAILY. REASONABLE PRICES. POLITE ATTENTION. GIVE ME A CALL. BERRYVILLE VIRGINIA.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G70", "source_id": "S69", "locator": "Page 1, personals column", "excerpt": "Mrs. Lizzie Carter is having her house repaired in Josephine City.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G71", "source_id": "S60", "locator": "Page 1, masthead and imprint", "excerpt": "PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. G. L. D. HARRIS, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. THE PEOPLES JOURNAL published monthly at FIFTY CENTS ... Entered at the Post Office at Berryville, Clarke County, Va. as second class matter. \"OF THE PEOPLE AND FOR THE PEOPLE.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G72", "source_id": "S64", "locator": "Page 1, statement of ownership required by the Act of 24 August 1912", "excerpt": "STATEMENT of the Ownership, Managment [Management] ... of The People's Journal, published monthly, Berryville, Va., as required by the act August 24, 1912. editor: G. L. D. Harris Berryville, Va. Publisher; G. L. D. Harris Berryville. Known bondholders mortgages, and other security holders, holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or other securities: The ownership being individual, no securities have been issued. G. L. D. Harris Editor, Publisher, Owner.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G73", "source_id": "S67", "locator": "Page 3, Resolution of Respect and its signatures", "excerpt": "Whereas God in his alwise Providence has removed from our midst our beloved brother in Christ, and faithful retired teacher of Public School. Mr. A. B. Young has been called from his labor to reward and rest ... Retired Teachers, Miss Fannie M[assy], L. W. Jones, G. L. D. Harris", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G74", "source_id": "S70", "locator": "Page 2, announcement and committee list", "excerpt": "CLARKE COUNTY FALL MEET AT BOYCE, VA. FRIDAY, SEP. 16, 1927. In Mr. R. P. Page's Woods. This Basket Picnic is under the auspices of the Clarke County School League; and the League will spare no pains to make this one of most enjoyable functions of Vacation Season. Contests and Field Sports, Baseball Contest a Specialty. COMMITTEE: Rev. E. T. Johnson, President, Mr. Jacob Jackson, Berryville, Miss Hannah Randolph, Boyce, Mr. Geo. Edwards, Louisville, Mr. DeRoy Layton, Millwood, Mr. Jno. Togging [Toggins], Stone Bridge, Mr. Geo. Carter, Webbtown, Mr. Edward Crittenden, White Post, Mrs. Alma B. Layton, Sec'ty.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G80", "source_id": "S80", "locator": "Printed page 8, notice: W. D. GRESHAM TO SPEAK HERE", "excerpt": "Prof. W. D. Gresham, supervisor of Negro education of Virginia, will speak at the Court House, Berryville, on Monday night, May 4th, at 8 o'clock. This meeting will be held under the auspices of the Clarke County Colored school league. Every colored man with an educational pride wish for self-help or race development will be there, according to a statement given out by officers of the league. Hie [The] school officials and many white friends of the negro institution of learning are invited, special seats [be]ing reserved for them. Mr. Leslie D. Kline, division superintendent of schools, will preside, it was stated.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G81", "source_id": "S81", "locator": "Printed page 1, report: NEGRO SCHOOL LEAGUE MADE FINE SHOWING", "excerpt": "The County League of Negro schools was organized the 11th of July one year ago, at which time $28 was placed to its credit. The purpose of the league is to raise money with which to establish a County Training school for negro children. Through special drives, entertainments and contributions from both white and <*>lored [colored] friends the league was able to report on Tuesday night June 9th. $1265.95 toward the project in view. Before it can locate and begin to build $234.15 must be raised. A special drive has been arranged to end August 7th, at which time the league hopes to raise the required sum. The president, Rev. E. T. Johnson, wishes to thank every contributor and further solicits your good will.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G82", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Printed page 1, teacher assignment list, colored schools", "excerpt": "Stone Bridge colored -- Ella F. Carter. Boyce Colored -- Alma Layton and Matilda Herbert. Millwood Colored -- J. P Rier, Prin., Louise Bannister and Clarissa Layton. White Post Colored -- Estelle Mitchell and Margaretta Richarson. Josephine colored school -- E T. Johnson, Fannie Jenkins, Florine Johnson. Louisville colored -- Emma E. Alexander. Bristol colored -- George W. Carter.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G83", "source_id": "S83", "locator": "School roster, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Berryville: Rev. E. T. Johnson, pastor of the Free Baptist Church, principal; Mrs. F. Johnson and Miss Fanny Jenkins, assistants. Louisville: Miss Pattie Smith. White Post: Miss Mitchell.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G385", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 3, on the Northern Neck proprietary boundary", "excerpt": "the problem was that no one knew where these rivers headed", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G386", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 3, the acreage at issue between colony and proprietary", "excerpt": "At stake were three and one-quarter million acres.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G387", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 3, note 5, the 1728-1731 colony grants", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G388", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 3, Carter's grants to his own family", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G389", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 5, Carter's terms to his heirs", "excerpt": "He imposed no settlement requirements on his heirs and made it easy for them to keep their land idle by rarely collecting quitrents", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G390", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 5, the effect of the colony's policy", "excerpt": "In this way Gooch's policies worked to ensure that where the colony controlled the Valley it would be peopled rapidly by non-Virginians of diverse religious and national backgrounds.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G391", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 5, note 8, Fairfax's arrival in 1734", "excerpt": "formalized the dual pattern of settlement Gooch and Carter had set up", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G392", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 9, the land on either side of the Opequon in the early 1750s", "excerpt": "little limestone land west of the Opequon remained to be settled. But to the east the land lay practically deserted.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G393", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 9, the division of the Carter lands and their later sale", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G394", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 11, the quarters in east Frederick, first sentence", "excerpt": "Robert Carter, John Page, Nathaniel Burwell, and Hugh Nelson all operated quarters in the Valley during the 1770s and 1780s.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G395", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 12, Old Chapel after its 1789 reorganization", "excerpt": "came to dominate all religious life east of the Opequon", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G396", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 1, opening paragraph on why Clarke sought its own county", "excerpt": "It was not simply an increase in population or just the proximity of the courthouse that prompted the people of Clarke to petition the Virginia legislature for their own county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G397", "source_id": "S232", "locator": "Volume 1, pages 112-113, on the Blue Ridge as a divide", "excerpt": "The people of whom I am now writing, call those east of the mountain Tuckahoes, and their country Old Virginia. They themselves are the Cohees, and their country New Virginia. The origin of these Indian phrases, I am not able to trace.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G398", "source_id": "S233", "locator": "Page 2, House of Delegates proceedings for Monday, December 30", "excerpt": "Monday, Dec. 30. Mr. Gallaher presented a petition for the division of Frederick county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G399", "source_id": "S234", "locator": "Page 2, unsigned piece headed FOR THE REPUBLICAN, against division", "excerpt": "Nor do I m[e]an to prove the correctness of his quotations from the speeches of that statesman, or diminish their force by repeating the taunts of poverty thrown out against the inhabitants of this district by their wealthy brethren a[]long the Shenandoah.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G400", "source_id": "S234", "locator": "Page 2, piece signed OLD FREDERICK, against division", "excerpt": "Lop off Battletown county and she must have one of our three delegates - lop off Front[]royal and then goes another", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G401", "source_id": "S234", "locator": "Page 2, on a writer in the rival Virginian", "excerpt": "an incendiary production, which appeared in the last Virginian, over the signature of 'Cohee.'", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G402", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 11, the quarters in east Frederick, second sentence", "excerpt": "Through them they introduced to the Valley, and specifically to east Frederick, such Tidewater characteristics as tobacco, slavery, overseers, and large-scale commercial agriculture.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G403", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 12, on Nathaniel Burwell’s house at Millwood", "excerpt": "a direct reference to the country houses of the English aristocracy", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G404", "source_id": "S231", "locator": "Page 11, notes 22 and 23, the acreage and slaveholding table for east Frederick", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G405", "source_id": "S235", "locator": "Table 13, Composition of the Population, by Counties and Independent Cities: 1930; Virginia section, printed page 1162; Clarke County column; SEX, COLOR, ETC. block, rows 'Total population' and '1920: Total population'", "excerpt": "Total population ... 7,167 | 1920: Total population ... 7,165", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G406", "source_id": "S235", "locator": "Table 13, Virginia section, printed page 1162, Clarke County column, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE block", "excerpt": "Total 7 to 13 years, inclusive ... 1,147 | Number attending school ... 1,019 | Per cent attending school ... 88.8 | Total 16 and 17 years ... 328 | Number attending school ... 172 | Per cent attending school ... 52.4", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G407", "source_id": "S235", "locator": "Table 13, Virginia section, printed page 1162, Clarke County column, ILLITERACY block", "excerpt": "Total 10 years old and over ... 5,661 | Number illiterate ... 269 | Per cent illiterate ... 4.8 | Per cent illiterate in 1920 ... 9.7", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G408", "source_id": "S235", "locator": "Table 13, Virginia section, printed page 1162, Clarke County column, rows 'Foreign-born white' and its 1920 counterpart; and Table 1, Population of the State, Urban and Rural: 1890 to 1930, printed page 1141, column headings", "excerpt": "Foreign-born white ... 27 | 1920: ... Foreign-born white ... 40 | [printed page 1141, Table 1 column headings:] 1930 (April 1) ... 1920 (January 1)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G409", "source_id": "S235", "locator": "Part 2 introduction, printed page 3, sections headed 'School attendance.' and 'Illiteracy.' (companion chapter file 10612982v3p2ch01.pdf, one-based PDF page 3)", "excerpt": "School attendance.-The school-attendance tabulation is based on the replies to the enumerator's inquiry as to whether the person had attended school or college of any kind since September 1, 1929. Illiteracy.-A person 10 years old and over is classified as illiterate if unable to read or write in any language. In some cases the enumerator's own judgment necessarily entered into the classification, and no test was applied except in a few doubtful cases where the interpreter was uncertain.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G410", "source_id": "S236", "locator": "Table 20 heading, Virginia section, printed page 1182; Table 20 continuation, printed page 1185, Clarke County field between Chesterfield County and Craig County, Male and Fe-male subcolumns", "excerpt": "TABLE 20.—PERSONS 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER ENGAGED IN GAINFUL OCCUPATIONS, BY SEX, COLOR, AND INDUSTRY GROUPS, FOR COUNTIES AND FOR INDEPENDENT CITIES: 1930 ... CLARKE COUNTY ... Male | Fe-male", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G411", "source_id": "S236", "locator": "Table 20, Virginia section, printed page 1185, Clarke County column, ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, row 'All industries'", "excerpt": "All industries ... Clarke County: Male 2,155 | Fe-male 363", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G412", "source_id": "S236", "locator": "Table 20, Virginia section, printed page 1185, Clarke County column, ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, row 'Agriculture'", "excerpt": "Agriculture ... Clarke County: Male 1,323 | Fe-male 31", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G413", "source_id": "S236", "locator": "Table 20, Virginia section, printed page 1185, Clarke County column, ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block, row 'Other domestic and personal service'", "excerpt": "Other domestic and personal service ... Clarke County: Male 53 | Fe-male 180", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G414", "source_id": "S237", "locator": "Plate 2, Main Street frontage, map number 347", "excerpt": "2 Hardw | Tin Shop [yellow and green mapped components]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G415", "source_id": "S238", "locator": "Plate 2, W. Main Street frontage, map number 347", "excerpt": "2 Tire. [yellow mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G416", "source_id": "S237", "locator": "Plate 2, Main Street frontage, map number 346", "excerpt": "2 Hardw | Gro. [yellow mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G417", "source_id": "S238", "locator": "Plate 2, W. Main Street frontage, map number 346", "excerpt": "2 Auto Display | Insurance Off. [yellow mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G418", "source_id": "S237", "locator": "Plate 2, Main Street frontage, map number 344", "excerpt": "2 Clo. [yellow mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G419", "source_id": "S238", "locator": "Plate 2, W. Main Street frontage, map number 344", "excerpt": "2 Clo. & Jewl'y | Photo 2d [yellow mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G420", "source_id": "S237", "locator": "Plate 2, Main Street frontage, map number 343", "excerpt": "2 D. | 2 Off. [red and yellow mapped components]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G421", "source_id": "S238", "locator": "Plate 2, W. Main Street frontage, map number 343", "excerpt": "2 D. | 2 Rest r'm [red and yellow mapped components]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G422", "source_id": "S237", "locator": "Plate 2, Main Street frontage, map number 342", "excerpt": "2 Drugs [red mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G423", "source_id": "S238", "locator": "Plate 2, W. Main Street frontage, map number 342", "excerpt": "2 Drugs [red mapped component]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G424", "source_id": "S239", "locator": "Plate 1, printed key", "excerpt": "BUILDINGS COLORED YELLOW ARE FRAME | RED ... BRICK | BLUE ... STONE | GRAY ... IRON | BROWN ... ADOBE | GREEN ... SPECIALS. Alternate street numbers are actual. Consecutive street no's are arbitrary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G425", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Printed page 1, teacher assignment list, headline and opening", "excerpt": "FILL POSITIONS COUNTY SCHOOLS. Teachers Named for All Schools and Grades -- New Boyce Principal. Appointments of teachers for the various schols [schools] of the County for the session of 1925-26 have been announced by Dr. C. O. Dearmont, chairman of the School Board, as listed by the Division Superintendent, Mr. Leslie D. Kline. The places are to be filled as follows:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G426", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Printed page 1, teacher assignment list, Berryville High School", "excerpt": "Berryville High School -- Mr. D. G. Cooley, principal, Miss Frances Wolfe, assistant principal, Mrs. Louise Kerfoot and Miss Willie M. Snouffer, high school; Miss Ella Holland, 7th grade, Mrs. Mary D. Sowers, 6th, Miss Beatrice Kackley, 5th, Mrs. Wilbur Price, 4th and 5th, Miss Agnes Fenton, 4th, ... Mrs. Ella Hughes, 1st.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G427", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Printed page 1, teacher assignment list, Boyce High school", "excerpt": "Boyce High school -- Mr. E. W. Roller, agriculture, Mr. Winter Rovston [Royston], principal, Miss Ruth Royston and Miss Bettie Teel Miller, high school. Miss Katharine Jones, home economics, Miss Grace Johnston, 7th grade, Miss Audrey Fritts, 5th and 6th, Miss Ruth Berlin, 3rd and 4th. Miss Mary Thompson, 1st and 2nd.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G428", "source_id": "S240", "locator": "Printed page 1, item headed School League Helps Valley", "excerpt": "SCHOOL LEAGUE HELPS VALLEY. Berryville High Organization Volunteers Contribution of $10 to “Boost.” Believing heartily in the movement to boost the Shenandoah Valley and hearing a report from Mr. D. G. Cooley of the meeting held here last week in the interest of the Valley organization, the Junior League of Berryville High school led the way for other such organizations by voluntary contributing $10.00 to the work of the Shenandoah Valley, Inc. This entitles the league to membership along with many citizens of this section who have contributed ...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G429", "source_id": "S241", "locator": "Printed page 1, item headed Schools See Health Movies, schedule for the colored schools", "excerpt": "It has also been learned that the local arrangement at each place will be under the direction of the principal of each school at that place. ... Schedule for colored Schools in Clarke Cqunty [County] will be as follows: November 2 -- Berryville, E. T. Johnson. November 3 -- Millwood, J. P. Rier. November 4 -- Boyce, Irene Layton. November 5 -- White Post, Emma E. Alexander. November 6 -- Louisville, Estelle Mitchell.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G430", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF pages 63-64 (report pages 55-56), chapter VIII, education, section D, 1865-1914: the sentences introducing the two school tables", "excerpt": "The majority of the schoolhouses built during this period were small one-room buildings. Twelve of these were documented in past surveys, and an additional four during this project. The majority of these have been converted into residences.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G431", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), table \"Schools from Past Rural Surveys\": six of its twelve rows, the others omitted", "excerpt": "SCHOOLS FROM PAST RURAL SURVEYS. SITE NAME, NUMBER: Hawthorne Schoolhse 21-247 ... Gaylord School 21-332 ... Riverside School 21-431 ... Meade's School 21-659 ... Valley View School 21-705; Page's School 21-706", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G432", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), table \"Schools Documented During This Survey\", all eight rows", "excerpt": "SCHOOLS DOCUMENTED DURING THIS SURVEY. SITE NAME, NUMBER: Marvin Chapel School 21-772; Pine Corners School 21-812; Kinderhook School 21-837; Bethel School 21-875; Shenandoah School 21-886; Pine Grove School 21-918; Mt. Carmel School 21-932; High Meadows 21-936", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G433", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), the paragraph following the second school table", "excerpt": "Mt. Carmel School 21-932 is a typical example of these small, rural schools (Fig.20). They generally are gable-end, one-story, frame buildings, with a one or two-room plan. As in the other surveys, the majority of these schools have been converted into residences.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G434", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), the paragraph on the school at High Meadows", "excerpt": "The school at High Meadows 21-936, was built as a private school for the owners of the property (Fig.12). Its architectural style is oriented towards that of the main house instead of other schools of the time period.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G435", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 39 (report page 33), the paragraph on properties with outstanding collections of outbuildings", "excerpt": "A few properties were identified that feature an outstanding collection of outbuildings. High Meadows (21-936) has its own stone schoolhouse (Fig.12) - a rare feature for a property from this period.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G436", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 1, standing church directory", "excerpt": "A.M.E. Church, Berryville, Rev. Geo. Lee, pastor. Preaching 11am and 8pm; Sunday School 3pm; prayer meeting Tuesdays; class meeting Thursdays.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G437", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Page 2, standing church directory", "excerpt": "A.M.E. Church -- Rev. A. J. Nixon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G438", "source_id": "S63", "locator": "A.M.E. conference appointments notice, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Rev. A. J. Nixon, who held Berryville with Howardsville, Va. and Duffields, W.Va., sent to Boone Mill; Rev. George Lee sent to Summit Point, W.Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G439", "source_id": "S242", "locator": "Standing church directory, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "A.M.E. -- Rev. R. A. Mays, preaching every second Sunday. ... Primitive Baptist ... in Josephine City, fourth Sunday, Brother Robert Williams.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G440", "source_id": "S83", "locator": "Annual Fair and Rally program notice, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Annual Fair & Rally, Sylvania Baptist Church, Rippon, W. Va. ... by night: Literary; Sacred Concert; Bristow Baptist Church; Louisville Public School; Millwood Glee Club; Saturday auction.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G441", "source_id": "S243", "locator": "Obituary of Mrs. Lucy Garner, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Member of the Baptist Church at Bristow; Rev. Geo. Carter of Bethel Baptist Church, Bristow, officiated.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G442", "source_id": "S244", "locator": "Easter notice for Ivanhoe A.M.E. Church and Taylors' Chapel, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Ivanhoe A.M.E. Church and Taylors' Chapel, Rev. W. J. White, pastor. ... an \"Easter Tom Thumb Wedding\", and an Easter Tree -- \"Bring an Easter card to put on the Tree for your friend. Admission 10 cts.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G443", "source_id": "S65", "locator": "Personals item, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mr. Stephen L. Green, on 'Quality Hill,' has built another room to his house.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G444", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 37 (report page 31), the paragraph on the communities that arose after the Civil War", "excerpt": "Several black communities arose in Clarke County following the Civil War. These have been addressed in the previous survey report and include the communities of Lewisville, Balltwon, Claytonville, Browntown, and Sugar Hill.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G445", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), table \"Schools from Past Rural Surveys\": the Lewisville School row", "excerpt": "SCHOOLS FROM PAST RURAL SURVEYS. SITE NAME, NUMBER: ... Lewisville School 21-307 ...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G446", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 79 (report page 69), the survey's recommendations", "excerpt": "A comprehensive study of the African-American population in Clarke County should be conducted including intensive survey work in black communities like Josephine City and Lewisviile [Lewisville].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G447", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "The nomination's list of county record series and its description of the Mechanics Liens series, as quoted in this project's nomination notes; the PDF page was not recorded", "excerpt": "Clarke County Deed Books, Will Books, Mechanics Liens (1870-1904), Land Tax Records ... rare documentation about dwellings in Josephine City in the mid-1870s and 1880s.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G448", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 1, \"Directory\" column, entry \"Gallean Fishermen.\"", "excerpt": "GALLEAN FISHERMEN. The Gallean Fishermen meets twice a month, first and third Thursd[ay] in each month.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G449", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Page 2, standing church directory", "excerpt": "Galilean Fishermen -- first and third Thursday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G450", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, obituary \"Death of Mrs. S. E. Mills\", sentence on the Gallean Fishermen Society", "excerpt": "Mrs. Sarah E. Mills was a member the Gallean Fishermen Society, which turned out in full Regalia and performed their whole duty.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G451", "source_id": "S63", "locator": "Obituary of Mrs. Malinda Burns, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "joined Galilean Fishermen Tabernacle No. 14 in 1896", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G452", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, \"Resolution of Respect\", signature by order of Gideon's Tab. No. 14", "excerpt": "Done by order of Gideon's Tab. No. 14. CORA B. JONES, ex-Scribe.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G453", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, resolution of Rose of Sharn Juvenile Tab. No. 61, with its signatures", "excerpt": "Resolve that we, the members of Rose of Sharn Juvenile Tab. No. 61 of Berryville, Va ... EDWARD M. JONES, R. W. S.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G454", "source_id": "S64", "locator": "Picnic notice, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Berryville Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 213, and Eastern Star Courts of Calanthe No. 239 will hold their Second Annual Pic-nic in Bell's Grove, 1/4 mile East of Berryville, Va., August 1921.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G455", "source_id": "S65", "locator": "Item among the issue's institutions, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Knights of Pythias annual celebration ... at Zion Baptist Church, accompanied by the Court of Calanthe and visiting lodges.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G456", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Milton Valley Cemetery Company advertisement, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "This Company have erected a beautiful MONUMENT in honor to the Stockholders and their beloved dead. ... G. W. Lightfoot, Sec., Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G457", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Advertisements, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Milton Valley Cemetery Co. (G. W. Lightfoot, Sec.).", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G458", "source_id": "S69", "locator": "Page 4, Cemetery Board notice headed \"Milton Valley Cemetery COMPANY\", lower right", "excerpt": "The Cemetery Board of Milton Valley Cemetery wishes to announce that a law went into effect in 1922 that every lot holder is taxed $1.00 per year. We ask each one to please pay your assessment. Mrs. M. C. YOUNG, Sec. JOSEPH LINCOLN, Tres. H. BLACKBURN, Pres.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G459", "source_id": "S83", "locator": "Report of the association's session, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Free Baptist Association, 44th Session, held at Berryville, with delegates \"as far South as 250 miles, Maryland and West Virginia sent up their delegates with money.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G460", "source_id": "S70", "locator": "Church calendar, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Shenandoah Free Baptist Association, 47th Annual Session, Longwood Free Baptist Church, Bedford, Virginia ...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G461", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Social item, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "The Independent Club, of Millwood and Berryville, social was held here in the Fishermen's Hall, Dec. 28, 1911. This is one of the most enjoyable socials of the season.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G462", "source_id": "S69", "locator": "Item on the Frosty Feet Redsocks, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Berryville, Va. -- Frosty Feet Redsocks smeared a neat coat of defeat over the Morgan Grove team, Wednesday [16]inst.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G463", "source_id": "S63", "locator": "Program for the dedication of Zion Baptist Church's new chapel and its May Fair, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Missionary Society devotional, \"How Shall Africa be saved\" ... Mrs. Lucy Franklin, President", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G464", "source_id": "S245", "locator": "Church item, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Rev. Mrs. Fry of Washington, D.C., preached for the Missionary Society of Zion Baptist, Sunday, May 24, 1925.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G465", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Signed advertisement, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mrs. Mary L. Harris, dressmaking, Berryville ... \"I want to cut, fit and make all suits in the latest style; and guarantee satisfaction.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G466", "source_id": "S62", "locator": "Advertisements, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mrs. L. Harris dressmaking, \"Special attention given to children.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G467", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Item among the issue's businesses, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mrs. L. E. Carr, First-Class Restaurant, Church Street, meals all hours.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G468", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Item among the issue's businesses, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mr. Ben Jefferson -- \"New Store!\", \"back at his old stand, the Brandy place\".", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G469", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Item on Miss Fanny Massy's buildings, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Miss Fanny Massy has built a small shoe-shop, and a dwelling house on her Academy lot; both houses are rented out.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G470", "source_id": "S83", "locator": "Business listing, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "H. W. Jackson -- Lunch and Ice-Cream, Liberty Street, Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G471", "source_id": "S64", "locator": "Business listing, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Barber shop, J. L. Davis, Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G472", "source_id": "S243", "locator": "Business listing, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Jack L. Davis, Barber Shop, Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G473", "source_id": "S244", "locator": "Business listing, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "J. L. Davis barber shop", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G474", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "The nomination's account of the founding: the lots and the deed's road", "excerpt": "31 lots, mostly one acre: 16 on the south side, 15 on the north of what is now Josephine Street. The deed stipulates a road at least 16 feet wide ... the land taken off the front of every lot.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G475", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 86 (report page 74), Appendix I, Clarke County alphabetical index: four of its nineteen Josephine Street rows, the others omitted", "excerpt": "21 157 ? Josephine Street; 21 165 ? Josephine Street; 21 173 105 Josephine Street ... 21 163 312 Josephine Street", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G476", "source_id": "S81", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Department to Repair Block", "excerpt": "Mr. Henry G. Shirley, chairman ipf [of] the Virginia State Highway CominisBion [Commission], wroth [wrote] to Mr. Joseph F. Moore, attorney for the Corporation of Berryville, stating that an error had been made in connection with the block of Main street between Church and Buckmarsh Streets. He stated that he had directed the engineer in charge of this district to repair that block also.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G477", "source_id": "S246", "locator": "Page 1, item headed New Sign Enlivens Church Street Now", "excerpt": "NEW SIGN ENLIVENS CHURCH STREET NOW. A new sign of pleasing appearance and illuminated by electric lights now hangs on Church street. It is displayed by Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and graces the entrance to the Legion Building.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G478", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 58 (report page 51), chapter VII, section A, early settlement to 1836: the paragraph on Berryville", "excerpt": "Berryville was established in 1798 on twenty acres of land owned by Benjamin Berry and Sarah Stribling. Main Street was the \"Great Road\" which connected Winchester to Snicker's Gap.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G479", "source_id": "S247", "locator": "Page 1, item headed C. D. Kercheval Returns Here", "excerpt": "... general manager of the Clarke County Oil Company. The new office building which the local company has been erecting Is near completion at th [the] corner of Liberty street along the Norfolk and Western tracks.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G480", "source_id": "S66", "locator": "Local item, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. Robert Taylor's house on North Buckmarsh Street is completed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G481", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 86 (report page 74), Appendix I, Clarke County alphabetical index: its nine Blackburn St. rows, the Josephine Street rows between them omitted", "excerpt": "21 117 14 Blackburn St.; 21 116 15 Blackburn St. ... 21 114 19 Blackburn St.; 21 115 20 (?) Blackburn St. ... 21 118 205 (?) Blackburn St.; 21 119 207 (?) Blackburn St.; 21 112 21 Blackburn St. ... 21 113 22 Blackburn St. ... 21 108 24 Blackburn St.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G482", "source_id": "S60", "locator": "Obituary of Mrs. Lizzie Carter, printed page not recorded", "excerpt": "Mrs. Lizzie Carter ... residence on Lincoln Ave", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G483", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 37 (report page 31), the paragraph on the communities that arose after the Civil War: its closing sentence, on other hamlets", "excerpt": "Other hamlets in the county that were previously surveyed include, Frogtown, Stringtown, Rattlesnake Spring, Webbtown, Stone Bridge, Bethel, and Waterloo.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G484", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 57 (report page 50), section C, World War I to the present, 1914-1991: the paragraph on the commercial resources identified", "excerpt": "Three resources were identified during this project for this time period: Stu's Farm Repair 21-807, Gotterdam-Hann Store 21-809, and Frogtown Store 21-944. Only the Frogtown Store still functions as a rural country store.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G485", "source_id": "S92", "locator": "PDF page 64 (report page 56), table \"Schools from Past Rural Surveys\": the House in Frogtown row", "excerpt": "House in Frogtown 21-400", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G486", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "PDF pages 4 and 5, Section 7 summary, the oldest resource and the start of the period of significance", "excerpt": "The oldest resource in the district is a marked burial for Mary Slowe in the Milton Valley Cemetery (168-5014; 168-5029-0006), dating to 1874. It marks the beginning of the Period of Significance for the historic district, which continues to 1966", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G487", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "PDF page 49, footnote 17", "excerpt": "Clarke County Deed Book P/152-154 (1874); Maral S. Kalbian and Leila O. W. Boyer, \"Final Report: African-American Historic Context, Clarke County, Virginia,\" 55. This parcel may have originally been part of the Milton Valley property.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G488", "source_id": "S248", "locator": "Catalog record notes, as quoted in this project's register of Clarke County newspaper titles", "excerpt": "Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 11, 1862)- ... Ceased in 1862. ... Issue for Mar. 11, 1862 also published in a second ed. ... Issued with: Berryville conservator, Mar. 11, 1862.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G489", "source_id": "S249", "locator": "Catalog record notes, as quoted in this project's register of Clarke County newspaper titles", "excerpt": "The title 'Berryville conservator' may have been coined by the occupying Union troops. ... Issued with: First Minnesota, Mar. 12, 1862, a publication of the First Minnesota Regiment of Union troops which occupied the town.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G490", "source_id": "S240", "locator": "Page 1, item on the Blandy memorial gift to Winchester Memorial Hospital", "excerpt": "\"Ever since the establishment of Winchester Memorial Hospital,\" says the Winchester Star, \"the people of Clarke County have taken a deep interest in its welfare. This interest has frequently found expression in gifts of large size, and the Blandy memorial is now the latest to be announced from the generous hearted people of that community.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G491", "source_id": "S240", "locator": "Page 1, item on the history of the 29th Division presented to Berryville High School", "excerpt": "About twelve members of the Woman's Auxiliary of Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, ... were present at the Berryville High School on the birthday of Robert E. Lee, when the History of the 29th Division in the World War was presented to the school. ... At the conclusion of Mrs. Williams' remarks, Mr. D. G. Cooley, principal of the school, thanked the Auxiliary on behalf of the faculty and pupils.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G492", "source_id": "S250", "locator": "Page 4, item headed January Honor Roll, Boyce High School: its opening, before the pupils' names", "excerpt": "JANUARY HONOR ROLL, BOYCE HIGH SCHOOL. The honor rojl [roll] for the Boyce Agricultural High school for the month of January has been announced by Principal T. F. Akers as follows:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G493", "source_id": "S80", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Miss Pierce Wed Wednesday", "excerpt": "MISS PIERCE WED WEDNESDAY. ... Miss Virginia Pierce, teacher in Berryville high school and daughter of Mr. F. H. Pierce, chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisory [Supervisors] became the bride of Mr. Dean Colston yesterday at noon. The wedding took place at Washington. ... It is understood that she will return here shortly and finish her session's work before departing with her husband for the South.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G494", "source_id": "S251", "locator": "Page 5, item headed Miss Fenton In Charge: the old building, the principal and his assistants", "excerpt": "Miss Fenton In Charge. Miss Agnes Fenton, teacher of the fourth grade in the old school building on Academy street, has been put in charge of the building. Mr D. G. Cooley, principal of the high school, is in charge at the new building, ... and his assistants in that department are the same. They are Miss Frances Wolfe, assistant principal, Mrs. Louise Kerfoot and Miss Willie Morris Snouffer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G495", "source_id": "S251", "locator": "Page 5, item headed Miss Fenton In Charge: the grade teachers in each building", "excerpt": "The intermediate grade teachers are: Miss Ella Holland, seventh, Mrs. Mary D. Sowers, sixth, Miss Beatrice Kackley, fifth, Mrs. Wilbur Price, fourth and fifth, all in the new building on Main street. The teachers in the other building are: Miss Agnes Fenton, fourth and assistant principal it [in] charge; Miss Helen Chrisman, of Winchester, third, Miss O. Ward, second, and Mrs. Ella Hughes, first.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G496", "source_id": "S252", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Health Truck Coming Here: the teachers' institute and its officers", "excerpt": "One of the most interesting teachers' institutes for Clarke and Frederick counties ever held at Berryville met Friday in the auditorium of the high school. Prof. D. G. Cooley, ... [president] of the Clarke county institute, was chairman. ... The Clarke county Institute was reorganized, and the following officers elected: President, D G Cooley Vice-president, Prof Winter Royston; secretary. Miss Katharine Jones and treasurer. Miss Frances Wolfe.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G497", "source_id": "S241", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Schools See Health Movies, schedule for Berryville and Boyce", "excerpt": "It has also been learned that the local arrangement at each place will be under the direction of the principal of each school at that place. Scedule [Schedule] of Moving Pictures bn [on] Public Health Problems. October 19 -- Berryville, Mr. D. G. Cooley. October 20 -- Boyce, Mr. Winter Royston.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G498", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Page 1, teacher assignment list, Riverside, Marvin Chapel, Oak Grove and Hawthorne", "excerpt": "Riverside -- Miss Gladys Rowland, Miss Mary Lee Meade. Marvin Chapel -- Miss Ida Payne. Oak Grove -- Miss Lola Jenkins. Hawthorne -- Miss Nellie Mae Ev [Evans]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G499", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Page 1, teacher assignment list, the end of the Hawthorne entry, Glendale and Pine Grove", "excerpt": "ans. Glendale -- Mrs. Walter Foley, ... Pine Grove -- Mrs. C. C. Elsea.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G500", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Page 1, teacher assignment list, Millwood, Providence Chapel, Bethel and Kinderhook", "excerpt": "Millwood -- Miss Gladys Jenkins ... Providence Chapel -- Mrs. C. Agnes Miller. Bethel -- Miss Edna Grim. Kinderhook -- Miss Eunice Carper.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G501", "source_id": "S241", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Schools See Health Movies, schedule for Providence Chapel", "excerpt": "It has also been learned that the local arrangement at each place will be under the direction of the principal of each school at that place. ... October 23 -- Providence Chapel, Mrs. C. Agnes Miller.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G502", "source_id": "S240", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Mass Meeting for Colored School", "excerpt": "MASS MEETING FOR COLORED SCHOOL. Supervisor W. D. Gresham, of the Colored schools of Virginia, will speak at the Court House in Berryville in the interest of the Clarke County Training school, Friday night, January 30th, at 8 o'clock. There will be remarks by Mr. Leslie D. Kline, Division superintendent, members of the Clarke County school board and T. C. Walker.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G503", "source_id": "S247", "locator": "Page 1, item on the division superintendent's statement that he would be present", "excerpt": "The Courier has received a telephonic message from Mr. Leslie D. Kline, superintendent of schools for the division of Clarke and Frederick Counties ... \"Having learned, from the local papers that meetings will be held ir [in] the Court House at Berryville ... and in the Court House at Winchester ... to [words missing] of the Division Superintendent of Schools ... and not having been informed as to the reasons for this protest, I have decided to be jpresent [present] and will undertake to apswer [answer] any questions that any citizens of eiteh er [either] County may desire to ask", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G504", "source_id": "S260", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Many Present at Presentation: those on the rostrum", "excerpt": "MANY PRESENT AT PRESENTATION. ... About four hundred were present at the exercises at the new high school building ... Those who occupied places of prominence on the rostrum at the school were ... Dr. C. O. Dearmont, of the County school board. Mr. Holmes Hardesty, of the board, Mr. Hugh Pierce, chairman of the County board of Supervisors, and Lieut. Scheuer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G505", "source_id": "S261", "locator": "Page 1, item headed County Negroes Want School: the meeting", "excerpt": "County Negroes Want School. Gathered together to hear Dr. W. Dr. [D.] Gresham, State Supervisor of Negro Education, between three and four hundred of the colored people of Clarke County held an enthusiastic meeting at the Court Houbol [House] Monday night. There was an attentive audience to hear Dr. Gresham, Dr. L. A. Parker, Dr. C. O. Dearmont, chairman of the Clarke County School Board, and E. T. Johnson, local colored educator.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G506", "source_id": "S261", "locator": "Page 1, item headed County Negroes Want School: the division superintendent's remarks", "excerpt": "... the meeting was then turned over to Mr. Leslie D. Kline, division superintendent of schools. Mr. Kline made a few pertinent remarks in which he emphasized the appropriateness of the time selected for the gathering, as the \"May Campaign fdr [for] Education\" had just been launched in this State ... It is the purpose of the State, he continued, that every child shall have equal educational advantages. He introduced Dr. Gresham.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G507", "source_id": "S262", "locator": "Page 2, report of a King's Daughters convention, paragraph headed School Board Members", "excerpt": "School Board Members. Two school board members were present and gave talks on the school situation in the County. Mr. Holmes J. Hardesty, secretary of the Board, stated that they had been invited by Mrs. Smith to tell of the matter, and he introduced the chairman, Dr C O. Deprmont [Dearmont].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G508", "source_id": "S263", "locator": "Page 5, notice from the Clerk's Office of the Circuit Court in a chancery suit over a will", "excerpt": "CLERK'S OFFICE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CLARKE COUNTY ... W. W. Smallwood, Sheriff, and Committee Administrator of Harriet Carter, deceased. IN CHANCERY. The object of this suit is to have the Court construe the will of Daniel Carter, and ascertain the parties entitled to the shares in the distribution of his estate, and to settle the account of the Executor. ... Teste; EUGENE GLOVER. Clerk", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G509", "source_id": "S240", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Treasurer Gives Dog Tax Figures", "excerpt": "TREASURER GIVES DOG TAX FIGURES. County Treasurer W. A. Bradford settled the dog license account for the year 1924 with the Board of Supervisors on January 5, 1925.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G510", "source_id": "S246", "locator": "Page 1, item headed 11 School Truants Reported to Judge", "excerpt": "11 SCHOOL TRUANTS REPORTED TO JUDGE. Miss Rose MacDonald, judge of the juvenile and domestic relations court of Clarke County, stated Wednesday that eleven cases of violation of the compulsory school attendance law had been reported to her. ... All of the cases handled by Miss MacDonald have been easily smoothed out by means of letters to the proper parents.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G511", "source_id": "S246", "locator": "Page 1, item on an appeal from a magistrate's decision to the County Court", "excerpt": "... who appealed the decision of Magistrate John T. Crow in the case which ... brought against her for repairs to his automobile necessary following an accident last July, was awarded a verdict by a jury in the County Court, annulling the verdict the plaintiff won in the lower court. The case same [came] up for hearing last Saturday before Judge Frank B. Whiting.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G512", "source_id": "S246", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Cannot Sell Drinks Without a Permit", "excerpt": "CANNOT SELL DRINKS WITHOUT A PERMIT. It is unlawful to sell any kind of drinks without a permit from the Circuit Court, as Judge Frank B. Whiting pointed out last Saturday when complaint was made ... They were ordered by the Court to suspend such sale pending the securing of a permit.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G513", "source_id": "S246", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Robt. B. Crawford Takes New Position", "excerpt": "ROBT. B. CRAWFORD TAKES NEW POSITION. Former County Agent Robert B. Crawford, of Clarke and Warren, and for the past year of Warren County alone, has accepted a similar posotion [position] in Prince Edward County. He will take up his new duties about February 15th. ... For a year Mr. Crawford served both Clarke and Warren Counties and January 1st, 1925, he took up the position in Warren, when his term expired here. Clarke has been without a County agent since that time.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G514", "source_id": "S264", "locator": "Page 1, item on a Democratic mass meeting at the Court House", "excerpt": "Resolutions were adopted at the mass meeting calling upon the Democratic executive committee of the County to endorse Mr. Pierce's can-i dtdacy [candidacy] ... Mr. Pierce's name was placed before the meeting by Hon. W. T. Lewis, chairman of th# [the] Democratic Com mlttee [Committee], who heartily endorsed Mr. Pierce ... The meeting was headed by Mr. Joseph Denny, of White Post, member of the County Democratic Committee, who acted as chairman.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G515", "source_id": "S264", "locator": "Page 4, notice of wedding licenses issued by the County Clerk", "excerpt": "The following wedding licenses were issued last week by the County Clerk, Mr. Eugene Glover--", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G516", "source_id": "S262", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Democrate Will Elect Members", "excerpt": "DEMOCRATE [DEMOCRATS] WILL ELECT MEMBERS. To County Executive Committee In Primary To Be Held la [in] August. Following a meeting of the Clirke [Clarke] County Democratic Executive Committee last Thursday at the office ot [of] the Chairman, Hon. W. T. Lewis, it was announced that members of tl>3 [the] committee to serve for the ensuing two-year period would be elected at the August primary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G517", "source_id": "S262", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Democrats Adopt Resolution for Primary", "excerpt": "DEMOCRATS ADOPT RESOLUTION FOR PRIMARY. The following resolution was adopted by the Democratic Executive Committee of Clarke County, Virginia, at a meeting held on May 2Sth [28th]. Resolved by the Democratic Committee of Clarke County, Virginia, that the nominee of this party for the House of Delegates for the district consisting of Frederick and Clarke counties and the city of Winchester, shall be selected by direct primary to be held on August 4th, 1925 ... W. T. Lewis. Chairman. T. B. Hardesty, Secretary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G518", "source_id": "S82", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Women's Democratic Club Meets Today", "excerpt": "WOMEN'S DEMOCRATIC CLUB MEETS TODAY. The Womna's [Woman's] Democratic Club of Clarke County will meet this afternoon, Thursday, at 6 o'clock, at the home of the chairman, Miss Rose MacDonald, at whose call the members will gather.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G519", "source_id": "S265", "locator": "Page 1, item headed Denny's Name for Senate", "excerpt": "DENNY'S NAME FOR SENATE ... Mr. Joseph S. Denny of White Post will be put forward by the delegation from Clarke for the Democratic nomination for the Sta'te sena torsliip [State senatorship] to succeed Hon. H, F. Byrd, resigned, according to plans made last Saturday afternoon. The convention held at the Court House ... Mr. Denny, a member of the Democratic Executive Committee, presided Saturday in the absence of the chairman, Hon. W. T. Lewis.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G520", "source_id": "S266", "locator": "Page 5, notice of a public sale of strayed horses", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE of Strayed Horses. Found on the Winchester-Berryville Pike near the Opequon last week. If not called for by Saturday, Sept 12th will be sold at noon in front of the Court House, Dan T. Shepherd, Game Warden.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G521", "source_id": "S251", "locator": "Page 1, article on the proposed town water bonds", "excerpt": "... the Council favored the issuance of bonds by the Town in the amount of $55,000.00 ... There likewise appeared a copy of the Order entered by the Hon F. B. Whiting, Judge of the Circuit Court of Clarke County, calling an election of the qualified voters of the Town to determine whether or not Buch [such] bonds shall be issued, the date of such election being fixed for Thursday, September the 24th, next.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G522", "source_id": "S252", "locator": "Page 6, item reprinted from the Harrisonburg News-Record", "excerpt": "Town Will Be Reedy [Ready] ... The Next Drought. Harrisonburg News-Record. Capt. John H. Enders, Funeral Director of Berryville and chief of the Berryville Fire Company, in Harrisonburg yesterday attending pie [the] meeting of the Shenandoah Valley Funeral Directors, declared Berryrille [Berryville] will be prepared for the next drought so far as its water supply is concerned. \"We voted a $55,000 bond issue for the construction of a big reservoir bn [on] the hill overlooking the town,\" he said", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G523", "source_id": "S241", "locator": "Page 6, notice headed Sheriff's Sale", "excerpt": "SHERIFF'S SALE. By virtue of an order issued by S. D. Estep, Justice of the Peace, Clarke County, ... directing the sale of a certain Ford automobile for a balance due the Boyce Garage ... I offer at Public Auction at the Boyce Garage in Boyce Clarke County, Va. to the highest bidder, on SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1925 ... W. W. SMALLWOOD, Sheriff of Clarke County Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G524", "source_id": "S267", "locator": "Page 1, notice of the Local Board of Equalization of Assessments", "excerpt": "You are hereby notified that the Local Board of Equalization of Assessments of Clarke County, Va., will meet at the office of the Commissioner of the Revenue in Berryville, Va., on November 10, 11 and 12 to hear grievances and complaints with regard to assessments. LOCAL BOARD OF EQI AIAZA* TION [EQUALIZATION] OF ASSESSMENTS By C. T. Hardesty, Chairman.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G525", "source_id": "S268", "locator": "Page 1, item headed The Hoodoo Was a Distinct Success", "excerpt": "Jhe [the] three act comedy shown at the Parish Hall, Boyce, last week by friends and members of the faculty of the Boyce Agricultural High school ... Among those enjoying the play was Hon. W. A. Bradford, Treasurer of Clarke County, who was pleasantly impressed by the acting", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G526", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 53, register entry for the marriage of Frederick Adams and Emma Walker", "excerpt": "ADAMS, Frederick (col); s/o Edmund & Ella ADAMS; 26y; sgl; farm hand; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 6 Jan 1881 at bride's residence to WALKER, Emma (col); d/o Paul & Judy WALKER; 21 y; sgl; b. Nelson Co. Va; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G527", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 53, register entry for the marriage of Elijah Addison and Arrena Harris", "excerpt": "ADDISON, Elijah (col); s/o Andrew & Charlotte ADDISON; 33y; sgl; farm hand; b. JeffWVA; res. ClrkVA; m. 28 Sep 1878 at ClrkVA to HARRIS, Arrena (col); d/o not known; 29y; wid; b. WrnVA; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G528", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 53, register entry for the marriage of Philip J. Afflick and Marcella Deahl", "excerpt": "AFFLICK, Philip J.; s/o A. G. & Ann E. AFFLICK; 29y; wid; blacksmith; b. FredVA; res. Berryville; m. 4 Oct 1866 at Berryville to DEAHL, Marcella; d/o Wm. & Ann DEAHL; 23y; sgl; b. ClrkVA; res. Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G529", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 53, register entry for the marriage of Benjamin F. Alexander and Eliza Willingham", "excerpt": "ALEXANDER, Benjamin F.; s/o Joel & Catharine ALEXANDER; 22y; sgl; farmer; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 17 Oct 1872 at ClrkVA to WILLINGHAM, Eliza; d/o Wm. & WILLINGHAM; 23y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G530", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 54, register entry for the marriage of Robert E. Allder and Laura V. Knight", "excerpt": "ALLDER, Robert E.; s/o S. M. and Maria ALLDER; 21 y; sgl; farmer; b. LdnVA; res. ClrkVA; m. 14 Oct 1875 at near Castleman's Ferry to KNIGHT, Laura V.; d/o George and Mary KNIGHT; 24y; sgl; b. LdnVA; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G531", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 54, register entry for the marriage of Edward Allen and Sally Thompson", "excerpt": "ALLEN, Edward (col); s/o Josiah & Mary ALLEN; 32y; sgl; farm hand; b. Amherst Co. Va; res. ClrkVA; m. 25 Mar 1885 at Berryville to THOMPSON, Sally (col); d/o James & Laly THOMPSON; 19y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G532", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 55, register entry for the marriage of Roger P. Annan and Adelaide S. Hall", "excerpt": "ANNAN, Roger P.; s/o James R. & Isabella P. ANNAN; 22y; sgl; merchant; b. Cumberland, Maryland; res. ClrkVA; m. 23 Oct 1867 at bride's residence to HALL, Adelaide S.; d/o Edward & Catharine V. HALL; 18y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G533", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 56, register entry for the marriage of William B. Atkins and Annie Virginia Lock", "excerpt": "ATKINS, William B.; s/o Robert & Rebecca ATKINS; 21 y; sgl; shoemaker; b. RappVA; res. ClrkVA; m. 8 Oct 1867 at bride's residence to LOCK, Annie Virginia; d/o Benjamine & Rohemmy LOCK; 21 y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G534", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 57, register entry for the marriage of Welby H. Baldwin and L. V. Gordon", "excerpt": "BALDWIN, Welby H.; s/o Joseph & Eliza H. BALDWIN; 23y; sgl; farmer; b. LdnVA; res. ClrkVA; m. 6 Mar 1884 at ClrkVA to GORDON, L. V.; d/o Geo. W. & Lydia GORDON; 23y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G535", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 57, register entry for the marriage of John Banks and Maria Marston", "excerpt": "BANKS, John (col); s/o Felin and Mary BANKS; 22y; sgl; farm hand; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 3 Feb 1881 at Millwood to MARSTON, Maria (col); d/o Parker and Nancy MARSTON; 23y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G536", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 57, register entry for the marriage of William Banks and Betsey Hubbard", "excerpt": "BANKS, William (col); s/o Fealin & Mary BANKS; 22y; sgl; farm hand; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 28 Aug 1884 at ClrkVA to HUBBARD, Betsey (col); d/o Parker & Mary HUBBARD; 22y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G537", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 58, register entry for the marriage of James Barber and Barbara A. Edmonds", "excerpt": "BARBER, James; s/o William & Patty BARBER; 21 y; sgl; farm hand; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. Wednesday 26 Dec 1877 at White Post to EDMONDS, Barbara A.; d/o James & Mary EDMONDS; 22y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G538", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of Julius Karr Bartlett and Bettie L. Berlin", "excerpt": "BARTLETT, Julius Karr; s/o Henry & Caroline BARTLETT; 36y; sgl; farmer; b. Missouri; res. ClrkVA; m. 12 Dec 1877 at Berryville to BERLIN, Bettie L.; d/o Lewis & Jane E. BERLIN; 22y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G539", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of Cyrus D. Baughman and Mary E. Young", "excerpt": "BAUGHMAN, Cyrus D.; s/o Amos & Julian BAUGHMAN; 24y; sgl; miller; b. Pennsylvania; res. ClrkVA; m. 13 Feb 1878 at Berryville to YOUNG, Mary E.; d/o Wm. H. & Lucy C. YOUNG; 21y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G540", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of Milton A. Baughman and Mary S. Duble", "excerpt": "BAUGHMAN, Milton A.; s/o Amos & Julia BAUGHMAN; 27y; sgl; miller; b. York Co. Pennsylvania; res. ClrkVA; m. 28 Aug 1884 at ClrkVA to DUBLE, Mary S.; d/o Aaron & Jane E. DUBLE; 23y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G541", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of Silas F. Baughman and Laura V. Parshall", "excerpt": "BAUGHMAN, Silas F.; s/o Harry & Eliz’th BAUGHMAN; 38y; wid; merchant; b. York Co. Penn; res. ClrkVA; m. 25 Feb 1886 at bride's residence to PARSHALL, Laura V.; d/o Vincent & E. A. PARSHALL; 38y; sgl; b. Fayette Co. Penn; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G542", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of William Baxter and Sarah E. Alexander", "excerpt": "BAXTER, William; s/o John & Catharine BAXTER; 35y; sgl; farmer; b. Maryland; res. ClrkVA; m. 19 Aug 1879 at ClrkVA to ALEXANDER, Sarah E.; d/o James & Jane ALEXANDER; 21 y; sgl; b. LdnVA; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G543", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 59, register entry for the marriage of Thomas Bayles and Elizabeth Littleton", "excerpt": "BAYLES, Thomas; s/o Charles H. & Eliz'th BAYLES; 23y; sgl; farmer; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 24 Feb 1881 at LdnVA to LITTLETON, Elizabeth; d/o William & Mary LITTLETON; 21 y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G544", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 61, register entry for the marriage of James W. Bennett and Ella E. Pope", "excerpt": "BENNETT, James W.; s/o Peter & Phebe BENNETT; 22y; sgl; farmer; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 27 Apr 1882 at ClrkVA to POPE, Ella E.; d/o Michael & Lizzie POPE; 21y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G545", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 61, register entry for the marriage of Walter T. Bennett and Hannah Elizabeth Osburn", "excerpt": "BENNETT, Walter T.; s/o Webb & Mary BENNETT; 27y; sgl; clerk; b. city of New York; res. ClrkVA; m. 3 Jul 1866 at residence of bride's mother in ClrkVA to OSBURN, Hannah Elizabeth; d/o Rolin & Charlotte OSBURN; 24y; sgl; b. LdnVA; res. ClrkVA", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G546", "source_id": "S272", "locator": "Page 1, game warden's notice on dog license tags", "excerpt": "All dogs should be wearing 1923 now. After the first of May there will 'oe [be] a fine imposed on all owners of dogs found without 1923 tags. The law reads that dogs must wear license tags at all times, except when hunting. B. F, Lippitt, Game Warden.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G547", "source_id": "S276", "locator": "Page 1, report of the death of Brig. Gen. Robert F. Leedy and the guard of honor at his funeral", "excerpt": "Brig.-GenJ [Gen.] Robert F. Leedy, Virginia National Guard, retired, ... died at his home at Luray last Saturday night ... A group of guardsmen from Berryville w^nt [went] to attend the services ... These were: 1st. Lieut. L. D. Scheuer, Master Sgt. H J Duke, 1st. Sgt. B. F Lippitt, Sgt Edgar Carter, ... They acted as a military guard of honor.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G548", "source_id": "S274", "locator": "Page 1, list of teacher appointments for the county's schools", "excerpt": "Several positions in the county's teaching ofrce [force] have not been filled as yet, so that the list given below is only partially complete. The list of appointments already made is: ... Berryville High School, Prin., Mr. Cooley; Miss Frances Wolfe; M'o [Miss] Edith Estep; Miss Ella Holland; Mrs. Winter Sowers; Miss Virginia Pierce; Miss Agnes Fenton; Miss Beatrice Kackley; Miss Cassie Pidgeon. ... Boyce High School Prin. (Not named yet.) Miss T. C. Cox; ... Miss Lille [Lillie] Garver;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G549", "source_id": "S282", "locator": "Page 1, report on the opening of the town schools, with the faculty", "excerpt": "TOWN SCHOOLS OPEN SOON ... The faculty of the local school will not see so- many changes, most of the positions being the same as announced earlier. ... primary, Miss Agnes Fenton, fourth; Miss Elizabeth Malone, third Miss Cassie Pidgeon, second; Mrs. Ella Hughes, first.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G550", "source_id": "S279", "locator": "Page 1, item on the district oratorical contest at Harrisonburg", "excerpt": "Miss Frances Payne goes to Harrisonburg today to represent Clarke in the Distrct [District] oratorical contest. Miss Payne will be accompanied by Miss Edith Estep, teacher of English at Berryville High school, and Mr. D. G. Cooley, principal of the school will probably go.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G551", "source_id": "S275", "locator": "Page 4, item on the new leagues of the Gaylord School", "excerpt": "GAYLORD SCHOOL * COMMUNITY AND JR. LEAGUES The Gaylord School has organized Community aud [and] Junior leagues. The officers for the community league are: Mr. H. C. Barthel, president.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G552", "source_id": "S278", "locator": "Page 6, item on a meeting of the Gaylord Community League", "excerpt": "GAYLORD SCHOOL The Gaylord Community league held its last meeting in February. Mr. H. C. Barthel, the president, explained the purpose of the league", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G553", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 3, annual report of the treasurer of the Corporation of Berryville", "excerpt": "THE ANNUAL REPORT qF [OF] THE TREASURER OF THE CORPORATION OF BERRYVILLE General report of J. EM. [Ed.] Ogden, Corporation Treasurer for the rear [year] September 1, 1921 to September 1, 1922. Submitted to the Town Council at Its regular meeting in September, 1922.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G554", "source_id": "S284", "locator": "Page 7, notice that water taxes are due", "excerpt": "WATER TAXES DUE DEC. 1st Commence ^o [to] think and be ready for it. Supply cut if not paid by December 10th. J. Ed. Ogden, Treasurer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G555", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 1, personal item on county officers ill with the flu", "excerpt": "The \"flu\" epidemic caught Commonwealth's Attorney Joseph F. Moore In Its net last week. Mr. Moore was kept at home for three days. He is now out.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G556", "source_id": "S280", "locator": "Page 5, personal item on a new private secretary", "excerpt": "... has accepted the place as private secretary of Commonwealth Attorney Joseph F. Moore here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G557", "source_id": "S283", "locator": "Page 1, report on the opening of Boyce High School, with its faculty", "excerpt": "feDYCE [BOYCE] HIGH AND ' RURAL SCHOOLS OPEN * v Boyce High School, which opens On September 15th, has several new teachers. ... The following are* the faculty; T. F. Akers, principal; ... Miss Lillie Garver, 5th and 6th grades;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G558", "source_id": "S273", "locator": "Page 3, report of the literary contests between the Boyce and Berryville high schools", "excerpt": "BOYCE STUDENTS WIN LITERARY CONTESTS Defeat BerryviUc [Berryville] Pupils in Reading, Public .Speaking #n^l [and] Debate ... debaters, whose, subject wits [was] \"Resolved, that the prln-j clpai [principle] of the open shop should prevail In American Industry,\" Miss Lola j ' Funkhouser and Clay Carr of Boyce, took the affirmative", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G559", "source_id": "S281", "locator": "Page 1, calendar of the Boyce High School commencement, with the senior class roll", "excerpt": "BOYCE HIGH COMMENCEMENT ... The calendar of commencement exercices at Boyce Agricultural High school has been announced ... The senior class roll is: Miss Louise Baker, president; Miss Elizabeth Hauptman, vice-president; Miss Lola Funkhouser, secretary;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G560", "source_id": "S271", "locator": "Page 4, report of the organizing of the Berryville Branch of the Virginia League of Woman Voters", "excerpt": "Women voters of Clarke county .net [met] at the home of Miss Rose MacDonald Monday and organized the Berryville Branch of the Virgin) t esgue [Virginia League] of Woman [V]oters. ... Chairmen of standing committees were elected as follows: ... Women in Industry, Mrs. Frank B. Whiting;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G561", "source_id": "S277", "locator": "Page 1, item on an injury in a fall", "excerpt": "MRS FRANK WHITING * SUFFERS INJURIES * Mrs. Frank B. Whiting slipped and teil [fell] last Sunday breaking her ltg [leg] in two places. Abe yu [She was] taken W [to] Winchester to the hospital, but was -resting well Wednesday afternoon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G562", "source_id": "S285", "locator": "Page 2, notice of a public sale", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE Having decided to quit farming and devote my entire time to doctoring animals of every kind, I will sell at public auction on THURSDAY, JANUARY 11, 1023 [1923] ... Coleman Dunn, Auctioneer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G563", "source_id": "S286", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Clarke County Farmers' Union's annual election of officers", "excerpt": "D. C. Harrison Elected President of Farmers’ Union The Clarke County Farmers Union, at their annual meeting last Thursday night for the election of officers for the ensuing year, ... Other officers elected were: Vice-Presidents—Clifton Price, of be [the] Berryviile Local; ... (These men are presi .ents [presidents] of their locals.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G564", "source_id": "S287", "locator": "Page 1, item on a picture shown at the \"New Theatre\"", "excerpt": "PLEASES BIO [BIG] CROWD AT THE NEW THEATRE “The Prisoner of Zenda,” ... was shown in the New Theatre last night ... The picture consists of ten reels and was shown without a stop by use of two machines which Owner John H. Huyett has Installed In the New Theatre.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G565", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 2, notice of a public sale", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE Having decided to discontinue farming, I will have a cleanup sale ... Coleman Dunn Auctioneer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G566", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 4, legal notice certifying a special commissioners' bond in the Circuit Court", "excerpt": "Tn [In] the Circuit .Court of Clurkt [Clarke] County. ... I, Lucy A. Allen Deputy-Clerk o! [of] aald [said] court, certify that the bond required of the Special Commlssionei [Commissioners] by the decree in said cause ... has been dull [duly] given. ... Lucy A. Allen, Deputy-Clerk", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G567", "source_id": "S290", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Woman's Club's annual meeting and election of officers", "excerpt": "THK [THE] WOMAN’S CUB [CLUB] CONVENKS [CONVENES] ... the Woman’s Club Clarke county held its annual meeting Thursday, April 26 the election of officers for the ensuing year. The following mem. hers were elected to office: President, Miss Kate Powers. Vice President, Miss Emma Jones.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G568", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Democratic Executive Committee's meeting on nominees and its membership", "excerpt": "At a meeting of the Democratic Executive Committee held in the office of W. T. Lewis the 2?>rd [23rd] day ot [of] June, 1 923, the following names wen [were] declared nominees at Primary August Tth [7th] for the respective offices hereinafter set forth. ... Battletowr. [Battletown] District: There being no opposition. Frank McCormick. . present incumbent, was declared the nominee. ... Tile [The] said Committee elected Henry Rutherford, from Longmarsh District. to fill the vacancy of the late John Rutherford.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G569", "source_id": "S292", "locator": "Page 1, item on the son of the chairman of the Electoral Board", "excerpt": "... Mr. Will-1 |iain [William] H. Mesmer, chairman of the Clarke County Electoral Board and a well known retired farmer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G570", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 1, report on the committee directing the county worker", "excerpt": "... a Committee succedlng [succeeding] the Health Committee who wilt [will] select and direct the County Worker, ... Mrs. Jessie T. Scott has been secured for work over the County and will begin her duties on the fifteenth of August Mrs Sco't will confine her attention to Infant Welfare work until the opening of ,the public schools", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G571", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 2, the Woman's Club's printed program for 1923-24, with its officers and committees", "excerpt": "1923.24 Program ... Womans Club of Clarkf: [Clarke] County ... The Officers of The Club art [are] President..... Miss Kate A Powers ... PROGRAM COMMITTEE - Mrs. A. Cummins. Chairman. ... Mias [Miss] Alice C. Ferguson. ... SOCIAL COMMITTER [COMMITTEE] Mrs. Frank B. Whiting. Mrs. Jos. F. Moore. Miss Annie T. Ferguson.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G572", "source_id": "S294", "locator": "Page 1, resolutions of the Board of Supervisors on the death of a member", "excerpt": "RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS At a meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Clarke County, Virginia, held at the Court House thereof on Monday, September 10th 1923; BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Clarke County: That the members of this Board have heard with profound sorrow of the death of Mr. Frank McCormick, late a member of this Board;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G573", "source_id": "S295", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Golden Rule Circle of the King's Daughters' election of officers", "excerpt": "GOLDEN RULE CIRCLE OF KING’S DAUGHTERS ELECTS NEW OFFICERS At the regular monthly meeting of the Ooiden Rult [Golden Rule] Circle of the King'* ' Daughters, held in the American Legion rooms, the following officer* were elected for the coming year: ... Vlce-Pres. Miss Ollie Thomas ... Treas. Miss Mamie White ... the state convention, which Is to be held in Staunton from the 23rd to the 26 of October. The following delegates were elected to attend this convention— ... Miss Agnes Tapscott.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G574", "source_id": "S295", "locator": "Page 4, notice of Democratic candidates unopposed in the November general election", "excerpt": "DEMOCRATS UNOPPOSED IN GENERAL ELECTION Democratic Candidates for state and local offices will be unopposed in the State election, to be held in the ounty [county] November 6. ... For Board of Supervisors of Clarke County, Battletown District: Clifton Price;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G575", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, item on a Berryville woman's new church position at Durham", "excerpt": "BERRYV1LLE [BERRYVILLE] WOMAN ... Miss Emma Jones Goes To Or. [Dr.] Scanlon’s Church In Durham, Miss Emma Jones has accepted a position with the First Presbyterian church, according to an announcement made yesterday by Dr. D. H. Scanlon, the pastor.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G576", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, report of the instituting of Treadwell Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star", "excerpt": "Treadwell Chaptct [Chapter], Order of Ea«ern [Eastern] Star, was duly Instituted on the •vcnlng [evening] of Saturday, November 21, ... The officers of the local chapter as announced recently have been changed to some extent. They are now: ... Miss Nettie Owens, chaplin [chaplain].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G577", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, report of the American Legion post's election of officers", "excerpt": "NEW OFFICERS FOR THE AMERICAN LEGION ... Mr. Jetson F. Spates was again elected post commander of Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, American Legion, ... Other officers named for the year are: Mr. Rice W. Levi, vice commander, Mr. Ernest Locke, treasurer,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G578", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, item on the Red Cross seal sale and the fight against tuberculosis", "excerpt": "TUBERCULOSIS FIGHT In connection with the annual sale of red cross seals to help stamp out tuberculosis, Dr. Jessie T. Scott, county nurse, has the following to before the people of Clark county:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G579", "source_id": "S297", "locator": "Page 1, report of the organizing of the Old Chapel School Community League", "excerpt": "OLD CHAPEL LEAGUE JUSF [JUST] ORGANIZED The Community League of the Old Chapel School was organized on the evening of November 28, following a Thanksgiving program rendered by the Junior League. The following officers were elected: ... Miss Mamie Spates, vice pefsident [president],", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G580", "source_id": "S297", "locator": "Page 8, report of Battletown Lodge's election of officers", "excerpt": "I. O. O. F. LODGE NEWS Battletown Lodge No. 9S [98] held a very interesting meeting in Masonic Hall Tuesday evening with a good attendance. This being the regular election night, the following officers were elected for the ensuing term: ... John W. Riely, Treas.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G581", "source_id": "S298", "locator": "Page 3, attendance of the county schools by school and teacher", "excerpt": "The school, the teacher, the per* outage [percentage] of attendance and rank I* herewith given in their respective order: ... Riverside—Mrs. Miller and Mias [Miss] Mattie Marlowe, 88.6; 8. ... The E. O. Coiner library goes to the Hont School for having the highest percentage of attendance for January.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G582", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 3, attendance of the county schools for February, by school and teacher", "excerpt": "INK GROVE [PINE GROVE] SCHOOL LEADS IN ATTENDANCE IN MONTH OF FEBRUARY ... Tht [The] attendance record of Clarke schoos [schools] for pebruary [February] is as follows: ... Hawthorne, Miss Carolyn Kackley teacher, 84 per cent. ... Marvin, Miss Helen Jobe teacher, 74.5 pe_cent. ... Pierce, Miss Della McAb0y [McAboy] teacher 73.9 percent.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G583", "source_id": "S299", "locator": "Page 1, item on the Old Chapel School pupils writing on the men buried in the graveyard", "excerpt": "OLD CHAPEL SCHOOL PUPILS TO WRITE UP CLARKE'S GREAT MAX [MEN] Principal Bruce Golighlly [Golightly] Tells His Pupils to Study Work and Charar. ter [Character] of men Buried in Historic Graveyard. ... Briggs, March 26—Principal Bruce Golightiy [Golightly], of the Old Chapel School, wants his pupils to know something of the lives and work of the great Clarke County men who are buried", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G584", "source_id": "S300", "locator": "Page 1, report on the progress of the Berryville schools", "excerpt": "liERRYVILLE [BERRYVILLE] SCHOOL SHOWS VERY MARKED PROGRESS ... The present staff ot [of] teachers will be maintained, it is reported, with the exception of Miss Ella Gray who does not Intend to teach next year.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G585", "source_id": "S274", "locator": "Page 1, list of teacher appointments for the county's schools", "excerpt": "Several positions in the county's teaching ofrce [force] have not been filled as yet, so that the list given below is only partially complete. The list of appointments already made is: ... Riverside, Miss Bessie Thornton; Miss Clara Rush. ... Oak Grove, Miss Josephine Stipe. Hawthorne, Miss Carolyn Kackley. ... Pine Grove, Miss Elsie Kelley. ... Providence Chapel, Miss Hazel Martin.; Miss Elva Kelley. ... Mt. Carmel, Miss Mary Wharton. Shenandoah, Mr. Emmett Day. ... Millwood Col., Lawrence Phillipps;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G586", "source_id": "S301", "locator": "Page 4, report of an attempted robbery of the Berryville post office", "excerpt": "POSTOFFICE ROBBERS ARE FOILED BY DEPUTY SHERRI FF [SHERIFF] C. M. FRLTNER [FELTNER] ... Postoffice robbers came to Berryvllle [Berryville] last Wednesday night ... Mr. Feltner then called Miss Bertie Lesser, the telephone operator,who aroused other citizens. ... Miss Bertie Lesser, the telephone oprator [operator], who helped arouse the citizens, was given a medal by the C.&P. Telephone Co.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G587", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, list of war honors awarded Clarke soldiers, from the Virginia War History", "excerpt": "From the first volume of the Virginia War History, Col. Alfred B. Williams. Editor of The Leesburg Miror [Mirror], has complied the list of soldiers from Clarke and adjoining counties who were awarded medals for valor and meritorious duty during the World War. ... This volume does not give the name of James Lindsey, son of Postmaster E. A. Lindsey of Boyce, who received a war medal for valor at the front in France. This may be “Jim's’’ fault, as he is a modest young man and strenuously objected to Courier's publication of the award to him at the time it was made.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G588", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, list of war honors awarded Clarke soldiers, from the Virginia War History", "excerpt": "From the first volume of the Virginia War History, ... has complied the list of soldiers from Clarke and adjoining counties who were awarded medals for valor and meritorious duty during the World War. ... William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross. St. Etienne Oct. 4, 19IS [1918], \"for extraordinary heroism in action. After he had been severely wounded by a shell, he managed, by a sumpente [supreme] effort, to regain sufficient consciousness to acquaint his successor with the necessary information for continuance of the struggle.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G589", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 3, notice of candidacy for overseer of the poor in Long Marsh District", "excerpt": "NOTICE TO VOTERS OF LONG MARSH I hereby announce myself as a candidate for Overseer of the Poor in Long Marsh district subject to the Democratic Primary to be held August 7. ... Holmes E. McAbov [McAboy] Wadesville, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G590", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Democratic Executive Committee's nominees", "excerpt": "At a meeting of the Democratic Executive Committee held in the office of W. T. Lewis the 2?>rd [23rd] day ot [of] June, 1 923, the following names wen [were] declared nominees at Primary August Tth [7th] for the respective offices hereinafter set forth. ... Justice of the Peace: ... Chape! [Chapel] District: John F. Stinson.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G591", "source_id": "S302", "locator": "Page 4, personal item on a lecturer to speak at the Harrisonburg Normal School", "excerpt": "Miss Mary Elisabeth Pidgeon, (laughter [daughter] of Mr. Lewis Pidgeon of Wadesville, who is regarded as one of the best woman lecturers in the ountry [country], and who Iq [is] connected with extension department of the University of Virginia, will be one of the principal speakers at the summer session of Harrisonburg Normal School. She will deliver her first lecture on good government Friday. Miss Pidgeon took an active part In creating sentiment for the ratification of the amendment to the Federal constitution, giving women the right to vote.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G592", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 3, card of thanks to the voters of Long Marsh", "excerpt": "CARD OF THANKS ... To the Voters Of Long Marsh: I wish to extend my sincere thanks to the Voters of Long Marsh for the loyal support they gave me in the Primary Election* Tuesdav [Tuesday]. August 7th, for my election of Overseer of the Poor. Very respectfully, - Holmes E. McAboy.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G593", "source_id": "S295", "locator": "Page 4, notice of Democratic candidates unopposed in the November general election", "excerpt": "DEMOCRATS UNOPPOSED IN GENERAL ELECTION Democratic Candidates for state and local offices will be unopposed in the State election, to be held in the ounty [county] November 6. ... For Justiecs [Justices] of the Peace of Clarke County, ... Chapel District ... J. F. Stinson. For overseer of the Poor of Clarke County, ... Chapel District Ernest L. Alger; Longmarsh District Holmes E. Mc Aboy.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G594", "source_id": "S305", "locator": "Page 2, list of the members of the local Farmers' Unions", "excerpt": "At the present tittle [time] there are five local Farmers’ Unions in Clarke county and a County Farmers' Union ... a list of the members of our local unions follows. (The list includes only members paid up to January 1st, 1921.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G595", "source_id": "S305", "locator": "Page 2, list of the members of the local Farmers' Unions, continued", "excerpt": "White Post President—J. H. Funkhouser Vice President—Baker Chamblin Sec'y.Treas.—T. L. Chrisman", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G596", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, Farmers' Union notes, \"To Make Drive For Dues\"", "excerpt": "To Make Drive For Duos [Dues]. The Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union,, at its meeting Tuesday night, decided to make a drive tc [to] collect delinquent dues. ... All farmers, who have not paid, are askeo [asked] to send the dues to Treasurer W. T. Chamb. lin. Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G597", "source_id": "S306", "locator": "Page 3, Farmers' Union notes and list of members of the Berryville Local", "excerpt": "Farmers' I'nion [Union] members ... Members of Berryville Local i'res. [Pres.]—Dr J. E. Harris V. I'res. [Pres.]—Clifton Price Secy._Treus. [Treas.]— W. T. Chamblin ... S. S. Thomas", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G598", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, report of the new Berryville Basket Co.", "excerpt": "Btrrnilie [Berryville] Basket Go. [Co.] ... These meu [men], with Messrs. P. J. Keymel, S. S. Thomas and C. H. Phillips, will constitute the Board of Directors.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G599", "source_id": "S307", "locator": "Page 4, County Agent's Notes, \"New Local at Wadesville\"", "excerpt": "New Local at Waderrille [Wadesville]. On Friday, Jan. *nditurcs [expenditures] of Clarke County, Virgin in [Virginia], out of 1920 Levy, and for ^carj-ndin^- [year ending] September 1st. 1921 ... L K. Briggs, Assessor of Lands ... ... 315 00", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G612", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 2, notice of public sale of an automobile", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE OVE R LA XD^AU TOMOBII.E [OVERLAND AUTOMOBILE] The undersigned will soil [sell] an Over, land Automobile in front of the Court House, Berryville, Va., at 2 p, m., SATl'RDAY, FEB. 4th, 1022. ... J. M. LITTON, Deputy Sheriff of Clarke County For W. W. Smallwood, Sheriff", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G613", "source_id": "S314", "locator": "Page 4, local news items", "excerpt": "Street Supt. Dan Hickerson can do some good work, during the spare foments [moments] of the street .cleaning f.'rce [force].. by having the weeds and tall glass [grass] shopped [chopped] down along the pavement on Church street.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G614", "source_id": "S315", "locator": "Page 1, item \"George E. Morgan Kills Rattlesnake on Blue Ridge\"", "excerpt": "GEORGE E. MORGAN KILLS RATTLESNAKE ON BLUE RIDGE Mr. George E. Morgan, when returning Tuesday with Police Chief Dan Hickerson. killed a rattlesnake which was suiting [sunning] itself in the road.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G615", "source_id": "S317", "locator": "Page 4, item \"George C. Thomas 81 Years Old Tuesday\"", "excerpt": "GEORGE C. THOMAS 81 YEARS OLD TUESDAY Mr. George C. Thomas, former Mayor of eBrryviHe [Berryville] and Superintendent of the Green'Hill Cemetery Co., celebrated his 81st 'birthday Tuesday. ... He is at his office every Jay [day] and actively directs the work at the Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G616", "source_id": "S317", "locator": "Page 4, item \"J. F. McDonald Makes Record With Road\"", "excerpt": "j. f. McDonald makes RECORD WITH ROAD. In 13 Years He Has Collected ^ $37,000 in Toll and Built 4 Concrete Bridges, 13 Culverts ... the figures compiled by Mr. J. F. McDonald, Superintendent of the Berryville and Charles Town andBerryville and Summit Point turnpike roads in Battletown district. These figures rov [cover] receipts and expenditures for a period of 13. years and nine months , the time of Mr. McDonald’s incumbency. In this length of time there has been collected in tolls the sum of $37,272.37", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G617", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Chief Hickerson Ill With Flu\"", "excerpt": "CHIEF HICKERSON ILL WITH FLU Chief of Police Dan Hickerson and two. of his children are ill with influenza.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G618", "source_id": "S320", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Two Berryville Patriarchs Are Ill\"", "excerpt": "TWO BERRYVILLE v PATRIARCHS ARE ILL Messrs. J. Edward Barnett, i former chairman of the Clarke County Board of* Supervisors, and Mr. George C. Thomas,, former Mayor of Berryville, are ill j at their homes here. ... Mr. Thomas is much better and his fatnliy [family] are now hopeful -• he will get welt [well]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G619", "source_id": "S321", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Berryville Town Council's first meeting under the new mayor", "excerpt": "ALL OLD OFFICERS RE-ELECTED; NEW MAYOR NOW IN OFFICE ... The reorganized Town Council of Berrvville [Berryville]. elected last June, held their first meeting Tuesday night ... Al| old officers were re-elected. ... Mr. Dan Mickersou [Hickerson] w as re-elected town sergeant and superintendent of water works", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G620", "source_id": "S322", "locator": "Page 2, item \"Roads Being Repaired in Boyce Neighborhood\"", "excerpt": "ROADS BEING REPAIRED IN BOYCE NEIGHBORHOOD It is of interest to learn that the Stae [State] road between Old Chapel and Boyce will son [soon] be completed. Mr. John Yowell of Boyce la [is] superintending the construction of, this fine stretch of road.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G621", "source_id": "S313", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Assistant Postmaster Has Appendicitis\"", "excerpt": "ASSISTANT POSTMASTER . HAS APPENDICITIS Miss Mae Traister, Assistant Postmaster of Berryville, was taken ill Monday with an attack'of appendicitis. An operation will probably be necessary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G622", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Miss Mae Traister, Assistant Post, master of Berryville, has returned to her duties following her recovery from an operation lor [for] appendicitis.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G623", "source_id": "S323", "locator": "Page 3, local item on the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post", "excerpt": "The Auxiliary of the Llqyd [Lloyd] Williams Post, American Legion, held its monthly meeting at the residence of Mrs. Sarah Elder, Friday. 7he [The] following officer^ [officers] were elected: Commander, Mrs. Sarah Elder; vice com. mender [commander], Mrs. J. M. H. Clagett; secretary, Miss Elizabeth Moore; treasurer, Mrs. Iden; executive board, Mrs. Goodwin Williams, Mrs. John Goldsmith and Mrs. J. fe. Neill.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G624", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 1, report of the unveiling of a memorial tablet to Robert Edgar Russell", "excerpt": "IN MEMORY OK [OF] ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL ... Presented by Woman’s Auxiliary ^ Lloyd Williams Post Amcrieun [American] Legion. ... The veterans marched down the ajsle [aisle] and took their seats to the right of the pulpit while the Women's Auxiliary, led by Mrs. Sara Elder, its president, occupied seats to the left.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G625", "source_id": "S317", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Mrs. Goodwin Williams Heads the Auxiliary\"", "excerpt": "MRS. GOODWIN WILLIAMS ' HEADS THE AUXILIARY ... Mrs. Goodwin Williams ... was elected president of the Woman’s Auxiliary. Lloyd Wliliams Post, American Ligion [Legion], at a meeting last week ... OtheRofliJbrs [Other officers] elected are: Mrs. Jojln B. Neill, vice pres’t. 1 Miss Agnes Tapscott. Sec’v. Miss Fannie Fenton, Treas. Executive board, Mrs. C. H. ■Idea, Mrs. J. M. G. Clagctt, and Mrs. Sara Elder.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G626", "source_id": "S325", "locator": "Page 2, report of the annual convention of The King's Daughters of Clarke County", "excerpt": "the annual convention of The King's Daughters of Clarke county held at Minnie Wood Chapel last Saturday nfternoon [afternoon]. ... The annual report of the president Mrs, John B. Neill, the secretary, Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter, the treasurer, Mrs. Geo. Jones, were submitted and approved.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G627", "source_id": "S325", "locator": "Page 2, report of the annual convention of The King's Daughters of Clarke County, officers elected", "excerpt": "Following this action officers for the ensuing year were elected as fol. lows: Mrs. John B. Neill, president; Mrs. E. Jacquelin Smith, Vice. President. ... Mrs. Raleigh C. Carter,Secret ary. Mrs. George Jones, Treasurer", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G628", "source_id": "S325", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Mr. Chambers Again Heads Community League\"", "excerpt": "MR. CHAMBERS AGAIN HEADS COMMUNITY LEAGUE ... The Clarke County CCommunity League. Cat its meeting at the Boyce Community Building Monday) re. elected Rev. B. D. Chambers as chair, man for another year. Mr. John S. Goldsmith was elected vice-chairman ... Mr. J. T. L. Jones was re. electod treasurer, and Mr. Holly Pi fer secretary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G629", "source_id": "S326", "locator": "Page 4, report of the monthly meeting of the Clarke County Community League", "excerpt": "The regular monthly\" meeting of the C. C. C. L. was held at Boyce, Monday, Feb. 13. In the absence of the • chairman and vice chairman. Miss Bettie Brad ford presided. A report was made that the League, as underwriters for the Dental Clinic, had secured the necessary funds and the 'clinic will be held this spring.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G630", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Mrs. Hammond Heads the Woman's Club\"", "excerpt": "MRS. HAMMOND HEADS THE WOMAN’S CLUB The Woman’s Club of Clarke County met at the Parish House iqi [on] April 13, represented by nineteen members. ... The routine business was followed by electing officers for the coming year, resulting as follows: President, Mrs. W. M. S. Ham mond; Secretary, Miss Emma Jones", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G631", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 4, report of the August meeting of the Clarke County Community League", "excerpt": "The August meeting of the C. C. C. L. took place in the Parish llall [Hall], Boyce, Tuesday afternoon ... Ithc [the] following onieers [officers] were elected for the ensuing years: J Chairman, B. D. Chambers; ... Chairman of the following committees: ... Recreation, Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Butler;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G632", "source_id": "S336", "locator": "Page 1, report of the first stockholders' meeting of the new Building and Loan Association", "excerpt": "The new Building and Loan Asso-; elation [Association] ter [for] the whole of Clarke eoun I ty [county] started off with a rash [rush], at the first meeting for stock subscriptions Tuesday night. ... Hon. A. Moore, Jr., retired President of the Bank of Clarke County, presided at the first stockholders ! meeting and was one of the first to affix his name to an application blank i for stock. Mr. Moore has been urging for years the organisation of a ' Building and Loan Association which ! would encourage home-building in 1 Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G633", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, report of the new Berryville Basket Co.", "excerpt": "Btrrnilie [Berryville] Basket Go. [Co.] ... The company was organized sime [some] time by a group of progressive young .business men of the community ... These meu [men], with Messrs. P. J. Keymel, S. S. Thomas and C. H. Phillips, will constitute the Board of Directors.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G634", "source_id": "S330", "locator": "Page 4, local news items", "excerpt": "Air. [Mr.] Charles W. Marks has purchased a lot or [on] Liberty street from Mr. E. Q. [G.] Coiner, on which he will erect a home... A'r. [Mr.] Holmes Hibbard local superintendent of the Northern Virginia Tower [Power] Company, has purchased a lot from Mr. M. W. Jones on the Charier 1 own [Charles Town] pike, on which he will erect a tew [new] home, Mr. Hoimes [Holmes] Hibbard,, local superintendent of the Northern Virginia Power Company, had the end of one of lii? [his] Angers [fingers] tom [torn] off while repairing a washing machine last week.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G635", "source_id": "S331", "locator": "Page 4, item on the film \"In the Shadow of the Dome\" coming to the Clarke Opera House", "excerpt": "“In The Shadow of The Dome,” the film which aroused the ire of /Congress at the time it was shown in Washington, will be exhibited on the screen in the Clarke Opera House probably the first week i nJuly ... Mr. Fox, President of the Fox* Fischer Co., which filmed the picture, was in Berryville Tuesday and stopped to see Manager Charles W. Marks, of the Clarke Opera House.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G636", "source_id": "S332", "locator": "Page 1, obituary tribute to Conrad Kownslar", "excerpt": "In his practice Mr. Kownslar never advised rushing into court i with a had [bad], case, Mr. D. L. Fries, proprietor of The Rattletown [Battletown] 'nn [Inn], speaking of this characteristic of h|& [his] said yesterday: \"I 'aid [laid] a case before him some time ago. I was willing to spend $500 in court to fight it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G637", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 3, advertising notice", "excerpt": "Berryville Supply Companyl [Company] will have specials for Friday and Saturday. J. H. Goss, Proprietor.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G638", "source_id": "S334", "locator": "Page 4, advertising notice", "excerpt": "Berryville Supply Company] will have specials for Friday and Saturday. J. H. Goss, Proprietor.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G639", "source_id": "S329", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Norval Carter Buys the People's Garage\"", "excerpt": ",V(TRVAZ [NORVAL] CARTER BUYS THE I'KOl’IiK’S [PEOPLE'S] GAR *' Mr. Norval L. Carter, proprietor of (he [the] Berryville Garage, has purchased the People's Oarage [Garage] from the receiver, Charles Feltner, and will operate it as the Central Oarage [Garage] The Garage id [is] now open for business with the same mechanics.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G640", "source_id": "S335", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Creamery to Take Holiday\"", "excerpt": "CREAMERY TO TAKE HOLIDAY The Clarke County Creamery will take holiday July the Fourth so tha1 [that] its manager, Mr. Pete Rutherford, can enjoy the day with the Woodmen at the Horse Show grounds.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G641", "source_id": "S338", "locator": "Page 4, item on remodeling the Longerbeam house", "excerpt": "Mr. R. L. Aylor, the new owner of he [the] Clarke Milling Co., who recently rurchased [purchased] the big house of Mr. B. J. .ongerbeam [Longerbeam] on South Church street, a [is] remodelling the building.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G642", "source_id": "S314", "locator": "Page 4, local news items", "excerpt": "Mr. T. Eddy Urown [Brown] has sold his j combination store and house on ■ Church street to Mr. D. D. Brown j for $6,000. Mr. Brown will move his butcher shop to the building and will also open up a grocery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G643", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 4, local news items", "excerpt": "Mr 1). D [D. D.] Brown, who recently purchased the T. Eddy Brown building on Church street, will place a glass front in the building fot [for] his grocery store and butcher shop ... Mr. T. Eddy Brown is now selling his groceries Cut [out] at cost.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G644", "source_id": "S336", "locator": "Page 2, notice of B. O'F. Randolph's public sale", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE —OF— , REGISTERED SHORTHORN CATTliE [CATTLE] AND REGISTERED POLAND CHINA HOGS. Intending to discontinue farming I will sell at public auction at \"The Moorings,\" at Millwood ... B. O'F. RANDOLPH. ■ Auctioneer, F. B. Neville. Clerk, E. A. Lindsey.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G645", "source_id": "S337", "locator": "Page 2, notice of a public sale at \"Clay Hill\"", "excerpt": "PUBLIC SALE I will sell el [at] puhlic [public] auction without reserve to the highest bidder on my farm, “Clay Hill,” 2 miles northeast of Millwood and 4 miles south of Berryville ... F. B. Neville, Auctioneer. W. A, Bradford, Clerk.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G646", "source_id": "S339", "locator": "Page 4, item on community public sales", "excerpt": "Auctioneer Frank B. Neville will hold a Community Public Bale [Sale] at Boyce next Saturday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G647", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Rev. W. H. Ballengee Will Ask Retirement\"", "excerpt": "REV. W. H. BALLENGEE | WILL ASK RETIREMENT ... Rev. \\V. H. Ballengcc [Ballengee], pastor 'of the Methodist Church South, 'and one of the most beloved ministers in the Baltimore Conference, will ask to he [be] placed on the j retired list at the next conference | on account of his health. He will make his home in Winchester after he leaves his charge i here April 1st. ... His two years of /service here lias [has] ! made for him hundreds of devot • led friends", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G648", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Rev. W. H. Ballengee Will Ask Retirement,\" resolution of the quarterly conference", "excerpt": "The folowing resolutions were f Passed by the Fourth Quarterly 'Conference of the Berryville ! Charge,. M. E. Church South: ... we, the members of the Rerryvillc [Berryville] quarterly conference, hereby express to him our appreciation of Kis [his] faithful seryiccs [services] during the past two years ... Jas. W. Gaver, Secretary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G649", "source_id": "S320", "locator": "Page 3, Millwood news items", "excerpt": "Mother’s Day was observed in the churches here Sunday special services were held under the auspices of the Order of Fraternal Americans ip. [in] their hall by their chaplain, Rev. J. D. Russell", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G650", "source_id": "S343", "locator": "Page 1, letter \"Miss Houghton Is Teacher at Millwood\"", "excerpt": "MISS HOI GHTOX [HOUGHTON] IS TEACHER AT MILLWOOD Millwood. Oct. 11—Hditor [Editor] Clarke Courier:—Please correct the mistake in regard to Millwood school. Miss Elizabeth Houghton, not llauptranu has charge of the higher grades, the same position she has held for the past two years", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G651", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, item on the opening of Berryville High School", "excerpt": "The Borryville [Berryville] High School will 'open Wodne»dayi [Wednesday] Sept. 14. ... 'Ihe [The] faculty employed up to this time is as follows: Prof. D, G. Cooley, Principal; ... Miss Lucy Parke Shepherd, Fifth grade;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G652", "source_id": "S342", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Land Assessment Case Not Pushed in Court\"", "excerpt": "Whether or not the land asses-, ments [assessments] in Clarke county are too high will hardly be tested in court. An action brought by Mr. A. C. Arnett to have the Board of Review to reopen the assessment of hig [his] land was temporarily dropped in Clarke County Circuit Court after Judg ■ Whiting had informally ruled that i [it] must be shown that the assess mu., [assessment] is a! ove [above] the fair market value.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G653", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Blue Ridge Hunt Club's horse show and races", "excerpt": "A big crowd witnessed the horse show events from beneath the trees of Carter Hall grove The- jumping events attracted the greatest attention. Mr. E. B. Jacobs’ entries and Mr. B. O’F. Randolph’s Chilton and Lucky Strike won the laurdls [laurels], the former taking three silver cups and the latter two.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G654", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Berryville Horse Show and Fair", "excerpt": "Ed- B. Jacobs gathered in the silver cup this year for the Clarke county hunter.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G655", "source_id": "S340", "locator": "Page 2, local news items", "excerpt": "Lieut. John R Castleman, Jr., of Clarke county, son of that brave old Confederate soldier, tlie [the] late John R. Castleman, of Mosby's Rangcts [Rangers] fame ... has made the highest average record in his studies, covering a period of four years, at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and has been chosen valedictorian for his class at the final exercises. \"John” was awaided [awarded] a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle with German aeroplanes during the world war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G656", "source_id": "S346", "locator": "Page 1, report on Lieut. Baldwin Neill in China", "excerpt": "the recollection of the tlbfcr [Boxer] uprisings, when another Bejfyville [Berryville] boy. Passes Assistant Surgeon Thomas M. Lippitt, U. S. 3N. [N.], was wounded so badly in th&Jeg [the leg] that he was forced to re", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G657", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 1, report on Henry G. Shirley's appointment to the Virginia Highway Commission", "excerpt": "He is a friend of Dr. Lewis M. Allen, Dr. Thomas M. Lippitt, Editor James M. Thomson, of the New Orleans Item, Mr. Harry C. Warden, and other young men who lived in the Summit Point section of^ Clarke. “Henry was a prodder, a digger at school,” said Dr. Lippitt.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G658", "source_id": "S345", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Wilbur Price Idea Impresses Legislature\"", "excerpt": "WILBUR PRICE IDEA , IMPRESSES LEGISLATURE! ... The plan for the state and' comities [counties] to divide the auto license taxes equally (the state to use its share for state highway construction and thc“\"counties to use theirs fot [for] feeder roads), which ] was proposed by Mr. Wilbur 'Price, endorsed l>y [by] the Berryvile' :'Local. Farmers' Union and presented to the General Assembly, j ' has been passed as a bill by the ( House of Delegates and now goes to the State Senate.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G659", "source_id": "S344", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Berryville Local of the Farmers' Union", "excerpt": "The Berryviile Local clecte 1 [elected] the folowing officers for the ensiling year: ... Delegates to the County Con j \\ ention [Convention]—Wm. Crampton, Qlias. j H. Levi, \\V. W. Smallwood, Wih bur Price,,Wilbur Gaunt", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G660", "source_id": "S347", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Oldest Member of M. E. Church Here Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mr. J T. Murphy, perhaps the oldest member of ihe [the] Berryv-ille Methodist Church, South, died near Aldie ast [last] Thursday night from paralysis. He was born on the Price farm, near Price’s mill, and moved to Loudoun county 20 years ago, where he con continued to follow farming as his avocation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G661", "source_id": "S347", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Oldest Member of M. E. Church Here Dies,\" continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Murphy served through the j civil war as a member of Col. ’Lige ! '< White's Battalion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G662", "source_id": "S329", "locator": "Page 1, tribute to the late Joseph C. Jones", "excerpt": "The, Courier has received the fol owing [following] tribute to the late Joseph C. rones [Jones], of Millwood, who died Jnnua y [January] 4, at the home of Mr. A. B. Bevan", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G663", "source_id": "S329", "locator": "Page 1, tribute to the late Joseph C. Jones, continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Jones ~was 47 years old. He was a son of the late Rev. Joseph R ones [Jones], who was for years,lector [rector] of ’unningham [Cunningham] Parish, and\"' Courtney Byrd Jones, of Clarke jdountv [county]. He was born at Millwoodf In 1SV3. . At me [one] time he conducted a drug store it [at] Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G664", "source_id": "S323", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. R. Powel Page Dies at Saratoga\"", "excerpt": "the death of Mrs, Agnes B. Page, wife of R. Powel Page, Esq,, of “Saratoga,\" on Saturday, Jan. 22nd. Mrs. Page was the youngest child of Oeo. [Geo.] *H. Burwell and his wife Agnes Atkinson, of \"Carter Hall,”", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G665", "source_id": "S323", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. R. Powel Page Dies at Saratoga,\" survivors", "excerpt": "Loving hands laid her to rest Sunday at the Old Chapel ... Mrs. Page is survived by her husband, and five children—Messrs. N. B. Page, of Clarke county; Mr. R. P. Page, Jr., of Philadelphia; Mrs R. G. Mitchell, Miss Agnes R. Page and Miss Mary F. Page, of Clarke county. ... Mrs. Page was born at \"Carter Hall , Sept. 28, 1851, and was married to Mr. Page Dec. 18, 1873.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G666", "source_id": "S311", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"John Hummer, Prominent Farmer, Passes Away\"", "excerpt": "JOHN Ht'MMKIi [HUMMER], PROMINENT . . I ... FARMER, PASSES AWAY ... Mr. ..ol:n [John] Hummer, a well known farmer of the Brings [Briggs] neighborhood, died Monday after 1 Jong [a long] illness with 1ui*k liovibie [lung trouble]. ... and wrts [was] born in Clarke county. ... Mr Hummer married Mins [Miss] Rout Becmor, of' Clarke county, mu 'h.' wide >v [widow] with three grown children ««.• vivo— [survive] -Mr. A. B. Hummer, Mrs John T, Lindsey and Mrs. Ida Cornwell", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G667", "source_id": "S311", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Isaac Bowman Dies From Paralysis\"", "excerpt": "MRS. ISAAC BOWMAN - ' :v - . DIRS [DIES] FROM PARALYSIS ... fiUa Jones Bowman, wife of Mr. Isaac Bowman, had died that morning following a stroke of paralysis which sha [she] suffarad [suffered] Saturday ... Mrs. Bowman was the second wife of Mr. Isaac Bowman, for years one of the leading business men of Ber-, ryvllle. She waa the daughter of the I late Thomas Jones and Mary Janet Huyett Jones, of Olarke [Clarke] county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G668", "source_id": "S311", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Isaac Bowman Dies From Paralysis,\" survivors", "excerpt": "Mrs. Bowman is survived by her husband, one son, Mr. Berkley Bowman, two brothers, Mayor D. H. Jones and Mr. M. W. Jones, a sister, .Mrs. Hattie Britton,' and two step daughters. Mrs. Frank Huyett, of .Charlottesville and Miss Nellie Bowman, of Berryville. | Funeral services were held from I the Presbyterian ChurCh Wednesday afternoon and interment made In Oreen [Green] Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G669", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Miss Harriet Washington, of Noted Family, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mfiw [Miss] Harriet Washington, a daughter of the late Dr. Henry Washington, for years a prominent physician of Clarke eounty and great granddanghter of Warner Washington, first cousin of George Washington, died Tuesday night at 11 o'clock from the inftrmatlveB [infirmities] of old age. 8he [She] was 89 years old, haring been born in Berryrlile [Berryville] in the brick house, now occupied by Mrs. Estelle Kerfoot, in 1883.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G670", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Miss Harriet Washington, of Noted Family, Dies,\" continued", "excerpt": "Miss Virginia V^as^fKg ton [Washington], with whom she had lived all-her Ufe [life] in the Washington cottage on West Main street.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G671", "source_id": "S348", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Thomas T. Garthright Dies in Lynchburg\"", "excerpt": "Word was received here the other, day of the death at Lynchburg, of Mr. Thomas T. Garthright, who during the years 1870-80 ran the harness and saddle business at the carriage works of Mr. George C, Thomas. At . the time of his death Mr. Garthright was superintendent of the the city •home' of Lynchburg, a position he had held for 19 years. ... In 18S1 Mr. Garthrighi, went to Lynchburg to live. He was born at Chase City and was a Cnfoderate [Confederate] Veteran. He was 83 years old.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G672", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Elizabeth Hart Dies in Hospital\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Eurabeth [Elizabeth] Simons Hart, wife of Mr. Wi’liam E. Han [Hart], paired [passed] away Sunday attcraoon [afternoon] at 6 o'clock from an attack of surgical pneumonia, which developed Saturday following a severe operation j Winchester Memorial hospital.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G673", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Elizabeth Hart Dies in Hospital,\" continued", "excerpt": "Mrs. Hr,it [Hart] was Miss Elizabeth Simons beforj [before] her marr,age She was 36 year* old and the d .ughter of Mr Elijah Simons, of Birryvi’le [Berryville]. She was an earnest church worker in the Baptist fold ... She is survived by a devoted hus oand [husband], her father. Mr. Elijah Simons, and a brother, Mr. H.irry [Harry] Simons, a veteran of the world war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G674", "source_id": "S350", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Funeral of Mrs. Hart Largely Attended\"", "excerpt": "FUNERAL OF MRS. HART LARGELY ATTENDED The funeral services over the body of Mrs. W. E. Hart, who died in the Winchester Memorial Hospital following rn [an] operation, brought to the Baptist Church last Wednesday one of the largest crowds which ever gathered there ... Mrs Hart was an active member cf [of] the Ladies' Aid Society and Missionary Society of the church, of the W. C. T. U., the King’s Daughters and the Woman's Auxiliary of the American", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G675", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Annie Robey Dies After Long Illness\"", "excerpt": "MRS. ANNIE ROBEY DIES AFTER LONG ILLNESS Mrs Annie E. Robey, wfe [wife] of Mr. John Rob-.y [Robey]. passed awav [away] Tuesday morning, r.fter [after] a long tluu as [illness] with cancer of the liver. Mrs. Robey was 80 years old ... She wua [was] a Miss Dunn of Frederick c nutty [county] and wai [was] b«ra [born] la [in] that county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G676", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, report of four Berryville women's deaths in one week", "excerpt": "Those who passed away were Mrs. <.ewls [Lewis] V. Stolle, who (lied [died] suddenly Friday morning; Mr*. William E. ' lart [Hart], who died Sunday* frr ji [from] the effects of an operation; Mrs William Temple Allen, who died »> [Mary] E. Alien [Allen] widow of the •ate [late] William Temple Allen, of Clarke •;ounty, died suddenly fror» [from] heart (rouble [trouble] in Washington . ir> [on] Sunday, ... Sh [She] wa8 [was] 94 years old ... For many years she resided on one of -.he [the] Alien [Allen] farms adjoining * Clifton ”", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G678", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Stolle Dies From Ruptured Brain Artery\"", "excerpt": "MRS. STOLLE DIES PROM [FROM] RUPTURED BRAIN ARTERY The death of Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Stolle, wife of Mr. L. V. Strlle [Stolle], one of BerryvP'e’s [Berryville's] best known citizens came as a shock to the whole community. She died Thursday night, shortly after one o’cli < [o'clock] fro n [from] a ruptured artery of the brain. ... Mrs. -8toile [Stolle] was 6S [68] years old.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G679", "source_id": "S349", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Stolle Dies From Ruptured Brain Artery,\" family", "excerpt": "Mrs. Stoiie [Stolle] was born in Clarke county. Her parents were the late Adam and Barbara Grjenwalt [Greenwalt], of this county. ... she U [is] survived by sit [six] children—Messrs. Jesse A Stolle, Carroll Stolle, Wm. F. Stolle of Clarke county; Mr. Herbert Stolle of Washington; Mrs Thomas Howell of Berry villa [Berryville], and Mrs. Frank Hart who makes her home with her fathei [father] and mother. Pnneral [Funeral] services were held frotr [from] the home Sunday aftsrnocu [afternoon] and in torment [interment] mad,J [made] In Green HU: [Hill] Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G680", "source_id": "S350", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Mrs. P. L. Hannum", "excerpt": "Mrs. p. L, Hannum passed swap [away] at the hone [home] of Aar [her] ton [son], Mr. Howard Hannum, last Tfhnday [Thursday] ... She was born near Berrys Perry [Ferry] ... and when 18 genre [years] old she bican* [became] Identified with »he [the] M. tf. [E.] church ssuih [South] In Beirpvtlle [Berryville].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G681", "source_id": "S350", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Mrs. P. L. Hannum, continued", "excerpt": "She is survived by one *ou. [son,] Mr. Howard C. Hannnm [Hannum], with whom she lived ... Funeral services were, held from .1.0 [the] M. B. [E.] Church South Sunday nf cernoon [afternoon] at 2 p. m„ and Interment made In Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G682", "source_id": "S350", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Former Clarke Soldier Dies at Fort McHenry\"", "excerpt": "Mr. William A. Locke, h [a] son of Mr.J James Locke, of near Wadesville, and a member of the well known Lock • family of Clark* county, died Sumlnr I'ight [Sunday night] at the government hospital at Fort McHenry. Baltimore, fron. [from] tuberculosis, the -treaded mala, dy bo [he] contracted While in training at Car./ [Camp] McClellan, Ala., 'or service in Franca [France]. He had previously served on 1 the Mexnan [Mexican] border with Co., I, Virgin'a National Guard.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G683", "source_id": "S330", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Brave Southern Soldier Passes Over the River\"", "excerpt": "51r. [Mr.] Newton H. Carpenter, one of Ashby’s brave men, and for years af. er the war a prominent farmer of Clarke county, died last Thursday morning from a complication of diseases, aged 78 years. He was one of the oldest members in point of service, of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, of Winchester, and for many years had held 'the office of First Lieutehant [Lieutenant] Commander.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G684", "source_id": "S351", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Eastern Star Leader Dies in Berryville\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Martha Harper, of Washington and Gettysburg, a leader in Eastern Star circles of the national capital. succumbed to a long illness at the home of her sister, Mrs. Phillip M Ricamore, Tuesday night Mrs. Harper came to Berryville about a year ago to be with her sister on account of her ill health. ... The .Martha Lodge was named for her ... She was the widow of the late K. N. Harper of Gettysburg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G685", "source_id": "S351", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of William Alexander Renner", "excerpt": "William Alexander Renner, son of Mr. I. H. and Rosa Hummer Refiner [Renner], died at the “Springfield Farm,\" on March 29, after a short illness of three days. ... who was only 19 years old. ... Interment was in Green Hill Cemetery", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G686", "source_id": "S351", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of William Alexander Renner, survivors", "excerpt": "William is survived by his parents and four brothers—Messrs. Harry, I.eon [Leon], George and Edward Renner, and four sisters, Mrs. Montie Thompson, of Clarke; Mrs. Wm. Royston. of Rippon; Mrs. Turner Huff, of Clarke, and little Miss Helen at home.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G687", "source_id": "S352", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Death of Miss Susan Lanham\"", "excerpt": "DEATH OP [OF] MISS SUSAN LAX HAM [LANHAM] Miss Susan Lanhatn [Lanham], aged 67 years, died at her home near Mt. Weather, Saturday last. Interment was made In the family lot at Providence Chapel, Monday afternoon. She made her home with her brother, and hag [has] lived all her life on the same farm where she was born. ... She leaves behind two brothers, Mr. Wil l liant [William] Lanham and Mr. Samuel Lan. bam [Lanham], both of Clarke county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G688", "source_id": "S353", "locator": "Page 4, tribute to the late E. H. Garvin", "excerpt": "Former Clarke Citizen Dies In Washington .and In Buried at White Poet [Post] ... Mr. Eddy Hugh Garvin, the beloved husband of Mary E, Garvin (nee Conrad) and father of Mra. [Mrs.] John C. Stuart, passed away at the home of his scm-ln-law [son-in-law]. Mr. Jno. C. Stuart, 605 Otis Place..N. W., Washington. Wednesday, April IS, at the age of 54 years. ... Mr. Garvin was the sotf [son] of the late Mr and Mrs. A. II. [H.] Garvin, of Millwood, in* which place he was born and reared.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G689", "source_id": "S313", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"John Dixon, Retired Farmer, Dies Suddenly\"", "excerpt": "JOHN DIXON, RETIRED FARMER, DIES SUDDENLY ... Mr. John Dixon, a retired farmer and highly esteemed citizen of Clarke county, died last Monday following a stroke of paralysis a week ago. The end came on the farm of Mr Benj. Vorous where Mr. Dixon had been' living for the past two years. ! Mr. Dixon was 60 years old. He J had been living with Mr. Vorous for I the past ten years. He was born is [in] Piedmont Virginia", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G690", "source_id": "S354", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"C. H. Smallwood Dies After Long Illness\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Charles H. Smallwood, Road Commissioner for Chapel District, died Saturday night at his home near Boyce after a long illness with tub'erculosis. He was 51 years old ... He was a brother of Sheriff W. W. Smallwood. Mr Smallwood was born in Clarke county ... He followed farming as his voaction [vocation] and owned the farm on which tie [he] lived. He was appointed Hoad [Road] Comniiss’on,*er [Commissioner] for Chapel District by Supervisor J. S. Carver.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G691", "source_id": "S354", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Miss Betty Morgan Dies After Long Illness\"", "excerpt": "Miss Betty Morgan, daughter of the late John Morgan, who owned the Hook farm years ago. di(>d [died] May 2, at the home of Mr. and Mrs John A. T. Grigsby, after a long illr.ess [illness]. She was 87 years old and was born in Clarke county. She had made her home for many years at Stephens City. ... interment made in tlie [the] Old Chapel |;Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G692", "source_id": "S340", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Miss Rose K. McCormick Dies at Frankford\"", "excerpt": "Miss Hose [Rose] Elzey McCormick, daughter of Mrs, Nannie K. McCor. miek [McCormick] and the late Thomas McCormick. died last Saturday afternoon at her homo [home], “Frankford.\" following an illness of several months ... Interment was made in Green Hill Cemetery. ... Miss McCormick is survived by her mother and a brother. Mr. Frank McCormic", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G693", "source_id": "S340", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero\"", "excerpt": "A memorial tablet to Robert K. Russell, who was killed in France during the world war, will be unveil, ed at Stone's Chapel. Sunday, May 29th. at 3 p. m The tablet is the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary, of the Lloyd Williams Post. American Legion", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G694", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 1, report \"600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell\"", "excerpt": "That gratitude for the heroic sac. 1 riiice [sacrifice] of Robert Edgar Russell, a son of Clarke county, who was killed in the Meuse Argonne Drive ... Was exeniplitied [exemplified] last Sunday when more than 600 men. women and children Journeyed to historic Stone’s J Presbyterian Chapel, near Swlmley [Swimley], to take part in I he [the] ceremonies of un. veiling a beautiful marble tablet to his memory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G695", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 1, report \"600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell,\" the inscription", "excerpt": "IN MEMORY OK [OF] ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL 'Private Co. C, 128tlt [128th] Inf., 32n DIES AT MILLWOOD He Wee [Was] Civil Engineer and Stad led [Studied] «t [at] V. M. I. under Stone**!) [Stonewall] Jackson", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G723", "source_id": "S317", "locator": "Page 4, item \"To Be Operated Upon\"", "excerpt": "TO BE OPERATED UPON Miss Letha Swisher, one of the most popular and* most accommodating of the Berryville “hello’ ^girls, will go to Richmond this week where she will undergo ar [an] operation at St. Luke’s Hospital", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G724", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 4, report of the death of a Berryville telephone operator", "excerpt": "A message was received in Berryville late yesterday that ;Miss Lcthia Swisher, one of the j operators of the C. & P. Tele j phone exchange at Berryville. had died at 3:15 o’clock at a Ricli i mond [Richmond] hospital wherg, she had 'gone same days ago for opera |tion for the removal of a gortcr [goiter] I on her neck. The message did j not state whether she died after or before the operation. Miss Swisher came to Berry ville from Capon Bridge, where her mother resides.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G725", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Geo. C. Neville, of Millwood, Is Dead\"", "excerpt": "Millwood, Feb. 1—Mr. George C Neville, aged 62 years, a son of the late A. V. Neville, of Millwood, died last Wednesday morning, Jan. 25 at the Springfield State Hospital. Svkesville [Sykesville], Md„ where he had been a patient for the past two years. ... after funer. !11 [al] services from the Millwood Methodist Church Friday ... interment was made in the family plot at the Old Chapel", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G726", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Mrs. Jane L. Hardesty Dies, Aged 90 Years\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Jane L. Hardesty, mother of Mr. W. M. Hardesty and one of the oldest residents of Clarke county, died at 10:30 a. in.-, at her home on Treadwcll [Treadwell] street, from infirmities of old age. She was born In Clarko [Clarke] county Jan. 5. 1832 ... After her marriage to the late Charles Ilardesy [Hardesty], she came to Clarke to livo [live]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G727", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Helen Dortch Killed Instantly in Theatre Crash\"", "excerpt": "Miss Helen Helm Dortch, daughter of Mrs. Hattie Williams Dortch, of “Mt. Hebron” Farm, Clarke county, and a descendant of Col. Leroy Peachy, one of the first settlers of Clarke county, was instantly killed when the roof .of the Knickerbocker Theatre at Washington Collapsed last Satur ay [Saturday] night. Miss Dortch attended the theatre with two friends", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G728", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Helen Dortch Killed Instantly in Theatre Crash,\" headline", "excerpt": "MISS HELEN DORTCH I KILLED INSTANTLY I IN THEATRE CRASH. ... Body Brought Here and Buried— ... Daugh •er [Daughter] of Wm. T. Dortch, Member of Confederate States Senate from North Carolina.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G729", "source_id": "S318", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Former Clarke Man Dies in Maryland\"", "excerpt": "Word has been received here of the death of Mr. Joseph H. Stickles, a former citizen of Clarke county, who has passed > away Jan. 3 last, at the home |of his son, Mr. H. B. Stickles, a;t Texas, Md. He was 79 years did [old] ... He also leaves two: brothers —Messrs: Thomas and: Michael Stjckles. [Stickles] of Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G730", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Linton Lloyd, World War Veteran, Drowned\"", "excerpt": "Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. W. Lloyd, of near Berrys Ferry, who was one of the fifive [five] Lloyd brothers who went to France ... was drowned in a small reservoir not far from his father’s home last Friday. It is believed that Mr. Lloyd slipped and struck his head against a rock, rendering him unconscious, or h*s [his] heart collapsed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G731", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Linton Lloyd, World War Veteran, Drowned,\" continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Lloyd was 24 years old. He served as a member of Co. D, 101st Inf., 26th Division (Yankee Division)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G732", "source_id": "S326", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Albert Polhamus, Aged Citizen, Dies\"", "excerpt": "ALBERT POLHAMUS, AGED CITIZEN, DIES Mr. Albert Pdthamus [Polhamus], one of the oldest citizens of Berryville, died last Monday morning at 4 o’clock at the home of his sister, Mrs. J. H. -Bayliss. He was 81 years old. ... Funeral ^services were held at 'the Presbyterian Church at 1 Round Hill ... He was 'buried in the graveyard near 'there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G733", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Mr. and Mrs. Ricamore Married 50 Years\"", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore, formerly much beloved citizens of Berryville ... observed their golden wedding anniversary on Valentine day at the home of their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes ... Mrs. Ricamore is a daughter of the late Mathew Pulliam ... and Mr. Ricamore was one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confed | crate uniform in the civil war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G734", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 2, obituary \"Confederate Boy Soldier Messenger Dies in Washington\"", "excerpt": "Mr. George C- Ricamore, a former Clarke county farmer and former Town Sergeant of Berry - ville, who during the Civil War when only a boy of about 15 years performed a mission requiring the highest kind of soldiery courage ... (died last Friday morning from heart trouble at the borne [home] of his 'daughter. Mrs. Charles R. i Hughes, Rock Creek Bridge 1 Road. Washington.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G735", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. J. Edward Barnett Passes Away Suddenly\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. J. Edward Barnett, wife of ' Chairman J. Edward Barnett of the Clarke County Board of' Supervisors, died suddenly last! Friday evening, following- a stroke of paralysis that morning. She was Miss Lucy V. Berlin before her marriage over 40 years ago, and the fourth of the daughters and sons of the late Lewis Berlin to die within the past six months. ... Her good husband, two sons, Mr. Edward Barnett and Dr. Neill Barnett, of Richmond, and Miss Mable Barnett of Berryville survive.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G736", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of William F. Powers", "excerpt": ".White Post, Feb. 200-—William F. Powers, promltettt fftrOMt and well known miller of CIbrke [Clarke] rountv [county], passed away at his home at Ashby Station on Tuesday, February 14, 1922, at 2 o'clock p. tn„ death being doe [due] to valvular heart trouble. ... Mr. Powers was born March 17, 1850 at Kline’s Mills nedr [near] Middletown", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G737", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Miss Cora Shackleford Victim of Pneumonia\"", "excerpt": "Miss Cora Shackleford, daughter of the late John H. Shackleford and Mary Lancaster Shack ieford [Shackleford], of Berryville, died Tuesday night at 9 o’clock, following a lingering illness with peneumo nia [pneumonia]. Death came at the home of ner [her] sister, Mrs. Clinton Newcomb Miss Shackleford, who was a trained nurse with a notable career ... During the epidemic of pneumonia and grip in Berryville she left no call to duty unanswered.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G738", "source_id": "S366", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Peter Fuqua, One of Pickett's Men, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Peter FuQua, one of Gen Pickett’s heroic men who was in the gallant' charge at the Battle of Gettysburg ... last Saturday. J'h> [The] end of this fearless Confederate soldier came at the home of his son-in-law and daughter, Mr. j and Mrs. James Hart, in Frederick county. Funeral services were held from the house Monday and interment marie [made] in Green Hill Cemetery. Mr. Fuqua, until a few years ago. made his home in Clarke county. He farmed what is known as the'county farm for years. He was bom [born] in Botetourt county. June 10 1840, and was 82 years old when he died.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G739", "source_id": "S368", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Wm. F. Pyle Dies at Home of His Son\"", "excerpt": "Wm. F. Pyle, aged 81 years, died at the home of hia [his] son, Mr. Milton 8. [S.] Pile, near Boyce, Monday morning. ... Tho following children survive Mr. Milton S. Pyle. Miss Mary Pyle. Mrs. John Ritter, of Boyce", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G740", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Mrs. Martha Smallwood Dead, Aged 93 Years\"", "excerpt": "MRS. MARTHA SMALLWOOD DEAD, AGED 93 YEARS Mrs. Martha Smalwood, mother of Mr. Lewis Smallwood, of Berryville, died at her home in Loudoun county, Tuesday from I the infirmities of old aeg. ... Her body will be brought here tomorrow and funeral services will be held from the Methodist Church at 11 o’clock, and interment will be in Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G741", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Samuel Bonham Dies in Texas, Aged 90\"", "excerpt": "SAMUEL BONHAM DIES IN TEXAS, AGED 90 Native of Clarke County ... Relatives in Clarke county have received word of the death of Samuel Bonham, who died a few days ago at Sherman, Texas. The end was caused by pneumonia. He was 90 years old. Mr. Bonham was the son of the late Daniel Sowers Bonham and a brother of the late Mrs. Maria Mesmer. He went to Texas when a young man and located at Sherman. ... He was a veteran of the civil war and served four years in the Confederate army.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G742", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Meningitis Sets In; Logan T. Lloyd\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Logan T. Lloyd, son of Mr. Letcher Lloyd of Clarke county, who suffered a fractured skull when thrown from his motorcycle to the Hard turnpike died in the Winchester Memorial Hospital last Monday morning, meningitis set in after he had shown signs of recovery and caused his death, Mr. Lloyd was 20 years old. He had recently completed a year’s service in the engineer- j ing branch in the U.S. Army ... After leaving the army he made his home with his parents in the county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G743", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Decatur Osburn Dies of Pneumonia\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Vienna Osburn, yctfc-of [wife of] ! Mr. Decatur Osburn, a promitftnt [prominent] retired farmer of Clarke county, and a sister of Dr. A. P. Osborne, 1 passed away at her home east of • Hcryville [Berryville], Monday, after a brief illness of pneumonia'. ... Funeral services were held from the Katoctin Church at Shorthill, Loudoun county, and interment made in the old Os-, •home burying ground there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G744", "source_id": "S319", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Decatur Osburn Dies of Pneumonia,\" survivors", "excerpt": "She is survived by one daifgh [daugh] ' ter, Mrs. Maurice F Castleman, her devoted hubsand, and five brothers and sisters ... She also leave a number of step-children—Mr. 1 Mason Osburn. of Clarke countv, | Mrs_ S. M. Chiles, of Frederick", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G745", "source_id": "S332", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Conrad Kownslar", "excerpt": "Hon. Conrad Kownslar, an honest lawyer, a Southern Gentleman and a foremost citizen of Clarka [Clarke] county, passed away Saturday night at his home onSouth Church street. ... Funeral services were held from Grace Episcopal Church, Tuesday afternoon at 4 o’clock and interment made in the Kownslar lot in the church yard.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G746", "source_id": "S332", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Conrad Kownslar, family", "excerpt": "Mr. Kownslar was born in Berryville about 70 years ago and was the son of the late Dr Randolph Kownslar, for years the leading physician of Clarke county, and Mrs. Elizabeth Blackburn Kownslar", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G747", "source_id": "S332", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. J. M. Fishpaw's Sister Passes Away\"", "excerpt": "Word was received in Clarke yesterday ol [of] the death at Mar* tinshurg [Martinsburg] Tuesday night 6t [of] Mrs.) Jos. N. Payne, sister oI [of] Mrs. John M. Fishpaw and a former, resident of Qarke [Clarke] county. \"She1 and her husband lived at one time on. the Winchester pike west of Berryville. Mrs. Payne was a daughter of' the late Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Rink* er, for many years prominent res • idents of Clarke county. ... She was 54 years old.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G748", "source_id": "S332", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"E. Stover Cooper Dies at Boyce\"", "excerpt": "Boyce. March 22. — Mr. E. Stover Cooper, a well known citizen of this community, died Tuesday afternoon from pneumonia, with which he had been ill for several weeks. ... interment made in Green Hill Cemetery at Berryville. Mr. Cooper was 74 years of age. For 54 years he had been a consistent member of the Methodist church. He was a ^tone mason [stonemason] by trade", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G749", "source_id": "S369", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Prominent Retired Farmer and Miller Dies Suddenly\"", "excerpt": "Berryyillc [Berryville] was shocked by the announcement yesterday morning of hte [the] sadden [sudden] death of Mr. William J. Starkey, a prominent retired farmer and miller, which oc- j currcd [occurred] during the night, at his home on the J. H. Bell place on the river pike. ... Mr. Starkey was bom [born] in Clarke! county in May, 1859, and was nearly 63 years old. He was a son of the late Benj. Starkey and Jane Furr Starkey, of this county. He had been prominent in the county as a merchant, miller and farmer. For 15 years he ran the old Shepherd’s mill.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G750", "source_id": "S370", "locator": "Page 2, obituary \"Native of Clarke Dies in Jefferson,\" from the Shepherdstown Register", "excerpt": "L. Kirk Hardqsty [Hardesty], a live stock dealer with a wide acquaintance in Jefferson and Berkley counties died last Sunday morning at the home of his son-in-law, Edward W. Myers, near Swan Pond. ... he was in the 77th year of* his age ... Mr. Hardesty was a native vf [of] Clarke county, Va., Md.. died at her home on Saturday last after a brief illness following nervous prostation. ' i ' Mrs. Myerly. was born in’ Clarke county, near' Marvin Chapel, April 15, 1867, the day of her death marking her 55th birthday; She was a daughter of the iate [late] Joseph and Eliza Philipjne Anderson", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G756", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Myerly Dies in Maryland; Buried Here,\" funeral", "excerpt": "Funeral services were held from the M. E. Church, South, at Berryville, at o’clock on Monday ... Interment was made in the family lot at Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G757", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Jennie Elleyette Dies at Boyce\"", "excerpt": "MRS. JENNIE ELLEYETTE . DIES AT BOYCE Mrs. Jennie Eleyette, widow of the late John Elleyette, died at the home of her niece, Mrs. Mary Lanham at Boyce, Thursday night. March 23, at 10:30, after a brief illness of pneumonia, aged 74 years. Funeral services were held from the house on Saturday morning, conducted by Rev. J. B. Williams, and interment 'was made in*Green Hill cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G758", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Miss Margaret Vorous Dies; Long Ill\"", "excerpt": "MISS MARGARET VOROUS DIES; LONG ILL Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Vorous Bore Sufferings ; Patiently. Though An Invali' [Invalid] Many Years. Briggs, April 18—After a long llness, during which she bore her sufferings patiently ... M*ss Mar garet Elizabeth Vorous, passed away last Thursday night at 9 c’clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G759", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 2, death notice \"Little Irene Peyton Dies at Boyce\"", "excerpt": "LITTLE IRENE PEYTON DIES AT BOYCE ... Died, at her home, Boyce, Friday, April 14, 1922. Irene Ruth Peyton, infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Leon ard Peyton, aged 3 months and 7 days. ... Funeral services were conducted from the late residence by Rev John B. W*lliams, of Boyce, and ■the little body was carefulyy laid to rest in historic Old Chapel cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G760", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 2, list of contributors to Near East Relief from Boyce and Millwood", "excerpt": "The following are the contributors to the $150.07, which the !Rev. B. D. Chambers- Ch. has sent ... Miss Agnes Page, Miss Mary Page, Mary P. Whiting, Mrs. B. O’F. Randolph", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G761", "source_id": "S373", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Miss Mary P. Whiting, Sister of Judge Whiting, Dies in Millwood\"", "excerpt": "MBS [MISS] MARY P. WHITTXG [WHITING], 1 8BIKB OP [SISTER OF] JUDGE WHITIXG [WHITING] ... Miss Mniiy [Mary] P. Wlfitlng [Whiting] died at her home in Millwood on Friday afternoon, September 8th. ... interment was made In the Old Chapel Cemetery. ... Miss Whiting belonged to the old family of that name in Clarke and leaves one sister, Mrs. Q. H. [G. H.] Burwell, and two brothers: Judge F. B.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G762", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Catherine Lloyd Dies, Aged 82 Years\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Catherine Lloyd, mother in-law of Sheriff W. W. Small wood, died at the.home of her! son, Mr. Thomas Llovd [Lloyd], AprU [April] 14,! from infirmities of old age. She 1 was 82 years old and was born | in Warren county. Funeral ser-j vices were held from the home | ol [of] Sheriff Smlalwood [Smallwood] ... Mrs; L ioyd [Lloyd] was a Miss Utter before her marriage.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G763", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Brown, Former Resident, Passes Away\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Charles Kenneth Brown, wife of Prof. Brown, principal of the Fishersville High School and former principal of the Berry ville High School, died last week at the home of her aunt, Mrs. L! L. Coghill, at Staunton. Before her marriage Mrs, Brown was Miss Glayds Hogan, daughter of the late Basil Duke- Hogan, of King George county. ... Mr. Brown was principal of the BerryvUle High School for the session of 1917-T8.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G764", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Wm. O. Crampton Passes to Eternal Rest\"", "excerpt": "Daughter Of Late Lewis B. Helvestine, of Clarke County. * . After an illness extending over a year, Mrs. Hattie Helvestine! Crampton, w*fe [wife] of Mr. William O. \\ Crampton, passed to her eternal j rest at her home “Dunufe&th” last Sunday afternoon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G765", "source_id": "S320", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. Lucy Royston Dies; Long Ill\"", "excerpt": "Mrs Lucy E. Royston, wife of Mr. Thomas A. Royston, passed to her eternal sleep on May 3rd, while at the home of her daughter in Winchester. ... She was buried at Green Hill Cemetery near Berryville ... Mrs. Royston was the daughter of Christopher Lee whosfe [whose] home was near the old Mt. Carmel Church, one mile east of Ber I rys Ferry. She was 68 years of age. ... She was the j mother of 11 children", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G766", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Dr. Hugh M. Taylor Dies in Richmond,\" from the Richmond News-Leader", "excerpt": "(From Richmond News-Leader, . May 30.) Dr. Hugh McGuire Taylor, 66 years old, one of the best-known physicians and surgeons of this city, died this morning ... in- his 'home,; “Whit combe,” at Westhampton ... Dr. I aylor [Taylor] was born in Clarke county, his parents being Major William Taylor and Mts. [Mrs.] Gertrude McGuire Taylor (the eldest {sister of the late Dr. Hunter McGuire) ... He spent his early youth on his father’s farrfi [farm], attending the local schools atul [and] the academy in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G767", "source_id": "S372", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Harry Pearrell Dies Suddenly; Blood Vessel Ruptured\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Harry Pearrell, a well known fruit man, who was eni pmloyed [employed] by Mr. Harry Warden, died suddenly at his home on East Main street Monday afternoon from a ruptured blood vessel. ... It is believed he was injured in some way by the cow. Mr. Pearrell came to Berry - ville from Hagerstown- He was a well liked and capable young man of forty years of age. He worked on the Kosemont [Rosemont] Farm before taking charge of Mr. Warden’s growing orchards below the depot.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G768", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, memorial notice \"The Late Harry Pearrell\"", "excerpt": "The Late Harry Pearrell Harry E. Pearrell died vpry [very] suddenly at his home in Berryville, Monday evening at 8 o'clock from hemorrhages. He was 40 years, 3 months and 12 days old, and a member of the Methodist Church and Modern Woodman of America.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G769", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. R. K. Ogden Passes Away; Ill a Month\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Henrietta R. Ogden, widow of the late Randolph K. Ogden. for years a leading citizen of Berryville, died at her home here last Thursday, after an illness of a month. She was 78 years old ... Mrs. Ogden was born in Jefferson county- ... In 18691 [1869] she married Mr. Ogden and came | to Berryville to live. Her hus jhand [husband] was one of the leading contractors of the Valley.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G770", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. R. K. Ogden Passes Away; Ill a Month,\" survivors", "excerpt": "her IhkIv [body] was laid to rest in (rreen [Green] Hill Cemetery beside that of her late husband. ... She leaves three children. Mrs. George X. [N.] Hardesty, and Miss Minnie Ogden, of Berryville, and Mr. Chester Ogden, of Roanoke", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G771", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Young Mother Dies in Winchester Hospital\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Nina R. Long, wife of Mr. James F. Long, who tenants the Ralph Grigsby farm, died in the Winchester Hospital last Thursday from hemorrhages, after a child had been born. She was 26 years old and was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Marcus. She leaves a husband, a father atid [and] mother and two children ... i.iterment [interment] was made in Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G772", "source_id": "S374", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. John Carroll Dies in Montana; Buried at Berryville\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Amelia Hough Carroll, widow of the late John Carroll, who ran “Montana Hall”, the the home of the late W. G. Con rad. died at the home of her son at Halier, Montana, Sept. /.and. her body was brought here and buried yesterday - in Green Hill' Cemetery. Mrs. Carroll was 68 years old and a native of Clarke county. ... She made, her home in this county until five years ago, going to .Montan [Montana] to live with liter [her] son after the death of Mr. Carroll", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G773", "source_id": "S374", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. John Carroll Dies in Montana; Buried at Berryville,\" survivors", "excerpt": "Mrs. C'arroH [Carroll] is sur . ived [survived] by five sons and one daughter — Messrs. Edwin. Lewis, Claude, and Arthur Carroll, of Montana, and Mrs. Maggie Gordon, of Montana, and Mr. Grov er Carroll, of Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G774", "source_id": "S337", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Col. Rice Smith", "excerpt": "Telegram* [Telegrams] were received In Berry-: vilie Tuesday. announcing the death' at his home In Augusta. *Oa.. [Ga.] that | morning of Col. J. Rte* [Rice] Smith, a re-; tired official of tht [the] Virgiaia-Caroiioa [Virginia-Carolina] i Chemical Co. and an ancle [uncle] of Hi**I [Miss] Sarah B. Crown gad [and] Editor John R j Crown, of The Courier", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G775", "source_id": "S337", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Col. Rice Smith, continued", "excerpt": "Col. Smith was bora [born] in BerryrillC [Berryville] ,in 1846. He was the aon [son] of the late Jonathan Smith and Rebecca Isle* Smith, of BenyriUe [Berryville]. and a grandson of the late Treadwell Smith. ... Col. Smith saved [served] in the Clarke Cavalry during Jte [the] Civij [Civil] War. After serving for a tew [few] years an [as] Deputy Clerk of Court under the late John M. Gibson, he was offered a position with the Georgia Chemical Works of Augusta ... That was In 1880.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G776", "source_id": "S338", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Last Rites for Mrs. M. A. Sillman\"", "excerpt": "Boyce, V«., Oct. 14..Mrs. Martha A. Sillman died September 30. at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Susie Cadwallader at Boyce. She was born |N*ovember 21, 1S33, and was aged S8 years, 10 months and 9 days. She was married to John A. Sllman in [1866. He died in 1882, leaving her 'with seven children ... For many years she lived in and near Front Royal ... Her funeral was held at the Primitive Baptist Church in Front Royal ... and (burial in Prospect HiU Cemetery on ! Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G777", "source_id": "S375", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Fred L. Crown Dies Suddenly in Mobile\"", "excerpt": ".Mi ^red [Fred] L. Crown, a Bon [son] of the Jsl.n 0. [John O.] Crown ... of Berryville, and a brother of •,‘lss [Miss] Sarah B. Cr-w.i [Crown] and John K. Crown, editor of The Courier, died suddenly at his home in Mobile, Ala., yesterday morning. He was 40 years old and was horn [born] at the Ccown [Crown] home here. He was manager of the Mobile Division of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G778", "source_id": "S376", "locator": "Page 4, tribute \"Tribute of Affection to the late Fred. L. Crown\"", "excerpt": "Tribute of Affection to the late Fred. L. Crown ... He was the son of my j longtime most intimate and beloved j friend, the late lamented John O. j Crown, whose memory I will ever j revere. D. C. Snyder.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G779", "source_id": "S376", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. John B. Tilford Dies in Pennsylvania; Buried at Winchester\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Florence Jones Tilford, wid- i ow it [of] John B. Tilford, one of the' original Standard Oil magnates, and the mother of Mr. Frank V. Tilford, j died at Blue Ridge Summit. Pa., i Monday. She was 77 years old. Mrs. Tilford at one time made her home in Berryville and has many relatives here. She had been living at Winchester for many years, where her body was taken fcr [for] burial in Mt. Hebron- Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G780", "source_id": "S368", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Death of Charles Lewis Willingham\"", "excerpt": "Charles Lewis Willingham, a life i long resident of Clarke county, died ■ at the home of his son, Wm. W. Will-; Ingham, near Berryville, On Nov. 5,. age 7 8 years. ... He ] leaves three sons, Wm. W., of near Berryville; J. H. and L. P. Willingham, of Summit Point, W. Va.; ... two daughters. Mrs. Lucy Armel, of -Bunker Hill, W. Va., and; Mrs. Kate Cornwell, of White Post; also one sister,' Mrs. Jennie Cooper, of Boyce.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G781", "source_id": "S368", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Death of Charles Lewis Willingham,\" funeral", "excerpt": "Mr. Willingham had been a mem-' ber of Marvin Chapel Mi [M.] E. Church for a number of years. ... Interment wa3 [was] made In Green Hill cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G782", "source_id": "S368", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"Wm. F. Pyle Dies at Home of His Son\"", "excerpt": "Wm. F. Pyle, aged 81 years, died at the home of hia [his] son, Mr. Milton 8. [S.] Pile, near Boyce, Monday morning. 1 at 3:30 o’clock. Mr. Pyle was a far i met [farmer], having lived near Boyce all liis [his] j life. ... Tho following children survive Mr. Milton S. Pyle. Miss Mary Pyle. Mrs. John Ritter, of Boyce; ... also survived by one brother Mr. Robert Pyle and one sister, Mrs. Robert ; Goodrick, both of Boyce. The funeral services wttre [were] conduct : ed Tuesday. November 21 ... interment in ■ Old Chapel cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G783", "source_id": "S368", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Norman B. Wynkoop", "excerpt": "Norman B. Wynkoop, familiarly known, throughout this section os1 ^011\" wynkoop, died nt [at] his late home M> r BorryTlllo early Saturday morning. ... He was 47 years of age. He was a son of the late Geo. W. Wynkoop, of Loudoun county, who, settled In Clarke county a number of! years ago, rearing his family here, . ! ... The in terment was made in Green Hill Cent- , etery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G784", "source_id": "S377", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of M. W. Jones", "excerpt": "While not wholly unexpected, thf [the] death of M. W. Jones at his home in Berryville on last Sunday evening saddened the hearts of hundreds ol [of] ncnds [friends] and relatives throughout the town and county. ... Matthew Williamson Jones was born September 24. 1848, near Rippon, a few miles beyond the Clarke county line.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G785", "source_id": "S377", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of M. W. Jones, continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Doras H. Jones, for many years Mayor ot [of] BerryvUle, Is the only surviving brother, and Mrs. George Brit - ton of Berryville the only stster [sister].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G786", "source_id": "S378", "locator": "Page 1, resolution of the directors of the Bank of Clarke County", "excerpt": "At a meeting of the Board of Directors of (he [the] Bank of Clarke County] held Thursday, December 14th ... Whereas, Mr. M, W. Jones, a mem- j her Of the Board of Directors of this bank departed thi$ life December 3 i A922 [1922] ... he was at the time of his diafti [death] the last acting member of the ! incorpora:or» [incorporators] of the baDk [bank]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G787", "source_id": "S286", "locator": "Page 1, item \"E. R. Curtis, Farmer and Civil Engineer, Dead\"", "excerpt": "Mr. K K. [E. R.] Curtis, of Wadesville and a brother-in-law of Mr. Edgar Carter of Berryville. died last Satur jay r being ill with grip. He was about 65 years old. ... A wife and four children survive Mrs. Taylor and Mr. Ray Cures, of Winchester; and Albert Curtis and Miss Beatrice Curtis of Wadesville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G788", "source_id": "S286", "locator": "Page 1, item \"E. R. Curtis, Farmer and Civil Engineer, Dead\"", "excerpt": "Mr. K K. [E. R.] Curtis, of Wadesville and a brother-in-law of Mr. Edgar Carter of Berryville. died last Satur jay r being ill with grip. ... A wife and four children survive Mrs. Taylor and Mr. Ray Cures, of Winchester; and Albert Curtis and Miss Beatrice Curtis of Wadesville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G789", "source_id": "S381", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of William Andrew Johnston", "excerpt": "Mr'. William Andrew Johnston, for many years one of the best known residents of tht [the] Wiekliffe [Wickliffe] section of Clarke county died on Wednesday morning at 5:30 o'clock after a lingering illness of complications. ... He is survived by six daughters. I Mrs. E. L. Writt. of Rippon. W. Va.., Mrs. J. W. Symons, of Hagerstown. I Md.. Mrs. G. L. Carter, of Berryville. land Misses Ella F. and Clara E. and Bessie Love at home", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G790", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Death of the Faithful Friend and Helper of Mrs. H. B. Gilpin\"", "excerpt": "All of the friends of the Gilpin family and a great many others will be distressed to learn of the sudden death from heart failure on Friday. January 19th of Maggie Higgins Smith, who for over thirty-one years had so faithfully served in that family. Having been nurse to the three children, Mr. Donald N. Gilpin, of Baltimore; Mr. Kenneth N. Gilpin and Mrs. L. M. Allen, of Clarke county. She afterwards became personal maid to Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G791", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Death of the Faithful Friend and Helper of Mrs. H. B. Gilpin,\" continued", "excerpt": "She was an earnest church worker ..nd a real Christian ... On Saturday afternoon with all of the family and many of her friends present, an impressive service was held by the Rev. B. D. Chambers prior to the shipment of her body for .e:ment [interment] in her mother’s lot in Baltimore.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G792", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Charles Shumate", "excerpt": "Mr. Charles Shumate, a well known farmer of the Berrys Ferry neighborhood, died last Sunday from an attack of pleurisy-pneumonia. ... He also leaves two brothers, Mr. Thomas Shumate of near White Post, and Benj. Shumate, of Riverton.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G793", "source_id": "S272", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"George H. Wright, Farmer and Confederate Veteran, Passes Over the River\"", "excerpt": "GEORGE H. WIUGHT [WRIGHT], FARMKK [FARMER] AND CONFEDERATE VETERAN PASSES OVER THE RIVER ... the death of Mr. George H. Wright on Friday, Feb. 9, at his home near WadesviUe [Wadesville], located on the Frederick county side of the Opequon", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G794", "source_id": "S272", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of George H. Wright, continued", "excerpt": "His second wife was the daughter of the late Peter Light, of this county ... The children of this marriage are Clark, Eugene and Gilbert and Miss Johnetta Wright at home.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G795", "source_id": "S380", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Geo. T. Wright Is Dead From Complications\"", "excerpt": "and also his step-mother, Mrs. Bertie Wright, of Wadesville; three half brothers, Clark of Stephens City, and Gilbert and Eugene Wright, of Wadesville, and one half-sister, Miss JJohnetta Wright, of Wadesville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G796", "source_id": "S272", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Samuel J. Wiley", "excerpt": "Samuel J. Wiley, former resident of Clarke county, died Tuesday night at his home at Red Bud, Frederick county ... His seven daughters who survive are: ... Mrs. E. O. Carroll, of Clarke: ... The live [five] surviving sons are Messrs. M. C. Wiley, of Washington; S. C. Wiley, of Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G797", "source_id": "S272", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Death Claims Decatur Osburn, Wealthy Farmer and Leading Citizen\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Osburn is survived by three sons—Messrs. Mason and Richard Osburn, of Clarke; and Mr. Decatur Osburn, Jr., of North Carolina, and three daughters, Mrs. Samuel Chiles, of Winchester, Miss Roberta Osburn, at home and Mrs. Maurice Castleman, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G798", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, account of the life of John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "Mr. Rutherford's wife died about 20 years ago. He is survived by tho [the] following children: Henry W. Rutherford. Miss Mary Rutherford, Miss Minnie Rutherford, of near Berryville; Charles A. Rutherford, of White Post: Mrs. Holmes Hardesty, J. M. Rutherford, W. M. Rutherford and Page W. Rutherford. Funeral services were held Saturday mcrning [morning] ... Burial was in Mt. Hebron Cemetery, Winchester.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G799", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mr. Bowman Wounded 8 Times at Fredericksburg\"", "excerpt": "The last bugale call was sounded Monday night for Mr. Isaac Bowman, one Of Qen. [Gen.] A. P.'Hill’s heroic artilleryman", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G800", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Isaac Bowman, continued", "excerpt": ".Mr. Bowman married twice. His first wife was Miss Margaret Retd By this marriage he was the father of three children—Mrs. Frank Huyett, of Charlottesville, Miss Nellie Bowman of Berryville, and the late Mrs. J. T. L. Jones. His second wife was Miss Ellen Jones( and by this marriage he had one son, Mr. Berkley Bowman, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G801", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Miss Clara Tavenner Dies at Bethel\"", "excerpt": "Mlaa [Miss] Clara Tavenner, sister of Mr. Frank Tarenner, of the Bethel neigh orhood. died at Winchester Memorial Hospital Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G802", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Miss Grace Lupton", "excerpt": "She Is survived by her father and one brother and four sisters—Mrs. Hattie L. Wood, of Washington; Mrs. Mattie Shipley, of Shepherdstown; Mrs. Mary Weaver, of Pittsburg; Miss Jessie Lupton of Berryvllle: and one brother, Mr. Thomas. Lupton of Berryvllle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G803", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 4, local item on the death of John Wells", "excerpt": "JOHN WELLS, of Petersburg, a brother of Mrs. Floyd Dorsey of Berryville, died Monday at his home in Petersburg. He was 20 years old and was the son of John Wells, a prominent lumber man of Petersburg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G804", "source_id": "S299", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Fred N. Ryan", "excerpt": "Mr. Ryan is survived by a wife ■vho [who] was Miss Mollie Hepsecker. of Washington, and seven sisters and >ne [one] brother. The brother is Mr. James Ryan, of Millwood and th< [the] sisters are Mrs. John A. T. Grigsbv and Miss Katie Ryan of Clarke", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G805", "source_id": "S299", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Fred N. Ryan", "excerpt": "Mr. Ryan is survived by a wife ■vho [who] was Miss Mollie Hepsecker. of Washington, and seven sisters and >ne [one] brother. The brother is Mr. James Ryan, of Millwood and th< [the] sisters are Mrs. John A. T. Grigsbv [Grigsby] and Miss Katie Ryan of Clarke", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G806", "source_id": "S382", "locator": "Page 2, obituary \"Little Delaney Hoff Dies Suddenly After Mother Put Him to Bed\"", "excerpt": "Boyce, April 2—Delany C. Hoff eleven year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hoff passed quietly away at the home of his parents near Boyce Monday night March 25. Funeral services were held Wednesday from the Baptist Church in Berryville ... Interment made in Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G807", "source_id": "S382", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Isham Keith Briggs", "excerpt": "Mr. Isham Keith Briggs, for years Prominent as county official and 1 citizen of Clarke County, for whose 1 family Briggs postoffice is named, i ■ died Tuesday afternoon at the home! of his soji [son] Dr. Keith Briggs, in South Boston", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G808", "source_id": "S382", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Isham Keith Briggs, continued", "excerpt": "He served as Sheriff for years, and only a few years ago he resigned s [as] chief land assessor of Clarkf. [Clarke] ... Luring [During] his later years he operated | part o' the George H. Byrd far:;; [farm] i with his son Mr. Joseph Briggs", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G809", "source_id": "S383", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Miss Virginia Kitchen Taken Suddenly Ill, Dies in Doctor's Office,\" from the Winchester Star", "excerpt": "MISS VIRGINIA KITCHEN TAKEN SUDDENLY ILL, DIES IN DOCTOR’S OFFICE (From Winchester Star) Miss Virginia C. Kitchen, of White Post Clarke county, died Sunday morning in the office of Dr. Charles O. Dearmont from heart trouble, at White Post.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G810", "source_id": "S383", "locator": "Page 4, obituary of Miss Virginia C. Kitchen, continued", "excerpt": "Besides her i mother. Miss Kitchen leaves one sister Miss Lela Kitchen - two brothers, Earnest B. Kitchen’ and J. S. Kitchen of White Post.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G811", "source_id": "S383", "locator": "Page 2, obituary of Isaac Myers", "excerpt": "Mr. Isaac Myers, a native of Clarke conty and a well known farmer of Jefferson county, died at his home, near Reedson, last Friday. He was 51 years old and was the son of the late Abraham and 'Katherine Myers, of Clarke county. ... Mrs. Israel Myers, of California, Mrs. Albert Myers of Jefferson county, and Mrs. J. H. Myers, of Clarke, are surviving sisters-in-law.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G812", "source_id": "S384", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Mrs. George H. Carter", "excerpt": "Friends and relatives la [in] this county heard with sorrow of the death of Mrs. Bra C. Carter, wife of Mr. George H. Carter, at her home In Front Royal on April 23rd. last. ... Mrs Carter was the eldest daughter cf [of] the late Charles M. Caatleman [Castleman] of “North Hill’’ In this county ... Surviving her also are three brothers, Maurice F. of this county; Dr. Howell and Shelby of Alabama, and a sister, Miss Estelle Castloman [Castleman] of Berryvllle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G813", "source_id": "S384", "locator": "Page 1, personal items", "excerpt": "I Miss Estelle Castleman, who spent sometlme with Mrs. Hammond Siler 'at Berkley Springs, has returned.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G814", "source_id": "S385", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell", "excerpt": "Thomas Hugh Burwell, member of the old and distinguished Virginia family of that name, died at S o'clock on Thursday evening at his home \"Fairvlew” [Fairview], near Millwood, Clarke county, after an lllsess [illness] of some time. ... He is survived by two daughters, Mrs E. B. Jacobs of Boyce, and Mrs. Lewis Meade, of \"The Vineyard”, Clarke county. He was a brother of Mrs. Archibald Randolph and MIbs [Miss] Mary Willing Burwell, both of Clarke countyt", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G815", "source_id": "S385", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Thomas Hugh Burwell, funeral", "excerpt": "Funeral services were held at 3 o'clork on Sunday afternoon in Christ Protestant Eplsdopal [Episcopal] Churhh [Church] at Mill, wood ... and interment was In the family burial lot in the cemetery at Old Chapel.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G816", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Earnest Hillyard, Former Boyce Boy, Drowned Near Washington City\"", "excerpt": "News was received at Boyce Tuesday of the sad death by drowning of Earnest Hillyard, of Washington, son of Mrss. Mary Ann Hillyard, formely of Boyce. Mr. Hillyard was drowned while in bathing near Washington. He lived at Boyce before he went to Washington to engage in business. ... Burial was in Mt. Hebron. He is survived by his mother ... C. E. Hillyard of Winchester, Va.. Otho and John W. Hillyard, of Boyce, and two sisters, Mrs. Lonnie Bettus, of Shenandoah Junction, and Mrs. Joseph Heflin, of near Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G817", "source_id": "S302", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Dr. Lawson B. Moore, Native of Berryville, Dies at Charlottesville\"", "excerpt": "Dr. Lawson Bottg Moore, son of the late Judge and Mrs. S. J. C. Moore, of Berryvllle, died at his home at Charlotesville, Va., last Saturday evening ... Dr. Moore is survived by his wife ... and four sisters—Mrs. F. B. Tilford, of Miami, Fla., Mrs. W. S. Mott, of Gloucester county. Miss Nora Moore, of Washington, and Miss Jane C. Moore, of berryvllle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G818", "source_id": "S386", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mr. J. T. Huff Passes Away Peacefully at His Home in Berryville\"", "excerpt": "Mr. John Thamas Huff, a well known citizen of Clarke for several yearR, died at his home In Berryville on Saturday, June 7 ... Those surviving are his widow ... two brothers Messrs. Robert and James Huff; and two sisters, Mrs. Elizabeth Wright, of Boyce, and I Miss Lucy Huff, of Bluemont.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G819", "source_id": "S387", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"John W. Boyd Dies at Rocks Ferry, W. Va.,\" from the Spirit of Jefferson", "excerpt": "Mr. John W. Boyd died at his home at Rocks Ferry, in the southern end of Jefferson county, Friday, July 20 ... apd [and] Agnes Boyd, of this county, and Mr. Addison Boyd and Mrs. Walter Bell, and Mrs. William Licklider, of Clarke county, Va., and Mrs. William Marcus, of Loudoun county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G820", "source_id": "S387", "locator": "Page 3, obituary \"John W. Boyd Dies at Rocks Ferry, W. Va.,\" from the Spirit of Jefferson", "excerpt": "and by eightetn [eighteen] children, seven sons and eleven daughters ... and Mr. Addison Boyd and Mrs. Walter Bell, and Mrs. William Licklider, of Clarke county, Va., and Mrs. William Marcus, of Loudoun county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G821", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Thomas Poston", "excerpt": "Mr. Thomas Poston, aged 49 years, died last Friday, from a complication ot diseases. He Is survived- by a wife, who was a Miss Hammer of Clarke county, and two children ... and one brother and three ulster* [sisters]—Mias ' Susie Poston, of Charles Town, Mrs. Hester Chubb, of Detroit, Mich., Mrs. James Huff, and Mr. Luther Poston of Clarke countr . Mr. Poston spent his boyhood days in Clarke.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G822", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Mallory Dies After Long Illness\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Martin Mallory died at the home of her husband's parents in Berryville on August 11 at 6:30 a. m. ... During the World War her^usband [her husband] who Is a son of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Mallory, served many months on foreign soil in Company 1, 116th Infantry, of the 39th Division. Mrs. Mallory was 28 years of age and a daughter of the late Elijah Marlowe of this county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G823", "source_id": "S388", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Catherine Baker Dies at Boyce; Nearly Hundred Years Old\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Catherine Anne Spiker Baker, widow of the late Martin Baker, a well known Clarke county farmer of a generation ago, and mother of Mr. George Baker, of near Boyce, died at the home of her daughter Miss Annie Baker,in Boyce, last Saturday after reaching the-age of 98 years. ... Four children survive—Miss Annie Baker, of Boyce, Mr. George Baker, a farmer near Boyce, Mrs. Johu Barber, of Darkesville, W. Va., and Mr. W. B. Baker, of Middleway.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G824", "source_id": "S389", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Charles F. Brown Dies After Long Illness\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Brown came t» Clarke from Wstmoroland county, bJ« old homo, whore his family is prominent. Ho is survived by a widow and two children—-Miss,Elisabeth Brown, of Berryville, -and Mr.Arthar W. Brown, of Kentucky.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G825", "source_id": "S390", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Hugh Armel Killed Unloading Logs at Basket Factory Plant\"", "excerpt": "HUGH ARMEL KILLED UNLOADING LOGS AT BASKET FACTORY PLANT ... Hr. [Mr.] Hugh Armel, 23 years old. son of Mr. John Armel, a prominent farmer of the White Post neighborhood, was crushed to death last Thursday morning when a huge log breaking lose from its kooks [hooks] while being unloaded, colled [rolled] down the pile and jammed him against a freight car. ... It is believed he was killed instantly", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G826", "source_id": "S390", "locator": "Page 1, report of the death of Hugh Armel, continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Armel was the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Armel, of White Post ... He had been in Berryville only a short time, having accepted employment in the basket factory. ... He is' survived by a wife, who was a Miss Butler, daughter of J. W. Butler, of White Post, and a baby. Besides -’'-his pareuts [parents] he leaves three brothers——Messrs. Thomas Armel, of Boyce, Floyd Armel, of White Post, Lawerence Armel", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G827", "source_id": "S390", "locator": "Page 1, report of the death of Hugh Armel, funeral", "excerpt": "It was later taken to the home of his father, Mr. John Armel, near White Post, and after funeral services from there Saturday it was interred in Macedenian cemetery in Frederick county. The accident cast a pall over the basket factory. Work was suspended for the day ... A number of the basket factory employes attended Mr. Armel's funeral in a body.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G828", "source_id": "S391", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. O'Fallon Dies at Her Home, Red Gate\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon, widow of the late Benjamin O'Fallon, died at “Red Oate” [Red Gate], her home near Millwood on Thursday, September ISth. ... She is also survived hy the follow ling children: .Mrs. C. Hunt Turn jer of St. Louis, Miss Ethel Carter O'Fallon, of Millwood. Mr. Howard ! L O'Fallon, Mrs. Jas. H. Nolan, of Berryville, and three step children. ’ Mrs. Wm. F. Randolph, of \"Athlone\" 'Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G829", "source_id": "S392", "locator": "Page 4, death notice of Charles Randolph Rosenberry", "excerpt": "Charles Randolph Rosenberry, one year old son of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Roscnberiy, died at his home near Briggs last Tuesday, Sept. 18th.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G830", "source_id": "S393", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Sam Rust of Loudoun County Dies\"", "excerpt": "SAM RUST OF LOUDOUN COUNTY DIES Mr. Sam Rust, brother of Mr. Robert Rust, of Clarke, died at his home in Loudoun County last Friday. He was well known in both counties, and was buried in Leesburg last Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G831", "source_id": "S394", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"J. W. Parker Dies After Short Illness\"", "excerpt": "Mr. J. W. Parker, well-known blacksmith of this county, died at his home on North Church street last Friday afternoon about 1 o’clock. ... Mr. Parker is survived by his widow and five children—George Parker, of Boyce; Mrs. A. W. Doggette, of Stephens City; Charles Parker, of Berryvllle; Fred and Harvey Parker, of Waterford, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G832", "source_id": "S275", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of Downey Boyd", "excerpt": "towney [Downey] Boyd, fifteen youp [year] old MW [son] of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson Boyd, of thla [this] county, died In Memorial hospital last Friday morning, November Id, at live a. m. He was taken 111 [ill] on Wednesday and was rushed to Winchester for an operation for appendicitis. ... Surviving the young man are his parents who reside near the Shenandoah river In this county, one broth, er, Mr. Henry Boyd, of Clarke county, and three sisters, Mrs. Mabel Tomblln, of Jefferson county, W. Va., Mrs. Viola Orndoff, of Clarke county, and Miss Violet Boyd, who reside with her parents.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G833", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Young Mother Dies From Complication\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Rosa Lee Bayliss, 35 years j old, wife of Edgar Bayliss, of Berryville, and daughter of Mr. and Mrs. j Thomas N. Johnson, of Clarke coun-| ty died at 12:3o o’clock on Sunday j morning in Winchester Memorial i Hospital, where she recently underwent an operation for appendicitis.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G834", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 7, obituary of William Martin Bayliss", "excerpt": "Mr. William Martin Bayliss, brother of Mr. Joseph Bayliss. of Berryvtlle [Berryville], died at his home at Wln . Chester on Tuesday, November 25. He was a member of an old and well known Frederick county family, and was for many years engaged in farming near Winchester.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G835", "source_id": "S297", "locator": "Page 3, obituary of James F. Smith", "excerpt": "JAMES F. SMITH Mr. James F. Smith, father of Mrs. Abnie Shiley, of White Post, died at his home near Stephens City Sunday December 2. ... He is survived by a widow, formerly Miss • Mary Evans, of Frederick county, five daughters, Mrs. Annie Shiley, of White Post", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G836", "source_id": "S381", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Miss Mary Billmyre\"", "excerpt": "Miss Mary Blllmyre, daughter of Mr. John Billrayre, of Gaylor'd, died at the Home for Incurables. Richmond, last Friday afternoon. Miss Blllmyre was 43 years of age ... Her father, Mr. John\"; Blllmyre,,, survives her, and resides at Qaylord [Gaylord].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G837", "source_id": "S329", "locator": "Page 2, item \"Custis Lewin Takes Miss Hummer as Bride\"", "excerpt": "\" CU8TIB LEWlN [CUSTIS LEWIN] TAKES -Sr , MISS HUMMER AS BRIDE Mr. \"Custis Lewin and Miss Edith ■ Htfmmer [Hummer], of Millwood, were married by Rev. F. M. Richardson, pastor of the Methodist Church, South, Winchester, December 23, at the parsonage, The couple will make their home near Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G838", "source_id": "S329", "locator": "Page 1, report of the wedding of Miss Maude Kennerly and Thomas E. Blackwell", "excerpt": "Richmond, Jan. 10—Miss Maude I-Ittlepage Kennorly [Kennerly], of White Post, daughter of the late Frank Kennerly and Mrs. Nannie L. Kennerly, of Clarke county, and Mr. Thomas E Blackwell, son of Mr. and fra. [Mrs.] Moreau Blackwell, of ReedvilU [Reedville], Northumberland county, were quietly married in Monumental Church here last Wednesday afternoon at 4 o'clock", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G839", "source_id": "S348", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Walter Hardesty Weds Martinsburg Girl\"", "excerpt": "WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTIN SBC RG [MARTINSBURG] GIRL ... At the parsonage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Martinsburg, Miss Alice N. Grant, of Martinsburg, became the bride of Mr. Walter Haidesty [Hardesty], of Berryville, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G840", "source_id": "S348", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Walter Hardesty Weds Martinsburg Girl,\" continued", "excerpt": "'I ha [The] bride is the attractive daughter of Mr and Mrs. J. O. Grant. The grconTls [groom is] the son of Mr. O. J. Hardesty, of near Berryville, and is a promine.it [prominent] farmer of that section. During I he [the] recent war Mr. Hardesty spent twentv-three months in active service as a motor mechanic, ranking as sergeant of his company and twenty months of his time was spent in active service in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G841", "source_id": "S350", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Shewbridge a Bride\"", "excerpt": "MISS 8HEWBRIDGE [SHEWBRIDGE] A BRIDE Mr. George L. Ziler, of Cumberland. M». [Guerre] for bravery in action.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G847", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 101, register entry for the marriage of Charles Campbell MacLeod and Margaretta Colston Carper", "excerpt": "MacLEOD. Charles Campbell: s/o Charles & Leita MacLEOD; 29y; sgl; salesman: b. Lynchburg Va res. Box 368, Lynchburg, Va; m. 6 Jul 1921 at Boyce to CARPER, Margaretta Colston; d/o Julian L. & Minnie S. CARPER: 20y; sgl: b. & res. ClrkVA:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G848", "source_id": "S357", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Maurice Wisecarver Weds Winchester Girl\"", "excerpt": "MACRIt'K [MAURICE] WISECARVER WEDS WINCHESTER GIRL Herryville [Berryville] Clothing Merchant and Miss Camille Hrnec Capper are 1 Married. I Mr. Maurice F. Wisecarver. of | llerryville [Berryville], and Miss Camille nr lice Capper, daughter of Mr. and Mrs E. Hruce Capper, of Winchester, were married Tuesday evening at the bride's home. ... Mr. Wisecarver and his hrlde [bride] will he [be] at home in Berryville after August 1st.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G849", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Ginn the Bride of Dr. V. R. Mason\"", "excerpt": "Millwood. Va., August 22—A wedding tinged with war romance took place at noon last Wednesday in Christ Protestant Episcopal Church here, when Miss Lucy Meredith Ginn, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph n Ginn, formerly of Clarke county, but now of Chester, Pa., became the bride of Dr. Verne R Mason, until recently a resident physician of Johns Hopkins Hospital of Baltimore", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G850", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Ginn the Bride of Dr. V. R. Mason,\" the wedding luncheon", "excerpt": "The wedding guests were entertained immediately after the ceremony at a buffet luncheon given by 'Mr. and Mrs. Treadwell Gibson, tin. >'le [uncle] and aunt of the bride, at their home near Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G851", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Ginn the Bride of Dr. V. R. Mason,\" the bride", "excerpt": "The bride ... is a graduate of the training school for nurses at the l'a ion [Union] Protestant Infirmary in Baltimore ... She enlisted in the Red Cross hospital service and served as a nurse in Franco [France] dutlng [during] the world war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G852", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 104, register entry for the marriage of Verne Rheen Mason", "excerpt": "MASON. Verne Rheen s/o O H L & Dora Reno MASON 32y sql. physician b Batavia Iowa res Los Angeles Calif m 17 Aug 1921", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G853", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Gretta Wyndham Weds College Professor\"", "excerpt": "A redding [wedding] of much interest to Clarly [Clarke] county was solemnized last Thunday [Thursday], August 18. at Robertsville, O., when Miss Gretta Bee WynAam [Wyndham], daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. B Wyndham, of Berryville, be. can>a [became] the bride of Mr. Charles Leroy IseiUerg [Isenberg], of McConnellstown, Pa, Mils [Miss] Wyndham is the eldest daugb ter [daughter] C? [of] Mr. and Mrs. Wyndham She is ar [an] accomplished musician", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G854", "source_id": "S343", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Brilliant Wedding in Grace Church\"", "excerpt": "Miss Nancy Goodwin Williams, daughter of Mr. and Mm [Mrs.] Goodwin H. Williams, of “Alrlee,” [Airlee] near Berryville, and Mr. Tom Lewis Peyton, of Washington, fcrere [were] united in marriage. ... The ceremony wag [was] performed by Rev. George 8. [S.] Vest.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G855", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 124, register entry for the marriage of Tom Lewis Peyton and Nancy Goodwin Williams", "excerpt": "PEYTON Tom Lewis; s/o Harry & Margaret PcYTON; 24y; sgl; real estate- b WashDC: res. 2623 Garfield St. NW. WashDC; m. 15 Oct 1921 at Berryville to WILLIAMS, Nancy Goodwin; d/o Goodwin H. & Anne H. WILLIAMS: 23y; sgl; b. & res. ClrkVA; (off) Geo. S. VEST;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G856", "source_id": "S397", "locator": "Page 1, announcement of the marriage of Charles J. Enders and Willie Belle Colston", "excerpt": "Cards of announcement were is sited [issued] hit,, [here] yesterday for the marriage of Mr Charles J Kuder.-. [Enders] sou [son] of t'api. [Capt.] and Mrs. John H Kmlers [Enders]. and Miss Willie Hello [Belle] Colston, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank 1' [P.] Colston. | of near Hoyce [Boyce] The wedding w as quietly celebrated yesterday afternoon at the home of the bride.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G857", "source_id": "S316", "locator": "Page 4, report of the marriage of Charles J. Enders and Willie Belle Colston", "excerpt": "The marriage* Of Mr. Charles En .l’rrs [Enders], c.on [son] of Capt. and Mrs. John H. Indent [Enders], of Berryville, and Miss WU l.e [Willie] Belle Colston, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Colston, of Boyc* [Boyce], 100k [took] thi;r [their] friends by surprise last \" ednesday [Wednesday] ... Thai/ [They] were married in Washington at the First Baptist Church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G858", "source_id": "S362", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Joe Ritter and Miss Pine Quietly Married\"", "excerpt": "JOE RITTER AND MISS PINE QUIETLY MARRIED ... I Mr. Joseph Edward Ritter, of i Boyce, and Miss Irene Pine, daughter j of Mr, Thomas Pine, of Millwood. were quietly married at the Met bo | diet [Methodist] parsonage yestrday afternoon by I Rev. W. H. Ballengee. ... i they will make their home at Boyce i upon their return,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G859", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 134, register entry for the marriage of Jos. Edward Ritter and Irene Pyne", "excerpt": "RITTER. Jos. Edward, s/o John H. & Ida RITTER; 22y; sgl; section hand on r. r,; b. ClrkVA; res, Boyce: m. 30 Nov 1921 at Berryville to PYNE, Irene; d/o Thos. J. & Maude J PYNE 20y sgl' b. & res. ClrkVA:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G860", "source_id": "S344", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Mrs. Grace Eaton Weds Washington Man\"", "excerpt": "MRS. GRACE EATON WEDS WASHINGTON MAN Mrs. Grace Eaton, daughter of Mrs. Wm. Shackleford, of Berryville, was married to Mr. Wm. I.egg [Legg], of Washington, in that city of [on] Christmas day. The bride and groo mare [groom are] now visiting the former’s mother here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G861", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Audrey Zombro Weds John Lanham\"", "excerpt": "MISS AUDREY ZOMBRO ! WEDS JOHN LANHAM I Bovce [Boyce], Feb. 8—Miss Audrey ' Zombro, aged 16, and Mr. John Lanhain [Lanham], aged 20, both of Berry I ville, surprised their friends bv [by] j quietly going over to Charles iTown, Wednesday, February 1, ' where they were married by Rev. 1 Mr. Swann. The bride is a daugh j ter of the late T. L. Zombro and the groom is the only son of Mr. Charles F. Lanham.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G862", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Mrs. Mary Elliotte Bride of John Gore\"", "excerpt": "MRS. MARY ELLIOTTE BRIDE OF JOHN GORE Mrs. Mary Elliotte, widow of the late Charles Elliotte, and Mr. John Gore, of White Post, were quietly married in Hagerstown last Saturday by Rev. T. J. Coffman. Mrs. Wm. Mallory, of Ber rytfille [Berryville], sister of the bride, and a number of friends witnessed the ceremony.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G863", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Justice Struder, 75, Takes Bride of 22\"", "excerpt": "JUSTICE STRUDER, IS, TAKES BRIDE OF 22 ... ^udge [Judge] William M. Strader, of» dtllwood [Millwood], for years a Justice of he [the] Peace of Qtapel [Chapel] District ... became lappy [a happy] bridegroom Saturday, af ernoon [afternoon]. The bride, who is 22 ■ears [years] old, was Miss Carrie Mae: 'oinbro [Zombro], of Greencastle, Pa. The narriage [marriage] ceremony was perform-i d at the Methodist Church par-1 onage by Rev.W. H. Ballengcc.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G864", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 154, register entry for the marriage of Wm. M. Struder and Carrie Mae Zombro", "excerpt": "STRUDER. Wm. M . s/o Maurice & Margaret STRUDER: 75y: wid; apiarist b. Nelson Co. Va res. Millwood: m. 18 Feb 1922 at Berryville to ZOMBRO. Carrie Mae d/o Thomas Nelson & Cora Belle ZOMBRO 22y, sgl: b & res. Greencastle Pa;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G865", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. J. Edward Barnett Passes Away Suddenly,\" survivors", "excerpt": "Her good husband, two sons, Mr. Edward Barnett and Dr. Neill Barnett, of Richmond, and Miss Mable Barnett of Berryville survive.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G866", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Pretty Home Wedding Here\"", "excerpt": "- Miss Stella 'Augusta Trenary* and Mr. Carl L. WeUinger [Wellinger], of Martingsburg [Martinsburg], were quietly mat-; ried at the home of the bride's uncle aod [and] aunt, Mr. and Mrs. J.| W. Kercheval last Friday after ! noon at 2:3000 o’clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G867", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Pretty Home Wedding Here,\" the bride", "excerpt": "She is the daughter of 'the late A. B. Trenary and Mrs ‘Augusta G. Trenary. who was be fore her marriage Miss Augusta Stolle, of Berryville, and well re 'membered here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G868", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 171, register entry for the marriage of Carl L. Wellinger and Stella Augusta Trenary", "excerpt": "WELLINGER, Carl L; s/o G. a Rachael Jane WELLINGER; 30y; sgl: mercantile business; b. Martinsburg W Va; res. 304 East Burke St.. Martinsburg. W Va; m. 24 Feb 1922 at Berryville to TRENARY, Stella Augusta; d/o A. B. a Augusta TRENARY; 27y; sgl; b. a res. Martinsburg W Va;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G869", "source_id": "S369", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Sophie Powers' Engagement Announced\"", "excerpt": "MISS SOPHIE POWERS' ENGAGEMENT ANNOUNCED ... Mrs. Jaquelin Smith Powers, of Berryville, annouuced yesterday the engagement of her 'daughter, Miss Sophie tiieske [Gieski] Powers, to Mr. John Davidson Rhodes, of Taplin", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G870", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 1, report of the wedding of Sophie Gieski Powers and John Davidson Rhodes", "excerpt": "■A pretty ho-re [home] wedding was solemnized ;a t [last] Saturday aftei - noon at 4:30 r clock, when Miss Sophie Gieski Powers, daug‘1., [daughter of] Mrs. Jacquehn Smith Power-, was married to Mr. John Davia s n [Davidson] Rhodes, of Cary, W. Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G871", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 1, report of the wedding of Sophie Gieski Powers and John Davidson Rhodes, the couple", "excerpt": "The bride is a granddaughter of the late Mdllip [Phillip] M. Powers, of “Auburn,” ... The bridegrcom is a son of Mrs. R. M. Rhodes, of Bethlehem, Pa., is a mining engineer with head quarters at Gary, W. Ya", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G872", "source_id": "S346", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Mabel Barnett Bride of Mr. Hummer\"", "excerpt": "MISS MABEL BARNETT , . BRIDE OF MR. HUMMER ... of Mr. J, E. Barnett, former Chairman of the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, when his daughter. Miss Mable Barnett, became the bride of Mr. Ambrose B. Hummer, farmer and official of the Berryville Horse Show. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Nathan Maynard, pastor of the Baptist- Church", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G873", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 74, register entry for the marriage of Ambrose B. Hummer and Mabel J. Barnett", "excerpt": "HUMMER. Ambrose B.; s/o Jno. W. & Rose A. HUMMER; 41y; sgl; farmer, b. ClrkVA; res. Berryville, m. 3 May 1922 at Berryville to BARNETT, Mabel J.; d/o J. E. & Lucy BARNETT: 38y; sgl: b. ClrkVA; res. Berryville,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G874", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Virginia Gaunt a Beautiful Bride\"", "excerpt": "MISS VIRGINIA GAUNT A BEAUTIFUL BRIDE ... Miss Virginia Gaunt, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Gaunt of Clarke county, became the bride of Mr. Cornelius H. Webster, ot [of] Cumberland, Md., at a beautiful weJding [wedding] solemnized in the Baptist Church Easter Monday at 8 o’clock p. :r,. [m.] ... The ceremony was performed by Kcv. [Rev.] Nathan Maynard", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G875", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Virginia Gaunt a Beautiful Bride,\" continued", "excerpt": "her brother, Mr. Wilbur Gaunt, who gave 1 er [her] away. ... Mr. Webster* a young 1 • riness [business] man, js io th [is in the] 'vholesale [wholesale] confectionery business", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G876", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 170, register entry for the marriage of Cornelius H. Webster and Adelaide Virginia Gaunt", "excerpt": "WEBSTER. Cornelius H : s'o George 1A 3 Annie C. WEBSTER; 25y; sgl; salesman; b Cumber'and Md: res. 126 Bedford St., Cumberland Md; m 17 Apr 1922 at Benyx e to GAUNT, Adelaide Virginia; d/o John & Adelaide Virginia GAUNT 25y. sgl b. & res. ClrkVA;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G877", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, report of the wedding of Ira E. Painter and George W. Joy at Glenarm, Maryland", "excerpt": "prettiest social events of the season was celebrated at Glenarm, Md., when Miss Ira E. Painter daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ambrose C. Painter, formerly of Boyce, was married to Mr. Geo. I W. Joy, of Baltimore. ... at the Painter home on this occasion was Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Alger, of Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G878", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Rosa Woolfolk Bride of Mr. Whiting\"", "excerpt": "MISS ROSA WOOLFOLK BRIDE OF MR. WHITING Ceremony is Quietly Performed at Westminster, Md. ... Anii- uncement [Announcement] is made of the wedding of Miss Rosa Woolfolk, daughter of Mrs. Eliza Turpin and i giandaughtcr [granddaughter] of the late ■ a^t. \\V-])iam [Capt. William] N. Nelson- and Mr. Richard P. Whiting ... Mr. Whiting and his bride will make their home near Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G879", "source_id": "S346", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Mettie Levi Weds in Charles Town\"", "excerpt": "MISS METTIE LEVI j WEDS IN CHARLES TOWN ! Miss Mettie Levi, daughter of1 I Mr. and Mrs. John Levi, and one j of the popular “hello” girls in the Berryville exchange, was married to Mr. J. Perry Smith at the Methodist parsonage there by Rev. Mr. Best. The groom is the son of Chief Smith", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G880", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 4, report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood", "excerpt": "Briggs, May 31—Mis* [Miss] Naomi Willingham, daughter of the late D. W. Willingham of CladtM [Clarke] county, was married today at noon to Mr. Arthur Ashwood, son of Mr. S. M Ashwood, at the home of Mr. and Mr*. [Mrs.] E. P. Royston, near here. The cer«tno~ ny [ceremony] was performed by Rev. L. f. Harper> of Berryvill", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G881", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 4, report of the wedding of Naomi Willingham and Arthur Ashwood, attendants", "excerpt": "in the parlor of the Roystott [Royston] home. Miss Dorothy Murpny [Murphy] of Berryville was Maid of Honor", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G882", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 5, register entry for the marriage of Arthur Ashwood and Naomi Webster Willingham", "excerpt": "ASHWOOD, Arthur; s/o Samuel M. & C. Virginia ASHWOOD: 21y; sgl; farmer; b. ClrkVA; res. Boyce; m. 31 May 1922 at ClrkVA to WILLINGHAM, Naomi Webster; d/o Daniel & Fannie WILLINGHAM; 18y, sgl; b. ClrkVA; res. Briggs; (off) L. F. HARPER;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G883", "source_id": "S334", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Winter Sowers and Miss Denny Marry\"", "excerpt": "WINTER SOWERS AND MISS DENNY MARRY ... Miss Mary Denny, daughter oi [of] Mrs. Marietta Denny and the late James Richard Denny, and Mr Winter Bushong Sowers, son of Mr. Clayton K. Sowers, one of tire [the] best informed orchardists of the valley, were quietly married yesterday morning at the home of Mrs. Denny on Main street", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G884", "source_id": "S334", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Winter Sowers and Miss Denny Marry,\" the groom", "excerpt": "is an automobile machani jiean [mechanician] employed by the Be.ryville [Berryville] Garage and is regarded as one of the best in this section.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G885", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 150, register entry for the marriage of Winter Bushong Sowers and Mary Foster Denny", "excerpt": "SOWERS. Winter Bushong s/o Clayton K. & Laura K SOWERS: 29y; sgl: mechanic: b. ClrkVA: res Berryville: m. 7 Jun 1922 at Berryville to DENNY. Mary Foster d o Jas Richard & Marietta DENNY; 21y, sgl. b. Gerardstown W Va. res. Berryville:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G886", "source_id": "S398", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Beautiful Wedding at Christ Church\"", "excerpt": "BEAUTIFUL WEDDING AT CHRIST CHURCH Miss Evelyn Turpin, Granddaughter of Late Capt. Wm. N. Nelson, is the Bride of Mr. Sumner F. Dudley Walters, of Mountclair, N. J., 'Yesterday •Afternoon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G887", "source_id": "S398", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Beautiful Wedding at Christ Church,\" continued", "excerpt": "and a 'grand daughter of the late Capt. Wm. N'. Nelson, was married to Mr. Sumner F. Dudley Walters, of Mountclair, N. J. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Charles Lee, of Macon, Ga.. assisted by Rev. B. D. Chambers, rector of Christ Church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G888", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 168, register entry for the marriage of Sumner Francis Dudley Walters and Evelyn Nelson Turpin", "excerpt": "WALTERS, Sumner Francis Dudley: s/o Chas F. & Mary A. WALTERS: 24y; sgl; minister; b Newark N. J.: res. Lawrence Kansas; m. 14 Jun 1922 at Millwood to TURPIN. Evelyn Nelson d/o Wm. C. & Evelyn Nelson TURPIN 23y. sg: 0. Macon, Georgia, res Millwood;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G889", "source_id": "S399", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Baker and Mr. Kerfoot Wed Amidst Flowerland\"", "excerpt": "Miss Ellen McGill Baker, daughter of Mrr [Mr.] Henry William Baker, president of the First National Bank of' Berryville , became the bride of Mr. Alfred Moss Kerfoot, son of Mrs. Mirfnie [Minnie] Moss Kerfoot and the late Dr. Henry D. Kerfoot, in stately old Grace Episcopal Church yesterday evening at 8 ;30 o’clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G890", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 86, register entry for the marriage of Alfred Moss Kerfoot and Ellen McGill Baker", "excerpt": "KERFOOT, Alfred Moss; s/o Henry D. & Minnie M KERFOOT; 41y; sgl; life insurance agent; b. ClrkVA; res. Berryville: m 21 Jun 1922 at Berryville to BAKER. Ellen McGill: d/o H. W. & Emma W. BAKER: 29y; sgl; b. ClrkVA; res. Berryville:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G891", "source_id": "S338", "locator": "Page 3, report \"Broaddus Morris Weds Ohio Business Woman\"", "excerpt": "Announcement Is made of the marriage of Mies Wllia O. Hough, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. - B. R. Hough, of Findley, O., and Mr. Broaddus Morris, son of Mr. F. H. Morris, of Berryvllle. The wedding was quietly celebrated at Cumberland, Md„ Sept. 7", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G892", "source_id": "S338", "locator": "Page 3, report \"Broaddus Morris Weds Ohio Business Woman,\" the groom", "excerpt": "Mr. Morris connected with is fath er’s implement business, looking especially after the business details of 1 the oifice. ... They will live in Berryvile.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G893", "source_id": "S400", "locator": "Page 1, item on the marriage of Mrs. Sylvia DeBeck Lewis and Richard Isreal", "excerpt": "Washington of the marriage of Mrs. Sylvia DeBeck Lewis, who makes her home in Berryville in the summer, to Mr. Richard Isreal, of Washington. ... owning the property that was formerly the home of the late Dr. Cyrus Mc Cormick. She is a native of Den mark and possesses a charm of manner ... They will make their home in Washington.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G894", "source_id": "S401", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Married at M. E. Parsonage\"", "excerpt": "Married at the Methodist parsonage. Ihy [by] Rev. L. L. Lowance on Wodnes Iduy [Wednesday],\"November 2, 1922, William or . Ian Johnson and Miss Elsie Marie : Jenkins, both of Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G895", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 82, register entry for the marriage of Wm. Orlan Johnson and Elsie Marie Jenkins", "excerpt": "JOHNSON, Wm. Orlan; s/o Wm. Berry & Arabell JOHNSON: 25y: sgl: farming: b. ClrkVA: res. Berryville; m. 22 Nov 1922 at Berryville to JENKINS. Elsie Marie: d/o Clarence & Naomi JENKINS; 18y; sgl, b. ClrkVA; res Berryville; (off) L. L. LOWANCE;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G896", "source_id": "S290", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs Arthur Wright of f *vest [West] main street, are receiving the t congratulations of their many friend J a [on] the arrival of a daughter, who r ..me [came] on Sunday May 6th.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G897", "source_id": "S294", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Irene Wright Weds Mr. E. L. Yancey of Washington, D. C.\"", "excerpt": "MISS IRENE WRIGHT WEDS MR. E. L. YANCEY OF WASHINGTON, D. C. Mr. Edwin L. Yancey, of Washington, D. C., and Miss Irene Wright, daughter of Mr. Arthur Wright, of Berryvllle, were marled at the bride's home on September 4th, at 3 P. M. by the Rev. L. F. Harper.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G898", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 183, register entry for the marriage of Edwin Lynwood Yancey and Irene Wright", "excerpt": "YANCEY, Edwin Lynwood; s/o Edwin Louis & Edith Marie YANSEY; 26y: sgl; interior decorator; b. CulpVA: res. WashDC: m 4 Sep 1923 at Berryville to WRIGHT, Irene; d/o Arthur WRIGHT & Margaret CARROLL; 19y; sgl;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G899", "source_id": "S402", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Mary M. Shepherd a Charming June Bride\"", "excerpt": "A pretty but quiet wedding was soleminized in Millwood on June 6 at the residence of the Rev. Julius D. Russell who performed the ceremony. Miss Mdry Magdelene, the beautiful and attractive daughter of Mr, and Mrs. Thos. Shephe", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G900", "source_id": "S402", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miss Mary M. Shepherd a Charming June Bride,\" continued", "excerpt": "of Morgan’s Mill neighborhood, became the bride of Earl Ray Smallwood son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Smallwood of Boyce, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G901", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 1, report \"A. E. F. Veteran Weds Winchester Girl\"", "excerpt": "On Thursday, June 21; at 8:00 P. M. Miss Virginia Chrismore, of Winchester, became the bride of Mr. Earnst Locke of Berryville. The wedding, which took place at the bride's home, was a pretty and quiet one", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G902", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 1, report \"A. E. F. Veteran Weds Winchester Girl,\" guests from Berryville", "excerpt": "Those attending the ceremony from Berryville were Mr. W. D. Wisecarver and family. Mr. George Skelton. Mr. Chas. Galloway, Mr. Wm Mesmer, Mr. B. W. Vorous, Mr.-and Mrs. M. F. Wisecarver and Mr. Thos. Klsea [Elsea].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G903", "source_id": "S388", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Symons-Starkey\"", "excerpt": "SYMONS—STARKEY „ Harry J. Symons and Miss Sarah U. Starkey, both of Charlestdwn, W. Va., were qultely [quietly] married at the per jonaii [parsonage] of the,Methodist Church at Frederick ... She Is the daughter of Joseph Starkey, a well known farmer of near Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G904", "source_id": "S403", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Cassell Kercheval Wins Winchester Girl\"", "excerpt": ". MIm [Miss] Evelyn E. Wisecarver, accomplished daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Wisecarver, of Winchester, and Mr. Cassell C. Kercheral [Kercheval], son of Mr. J. W. Kercheval of this city wens [were] united In marriage by Rev. Nathan Maynard of the Baptist church", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G905", "source_id": "S404", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Peters-Jones\"", "excerpt": "PETERS—JONES Mr*. Maria Peters and Mr. Thoe. [Thos.] a. [A.] Jones were married at Hagerstown on Saturday, November 10 at the Presbyterian Mdnse. ... Other members of the party werer Misses femma Joneq. | Edith Estep, of Berryville, Miss Kant, of Hagerstown, and Mr. Ber rard [Bernard] Jones, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G906", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Anker-Ware\"", "excerpt": "A quiet wedding was that of Miss Cornelia Ware to Mr. John Anker, both of Washington. D. C.. which took place at the home of the bride's cousin. Mrs. Roger Elliott, at Whit? Plains. N. Y.. on the afternoon of Tuesday, November 27. Mrs. Anker is the daughter of Rev. Sigismund S. Ware, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G907", "source_id": "S297", "locator": "Page 4, notice \"Married\"", "excerpt": "MARRIED On Saturday, December 8, U23 at the Methodist parsonage. Rev. L. L. Lowance, officiating. Mr. Lennis Brown, of Milldale, and Miss Effie Butler, of White Post. Va.. were united Inmarriage. The birde [bride] is a sister of Mrs. Alma R. Owens, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G908", "source_id": "S396", "locator": "Page 19, register entry for the marriage of Linnis Brown and Effie Butler", "excerpt": "BROWN, Linnis; s/o W. B. & Hattie BROWN; 20y; sgl; farmer; b. & res. Milldale. m. 8 Dec 1923 at Berryville to BUTLER, Effie: d/o W. J. & L. C BUTLER; 18y; sgl; b. WrnVA; res. White Post; (off) Rev. L. L. LOWANCE;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G909", "source_id": "S405", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mrs. J. M. Rutherford, Miss Made line Hook, of Martinsburg, and Miss Eva Lee, of Boyce, were guests at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Emmart Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G910", "source_id": "S311", "locator": "Page 4, report of the death of William B. Crisp", "excerpt": "The following dispatch from New York tells of the death of Mr. Wil liam B. Crisp, who will be remem bered in Berryvjiie [Berryville] as a frequent vis itor here many years ago, and who married Miss Mary. N. Vandeventer, daughter of Mrs. James Vandeventer, of Berryville, and a sister of Mr. C. Vandeventer, Cashier of the Boyce State Bank,'and of Mr. Morgan Van deventer, of Baltimore:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G911", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer, of White Post, visited the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer, Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G912", "source_id": "S354", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs A. K. Dolfflemyer and family spent Sunday with their son and daughter-in-law Mr and Mrs. Lloyd Dofflemyer, of Boyce", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G913", "source_id": "S351", "locator": "Page 3, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mr and Mrs. A. K. Dofflemyer and family spent Easter with their daugh ter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Rov [Roy] Pyles, of Boyce, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G914", "source_id": "S406", "locator": "Page 3, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. Roy Pyles, of Boyce, spent Saturday night and Sunday with the latter's parents. Mr. and Mrs A. K. Dofflemyer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G915", "source_id": "S313", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Miraculous Escape from Lightning Bolt\"", "excerpt": "A bolt of lightning, during last Friday's hailstorm, strqck [struck] the north. west corner of the home of Mr. J. W. Barringer on East Main street, both Mr. and Mrs. Barringer having nar. row escapes ... Mr. Barringer was sitting on the front porch and while he was dazed he was uninjjured. The bolt how. ever stopped his watch", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G916", "source_id": "S313", "locator": "Page 3, item \"Edgar M. Briggs Weds South Carolina Girl\"", "excerpt": "The marriage of Miss Catherine Monteith, daughter of D Y. Mon teith, to E. M. Briggs, was solemn ized Friday afternoon ... Mr. Briggs is a son of Mr. and Mrs. I. K. Briggs, of Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G917", "source_id": "S314", "locator": "Page 4, local items", "excerpt": "Miss Rose Moreland purchased the 1 old Moreland home on Rice street, when it was sold at public auction", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G918", "source_id": "S314", "locator": "Page 3, item \"Leonard H. Bell Wins Shepherdstown Bride\"", "excerpt": "Miss Alice Lee llansucker [Hansucker]. of Shepherdstown. niece of Mrs. Frank Galloway, of Castletnan's Ferry, and Mr. Leonard IL [H.] Bell, of Berryville. were quietly married at the M E Church South parsonage at Shop. : herdstown hist [last] Thursday", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G919", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 4, local items", "excerpt": "D Brown, who recently purchased the T. Eddy Brown build ing on Church street, will place a glass front in the building fot [for] his grocery store and butcher shop", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G920", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Mary V. Brown Dies: Was Long Ill\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Mary V. Brown, mother of Messrs. R. C. Brown and D. D. Brown of Berryville. died at her home at Millwood Monday after a long illness with Bright's disease.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G921", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 4, item in \"Little Locals\"", "excerpt": "The Courier had a pleasant visit last week from Mr, Kidder Meade, a New York newspaper man, who is at the home of his father. Mr. Key Meade, near Boyce, recuperating from a break down he suffered in | tlte [the] Battle of Argonne Forest.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G922", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of Fenton P. Whiting", "excerpt": "married in 1891 Miss Maude i Lewis, a sister of Commonwealth’s Attorney William Travers Lewie, a and Messrs. R. J, Lewis and C. C. Lewis, and Mrs. Samuel McCormick, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G923", "source_id": "S359", "locator": "Page 1, report on E. Lee Trinkle's campaign in Clarke", "excerpt": "Mr. Conrad C. Lewis, who was in the U. S. Fishery Service for years and stationed for nearly a score of years at Wytheville, has known Sen tor Trinkle since he wore short pants.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G924", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Charles A. Blake Weds Washington Girl\"", "excerpt": "Announcement is made of the mar. riage of Miss Bertha T Hefner, of Washington, to Mr. Charles A. Blake, formerly of Berryville, but now in business in Washington. ... The groom is a son of Mr, and Mrs C. H. Blake, of Berryville, and was the star athlete of the Berryville High School last year.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G925", "source_id": "S356", "locator": "Page 3, local items on building in Berryville", "excerpt": "The founda. lion for the new house of Mr. and Mrs. Janies [James] Feltner on South Church Street is completed", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G926", "source_id": "S306", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. J. Allen Wheat, of Charlottes ville. is visiting his mother, Mrs.! Florence Wheat, near Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G927", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Miss Gretta Wyndham Weds College Professor\"", "excerpt": "They were accompanied to Abertsville [Robertsville] by Miss Cosie Byrd 'Wyndham. of Berryville, who was the bride’ only attendant.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G928", "source_id": "S341", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. John Coleman and Miss Helen Semerean, of Eccles. W Va., who has been visiting his brother. Sir. [Mr.] W. G Coleman, of Berryville, left Fri. day", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G929", "source_id": "S355", "locator": "Page 2, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Miss Estelle Rutherford of White Post, is visiting relatives in thisseo tion for seteral days.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G930", "source_id": "S407", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Miss Estelle Rutherford, of White Post, spent a few days at the home of her grandfather Mr. J. C Ruther | ford.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G931", "source_id": "S316", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Inoculated Hogs Put with Sick Herd and Escapes Deadly Cholera\"", "excerpt": "j Mr. C. H. Young, the local butcher, jis now a strong believer in innocula lion of bogs agalnst cholera. About two month* ago cholera.' which invaded the swine herds in the Wlckllffe neighborhood, reached the | hogs on Young Bros, farm in that neighborhood. Mr. Young innocula ted his animals", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G932", "source_id": "S316", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Claims Rabbit Killing Championship in Clarke\"", "excerpt": "Charles A. Lan ham, of Boyce, claims the champion ship for killing rabbits this year. His trusty gun brought down 73 rabbits on the opening day of the rabbit sea so8 [season] and so far tht. season he has kill ed 115.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G933", "source_id": "S408", "locator": "Page 4, local items, Game Commission figures", "excerpt": "Those who suppli ed the Information for Clarke are: Came Warden D. T. Shepherd. Messrs T. H. Berwell. Millwood: W. O Wise carver, ilerryvlHe; L. J. Foley, Berry villa; H. W. Kdrfoot, Berryvllle;* W. A. Dearmont, White Poet; Thos. M. and B. W. Lippitt. Berryvllle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G934", "source_id": "S408", "locator": "Page 4, local items, posted land", "excerpt": "C. Erb, who lives north of Berryville, came into The Courier office Saturday and advertised the posting of his Band. “I am compelled to do this,’* /he said, “on account of the careless 'ness of some hunters. Last year one J steer and one sheep were shot on my tfarui.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G935", "source_id": "S362", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Jacob H. Dutterer Passes Away Suddenly\"", "excerpt": "JACOB H. DUTTERER PASSES AWAY SUDDENLY Prominent Farmer of Jefferson and Brother of 'Mr. Wm, Dutterer of Clarke County a Victim of Heart Trouble. ... He also leaves four brothers and one half sister, «s follows: Messrs. Wil Ham F. Dutterer, of Clarke county, Va., and John, Jerome and Mrs. John ,Myers, of Carroll county, Md.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G936", "source_id": "S409", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Randolph-Carson wedding", "excerpt": "whoa Mies Jean McNeill Carson, their youngest daughter, became the bride Of Mr. Percy Charrlagton. Randolph, a non [son] of the late Mr. William P. Randolph, and of Mrs Rosa Randolph of .Clarke county, Virginia-.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G937", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 4, White Post news", "excerpt": "Miss Louisa Glass of Berryville is visiting her cousin, Mrs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G938", "source_id": "S398", "locator": "Page 2, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rutherford of White Post, visited the home of Mr, John Rutherford Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G939", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Miss Estelle Rutherford, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C- A. Rutherford, of White Post, is im proving rapidly after the remov al of her tonsils at the Clinic on last Thursday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G940", "source_id": "S391", "locator": "Page 4, Minnie Wood Chapel notes", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Rutherford, of White Post, spent Sunday with the | formers sisters, Misses Mary and Minnie Rutherford,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G941", "source_id": "S327", "locator": "Page 2, local items", "excerpt": "Miss Katerine Pulliam, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Pulliam of Berryville, was at the Tse wWillard Hotel Sunday mor ning when the top floors of that famous hostelry were destroyed by fire. Miss Pulliam, who is a trained nurse, had charge of a patient critically ill with pneu monia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G942", "source_id": "S410", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Gardner building fire", "excerpt": "Fire of unknown origin Monday morn ing rased to the ground the Gar dner building, occupied bv Mrs. C. M. Gardner, the owner as a residence and by Mr. W. M. .Snell as a general merchandise store. Mrs. Gardner's Ions is $5, OUO with $3,000 insurance ... Mrs. Gardner and her . fam ily of eight children were only able to get out with the clothes they*wore.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G943", "source_id": "S410", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Gardner building fire, continued", "excerpt": "The Boyce Fire Engine was called and raced to White Post. It saved the house and outbuild ings of Mrs. Turner Ashby, who lived next door", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G944", "source_id": "S335", "locator": "Page 4, letter \"Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal\"", "excerpt": "James Frank Moore, [OCR unclear] Old Confederate Warrior' Risks Life to Save Brother, Who Fell from Horse and Broke Leg in Souks [South] Shenandoah River. ... It was none other than Mr. James Frank Moore, known to his friends as “Jim\" Moore.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G945", "source_id": "S372", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Pierce family reunion", "excerpt": "There was also present Mr. J. Vance Pierce, of Winches ter, a great uncle, and Mrs. Lyd ia R. Hardesty, of Berryville, a great aunt.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G946", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. Turner Huff and Miss Kdith [Edith] Lloyd, of Berryville. are visiting Mr. ano Mrs- Amos . Huff, near Upperville and attend ing Loudoun Camp Meeting.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G947", "source_id": "S270", "locator": "Page 1, notice of the death of Maggie Higgins Smith", "excerpt": "Having been nurse to the three children, Mr. Donald N. Gilpin, of Baltimore; Mr. Kenneth N. Gilpin and Mrs. L. M. Allen, of Clarke county. She afterwards became per sonal maid to Mrs. Henry B. Gilpin.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G948", "source_id": "S413", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Dr. Allen, Famous Surgeon, Resumes Practice in Winchester\"", "excerpt": "Dr. *Qd Mrs. L. M. Allen of Clarke county will more to Winchester the last of October. Dr. Allen will take up the practice of bis profession In that city.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G949", "source_id": "S287", "locator": "Page 1, report of the fifty-fifth wedding anniversary of Capt. and Mrs. Jacob Warden", "excerpt": "Only the family gathered at their homo and help them make merry the day. They were Mr. and Mrs. George W. Atkin son, and Mr. Harry C Warden, of Berryville, and Mr. and Mr*. 8. H. I'arkins, of Fort Defiance, Va", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G950", "source_id": "S411", "locator": "Page 4, report \"More than a Hundred Attend Silver Wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Withers\"", "excerpt": "Historic \"Soldier’s Retreat”, the stately home of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Withers in the northern section of Clarke, was the scene of beautiful", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G951", "source_id": "S411", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Withers silver wedding, guests from Berryville", "excerpt": "Those from Berryville included Miss Virginia Elder, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Atkinson, the Misses Luke, Mrs. Snouffer, Misses Bettie and Kate Moore, Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Pierce. Mr. and Mrs. Noble Pierce, Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Gaunt, Misses Pierce, Mr. Jos. Harris, Mr. Jetson Spates. Miss Mary Miller, Mr. Harry Warden Mrs. Jacob Warden, Mr. Triplett Hardesty, Mr. J. M. H. Clagett, Mr. Paul Pierce, Miss Dorothy Louise Moore.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G952", "source_id": "S288", "locator": "Page 4, local items", "excerpt": "He is well remembered in Clarke. His Grandfather lived near White Post on the farm now owned by Mr. Wise Sowers, where his father was born.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G953", "source_id": "S412", "locator": "Page 1, report on Mr. Spealman's pistol", "excerpt": "Mr. Spealman told Mr. Roy Whjtaker [Whitaker], son of Mr. T. W. Whitaker of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G954", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Berryville Horse Show", "excerpt": "silver cup offered in the Corinthian class by Mrs. Carter Mullikin Lockwood in honor of her father, Mr. Charles Mullikin, who did so much for the success of the show before hi3 death, was won by Gaylord shown by Troop F 3rd Cavalry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G955", "source_id": "S391", "locator": "Page 4, obituary \"Mrs. O'Fallon Dies at Her Home, Red Gate\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Mary Carter Shreve O'Fallon, widow of the late Benjamin O'Fallon, died at “Red Oate” [Red Gate], her home near Millwood ... Sis [Six] grand child ren also survive, Margaret Carter Turner, Lucy Anne Turner, Mary , O’Fallon, Howard O’Fallon, Jr.. 1 Chas. Mulllkln, all of St. Louis, and ' Mrs. Carter Mutllkin Lockwood, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G956", "source_id": "S394", "locator": "Page 4, report of the dance at \"Scaleby Manor\"", "excerpt": "at \"Scaleby Manor,” the home of Mr. Gilpin’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Brooke Gilpin, of Boyce.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G957", "source_id": "S414", "locator": "Page 2, Jefferson County news from the Farmers Advocate", "excerpt": "Mrs. Nannie Levi, of Clarke county took up her new duties as house keeperkeepc-r at the Charles Town Hospital on November 1. Mrs. Levi filled this position temporarily last winter, and this led to her appoint ment to the position permanently.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G958", "source_id": "S404", "locator": "Page 2, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. J. R. Strode, of Boyce, was a visitor to Berryville on Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G959", "source_id": "S415", "locator": "Page 5, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. Charles A. Moore, of Boyce was a visitor to Berryville this week.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G960", "source_id": "S381", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Mr. P. C. Randolph Tries Other Chicks\"", "excerpt": "Mr. P. C. Randolph, of Millwood, one of the county’s most successful poultrymen, has recently beer, mak ing experiments with Wyndottes in comparison with White Leghor", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G961", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 2, report of the Berryville High School closing exercises, graduates", "excerpt": "Toe graduates were Misses Marion I.evi [Levi]. Mattye Marlowe. Alice Mcsmer. Ruth Dean. Louise Rnmsburg and Mess- s. Malvin Longerbeam and, Gera'd Young. There was a close f io.ee between Miss Levi and Miss! ■Iar’owe for first honors, tie score ^ i ring so close that a fraction of aj point separated the two in favor of I Miss Levi.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G962", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 2, report of the Berryville High School closing exercises, class will", "excerpt": "Following Mr. Young Miss Alice Mesmer gracefully stepped forward and delivered the “Class Will.”", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G963", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 2, report of the Berryville High School closing exercises, continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Malvin Longerbeam delivered the \"Key Oration.” He had in his i hand a huge key. painted in gold and ; wrapped with green ribbon, the class I colors, which he called the \"key of I knowledge.” ... Then came Miss Louise Rnmsburg with \"Presentations.” ... Miss Ruth llean was chosen to make the \"Prophecy\" ... The \"Valedictory” was delivered by Miss Marion Levi.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G964", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Boyce Agricultural High School closing exercises", "excerpt": "The three graduates—R Bruce Golightly and Misses Catherine M, Denny and Nellie K. Jones—acquit ted themselves creditably in deliver, ing the addresses.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G965", "source_id": "S320", "locator": "Page 1, announcement of the Berryville High School closing exercises", "excerpt": "the eight young ladies who will re ceive them are Misses Elizabeth Fishpaw, Flora Kackley, Gladys Rowland, Clara Rush, Gertrude Rush, Alma Smallwood, Jose phine Stipe and Grace Young.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G966", "source_id": "S334", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Berryville High School closing exercises", "excerpt": "The Graduates were: Misses Clara Rush* Leora Kackley, Grace Young, Gertrude Rush, Al ma Smallwood, Josephine \"Stipe, Gladys Rowland, and Elizabeth Fishpaw. Miss Alma Smallwood made the highest average and was chosen to deliver the valedictory ‘and Miss Grace Young, the salu tatory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G967", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 2, announcement of the Boyce Agricultural High School closing exercises", "excerpt": "There will be five graduates this year. They are! A. Rice Green, C Chamblin Funkhouser. Kathryn M. Sprint, F. Margaret Rodgers and Audrey K. Fritts. Mr. Funkhouser is the star athlete of Clarke county, and next year lie will go to Blacks burg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G968", "source_id": "S333", "locator": "Page 2, announcement of the Boyce Agricultural High School closing exercises, headline", "excerpt": "Five in Graduating Class, Among Them Being Chamb • tin Funkhouser. Star Athlete of Clarke County. Who Will De liver Salutatory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G969", "source_id": "S398", "locator": "Page 3, report \"Many Are Promoted at Boyce High and Elementary School\"", "excerpt": "Misses Audrey Fritts, and Katheryn Sprint, Mr, Rice Green and Mr. Chamlin Funkhouser graduated and received diplomas < Athletic medals were also awar ded to Chambliln Funkhouser, A1 bert Clark, John Siler, Anna Hemsley, Lola Funkhouser. and 'Maris Frank for highest num ber of points won in their class, at the Berryville Field and Track meet. May 20th. 1 Rice Green received prize for best all around athlete.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G970", "source_id": "S398", "locator": "Page 3, report of the Boyce promotions", "excerpt": "Those promoted from 8th to ‘Ah grade are: ... Anna Hemsley", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G971", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, report \"Horse Show and Fair Best Ever Held in Clarke\"", "excerpt": "HORSE SHOW AND FAIR BEST EVER HELD IN CLARICE [CLARKE] ... That sums up the-opinion of be tween eight and nine thousand people who attended the eBrry ville [Berryville] Horse Show and Fair last Wednesday and Thursday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G972", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, awards in the Boys' and Girls' Department", "excerpt": "Miss Catherine Funkhouser, oi White Post, captured the pri7e [prize] for exhibiting the best baby beef in the Boys’ and Girls’ Depart ment ... Poland China Pigs, Harry Ver non Pifer, first; Regina Pifer, sec ond ; Poland China Pigs, Kenneth Simpson, first; Melissa McKay second; Dearing McKay, third James Simpson, fourth. ... Hampshire Pigs, Robert Har desty, first; Wm. Clevenger, sec ond.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G973", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, prizes in the Woman's Department", "excerpt": "Mrs. Fleeta McNamara—First premiums for canned vegetables, canned fruits, preserves and ta ble mat with linen center ... Miss Adah Levi—First prize for luncheon set, crocheted table mats, handsomest center piece, and best knitted article ... Mrs. T. M. Hooker—First prices [prizes] for best tatting and for miscellaneous class. Mrs- Will Moore—First prize for colored embroidered bureau scarf. Mrs. Frank Hart—First prizes for pickles, quart of vinegar, bot tle of catsup and home-made soap", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G974", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, prizes in the Woman's Department, continued", "excerpt": "Mrs. Harry Pearrell—First J prize for crocheted center piece ... Mrs. Howard I.ocke [Locke]— First prizes for French embroidered center piece and for colored em broidered center piece Mrs. Lora Stimson—First prizes for bureau scarf and for handkerchief ... Mrs. M. W. Jones-First prize for home made rugs", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G975", "source_id": "S328", "locator": "Page 3, prizes in the Woman's Department, concluded", "excerpt": "Mrs. R. H: McAtee—First prize for silk quilt, for quilt square and for yard of crocheted lace ... Mrs. John Shewbridge—First pri>e for best salt rising bread.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G976", "source_id": "S384", "locator": "Page 1, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. Herman Bell, son of Mr. Min nie Bell, who graduates at John Hopkins University in Baltimore next month, will return to Berryville for a visit to his people before tak ing up his new duties as a professor Hampton Sidney College.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G977", "source_id": "S296", "locator": "Page 3, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. Herman Bell, of Berryville, who is teaching French at Hampden Sydney. gave a talk before the re cent meeting of the State Teachers’ Association at Richmond.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G978", "source_id": "S416", "locator": "Page 1, court item", "excerpt": "Krnest [Ernest] Falbush, who was recently I indicted by the grand jury on charges I ol violating the prohibition laws, 'plead guilty before Judge Whiting, of the Clarke Circuit Court, vester. day, and was lined $50 and given 30 days in jail. The jail sentence was suspended until November 1", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G979", "source_id": "S353", "locator": "Page 4, local items", "excerpt": "Russell Coffman, the nine year old snn [son] of Mr. George Coffman, who lives in he old Osborne property \"on the Shenandoah elver, broke his arm while at play at the Riverside School Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G980", "source_id": "S406", "locator": "Page 3, Minnie Wood letter", "excerpt": "Little Billy Gaunt, son of Mr. at.d Wrs. Wilbur Gaunt, was very badly scalded Tuesday morning when he fell back into a bucket of hot water.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G981", "source_id": "S362", "locator": "Page 4, report of the Clarke Circuit Court", "excerpt": "A special grand jury, having been summoned, returned indictments against Gran | ville Kirby and Lester D. Ritter for violating the prohibition, act in mak ing liquor. The two men were fined ISO and the jail sentence of 30 days suspended. Brookus Lee was indicted on a charge off breaking into the store of Spates and Feagans’ at Briggs and taking therefrom |40 in money and a pistol.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G982", "source_id": "S326", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Justice Longerbeam Given Two Years\"", "excerpt": "Justice Longerbeam, of the Boyce neighborhood, was found guilty of a charge of, seduction by a jury in the Garke Circuit Court last Thursday and given two years in the penitentiary. His counsel filed a motion for a new trial, which is now being considered by Judge Whiting.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G983", "source_id": "S345", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Hurt in a Runaway Accident\"", "excerpt": "Sarah Phillips, wife of Walker Phillips f.rd daughter of Edward Jcnk:us [Jenkins], was seriously injured about the head when thrown f rom a t buggy Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G984", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Blinded at Auto Lights, Autoist Ran Over Woman\"", "excerpt": "MIm Fannie Kennerly, «f White Poet, Hae Narrow Escape ... White Post, April 17—Miss Fannie Kennedy, a prominent woman of Oarke, had a miracu lous escape Sunday night when kn automobile, driven by Mr. 'Walker Grubbs, knocked her' down and ran over her. Her 'shoulder was badly injured", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G985", "source_id": "S371", "locator": "Page 4, report of the White Post automobile accident, continued", "excerpt": "Mr. Grubbs. Miss Kennedy and others left Meade Memorial Qjurch, and the flatter got *nto his car to drive away. As he started his auto, ; the blinding lights of another (car were turned on, blinding M^. I Grubbs so completely that he ! could not see ahead of him.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G986", "source_id": "S346", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Mrs. William Owens Hurt in Fall\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. William A. Owens, moth er of Mr. Claud Owens, was badly [injured yesterday when she fell [while in the yard. Her hip was injured and Dr. J. E. Harris fears it has been fractured.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G987", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Frank M. Galloway on Way Home from South America\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Frank M. Galloway, of La Plat\" Argentina, who is Mechanical Engin eering Superintendent of Armor's big packing plant in South America, left South America April 16 and is now on his way home for a visit to his father, Mr. Frank Galloway, of Clarke county, and his company's headquarters in Chicago. \"Frank\" has made good in South America. His salary is over $7,000 a year", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G988", "source_id": "S290", "locator": "Page 4, personal items", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs Arthur Wright of f *vest [West] main street, are receiving the t congratulations of their many friend J a [on] the arrival of a daughter, who r ..me [came] on Sunday May 6th.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G989", "source_id": "S291", "locator": "Page 1, item \"Baby Girl at Home of Mr. and Mrs. Green\"", "excerpt": "Congratulations are being ex tended to Mr. and Mrs. George Reynolds Green, of White Post, upon the arrival of a baby girl. The youngster arrived Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G990", "source_id": "S297", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Birth at Alexandria\"", "excerpt": "Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Marlowe, of Alexandria, have announced the birth of a son, Charles William, on Decem ber 10. Mr’s. Marlowe is the daugh ter of Mr. and Mrs. William Levi, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G991", "source_id": "S417", "locator": "Page 3, item on the Walnut Street gang's early Hallowe'en", "excerpt": "Hunning [Running] about were cltildren [children] of Harry Lee Boswell, Bob Creel, Ned Carter Ban Fletcher, Doug Carter and others", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G992", "source_id": "S418", "locator": "Page 16, household column by Martha W. Levi", "excerpt": "Hy [By] MARTHA ... LEVI", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G993", "source_id": "S418", "locator": "Page 16, household column by Martha W. Levi, on the Hallowe'en parade", "excerpt": "the whole town turned out to watch the annual Hallowe’en parade pass up Main Street ... we could always spot Mr. and Mrs. Mason Osborne, although they were so well gotten up.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G994", "source_id": "S433", "locator": "Section 8, statement of significance", "excerpt": "Built around 1882, Josephine City School was used as an elementary school until 1930, when it was moved a short distance from its original location", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G995", "source_id": "S434", "locator": "Section 7, summary description of contributing resources", "excerpt": "the 1930 former Clarke County Training School (168-5029-0048), later known as Johnson-Williams High School and now used as low-income elderly housing", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G996", "source_id": "S434", "locator": "Section 8, statement of significance", "excerpt": "the previously all-black Johnson-Williams High School, located at the southeastern edge of the district, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G997", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 7, narrative description", "excerpt": "It is a relatively unaltered frame schoolhouse constructed around 1910 to serve the local African-American community.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G998", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 8, statement of significance", "excerpt": "The current Millwood Colored School building was built adjacent to and in front of an earlier Reconstruction-era school, which was demolished in the 1930s.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G999", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 8, statement of significance", "excerpt": "By 1869, Millwood had a school, one that had been established by a member of the village's black community.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1000", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 8, quoting the Greenway Magisterial District School Board minutes of 1909", "excerpt": "he offered $1,500 for the construction of a \"new Negro School Building at White Post\" provided that the School Board would pay the salary of the a teacher who would \"teach manual training such as bricklaying, carpentry etc.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1001", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 8, quoting a Freedmen's Bureau report of April 1868", "excerpt": "Ripley reported that as of April 30th, 1868, schools in the district were still open, the only change being one in Berryville where \"Mr. Keys has been relieved by Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson (col'd) who is a very good teacher & will build up a good school. \"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1002", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "Section 8, on the 1949 school bond proposal", "excerpt": "By March 1949, the School Board sought to issue bonds for $180,000 that would complete a new elementary school in Berryville, and cover the cost of additions to the Boyce High School and the W.B.T. Williams Training School in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1003", "source_id": "S436", "locator": "Section 8, statement of significance", "excerpt": "As a testament to the growing African-American population in the immediate area, the Boyce Colored School was constructed in 1885. Located at 35 S. Greenway Avenue (172-0001-0033), this one-story, gable-end frame building is currently vacant yet still retains much of its architectural", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1004", "source_id": "S437", "locator": "Appendix, Rosenwald Schools and Related Structures in Virginia, Sorted by Date of Construction, 1930-31", "excerpt": "1930-31 Charlotte County Keysville School City of Suffolk (formerly Hutersville School Clarke County Berryville School Culpepper County Thompson School", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1005", "source_id": "S438", "locator": "Clarke & Warren Counties tour, site 21, White Post", "excerpt": "There were also two African American schools: one school was located just south of Mount Olive Baptist Church. Originally constructed c.1903 as a school for White children, it became an African American elementary school by the early 1940s.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1006", "source_id": "S438", "locator": "Clarke & Warren Counties tour, site 21, White Post", "excerpt": "The second school, located on the south end of the village, was built c. 1909 by Mr. Graham Blandy of the Tyleyries.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1007", "source_id": "S438", "locator": "Clarke & Warren Counties tour, site 21, White Post", "excerpt": "The building was abandoned as a school in 1941 and later sold as surplus in 1952, and is now a private residence.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1008", "source_id": "S439", "locator": "Sugar Hill site page, paragraph on the community's name", "excerpt": "the name was used in a deed from the Trustees of Boyce School District to the County School Board in 1922 that mentioned the “Sugar Hill School.” It is unclear where that school was located within the community as later newspaper accounts mentioned a Stone Bridge Colored School (1937).", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1009", "source_id": "S442", "locator": "Page 1, masthead of the reprinted letter", "excerpt": "[From the Leesburg Mirror.] \"TRAMP\" IN CLARKE COUNTY. BERRYVILLE AND ITS OUTLOOK. DEAR MIRROR: Little Berryville, formerly known to the world as Battletown…", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1010", "source_id": "S442", "locator": "Page 1, the spring passage", "excerpt": "There is a spring near the town known as Battlespring. In the old colonial times the men of that neighborhood met at the spring on Saturday evenings to talk, and drink, and trade and fight, and they indulged so much in this latter amusement that the spring was named Battle Spring. In these fisticuffs Daniel Morgan was particularly prominent, and was always victorious.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1011", "source_id": "S442", "locator": "Page 1, the naming sentence", "excerpt": "From this Battlespring the name of Battletown was given to the neighboring village, and don't you think that it ought to have kept that name? The rough and tumble, but comparatively harmless, battles around that old spring served to toughen the sinews of Morgan and the riflemen who followed him…", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1012", "source_id": "S442", "locator": "Page 1, the sign-off at the foot of the letter", "excerpt": "\"TRAMP.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1013", "source_id": "S443", "locator": "Printed pp. 35-36, the Saturday gatherings", "excerpt": "It was the custom at this time for all the athletic young men who resided in the country, between Winchester and the Shenandoah river, to assemble every Saturday afternoon, at a tavern, about midway between the river and the town, kept by a man named Benjamin Berry. Here they boxed, wrestled, and practised other athletic exercises during the daylight, while drinking and gaming generally occupied the night.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1014", "source_id": "S443", "locator": "Printed p. 37, the deathbed exchange", "excerpt": "\"General, what is the matter with this toe of yours?\" I inquired. \"I got that many years ago,\" he replied, \"in a fight I had with Bill Davis, and in kicking him, at Battletown. I broke that toe, then, and I never could get it to lie in its right place since.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1015", "source_id": "S443", "locator": "Printed pp. 37-38, on which name was actually used", "excerpt": "It is, nevertheless, called Battletown by everybody in that part of the country, excepting the inhabitants of the village themselves.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1016", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 3, Background: the estate", "excerpt": "Earlier in the 18th century the area was the site of an 800-acre estate of the same name owned by Charles Smith. The Battletown estate's main residence, known today as the Nook, was built between 1755 and 1765 and still survives at 106 E. Main Street.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1017", "source_id": "S108", "locator": "PDF page 3, Background: the division of the estate", "excerpt": "When Charles Smith died, he left the parcel to his wife, and eventually it was divided among their four children, Charles, John, Elizabeth Morton, and Sarah Easten. John sold a portion of his land to Benjamin Berry, the town of Berryville's founder.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1018", "source_id": "S444", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"HOMICIDE\", opening", "excerpt": "HOMICIDE—About 11 o'clock last Wednesday night Alec Cary, (colored) was killed on the Millwood and Berryville Turnpike by Pinkey Blakely (colored). The circumstances, as elicited at the inquest, were substantially as follows: Alec, and Pinkey, in company with another negro man and a girl, were walking together, when an altercation sprung up between the two resulting in a scuffle, in which Alec, the deceased, got somewhat the better of Pinkey,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1019", "source_id": "S444", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"HOMICIDE\", close", "excerpt": "whereupon Pinkey drew a knife and cut Alec on the arm, and then stabbed him in the chest. The wound proved fatal in a few moments. Pinkey escaped. The difficulty is thought to have been connected with the girl.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1020", "source_id": "S445", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"Human Relics Exhumed\", opening", "excerpt": "On Monday, while workmen were engaged in digging the foundation for the building about to be erected by the Bank of Clarke County, they came upon the bones of some four or five human bodies, found within two or three feet of the surface, and bearing evidence of having been buried there a number of years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1021", "source_id": "S445", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"Human Relics Exhumed\", middle", "excerpt": "As no one living here possessed any knowledge of this spot having been used as a burying ground, it was at first thought that these relics belonged to the bodies of some Indians deposited there when the Valley was occupied by that almost extinct race, but this theory is contradicted by the fact that some nails were found at the same places, showing that the bodies had been placed in coffins before burial", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1022", "source_id": "S445", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"Human Relics Exhumed\", close", "excerpt": "It is probable that they are relics of some of the soldiers of the Revolution, as no one knows when they were placed there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1023", "source_id": "S446", "locator": "Page 3, local items, the new bank", "excerpt": "We are informed that the institution will be kn w i [known] as the Bank of Clarke County, and that it will be opened for business about the first of next April.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1024", "source_id": "S447", "locator": "Page 3, local items, the directors", "excerpt": "It was also decided to erect a Dank [bank] build ing, with the modern conveniences, and a committee was appointed to contract for tbs [the] same.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1025", "source_id": "S448", "locator": "Page 3, item headed \"Building Enterprise\"", "excerpt": "The building for the Bank of Clarke County will bo [be] begun as soon as the brick can te [be] obtained.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1026", "source_id": "S449", "locator": "Page 3, local items, the bank building", "excerpt": "The Bank of Clarke County building is now under roof. It is quite a large struc ture, and when finished will no doubt be an ornament to our town.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1027", "source_id": "S450", "locator": "Page 3, local items, the bank building", "excerpt": "Tho [The] building erected by the Bank of Clarke County is nearly completed, and in the next thirty days that institution will bo [be] prepared to receive deposits and do other business.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1028", "source_id": "S451", "locator": "Flipbook page 18, paragraph on the foundation dig", "excerpt": "It was eventually determined that the bodies were probably relics of possible soldiers of the Revolutionary War period.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1029", "source_id": "S451", "locator": "Flipbook page 18, sentence following the foundation dig", "excerpt": "There was no reference as to the relocation of the remains.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1030", "source_id": "S451", "locator": "Flipbook page 18, opening of the foundation dig paragraph", "excerpt": "On Monday, May 24, 1881, while workmen were engaged in digging the foundation for the building, they came upon the bones of four or five human bodies, found within two or three feet of the surface and bearing evidence of having been buried there for a number of years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1031", "source_id": "S452", "locator": "paragraph on the foundation dig", "excerpt": "It was later learned that the bones were probably remains of Revolutionary War soldiers, but nothing further is known as to what happened to the bones.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1032", "source_id": "S453", "locator": "Page 5859, House petitions, O'Ferrall entry", "excerpt": "By Mr. O'FERRALL: Petition of Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County, Virginia, for reference of her claim to the Court of Claims—to the Committee on War Claims.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1033", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Page 1, statement of case", "excerpt": "The claim in the above-entitled case for supplies or stores alleged to have been taken by or furnished to the military forces of the United States for their use during the late war for the suppression of the rebellion was transmitted to the court by the Committee on War Claims of the House of Representatives on the 10th day of July, 1888.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1034", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Pages 1-2, loyalty finding", "excerpt": "finds that Mary F. Lewis, the person alleged to have furnished such supplies or stores, or from whom the same are alleged to have been taken, was loyal to the Government of the United States throughout said war. ... Filed November 24, 1890.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1035", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Page 2, allegations of the petition", "excerpt": "That she is a citizen of the United States, residing near Boyce, Clarke County, State of Virginia, where she resided during the late war of the rebellion; that at different times during said period the United States forces, by proper authority, took from your petitioner quartermaster stores and commissary supplies of the value of $1,925", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1036", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Page 2, itemized schedule, 1864", "excerpt": "Aug. 11. One saddle and harness horse ... One strong work horse ... Aug. 14. Fourteen hogs ... Nov. 15. Fifteen sheep ... Seven hundred and twenty bushels corn ... Aug. 10, 11. Fifty bushels wheat ... Eighty-five turkeys ... Seventy-five chickens and other fowls ... Dec. 10. Three barrels family flour ... Thirty-five bushels corn ... 1,925.00", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1037", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Page 2, after the schedule", "excerpt": "All of the above property was taken by and for the use of the United States armies, commanded by Gen. P. H. Sheridan, from claimant's farm, in Clarke County, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1038", "source_id": "S454", "locator": "Page 2, findings of fact", "excerpt": "There was taken from the claimant's farm in Clark County, Va., in 1864, stores and supplies, as above set forth, for the use of the Army, the reasonable value of which was $1,002. ... Filed December 7, 1891.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1039", "source_id": "S455", "locator": "Page 1161, enacting clause", "excerpt": "That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to claimants in this Act named the several sums appropriated herein, the same being in full for, and the receipt of the same to be taken and accepted in each case as a full and final release and discharge of their respective claims", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1040", "source_id": "S455", "locator": "Page 1185, Virginia list", "excerpt": "To Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County, one thousand and two dollars.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1041", "source_id": "S455", "locator": "Pages 1213-1214, closing provisions", "excerpt": "In case of the death of any claimant, or death or discharge of any executor or administrator of any claimant herein named, then payment of such claim as herein provided shall be made to the legal representatives", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1042", "source_id": "S456", "locator": "Page 4, \"The Civil War\"", "excerpt": "Mary Frances hid her nephews beneath the floor in the log part of the house here. She stood on a rug at the doorway as the soldiers searched the house as her nephews hid below.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1043", "source_id": "S456", "locator": "Page 4, family history and \"The Civil War\"", "excerpt": "Their daughter Mary Frances Bell married Thomas D. Lewis, and Locust Grove came into the Lewis family. ... My great-great grandmother, Mary Frances (Bell) Lewis, Thomas having died in 1862, had regular encounters with Union soldiers.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1044", "source_id": "S456", "locator": "Page 4, \"The Civil War\"", "excerpt": "In August, November, and December, ... supplies, grain, and livestock were taken. Two horses were taken. Seven hundred fifty-five bushels of corn, 50 bushels of wheat, and three barrels of flour were taken. Fourteen hogs, 15 sheep, 85 turkeys, and 75 chickens were confiscated.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1045", "source_id": "S456", "locator": "Page 4, \"The Civil War\", closing paragraph", "excerpt": "Mary Frances filed a petition on September 20, 1888, ... Her case was finally recognized and compensation of $1,925.00 was paid. It is with that money that Mary Frances built an addition to the log portion of the house. The addition consisted of a staircase and two bedrooms.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1046", "source_id": "S457", "locator": "Section 7, page 9", "excerpt": "The J.B Lindsay House at New Market Farm (021-0043, 021-5025-1026) and Locust Grove (021-194; 021-5025-0020) also date from this era and combine stone and log construction.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1047", "source_id": "S457", "locator": "Section 7, pages 58-59, inventory", "excerpt": "537 Old Winchester Road 021-0194 Other DHR Id #: 021-5025-0020 Primary Resource Information: Single Dwelling, Stories 2.00, Style: Vernacular, 1810 ... Individual Resource Status: Single Dwelling Contributing", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1048", "source_id": "S458", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, the Little killing", "excerpt": "A general fight ensued, in which the mother received a wound in the thigh from a pistol ball, which shooting, it seems, was unintentional, she having endeavored to shield Clinton from the assault, and in doing so got between him and Lycurgus' pistol.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1049", "source_id": "S458", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, the pursuit", "excerpt": "The other brothers, Columbus and Gilbert, followed in pursuit, and when the fugitives had gotten about a hundred yards from the house, Gilbert, who in the meantime had seized a rifle, aimed and fired, hitting Oscar in the leg, who thereupon abandoned all efforts to escape, and Lycurgus, not wishing to desert his brother, also surrendered.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1050", "source_id": "S458", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, the inquest", "excerpt": "In regard to the causes that led to this sad tragedy but little is known, as the family at the coroner's inquest over the dead body of Clinton, was careful to divulge only that which was the immediate cause of his death.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1051", "source_id": "S458", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, confinement", "excerpt": "Oscar and Lycurgus are now confined in the county jail, awaiting trial.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1052", "source_id": "S459", "locator": "Page 3, the Richmond Enquirer on Berryville", "excerpt": "Berryville, the county seat of Clarke county, is brought into prominence at this time from being the place of confinement of the Little brothers, charged with fratricide.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1053", "source_id": "S460", "locator": "Page 3, the verdict on Lycurgus Little", "excerpt": "the jury bringing in a verdict of guilty of murder in the second degree, and fixing his punishment by imprisonment in the penitentiary for fourteen years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1054", "source_id": "S461", "locator": "Page 3, the verdict on Oscar Little", "excerpt": "the jury bringing in a verdict, after an hour's absence, of guilty, and fixing his term of imprisonment in the penitentiary at seven years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1055", "source_id": "S462", "locator": "Page 3, a new trial granted", "excerpt": "the Court of Appeals has reversed the decisions of the court below in the case of the Commonwealth vs. Lycurgus Little", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1056", "source_id": "S463", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, Gilbert Little's testimony", "excerpt": "he accounted for the difference in his statements by saying that the first was made under the influence of an opiate, and that he was not in his right mind when he testified before acting coroner Wharton.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1057", "source_id": "S463", "locator": "Page 3, column 1, the ruling on the inquest statement", "excerpt": "Judge Turner decided that it might be used to impeach his testimony in court, but not for or against the prisoner.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1058", "source_id": "S464", "locator": "Page 3, column 2, the second verdict", "excerpt": "the jury returning a verdict of guilty of murder in the second degree, and fixing the term of the prisoner, Lycurgus Little, in the penitentiary at five years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1059", "source_id": "S465", "locator": "Page 3, column 2, pardons refused", "excerpt": "The Governor refused to grant their pardon, after referring the matter to Judge Turner, who wrote as follows on the application", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1060", "source_id": "S466", "locator": "Page 1, the Baltimore Sun special from Winchester", "excerpt": "Oscar, addressing himself to Clinton, said that they had nothing against him and did not want him to interfere in what they were about to do.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1061", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the stranger stops", "excerpt": "Pardon me, your face has a familiar look to me, yet I cannot place you.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1062", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the old man answers", "excerpt": "Oh, no. I know you are not mistaken. I know you like a book. You used to board with me.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1063", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the charge", "excerpt": "you left without paying your board, and you left in the night.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1064", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the baggage", "excerpt": "You did all these things and left your baggage behind you.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1065", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the demand", "excerpt": "See here, old man, who in —— are you any way, and where are you from?", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1066", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the naming", "excerpt": "I am, sir, Captain Jack Warner, and you are Quartermaster Murphy, and you escaped from the prison at Libby while I was commissary of that institution.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1067", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the recognition", "excerpt": "Are you, indeed, the old commissary? Well, you are right. I did board with you; and I gave you the slip, too.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1068", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the doctors’ liberty", "excerpt": "Prisoners who were practitioners of medicine were allowed to attend the sick in the prison hospital, with the freedom of the grounds, to go and come at will.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1069", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the reprimand", "excerpt": "a green sentry would not let them pass and was sharply reprimanded by Captain Gibbs, who told him that men wearing red ribbons on their coat lapel should pass unmolested.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1070", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the red flannel", "excerpt": "He had some red flannel in the inside of his vest; he tore off a strip, pinned it to his coat, watched his opportunity, got past the guard, and reached the Union lines in safety.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1071", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", the closing line", "excerpt": "The meeting described herein is the first since those days when, as captor and captive, they dwelt within the walls of the famous southern prison.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1072", "source_id": "S467", "locator": "Page 1, column 4, \"An Old Acquaintance\", and the item following it, \"A Sensible Dog\"", "excerpt": "A Sensible Dog.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1073", "source_id": "S468", "locator": "Page 2, column 5, \"Arrival.\"", "excerpt": "Two prisoners of war reached this city yesterday afternoon by the Central train, and were consigned to the care of Capt. Gibbs, the energetic officer commanding at the military prisons.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1074", "source_id": "S469", "locator": "Page 2, column 3, \"The Government Prisons\"", "excerpt": "Captain Gibbs, who for some time past has had charge of the prison depots here, has been promoted to the rank of Major in the Provisional Army, and goes to Salisbury, N. C., this morning, to which place all the prisoners not sent away under flag of truce will be transferred. The prisons in Richmond will be kept as a receiving depot, and placed in charge of Lieut. Hairston, of the 19th Mississippi regiment.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1075", "source_id": "S470", "locator": "Page 25, the move to the Libby and Sons building", "excerpt": "Early in March, 1862, authorities in Richmond shifted prisoners from the tobacco warehouses of Rocketts to a large four-story building owned by Libby and Sons. … Lieutenant Thomas P. Turner assumed command of the prison.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1076", "source_id": "S471", "locator": "Page 4, column 2, \"The Commandant at Castle Thunder\"", "excerpt": "Captain Geo’ge W. Alexander, commandant at the famous “Castle Thunder” duiing the war", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1077", "source_id": "S472", "locator": "Page 2, column 4, news paragraphs", "excerpt": "Captain G. W. Alexander, who commanded at Castle Thunder, Richmond, Va., during the war, has been appointed business manager and general superintendent of the Memphis Appeal Company.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1078", "source_id": "S473", "locator": "Page 3, Local Items, item headed \"CIRCUIT COURT\"", "excerpt": "was adjourned on Satu[r]day, 23d, after a session of two weeks. A large amount of business was disposed of.— The Grand Jury found a true bill again[st] Pinkey (colored), for killing Elliott Cary (co[l]ored).", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1079", "source_id": "S473", "locator": "Page 3, Local Items, item headed \"NO ARREST\"", "excerpt": "NO ARREST.—Constable Fryer went a few days ago to Madison county, the former residence of the negro Pinkey, who killed Alec, (or Elliott) Cary, for the purpose of arresting Pinkey, a report having reached here that he was there; but it turned out to be a false report; the people of his old neighborhood had only heard a few days before Mr. Fryer's arrival, of the killing.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1080", "source_id": "S474", "locator": "Page 2, item headed \"Melancholy and Fatal Occurrence\", the account", "excerpt": "MELANCHOLY AND FATAL OCCURRENCE.—We regret to learn that, on the night of Sunday, the 3d, six negro men were drowned in the Shenandoah, near Parker's landing, in Clarke county. They had gone over, in the morning, to a groggery on the mountain; where,it is supposed, they became more or less intoxicated. Attempting to cross the river, on their return, in a small boat, they were all drowned.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1081", "source_id": "S474", "locator": "Page 2, same item, the list and the credit line", "excerpt": "Three of the men where hired by Mr. Alfred Castleman, from Dr. E. Hoard and Dr. Fisher of Fauquier. Of the others,two belonged respectively to Messrs. [J]ames W. and C. C. Larue, and the third to Miss Emily Bell.— Winchester Virgini[a]n.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1082", "source_id": "S475", "locator": "Page 1, notice of six drowned in the Shenandoah", "excerpt": "[S]IX NEGROES, who were drowned in Shenandoah [riv]er on the 3d inst., were subsequently recognized. [Th]ree of them belonged to Mr. James Larue, of [Cl]arke county, two to Mrs. Elvira Fisher, of Fau[qu]ier, and one to Dr. Enos Hood, of Fauquier.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1083", "source_id": "S476", "locator": "Page 2, notice headed \"Turnpike Notice.\"", "excerpt": "The Stockholders of the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike Road, will hold a meeting at John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood, at 12 o'clock, on MONDAY, THE 1st DAY OF OCTOBER, 1877, for the purpose of electing a President and Directors.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1084", "source_id": "S477", "locator": "Page 2, advertisement headed \"Phosphates! Phosphates!\", opening", "excerpt": "We are prepared to furnish the following brands of Phosphates, which have been tested by farmers in our immediate vicinity", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1085", "source_id": "S477", "locator": "Page 2, same advertisement, closing and signature", "excerpt": "As we expect to make the handling of Phosphates a special branch of our business, we will be obliged to farmers for a share of their patronage. J. W. SPRINT & SON, BOYCE, VA.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1086", "source_id": "S478", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of John W. Sprint, opening", "excerpt": "Mr. John W. Sprint, one of the highly esteemed citizens of Boyce, died at his home there on Tuesday morning", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1087", "source_id": "S478", "locator": "Page 1, same obituary, birth and early life", "excerpt": "Mr. Sprint was born in Winchester on June 26, 1829, and moved to Millwood with his parents when he was quite young, and spent most of his life there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1088", "source_id": "S478", "locator": "Page 1, same obituary, his wife", "excerpt": "Mr. Sprint's wife was Miss Emily Shearer, of Millwood, who died about five months ago.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1089", "source_id": "S478", "locator": "Page 1, same obituary, survivors", "excerpt": "He leaves one son, Mr. J. Trone Sprint, the well-known magistrate of Boyce, and six daughters", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1090", "source_id": "S269", "locator": "Page 159, register entry for the marriage of Thomas H. Sprint and Mamie Humston", "excerpt": "SPRINT, Thomas H.; s/o John W. & Emily SPRINT; 29y; sgl; merchant; b. & res. ClrkVA; m. 26 May 1886 at Berryville to HUMSTON, Mamie; d/o Benj. F. & Fannie HUMSTON; 23y; sgl; b. ShenVA; res. ClrkVA; (lic) 26 Mar 1886; p. 137", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1091", "source_id": "S495", "locator": "Page 8, obituary of Thomas Hatcher Sprint, his parents", "excerpt": "Born July 25, 1894 in Clarke county, he was the son of the former Miss Mamie Humston of Shenandoah county, and Thomas H. Sprint of Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1092", "source_id": "S495", "locator": "Page 8, same obituary, surviving brothers", "excerpt": "two brothers, J. Ashby Sprint of Winchester and Frank H. Sprint", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1093", "source_id": "S495", "locator": "Page 8, same obituary, surviving sister", "excerpt": "one sister, Mrs. Lucy Sprint Crim of Winchester.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1094", "source_id": "S479", "locator": "Page 333, the sixth clause of the will, the devise", "excerpt": "I give and devise to my daughter Mamie R. Sprint the farm in Clarke County Va known as the Bellview farm, and conveyed to me by Marshall McCormick, Trustee, adjoining the lands of Mrs Julia A. Anderson and others.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1095", "source_id": "S479", "locator": "Page 333, the sixth clause of the will, the life interest and remainder", "excerpt": "To have and to hold the same for and during the term of her natural life with the right in her to collect the rents, issues and profits thereof for and during her life, but at her death her interest in said farm under this devise shall cease and be at an end, and said farm or tract of land shall pass to and become vested in her children and the descendants of such of her said children as may at the time of her death be dead.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1096", "source_id": "S479", "locator": "Page 333, the execution line of the will", "excerpt": "30 day April 1902", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1097", "source_id": "S479", "locator": "Page 334, the clerk's entry of probate", "excerpt": "Clerks office of the Circuit Court Oct 17th 1904 The last Will and Testament of B. F. Humston dec'd. was this day produced in the clerks office of said Court", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1098", "source_id": "S479", "locator": "Page 334, the clerk's entry of probate, continued", "excerpt": "and thereupon said Will is admitted to record as the last Will and Testament of B. F. Humston dec'd.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1099", "source_id": "S480", "locator": "Page 338, the lines under \"Bellview Place\"", "excerpt": "Bellview Place Wheat 534 bu $1.12 $598.08 Hay 58.50 Clover seed 16 bu $6.00 96.00 Corn 100 bbls 1.90 190.00", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1100", "source_id": "S480", "locator": "Page 338, the date of the appraisal", "excerpt": "31st day of Oct 1904", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1101", "source_id": "S481", "locator": "Page 4, bankruptcy sale notice", "excerpt": "The undersigned by virtue of an order in the matter of Charles Whirley in Bankruptcy will sell at Public Auction on WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1927 at 11 o'clock A. M., at the farm of Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint, near Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia, a lot of live stock and farm implements, consisting in part of 13 Head of Horses and Colts; 1 Mule Colt; 56 Head of Hogs and Pigs; 2 Wagons; 2 Binders; a lot of harness and farm implements and farm equipment. 75 Barrels of Corn.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1102", "source_id": "S482", "locator": "Page 4, report of the acquisition, opening", "excerpt": "Mr. Ashby Sprint, of Winchester, and Mr. Harry C. Warden of Clarke County, have concluded negotiations for the acquisition of the property of Logan Shutt near Kabletown, Jefferson County, W. Va., and are taking possession at once.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1103", "source_id": "S482", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the property", "excerpt": "They acquire 600 acres, about 250 of which is in apple orchard. There is a large packing house on the farm", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1104", "source_id": "S482", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the packing house", "excerpt": "The packing house has often turned out 1,000 barrels of packed apples a day it was said.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1105", "source_id": "S483", "locator": "Page 2, item on the dissolution of the partnership", "excerpt": "The partnership of Sprint and Petely apple exporters, formed in 1925 by Ashby Sprint and George Peteley, has been formally dissolved", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1106", "source_id": "S483", "locator": "Page 2, same item, the office", "excerpt": "Mr. Sprint will retain the office formerly occupied by the firm.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1107", "source_id": "S484", "locator": "Page 5, reprinted report of the first export car", "excerpt": "The first car of summer apples shipped from this section for export left Winchester today. The shipment consisted of Early Transparents, and was handled by J. Ashby Sprint, Winchester apple exporter. The apples are consigned to Connolly Shaw, Ltd., of Liverpool.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1108", "source_id": "S484", "locator": "Page 5, same item, credit line", "excerpt": "—Winchester Star.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1109", "source_id": "S485", "locator": "Page 4, report on the company, its name", "excerpt": "The Berkeley Springs Ice and Cold Storage Company, formerly the Morgan County Cold Storage Company, located at Berkeley Springs, W. Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1110", "source_id": "S485", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the officers", "excerpt": "Messrs. H. C Warden, Berryville: J Ashby Sprint, Winchester, and J F Wilson, Martinsburg. Mr. Warden is president, Mr. Sprint, vice-president, and Mr. Wilson, secretary and treasurer of the company", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1111", "source_id": "S485", "locator": "Page 4, same report, capacity", "excerpt": "It has a capacity of 65,000 barrels", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1112", "source_id": "S486", "locator": "Page 1, harvest report, the packing plants at White Post and Boyce", "excerpt": "In addition to these three larger plants, Petley and Cather, of Winchester operated a packing plant at White Post. The Sprint packing house at Boyce packed a large run from that neighborhood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1113", "source_id": "S487", "locator": "Page 3, reprinted report, dateline and petition", "excerpt": "Charles Town, W. Va., Dec. 24.—A petition voluntarily asking the appointment of a receiver for the Blue Ridge Orchards, Incorporated, operating extensive orchard contracts in Jefferson county, was allowed by Judge D. H. Rodgers, in a special session of circuit court here this morning.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1114", "source_id": "S487", "locator": "Page 3, same report, the stockholders and liabilities", "excerpt": "Four stockholders asked the receivership. They were Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. Warden, Berryville, Va., and Mr. and Mrs. Ashby Sprint, Winchester. Liabilities were listed as $85,000", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1115", "source_id": "S487", "locator": "Page 3, same report, the Kabletown tract", "excerpt": "a 579-acre tract in Kabletown district of which 285 acres is in orchard", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1116", "source_id": "S487", "locator": "Page 3, same report, the 1928 acquisition", "excerpt": "it was taken over by the Warden and Sprint group in 1928.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1117", "source_id": "S487", "locator": "Page 3, same report, credit line", "excerpt": "—Winchester Star.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1118", "source_id": "S488", "locator": "Page 1, harvest report, the packing houses", "excerpt": "In addition to these three large plants, Petley and Cather operated a large packing house at White Post, and the Sprint packing house packed a large quantity from that neighborhood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1119", "source_id": "S489", "locator": "Page 4, trustees' notice, heading", "excerpt": "APPLE PACKING HOUSE FOR SALE SATURDAY, SEPT. 30, 1933", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1120", "source_id": "S489", "locator": "Page 4, same notice, the trust deed and the building", "excerpt": "Under authority of a trust deed dated May 2, 1931, of record in the Clarke County Clerk's Office, the undersigned will sell at public auction in front of the County Court House at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia, for cash, that certain apple packing house one hundred and ten feet by fifty feet", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1121", "source_id": "S489", "locator": "Page 4, same notice, the site and the lease", "excerpt": "situate on the Norfolk and Western Railway's property at White Post Station, Clarke County, Virginia. Said building is located on twenty-two one hundredths acres of land owned by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company and leased to J. Ashby Sprint.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1122", "source_id": "S490", "locator": "Page 3, delinquent land list, Greenway District", "excerpt": "Sprint, Mamie, Bellview, 300 acres .... $98.75", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1123", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, commissioners' advertisement, the decree", "excerpt": "by virtue of a decree entered on the 15th day of July, 1936, in the chancery cause of Lucy Sprint Crim vs. J. Ashby Sprint et als", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1124", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, same advertisement, the court and the place of sale", "excerpt": "which cause is pending in the Circuit Court of Frederick County, Va., will offer for sale at public auction in front of the County Court House at Berryville, Va., on", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1125", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, same advertisement, the sale date", "excerpt": "Friday, Oct. 23rd, 1936", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1126", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, same advertisement, the acreage", "excerpt": "three hundred and six (306) acres, more or less", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1127", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, same advertisement, the location and improvements", "excerpt": "about one-half mile West of Boyce, improved by a dwelling house, tenant house, large bank barn and other out buildings, about twenty-five (25) acres of said land is in bearing orchard", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1128", "source_id": "S491", "locator": "Page 8, same advertisement, the recital of the will", "excerpt": "devised to Mamie R. Sprint for life with remainder to her children.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1129", "source_id": "S492", "locator": "Page 1, report of the rejected bid", "excerpt": "The 300-acre tract of land, said to be one of the finest farms in the county, was offered for sale last Tuesday, but was continued because the bid of $9,500 was too low.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1130", "source_id": "S492", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the second offering", "excerpt": "The sale of the Sprint Farm in Greenway District has been continued until Monday, December 14 at which time it will be offered a second time in front of the Court House in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1131", "source_id": "S493", "locator": "Page 7, administrators' sale notice, opening", "excerpt": "As administrator for the estate of the late Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint, we will offer for sale on the Sprint farm one mile west of Boyce on the Winchester Pike", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1132", "source_id": "S493", "locator": "Page 7, same notice, the stock", "excerpt": "FOUR COWS AND HEIFERS Close springers, be fresh in early spring. 75 SHEEP 75 Some with lambs.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1133", "source_id": "S493", "locator": "Page 7, same notice, corn and furniture", "excerpt": "About 50 barrels of corn, some furniture.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1134", "source_id": "S493", "locator": "Page 7, same notice, signature", "excerpt": "J. ASHBY SPRINT AND THOMAS H. SPRINT, Admr's Mamie R. Sprint Estate.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1135", "source_id": "S494", "locator": "Page 5, public sale notice, opening", "excerpt": "Discontinuing Farming on The Sprint Farm 1 mile West of Boyce, Va. South of Route 50, I will sell at Public Auction beginning at 10 A. M. on Mon., Feb. 27, 1939 The following personal property", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1136", "source_id": "S494", "locator": "Page 5, same notice, signature", "excerpt": "JAS. C. ROYSTON", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1137", "source_id": "S496", "locator": "Page 1, report on the apple harvest, the packing plants at Berryville and the railway sidings", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1138", "source_id": "S488", "locator": "Page 1, harvest report, the season's pack at the three plants and the packing at White Post", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1139", "source_id": "S497", "locator": "Page 4, report on the 1933 apple crop, the orchards, the losses and the pickers and packers", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1140", "source_id": "S498", "locator": "Page 1, report on local employment, headline and opening paragraph", "excerpt": "LOCAL LABORERS FIND PROSPERITY", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1141", "source_id": "S499", "locator": "Page 1, report on the town water supply in the drought", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1142", "source_id": "S500", "locator": "Page 1, Ralph N. Dorsey's letter of December 30, 1930 to the Secretary of Agriculture", "excerpt": "there are fifty-six per cent of the farms tenanted", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1143", "source_id": "S500", "locator": "Page 1, C. W. Warburton's reply of January 2, 1931", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1144", "source_id": "S501", "locator": "Page 4, report of the supervisors' meeting on a proposed industrial school at Josephine City", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1145", "source_id": "S502", "locator": "Page 8, teacher roll for the 1932-33 session, continued from page 1, the schools for Black children", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1146", "source_id": "S503", "locator": "Page 1, teacher list for the 1933-34 session, the schools for Black children", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1147", "source_id": "S504", "locator": "Page 1, list of teacher appointments, the line for the colored schools", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1148", "source_id": "S505", "locator": "Page 5, report on the Training School and the league's meeting", "excerpt": "as soon as apple picking and corn cutting are over", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1149", "source_id": "S506", "locator": "Page 3, acknowledgement sent in by the teacher of the Stone Bridge School", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1150", "source_id": "S507", "locator": "Page 1, report of teacher appointments for the session opening September 13, the line for the colored schools", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1151", "source_id": "S507", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the superintendent's statements and the office hours for textbook sales, with the continuation lower on the page", "excerpt": "except in cases of seasonal work", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1152", "source_id": "S508", "locator": "Page 1, report of the A. & P. lease of the Berryville Cash Store building", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1153", "source_id": "S509", "locator": "Page 1, announcement of the A. & P. store's preview and opening", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1154", "source_id": "S510", "locator": "Page 1, report of Roy E. Potts's appointment as postmaster, his lease and his management of the store", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1155", "source_id": "S511", "locator": "Page 1, headline on the attendance at the first showing of the centennial pageant", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1156", "source_id": "S511", "locator": "Page 1, report of the centennial's opening on July 8, the coronation and the pageant's first scenes", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1157", "source_id": "S511", "locator": "Page 1, the same report's deck, on the crowning, the crowd and the tributes to Robert E. Lee", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1158", "source_id": "S512", "locator": "Page 4, report of the celebration's gross receipts and stock subscriptions", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1159", "source_id": "S513", "locator": "Page 1, the later annotated copy: owner block", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1160", "source_id": "S513", "locator": "Page 2, the copy received in June 1973 (NPS stamp): owner block", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1161", "source_id": "S513", "locator": "Page 3, description: the house, the 1930 remodelling, dependencies, outbuildings and the 1948 garden", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1162", "source_id": "S513", "locator": "Page 4, statement of significance: construction, the 1814 lot, the portico and the owner sequence", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1163", "source_id": "S513", "locator": "Page 7, the gristmill", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1164", "source_id": "S514", "locator": "Page 1, “Burwell Sells ‘Carter Hall’”", "excerpt": "was sold last week by Mr. J. Townsend Burwell to Mr. Gerard B. Lambert of Princeton, New Jersey … It is understood that around $250,000 was the purchase price … Mr. Lambert will get legal possession of the property December 10 … Mr. Townsend Burwell purchased it about twenty years ago from Mr. Eben Richards, who three years previously had bought it from Mr. Thomas Burwell. … The slave quarters are still standing in the yard, not far from the mansion itself. … Carter Hall was built in 1790", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1165", "source_id": "S515", "locator": "Page 4, Millwood column", "excerpt": "Mr. Townsend Burwell, who recently sold ‘Carter Hall’ to Mr. Gerard Lambert, will move in January, the Lamberts taking possession then.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1166", "source_id": "S516", "locator": "Page 5, “Real Estate Transfers Recently Recorded”", "excerpt": "Among the transfers of real estate recently recorded at the Clerk’s office of Clarke County are the following: … J. T. Burwell and wife to Gerard B. Lambert, ‘Carter Hall’ estate", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1167", "source_id": "S516", "locator": "Page 5, Millwood column (block number not recorded in the accepted receipt)", "excerpt": "quite a lot of mahogany furniture … Monday, January 13, when Mr. J. Townsend Burwell will have his sale.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1168", "source_id": "S517", "locator": "Appendix 1, pp. 217–218, clauses 2 and 3 of the transcribed will", "excerpt": "Ben & his wife Nancy", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1169", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Book page 86 (printed page 80), right column: [B:462], power of attorney of 12 March 1814", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1170", "source_id": "S518", "locator": "Article of November 29, 2018: the sale announcement, headquarters figures and staff count", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G1171", "source_id": "S519", "locator": "Article of October 3, 2021: the reported consolidation", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G1172", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, report of the new Berryville Basket Co., headline, subhead and opening", "excerpt": "Berryville Basket Co. To Make 3600 Fruit Containers A Day ... H. C. Warden Heads New Enterprise, and P. J. Keymel is Manager—Company Has Maximum Capital of $25,000—It Will Supply Containers for Fruit Trade of This Section of Virginia and West Virginia. ... The Berryville Basket Co., Inc., which was recently chartered by the State Corporation Commission for the manufacture of all kinds of fruit containers, will have a maximum capacity of 3600 baskets and wooden containers when the plant is fully completed and running in full blast", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1173", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the site and the buildings", "excerpt": "They will be erected upon an acre and half lot below the ice plant alongside the Norfolk & Western Railroad. There will be three buildings at the present time. One will be 30x120, which will be the main structure. Another will be 30x60, and the third building will be the drier. Still another building, to be 30x120 feet, will be erected later", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1174", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the officers and directors", "excerpt": "Mr. Harry C. Warden, a director of the Bank of Clarke County and President of the Hyde County Land and Lumber Co.; Mr. E. G. Coiner, proprietor of Coiner's Department Store, is treasurer, and Capt. H. H. Burks, local agent of the N. & W., is secretary. These men, with Messrs. P. J. Keymel, S. S. Thomas and C. H. Phillips, will constitute the Board of Directors. Mr. Keymel, who came here several years ago and built the Battletown Fruit and Evaporating Company, will be manager of the new enterprise.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1175", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the fruit shipped along the line", "excerpt": "An idea of the fruit business, outside of the tremendous apple industry of this immediate section, can be had from the fact that approximately 60,000 baskets of berries and cherries were shipped from along the Norfolk and Kestern [Western] last year within a radius of 40 miles of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1176", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the planned products and workforce", "excerpt": "It will manufacture barrels for packing of apples. It also will probably go into the making of egg crates to meet the demand of the egg-shipping business from this section. The company will turn out all kinds of fruit containers. There will be baskets for peaches, for cherries, for huckleberries, raspberries as well as barrels for apples. Between 40 and 50 persons will be employed in the new factory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1177", "source_id": "S303", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the enterprises beside the tracks", "excerpt": "The establishment of the basket factory will make twelve enterprises doing business alongside the tracks of the Norfolk and Western at Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1178", "source_id": "S390", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Hugh Armel Killed Unloading Logs at Basket Factory Plant\", the crane and the hook", "excerpt": "The big logs are unloaded from the freight cars by a huge crane. Mr. Taylor Knight operates the engine of the crane. ... As the crane started to rise and the chains tightened, one of the end hooks, which evidently had lost part of its grip when it had first rested on the pile, slipped off.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1179", "source_id": "S390", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the factory after the accident", "excerpt": "The accident cast a pall over the basket factory. Work was suspended for the day, as many of the men were so grief stricken that they said they felt they could do nothing more that day. A number of the basket factory employes attended Mr. Armel's funeral in a body.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1180", "source_id": "S520", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Basket Plant Now Running\", opening and closing paragraphs", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1181", "source_id": "S520", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the description of the machinery", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1182", "source_id": "S521", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Basket Factory Resumes Operations\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1183", "source_id": "S498", "locator": "Page 1, report on local employment, paragraphs on the silk mill and the basket company", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1184", "source_id": "S522", "locator": "Page 1, report of the sale, headline, decks and first paragraph", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1185", "source_id": "S522", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the buyer's background and plans", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1186", "source_id": "S522", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the company's history and its officers before the sale", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1187", "source_id": "S526", "locator": "Page 1, notice \"Colored People to Unveil Monument.\", first and last paragraphs", "excerpt": "The colored people of this section will have a big gathering on Thursday, July 8, when they will unveil a handsome monument to the memory of the original stockholders of the Milton Valley Cemetery. The monument will cost about $200. ... A number of prominent colored people from Washington and elsewhere have been invited to attend", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1188", "source_id": "S526", "locator": "Page 1, same notice, the paragraph on the company's formation", "excerpt": "Forty-one colored men and women formed themsevles [themselves] into an organization known as the Milton Valley Cemetery Company in 1879 and purchased three acres of land from Mr. Engle, on which they laid out the first burial ground for colored people in this section of the State. Only fourteen of the original forty-one survive.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1189", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, right column, advertisement headed \"Milton Valley Cemetery\", with its display line and signature", "excerpt": "This cemetery will afford splendid opportunities for individuals and families to purchase sites for burials at reasonable terms. This Company have erected a beautiful / A MONUMENT / in honor to the Stock-holders and their beloved dead. Everybody help [i]n this good work. G. W. LIGHTFOOT, SEC / Berryville, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1190", "source_id": "S527", "locator": "Page 1, obituary of George William Lightfoot, second paragraph", "excerpt": "He was a dweller here for more than 50 years, and principal of the negro public school for number of years. His name also appeared among the directorate of the Milton Valley Cemetery Company.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1191", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, personals column, line on the Milton Valley Cemetery", "excerpt": "The Milton Valley Cemetery ought to have their flower strewing when flowers are plentiful.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1192", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, \"Resolution of Respect\" by order of Gideon's Tab. No. 14, on the death of Sarah E. Mills", "excerpt": "take from our Lodge, our beloved sister Sarah E. Mills ... as a member of the sick committee, it was never too hot or too cold for her to perform her duty. ... Done by order of Gideon's Tab. No. 14.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1193", "source_id": "S69", "locator": "Page 1, appeal headed \"Cemetery Walk\"", "excerpt": "We appeal to you to help us in this worthy cause, and very much needed Walk in the Cemetery. There will be an Entertainment at FISHERMEN HALL, BERRYVILLE, VA. Friday night, July 2nd., 1926. ... The delicacies of the Season will be served at reasonable price. ADMISSION: FREE. HILA BLACKBURN, Pres. M. C. YOUNG, Sec'ty.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1194", "source_id": "S528", "locator": "Page 3, \"A Card.\" signed B. R. Blackburn", "excerpt": "I take this method of returning my thanks to the many friends, white and colored, who rendered me aid during the recent illness of my daughter, Ellen C. Blackburn, who died Saturday morning, May 15, 1897, aged about 16 years. Funeral services at the F. B. Church on May 16th ... Her remains were deposited in the Milton Valley Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1195", "source_id": "S529", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Death of Aged Colored Woman.\" on Helan Fields", "excerpt": "an old and well known colored woman, who had lived nearly all her life in this community, died at the home of her son, Dr. William H. Fields, in Cairo, Illinois, on Sunday. The remains will be brought here today for interment in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1196", "source_id": "S271", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Colored War Veteran Is Buried Here\"", "excerpt": "Edward Jones, 26 years old, ... who served in the World War and was gassed while on the front, died in Detroit last week and his body was brought here and buried in Milton Valley Cemetery. Edward contracted the grip and the weak condition of his lungs, due to gas, made him an easy victim for tuberculosis ... His father, Isaac H. Jones, who is now working in Detroit, brought the body here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1197", "source_id": "S532", "locator": "Page 1, report of the death and funeral of Lewis Myers, headed with his name and \"Dead; Respected Here\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1198", "source_id": "S530", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Legion Service 5 P. M. Friday\", subhead \"Memorial Service At Cemetery\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1199", "source_id": "S531", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Memorial Day exercises at Milton Valley Cemetery", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1200", "source_id": "S533", "locator": "Page 10, obituary \"Funeral Services Held Tuesday For Rev. E. T. Johnson\", headline, first paragraphs and continuation", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1201", "source_id": "S534", "locator": "Catalog record 2005.00023.291.C: title, date, creator and description", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1202", "source_id": "S535", "locator": "Catalog record 427/2005-#3: title, date, extent and summary", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1257", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "PDF page 24 (Section 7 page 24), inventory entry for 313 Josephine Street, the Milton Valley Cemetery", "excerpt": "The ... site dates to at least 1874 when three acres were purchased ... from A. Moore, Jr., the guardian of the children of Edward T. Hebb, although the deed was not recorded until 1880. ... It contains the names of all the original stockholders of the cemetery (41 names are listed).", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1258", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "PDF page 32, statement of significance on the cemetery's purchase and obelisk", "excerpt": "... by A. Moore, Guardian for the heirs of E. Y. Hebbs ... it references an 1874 agreement between the parties for the sale to the Milton Valley Cemetery. ... Names on the base of the obelisk ... include ... Laws, Robertson, Jackson, Page, Carter, and Jenkins.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1259", "source_id": "S90", "locator": "PDF page 34, paragraph on the Page family of Josephine Street", "excerpt": "Thomas Page was one of the original stockholders of Milton Valley Cemetery, with his name prominently carved on the base of the obelisk.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1260", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, resolution by order of Rose of Sharn Juvenile Tab. No. 61, on the death of Sarah E. Mills", "excerpt": "God in his divine wisdom has again visited Rose of Sharn Juvenils, Tab. No. 61 and takeu [taken] from our midst our beloved sister and Guardian in the person of sister Sarah E. Mills, who departed this life May 26, 1910 at her home in Berryville, Va. ... Done by order of Rose of Sharm Juvenile Tab. No. 61, PHILLIP PAGE, R. W R. EDWARD M. JONES, R. W. S.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1261", "source_id": "S61", "locator": "Page 2, obituary \"Death of Mrs. S. E. Mills\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Sarah E. Mills, resident of this town and county died Thursday evening ... She was aged about 63 years ... The funeral was held from the Free Baptist Church Saturday after noon at 3 o'clock, Rev. B. F. Thomas officiating. Mrs. Sarah E. Mills was a member the Gallean Fishermen Society, which turned out in full Regalia and performed their whole duty. The remains followed by a long prosession of those wished to pay the last tribute of respect to the Milton Valley Cemetery. May 21, 1910.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1203", "source_id": "S536", "locator": "Page 4, report of the contract, the price and deductions", "excerpt": "The contract price is $17,350.00 less a deduction of $407.00 for one-pipe modulating heating plant instead of the two-pipe system, and less a deduction of fifty cents per cubic yard for excavation made by the patrons of the school.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1204", "source_id": "S536", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the construction and plan of the building", "excerpt": "Construction will be 8-in. cinder block faced with 4-in. brick ... building to consist of auditorium and four separate class rooms, with two additional class rooms cut off by means of folding doors in the auditorium. This school will be for the use of the Clarke County Training School, and a feature of the school will be instruction in vocational agriculture", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1205", "source_id": "S536", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the digging bees and the two promises", "excerpt": "are holding two digging bees this week, one on Wednesday and one o[n] Friday ... gathered Wednesday in large numbers to make good on Promise Number 1. To dig out the foundation. Dollars have already begun to pour in toward Promise Number 2, which is more binding, covered by bonds to the sum of $8,000.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1206", "source_id": "S536", "locator": "Page 4, same report, the principal's verse \"Digging Spree Again Friday\"", "excerpt": "For most assuredly impatient dirt must fly.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1207", "source_id": "S537", "locator": "Page 4, opening paragraphs: the contract restated and the digging completed", "excerpt": "A few weeks ago the School Board of Clarke county awarded the contract for the erection of the colored school building to Kelley and Kelley, Bluemont, Va. contractors, at the price of $17,350.00 ... The digging of the foundation has been completed", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1208", "source_id": "S537", "locator": "Page 4, same page, the photograph caption and the principal's account of the groundbreaking", "excerpt": "Pictured above is Superintendent A. F. Robertson breaking the ground on April 17 ... in the above cut you see him in company with E. T. Johnson, the vocation teacher, Morgan Edwards and some of the pupils beginning the excavation. ... \"Impatient dirt must fly\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1209", "source_id": "S537", "locator": "Page 4, same contribution, the cost of the digging and the help received", "excerpt": "The foundation has been dug by the patrons at a cost of a little over $300. Many of our white friends have contributed aid, some in cash, some in truck service in moving dirt", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1210", "source_id": "S537", "locator": "Page 4, same contribution, the annual pledge, the planned school and the dollar envelopes", "excerpt": "we have already pledged ourselves to raise $500 annually ... an imposing brick , six-teacher plan school with auditorium ... One thousand \"My Dollar Fund Rally\" envelopes have been distributed to the colored people throughout the county ... but not less if you wish your name to go on the cornerstone record.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1211", "source_id": "S538", "locator": "Page 7, announcement of the cornerstone laying and the Rally Day Drive", "excerpt": "tomorrow (Friday June 6) is the day for the laying of the cornerstone to the new school building which is now being erected in Josephine City. This same day they will hold their sixth annual pageant and \"Rally Day Drive,\" the purpose of the latter to help in the first $500, which they have pledged to raise annually toward the new building.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1212", "source_id": "S539", "locator": "Page 4, the principal's account, the parade, its route and the setting of the stone", "excerpt": "It has been said that our people are never on time, but the parade started ahead of expected time with Charles Town band ... After three attempts the stone was placed in the north east corner of the Clarke County Training School.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1213", "source_id": "S539", "locator": "Page 4, same account, the proceeds, the dedication and the envelopes", "excerpt": "the proceeds from the Pageant past the $500 mark ... we certainly do need just $100 more prior to our dedication which will be early in September. Look, the agriculture hall is to be completed; the play ground enclosed, and we have no play appratus whatever. ... We have out now more than 400 \"My Dollar Fund\" envelipes.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1214", "source_id": "S557", "locator": "Card no. 3876: the typed entries: name, county, land, type, budget year, application, total cost, its four sources and insurance", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1215", "source_id": "S558", "locator": "Printed page 16, head of the \"List of 384 Schools 1929-30\" and its headnote", "excerpt": "List of 384 Schools 1929-30 ... The figure accompanying the name of the county shows the number of years the school has been on the list.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1216", "source_id": "S558", "locator": "Printed page 24, Virginia list, the Clarke row read across its four columns", "excerpt": "Clarke 2 Berryville A. F. Robinson E. T. Johnson", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1217", "source_id": "S558", "locator": "Printed page 15, section \"County Training Schools\", opening sentence (machine-read text)", "excerpt": "Beginning with the Session 1911-12, at the request of four County Superintendents, the Slater Fund aided in establishing County Training Schools in these four counties.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1218", "source_id": "S540", "locator": "Page 1, notice \"C. C. C. Members To Give Program Here\", at the foot of the column", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1219", "source_id": "S541", "locator": "Page 7, report \"Training School Team Wins State Honors\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1220", "source_id": "S542", "locator": "Page 3, announcement \"Negro Life In County To Be Portrayed May 21\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1221", "source_id": "S543", "locator": "Page 4, announcement \"Training School Finals Slated Tuesday Night\", first three paragraphs", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1222", "source_id": "S544", "locator": "Page 8, notice \"School Improvement League Meets Monday\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1223", "source_id": "S545", "locator": "Page 1, report \"County Training School Ranks Fifth In Contest\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1224", "source_id": "S546", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Training School Aggies Trounce Harrisonburg\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1225", "source_id": "S547", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Training School Plans Field Day\", the announcement and the program", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1226", "source_id": "S547", "locator": "Page 1, same report, closing paragraph on the school bus", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1227", "source_id": "S548", "locator": "Page 1, report \"Clarke Training School Graduates 9 At Finals\", the program", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1228", "source_id": "S549", "locator": "Page 7, announcement \"Clarke Training School To Hold Art Exhibition\", first two paragraphs", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1229", "source_id": "S550", "locator": "Page 1, budget report, the paragraph on the reason for the school-levy increase and the table of rates", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1230", "source_id": "S551", "locator": "Page 4, route list, Bus No. 3 (Colored), Route No. 3-A", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1231", "source_id": "S552", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Clarke County Training School Wins Opener\", first paragraph", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1232", "source_id": "S553", "locator": "Page 8, announcement \"County Training School To Hold Small Olympic\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1233", "source_id": "S554", "locator": "Page 2, appeal \"Colored School Bond Holders Asked To Pay\", signed by E. T. Johnson, President of League", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1234", "source_id": "S555", "locator": "Page 8, report \"Twelve Seniors Finish At Training School\", the program", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1235", "source_id": "S556", "locator": "Page 1, School Board report, paragraph on lunch projects", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1236", "source_id": "S559", "locator": "Page 17, \"Courier Chatter\" column, paragraph on the \"Red Flash\" mix-up at the Rosemont Circle post", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1237", "source_id": "S559", "locator": "Page 17, same column, \"Notes\" paragraph on supplementary gasoline coupon applications", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1238", "source_id": "S560", "locator": "Page 1, report of the observation post to be formed, headline, subhead and first two paragraphs", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1239", "source_id": "S560", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the plan for the state-wide system and the local posts", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1240", "source_id": "S561", "locator": "Page 1, report of the posts' closing, headline, subhead, the War Department's statement and the order to stay ready", "excerpt": "the danger of a large scale sustained attack from the air in this section has passed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1241", "source_id": "S561", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the three chief observers, the service's beginning and the request for hours served", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1242", "source_id": "S562", "locator": "Page 9, report of the defense registration at the Court House, with its list of functions", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1243", "source_id": "S563", "locator": "Page 1, report of the tire rationing board's January 19 decisions", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1244", "source_id": "S564", "locator": "Page 1, report of the meeting on moving the air spotter stations", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1245", "source_id": "S565", "locator": "Page 12, report of the Berryville post's change to three-hour shifts, across two columns", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1246", "source_id": "S565", "locator": "Page 12, classified columns, notice signed by M. W. Jones, Jr.", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1247", "source_id": "S566", "locator": "Page 1, report of the sugar registration, headline to the gasoline paragraph", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1248", "source_id": "S567", "locator": "Page 1, report of the gasoline card registration at the schools", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1249", "source_id": "S568", "locator": "Page 1, report of the first weekend of gasoline rationing and the card counts, headline to the continuation line", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1250", "source_id": "S569", "locator": "Page 4, continuation of the gasoline card report, the B-3 and X card counts", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1251", "source_id": "S570", "locator": "Page 19, report of the Training School's cancelled baccalaureate", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1252", "source_id": "S571", "locator": "Page 15, report of the White Post spotters' vote", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1253", "source_id": "S572", "locator": "Page 16, report of the Boyce post's dedication, the dedication paragraph and John Zombro's opening remarks", "excerpt": "the material expression of a watchful public spirited community.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1254", "source_id": "S573", "locator": "Page 1, report of the Junior Woman's Club's bond sales, first paragraph", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1255", "source_id": "S574", "locator": "Page 14, \"For Sale\" notice of the air spotter station at Boyce", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1256", "source_id": "S575", "locator": "Blog post, opening paragraph and the paragraphs on the Greene County log book and its availability to researchers", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "not_applicable" }, { "id": "G1300", "source_id": "S600", "locator": "Page 6, notice \"Dedication Of Colored School September 5th\", headline and opening paragraphs (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "Friday, September 5, has been chosen as the day for the dedication exercises to take place at the Clarke County Training School, the building just recently erected in Josephine City for the colored. E. T. Johnson, president of the Colored School Improvement League has contributed the following: First, the Clarke County Improvement League wishes to thank the public at large for making it possible that a modern six-teacher modified plan brick school has been erected in Josephine for the colored children of this county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1301", "source_id": "S600", "locator": "Page 6, same notice, continuation in the next column: the Rosenwald offer and the speakers, signed by the Clarke County Colored Improvement League (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "You will probably recall that some nearly eight years ago, Prof. T. C. Walker came to us during our First Parade Pageant and Field Meet held at the Berryville Fair Grounds, and how he stressed the help that Mr. Rosenwald was offering, providing that we raise a like sum. We more than met that requirement. Prof. Walker will be present, Prof. W. D. Gresham, Supervisor of Negro Education of this State who has made several trips to this county in the interest of the school will speak at one-thirty, and also present Dr. J. M. Gandy, the president of Virginia State College for Negroes.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1302", "source_id": "S601", "locator": "Page 5, notice \"Dedication Of Colored School Friday Evening\", signed E. T. Johnson (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "So, during our dedication we have reserved special seats for all of our white friends so long as these seats last. Program for the morning session will be spiced by local talent. Profs W. D. Gresham, Supervisor of Negro Education in the State, T. C. Walker, Rosenwald Agent prime speakers. At night music by Hoffman's bind. Dr. J. M. Gandy, president of State College for Negroes will be the speaker.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1303", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, report \"Dedicate Negro Training School\", first column: the groundbreaking and the rock (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "The Principal E. T. Johnson, some of the school boys, some of the patrons and Superintendent A. F. Robertson gathered early on the morning of the 17th of April at which time ground was broken, Prof. A. F. Robertson spading out the first dirt. ... the woman patrons furnishing splendid meals for the workmen. Prior to teh commencing the foundation some patron had been asked for some rock who flatly refused \"narry rock\" was the reply", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1304", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, same report, first column: the cost of the digging, the chairs and the contractor (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "Digging out the foundation cost the patrons of the county $375; paid for in full by cash and personal work. A few days before the date set for the dedication, we were informed that the county did not furnish chairs for the spacious auditoriums. So we took it upon ourselves to tackle that job, the result, $680 debt looks us in the face with a little over $100 in hand towards it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1305", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, same report, second column below an unrelated obituary: the thanks and the cornerstone compared (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "The cornerstone was layed on the 6th of June amidst an imposing array of Odd Fellow regalia; lodges from well nigh all over the Valley, and an overwhelming concourse of people outnumbering that of the dedication with its no-gate fee. Our people delight in paying their way so far as they are able. But I don't believe we would be far wrong were we to say that on Friday, September 5th, never a more representative group of colored people ever gathered to do honor to any occasion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1306", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, same report, second column: the speakers, Prof. W. D. Graham (so printed), Lawyer T. C. Walker, and the opening of school (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "Lawyer T. C. Walker came all the way from Gloucester as he has done on several occasions to talk to members of our group, and spoke in the same jovial and jocular vein, entertaining and instructive; sometimes bordering upon the serious. Lawyer Walker has built up quite a school in his community for the boys and girls of Gloucester and, too, is a trustee of Manassas Industrial School.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1307", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, same report, second column, section \"The Day Goes Over Big\": the songs, Dr. Gandy's address, Robertson and Gresham (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "In the afternoon the community group, mostly teachers, furnished some very attractively rendered numbers, such folklore selections that our white guests enjoy; in short, we enjoy them ourselves: \"The Blind Man Stood on the Road and Cried\", \"Roll, Jordan, Roll\". ... Dr. Gandy dealt at some length on the compulsory school attendance law", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1308", "source_id": "S602", "locator": "Page 5, same report, closing paragraph: the rock pile, the chairs, the bond and the quartet (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "But gentlemen: The pile of rock lies there uncrushed; the drive-in must be rocked before the miry weather sets in; the chairs are unpaid for, and our bond must be met. Culled out from among the boys who have from time to time come under our notice; we have organized a quartet, and that quartet is traveling with the principal everywhere, singing the school needs into the hearts of the people. You would do well to give us a hearing.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1309", "source_id": "S603", "locator": "Page 8, local item on Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., below the horseshoe and Summit Point items", "excerpt": "Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., is confined to her bed as a result of injuries received when she slipped and fell from the platform at the dedication exercises for the new colored schiol last week.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1310", "source_id": "S604", "locator": "Page 1, report of opening enrollments, the passage following the Boyce figures", "excerpt": "the enroll- of colored youths in all schools of the county, totals 350.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1311", "source_id": "S605", "locator": "Page 1, report of December attendance in the colored schools", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1312", "source_id": "S606", "locator": "Page 4, item \"Operetta To Benefit New Colored School\" (line-end hyphens joined)", "excerpt": "Tomorrow night, Friday, at eight o'clock, \"In India,\" an operetta by fifty pupils of the Sumner High School for the colored of Martinsburg, will be presented in the auditorium of the new colored school building in Josephine City, for the benefit of the local school. The Sumner High School orchestra will be on hand and preparations are being made for a record audience. Aumission will be, adults, 25 cents, and children 15 cents.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1313", "source_id": "S607", "locator": "Page 5, report \"Training School Finals Held Monday Night\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1316", "source_id": "S608", "locator": "Page 4, paragraph beginning \"Boost the Berryville Training School Pageant, May 15th\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1317", "source_id": "S609", "locator": "Page 4, announcement \"Training School To Hold Seventh Annual Page'nt\", signed by the committee", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1318", "source_id": "S610", "locator": "Page 5, announcement \"Fall Festival October 23rd\", its closing paragraph and signatures", "excerpt": "but owing to the \"depression cry\", this year, the charge per ticket will be 50 cents including supper.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1319", "source_id": "S611", "locator": "Page 1, announcement \"Training School To Give Pageant May 25\", first paragraph", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1320", "source_id": "S612", "locator": "Page 1, notice \"Clarke Improvement League To Hold Session\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1321", "source_id": "S613", "locator": "Page 4, report \"Dr. W. T. B. Williams Succumbs March 26\", headline, subhead and first column of the tribute", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1322", "source_id": "S613", "locator": "Page 4, same tribute, continued in the next column, initialled W. A. B.", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1323", "source_id": "S614", "locator": "Page 11, announcement \"Training School To Dedicate New Shop\"", "excerpt": "The shop, Rev. E. T. Johnson, principal of the school, said would be dedicated to \"National Defense.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1324", "source_id": "S615", "locator": "Page 4, announcement \"Colored Schools To Stage Pageants\", with the principal's statement", "excerpt": "at least to say farewell to the last sacrificial effort through pageants.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1325", "source_id": "S533", "locator": "Page 10, obituary \"Funeral Services Held Tuesday For Rev. E. T. Johnson\", paragraphs on his death at home, his education and career, and his parents and birth", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1326", "source_id": "S616", "locator": "Page 8, letter to the editor on the Rev. E. T. Johnson, first column", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1327", "source_id": "S616", "locator": "Page 8, same letter, second column, signed W. A. Bradford", "excerpt": "a guide and counsellor to his people", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1328", "source_id": "S617", "locator": "Page 15, \"Observation Post At White Post Sold,\" the sale to W. R. Thompson, the price, the Boyce comparison and the proceeds", "excerpt": "a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1329", "source_id": "S618", "locator": "Page 16, \"Dear Dan\" column, opening paragraphs, the night on duty at the air spotter post", "excerpt": "to pound out a portion of this letter while on duty at the air spotter post", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1330", "source_id": "S619", "locator": "Page 8, editorial \"Spotting Airplanes,\" the shortage of volunteers at the Berryville post and the three-hour request", "excerpt": "just three hours out of every 168", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1331", "source_id": "S620", "locator": "Page 1, \"Boyce Plans Bingo And Fun Festival,\" the benefit for the Boyce spotter post and its debt", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1332", "source_id": "S621", "locator": "Page 1, \"Aircraft Warning Service Begins New Classes,\" the recognition classes, the instructor and the district director's explanation", "excerpt": "to report ships by type and name will definitely identify it", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1333", "source_id": "S621", "locator": "Page 1, same report, the awning needed at the post", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1334", "source_id": "S622", "locator": "Page 15, \"Class Of 10 Spotters Complete Course Here,\" the class, its instructor and the classes at White Post and Boyce", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1335", "source_id": "S623", "locator": "Page 8, \"Rummage Sale To Benefit Spotter Post,\" the date, place and appeal for articles", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1336", "source_id": "S624", "locator": "Page 3, \"Berryville\" column (continued from page 2), the paragraph on the rummage sale for the plane spotting post", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1337", "source_id": "S625", "locator": "Page 8, editorial \"Doing All You Can, Brother?,\" the air spotter post and the Red Cross room", "excerpt": "a crying shame", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1338", "source_id": "S626", "locator": "Page 16, \"Dear Dan\" column, closing notes, the observers' wings", "excerpt": "Many of the county's citizenry are sporting wings on their lapels these days", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1339", "source_id": "S626", "locator": "Page 16, \"Dear Dan\" column, closing notes, the flu, a card from Rev. Ed Vaughan and a war-bond letter", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1340", "source_id": "S627", "locator": "Page 1, \"County Farm Group Begins Study Of Labor Problems,\" the meeting, war prisoners and the other labor sources", "excerpt": "war prisoners would not be available for this county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1341", "source_id": "S628", "locator": "Page 4, the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\": the June hearing and prevailing wages, the Arlington and Washington boys, school children and college girls, and the Bahaman workers", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1342", "source_id": "S628", "locator": "Page 4, the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\": the State Road convicts, from the last of August to November 30", "excerpt": "They worked for 35 cents per hour throughout the season", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1343", "source_id": "S628", "locator": "Page 4, the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\": the Kentuckians at the Castleman Ferry Camp and the Jamaicans from New Hampshire", "excerpt": "21 of the trouble makers were returned to their native land.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1344", "source_id": "S628", "locator": "Page 4, the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\": the German war prisoners in an orchardist's packing shed", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1345", "source_id": "S628", "locator": "Page 4, the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\": farmers and orchardists ask for school children to be kept out of school; work permits for ten school days (continued on page 11)", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1346", "source_id": "S629", "locator": "Page 11, \"County Agent Report, Continued from Page Four\": the permits' approval, the orchardists' request for a month, the 20 days, the October 1 meeting, October 31 and November 1, and the count approved", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1347", "source_id": "S630", "locator": "Page 12, \"Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe,\" the whole item", "excerpt": "is safe and alright according to the way his mother feels about it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1348", "source_id": "S631", "locator": "Page 16, \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner Of Japs,\" the whole item", "excerpt": "a prisoner of war of the Japanese Government.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1349", "source_id": "S632", "locator": "Page 13, \"Stars, Bars and Stripes,\" second item, on the first card from Tech. Sergt. Ralph W. Pope", "excerpt": "His health is good, he is uninjured and is well.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1350", "source_id": "S633", "locator": "Page 12, \"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy,\" the enlistment, the brothers, the birth date and the post office", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1351", "source_id": "S634", "locator": "Page 1, \"Believes Son, Prisoner Of Japs, All Right,\" first and second paragraphs", "excerpt": "Mrs. Pope feels that her son is all right.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1352", "source_id": "S635", "locator": "Page 1, \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan,\" the War Department telegram and the wire's text", "excerpt": "Dear Mother, I am getting along fine. Hope this finds all the same. Say hello to all. I am now in Japan.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1353", "source_id": "S636", "locator": "Page 1, \"Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany,\" the telegram, his age, the visit to his brother in France and the closing sentence", "excerpt": "so far as can be learned, is the first Clarke county soldier to be killed in action in the present conflict.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1354", "source_id": "S637", "locator": "Page 1, \"Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System,\" first and second paragraphs", "excerpt": "One of the first, if not the first, soldier from Clarke county to be discharged under the point system", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1355", "source_id": "S638", "locator": "Page 5, \"Berryville Goes Wild For An Hour Or So Before Report Is Denied,\" the false surrender report, the siren, fire bell and fire truck, and the V-E Day committee", "excerpt": "Berryville went wild for an hour or so.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1356", "source_id": "S639", "locator": "Page 16, \"Dear Dan\" column, the opening paragraph on V-E Day", "excerpt": "Berryville's celebration of V-E Day was a tame affair", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1357", "source_id": "S640", "locator": "Page 1, \"County Celebrates As War With Japan Ends,\" the county report under the subhead \"County In Hilarious and Sober Mood,\" to the jump to page 9", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1358", "source_id": "S640", "locator": "Page 1, \"Sgt. Pope, Jap Captive, Expected To Be Freed\"", "excerpt": "will be or has already been liberated, it is believed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1359", "source_id": "S641", "locator": "Page 1, \"During Ten Visits Here, Mobile Unit Collected 1,425 Pints Of Blood,\" the headline and the telegram to the Blood Donor Service chairman", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1360", "source_id": "S642", "locator": "Page 16, the editor's note at the head of the letter column, on Dan Morrison's furlough", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1361", "source_id": "S642", "locator": "Page 16, the letter headed \"Dear Ralph Pope,\" on the prisoner, ration points, the speed limit and cigarettes", "excerpt": "Dear Ralph Pope", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1362", "source_id": "S643", "locator": "Page 1, \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Liberated From Japanese Camp,\" the cable, and the family's five postcards and one letter, to the jump to page 16", "excerpt": "I'm fine.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1363", "source_id": "S644", "locator": "Page 2, local item on Sergt. Ralph Pope, from Woodrow Wilson Hospital, Staunton, to Clarke", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1364", "source_id": "S645", "locator": "Page 3, \"Sgt. Pope Relates Beatings By Japs As War Prisoner,\" from the capture through the transport to Japan and the Hanawa mine, to the jump to page 18", "excerpt": "cannot be printed because of government regulations", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1365", "source_id": "S646", "locator": "Page 18, \"Sgt. Pope, Continued from Page Three,\" the beating, his weight, the food drops, his return and his leave", "excerpt": "I never received any medical attention.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1366", "source_id": "S646", "locator": "Page 18, \"Twenty County Men Receive Discharges,\" the announcement (names not used)", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1314", "source_id": "S131", "locator": "Page 1, \"Teachers for 1931-'32 Chosen\" (opening)", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region 275,1045,800,1215 of the Library of Congress page image (IIIF service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_moser_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867322:1931061101:1025), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-09-26 for this passage only.", "crop": "visuals/v11-courier-1931-06-11-p1.jpg, 800 by 1215 pixels, blob 1f117ffb8012ae573cbc69105ceeffd31a8a09bd", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/training-school-dedication-debt-2026-09-26/EVIDENCE.md, row E11, at 4845483a" } }, { "id": "G1315", "source_id": "S131", "locator": "Page 1, \"Teachers in the colored schools of the county\"", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region 260,4085,815,585 of the Library of Congress page image (IIIF service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_moser_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867322:1931061101:1025), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-09-26 for this passage only.", "crop": "visuals/v12-courier-1931-06-11-p1.jpg, 815 by 585 pixels, blob df16b2aefb9498b57a81b9800fec68a08bc5f1c8", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/training-school-dedication-debt-2026-09-26/EVIDENCE.md, row E11, at 4845483a" } }, { "id": "G1367", "source_id": "S648", "locator": "The excluded statement to Hattie Prichard", "excerpt": "We think that the court erred in refusing to permit the witness to state what was said by the prisoner on the occasion referred to. What was so said might well have been, in whole or in part, admissible evidence, either for or against the prisoner.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1368", "source_id": "S648", "locator": "The refusal to recall Milton", "excerpt": "the court certainly erred either in refusing to permit the witness, Milton, to be recalled as aforesaid, or in refusing to permit Hesser to be examined as a witness to contradict the testimony of Milton.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1369", "source_id": "S648", "locator": "The excluded grand-jury contradiction", "excerpt": "We are of opinion that the court erred in such refusal, whatever may have been the ground on which it was based.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1370", "source_id": "S648", "locator": "The excluded threat testimony", "excerpt": "We think that the court erred in so ruling; and that there was a sufficient specification as to the time, place and persons involved in the supposed contradiction, within the meaning of the law on this subject.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1371", "source_id": "S648", "locator": "The disposition", "excerpt": "it is considered by the court that the said judgment of the Circuit court be reversed and annulled, that the verdict of the jury be set aside, and that the cause be remanded to the said Circuit court for a new trial to be had therein in conformity with the foregoing opinion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "transcription" }, { "id": "G1372", "source_id": "S649", "locator": "Page 1, sidebar “Customer Races for Pencil After Seeing Getaway Car”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1373", "source_id": "S650", "locator": "Pages 1–2, main report “4 Face Charges In Bank Robbery,” continued as “4 FACE” on page 2", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1374", "source_id": "S651", "locator": "Pages 1 and 17, “License Numbers Checked, So Pooch Gets the Spuds,” continued as “License Number Checked”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1375", "source_id": "S652", "locator": "Page 1, “4 Charged in Bank Theft Held for Grand Jury Action”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1376", "source_id": "S653", "locator": "Page 1, “3 Plead Guilty in Bank Case”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1377", "source_id": "S654", "locator": "Page 1, “3 Get Penitentiary Terms In Clarke Bank Robbery”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1378", "source_id": "S655", "locator": "Page 1, “Mrs. Shupe Changes Plea In Bank Case”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1379", "source_id": "S656", "locator": "Page 2, “Mrs. Shupe Changes Plea To Innocent”", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1380", "source_id": "S657", "locator": "Modern reprint of “Trooper nabs bank robbers,” reproducing the April 8, 1965 account; printed page not recorded", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1381", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 316 (printed folio 264), letter of C. H. Morgan to John S. Mosby, April 11, 1865", "excerpt": "is authorized to receive the surrender of the forces under your command on the same conditions offered to General Lee", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1382", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 317 (printed folio 265), dispatch of W. S. Hancock to H. Halleck, April 12, 1865", "excerpt": "It is quite as likely that Mosby will disband as that he will surrender, as all his men have fine horses and are generally armed with two pistols only", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1383", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 317 (printed folio 265), reply of J. S. Mosby to W. S. Hancock, April 15, 1865", "excerpt": "nor, in my opinion, has the emergency yet arisen which would justify the surrender of my Command", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1384", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 318 (printed folio 266)", "excerpt": "Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman, Captain Walter Frankland, Adjutant William H. Mosby, and Dr. A. Monteiro, of our Command", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1385", "source_id": "S660", "locator": "PDF p. 393 (printed p. 378), footnote 3: telegram of W. S. Hancock to H. Halleck, April 16, 1865", "excerpt": "Arrangements have been made for a meeting at Millwood on Tuesday noon, when I expect to receive the surrender.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1386", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 318 (printed folio 266)", "excerpt": "where he met, by appointment, General George H. Chapman and his officers", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1387", "source_id": "S658", "locator": "PDF p. 209 (printed folio 203)", "excerpt": "thirty minutes before the hour fixed by General Hancock that our truce should expire", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1388", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 318 (printed folio 266)", "excerpt": "walked into one of the rooms of the little brick building in Millwood, near Winchester", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1389", "source_id": "S658", "locator": "PDF p. 210 (printed folio 204)", "excerpt": "a large room, called a parlor in the only hotel in the little village of Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1390", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF pp. 319–320 (printed folios 267–268)", "excerpt": "If, the truce no longer protects us, we are at your mercy; but we shall protect ourselves", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1391", "source_id": "S658", "locator": "PDF pp. 211–212 (printed folios 205–206)", "excerpt": "Sir, if we are no longer under the protection of our trues we are of course at the mercy of your men. We shall protect ourselves.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1392", "source_id": "S659", "locator": "PDF p. 320 (printed folio 268)", "excerpt": "each man mounted his horse without molestation and they galloped down the turnpike to the Shenandoah river", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1393", "source_id": "S658", "locator": "PDF p. 213 (printed folio 207)", "excerpt": "closely followed by a cloud of Yankee cavalry", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1394", "source_id": "S658", "locator": "PDF p. 213 (printed folio 207)", "excerpt": "the day following, the battalion was summoned for the last time by command of Colonel Mosby", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1395", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF pp. 13–14 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=13, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=14), Nelson’s 1890 historical sketch", "excerpt": "old Robin, the courteous old colored sexton, who had a little stand by the right hand side of the south door as you come in, where he kept a pail of cool water from the Chapel Spring and a nice clean gourd", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1396", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 5 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=5), restated p. 28 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=28)", "excerpt": "The evidence seems to be fairly in favor of", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1397", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 28 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=28)", "excerpt": "any omissions...the reader may attribute to these causes", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1398", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 40 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=40)", "excerpt": "HARRIET EVANS (colored), wife of Randall Evans of Winchester. Aged 38 years. Died November 20, 1848.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1399", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 52 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=52)", "excerpt": "RANDAL EVANS (Colored). Lived in Winchester, where he conducted a high-class restaurant. Died in Baltimore, 1871.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1400", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF pp. 41–42 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=41, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=42)", "excerpt": "the well-known, faithful and interesting attendant of the Old Chapel grounds for a great number of years", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1401", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 44 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=44)", "excerpt": "She was 13 at the siege of York and often talked of that event", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1402", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 33 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=33)", "excerpt": "Instructor in the Millwood neighborhood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1403", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 36 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=36)", "excerpt": "Served in the war of 1812, 4th Virginia Regiment, as substitute for his brother Dennis O’Connor", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1404", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF pp. 36, 49, 73, 76 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=36, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=49, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=73, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=76)", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1405", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 38 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=38)", "excerpt": "her skirts caught fire and she died of the burns", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1406", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 41 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=41)", "excerpt": "Killed by a horse May 28, 1850", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1407", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 58 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=58)", "excerpt": "the faithful servant and devoted nurse of all the children at ‘The Briars’", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1408", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 58 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=58)", "excerpt": "one of the old faithful servants", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1409", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 67 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=67)", "excerpt": "Coachman for Dr. Robert C. Randolph of ‘New Market,’ and afterward for Mrs. George H. Burwell at ‘Saratoga,’ where he died November, 1894.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1410", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 68 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=68)", "excerpt": "Mammy to the children at ‘Saratoga’ for three generations", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1411", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 71 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=71)", "excerpt": "Mammy to the ‘New Market’ children", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1412", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF pp. 37–38 (https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=37, https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=38)", "excerpt": "liberating her slaves and sending them to Liberia, which she did in 1832, providing them with every necessary supply for a year", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1413", "source_id": "S662", "locator": "Page 10, “Coffee,” continued from p.1", "excerpt": "‘Just happened,’ said J. Fred Jones ... A group of people in Berryville started meeting in the Soda Shop for morning coffee. As the years went by, the group met at the Townhouse, and eventually moved to Jane’s Lunch.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1414", "source_id": "S661", "locator": "Page 2, Vernon Racer interview, “One Last Look” photo feature", "excerpt": "It was started because Berryville had no place for youngsters to go ... we ran it for eight years before selling it to Johnny Dodson and Beulah Sanborn in 1967.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1415", "source_id": "S661", "locator": "Page 2, “One Last Look” photo caption", "excerpt": "ONE LAST LOOK — This is the last look inside the Soda Shop as this Saturday it will close its doors and reopen Monday in the Avalon II Restaurant. The Soda Shop has been at its present location since 1959 when it was first opened back then by Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Racer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1416", "source_id": "S661", "locator": "Page 16, “Courier Chatter” retrospective column", "excerpt": "Some of us used to gather at White’s Pharmacy for morning coffee, that is until Gene White decided to make a real drug store of his business and did away with coffee and the soda fountain.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1417", "source_id": "S663", "locator": "Page 12, item on the Soda Shoppe", "excerpt": "...invites the coffee club which are habitues of Bunny Racer[’s] Soda Shoppe, both shifts, and a number of people from Winchester. They just about take over the restaurant...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1418", "source_id": "S664", "locator": "Page 9, formal sale notice", "excerpt": "We Have Sold The Soda Shoppe to Mr. Johnny Dodson and Mrs. Beulah Sanborn ... Vernon M. Racer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1419", "source_id": "S666", "locator": "Page 14, formal sale notice", "excerpt": "We Have Sold The Soda Shoppe to Mrs. Maxene Estep ... Johnny Dodson and Beulah Sanborn.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1420", "source_id": "S667", "locator": "Page 14, item on the Soda Shoppe’s change of ownership", "excerpt": "...of The Soda Shoppe and up and sold it to Ruth Thompson...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1421", "source_id": "S672", "locator": "Page 5, “Top Stories of 1978”", "excerpt": "The old Soda Shop closed its doors after 19 years at the same location [and] moved in with [Avalon II] along with owner Fred Harner. All the same personnel moved.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1422", "source_id": "S665", "locator": "Page 14, item on the Soda Shoppe", "excerpt": "...of the Soda Shoppe and met up with Bob Buckley.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1423", "source_id": "S668", "locator": "Page 12, item on the Town House", "excerpt": "...years before Coffee Club members who use the Town House when the Soda Shoppe is closed, never showed up. Bob Buckley was the only one to drop in...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1424", "source_id": "S667", "locator": "Page 14, item on the Soda Shoppe’s seating", "excerpt": "Whereas in the past, it was necessary to place three of the small tables together to take care of the members of the Coffee Club, Ruth had installed one big one...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1425", "source_id": "S671", "locator": "Page 16, item on the Soda Shoppe’s hours", "excerpt": "So from seven until 3:30, the place is the Soda Shop, and from 3:30 to 9, and midnight on Fridays and Saturdays, the place is a pizza shop, operated by Harold Hawkins.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1426", "source_id": "S669", "locator": "Page 15, “SMOKE DAMAGE AT THE SODA SHOPPE”", "excerpt": "SMOKE DAMAGE AT THE SODA SHOPPE — There was about $2,000 damage done in a fire at the Soda Shoppe last Thursday. The blaze started from faulty wiring on a freezer... It is expected to reopen today.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1427", "source_id": "S670", "locator": "Page 16, follow-up item", "excerpt": "The Soda Shoppe opened up as scheduled following [the] fire...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1428", "source_id": "S669", "locator": "Page 15, photo caption", "excerpt": "Here Sgt. Roy Breeden is shown evacuating a woman from the hotel building during the fire at the Soda Shoppe last Thursday... There was also smoke damage done to some of the other buildings on the block.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1429", "source_id": "S661", "locator": "Page 1, merger announcement", "excerpt": "...the entire staff [would] move in with Avalon II, \"just three doors down,\" owned by the same man, Fred Harner ... the reason for changing is ... to better [use] the facilities at Avalon II and reduce the double overhead we operated under.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1430", "source_id": "S662", "locator": "Page 10, “Coffee,” continued from p.1", "excerpt": "A group of people in Berryville started meeting in the Soda Shop for morning coffee. As the years went by, the group met at the Townhouse, and eventually moved to Jane’s Lunch.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1431", "source_id": "S662", "locator": "Page 1, front-page feature", "excerpt": null, "excerpt_kind": "locator_only", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1432", "source_id": "S662", "locator": "Page 10, Wisecarver mention", "excerpt": "another original member who still joins them once in a while", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1433", "source_id": "S662", "locator": "Page 1, front-page photo caption; page 10, feature text", "excerpt": "the members learn about the history of the town from Shackleford", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true }, { "id": "G1434", "source_id": "S673", "locator": "Page 5, item on the Coffee Club", "excerpt": "The informal Coffee Club has been meeting for decades. Last Friday when they met at Tastee Freeze (since Jane’s was closed for a week for renovations)...", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1435", "source_id": "S660", "locator": "PDF p. 399-400 (printed p. 384-385), footnote 7: Brig.-Gen. George H. Chapman to Brevet Brig.-Gen. C. H. Morgan, \"Near Berryville, Va., April 18, 1865\"", "excerpt": "I have the honor to report that agreeable to instructions I met Colonel John S. Mosby, C. S. Army, commanding Forty-third Battalion, to-day at Millwood, under a flag of truce... He declined to surrender at this time... Should that be defeated or surrender, he said he should regard the \"Confederate Cause\" as lost and would disband his organization. He does not propose even in that event to surrender them as an organization, but to disband the battalion, giving to each individual to choose his own course.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1436", "source_id": "S660", "locator": "PDF p. 398 (printed p. 383): instructions, Headquarters Middle Military Division, to Brevet Major-General Torbert, April 16, 1865", "excerpt": "The Major-General commanding directs me to inform you that Colonel Mosby, C. S. Army, will be at Millwood, Tuesday next, the 18th inst., at 12 m., for the purpose of arranging the surrender of his command or definitely declining; without doubt the former.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1437", "source_id": "S660", "locator": "PDF p. 404 (printed p. 389): telegram, W. G. Mitchell to Major-General Augur, Winchester, Va., April 20, 1865", "excerpt": "Colonel Mosby was met in person at Millwood to-day at 12 m., when the truce ended with him. He stated, and it appears to be true from the corroboration of Confederate officers and soldiers who have surrendered, and citizens, that his command has disbanded, with the exception of a few officers and soldiers.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1438", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 14, Section 8, quoting an 1868 report", "excerpt": "Mr. Keys has been relieved by Mrs. Sarah S. Jackson (col'd) who is a very good teacher & will build up a good school.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1439", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 13, Section 8", "excerpt": "...the newspaper article reported that John Holmes, a colored veteran who had lost a leg in the war, had set up a free school in the village.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1440", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 14, Section 8", "excerpt": "in 1873 when The Clarke Courier announced the teaching appointments for the year, including that of \"Nancy Jones, col'd\" who would be the Chapel District teacher at the Millwood School.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1441", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 14, Section 8", "excerpt": "It will be seen that there are three colored teachers on the list, whose duties are confined to the instruction of colored children. The white man's government of Virginia, instead of making war upon the negroes, supplies the means and affords the opportunity for their education.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1442", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 14, Section 8", "excerpt": "...Clarke County supported eighteen schools for white children, and four schools for blacks. By 1888, there were twenty-four schools for white children, and the number of black schools had more than doubled, to ten.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1443", "source_id": "S435", "locator": "PDF p. 14, Section 8", "excerpt": "Beverly Randolph and Mary, his wife, conveyed the 1.25 acre school lot to the Chapel District School Board in April 1888 for $162.50. Mary had received the property through the will of her uncle, Nathaniel Burwell and his wife, Elizabeth Randolph in 1884.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false }, { "id": "G1444", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 60, PDF p. 68 of the hosted copy, chapter VIII, \"Old Chapel and Millwood,\" opening", "excerpt": "Very early in the history of Frederick County, provision was made for the building of chapels and one was built at what is now called the \"Old Chapel.\" Its history is given in an address delivered by Capt. Wm. N. Nelson in 1897.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 68 (printed 60) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 3323c24f80f320eb...), box 0,390 1367x1101 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold68-ch8-opening, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1445", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 68, PDF p. 76 of the hosted copy, Bishop Meade quoted on the 1834 decision", "excerpt": "In the year 1834 it was found that the Old Chapel was too small and inconvenient for the increasing congregation, and it was therefore determined to erect another and larger one in a more central and convenient place in the vicinity of Millwood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 76 (printed 68) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 61257b0df5e18fcc...), box 0,284 1367x907 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold76-christ-church-1834, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1446", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 68, PDF p. 76 of the hosted copy, Bishop Meade quoted on alternate services", "excerpt": "Such, however, was the attachment of many to the Old Chapel that funds for the latter could not be obtained, except on condition of alternate services at the Chapel.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 76 (printed 68) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 61257b0df5e18fcc...), box 0,284 1367x907 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold76-christ-church-1834, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1447", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 69, PDF p. 77 of the hosted copy, the Old Chapel graveyard and the spring gathering", "excerpt": "Here each recurring spring a large number of people gather to place flowers upon the graves of those whom they love as friends and kindred and also upon those of the men who gave their lives for the cause all loved so well.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 77 (printed 69) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 438f712e5e9a36a8...), box 0,153 1367x914 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold77-graveyard-flowers, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1448", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "PDF p. 15 of the hosted copy, printed \"Page Twelve\", the removal of the congregation and the eighteen soldiers", "excerpt": "AFTER the removal of the congregation to Christ Church, Millwood, the history of the \"Old Chapel\" is little more than a record of those who, from time to time, have gone over to the great majority. Eighteen of our soldiers, who gave their lives for the cause of States rights, lie buried here, and memorial services have been held here in every summer since 1866, to keep green the memory of our dead and to decorate their graves with flowers.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 15 (printed Page Twelve) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 37b94db560ee5fb8...), box 0,2229 1921x766 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-oc15-eighteen-soldiers-r1, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1449", "source_id": "S677", "locator": "Printed p. 453, PDF p. 473 of the hosted copy, the burying ground at the old chapel", "excerpt": "The burying ground at the old chapel is sometimes called the Burwell graveyard, not only because the Burwells gave the land upon which it lies, but because many", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 473 (printed 453) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 74ac34b4cb5db4f2...), box 0,104 1775x427 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-lan473-old-chapel-p453-r1, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1450", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 281, PDF p. 295 of the hosted copy, Cunningham Chapel and the Old Chapel", "excerpt": "Cunningham Chapel, which stood near the spot where what has been long called the Old Chapel--near the Burwell burial-ground--still stands.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 295 (printed 281) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2241d4c63de8e8a9...), box 0,1133 1421x1129 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-meade295-cunningham-chapel, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1451", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 289, PDF p. 305 of the hosted copy, alternate services at the old chapel", "excerpt": "Such, however, was the attachment of many to the old chapel that funds for the latter could not be obtained, except on condition of alternate services at the chapel.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 305 (printed 289) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a49e3c50949186f8...), box 0,0 1421x927 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-meade305-alternate-services, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1452", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 289, PDF p. 305 of the hosted copy, the annual pilgrimage and services for the servants", "excerpt": "they are now reduced to an annual pilgrimage, on some summer Sabbath, to this old and much-loved spot, except when services are held for the servants,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 305 (printed 289) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a49e3c50949186f8...), box 0,0 1421x927 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-meade305-alternate-services, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1453", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 76, PDF p. 84 of the hosted copy, \"Berryville Baptist Church,\" the 1772 founding", "excerpt": "In the year 1772 Daniel and William Fristoe, brothers and Baptist preachers from Stafford County, crossed the mountains and commenced preaching in private houses near Battletown, now Berryville, and soon gathered a company of Baptized believers, who were constituted into Buck Marsh church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 84 (printed 76) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0206e0904067a5b1...), box 0,240 1367x1190 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold84-berryville-baptist-1772, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1454", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 76, PDF p. 84 of the hosted copy, \"Berryville Baptist Church,\" Rev. James Ireland", "excerpt": "Rev. James Ireland became the pastor of the church in 1786, and continued to serve the church until his death in 1806.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 84 (printed 76) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0206e0904067a5b1...), box 0,240 1367x1190 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold84-berryville-baptist-1772, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1455", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 77, PDF p. 85 of the hosted copy, the succession of pastors, Monroe and Baker", "excerpt": "Rev. John Monroe, M. D., succeeded Fristoe, and he was followed by Rev. Joseph Baker, who with a short interregnum, remained with the church until 1852.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 85 (printed 77) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 6b9a1a2767c9dcac...), box 0,0 1367x1034 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold85-trap-hill, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1456", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 77, PDF p. 85 of the hosted copy, the succession of pastors, Dodge", "excerpt": "Rev. Henry Dodge, D. D., succeeded Baker", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 85 (printed 77) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 6b9a1a2767c9dcac...), box 0,0 1367x1034 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold85-trap-hill, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1457", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 77, PDF p. 85 of the hosted copy, Trap Hill and the old Buck Marsh church", "excerpt": "His remains lie in the old graveyard at \"Trap Hill\" the site of the old Buck Marsh church near Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 85 (printed 77) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 6b9a1a2767c9dcac...), box 0,0 1367x1034 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold85-trap-hill, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1458", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 77, PDF p. 85 of the hosted copy, the change of name about 1840", "excerpt": "About 1840 the old church building was abandoned, a new and handsome brick building was erected in Berryville, and the name changed from \"Buck Marsh,\" to \"Berryville\". In 1885 another church house was built on a commanding situation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 85 (printed 77) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 6d8ac41f220147f3...), box 0,909 1367x922 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold85-rename-1840, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1459", "source_id": "S675", "locator": "Printed p. 416, PDF p. 420 of the hosted copy, removed to Berryville in 1848", "excerpt": "In 1848 he removed to Berryville, Clarke County, where for seven years he labored successfully as a physician. Now a great change came in his life; the Berryville Church first licensed him and later ordained him to preach.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 420 (printed 416) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 85ccf2e8baa43305...), box 0,558 1134x948 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-bapt4-420-berryville-church-ordained, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1460", "source_id": "S675", "locator": "Printed p. 398, PDF p. 402 of the hosted copy, baptized into the fellowship of the Berryville Church", "excerpt": "In his earlier days he had confessed Christ and been baptized into the fellowship of the Berryville Church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 402 (printed 398) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2a7e2e86a21ac510...), box 0,63 1134x1249 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-bapt4-402-kerfoot-r1, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1461", "source_id": "S676", "locator": "Printed p. 252, PDF p. 254 of the hosted copy, pastor of the Berryville Church", "excerpt": "After this, his life work continued, in what was then the Potomac Association, as pastor of the Berryville Church. Here he remained some five or six years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 254 (printed 252) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 924a663bc0f7e630...), box 0,206 1096x952 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-bapt5-254-berryville-church-pastor, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1462", "source_id": "S676", "locator": "Printed p. 475, PDF p. 477 of the hosted copy, the Berryville church in the Salem Union Association", "excerpt": "This year the Berryville church, which was then in the Salem Union Association, reported 78 baptisms.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 477 (printed 475) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bce334101c8b5502...), box 0,0 1096x1072 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-bapt5-477-berryville-church-dodge, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1463", "source_id": "S676", "locator": "Printed p. 162, PDF p. 164 of the hosted copy, an ordination at Berryville in 1858", "excerpt": "Association, in 1858, at Berryville, Mr. Shepherd was ordained, the presbytery being composed of these ministers: E. Kingsford, H. W. Dcdge [sic], W. F. Broaddus, Dr. Hayes, and the Herndons.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 164 (printed 162) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 9ce1e6c11f2ad3ee...), box 0,104 1096x787 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-bapt5-164-shepherd-r1, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1464", "source_id": "S676", "locator": "Printed p. 162, PDF p. 164 of the hosted copy, the churches served", "excerpt": "the churches served during the remainder of the time being Berryville, Ketocton, Bethel, Rockland, Charles Town, Marshall, Millwood, Waterford, Pleasant Vale, and Front Royal.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 164 (printed 162) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 9ce1e6c11f2ad3ee...), box 0,104 1096x787 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-bapt5-164-shepherd-r1, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1465", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 241, PDF p. 269 of the hosted copy, roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Moore entry", "excerpt": "Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 269 (printed 241) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 703cf81f1d7d8dac...), box 0,666 1367x584 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold269-cav-roll-moore, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1466", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 246, PDF p. 274 of the hosted copy, roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Topper entry", "excerpt": "Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 274 (printed 246) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 fc4b904b3fa5085b...), box 0,187 1367x438 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold274-cav-roll-topper, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1467", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 240, PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy, roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Allen entry", "excerpt": "R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 268 (printed 240) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 c963f9c925418d67...), box 0,354 1367x375 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold268-cav-roll-allen, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1468", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 268, PDF p. 298 of the hosted copy, battle narrative naming Lieut. R. O. Allen", "excerpt": "among them Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, whose attention was attracted to Col. B. F. Davis, of the 8th New York Cavalry, that day in command of the brigade", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 298 (printed 268) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d638317e5b0b9626...), box 0,1250 1367x750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT01-gold298-narrative-allen, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1469", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 316, PDF p. 348 of the hosted copy, the J. E. B. Stuart Camp", "excerpt": "The J. E. B. Stuart Camp, assisted by the Stonewall Chapter, entertained the visiting Camps and all old soldiers and a great many others, providing a bountiful feast.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 348 (printed 316) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only composite of two page crops (sha256 2e270d2d06b717ef...): printed p. 316 box 0,1309,1367,2142 and printed p. 317 box 0,120,1367,349 (left, top, right, bottom, in pixels of the page renders); held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, ties PILOT01R1-pair-camp-allen, PILOT01R1-pair-camp-fuqua, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1470", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 316, PDF p. 348 of the hosted copy, the list of members", "excerpt": "A list of the members of the Camp from its formation is herein given.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 348 (printed 316) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only composite of two page crops (sha256 2e270d2d06b717ef...): printed p. 316 box 0,1309,1367,2142 and printed p. 317 box 0,120,1367,349 (left, top, right, bottom, in pixels of the page renders); held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, ties PILOT01R1-pair-camp-allen, PILOT01R1-pair-camp-fuqua, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1471", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 317, PDF p. 349 of the hosted copy, the member list, R. O. Allen", "excerpt": "R. O. Allen", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 349 (printed 317) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only composite of two page crops (sha256 2e270d2d06b717ef...): printed p. 316 box 0,1309,1367,2142 and printed p. 317 box 0,120,1367,349 (left, top, right, bottom, in pixels of the page renders); held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-pair-camp-allen, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1472", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 317, PDF p. 349 of the hosted copy, the member list, Peter Fuqua", "excerpt": "Peter Fuqua", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 349 (printed 317) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-05; a second reviewer session then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only composite of two page crops (sha256 9f63772a060d8d2b...): printed p. 316 box 0,1309,1367,2142 and printed p. 317 box 0,120,1367,837 (left, top, right, bottom, in pixels of the page renders); held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/verdicts-review-01b.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-01-2026-10-05/evidence-map-revision-01.json, tie PILOT01R1-pair-camp-fuqua, at d9141d8a" } }, { "id": "G1473", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 1, \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE\" (Newspapers.com page image id 1313628357), headline and dateline of the report", "excerpt": "THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE Served In Confederate Army and Held Many Positions of Trust In Native County. (Special to The Star.) BERRYVILLE, Va., Dec. 6.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 dbc25938b1317dd2...), box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206-gold-passes-away, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1474", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 1, \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE\" (Newspapers.com page image id 1313628357), first paragraph, the death", "excerpt": "Hon. Thomas Daniel Gold died at \"Ellwood,\" his ancestral homeplace, in Clarke county, at 8 o'clock on Saturday evening,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 dbc25938b1317dd2...), box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206-gold-passes-away, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1475", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 1, \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE\" (Newspapers.com page image id 1313628357), first paragraph, birth and age", "excerpt": "Mr. Gold was born and reared at \"Ellwood,\" and he spent practically his entire life on that estate. He was born on February 23, 1845, and was in the seventieth year of his age.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 dbc25938b1317dd2...), box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206-gold-passes-away, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1476", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 1, \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE\" (Newspapers.com page image id 1313628357), first paragraph, the survivors (the sentence breaks off at the jump line)", "excerpt": "He is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Frank G. Walter (formerly Miss Lucy Neville Gold), of Chicago, Ill., and Miss Mary Washington Gold, who lives at home, and one son, Mr.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 dbc25938b1317dd2...), box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206-gold-passes-away, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1477", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), opening lines, the son and the wife", "excerpt": "Thomas Gold, of Berryville. Mr. Gold's wife, who was formerly Miss Sarah Helm Barnett, died some years ago. They were married in 1866.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1478", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the enlistment paragraph", "excerpt": "At the age of 16 years he entered the service of the Confederate army, enlisting in Company I, Second Virginia Regiment, which was attached to the Stonewall Brigade. The company was first commanded by Captain Bowen, later by Capt. S. J. C. Moore, and finally by Captain O'Bannon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1479", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the enlistment paragraph, the wound", "excerpt": "During the second battle of Manassas he was desperately wounded, and was for a long time unable to perform military duties.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1480", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the enlistment paragraph, the capture", "excerpt": "Upon recovering, however, returned to his company and was with it in all the engagements in which the command participated until May, 1864, when he was captured and made prisoner at Bloody Angle, near Spottsylvania [sic] Court House.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1481", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the enlistment paragraph, the prisons and the exchange", "excerpt": "He was confined at Point Lookout prison about three months, from which place he was transferred[.] to the military prison at Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until he was exchanged in the spring of 1865.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1482", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the paragraph on his public offices", "excerpt": "He was for many years a member of the board of Supervisors of Clarke county, the representative for four years in the Virginia Senate from this senatorial district, composed of the counties of Clarke, Warren and Page,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1483", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the paragraph on the book", "excerpt": "A little more than a year ago Mr. Gold published a book, containing a history of Clarke county and the part her sons took in the Confederate service during the civil war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1484", "source_id": "S678", "locator": "Page 2, \"Thos. D. Gold Dead (continued from page one)\" (the page prints no folio; placed by the jump lines; Newspapers.com page image id 1313628373), the funeral paragraph", "excerpt": "The funeral of Mr. Gold took place this afternoon from the Baptist Church ,and the services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. Dr. Julian Broaddus. Burial was in Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native page image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5f1e7da237c24b0e...), box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet04.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-04-2026-10-05/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT04-wstar19151206p2-gold-continuation, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1485", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 2 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743225), muster-roll card, name, rank, company and the period of the roll", "excerpt": "Pvt {Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2 Regiment Virginia Infantry.* Age 16 years. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, from Clarke County, for Apr 18 to June 30, 1861.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 859617a63e45bfc7...), box 30,25 635x1540 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f2-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev07.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-07-2026-10-06/ties-revision-07.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R7-cmsr2-muster-enlistment-1861, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1486", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 2 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743225), muster-roll card, the enrolment and muster-in entries", "excerpt": "Occupation Farmer, Enrolled for active service. When Apr 18, 1861. Where Berryville. By whom Capt S. H. Bowen. Mustered into service: When May 13, 1861. Where school House on Hagerstown Road.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 859617a63e45bfc7...), box 30,25 635x1540 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f2-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev07.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-07-2026-10-06/ties-revision-07.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R7-cmsr2-muster-enlistment-1861, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1487", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 2 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743225), muster-roll card, the footnote", "excerpt": "*This company subsequently became Company I, 2d Regiment Virginia Infantry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 859617a63e45bfc7...), box 30,25 635x1540 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f2-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev07.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-07-2026-10-06/ties-revision-07.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R7-cmsr2-muster-enlistment-1861, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1488", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 6 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743243), muster-roll card, name, rank, company and the period of the roll", "excerpt": "Thomas D. Gold, 6[th?] Sgt, Co. I, 2 Reg't Virginia Infantry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Apr 30 to Oct 31, 1862. dated Oct 31. 1862, Enlisted: When Apr 18, 1861. Where Berryville. By whom Capt S. H. Bowen. Period 1 Year.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 79e8bb7e41f93c93...), box 30,30 635x1535 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-06-2026-10-06/ties-revision-06.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R6-cmsr6-muster-sergeant-1862, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1489", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 6 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743243), muster-roll card, the remarks entry", "excerpt": "Remarks: Appointed Aug 1 1862 in place of Barr,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 79e8bb7e41f93c93...), box 30,30 635x1535 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-06-2026-10-06/ties-revision-06.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R6-cmsr6-muster-sergeant-1862, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1490", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 23 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743316), typed abstract card from a report of the Manassas battles", "excerpt": "Thos. Gold , Co. I , 2 Reg't., Va. Inf. Appears on a REPORT of operations and casualties, of the 2d Reg't. Va. Inf., in the battles of Manassas, Va., Aug. 27 to 30, 1862. Report dated Jan. 14 , 1863. Remarks: Wounded. Series 1, Vol. 12, part 2, page 660.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-e) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 88e45c8f2e1af852...), box 20,10 640x1580 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-e-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-e-packet05.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT05-cmsr23-manassas-casualty-report, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1491", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 21 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743308), parole card, name, company and the parole entries", "excerpt": "Thos D. Gould, [+ mark above the surname] Sgt, Co. I. 2d Regt. Va, Name appears as signature to a Parole of Prisoners of War sent from Elmira, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1865, to James River for Exchange. Parole dated not dated, 186 . Where captured Spottsylvania When captured May 1[2], 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 948649f78a4fb6bc...), box 35,25 630x1540 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f2-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev07.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-07-2026-10-06/ties-revision-07.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R7-cmsr21-parole-card-elmira, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1492", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 29 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743343), oath of parole, headquarters, date and the oath", "excerpt": "HEAD QUARTERS MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION, OFFICE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL. WINCHESTER VA. April 21st 1865. I T. D. Gold. of Co. I. 2d Va Inf C. S. Army, do hereby give this my parole of Honor, that I will not take up arms against [the] United States Government until I am regularly exchanged.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 e033899eb34816b3...), box 15,25 975x1535 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-06-2026-10-06/ties-revision-06.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R6-cmsr29-oath-parole-winchester-1865, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1493", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 29 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743343), oath of parole, the description, the jurat and the margin note", "excerpt": "DESCRIPTION: AGE 20 HEIGHT 5 - 8 COMPLEXION Light HAIR Dark EYES Hazel Sworn to and subscribed be [sic] before me, this 21st day of April 1865. [signature] PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL. [margin, other hand:] Nr Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 e033899eb34816b3...), box 15,25 975x1535 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-06-2026-10-06/ties-revision-06.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R6-cmsr29-oath-parole-winchester-1865, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1494", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 1 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743219), file jacket, the heading lines", "excerpt": "Gold. Thomas. D. Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y. (CONFEDERATE.) Private Sergeant CARD NUMBERS.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the paper or the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 35081c33b2d39d6d...), box 712,0 710x1590 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-06-2026-10-06/ties-revision-06.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R6-cmsr1-jacket, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1495", "source_id": "S679", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 375, Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, image 27 of 31 (Fold3 image id 9743335), hospital-register card, name, rank, company, hospital and dates", "excerpt": "Thomas D. Gold Sgt. Co. I. 2d Regt. Va. Cav. [sic] Capt. O'Bannon Appears on a Register of C. S. A. General Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia. Disease: Primary Fe[b/v]. Typh[d] Secondary [blank] Admitted Oct. 22. , 1863. Returned to duty Jan. 13. , 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved native card image, cropped to the passage, by the Researcher session; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-f) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-05. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 384fddd416fca331...), box 25,25 625x1550 pixels of the saved page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-f3-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-f-rev08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-08-2026-10-06/ties-revision-08.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-05-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, tie PILOT-R8-cmsr27-hospital-card-charlottesville, at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1496", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 238, PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy, opening of chapter XXV, \"The Clarke Cavalry\"", "excerpt": "CHAPTER XXV THE CLARKE CAVALRY AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bc6009e4c81fb737...), box 100,380 1150x1620 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold238-chapter-opening, PILOT06-moore-gold238-chapter-opening, PILOT06-topper-gold238-chapter-opening (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1497", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 238, PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy, chapter XXV, the sentences on who made up the troop", "excerpt": "It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county. It was a crack corps, and many men from adjoining and distant counties of the State and from other states enlisted in it,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bc6009e4c81fb737...), box 100,380 1150x1620 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold238-chapter-opening, PILOT06-moore-gold238-chapter-opening, PILOT06-topper-gold238-chapter-opening (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1498", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Unnumbered portrait plate between printed pp. 238 and 239, PDF p. 265 of the hosted copy, caption of the portrait of D. T. Richards", "excerpt": "D. T. RICHARDS CAPTAIN, \"CLARKE CAVALRY,\" (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY[)] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 265 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-h) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself. The caption print is faint and broken in places; the closing parenthesis after the first \"CAVALRY\" is only a faint smudge and is marked [)]; the company letter reads D.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 e46eb1d04b47a0e0...), box 40,1790 1260x190 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-h-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-h-rev09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-09-2026-10-06/ties-revision-09.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties (revision 09 rows, which supersede the packet 06 plate rows) PILOT-R9-allen-goldplate-captain-caption, PILOT-R9-moore-goldplate-captain-caption, PILOT-R9-topper-goldplate-captain-caption (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1499", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 239, PDF p. 267 of the hosted copy, introduction to the roster of the Clarke Cavalry", "excerpt": "The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861–65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 267 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2f9f9a0a02334456...), box 60,150 1220x1860 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold239-roster-heading, PILOT06-moore-gold239-roster-heading, PILOT06-topper-gold239-roster-heading (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1500", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 240, PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy, the Allen entry among the officers and the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\"", "excerpt": "R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. C. George Shumate, 3rd Lieut., wounded at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864, and killed in action near Berry's Ferry, July, 1864. ENLISTED MEN", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d337eb36c1bacfb8...), box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold240-enlisted-men-heading, PILOT06-moore-gold240-enlisted-men-heading, PILOT06-topper-gold240-enlisted-men-heading (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1501", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 240, PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy, the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\" that begins the alphabetical list", "excerpt": "killed in action near Berry's Ferry, July, 1864. ENLISTED MEN Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d337eb36c1bacfb8...), box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold240-enlisted-men-heading, PILOT06-moore-gold240-enlisted-men-heading, PILOT06-topper-gold240-enlisted-men-heading (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1502", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 246, PDF p. 274 of the hosted copy, end of the roster of the Clarke Cavalry", "excerpt": "The foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 274 of the hosted copy of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-06; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-06-g) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-06. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f9eee368a2f95985...), box 130,1198 1150x450 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-g-2026-10-06/verdicts-review-g-packet06.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/ties.csv, research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-06-2026-10-06/evidence-map.json, ties PILOT06-allen-gold246-roll-close, PILOT06-moore-gold246-roll-close, PILOT06-topper-gold246-roll-close (one image and passage tied once per man), at the head of the tranche pull request" } }, { "id": "G1503", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 430, PDF p. 431 of the hosted copy, the heading and first sentence of the sketch headed EDMUND PENDLETON", "excerpt": "EDMUND PENDLETON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; LIEUTENANT, CO. \"C,\" 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. Edmund Pendleton was born at Fairfield, Clarke County, Virginia, October 4, 1843.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 431 (printed 430) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 776de1b6cc53b0fc...), box 100,760 860x790 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi430-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1504", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 430, PDF p. 431 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch naming his brother", "excerpt": "he connected himself temporarily with Ashby's Cavalry, and served with them until the return of his brother, Captain John R. Pendleton, from Fort Delaware", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 431 (printed 430) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 776de1b6cc53b0fc...), box 100,760 860x790 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi430-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1505", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 431, PDF p. 432 of the hosted copy, the Jack's Shop paragraph of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton", "excerpt": "At the severe engagement of Jack's Shop, he led the brigade sharpshooters, opening the attack upon the enemy.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 432 (printed 431) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 672e2de3e69c4a95...), box 20,1015 840x475 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi431-jacks-shop, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1506", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 431, PDF p. 432 of the hosted copy, the last sentence of the page, on the spring of 1864", "excerpt": "In the spring of 1864 Lieutenant Pendleton went with General Rosser's command to Orange County, then to Spott-", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 432 (printed 431) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 672e2de3e69c4a95...), box 20,1015 840x475 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi431-jacks-shop, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1507", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 432, PDF p. 433 of the hosted copy, the end of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton, the sentence on his death", "excerpt": "sylvania, and was killed at the head of his company on the 6th of May, while urging his comrades to charge.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 433 (printed 432) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 39c71f3cef828c5e...), box 100,195 860x905 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi432-death-rosser, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1508", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 432, PDF p. 433 of the hosted copy, the end of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton, the quoted letter of General Rosser", "excerpt": "on the 6th of May, 1864, he fell in the battle of the Wilderness, while nobly fighting at the head of his regiment.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 433 (printed 432) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 39c71f3cef828c5e...), box 100,195 860x905 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-vmi432-death-rosser, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1509", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 309, PDF p. 341 of the hosted copy, the list headed 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, CO. C", "excerpt": "11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY / CO. C / Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton | Lieut. Edmond Pendleton, / [blank] | killed at Jack's Shop, / Warner T. Gray | fall of 1863.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 341 (printed 309) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2806f4fe2a3bbbfd...), box 50,345 800x355 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-gold309-11th-cav-co-c, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1510", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 314, PDF p. 346 of the hosted copy, the dedication heading of the monument inscription", "excerpt": "ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SONS OF CLARKE who gave their lives in defense of the RIGHTS OF THE STATES and of Constitutional Government Fortune denied them success But they achieved IMPERISHABLE FAME", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 346 (printed 314) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 767879024341d062...), box 100,190 730x560 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-pendleton-gold314-monument-heading, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1511", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 315, PDF p. 347 of the hosted copy, the NORTH side, OTHER COMMANDS, first four names", "excerpt": "NORTH / OTHER COMMANDS / MAJ. H. M. NELSON / SURG. W. HAY / LIEUT. R. P. BURWELL / LIEUT. E. PENDLETON", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 347 (printed 315) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 40c280066f789a66...), box 70,1100 770x230 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-pendleton-gold315-north-e-pendleton, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1512", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 518, PDF p. 519 of the hosted copy, the heading and first sentence of the sketch headed JAMES W. THOMSON", "excerpt": "JAMES W. THOMSON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; MAJOR, HORSE ARTILLERY, ROSSER'S DIVISION, A. N. V. James W. Thomson was born at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 28th of October, 1843.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 519 (printed 518) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 240da7e8982fbcb1...), box 100,570 830x915 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi518-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1513", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 518, PDF p. 519 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his election in 1861 and his command in 1864", "excerpt": "In the fall of 1861 he was elected second lieutenant of \"Chew's Battery\" of Horse Artillery, and in February, 1864, succeeded to the command of the company.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 519 (printed 518) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 240da7e8982fbcb1...), box 100,570 830x915 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi518-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1514", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 518, PDF p. 519 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his promotion to major", "excerpt": "During the[,] same year, he was promoted, and commanded, with the rank of major, a battalion of horse artillery attached to Rosser's Cavalry Division until his death.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 519 (printed 518) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 240da7e8982fbcb1...), box 100,570 830x915 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi518-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1515", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 519, PDF p. 520 of the hosted copy, the end of the sketch of James W. Thomson, the sentence on the wound and the killing", "excerpt": "It was while leading charges of this kind that he was wounded in the arm, on the 5th of April, 1865, and on the day following was killed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 520 (printed 519) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 616027b7cf6f636e...), box 40,155 840x820 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi519-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1516", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 519, PDF p. 520 of the hosted copy, the end of the sketch of James W. Thomson, the sentence on the fight near Farmville", "excerpt": "A gallant attack was made on this day by General Rosser upon a brigade of Federal infantry, which had succeeded in gaining the front of Lee's army, near Farmville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 520 (printed 519) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 616027b7cf6f636e...), box 40,155 840x820 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi519-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1517", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 519, PDF p. 520 of the hosted copy, the end of the sketch of James W. Thomson, the signature", "excerpt": "Colonel R. Preston Chew.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 520 (printed 519) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 616027b7cf6f636e...), box 40,155 840x820 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-thomson-vmi519-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1518", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 33, PDF p. 34 of the hosted copy, the heading and first sentence of the sketch headed JAMES L. ASHBY", "excerpt": "JAMES L. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. \"D,\" 6TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. James L. Ashby, son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born in Clarke County, Virginia, on 6th of November, 1831.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 34 (printed 33) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 4adec3e032438d78...), box 15,600 840x920 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jl-vmi33-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1519", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 33, PDF p. 34 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his return from the West and the milling business", "excerpt": "he returned to his native State, and went into the milling business in Warren County, where he remained pursuing his quiet avocation until the breaking out of the war in 1861.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 34 (printed 33) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 4adec3e032438d78...), box 15,600 840x920 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jl-vmi33-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1520", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 34, PDF p. 35 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his joining the Clarke Cavalry", "excerpt": "On the 12th of March, 1862, the need of drill-masters no longer existing, he joined the \"Clarke Cavalry,\" Co. \"D,\" 6th Virginia Regiment, as a private", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 35 (printed 34) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a44bcb0f947077a0...), box 90,160 820x800 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jl-vmi34-trevyllian, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1521", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 34, PDF p. 35 of the hosted copy, the sentences of the sketch on June 11, 1864", "excerpt": "participated in every battle in which it was engaged, until June 11, 1864. On that day Co. \"D\" was ordered to charge and take a battery of the Federal forces, near Trevyllian Station, Virginia;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 35 (printed 34) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a44bcb0f947077a0...), box 90,160 820x800 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jl-vmi34-trevyllian, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1522", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 34, PDF p. 35 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his death", "excerpt": "James Ashby fell dead, shot through the head with a bullet.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 35 (printed 34) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a44bcb0f947077a0...), box 90,160 820x800 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jl-vmi34-trevyllian, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1523", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 238, PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy, opening of chapter XXV, \"The Clarke Cavalry\"", "excerpt": "CHAPTER XXV THE CLARKE CAVALRY AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 264 (printed 238) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0b40e18598837360...), box 90,280 740x445 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold238-chapter-heading, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1524", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 238, PDF p. 264 of the hosted copy, chapter XXV, the sentences on who made up the troop", "excerpt": "It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county. It was a crack corps, and many men from adjoining and distant counties of the State and from other states enlisted in it,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 264 (printed 238) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0b40e18598837360...), box 90,280 740x445 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold238-chapter-heading, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1525", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 239, PDF p. 267 of the hosted copy, introduction to the roster of the Clarke Cavalry", "excerpt": "The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861-65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 267 (printed 239) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 3603645a91283750...), box 50,545 800x115 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold239-roster-lead-in, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1526", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 240, PDF p. 268 of the hosted copy, the subheading \"ENLISTED MEN\" and the first entry of the list", "excerpt": "ENLISTED MEN / Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 268 (printed 240) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 9c922a3ea59aaec5...), box 90,490 760x230 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold240-enlisted-men, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1527", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 309, PDF p. 341 of the hosted copy, the list headed CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA", "excerpt": "CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA / Buckner Ashby | Lewis Ashby / Russell Ashby | Abner Ferguson / J. Ship Mitchel", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 341 (printed 309) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 40cf5afbeb21a94f...), box 50,870 800x150 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold309-co-i-12th-va, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1528", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 315, PDF p. 347 of the hosted copy, the SOUTH SIDE, Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry, heading and first names", "excerpt": "SOUTH SIDE / Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry / LIEUT. D. H. ALLEN / LIEUT. C. G. SHUMATE / SERGT. W. B. MOORE / L. Ashby | J. Bell", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 347 (printed 315) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 66a53a20ef072dff...), box 70,460 770x270 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-lewis-gold315-south-side-l-ashby, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1529", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 34, PDF p. 35 of the hosted copy, the heading and first sentence of the sketch headed JOHN W. ASHBY", "excerpt": "JOHN W. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. \"I,\" 12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. John W. Ashby, second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born near White Post, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 15th of December, 1833.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 35 (printed 34) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a8872c3a8f90630b...), box 90,1000 820x560 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet08.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-08-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT08-ashby-jw-vmi34-heading-birth, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1530", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 35, PDF p. 36 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his first company", "excerpt": "In the fall of 1861 he volunteered as a private in Co. \"A,\" 7th Virginia Cavalry, the celebrated \"Black Horse Cavalry,\" commanded by the gallant Turner Ashby", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 36 (printed 35) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef447fb2798e2c9e...), box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-vmi35-service-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1531", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 35, PDF p. 36 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on his second company", "excerpt": "until the reorganization of the army in 1862, when he joined Co. \"I,\" 12th Virginia Cavalry, a company organized in Warren County, in the neighborhood where he resided before the war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 36 (printed 35) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef447fb2798e2c9e...), box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-vmi35-service-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1532", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 35, PDF p. 36 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on April 6, 1865", "excerpt": "On the 6th of April, 1865, just three days before the grand old army of Northern Virginia breathed her last at Appomattox Court-House, he rejoined his regiment.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 36 (printed 35) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef447fb2798e2c9e...), box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-vmi35-service-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1533", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 35, PDF p. 36 of the hosted copy, the sentence of the sketch on the morning of the 9th", "excerpt": "On the morning of the 9th, just two hours before the catastrophe, he was struck in the stomach by a fragment of a shell, producing such severe wounds that death quickly ensued.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 36 (printed 35) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef447fb2798e2c9e...), box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-vmi35-service-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1534", "source_id": "S680", "locator": "Printed p. 35, PDF p. 36 of the hosted copy, the last sentence of the sketch", "excerpt": "James L. Ashby, at Trevyllian, John W. Ashby, at Appomattox, two brave soldier-brothers in life, in death not long divided.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 36 (printed 35) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef447fb2798e2c9e...), box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-vmi35-service-death, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1535", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 316, PDF p. 348 of the hosted copy, the end of the NORTH side name list and the sentences after it", "excerpt": "Surg. Chas. McCormick / J. W. Ashby / The address was delivered by Hon. James Marshall, himself an old soldier. The monument was unveiled by Miss Mary Washington Gold, president of the Stonewall Chapter.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 200 dpi render of PDF p. 348 (printed 316) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 8d2375d369f6e8be...), box 70,190 770x720 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-ashby-jw-gold316-j-w-ashby, at a01bc150" } }, { "id": "G1536", "source_id": "S681", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the project's private copy of the volume, the Clarke County entry, the first church line under Sec. III", "excerpt": "Sec. III—Virginia Churches in War Time. Cunning [sic] Chapel Parish; Questionnaire.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the privately held digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the volume, not the volume itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 faa11266c0fcf965...), box 120,700 1240x310 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-cunningham-vamag29-pdf82-sec3-churches, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1537", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 61, PDF p. 69 of the hosted copy, the last three lines of the page", "excerpt": "There is no record of the exact time the old log house (known as Cunningham Chapel) was built.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 69 (printed 61) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 26c1da25b216f406...), box 60,1836 1247x154 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf69-log-house-cunningham-chapel, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1538", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 65, PDF p. 73 of the hosted copy, the lower part of the page, on the parish name adopted in 1866", "excerpt": "It was in 1866 that the name of Cunningham Chapel parish was adopted for this parish. (See Dashiel's Digest for foregoing statements.) This is clearly a mis-", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 73 (printed 65) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 62fafe379d5d2df6...), box 60,1244 1247x796 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf73-name-adopted-1866, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1539", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 66, PDF p. 74 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, the sentences completing \"misnomer\"", "excerpt": "nomer. That had never been the name, as is stated in vestry book for the year 1866.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 74 (printed 66) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 cb9706efa8b18c1a...), box 60,290 1247x1527 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf74-misnomer-and-site, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1540", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 66, PDF p. 74 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, the sentences on the parish never being cut off", "excerpt": "This parish has never been so cut off, and remains what is left of the original Frederick parish.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 74 (printed 66) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 cb9706efa8b18c1a...), box 60,290 1247x1527 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf74-misnomer-and-site, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1541", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 66, PDF p. 74 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the 1787 plan, the Burwell gift and the order of 1790", "excerpt": "where Cunningham Chapel stood. The land having come into the possession of Col. Nathaniel Burwell the same two acres for a church burying ground, which were offered by Col. Hugh Nelson before the war, were given by Colonel Burwell, and the present stone chapel ordered to be built in 1790.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 74 (printed 66) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 cb9706efa8b18c1a...), box 60,290 1247x1527 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf74-misnomer-and-site, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1542", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 66, PDF p. 74 of the hosted copy, the sentence on the old log building", "excerpt": "The old log building, which has been spoken of, stood a few paces south of the present building, near the north corner of the stone enclosure nearest this house.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 74 (printed 66) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 cb9706efa8b18c1a...), box 60,290 1247x1527 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-gold-pdf74-misnomer-and-site, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1543", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 67, PDF p. 75 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the vestry of September 25, 1803", "excerpt": "At a meeting on the 25th of September, 1803, the members of the vestry reported present are Richard Kidder Meade, Nathaniel Burwell, Thomas T. Byrd, John Page, Robert Page, Robert Carter Burwell, John Smith and Philip Nelson; John Page and Robert Page, wardens.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 75 (printed 67) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 089e779003763fe7...), box 60,300 1247x962 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-cunningham-gold-pdf75-vestry-for-cunningham-chapel, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1544", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 67, PDF p. 75 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the sentence ending the paragraph", "excerpt": "we may fairly assume that this was a vestry for Cunningham Chapel, distinct from any other church or chapel.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 75 (printed 67) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 089e779003763fe7...), box 60,300 1247x962 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-cunningham-gold-pdf75-vestry-for-cunningham-chapel, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1545", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 288, PDF p. 302 of the hosted copy, from \"Having thus spoken\" to the foot of the page, the sentences on Cunningham's Chapel and the gift of land", "excerpt": "where that called Cunningham's Chapel stood. The land having now come into possession of Colonel Nathaniel Burwell, the same two acres for a church and burying-ground, which were offered by Colonel Hugh Nelson before the war, were now given by Colonel Burwell,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 302 (printed 288) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 8c97dbe2dd620b24...), box 40,222 1340x2018 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-meade-pdf302-meade-p288-cunninghams-chapel, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1546", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 288, PDF p. 302 of the hosted copy, from \"Having thus spoken\" to the foot of the page, the words on the stone chapel ordered in 1790", "excerpt": "and the present stone chapel ordered to be built in 1790.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 302 (printed 288) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 8c97dbe2dd620b24...), box 40,222 1340x2018 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-cunningham-meade-pdf302-meade-p288-cunninghams-chapel, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1547", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "Printed p. 64, PDF p. 67 of the hosted copy, the entry for Rev. Joseph Ravenscroft Jones", "excerpt": "REV. JOSEPH RAVENSCROFT JONES. Born June 11, 1828. For thirty years a minister of the Episcopal Church in Virginia, and Rector of Cunningham Chapel Parish from 1858 to 1881.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 67 (printed 64) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d950ec15727e780a...), box 120,1295 1660x290 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-cunningham-oc-pdf67-rector-of-cunningham-chapel-parish, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1548", "source_id": "S681", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the project's private copy of the volume, the Clarke County entry, the fourth church line under Sec. III", "excerpt": "Millwood Prot. Epis. Church; Quest.; by B. D. Chambers.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the privately held digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the volume, not the volume itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 faa11266c0fcf965...), box 120,700 1240x310 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-christchurch-vamag29-pdf82-sec3-churches, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1549", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 64, PDF p. 72 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the sentences on Bishop Meade giving up the charge and the vestry call of 1835", "excerpt": "He gave up the charge of this church a year after Christ Church, Millwood, was built. In 1835 the vestry called the Rev. Horace Stringfellow.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 72 (printed 64) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0af8c6258604b7e2...), box 60,310 1247x1302 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf72-bishop-gave-up-charge-rectors-to-1881, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1550", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 64, PDF p. 72 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the sentences on the call of 1858", "excerpt": "On the 9th of August, 1858, Rev. Joseph R. Jones accepted a call by the vestry to the Rectorship of the parish. He continued in charge until April 18th, 1881, when his resignation was tendered to the vestry and accepted.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 72 (printed 64) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0af8c6258604b7e2...), box 60,310 1247x1302 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf72-bishop-gave-up-charge-rectors-to-1881, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1551", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 64, PDF p. 72 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the sentence on the present rector in 1881", "excerpt": "Our present Rector, Rev. C. B. Bryan, having accepted a call to this parish preached his first sermon here on the first Sunday in August, 1881.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 72 (printed 64) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0af8c6258604b7e2...), box 60,310 1247x1302 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf72-bishop-gave-up-charge-rectors-to-1881, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1552", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 67, PDF p. 75 of the hosted copy, the lower part of the page, the 1832 vestry minute", "excerpt": "In the record for the year 1832, I find in our vestry book this minute: \"About this time the connection ceased between the Millwood—or Old Chapel—congregation and the Berryville and Wickliffe congregations.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 75 (printed 67) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f8fbd8d5847b4ac6...), box 60,1261 1247x834 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf75-christ-church-built-1834, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1553", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 67, PDF p. 75 of the hosted copy, the lower part of the page, the sentences on the building of Christ Church in 1834", "excerpt": "Christ Church, Millwood, was built in the year 1834. The lot of two acres on which it stands was given for the purpose of building the church by Mr. George Burwell, of Carter Hall, who was always liberal and generous in his donations to the church and to all benevolent objects.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 75 (printed 67) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f8fbd8d5847b4ac6...), box 60,1261 1247x834 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf75-christ-church-built-1834, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1554", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 68, PDF p. 76 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, the deed sentence", "excerpt": "trustees of the church is dated April 18, 1832.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 76 (printed 68) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f3dc27e154d2f816...), box 60,330 1247x1508 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf76-deed-1832-meade-1834-removal, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1555", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 68, PDF p. 76 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, Gold's version of Bishop Meade on the 1834 decision", "excerpt": "In the year 1834 it was found that the Old Chapel was too small and inconvenient for the increasing congregation, and it was therefore determined to erect another and larger one in a more central and convenient place in the vicinity of Millwood, on ground given by Mr. George Burwell, of Carter Hall.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 76 (printed 68) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f3dc27e154d2f816...), box 60,330 1247x1508 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf76-deed-1832-meade-1834-removal, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1556", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 68, PDF p. 76 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, the sentence on the removal of the congregation", "excerpt": "After the removal of the congregation to Christ Church, Millwood, the history of the \"Old Chapel\" is little more than a record of those who, from time to time, have gone over to the great majority.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 76 (printed 68) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f3dc27e154d2f816...), box 60,330 1247x1508 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-gold-pdf76-deed-1832-meade-1834-removal, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1557", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "Printed p. 51, PDF p. 54 of the hosted copy, the whole text above the next entry, the sentence on the gift of land", "excerpt": "He gave the land upon which Christ Church, Millwood, now stands, and contributed largely to all good objects within the Parish and out of it", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 54 (printed 51) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 22bdf455e3141960...), box 30,185 1620x985 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-oc-pdf54-donor-gave-land-for-christ-church, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1558", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "Printed p. 51, PDF p. 54 of the hosted copy, the whole text above the next entry, the closing sentence", "excerpt": "His death took place at \"Carter Hall\" on October 5, 1873.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 54 (printed 51) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 22bdf455e3141960...), box 30,185 1620x985 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-oc-pdf54-donor-gave-land-for-christ-church, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1559", "source_id": "S427", "locator": "Printed p. 60, PDF p. 63 of the hosted copy, the entry for Isabel Stewart Bryan", "excerpt": "ISABEL STEWART BRYAN, infant of Rev. C. Braxton and Mary S. C. Bryan. Born June 18, 1888. Died at Christ Church Rectory, Millwood, December 18, 1888.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 63 (printed 60) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 12e16db25f890c06...), box 110,1578 1660x195 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-christchurch-oc-pdf63-christ-church-rectory-1888, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1560", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 134, PDF p. 140 of the hosted copy, the tail of the paragraph on the Wycomico communion plate, the sentence on the vessels now used at Millwood", "excerpt": "The vessels are now used in the congregation and church at Millwood, in Clarke county, and the condition of their loan is recorded in the vestry-book of the parish.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 140 (printed 134) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 3f908fa3bd242509...), box 40,135 1340x735 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-meade-pdf140-meade-vessels-church-at-millwood, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1561", "source_id": "S674", "locator": "Printed p. 134, PDF p. 140 of the hosted copy, the tail of the paragraph on the Wycomico communion plate, the closing sentence", "excerpt": "The following inscription will also show that its date and use were far anterior to the establishment of old Frederick parish, out of which the parish about Millwood has been carved.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 140 (printed 134) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 3f908fa3bd242509...), box 40,135 1340x735 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-christchurch-meade-pdf140-meade-vessels-church-at-millwood, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1562", "source_id": "S681", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the project's private copy of the volume, the Clarke County entry, the second church line under Sec. III", "excerpt": "Berryville M. E. Church; Report; 3 pp.; by W. H. Ballinger.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the privately held digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-j) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the volume, not the volume itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 faa11266c0fcf965...), box 120,700 1240x310 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-j-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-j-packet09.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-09-2026-10-07/ties.csv, tie PILOT09-berrymeth-vamag29-pdf82-sec3-churches, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1563", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 72, PDF p. 80 of the hosted copy, chapter IX, the heading and first sentence", "excerpt": "CHAPTER IX. / THE METHODIST DENOMINATION / THE Methodist denomination in the County of Clarke owes its foundation to Rev. Mr. Gaver, the great-grand father of Mr. Jas. W. Gaver, of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 80 (printed 72) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5c4c5f80fec3c7d7...), box 60,455 1247x1470 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf80-methodist-foundation-first-building, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1564", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 72, PDF p. 80 of the hosted copy, chapter IX, the sentences on the old Academy and the first building", "excerpt": "For some years the early Methodists preached in the old Academy. The writer has been unable to discover when their first building was erected, probably between 1840 and 1850.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 80 (printed 72) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5c4c5f80fec3c7d7...), box 60,455 1247x1470 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf80-methodist-foundation-first-building, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1565", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 72, PDF p. 80 of the hosted copy, chapter IX, the sentence on the years before the war", "excerpt": "During the years prior to the war, the church in Berryville was quite strong and had many fine preachers to fill its pulpits.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 80 (printed 72) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 5c4c5f80fec3c7d7...), box 60,455 1247x1470 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf80-methodist-foundation-first-building, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1566", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 73, PDF p. 81 of the hosted copy, the sentence on the new church", "excerpt": "Some years ago the congregation at Berryville built a new and handsome church at which they have preaching every Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 81 (printed 73) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a4b59ba2c25d7346...), box 60,280 1247x1800 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf81-new-church-and-conference-split, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1567", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 73, PDF p. 81 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the division of the Baltimore Conference", "excerpt": "The Baltimore Conference, to which this charge belonged, was divided by the war into North and South. At the close of the War the church here had as its pastor the Rev. Wm. Hedges, a godly man and able minister.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 81 (printed 73) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a4b59ba2c25d7346...), box 60,280 1247x1800 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf81-new-church-and-conference-split, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1568", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the first sentences of the account of the contest", "excerpt": "Church. Mr. Hedges and Mr. Lanahan were both in the pulpit, both ready to preach.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 4e60cd2f53f84238...), box 60,310 1247x1215 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf82-hedges-lanahan-contest, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1569", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the hosted copy, the upper part of the page, the closing sentences of the Methodist account", "excerpt": "The matter was later worked out in the Courts and our people kept their church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 4e60cd2f53f84238...), box 60,310 1247x1215 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrymeth-gold-pdf82-hedges-lanahan-contest, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1570", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 70, PDF p. 78 of the hosted copy, from the heading BERRYVILLE EPISCOPAL, the first sentence", "excerpt": "BERRYVILLE EPISCOPAL This parish was originally within the limits of the cure administered by the Rev. Mr. Balmaine.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 78 (printed 70) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bf4c2072949f34b3...), box 60,480 1247x1610 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf78-berryville-episcopal-1830s, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1571", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 70, PDF p. 78 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the old stone academy and the first church building", "excerpt": "The Berryville congregation had been worshiping in the old stone academy in the village, but under Mr. Rice's rectorship a church building was completed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 78 (printed 70) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bf4c2072949f34b3...), box 60,480 1247x1610 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf78-berryville-episcopal-1830s, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1572", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 70, PDF p. 78 of the hosted copy, the sentence on a union church and Bishop Meade's advice", "excerpt": "The intention of the people, was at first to make the building a union church, but by the advice of Bishop Meade, it was erected for the sole use of the Episcopalians.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 78 (printed 70) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bf4c2072949f34b3...), box 60,480 1247x1610 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf78-berryville-episcopal-1830s, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1573", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 70, PDF p. 78 of the hosted copy, the last line of the page, the first words of the sentence on Grace Church in 1848", "excerpt": "and in 1848 Grace Church, in Berry-", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 78 (printed 70) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 bf4c2072949f34b3...), box 60,480 1247x1610 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf78-berryville-episcopal-1830s, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1574", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 71, PDF p. 79 of the hosted copy, the top of the page, the words completing the sentence on Grace Church in 1848", "excerpt": "ville, was improved by the addition of galleries, and otherwise repaired and enlarged, at an expense of $800.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 79 (printed 71) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 86b8bc6622d9c986...), box 60,290 1247x1760 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf79-grace-consecrated-1857, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1575", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 71, PDF p. 79 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the new church of 1856-57", "excerpt": "In 1854 Mr. Whittle urged the Berryville people to erect a new church, and his efforts resulted in the present edifice. Work on the new building was commenced in 1856 and completed in August, 1857.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 79 (printed 71) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 86b8bc6622d9c986...), box 60,290 1247x1760 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf79-grace-consecrated-1857, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1576", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 71, PDF p. 79 of the hosted copy, the sentence on the consecration", "excerpt": "It was consecrated on August 29, by Bishop Meade, the sermon being preached by Rev. R. T. Davis, of Martinsburg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 79 (printed 71) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 86b8bc6622d9c986...), box 60,290 1247x1760 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf79-grace-consecrated-1857, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1577", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 71, PDF p. 79 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the war and on the transept of 1883", "excerpt": "Mr. Suter was here during the trying period of the war, and through his instrumentality the church several times was saved from being burned by the Federal army.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 79 (printed 71) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 86b8bc6622d9c986...), box 60,290 1247x1760 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf79-grace-consecrated-1857, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1578", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 71, PDF p. 79 of the hosted copy, the sentence on the renovation of 1883", "excerpt": "In 1883 the church was renovated, and enlarged by the addition of a transept, at an expense of $4,000.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 79 (printed 71) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 86b8bc6622d9c986...), box 60,290 1247x1760 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-grace-gold-pdf79-grace-consecrated-1857, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1579", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 74, PDF p. 82 of the hosted copy, the lower part of the page, the heading and the organization", "excerpt": "THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BERRYVILLE Was organized by a commission of the Winchester Presbytery, June 10th, 1854. There were only eleven members at the organization.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 82 (printed 74) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 45f093b53d4e50b5...), box 60,1525 1247x500 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrypres-gold-pdf82-presbyterian-organized-1854, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1580", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the sentences on the first pastor", "excerpt": "Rev. Chas. White was the first pastor, by his efforts the church building was not injured by the U. S. troops during the war. He remained as pastor until 1875.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrypres-gold-pdf83-presbyterian-first-pastor-and-stones, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1581", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the last sentence of the page, on the shared pastor", "excerpt": "The Berryville, Stone's Chapel and Clearbrook churches unite in supporting a pastor.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-berrypres-gold-pdf83-presbyterian-first-pastor-and-stones, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1582", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the paragraph on Stone's Chapel, the first sentences", "excerpt": "At Stone's Chapel, about six miles from Berryville, is another Presbyterian church, served by the same pastor. Stone's Chapel was named it is supposed for the man who gave the land upon which it is built.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-stones-gold-pdf83-stones-chapel-lutheran-presbyterian, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1583", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the paragraph on Stone's Chapel, the sentence on the Lutheran and Presbyterian denominations", "excerpt": "It was built for the use of the Lutheran and Presbyterian denominations and is still so held, but the Lutheran's who many years ago predominated, have almost disappeared.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-stones-gold-pdf83-stones-chapel-lutheran-presbyterian, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1584", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the paragraph on Stone's Chapel, the sentence on the first building and 1786", "excerpt": "The first building at Stone's was one among the first church buildings ever put up in the county, dating back to before the Revolutionary War, or immediately after, as there is record of preaching there in 1786.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-stones-gold-pdf83-stones-chapel-lutheran-presbyterian, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1585", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 75, PDF p. 83 of the hosted copy, the paragraph on Stone's Chapel, the sentence on the present building", "excerpt": "The present building is probably the third to be built.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 83 (printed 75) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2891b240c57fa9e3...), box 60,290 1247x1750 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-stones-gold-pdf83-stones-chapel-lutheran-presbyterian, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1586", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 78, PDF p. 86 of the hosted copy, the entry headed BETHEL BAPTIST, the organization", "excerpt": "BETHEL BAPTIST Bethel Church was organized in the year 1808, with 13 members, most of them from the \"Buck Marsh\" church, Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 86 (printed 78) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 49ba63d1115bffa1...), box 60,310 1247x1790 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-bethel-gold-pdf86-bethel-millwood-baptist-salem, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1587", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 78, PDF p. 86 of the hosted copy, the entry headed BETHEL BAPTIST, the sentence on the brick building", "excerpt": "In 1833 the present brick building was erected;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 86 (printed 78) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 49ba63d1115bffa1...), box 60,310 1247x1790 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-bethel-gold-pdf86-bethel-millwood-baptist-salem, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1588", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 78, PDF p. 86 of the hosted copy, the entry headed MILLWOOD, the organization", "excerpt": "MILLWOOD Was organized in 1888 by members of Bethel Church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 86 (printed 78) of the hosted digital reproduction, cropped to the passage, on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer session (reviewer-opus-2026-10-07-k) then read the cropped image and returned \"supports\" on 2026-10-07. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 49ba63d1115bffa1...), box 60,310 1247x1790 pixels of the page render; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-k-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-k-rev10.csv and research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-revision-10-2026-10-07/ties-revision-10.csv, tie PILOT-R10-bethel-gold-pdf86-bethel-millwood-baptist-salem, at c42654e6" } }, { "id": "G1589", "source_id": "S347", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 6, 1921, page 1, obituary \"Oldest Member of M. E. Church Here Dies\", the passage beginning \"Mr. J. T. Murphy, perhaps the...\"", "excerpt": "Mr. J. T. Murphy, perhaps the oldest member of the Berryville Methodist Church, South, died near Aldie [l]ast Thursday night from paralysis. He was born on the Price farm, near Price's mill, and moved to Loudoun county 20 years ago, where he con- [sic] continued to follow farming as his avocation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 295eca46e653d54e...), box 1348,1565 340x1200 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-murphy-19210106-obituary, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1591", "source_id": "S330", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 17, 1921, page 4 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), obituary \"Brave Southern Soldier Passes Over the River\", the passage beginning \"Mr. Newton H. Carpenter, one of...\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Newton H. Carpenter, one of Ashby's brave men, and for years af[t]er the war a prominent farmer of Clarke county, died last Thursday morning from a complication of diseases, aged 78 years. He was one of the oldest members in point of service, of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, of Winchester, and for many years had held the office of First Lieutenant Commander.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 03ff8d40b1b2e4db...), box 1539,2012 336x1370 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-carpenter-19210317-obituary, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1592", "source_id": "S364", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 23, 1922, page 1, item \"Mr. and Mrs. Ricamore Married 50 Years\", the passage beginning \"MR. AND MRS. RICAMORE MARRIED 50...\"", "excerpt": "MR. AND MRS. RICAMORE MARRIED 50 YEARS Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore, formerly much beloved citizens of Berryville, and parents of Mr. P. M. Ricamore, observed their golden wedding anniversary on Valentine day at the home of their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes A sumptuous dinner, at which the family gathered, was given them by Mr. and Mrs. Hughes Mrs. Ricamore is a daughter of the late Mathew Pulliam, one of Berryville's foremost citizens of a generation ago, and Mr. Ricamore was one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform in the civil war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 10412a90f5c162e1...), box 1437,2389 328x1232 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-ricamore-19220223-golden-wedding, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1593", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 31, 1922, page 2 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), obituary \"Confederate Boy Soldier Messenger Dies in Washington\", the passage beginning \"Mr. George C. Ricamore, a former...\"", "excerpt": "Mr. George C. Ricamore, a former Clarke county farmer and former Town Sergeant of Berryville, who during the Civil War when only a boy of about 15 years performed a mission requiring the highest kind of soldiery courage and self-confidence died last Friday morning from heart trouble at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Charles R. Hughes, Rock Creek Bridge Road, Washington.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 380a3f7ce044c2dd...), box 476,123 334x2328 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-ricamore-19220831-obituary-pt1, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1595", "source_id": "S365", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 2, 1922, page 1, obituary \"Samuel Bonham Dies in Texas, Aged 90\", the passage beginning \"Relatives in Clarke county have received...\"", "excerpt": "Relatives in Clarke county have received word of the death of Samuel Bonham, who died a few days ago at Sherman, Texas. The end was caused by pneumonia. He was 90 years old. Mr. Bonham was the son of the late Daniel Sowers Bonham and a brother of the late Mrs. Maria Mesmer. He went to Texas when a young man and located at Sherman. He saw that community grow from an Indian trading post to a great prosperous city. He was a veteran of the civil war and served four years in the Confederate army.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d049b7a43d3988ba...), box 1782,2031 334x1607 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-bonham-19220302-obituary, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1596", "source_id": "S356", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 30, 1921, page 3 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), obituary \"Capt. Jos. R. Hardesty, Confederate, Dies\", the passage beginning \"Capt. Joseph R. Hardesty, former Confederate...\"", "excerpt": "Capt. Joseph R. Hardesty, former Confederate soldier, retired farmer and stock dealer, passed over the river to the eternal camping ground last Thursday night at 9 o'clock after reaching the ripe old age of 88 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 2551e31e1a1bc6cf...), box 1048,245 339x2426 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-hardesty-19210630-obituary, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1601", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, report \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\", opening, the passage beginning \"From the first volume of the...\"", "excerpt": "From the first volume of the Virginia War History, Col. Alfred B. Williams, Editor of The Leesburg Miror [sic], has complied [sic] the list of soldiers from Clarke and adjoining counties who were awarded medals for valor and meritorious duty during the World War. Ten honors were awarded the County of Clarke and of its sons received war medals, according to the complication [sic] in the first volume. This volume does not give the name of James Lindsey, son of Postmaster E. A. Lindsey, of Boyce, who received a war medal for valor at the front in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 6be2d319989ad48c...), box 1484,1802 335x979 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-castleman-19230426-war-honors-dsc, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1605", "source_id": "S340", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 26, 1921, page 2 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), column \"Little Locals\", Castleman item, the passage beginning \"Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of...\"", "excerpt": "Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke county, son of that brave old Confederate soldier, the late John R. Castleman, of Mosby's Rangers fame, has won laurels in the college class room to match those on the battle lines in France. Word from Blacksburg is to the effect that he has made the highest average record in his studies, covering a period of four years, at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and has been chosen valedictorian for his class at the final exercises. \"John\" was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle with German aeroplanes during the world war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 d4369e2b0891faa7...), box 147,165 340x2020 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-castleman-19210526-little-locals, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1606", "source_id": "S340", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 26, 1921, page 1, item \"Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero\", the passage beginning \"A memorial tablet to Robert E....\"", "excerpt": "A memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell, who was killed in France during the world war, will be unveiled at Stone's Chapel, Sunday, May 29th, at 3 p. m. The tablet is the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary, of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and all members of the Legion, the Auxiliary and relatives and friends of Mr. Russell, are invited to be present.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ccc7919835627a1d...), box 1097,2596 335x1088 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-russell-19210526-memorial-tablet, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1607", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 2, 1921, page 1, report \"600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell\", the passage beginning \"That gratitude for the heroic sacrifice...\"", "excerpt": "That gratitude for the heroic sacrifice of Robert Edgar Russell, a son of Clarke county, who was killed in the Meuse Argonne Drive, lives in the hearts of the people of this county was exemplified last Sunday when more than 600 men, women and children journeyed to historic Stone's Presbyterian Chapel, near Swimley, to take part in the ceremonies of unveiling a beautiful marble tablet to his memory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 ef752e90d3957163...), box 689,472 334x2001 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-russell-19210602-dedication-pt1, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1614", "source_id": "S293", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 16, 1923, page 1, obituary \"Mrs. Mallory Dies After Long Illness\", the passage beginning \"During the World War her husband...\"", "excerpt": "During the World War her husband who is a son of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Mallory, served many months on foreign soil in Company 1, 116th Infantry, of the 29th Division. Mrs. Mallory was 28 years of age and a daughter of the late Elijah Marlowe of this county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 a3ffcfb18551b745...), box 1155,1562 330x1672 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-mallory-19230816-obituary, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1594", "source_id": "S367", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 31, 1922, page 2 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), obituary \"Confederate Boy Soldier Messenger Dies in Washington\", continued, the passage beginning \"married Miss Virginia Pulliam, daughter of...\"", "excerpt": "married Miss Virginia Pulliam, daughter of the late Matthew Pulliam. He short time afterwards bought the Green Hill farm, which he tilled until the boom days. He was a man of sterling courage, quiet and unaffected manner, and a devoted friend to those he liked. His body was brought [...] Saturday and after funeral services Sunday afternoon at [ ] o'clock from the house of the Misses Pulliam, which were conducted by Rev. Nathan [Maynard?], of the Baptist Church, burial was made in Green Hill Cemetery, overlooking the farm he so long made his home.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 14d0b7a08267abc5...), box 814,124 330x2328 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-ricamore-19220831-obituary-pt2, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1598", "source_id": "S335", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 29, 1922, page 4 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), letter \"Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal\", middle part, the passage beginning \"\"You know my brother Alf. we...\"", "excerpt": "\"You know my brother Alf., we call him 'Coon; well, mour'n a ear [sic] ago, mour'n two year I reckin; early in April we was crossing the river (Shenandoah) with a four-horse team. We had a right wild leader and he wouldn't take the water, the river had gone up over night. So I sez 'Coon, I'll mount the leader and you stay on the saddle horse. Well, after getting started, I thought we was allright and I kept looking ahead for the ford. Finallly [sic], I tuck a look back and Coon was gone.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 1b51eb19e5a5cbf9...), box 1178,1471 332x2224 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-moore-19220629-letter-pt2, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1600", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, headline \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\"", "excerpt": "Ten War Honors For Clarke County; Five of Her Soldiers Awarded Medals Virginia War History Records Show That \"Josh\" Campbell, Lieut. John R. Castleman, Abmiral [sic] McCormick, William G. Reynolds and Maj. Lloyd Williams Are Honored with Medals for Valor and Meritorious Duty in World War·", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 7e7eb22844fd1715...), box 1484,1547 673x253 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-castleman-19230426-war-honors-headline, WO09-reynolds-19230426-war-honors, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1609", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 2, 1921, page 1, report \"600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell\", presentation speech, the passage beginning \"\"Those of us who were fortunate...\"", "excerpt": "\"Those of us who were fortunate enough to return to civil life with our former health and strength have the opportunity to reap the reward of the sacrifices we made and the hardships we endured, so we of the American Legion have ever considered it our first duty to care for those of our comrades who are disabled in the service and to honor the memory of those who made the supreme sacrifice by giving up their lives in the cause of freedom. So we are here today to assist in the dedication of this memorial to one of our comrades who laid down his life in the serviee [sic] of his country.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 0b69968a74182feb...), box 689,2476 337x1186 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-russell-19210602-dedication-pt2-speech, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1610", "source_id": "S355", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 15, 1921, page 1, report \"Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell\", the passage beginning \"The body of Robert E. Russell,...\"", "excerpt": "The body of Robert E. Russell, one of Clarke's world war heroes, who was killed in France, was brought home last Friday and on Sunday was laid in its last resting place besides the grave of his devoted mother, whose health began to decline after her boy had made the supreme sacrifice in the great war. Funeral services over all that was mortal of the oldier [sic] was held in the Presbyterian Church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 aa431c2d89bf6711...), box 1720,501 339x656 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-russell-19210915-burial-pt1, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1611", "source_id": "S355", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 15, 1921, page 1, report \"Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell\", continued, the passage beginning \"sequies. The Lloyd Wiliams [sic] Post...\"", "excerpt": "sequies. The Lloyd Wiliams [sic] Post furnished the guard of honor which was under the command of Commander Rice W. Levi. The pallbearers were Thos. J. Fenton, L. H. Kercheval,—Dennis N. Kaine, Edgar P. Carter, Jr., Hugh, F. Johnson, and Herbert J. Duke, veterans of the great war. The pallbearers marched on the two sides of the hearse.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 f39edf57737481ac...), box 1712,1155 342x694 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-russell-19210915-burial-pt2-green-hill, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1612", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 9, 1922, page 1, report \"Linton Lloyd, World War Veteran, Drowned\", the passage beginning \"Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest...\"", "excerpt": "Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. W. Lloyd, of near Berrys Ferry, who was one of the fifive [sic] Lloyd brothers who went to France and helped lick the Kaiser, was drowned in a small reservoir not far from his father's home last Friday. It is believed that Mr. Lloyd slipped and struck his head against a rock, rendering him unconscious, or his heart collapsed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 3ffcb013decf750e...), box 728,476 334x1933 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-lloyd-19220209-drowning-notice, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1615", "source_id": "S348", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 24, 1921, page 4 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), item \"Walter Hardesty Weds Martinsburg Girl\", the passage beginning \"WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTINSBURG GIRL Former...\"", "excerpt": "WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTINSBURG GIRL Former Overseas Soldier is Married To Miss Alice Grant. At the parsonage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Martinsburg, Miss Alice N. Grant, of Martinsburg, became the bride of Mr. Walter Hardesty, of Berryville, Va. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J R. Jacobs, the attendants being Miss Loretta McDonald, of Martinsburg, and Mr. Roger Hardesty, of Virginia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 8da9d0826183cfb8...), box 827,175 333x3540 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-whardesty-19210224-wedding-notice, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1617", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; the May-June 1862 Company Muster Roll card, page 2 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "J. Lewis Ashby, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for May & June, 1862. Enlisted (re-enlisted): When July 18, 1862. Where Richmond. By whom Capt Richards. Period 2 yrs or War. Last paid: By whom Capt Carter. To what time April 30, 1862. Present or absent: Present.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1618", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; the December 1862 Regimental Return card, page 9 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "Ashby, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Regimental Return of the organization named above, for the month of Dec, 1862. Absent enlisted men accounted for: Absent, Signal Corps.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1619", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; the 2nd Quarter 1864 clothing Receipt Roll card, page 10 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "J. L. Ashby, Co D 6 Va Cav. Appears on a Receipt Roll for clothing, for 2 Qr, 1864. Date of issue May 19, 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1620", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; a Confederate States ration-commutation voucher, page 17 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "The Confederate States To J. L. Ashby Dr. 1861 Nov 1st For Commutation of Rations for 36 days from July 3rd 1861 to August 8th 1861, while on detached service at 75 cents per day ... $27.00 ... Received at Winchester Nov 5th 1861 Twenty seven dollars in full of above acct. Jas Louis Ashby", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1621", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; a Confederate States extra-service pay voucher, page 19 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "The Confederate States To J. L. Ashby Co. D, 6th Va. Cav. Dr. 1863 For extra service as a member of Lt. Bellinger's Signal Corps from April 18th '63 to July 4th '63 (inclusive) = 78 days @ 40 cts per day ... $31.20 ... Received at Orange C[ourt] H[ouse] the 1st day of January 1864 of [P. H. ?] Major & Q.M.C.S. Army the sum of Thirty-one Dollars & twenty cents in full of the above account. (Signed in duplicate.) Lewis Ashby", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1622", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; a Requisition for Forage for Public Horses for January 1864, page 15 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "REQUISITION for Forage for Public Horses, one in the service of Lewis Ashby Company D 6th Regiment, of Va Cavy C. S. Army, for 31 days, commencing the 1st of January 1864, and ending on the 31st of January 1864, at Harrisonburg Hospital ... I certify, on honor, that the above Requisition is correct and just ... Jas L Ashby Co D 6th Regt ... Received, at Harrisonburg the 1st of January 1864, of Capt A Baker A Qr Mr ... 372 pounds of corn ... 434 pounds of hay ... in full of the above Requisition. Jas L Ashby Co D 6th Regt Cav", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1623", "source_id": "S683", "locator": "Fold3 file id 8916666, \"Ashby, John Wm\", Twelfth Cavalry; a List of Prisoners of War card, page 2 of 14 within the file", "excerpt": "J. W. Ashby, Sergt. Co. I 12 Regt. Va. Cav. Appears on a List of prisoners of war. List dated Not dated. Confined: When Sept. 9, 1862. By whom Maj. W. E. Doster. List bears the following indorsements: \"Received at Aiken's Landing, on James River, Va., of Capt. Phillips, 135th Penna. Vols., Prisoners of War, paroled for exchange. ... Dated: Aiken's Landing, Va., Sept. 27th, 1862.\" \"Declared Exchanged at Aiken's Landing, Nov. 10th, 1862.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1624", "source_id": "S683", "locator": "Fold3 file id 8916666, \"Ashby, John Wm\", Twelfth Cavalry; the Regimental Return card for November 1862 and its continuation, pages 5 and 6 of 14 within the file", "excerpt": "J. W. Ashby, Sgt, Co. I, 12 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Regimental Return of the organization named above, for the month of Nov, 1862. ... Absent enlisted men accounted for: absent without leave was captured on the 8th Sept at Poolesville, Md. has since been exchanged & not yet reported.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1625", "source_id": "S683", "locator": "Fold3 file id 8916666, \"Ashby, John Wm\", Twelfth Cavalry; a Confederate States horse claim and its back, pages 14 and 13 of 14 within the file", "excerpt": "Confederate States To [J.] W. Ashby Dr. Sept 8th 1862. To one bright bay horse Killed in action $190.00 ... the horse was killed in action Sept 8th 1862 near Poolesville Md. A. M. Earle Lt Comdg Co I 12th V. C. ... a bright bay horse for J W Ashby Sergt in Co I 12 Va Cav on the 1st day of May 1862 at one hundred & ninety dollars ... Received October 21st 1863 of Capt A. M. Earle A. Q. M. ... in full of the within account. Jno W. Ashby", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1626", "source_id": "S683", "locator": "Fold3 file id 8916666, \"Ashby, John Wm\", Twelfth Cavalry; a Company Muster Roll card dated April 30, 1864, page 11 of 14 within the file", "excerpt": "John W Ashby, 1 Sgt, Co. I, 12 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for dated Apr 30, 1864. Joined for service and enrolled: When Apr 25, 1862. Where Conrads Store. By whom T B Massie. Period 3 yrs. ... Last paid: By whom Capt Earle. To what time Dec 31, 1863. Present or absent Present.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1627", "source_id": "S684", "locator": "Page 1, \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\"", "excerpt": "The Decoration Day services at Old Chapel were well attended, one of the largest crowds ever seen there being present.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1628", "source_id": "S684", "locator": "Page 1, \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\"", "excerpt": "Capt. R. S. Parks, of Luray, delivered the oration", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1629", "source_id": "S685", "locator": "Page 1, \"Decoration at Green Hill\"", "excerpt": "The Decoration Day services at Green Hill Cemetery last Saturday were largely attended, although the weather outlook was very threatening.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1630", "source_id": "S685", "locator": "Page 1, \"Decoration at Green Hill\"", "excerpt": "The attendance was possibly the largest ever registered at the annual services at Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1631", "source_id": "S686", "locator": "Page 2, \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\"", "excerpt": "Berryville, like every town and city in the country, rang its church bells, blew its whistles and celebrated generally the ending of the war last Thursday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1632", "source_id": "S686", "locator": "Page 2, \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\"", "excerpt": "The signing of the armistice was prematurely announced.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1633", "source_id": "S687", "locator": "Page 1, \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\"", "excerpt": "The Patriotic Committee, at a meeting Tuesday night, fixed July 4th as the date when the county’s soldier boys will be invited to Berryville so that honor may be paid them.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1634", "source_id": "S687", "locator": "Page 1, \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\"", "excerpt": "The plans embrace the erection of a huge “Welcome Home” arch over the Town Square, beneath which the parade will march.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1635", "source_id": "S688", "locator": "Page 1, \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\"", "excerpt": "The following is a liist [sic] of the names the Local Board and the Adjutant General furnished to the Clerk of the Circuit Court to be recorded, under an Act of the General Assembly of Virginia.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1636", "source_id": "S688", "locator": "Page 1, \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\"", "excerpt": "All men who were in the service and whose name did not appear on the Local Board’s List should present the proper proof to the Clerk and have his name recorded on the permanent rolls preserved in said office.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1637", "source_id": "S688", "locator": "Page 1, \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\"", "excerpt": "The parade will start at 11 o’clock. It will form near the N. & W. depot and march up Main street to Rice,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1638", "source_id": "S688", "locator": "Page 1, \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\"", "excerpt": "The whole county is invited and are asked to bring their dinners along and join in a basket picnic on the court house green. The business houses in the town will be closed during the parade.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1639", "source_id": "S688", "locator": "Page 1, \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\"", "excerpt": "The colored veterans will march in a body in the parade. The colored people are arranging to give them a big dinner after the parade, either at the Baptist Church on Liberty street or in Josephine City.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1640", "source_id": "S689", "locator": "Page 1, \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\"", "excerpt": "Between 5,000 and 6,000 people packed and jammed Berryville, July 4th, to pay homage to Clarke county’s world war heroes.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1641", "source_id": "S689", "locator": "Page 1, \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\"", "excerpt": "A vehicle, draped in white with seven gold stars on a flag suspended from an arch, followed the Chief Marshal and his aids. These stars represented the heroic sacrifice made by Maj. Lloyd Williams, Robert E. Russell, Oliver L. Smallwood, Wilmer W. Wiley, James W. Lanham and Oliver W. Ashby.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1642", "source_id": "S690", "locator": "Page 3, \"ARMISTICE DAY MEETING\"", "excerpt": "A meeting of the Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, will be held at Winston Hall, on Tuesday, November 11, at 7:30 p. m.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1643", "source_id": "S691", "locator": "Page 1, \"Decoration Day in Historic Cemetery Will be Observed at 4 O’clock in The Afternoon—Flowers Will be Strewn Upon Graves . of Heroic and Beloved Dead.\"", "excerpt": "Decoration day at Old Chapel, where are buried many of the heroic and beloved dead of Clarke county, will be held next Saturday afternoon at 4 o’clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1644", "source_id": "S692", "locator": "Page 3, \"ARMISTICE DAY TO BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY\"", "excerpt": "do designate Thursday, November 11th, 1920, a public holiday to be observed as such as provided by law throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia and to be known as Armistice Day.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1645", "source_id": "S693", "locator": "Page 1, \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\"", "excerpt": "The crosses which have been secured by Stonewall Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, to mark the graves of all Confederate veterans who lie at rest in Green Hill Cemetery, are being placed on the graves.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1646", "source_id": "S693", "locator": "Page 1, \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\"", "excerpt": "Time Fourth Saturday in May, 3 p. m.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1647", "source_id": "S694", "locator": "Page 1, \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\"", "excerpt": "The big parade postponed from the Fall Festival was a huge success as staged here on the night of Armistice Day, Wednesday of this week.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1648", "source_id": "S694", "locator": "Page 1, \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\"", "excerpt": "The parade was led by former Post Commander J. F. Spates of the American Legion, followed by the band, the National Guard and the Legion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1649", "source_id": "S695", "locator": "Page 1, \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\"", "excerpt": "The usual Confederate memorial services, held the fourth Saturday in May each year at Green Hill Cemetery, will be observed as usual.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1650", "source_id": "S695", "locator": "Page 1, \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\"", "excerpt": "The annual Decoration Day observance at the Old Chapel will also fall on Saturday, May 28, but at 4 o’clock in the afternoon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1651", "source_id": "S695", "locator": "Page 1, \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\"", "excerpt": "National Memorial Day will be observed as usual May 30, which is Monday,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1652", "source_id": "S696", "locator": "Page 1, \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\"", "excerpt": "Armistice Day Bazaar and Other Legion Features Prove Successful.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1653", "source_id": "S696", "locator": "Page 1, \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\"", "excerpt": "Last Thursday and Friday proved the big days that were expected by the American Legion and its Auxiliary.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1654", "source_id": "S696", "locator": "Page 1, \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\"", "excerpt": "There was an added feature in an impromptu dance at the Battletown Inn,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1655", "source_id": "S697", "locator": "Page 1, \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\"", "excerpt": "At the request of the Post, all bells in the town were run[g] for five minutes just before eleven o’clock,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1656", "source_id": "S697", "locator": "Page 1, \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\"", "excerpt": "Last night the Post and the Auxiliary joined with the School League and carried out a most interesting program in the Auditorium of the High School.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1657", "source_id": "S698", "locator": "Page 1, \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\"", "excerpt": "There are many soldiers of the Civil War, Spanish American and the World War buried at this cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1658", "source_id": "S698", "locator": "Page 1, \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\"", "excerpt": "The graves of all soldiers were decorated with flags and flowers.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1659", "source_id": "S699", "locator": "Page 1, \"WOMAN’S AUXILIARY TO PRESENT FLAG\"", "excerpt": "The Woman’s Auxiliary, of the Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, American Legion will present a flag to the Elementary School on Armistice Day, November 11, at 3:30 P. M.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1660", "source_id": "S700", "locator": "Page 5, \"PAYS TRIBUTE TO 'REBEL' SOLDIERS\"", "excerpt": "Tribute to tfie [sic] Confederate Soldiers was paid in a Memorial Day address last Sunday by Col. B. M. Roszel, superintendent and commandant of the Shenandoah Valley Academy, Winchester, at annual exercises at Old Chapel.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1661", "source_id": "S701", "locator": "Page 1, \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\"", "excerpt": "Clarke county turned out last Saturday to pay homage to its war dead at special Memorial Day exercises held at the Green Hill Cemetery", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1662", "source_id": "S701", "locator": "Page 1, \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\"", "excerpt": "Members of the local post of the Legion, Boy Scouts and a detachment of the Berryville company of National Guard met at the Legion building and were transported to the cemetery in automobiles and army trucks.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1663", "source_id": "S702", "locator": "Page 5, \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\"", "excerpt": "Twenty years later, Berryville celebrated the signing of the Armistice last Friday quietly", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1664", "source_id": "S702", "locator": "Page 5, \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\"", "excerpt": "But before merchants locked up, American flags were displayed in front of their establishments.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1665", "source_id": "S703", "locator": "Page 10, \"ARMISTICE DAY, 1941\"", "excerpt": "Yes, the armistice ended the fighting in World War No. 1, but the peace laid the foundations for No. 2.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1666", "source_id": "S704", "locator": "Page 8, \"ARMISTICE DAY\"", "excerpt": "county rang its church bells, blew its whistles and celebrated generally the ending of the war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1667", "source_id": "S705", "locator": "Page 13, \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\"", "excerpt": "The program continued through intermittent rains that sent the crowd of several hundred people scurrying under trees at the Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1668", "source_id": "S705", "locator": "Page 13, \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\"", "excerpt": "The fact that the gasoline ban forbade people from attending the exercises in automobiles did not in any way deter them, as most of the spectators walked the short distance from Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1669", "source_id": "S706", "locator": "Page 1, \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\"", "excerpt": "Armistice Day Marks Fourth Time That Mobile Unit Has Visited County", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1670", "source_id": "S706", "locator": "Page 1, \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\"", "excerpt": "Clarke county is having another Blood Donor Clinic on Thursday, November 11 and 200 persons are needed to give a pint of blood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1671", "source_id": "S707", "locator": "Page 8, \"THE BOND RALLY AND CELEBRATION\"", "excerpt": "Clarke county may well be proud of the Victory Loan rally and Armistice Day parade and program which took place in Berryville last Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1672", "source_id": "S708", "locator": "Page 1, \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\"", "excerpt": "The program, sponsored by the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, got underway during a shower Sunday afternoon and continued throughout with rain falling harder as the program progressed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1673", "source_id": "S708", "locator": "Page 1, \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\"", "excerpt": "The graves of the soldiers of all wars who are buried in the Old Chapel or Burwell Cemetery will be decorated with the flags under which each of them served on Sunday next, June 2.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1674", "source_id": "S324", "locator": "Page 1, \"600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell,\" the inscription on the tablet as printed", "excerpt": "IN MEMORY OF ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL Private Co. C, 128th Inf., 32nd Div. Killed in Action Oct. 12, 1918, MEUSE-ARGONNE, FRANCE Presented by Woman’s Auxiliary Lloyd Williams Post American Legion.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region 1378,943,669,4002 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1921060201:0484), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-07 for this passage only.", "crop": "ef752e90d395_crop-russell-tablet-unveiled.jpg, 669 by 4002 pixels, sha256 ef752e90d3957163ac3a003b133cd6677559c86c5b849457bee580f7d8fffe55", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/holiday-vets-packet-01-2026-10-07/ties.csv, the tie for the June 2, 1921 Russell tablet report, with its review R verdict (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-r-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-r-holiday01.csv)" } }, { "id": "G1675", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 70, \"Berryville Company\"", "excerpt": "Until the execution of John Brown and his captured associates, this company, organized in October 1859 as Clarke Guards, took part in guarding Charles Town prison and prevented the escape of two of Brown's men.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1676", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 70, \"Berryville Company\"", "excerpt": "Reorganized later as Clarke Rifles, It went through four years of war in the Stonewall Brigade as Co. I, 2nd Va. Inf., C.S.A.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1677", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the opening of the letter signed \"G.\"", "excerpt": "Within the last few days two of that gallant company, \"The Clarke Rifles,\" Company \"I\" 2nd. Va. Infantry, \"Stonewall Brigade,\" have been ordered to report for duty in a higher and better sphere.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1678", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 70, \"Berryville Company\"", "excerpt": "When the company was on picket near Port Republic, Sunday morning, June 8, 1862, Henry Kerfoot of the Clarke Cavalry dashed up to Capt. S. J. C. Moore with the news that Union cavalry with fieldpieces was approaching at full gallop.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1679", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 70, \"Berryville Company\"", "excerpt": "Moore, later promoted to lieutenant colonel, instantly ordered Kerfoot to warn Jackson, then disposed Co. I so advantageously that it was able to check the enemy until help came.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1680", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 72, \"Clarke Companies C.S.A.\"", "excerpt": "3. The Clarke Rifles (The Berryville Co.). Became Co. I, 2nd Va. Inf., Stonewall Brigade. Its commanders were Capt. S. C. Bowen, who resigned; Capt. S. J. C. Moore, twice wounded and twice promoted; and Capt. J. H. O'Bannon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1681", "source_id": "S709", "locator": "Page 72, \"Clarke Companies C.S.A.\"", "excerpt": "Four survivors surrendered at Appomattox.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1682", "source_id": "S710", "locator": "Page 1, the notice of John A. Blake", "excerpt": "John A. Blake was born in Berryville, Va., 63 years ago and was educated in the schools of that city, afterwards teaching school there. During the civil war he served in the Confederate army.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1683", "source_id": "S710", "locator": "Page 1, the notice of John A. Blake", "excerpt": "Before the war broke out, however, he was one of the party that captured John Brown.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1684", "source_id": "S710", "locator": "Page 1, the notice of John A. Blake", "excerpt": "He saw Brown hanged at Charles Town and of the few who guarded the coffin containing the body of the Yankee leader.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1685", "source_id": "S710", "locator": "Page 1, the notice of John A. Blake", "excerpt": "Interment was made in Green Hill Cemetery.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1686", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Jas. H. O'Bannon", "excerpt": "Jas. H. O'Bannon came to Berryville in 1859 or 1860 and was employed on the Clarke Journal. He joined the Clarke Rifles, which was organized by Capt. S. H. Bowen, and went with his company on the 17th. of April, 1861, to Harpers Ferry;", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1687", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Jas. H. O'Bannon", "excerpt": "was present with the command at Manassas July 21, 1861, and in every engagement thereafter, never having been wounded or taken prisoner.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1688", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Jas. H. O'Bannon", "excerpt": "He was soon promoted to a lieutenancy and upon the promotion of Capt. S. J. C. Moore was made Captain of the company.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1689", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Jas. H. O'Bannon", "excerpt": "At the close of the war, he with D. Holmes McGuire, puplished [sic] the Clarke Journal.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1690", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Decatur J. Shepherd", "excerpt": "When the war opened he was living in the State of Indiana. He immediately made his way, with much difficulty, through Kentucky and Tennesse [sic] to his native county and enlisted in the \"Clarke Rifles.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1691", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"G.\", on Decatur J. Shepherd", "excerpt": "being wounded at Kernstown and afterwards permanently disabled at Cedar Run.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1692", "source_id": "S711", "locator": "Page 1, the close of the letter", "excerpt": "To us, \"Kate\" Shepherd and \"Jim\" O'Bannon can never die while memory lasts.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1693", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "He followed boating on the Shenandoah river and worked on farms until the war between the states when he volunteered in Co. I, 2nd Virginia Regiment.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1694", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "He was at Bloody Angle and at Spottsylvania, and when Johnston's Division was captured he and John Grubbs got away.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1695", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "He was one of the men with Gen. Gordon in the last charge at Petersburg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1696", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "He and Abner Jones were the only ones of Co. I, Stonewall Brigade, 2nd Virginia Regiment, at Gen. Lee's surrender.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1697", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "After the war he returned to his county and made his living as a laborer until he got a position as tollgate keeper, which he held until his health gave way.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1698", "source_id": "S712", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John R. Shipe", "excerpt": "John R. Shipe, who died on January 26, 1920.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1699", "source_id": "S713", "locator": "Page 1, \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Kelly was a brave Confederate soldier. He was a member of Co. I, Stonewall Brigade, and is the second of that famous command to pass over to the eternal camping ground in the past few weeks.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1700", "source_id": "S713", "locator": "Page 1, \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\"", "excerpt": "The late Thomas D. Gold often spoke of Mr. Kelly as a soldier, saying he was a \"good one.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1701", "source_id": "S713", "locator": "Page 1, \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Kelly was born in Clarke county not far from Paris. At one time he owned the land which forms a part of the Mt. Weather estate now.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1702", "source_id": "S713", "locator": "Page 1, \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\"", "excerpt": "his little cottage on the Bluemont pike was a familiar sight to all who knew. Often, he would come to the gate and wave his hand at his friends.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1703", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" the opening sentence", "excerpt": "The churches of Clarke County held special patriotic, intercessory and memorial services.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1704", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Grace Church", "excerpt": "This church subscribed for Liberty Bonds, and twenty-seven of its men and one woman were in the service. The rector, Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor, was a chaplain with the Second Corps.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1705", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Grace Church", "excerpt": "There was a weekly procession of the children through the streets of Berryville, with flags, music and singing, concluding with prayers at the church.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1706", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Grace Church", "excerpt": "Grace Church, in Berryville, held such a memorial service in commemoration of Major Lloyd Williams when a tablet was unveiled to his memory.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1707", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Cunningham Chapel Parish", "excerpt": "Mr. B. D. Chambers, rector of Cunningham Chapel Parish, reported sixteen men in the army from his parish, five in the navy, two in the marines and one in Red Cross service. It would appear that the men resided in Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1708", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Cunningham Chapel Parish", "excerpt": "They were George H. Burwell, Jr., J. T. Burwell, Edward G. Butler, Maurice J. Dunlap, Jr., Joseph Eidson, S. Dalman Estep, Walter A. Estep, Harry W. Frost, Donald N. Gilpin, Kenneth N. Gilpin, Holmes Grim, Prescott Huidkoper, Charles A. Jones, Jr., E. S. Tucker Lindsay, James B. Lindsay, Charles Mullikin, Winston S. Lindsay, James H. Nolan, Eston Randolph, Percy Randolph, William F. Randolph, McClure Scott, Joseph Sipe and Marshall C. Willingham.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1709", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on Cunningham Chapel Parish", "excerpt": "The Millwood Church also subscribed for $1,000 worth of Liberty Bonds, and the sum of $2,000 was sent to the Belgian and Near East Relief.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1710", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 27, \"Churches in War Time,\" on the Methodist Church", "excerpt": "A service flag and the national colors were displayed by the congregation of the Methodist Church at Berryville, of which Rev. J. Herbert Bean was pastor. This church united with three other churches in Red Cross work, meeting weekly at workrooms, supplying garments to soldiers and to hospitals, and engaging in local relief work.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1711", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 28, \"Churches in War Time,\" on the Methodist Church", "excerpt": "The following men and women were in service from this church: Lieutenant C. H. Iden, Charles L. Roland, Walter C. Hardesty, Sergeant Olin W. Beall, John H. Coleman, Charles J. Enders, Sergeant Ralph E. Galloway, Charles LeRoy Whitaker, Sergeant Wilmer H. Gaver, Frank Barr, and Harry L. Boxwell. Charles A. Blake and Jacob Blake were in the Postoffice Department, and Miss Cora Shackleford was a Red Cross nurse.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1712", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 28, \"Churches in War Time,\" on the Methodist Church", "excerpt": "rally was held by the church during the War Savings Stamps campaign in June, 1918, and more than $3,000 worth of stamps were sold and $250.00 subscribed by the church societies.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1713", "source_id": "S715", "locator": "Page 3, \"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag\"", "excerpt": "A large Service Flag containing eight stars, the eight stars representing the names of Collins Dakeman, Harry Simonds, Robert Mesmer, Walter Hardesty, Edward Berlin, Ernest Locke, Rice Levi and Malcolm Foley, boys who are doing their bit, or preparing to do their bit in the suppression of Autocracy, was presented to the Berryville Baptist Church by the ladies of that church Friday evening at 8:30 o'clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1714", "source_id": "S715", "locator": "Page 3, \"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag\"", "excerpt": "it was received on behalf of the church by Rev. H. Parlett East.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1715", "source_id": "S715", "locator": "Page 3, \"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag\"", "excerpt": "a short address was made by the pastor of the church, in which he set forth very vividly some of the atrocities committed by the German people.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1716", "source_id": "S715", "locator": "Page 3, \"At The Methodist Church. Soldiers' Day\"", "excerpt": "Soldiers' Day Sunday, June 30, 1918.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1717", "source_id": "S715", "locator": "Page 3, \"At The Methodist Church. Soldiers' Day\"", "excerpt": "In honor of our own 13 soldier boys especially and in rememberance of all who serve, let us attend these services.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1718", "source_id": "S716", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "More than four hundred men and women of Berryville and vicinity gathered in Grace Episcopal Church Sunday afternoon at 4 o'clock to lay a wreath of love and respect upon the memory of Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, United States Marine Corps, who was the first son of Clarke county to make the supreme sacrifice", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1719", "source_id": "S716", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams was baptized in Grace Church. He attended its Sunday School when a boy of Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1720", "source_id": "S716", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Taylor read a poem, written by Rev. J. Herbert Bean paster of the Methodist Church, in honor of the memory of this young man.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1721", "source_id": "S716", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "These were strikingly shown, he said, when Captain Williams, felled by a German bullet, cried out: \"Don't bother about me; take care of my men.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1722", "source_id": "S717", "locator": "Page 1, \"Rev. Mr. Taylor Enters Training\"", "excerpt": "Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor, rector of Grace Episcopal Church, who several months ago offered his services to the Government as Chaplain in the Army, has received orders to report for training and left for Camp Zachary Taylor, Ken., Wednesday morning", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1723", "source_id": "S717", "locator": "Page 1, \"Rev. Mr. Taylor Enters Training\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Taylor came to Berryville from Woodstock to take charge of Grace Church in May.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1724", "source_id": "S719", "locator": "Page 1, \"Mr. Taylor Returns Tonight\"", "excerpt": "who has just arrived in this country from France where he served in Gen. Pershing's Army as a Chaplain, will return to Berryville tonight.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1725", "source_id": "S719", "locator": "Page 1, \"Mr. Taylor Returns Tonight\"", "excerpt": "Members of Grace Church will give a reception in honor of their rector tomorrow afternoon at the Parish House from 3 to 5 o'clock.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1726", "source_id": "S718", "locator": "Page 1, the Boyce letter of February 12, 1919", "excerpt": "Capt. J. M. Robeson, former rector of Meade Memorial Church at White Post, Christ Church of Millwood and Emanuel Church of Boyce, but now Chaplain of the famous Second Army Division, is back among his old parishioners in this end of the county for a short visit", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1727", "source_id": "S718", "locator": "Page 1, the Boyce letter of February 12, 1919", "excerpt": "Capt. Robeson himself was wounded in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1728", "source_id": "S718", "locator": "Page 1, the Boyce letter of February 12, 1919", "excerpt": "In the morning he occupied the pulpit at Christ Church, Millwood; in the afternoon he delivered a short sermon at Calvary Chapel near the river, and at night he held services and preached at Emanual Chapel here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1729", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, \"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams\"", "excerpt": "A beautiful memorial tablet to the late Major Lloyd Wm. Williams, U. S. M. C., who fell in the Battle of Belleau Woods when the American Marines blocked the Hun's drive to Paris, will be placed on the interior walls of Grace Episcopal Church, where this heroic Clarke boy worshipped and of which he was a communicant.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1730", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, \"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams,\" the inscription as printed", "excerpt": "\"Born June 5th, 1887, at Nottingham, Clarke county, Va.; Killed June 11, 1918, in the Battle of Belleau Wood, France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1731", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, \"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams,\" the inscription as printed", "excerpt": "'Leave Me and Go to My Men,' were the words spoken by him to an attending Surgeon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1732", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, \"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams,\" the inscription as printed", "excerpt": "\"Erected by his Adoring Father and Mother, Sisters and Brothers.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1733", "source_id": "S721", "locator": "Page 1, \"Mrs. Gilpin Gives New Altar to Christ Church\"", "excerpt": "whose two sons, Lieut. Kenneth N. Gilpin, of the Naval Flying Corps, and Capt. Donald Gilpin, of the Artillery Service, served in the A. E. F., has given a new altar and reredos to Christ Church, Millwood, as a thanksgiving offering for the safe delivery of her family from the perils of war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1734", "source_id": "S721", "locator": "Page 1, \"Mrs. Gilpin Gives New Altar to Christ Church,\" quoting The Parish Call", "excerpt": "Such gratitude is being felt and expressed in one form or another all over our county, and we are particularly pleased that our church should be so beautifully adorned.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1735", "source_id": "S722", "locator": "Page 4, \"Special Flag Service at the Methodist Church\"", "excerpt": "Special services at the M. E. Church South next Sunday morning at 11 o'clock will have as a feature the furling of the National and Service flags which were hung in the church auditorium at the outbreak of the World War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1736", "source_id": "S722", "locator": "Page 4, \"Special Flag Service at the Methodist Church\"", "excerpt": "The pastor will preach from the subject, \"The Patriotism of Peace.\" All ex-service men are especially invited to attend this service, and the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, is expected to attend in a body.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1737", "source_id": "S723", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wreath Placed Over Tablet in Grace Church\"", "excerpt": "After the sermon Dr. R. B. Snapp and Mr. Frank Tappen, two members of the post, hung a beautiful wreath on the tablet.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1738", "source_id": "S723", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wreath Placed Over Tablet in Grace Church\"", "excerpt": "The Lloyd Williams Post is named for the heroic marine officer.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1739", "source_id": "S724", "locator": "Page 1, the plans for the funeral of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams", "excerpt": "The remains will then be taken to Grace Episcopal Church where they will lay in state until the funeral ohur [sic].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1740", "source_id": "S724", "locator": "Page 1, the plans for the funeral of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams", "excerpt": "The Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, named for Maj. Williams, will furnish a Guard of Honor, uniformed and with side arms.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1741", "source_id": "S725", "locator": "Page 3, \"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization\"", "excerpt": "Under the shade of the trees that ornament the grounds in front of Lieut. R. O. Allen's residence the survivors of Co. D, Clarke Cavalry, assembled last Friday, and there formed a society to be known as the \"Association of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry,\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1742", "source_id": "S725", "locator": "Page 3, \"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization\"", "excerpt": "Mr. A. Moore jr. from the committee appointed to draft and report a constitution and rules presented the same and they were unanimously adopted.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1743", "source_id": "S725", "locator": "Page 3, \"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization\"", "excerpt": "At the calling of the roll 32 responded to their names", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1744", "source_id": "S726", "locator": "Page 4, \"Confederate Monument\"", "excerpt": "At the late meeting of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry, it was determined to erect a suitable monument to the memory of our county men, and others members of military organizations from this county, who were slain in battle, or died from wounds received, or sickness contracted in the military service of their country during the late war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1745", "source_id": "S726", "locator": "Page 4, \"Confederate Monument,\" the signature", "excerpt": "A. Moore, Jr., Ch'n.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1746", "source_id": "S728", "locator": "Page 3, the letter on the reunion at Greenway Court", "excerpt": "It was possibly just a little grating to the feelings of old infantrymen to find themselves quietly \"left out in the cold\" in such an arrangement; but on consideration it will appear, that to carry out this desirable object, it is necessary to have a working association; and this can probably be better effected through the Cavalry reunion than in any other way.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1747", "source_id": "S727", "locator": "Page 3, \"Reinterment of Topper's Remains\"", "excerpt": "The remains of F. P. Topper—a Pennsylvanian who died in defence of the lost cause—which had been lying near Luray, where he fell and was buried in 1864, were brought to this place on Saturday last and reinterred with military honors—the arrangements originating with and being conducted by the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry, C. S. A., to which command he belonged.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1748", "source_id": "S727", "locator": "Page 3, \"Reinterment of Topper's Remains\"", "excerpt": "Topper's remains reached here on the 10:38 train, and were escorted by the Clarke Rifles from the depot to Grace Episcopal Church, where they were placed under guard until the hour for reinterment—3 o'clock in the afternoon.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1749", "source_id": "S727", "locator": "Page 3, \"Reinterment of Topper's Remains\"", "excerpt": "Following the hearse were the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry, under command of Capt. J. McK. Kennerly, soldiers of other regiments and battallions, under charge of Mr. T. D. Gold, and citizens on foot and in carriages, the whole—making one of the largest processions that ever entered the cemetery", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1750", "source_id": "S729", "locator": "Page 3, \"Briefs\"", "excerpt": "Both houses of the Legislature have passed the bills to incorporate the association of the Survivors of the Clarke Cavalry, and to give to the Board of Supervisors of this county the power to convey to the said association enough ground in the court-yard square to erect a monument to the memory of the Confederate dead.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1751", "source_id": "S733", "locator": "Page 3, \"Good Speeches, Fine Music\"", "excerpt": "This imperishable tribute to the Confederate dead of Clarke county was unveiled Saturday last, the 21st day of July,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1752", "source_id": "S730", "locator": "Page 1, the editor's note before the narrative", "excerpt": "The following narrative of the heroic charge of the Clarke Cavalry at Travilians Station was written by A. Moore, Jr.,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1753", "source_id": "S730", "locator": "Page 1, the editor's note before the narrative", "excerpt": "and read by him before the annual reunion of the survivors of that command held on the 22nd of August, 1888.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1754", "source_id": "S731", "locator": "Page 3, \"Clarke Cavalry Reunion\"", "excerpt": "Time has left its impress upon many of these old soldiers, the lengthening shadows admonish them that as the years roll by, they will one by one drop from the ranks; but it is a pleasant reflection that, at least once each year, to the survivors the hardships and dangers through which they have passed are almost forgotten in the pleasure of meeting around the festive board.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1755", "source_id": "S732", "locator": "Page 3, the reunion report", "excerpt": "Thirty-two survivors of the gallant old company were in attendance with a number of ex-Confederates who had served in other commands,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1756", "source_id": "S734", "locator": "Page 1, the reunion report", "excerpt": "While the roll of the honored dead was called, the members stood with reverence and uncovered heads.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1757", "source_id": "S735", "locator": "Page 1, the reunion report", "excerpt": "Only sixteen of the survivors were present, thus emphasizing the rapidity with which they are passing away. Since the previous meeting, a year ago, six of the members have answered the last call.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1758", "source_id": "S736", "locator": "Page 1, \"Clarke Cavalry Reunion\"", "excerpt": "the following members on the call of the roll answered to their name: J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1759", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mr. James L. E. Van Meter, aged 89 years, a Confederate soldier and for years a leading farmer of Clarke county,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1760", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "He was a Cofederate [sic] soldier, having served in Co. C, Virginia Cavalry, Gen. Rosser's Brigade. He was captured and sent to Fort Delaware.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1761", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "A Mr. Bedell, a Union soldier, was wounded in a skirmish in Clarke county on the Opequon in 1864. Bedell's leg was amputated and he was taken to a house near the Van Meter farm and cared for by a colored man.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1762", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Van Meter discovered Bedell in the delapidated house, who then was in almost dying condition.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1763", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Van Meter then drove to Harpers Ferry and told Gen. Stephenson of Bedell's condition. She returned and later removed Bedell to the garret of her own home, where she kept him protected and nursed him back to health.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1764", "source_id": "S737", "locator": "Page 1, \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "excerpt": "As a reward for what she had done, Gen. Stephenson had the War Department to release Mr. Van Meter from prison. A lasting friendship sprung up between the Van Meters and the Bedells and the two families exchanged visits for years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1765", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "At the outbreak of the civil war Mr. Rutherford joined Capt. James Bumgardner's Company (F) in the 52nd Regt. Virginia Volunteers, and was later made color bearer and a corporal.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1766", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "Mr. Rutherford was captured at the Battle of Cold Harbor on May 30th and taken to Elmire [sic], N. Y., whene [sic] he was held a prisoner of war until the war was over.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1767", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "On one occasion he was made to bunk with a comrade who had smallpox and slept with him. He never contracted the disease.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1768", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "In prison his clothes were ragged and few. He often said that when he washed his underwear he had to hold it while it dried lest some one would steal it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1769", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "When in prison he was compelled to do work, for which the prison authorties [sic] always gave the Soldiers a ration of whiskey. This work was often digging ditches in water over the shoe tops. Mr. Rutherford would take the whiskey and trade it for bread and meat. He never drank.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1770", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford", "excerpt": "When the war was over, Mr. Rutherford was released after spending twelve months in prison.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:26.30,10.50,12.25,57 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867309:1923030101:0038), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1923-03-01_VC-1032.jpg, 731 by 4374 pixels, sha256 a8eafe335fd01084b62c91326c09e980021d3d88de2bcacdf1c2e27e9761c601", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1771", "source_id": "S379", "locator": "Page 4, the tribute to John C. Rutherford, continued", "excerpt": "As he neared Staunton, he encountered a swollen river. A boatman demanded pay for carrying him across. Not having the money Mr. Rutherford jumped into the river and waded and swam to the other side, reaching Staunton at night and then walking 13 miles to his father's house before morning.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:37.2,9.8,13.6,9.5 of the same Library of Congress page image, the head of the tribute's second column, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "ruth_c2.jpg, the second-column crop, sha256 d385705b115cca07b9173d99be6c28ad49e3e556ec0ad2bbdb56c6f700acc429", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for John C. Rutherford (VC-1032), Courier of 1 March 1923, p. 4,, whose inspection column records the crop read and widened" } }, { "id": "G1772", "source_id": "S738", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"A Comrade\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Berlin was born, lived and died at or near White Post.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1773", "source_id": "S738", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"A Comrade\"", "excerpt": "As a member of the \"Nelson Rifles,\" Company C, 2d Virginia Infantry,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1774", "source_id": "S738", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"A Comrade\"", "excerpt": "At the \"Bloody Angle,\" at Spottsylvania, he was taken prisoner, and was taken to Elmira, New York, and kept in prison there.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1775", "source_id": "S738", "locator": "Page 1, the letter signed \"A Comrade\"", "excerpt": "He endured the sufferings of that trying time in the same quiet, uncomplaining way that characterized his life in all things.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1776", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, \"Another Brave Old Confederate Passes Away\"", "excerpt": "When the war between the states broke out, although only 15 years old, his courage and love of his mother state impelled him to enlist under the Stars and Bars.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:44.55,56.77,12.01,39.77 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1921060901:0488), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1921-06-09_VC-1298.jpg, 704 by 3033 pixels, sha256 dbb5abc5bfa20dd6ffdbbc620ebc83d78a164116d04da420d8bab3be0484d74a", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for Thomas Wyndham (VC-1298), Courier of 9 June 1921, p. 1,, whose inspection column records the crop read" } }, { "id": "G1777", "source_id": "S304", "locator": "Page 1, \"Another Brave Old Confederate Passes Away\"", "excerpt": "He joined Maj. Calmes' Clarke Cavalry in 1862 and served through the war. He was twice captured, and at one time was confined for five months in Fort Delaware.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:44.55,56.77,12.01,39.77 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1921060901:0488), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "1921-06-09_VC-1298.jpg, 704 by 3033 pixels, sha256 dbb5abc5bfa20dd6ffdbbc620ebc83d78a164116d04da420d8bab3be0484d74a", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the row for Thomas Wyndham (VC-1298), Courier of 9 June 1921, p. 1,, whose inspection column records the crop read" } }, { "id": "G1778", "source_id": "S739", "locator": "Page 1, the death notice of Dilmon Estep", "excerpt": "Was taken prisoner at Spottsylvania Court House and held as such until the end of the war, but not having the spirit of idleness, he was busily engaged as a carpenter around the old prison at Fort Delaware.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1779", "source_id": "S739", "locator": "Page 1, the death notice of Dilmon Estep", "excerpt": "In 1867 he came to Clarke county, and built several barns and houses, some of which are still standing,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1780", "source_id": "S739", "locator": "Page 1, the death notice of Dilmon Estep", "excerpt": "and the old white school house and hall at Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1781", "source_id": "S740", "locator": "Page 1, the death notice of William A. Riley", "excerpt": "He was captured and languished in a Federal prison for 15 months.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1782", "source_id": "S740", "locator": "Page 1, the death notice of William A. Riley", "excerpt": "In the Civil War he served with distinction as a member of the Clarke Cavalry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1783", "source_id": "S741", "locator": "Page 4, the notice of James W. Doran", "excerpt": "Mr. Doran was born in Millwood, Va., 65 years ago and had lived near the scene of his birth all of his life.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1784", "source_id": "S741", "locator": "Page 4, the notice of James W. Doran", "excerpt": "During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army as a member of the Clarke Cavalry and was captured and confined in prison at Washington, D. C.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1785", "source_id": "S742", "locator": "Page 4, the letter signed \"G. M. C.\"", "excerpt": "We have read with much pleasure and interest a neat little pamphlet entitled \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison,\" by the late Mr. John O. Crown, editor of the Clarke Courier, and dedicated to his comrades of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp of Confederate Veterans, of this place.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1786", "source_id": "S742", "locator": "Page 4, the letter signed \"G. M. C.\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Crown was a prisoner at Point Lookout.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1787", "source_id": "S714", "locator": "Page 29, \"Churches in War Time,\" the distinguished-service paragraph", "excerpt": "Mr. J. W. Lloyd had five sons in service—Charles, Grover, Linton, Thomas and Howard.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1788", "source_id": "S744", "locator": "Page 1, \"Tom Griffith Lloyd not Killed\"", "excerpt": "Of the seven sons of Mr. James S. Lloyd, five of them joined the army, went to France and took part in the fighting.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1789", "source_id": "S745", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers", "excerpt": "his family being one of the few in America which gave five sons to the cause of Democracy in the World War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1790", "source_id": "S743", "locator": "Page 1, \"Two Lloyd Brothers Wounded\"", "excerpt": "Privates Thomas Griffith Lloyd and Charles Lemly Lloyd, sons of Mr. James Lloyd, of Clarke county, have been wounded in France, according to a letter and a telegram received by their relatives here.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1791", "source_id": "S743", "locator": "Page 1, \"Two Lloyd Brothers Wounded\"", "excerpt": "The War Department notified Mr. Lloyd of his son Charles' mishap with the Huns, and a letter from Thomas told of the wound he received. The former was wounded October 6, and the latter on October 15.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1792", "source_id": "S744", "locator": "Page 1, \"Tom Griffith Lloyd not Killed\"", "excerpt": "Telegraphic reports sent out from Winchester that Thomas Griffith Lloyd, son of Mr. James S. Lloyd, had been killed in France shortly before the armistice was signed are not substantiated by the Lloyd family.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1793", "source_id": "S746", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers' wounds", "excerpt": "Charles Lemly Lloyd, despite the fact he was wounded three times, re-enlisted and is now serving in the military police.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1794", "source_id": "S746", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers' wounds", "excerpt": "Thomas Griffith Lloyd received two wounds. When a machine gun bullet pierced his hip at Verdun when his regiment went over the top, he was wounded the second time by bursting sharpnel [sic] while being carried off the field.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1795", "source_id": "S746", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers' wounds", "excerpt": "A piece of shrapnel, as big as a boy's fist, ploughed its way through the muscles of his leg, laming him for life.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1796", "source_id": "S746", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers' wounds", "excerpt": "Howard Lloyd was also severely wounded. A machine gun bullet not only pierced his foot but he suffered from shell shock. Accompanied by his brother Grover, he went to Washington for medical attention.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1797", "source_id": "S745", "locator": "Page 1, the item on the Lloyd brothers", "excerpt": "Another son, Howard B. Lloyd, has arrived safely in New York according to a telegram received by his brother, Mr. Clarence W. Lloyd, of Boyce.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1798", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, the report on Tapscott and Howard Lloyd home from France", "excerpt": "Corporal Thomas Gold Tapscott and Howard Lloyd, two sons of old Clarke who were wounded in encounters with the Hun, are back at their home firesides.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1799", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, the report on Tapscott and Howard Lloyd home from France", "excerpt": "\"The past ten months are the worst I have ever been through,\" Howard said to a group of men on the street Tuesday night.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1800", "source_id": "S720", "locator": "Page 1, the report on Tapscott and Howard Lloyd home from France", "excerpt": "\"If h— is as bad as what I have been through, you fellows take my advice and do better in this world—get closer to your church and your God.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1801", "source_id": "S747", "locator": "Page 4, \"Lloyd Soldier Boy Returns\"", "excerpt": "Charles Lemly Lloyd, the last of the five soldier sons of Mr. J. W. Lloyd, who followed the Stars and Stripes to the Battlefields of France, is home.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1802", "source_id": "S747", "locator": "Page 4, \"Lloyd Soldier Boy Returns\"", "excerpt": "Charles Lemly was badly gassed and wounded in the Battle of Argonne Forest. He was with the 318th Regiment, 80th Division, in the fighting around Verdun.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1803", "source_id": "S747", "locator": "Page 4, \"Lloyd Soldier Boy Returns\"", "excerpt": "At the time he had a piece of tobacco in his mouth. When he received his wound, he swallowed the tobacco, which together with the wound made him sick, and was forced to take off his gas mask.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1804", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, \"World War Veteran Drowned\"", "excerpt": "Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. W. Lloyd, of near Berrys Ferry, who was one of the fifive [sic] Lloyd brothers who went to France and helped lick the Kaiser, was drowned in a small reservoir not far from his father's home last Friday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:24.09,16.95,12.62,22.85 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1922020901:0624), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "l1922_0.jpg, 743 by 1735 pixels, sha256 7af1dc7dc1629e8a0cd398aa6fb0d5a26f7827d89f6f79e9c3ec2400bea722d4", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the rows for Howard Lloyd (VC-1480) and Sam Houston Eidson, Jr. (VC-1590), Courier of 9 February 1922, p. 1" } }, { "id": "G1805", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, \"World War Veteran Drowned\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Lloyd was 24 years old. He served as a member of Co. D, 101st Inf., 26th Division (Yankee Division),", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:24.09,16.95,12.62,22.85 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1922020901:0624), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "l1922_0.jpg, 743 by 1735 pixels, sha256 7af1dc7dc1629e8a0cd398aa6fb0d5a26f7827d89f6f79e9c3ec2400bea722d4", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the rows for Howard Lloyd (VC-1480) and Sam Houston Eidson, Jr. (VC-1590), Courier of 9 February 1922, p. 1" } }, { "id": "G1806", "source_id": "S363", "locator": "Page 1, \"World War Veteran Drowned\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Lloyd and his four brothers, Messrs. Charles, Howard, Griffith and Grover, were members of the Lloyd Williams Post.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Region pct:24.09,16.95,12.62,22.85 of the Library of Congress page image (service:ndnp:vi:batch_vi_longines_ver01:data:sn85025371:00542867292:1922020901:0624), a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-12 for this passage only.", "crop": "l1922_0.jpg, 743 by 1735 pixels, sha256 7af1dc7dc1629e8a0cd398aa6fb0d5a26f7827d89f6f79e9c3ec2400bea722d4", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/veteran-obituaries-2026-10-11/CLIPPINGS.csv, the rows for Howard Lloyd (VC-1480) and Sam Houston Eidson, Jr. (VC-1590), Courier of 9 February 1922, p. 1" } }, { "id": "G1807", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "We take the following account of the death of Isaac Bonham from the Vicksburg Herald of August 14th:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1808", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Isaac Bonham, who was shot in the unfortunate affray between H. H. Moore and Jno. H. Coleman, last Saturday evening, breathed his last, at his late residence on South Mulberry street, at 6:30 a. m. Sunday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1809", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "at a time when he was interposing, in the heaven-blessed ministration of peace maker, to prevent the effusion of blood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1810", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "The deceased was a native of Berryville, Clarke county, Va., and at the time of his death was in the 37th year of his age.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1811", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "He went out at the age of 16 with the first volunteers that enlisted for the war from his native State, and entered the army as a private in the celebrated Clarke Cavalry, 6th Virginia, and served with distinction during the entire continuance of the hostilities.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1812", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "He was for a long time during that period engaged as special courier to Stonewall Jackson, a trying and dangerous post, which called for the exercises of the highest qualities of coolness, daring and bravery. He was captured and for a long time lingered in prison", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1813", "source_id": "S748", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham\"", "excerpt": "He became a citizen of Vicksburg in 1869", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1814", "source_id": "S750", "locator": "Page 1, \"Death of Burwell McGuire\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Burwell McGuire died at his home near town at five o'clock yesterday (Tuesday) morning, after a protracted illness from Bright's disease. He was in the sixty-seventh year of his age.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1815", "source_id": "S750", "locator": "Page 1, \"Death of Burwell McGuire\"", "excerpt": "Mr. McGuire was a gallant Confederate soldier during the war between the States, serving in the Clarke Cavalry, he then being only a youth in his 'teens.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1816", "source_id": "S750", "locator": "Page 1, \"Death of Burwell McGuire\"", "excerpt": "He had resided on his farm near Berryville for many years past, and had been a resident of the county all of his life.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1817", "source_id": "S749", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Chas. T. Jones\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Chas. T. Jones, a well known and popular citizen of Long Marsh district, in this county, died at his home on Tuesday evening, February 6th, about 7 o'clock, aged nearly 48 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1818", "source_id": "S749", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Chas. T. Jones\"", "excerpt": "He entered the Confederate army in 1864, when a lad of but 17 years, and shortly thereafter received a wound which disabled him for some time.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1819", "source_id": "S749", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of Chas. T. Jones\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Jones was a farmer by occupation, but represented the district in which he resided five or more years on our board of supervisors", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1820", "source_id": "S752", "locator": "Page 1, \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "During the last year of the civil war, Mr. Bowles, then a lad of sixteen joined the Confederate army and served under Capt. Jack Adams a noted calvary [sic] commander.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1821", "source_id": "S752", "locator": "Page 1, \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "Friends and acquaintances through the County were shocked to learn of the sudden death of Mr. W. W. Bowles at his home \"Glenvin\" a short distance East of Millwood on last Sunday morning", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1822", "source_id": "S752", "locator": "Page 1, \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Bowles was born near Winchester, the son of the late James and Rebecca Smith Bowles", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1823", "source_id": "S752", "locator": "Page 1, \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "He moved to Clarke County and soon became one of its most prominent and successful business men.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1824", "source_id": "S752", "locator": "Page 1, \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "He was 77 years of age.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1825", "source_id": "S751", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "While a resident of Charles Town for the past ten or twelve years the greater part of his life had been spent in Clarke county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1826", "source_id": "S751", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Reed was born in Winchester a little over eighty years ago, and was consequently scarcely more than a boy when he entered the Confederate service as a member of Company C., 12th Virginia Cavalry, General Rosser's, known as the \"Laurel Brigade,\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1827", "source_id": "S751", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Reed's remarkable business record began over forty years ago when he became a grain merchant.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1828", "source_id": "S751", "locator": "Page 1, \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest\"", "excerpt": "one of his last requests was that his Confederate badge of honor and a medal presented to him by the Sunday school of Marvin Chapel upon his retirement as superintendent after a service of thirty years, should be pinned on his breast after he had fallen into his long sleep and buried with him.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1829", "source_id": "S753", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 113, Edmond Pendleton, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, image 2 of 15 (Fold3 image id 11168865), muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1862, name, rank, company and enlistment", "excerpt": "Edmond Pendleton, 1[st?] Sergt, Co. C, 17 Batt’n Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov & Dec, 1862. Enlisted: When Sept 20, 1862. Where Clarke C. By whom Capt Harper. Period War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session, cropped to the card; an independent reviewer session (review W) read the crop and returned \"partly\"; the researcher re-keyed it (revision 23), and Main read the crop again on 2026-10-13 and returned \"supports\" on the reading recorded here. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 f0ed7213271d2832...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-17-2026-10-08/ (revision 23), research/publication-prep/pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/verdicts-review-w-packet17.csv and the hub verdict re-read of 2026-10-13, tie PILOT17-fold3-pendleton-edmund-enlistment" } }, { "id": "G1830", "source_id": "S753", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 113, Edmond Pendleton, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, image 6 of 15 (Fold3 image id 11168871), inspection-report card of Rosser’s Brigade, October 1864, absent officers accounted for", "excerpt": "Ed. Pendelton [sic], Lieut Co. C 11 Regt Va Cavly. Appears on an Inspection Report of Rosser’s Brigade, Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia [...] Absent commissioned officers accounted for: By what authority: Wounded. Date May 5, 1864.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session, cropped to the card; an independent reviewer session (review W) read the crop and returned \"partly\"; the researcher re-keyed it (revision 23), and Main read the crop again on 2026-10-13 and returned \"supports\" on the reading recorded here. A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 49758a1414f6ad44...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-17-2026-10-08/ (revision 23), research/publication-prep/pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/verdicts-review-w-packet17.csv and the hub verdict re-read of 2026-10-13, tie PILOT17-fold3-pendleton-edmund-wounded" } }, { "id": "G1831", "source_id": "S754", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 69, William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 3 of 18 (Fold3 image id 7224382), muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861", "excerpt": "William Moore, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov. & Dec, 1861. Enlisted: When May 15, 186[ ]. Where Harpers Ferry. By whom Capt Hardesty. Period 1 year.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 699353a66a3c96e3...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-moore-william-enlistment, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1832", "source_id": "S754", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 69, William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 18 of 18 (Fold3 image id 7224412), claim for a horse shot in action, 1863", "excerpt": "To 1 horse shot in action $375.00 I certify that the above account is just and correct and that the horse of William Moore Sgt Co (D) 6th Va Cavy was shot in the action of June 9th 1863 near Brandy Station [...]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 7544640f534fd926...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-moore-william-horse-claim, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1833", "source_id": "S754", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 69, William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 13 of 18 (Fold3 image id 7224401), parole card, April 1865", "excerpt": "W. J. Moore, Pvt Co. K, 6 Regt Va. Cav. Appears on a List of prisoners of war paroled April 19 and 20, 1865, at various places in Virginia and West Virginia. List dated Not dated, 186 . Date Apl. 20, 186[5]. By whom given [Wm. Russell Jr. A.A.G. Maj]. Where given Millwood Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 3a638487e25e5e97...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-moore-william-parole, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1834", "source_id": "S755", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 62, Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 2 of 34 (Fold3 image id 7947450), muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861", "excerpt": "Robert O. Allen, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Sept & Oct, 1861. Enlisted: When July 21, 186[ ]. Where Manassas. By whom Capt Nelson. Period 1 year.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 c5fecf31fdf25a9e...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-allen-robert-o-enlistment, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1835", "source_id": "S755", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 62, Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 11 of 34 (Fold3 image id 7947463), muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864", "excerpt": "R. O. Allen, 2 Lieut, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Sept & Oct, 1864. Present or absent: Absent. Remarks: Absent sick wounded in action June 9, 1863 Brandy Station.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 98c969d008d6b873...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-allen-robert-o-wounded, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1836", "source_id": "S755", "locator": "NARA M324 roll 62, Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, image 16 of 34 (Fold3 image id 7947471), register card of the Invalid Corps, November 1864", "excerpt": "R. O. Allen, 2 Lt Co D. 6 Regt Cavy Va. Appears on a Register of the Invalid Corps, P. A. C. S. Date of retirement Nov 15, 1864. Military station Richmond. When assigned to duty S.O. 279 Nov. 24, 1864. Where assigned To Maj. Gen[l]. Kemper.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read from the saved file by the Researcher session and cropped to the card; independent reviewer sessions read the crop and returned \"supports\" on the wording quoted here (research/publication-prep/pilot-review-u-2026-10-08/ or pilot-review-w-2026-10-08/). A digital reproduction viewed through a subscription provider, not the original record.", "crop": "Card crop (sha256 58204da4b3eff0b0...), the card as cut from the saved file; shown on the veteran page.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-evidence-packet-16-2026-10-08/ties.csv, tie PILOT16-fold3-allen-robert-o-invalid-corps, and the hub verdict re-bound to this locator on 2026-10-13" } }, { "id": "G1837", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 268, PDF p. 298 of the hosted copy, Lieut. R. O. Allen and Col. B. F. Davis", "excerpt": "Lieutenant Allen had shot from his pistol all but one load. [...] Colonel Davis, perceiving his danger, made a vicious stroke at Lieutenant Allen with his sword.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of the hosted digital reproduction on 2026-10-13, on the page image and on a crop of it. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Crop of the page render; the passage is shown on the story page.", "receipt": "editorial/wave154-brandy-station-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1838", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 269, PDF p. 301 of the hosted copy, Allen’s last shot", "excerpt": "Throwing himself quickly on the side of his horse, the sweep of Davis’ sword passed over him and in an instant Allen fired his remaining shot at Davis with an aim so true that he fell dead from his horse and Allen galloped off unharmed.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of the hosted digital reproduction on 2026-10-13, on the page image and on a crop of it. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Crop of the page render; the passage is shown on the story page.", "receipt": "editorial/wave154-brandy-station-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1839", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 269, PDF p. 301 of the hosted copy, Nicholas Moore wounded", "excerpt": "One of the men in the woods with Lieutenant Allen was Nicholas Moore, of the Clarke Cavalry, who received a very severe wound from a pistol shot which caused him to fall forward on his horse and to loose control of it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of the hosted digital reproduction on 2026-10-13, on the page image and on a crop of it. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Crop of the page render; the passage is shown on the story page.", "receipt": "editorial/wave154-brandy-station-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1840", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Unnumbered plate between printed pp. 268 and 269, PDF p. 299 of the hosted copy, portrait of R. O. Allen and its caption", "excerpt": "R. O. ALLEN LIEUTENANT, \"CLARKE CAVALRY\" (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY) He was the eldest of three brothers who served in the Confederate Army, two of whom lost their lives in the service (David H., who was mortally wounded at the First Battle of Manassas, and A. S., at Chancellorsville.)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of the hosted digital reproduction on 2026-10-13, on the page image and on a crop of it. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Crop of the page render; the passage is shown on the story page.", "receipt": "editorial/wave154-brandy-station-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1841", "source_id": "S39", "locator": "Printed p. 267, PDF p. 297 of the hosted copy, the road from Beverly’s Ford to Brandy Station", "excerpt": "suddenly, a little before daybreak, began the fording of the Rappahannock at Beverly’s Ford [...] the road, a narrow one, led through the hills overlooking the river, and thence on by way of St. James church to Brandy Station.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read as a 300 dpi render of the hosted digital reproduction on 2026-10-13, on the page image and on a crop of it. A digital reproduction of the book, not the book itself.", "crop": "Crop of the page render; the passage is shown on the story page.", "receipt": "editorial/wave154-brandy-station-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1842", "source_id": "S756", "locator": "Page 1, \"Local Boy Now in France,\" the photograph and its caption", "excerpt": "Local Boy Now in France [...] CAPT. LLOYD W. WILLIAMS Photo from Marine Corps Publicity Bureau", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1843", "source_id": "S756", "locator": "Page 1, \"Local Boy Now in France\"", "excerpt": "Captain Lloyd William Williams, United States Marine Corps, formerly of Berryville, has gone with the first contingent U. S. Marines for service overseas.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1844", "source_id": "S756", "locator": "Page 1, \"Local Boy Now in France\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, and was born June 5, 1887, in Berryville. He accepted appointment as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps January 8, 1910", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1845", "source_id": "S756", "locator": "Page 1, \"Local Boy Now in France\"", "excerpt": "He was commissioned first lieutenant June 12, 1916, and was assigned to expeditionary duty, serving on board the Vermont and in Cuba. He was commissioned Captain August 29, 1916.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1846", "source_id": "S757", "locator": "Page 1, \"Lloyd Williams Made a Major\"", "excerpt": "Lloyd William Williams, of Berryville, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, and one of the first Clarke boys to cross the Atlantic to fight the Huns, has been promoted from the rank of Captain to Major in the United States Marine Corps", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1847", "source_id": "S757", "locator": "Page 1, \"Lloyd Williams Made a Major\"", "excerpt": "Maj. Williams is the first Clarke boy, so far as is now known, to be rewarded for distinguished bravery and heroism in action.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1848", "source_id": "S758", "locator": "Page 1, \"Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France\"", "excerpt": "Mrs. Selina Williams, his wife, and Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin H. Williams, his father and mother, received a telegram from the War Department at Washington announcing that Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, of the United States Marine Corps, had died from wounds received in action on June 11.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1849", "source_id": "S758", "locator": "Page 1, \"Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams was born at \"Nottingham,\" in Clarke county, on June 5, 1887. He passed his boyhood days in Berryville", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1850", "source_id": "S758", "locator": "Page 1, \"Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France\"", "excerpt": "So far as available records show, Capt. Williams is the first son of Clarke to be killed in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1851", "source_id": "S759", "locator": "Page 1, \"Memorial Services at Grace Church\"", "excerpt": "Memorial services to Capt. Lloyd Williams, U. S. M. C., who died of wounds received in France on June 17, will be held at Grace Episcopl [sic] Church, on Sunday, July 21, at 4 p. m.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1852", "source_id": "S716", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "He said that on June 9th he was slightly wounded and was taken to a hospital in a small town (Lucy) back of the battle lines. [...] the shell falling in the room where Captian [sic] Williams was confined. It exploded and killed him instantly.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1853", "source_id": "S760", "locator": "Page 1, \"Details of Capt. Williams' Death\"", "excerpt": "On June 6th, Capt. Williams went alone into one of these wheat fields, to carry first aid to some of his wounded who were lying there. [...] In recognition of his gallantry, he was awarded the croix de guerre", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1854", "source_id": "S760", "locator": "Page 1, \"Details of Capt. Williams' Death\"", "excerpt": "Capt. Williams was wounded in the left arm and in the shoulder and had to be carried to the dressing station, at Lucy, a little town about two miles back of the line. Here, while his wounds were being dressed a shell exploded in the station and mortally wounded him.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1855", "source_id": "S760", "locator": "Page 1, \"Details of Capt. Williams' Death,\" the Red Cross letter", "excerpt": "He was wounded twice at Belleau Woods and fatally rewounded while being carried to or actually in the dressing station in the presence of the attending physician, a Dr. Petty. He was buried at La Ferte by Chaplain Father Brady.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1856", "source_id": "S760", "locator": "Page 1, the report of the death of Robert E. Russell", "excerpt": "He is the second son of Clarke county who has met death on the field of battle so far as official reports show. Capt. Lloyd Williams was the first.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1857", "source_id": "S761", "locator": "Page 1, \"Army Chaplain Tells of Capt. Williams' Heroism\"", "excerpt": "Dear Mrs. Williams:—I did not have the honor of burying Captain Williams as he died in one of the hospitals in the rear.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1858", "source_id": "S761", "locator": "Page 1, \"Army Chaplain Tells of Capt. Williams' Heroism\"", "excerpt": "If I remember rightly he was wounded again by the flying fragments of a bursting shell while being carried on a stretcher to the rear. This is what really brought about his death.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1859", "source_id": "S689", "locator": "Page 1, \"Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence Which Became American Battle-Cry in France\"", "excerpt": "A French major, moving with his battalion along the dark road and believing a general withdrawal had been ordered, told Williams to follow. \"Retreat?\" the American asked. \"Hell, no!\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1860", "source_id": "S689", "locator": "Page 1, \"Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence Which Became American Battle-Cry in France\"", "excerpt": "\"French drawing back through us. French major ordered me to withdraw with him. Told him to go to hell.\" \"WILLIAMS, C. O.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1861", "source_id": "S689", "locator": "Page 1, \"Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence Which Became American Battle-Cry in France\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams was killed six days later—June 12, 1918. [...] A distinguished service cross for extraordinary heroism was sent later to his home at Berryville, Va.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1862", "source_id": "S690", "locator": "Page 3, \"Another Version of Maj. Williams' Famous Saying\"", "excerpt": "\"Retreat hell, I just got here!\" Which story, born of the mood of those wonderful days, spread like the flu from continent to continent. It was not true. But it was not sheer invention.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1863", "source_id": "S690", "locator": "Page 3, \"Another Version of Maj. Williams' Famous Saying\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams of the Marines, getting into position with his company on the first day, was met by an excited French officer who told him that the order was to retreat, which, as far as the French troops were concerned, was quite true. And Captain Williams told him to go to hell.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1864", "source_id": "S690", "locator": "Page 3, \"Another Version of Maj. Williams' Famous Saying\"", "excerpt": "Captain Williams was wounded later, and when he was on the operating table in the dressing station he was killed by a random shell.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1865", "source_id": "S762", "locator": "Page 1, \"Clarke Boys Will Honor Memory of Capt. Williams\"", "excerpt": "In their application for the charter, they stated the post will be named in honor of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams, who made the supreme sacrifice in one of the first battles in which the American troops took part.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1866", "source_id": "S763", "locator": "Page 1, \"Maj. William's Body Reaches Here Today\"", "excerpt": "The body of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams, U. S. M. C., which reached New York last week from France, where it had been interred for three years, will arrive at Berryville this (Thursday) morning at 9 o'clock for final religious services and burial.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1867", "source_id": "S763", "locator": "Page 1, \"Maj. William's Body Reaches Here Today\"", "excerpt": "The funeral services will be held at 6 o'clock p.m. in Grace Church, after which the burial will be in the Williams' lot in Green Hill Cemetary [sic].", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1868", "source_id": "S357", "locator": "Page 1, \"1000 Home People Honor Maj. Williams\"", "excerpt": "On Thursday last, just as the sun went down behind the rugged heights of the Alleghenies, all that is mortal of that gallant soldier and son of Clarke, Major Lloyd W. Williams, United States Marine Corps, who was killed in France in the world war, was laid in its last resting place on a beautiful slope of Green Hill Cemetery", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on 2026-10-14 on a crop of the Library of Congress page image, cut to the printed block that holds the passage.", "crop": "IIIF region of the page image, located from the page's ALTO block coordinates.", "receipt": "editorial/wave155-lloyd-w-williams-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1869", "source_id": "S357", "locator": "Page 1, \"1000 Home People Honor Maj. Williams\"", "excerpt": "he had replied to the French staff officers information that the French were falling back and that he should do the same, \"Fall back hell, We are going to advance,\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on 2026-10-14 on a crop of the Library of Congress page image, cut to the printed block that holds the passage.", "crop": "IIIF region of the page image, located from the page's ALTO block coordinates.", "receipt": "editorial/wave155-lloyd-w-williams-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1870", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County,\" the entry for Lloyd William Williams", "excerpt": "Lloyd William Williams, deceased Berryville, for whom the local post of the American Legion in [sic] named, captain of the 51st company of Marines, French croix de guerre with palms. [...] Also silver star citation, Chateau Thierry, June 3, 1918", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on 2026-10-14 on a crop of the Library of Congress page image, cut to the printed block that holds the passage.", "crop": "IIIF region of the page image, located from the page's ALTO block coordinates.", "receipt": "editorial/wave155-lloyd-w-williams-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1871", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County,\" the entry for Lloyd William Williams, continued", "excerpt": "For his great bravery and conspicuous leadership in the Bois de Belleau on June 6, 1918, when with one officer left in his company and with more than 50 per cent casaulties [sic] among his enlisted men continued fighting until he was severely wounded by machine gun fire, and later killed by shell fire.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on 2026-10-14 on a crop of the Library of Congress page image, cut to the printed block that holds the passage.", "crop": "IIIF region of the page image, located from the page's ALTO block coordinates.", "receipt": "editorial/wave155-lloyd-w-williams-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1872", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Page 1, \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County,\" the entry for John R. Castleman", "excerpt": "John R. Castleman, Berryville, first lieut. air service pilot, distinguished service cross, Romagne, France, Oct. 5, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on 2026-10-14 on a crop of the Library of Congress page image, cut to the printed block that holds the passage.", "crop": "IIIF region of the page image, located from the page's ALTO block coordinates.", "receipt": "editorial/wave155-lloyd-w-williams-001/apply.mjs (this tranche)" } }, { "id": "G1873", "source_id": "S765", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action,\" the headline, opening and photograph", "excerpt": "Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action [...] The death of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, son of Mrs. Melvin Shackleford and the late Mr. Shackleford, presumably in action in France, was reported on Sunday by the War Department who wired the soldier's mother.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1874", "source_id": "S765", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action\"", "excerpt": "His death occurred August 10, the wire stated, but it did not state that he was killed in action.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1875", "source_id": "S765", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action\"", "excerpt": "If Pvt. Shackleford was killed in action, is [sic] the first such casualty suffered by any Clarke county soldier, it is believed. Several soldiers from the county have been killed or died, but none have been killed in action.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1876", "source_id": "S765", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action\"", "excerpt": "Pvt. Shackleford was inducted into the army when the National Guard was mustered into service in February of 1941.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1877", "source_id": "S766", "locator": "Page 20, \"Pvt. Shackleford\" (continued from page 1)", "excerpt": "of 16 years, and was 21 years old at his death. [...] He left this country September 26, 1942 and was stationed in England until the invasion of France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1878", "source_id": "S764", "locator": "Page 16, local item on Pfc. Fred H. Shackleford", "excerpt": "Mrs. Mervin Shackleford has received word from her youngest son, Pfc. Fred H. Shackleford, that he is now out of the hospital but has to report there every morning for treatment to his injured knee. He has been in the hospital since February", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1879", "source_id": "S767", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot\"", "excerpt": "Pvt. Fred Shackleford, whose death was reported last week in France, was accidentally shot, according tb [sic] a wire received by his mother, Mrs. Mervin Shackleford on Monday.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1880", "source_id": "S767", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot\"", "excerpt": "It was assumed that he had been killed in action, as he had written his mother the same day his death was reported, which was August 10.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1881", "source_id": "S767", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot\"", "excerpt": "Pvt. Shackleford was inducted with the National Guard in February, 1941 at the age of 16.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1882", "source_id": "S635", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds\"", "excerpt": "Pvt. Fred Shackleford, who was killed accidentally in France on August 10, died as a result of 18 bullet wounds in his chest from a captured German sub-machine gun held by a companion of his outfit.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1883", "source_id": "S635", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds\"", "excerpt": "It was while a group of his unit was examining the sub-machine gun when it was discharged accidentally. He was with the 29th Division.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1884", "source_id": "S768", "locator": "Page 10, \"One Year Ago\" column", "excerpt": "ONE YEAR AGO [...] Pvt. Fred Shackleford is killed in action in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1885", "source_id": "S769", "locator": "Page 11, \"One Year Ago\" column", "excerpt": "ONE YEAR AGO [...] Pvt. Fred Shackleford is accidentally killed in France while examining a captured German gun.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1886", "source_id": "S770", "locator": "Page 1, \"Report Of War Department Lists 9 Killed In Action And 11 Died In Non-Action\"", "excerpt": "Report Of War Department Lists 9 Killed In Action And 11 Died In Non-Action The War Department has released a list today of the honor list of dead and missing of World War II, showing that Clarke county lost 26 men during the war.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1887", "source_id": "S771", "locator": "Page 16, \"26 County Men\" (continued from page 1)", "excerpt": "Died (Non-battle), 11 [...] Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, and Pvt. Clifton P. Zombro.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1888", "source_id": "S772", "locator": "Page 13, \"Three Years Ago\" column", "excerpt": "THREE YEARS AGO [...] Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford dies of wounds in France.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1889", "source_id": "S773", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred\"", "excerpt": "The body of Pvt. Fred Howard Shackleford will arrive in Berryville tomorrow for funeral services to be conducted Sunday afternoon from his late home in Berryville.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1890", "source_id": "S773", "locator": "Page 1, \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred\"", "excerpt": "Pvt. Shackleford was killed August 10, 1944, 14 miles south of St. Lo, France. He was accidentally shot while examining captured machine guns. He entered the army with Company I, 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was born May 4, 1923.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1891", "source_id": "S774", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Thomas H. Shearer, one of the best known business men of Millwood, died shortly after midnight Thursday night at his home, after a brief illness of typhoid fever.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1892", "source_id": "S774", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Shearer slept in his store, and on Wednesday night stayed there as usual.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1893", "source_id": "S774", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Shearer was about fifty years of age, and unmarried.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1894", "source_id": "S774", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Shearer at the time of his death conducted a general merchandise store in Millwood.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1895", "source_id": "S774", "locator": "Page 3, \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "excerpt": "During the civil war he served in the Confederate army as a member of Nelson Rifles, Second Virginia Regiment, Stonewall Brigade. Mr. Shearer was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1896", "source_id": "S775", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of Samuel Ritter", "excerpt": "Samuel Ritter, one of the oldest citizens of Frederick county, died last Wednesday, aged 84 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1897", "source_id": "S775", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of Samuel Ritter", "excerpt": "During the civil war he served in the Confederate army as a member of Captain William M. Nelson's Clarke county Infantry, and was seriously wounded at the first battle of Manassas. He never fully recovered from the wound.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1898", "source_id": "S776", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell", "excerpt": "Mr. John P. Yowell, a well known resident of this county, died at his home one mile south of Boyce Monday morning.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1899", "source_id": "S776", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell", "excerpt": "Mr. Yowell had been in ill health for a long time and suffered from wounds received in battle during the Civil War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1900", "source_id": "S776", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell", "excerpt": "Mr. Yowell was 65 years of age", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1901", "source_id": "S776", "locator": "Page 3, a local item on the death of John P. Yowell", "excerpt": "During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army as a member of Company E, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, and was severely wounded at the battle of Kernstown.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1902", "source_id": "S777", "locator": "Page 3, the death notice of Thomas J. Russell", "excerpt": "Mr. Thomas J. Russell, a well known farmer and highly esteemed citizen of the county, died at his home three miles west of Berryville on Friday night of last week, aged 62 years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1903", "source_id": "S777", "locator": "Page 3, the death notice of Thomas J. Russell", "excerpt": "He had been a sufferer for years, the result of a wound received during the Civil war, at the battle of Brandy Station, as he was a member of the Clarke Cavalry. For the past two years his health declined rapidly.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1904", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Thomas Sewell Chamblin, member of one of the oldest and most substantial families of Loudoun county", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1905", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "died at 2 o'clock, Tuesday morning, April 28, at his home, \"The Highlands,\" near White Post, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1906", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "he enlisted in the Confederate service in May, 1861.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1907", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "He went into the army as a member of Company H, First Virginia Cavalry.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1908", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Chamblin was wounded in the arm during an engagement on July 21, 1861, and was always partly crippled. He remained in the service as a good and faithful soldier until he was paroled in Winchester on April 29, 1865, by R. B. Granger, assistant provost marshal general.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1909", "source_id": "S778", "locator": "Page 4, \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "excerpt": "Mr. Chamblin was for many years president of the Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society of Winchester,", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1910", "source_id": "S682", "locator": "Fold3 file id 7948999, \"Ashby, J Lewis\", Sixth Cavalry; the January 1864 Requisition for Forage for Public Horses [No. 32], page 15 of 23 within the file", "excerpt": "Requisition for Forage for Public Horses, one, in the service of Lewis Ashby, Company D, 6th Regiment, of Va Cavy, C. S. Army, for 31 days, commencing the 1st of January 1864, and ending on the 31st of January 1864, at Harrisonburg Hospital. [Certificate signed:] Jas L Ashby Co D 6th Regt. Received at Harrisonburg the 1st of January 1864, of Capt A Baker A Q M, 372 pounds of corn, 434 pounds of hay. [Signed:] Jas L Ashby Co D 6th Regt Cav.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1599", "source_id": "S335", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 29, 1922, page 4 of the issue, per the Library of Congress record (printed page not recorded: the page prints no number), letter \"Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal\", last lines", "excerpt": "wrote of Ben Adhem: \"Here lies one who loved his fellowman.\" W. A. B.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review N (revision 14)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 b3cc0656059a6380...), box 1498,3573 380x90 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-n-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-n-rev14.csv, tie WO09-moore-19220629-letter-ending, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1603", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, report \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\", citations, the passage beginning \"-tection and also destroyed two of...\"", "excerpt": "tection and also destroyed two of the enemy planes.\" Also silver star citation, Cunel, France, same day \"for gallantry in action.\"", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 c44956cb0cdc4550...), box 1494,2779 330x864 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-castleman-19230426-war-honors-dsc-cont, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1604", "source_id": "S289", "locator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923, page 1, report \"Ten War Honors For Clarke County\", citations, the passage beginning \"William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd...\"", "excerpt": "William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross, St. Etienne, Oct. 4, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action. After he had been severely wounded by a shell, he managed, by a sumpeme [sic] effort, to regain sufficient consciousness to acquaint his successor with the necessary information for continuance of the struggle.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "Read on a crop of the Library of Congress page image on 2026-10-07; an independent reviewer (review L (revision 11)) returned \"supports\" on the whole reviewed passage that contains this stretch. A fresh reading against this segment's own locator is requested in research/publication-prep/evidence-images-older-2026-10-07/. The page image is a digital reproduction of the newspaper, not the paper itself.", "crop": "Document-only crop (sha256 c44956cb0cdc4550...), box 1494,2779 330x864 pixels of the saved half-size page image; held privately, not shown.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/pilot-review-l-2026-10-07/verdicts-review-l-rev11.csv, tie WO09-reynolds-19230426-war-honors-citation, at 889aec10" } }, { "id": "G1911", "source_id": "S779", "locator": "Page 38, entry for Nancy Edwards, died 23 Dec 1853", "excerpt": "EDWARDS, Nancy; white female; d. 23 Dec 1853; pod: county; cause: putria sore throat; age: 9y; par: Henry & Mary Ann EDWARDS; pob: county; occ: not given; status: not given; inf: Henry EDWARDS, father; pg:l: 86:24", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1912", "source_id": "S779", "locator": "Page 38, entry for Sarah F. Edwards, died 30 Dec 1853", "excerpt": "EDWARDS, Sarah F.; white female; d. 30 Dec 1853; pod: county; cause: putria sore throat; age: 6y; par: Henry & Mary Ann EDWARDS; pob: county; occ: not given; status: not given; inf: Henry EDWARDS, father; pg:l: 86:25", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1913", "source_id": "S779", "locator": "Page 161, entry under Nancy Allen, owner, for a death of 1 Feb 1853", "excerpt": "Name not given; slave female; d. 1 Feb 1853; pod: county; cause: typhoid fever; age: 1y 4m; pob: not given; owner: ALLEN, Nancy; inf: Nancy ALLEN, owner; pg:l: 88:42", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1914", "source_id": "S779", "locator": "Page 6, entry for Silas William Ball, died 14 Nov 1887", "excerpt": "BALL, Silas William; colored male; d. 14 Nov 1887; pod: Clarke Co., Chapel Dist.; cause: consumption; age: 22y; par: Jas. & Agnes; pob: Clarke Co.; occ: laborer; status: not given; inf: Alf'd. BALL, friend & neighbor; pg:l: 160:4", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1915", "source_id": "S779", "locator": "Page 40, entry for Robert Elwell, died 1 Jul 1894", "excerpt": "ELWELL, Robert; white male; d. 1 Jul 1894; pod: Battletown Dist.; cause: chol. infantum; age: 2m; par: Wm. & Martha ELWELL; pob: Clarke Co.; occ: not given; status: not given; inf: Wm. ELWELL, father; pg:l: 178:45", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1916", "source_id": "S780", "locator": "Page 3, NEW COUNTIES", "excerpt": "We learn that a public meeting was held at Berryville, on Saturday last, on the subject of dividing the county of Frederick. It is stated that the people within the limits of the proposed new county are almost unanimous in its favour.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1917", "source_id": "S782", "locator": "Page 1, the petition, the commissioner of the revenue's count", "excerpt": "I find in the district proposed for the New County, 748 white male persons over 16 years of age, 1654 slaves over 16 years of age, and 7 free male negroes over 16 years of age, making 2409 heads subject to county and parish levies.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1918", "source_id": "S782", "locator": "Page 1, the petition, on the new court-house and jail", "excerpt": "For ourselves, who, without being consulted, would be compelled to bear a large portion of the cost of those expensive buildings, we must beg leave to enter our positive dissent to those projects", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1919", "source_id": "S793", "locator": "Page 2, House of Delegates, Tuesday, January 14", "excerpt": "The question was taken by ayes and noes, and the amendment carried, Ayes 76, Noes 53. So the House decided against the new county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1920", "source_id": "S234", "locator": "Page 2, letter against division, ending with OLD FREDERICK", "excerpt": "Choose for your safe beacon fires, internal improvement and the integrity of OLD FREDERICK.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The Virginia Chronicle page image of WVR18340329.1.2, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-17 for this passage only.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/clarke-founding-1836/IMAGE_CHECKS.md, row WVR18340329.1.2, at aa0c103d" } }, { "id": "G1921", "source_id": "S234", "locator": "Page 2, letter headed TO THE VOTERS OF FREDERICK COUNTY, for division", "excerpt": "the three former representatives are all from without the proposed limits and have shown their determination to afford no aid to the wishes of the people who reside within them; if you determine to support them, to the entire exclusion of those who reside within the district; you will effectually bar the door of petition", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The Virginia Chronicle page image of WVR18340329.1.2, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-17 for this passage only.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/clarke-founding-1836/IMAGE_CHECKS.md, row WVR18340329.1.2, at aa0c103d" } }, { "id": "G1922", "source_id": "S798", "locator": "Page 2, the Frederick election", "excerpt": "the local question of a division of the county merged every other consideration at the polls, and that the gentlemen elected, were chosen with little or no reference to federal politics.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1923", "source_id": "S804", "locator": "Page 3, the House of Delegates, credited to the Richmond Compiler", "excerpt": "Mr. Gibson moved to amend the report, so as to reject the petition, and called for the ayes and noes", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1924", "source_id": "S804", "locator": "Page 3, the House of Delegates, credited to the Richmond Compiler", "excerpt": "and rejected; ayes 49, noes 61. A bill will accordingly be reported, embracing the prayer of the Petitioners.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1925", "source_id": "S812", "locator": "Page 2, House of Delegates, the day before Thursday, February 26", "excerpt": "A bill, forming a new county out of part of the county of Frederick, came up on its second reading", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1926", "source_id": "S812", "locator": "Page 2, House of Delegates, the day before Thursday, February 26", "excerpt": "the bill was indefinitely postponed.—Ayes 47.---Noes 44.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1927", "source_id": "S813", "locator": "Page 3, Frederick County returns, from the last Winchester Virginian", "excerpt": "he was voted for by a number exclusively on account of his exertions against the division of the county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1928", "source_id": "S819", "locator": "Page 2, Richmond correspondence", "excerpt": "It is impossible to say what will be the fate of this application, as the most earnest opposition will again be made to it.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1929", "source_id": "S830", "locator": "Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5", "excerpt": "his motion was agreed to—Ayes 49, Noes 49—The Speaker voting in the affirmative.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1930", "source_id": "S830", "locator": "Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5", "excerpt": "the name of Clarke was given to the new county, in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1931", "source_id": "S830", "locator": "Page 3, NEW COUNTY, House of Delegates, Saturday, March 5", "excerpt": "the bill passed by the following vote:", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1932", "source_id": "S830", "locator": "Page 3, the vote on the bill, totals", "excerpt": "Saunders—84.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1933", "source_id": "S830", "locator": "Page 3, the vote on the bill, totals", "excerpt": "Stanard—29.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1934", "source_id": "S826", "locator": "Page 3, the Senate", "excerpt": "On Tuesday, the bills for establishing two new counties out of parts of Frederick and Shenandoah, passed the Senate almost unanimously.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1935", "source_id": "S833", "locator": "Page 3, the two new counties", "excerpt": "The county including Berryville is to be called Clarke, after the celebrated George Rogers Clarke", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1936", "source_id": "S832", "locator": "Page 2, NEW COUNTIES", "excerpt": "The Legislature has shorn the counties of Frederick and Shenandoah of their strength, and reduced the former to a second rate.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1937", "source_id": "S834", "locator": "Page 2, the act forming Clarke County", "excerpt": "shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Clarke county. The Governor shall commission nineteen persons as justices of the peace", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1938", "source_id": "S835", "locator": "Page 2, the first court", "excerpt": "The justices of the new county of Clarke assembled in Berryville, according to law, on Monday last.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1939", "source_id": "S835", "locator": "Page 2, the first court", "excerpt": "GEORGE H. NORRIS, Esq., being the oldest in commission, assumed the duties of the Sheriffalty; JOHN HAY, Esq. was chosen Clerk of the County Court; and JOHN E. PAGE, Esq. Commonwealth's Attorney.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1940", "source_id": "S841", "locator": "Page 2, CLARKE ELECTION", "excerpt": "The first election in the new county of Clarke was held on Monday last.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1941", "source_id": "S841", "locator": "Page 2, CLARKE ELECTION", "excerpt": "For the H. of D.—Nathaniel Burwell, Esq., 150; Col. Wm. Carson 2.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1942", "source_id": "S857", "locator": "Scan page 5, the pamphlet's title page", "excerpt": "THE MEMORIAL AND PETITION OF SUNDRY INHABITANTS OF THE EASTERN PART OF FREDERICK COUNTY, PRAYING The Formation of a New County. PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE VIRGINIA FREE PRESS. 1833.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1943", "source_id": "S857", "locator": "Scan page 19, the docket on the pamphlet's cover", "excerpt": "Decr. 11th 1833 refd. to Props. Jany. 1st 1834, Reasonable. 2d Resolution reported.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1944", "source_id": "S862", "locator": "Scan page 4, the first signatures, bracketed \"Magistrates\"", "excerpt": "Geo H. Norris, James Wigginton, Edwd J. Smith, Treadwell Smith, Natt. Burwell, Jno Hay, Francis B. Whiting, P. Smith. Magistrates", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1945", "source_id": "S858", "locator": "Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance", "excerpt": "Your remonstrants oppose the prayer of the petitioners from Berryville and its neighborhood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1946", "source_id": "S868", "locator": "Scan page 14, the docket", "excerpt": "Pn Frederick Cty for a New County. Decr 4th 1834 refd to Props. Jany 21st Reasonable. 22nd Resol. reported. Feby 12th Bill reported.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1955", "source_id": "S881", "locator": "Scan page 1, the census return, its opening", "excerpt": "We Richard M Sydnor and Wilford G. Settle, State, that in pursuance of an act of assembly passed February 28th 1835 we have taken the census of the North east part of Frederick County", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1947", "source_id": "S881", "locator": "Scan page 1, Robert Page's sum in the margin", "excerpt": "3125 white persons 3508 Slaves 160 Free Negroes 6793 the whole number according to the above", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1948", "source_id": "S881", "locator": "Scan page 1, the census return", "excerpt": "conceiving that such slaves were not inhabitants of the district at the time of taking the census We refused to place them on the list.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1949", "source_id": "S878", "locator": "Scan page 36, Wilford G. Settle to Robert Page, Winchester, November 30, 1835", "excerpt": "the true amount of population is 6793", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1950", "source_id": "S879", "locator": "Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance", "excerpt": "the wealth of the county is in that corner of it where its population is not", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1951", "source_id": "S879", "locator": "Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance", "excerpt": "if this scheme of division is abandoned, our friends of the Battletown vicinity will be restored to a full participation in all the honors of the county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1952", "source_id": "S879", "locator": "Scan page 1, the printed remonstrance, its closing", "excerpt": "the undersigned remonstrate against every division of the county, but most earnestly and emphatically against the Battletown division.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1953", "source_id": "S878", "locator": "Scan page 31, the docket", "excerpt": "Pn Frederick for a new County to be formed from the eastern portion of said county. Decr 9th 1835 refd to Props. Jany 29th Reasonable. 30 Resoln reported. Feby 18th Bill reported. Presented by Mr Griggs", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1954", "source_id": "S882", "locator": "Scan page 3, the docket", "excerpt": "Remonstrance against Division of Frederick Cty. Jany 8th 1836 refd to Props. Jany 29th Rejected.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1956", "source_id": "S829", "locator": "Page 3, the Senate, credited to the Richmond Courier", "excerpt": "The bill forming a new county, out of a part of Frederick to be called Clark, in memory of George Rogers Clark, and the bill forming a new county out of parts of Shenandoah and Frederick to be called Warren, in remembrance of Gen. Warren, both passed the Senate yesterday, by almost unanimous votes.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The Virginia Chronicle page image of AG18360312.1.3, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, read on 2026-10-18 for this passage only.", "receipt": "research/publication-prep/clarke-founding-1836/IMAGE_CHECKS.md, row AG18360312.1.3, at b7fee4a0" } }, { "id": "G1957", "source_id": "S01", "locator": "Opening paragraph, after the date the county was established", "excerpt": "It is named for George Rogers Clark (no “e”), a Virginian who became the highest-ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1958", "source_id": "S886", "locator": "Early Years", "excerpt": "He was born on November 19, 1752, near Charlottesville in Albemarle County and grew up on the family’s small farm in Caroline County.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1959", "source_id": "S886", "locator": "Summary", "excerpt": "Following another stroke, he died at Locust Grove, in Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1818.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": false, "original_status": "description_of_original" }, { "id": "G1960", "source_id": "S887", "locator": "Page 20, Chap. 19, heading", "excerpt": "CHAP. 19.—An ACT forming a new county out of the county of Frederick. [Passed March 8, 1836.]", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1961", "source_id": "S887", "locator": "Page 20, Chap. 19, section 1", "excerpt": "shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Clarke county.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1962", "source_id": "S888", "locator": "Page 194, the third reading of the Frederick bill", "excerpt": "An engrossed bill, forming a new county out of the county of Frederick, was read a third time, a blank therein was filled, and the question being put upon its passage, was determined in the affirmative. Ayes 84, noes 29.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1963", "source_id": "S888", "locator": "Page Doc. No. 6, 3, report of the commissioner of revolutionary claims, his fourth duty", "excerpt": "to investigate and adjust the claims against the state of Virginia, for supplies in money or otherwise, made to the Illinois regiment, under the command of George Rogers Clark", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1964", "source_id": "S890", "locator": "Page 38, Virginia, Western District, slaves and total, row Clarke", "excerpt": "Clarke ... 576 | 503 | 328 | 269 | 95 | .... | 552 | 426 | 260 | 210 | 105 | 1 | 6,353", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1965", "source_id": "S890", "locator": "Page 37, Virginia, Western District, free colored persons, row Clarke", "excerpt": "Clarke ... 30 | 16 | 8 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 28 | 21 | 17 | 14 | 8 | ..", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1966", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 18, line 17 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228)", "excerpt": "Philip Burwill ... 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | . | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | . ... 93", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1967", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 18, line 3 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228)", "excerpt": "John E Page Ex ... 15 | 7 | . | 7 | 5 | . | 14 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | . ... 88", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1968", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 17, line 17 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K4M and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHZ)", "excerpt": "L Lewis ... 15 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | . | 16 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | . ... 83", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1969", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 3, line 18 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K2Y and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9LDQ)", "excerpt": "Joseph Tuly ... 12 | 8 | 15 | 8 | 7 | . | 7 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 1 | . ... 78", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1970", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 12, line 20 (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92G1 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92RL)", "excerpt": "Geo H Burwell ... 5 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 2 | . | 17 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 2 | . ... 81", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1971", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 3, line 21 (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K2Y and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9LDQ)", "excerpt": "Nath Burwell Sen ... 9 | 7 | . | 20 | 1 | . | 5 | 6 | 15 | 2 | 2 | . ... 70", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1972", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 1, line 21, free colored and slaves (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF7 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KJ7)", "excerpt": "Fairfax Taylor ... free colored 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . ... slaves . | . | 1 | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | 1 | . ... 8", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1973", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 12, line 10, free colored and slaves (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92G1 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92RL)", "excerpt": "Jacob Vanmeter ... free colored . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . ... slaves . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . ... 2", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1974", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 4, line 11, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KC6 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWG)", "excerpt": "James Murray ... free colored 4 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | . ... 13", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1975", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page v, Introduction, first paragraph", "excerpt": "He manumitted over six hundred slaves over the course of many years.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1976", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page v, Introduction, second paragraph", "excerpt": "Besides usually a separate list of free negroes, frequently there was a column for free blacks/negroes in the master list with a number on the line of a white tithable.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1977", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 1, row 15, tax year 1836", "excerpt": "Whiting | Thomas | 1836 | >16 | | 2 tithables, 4 slaves >12, 1 horse, tax 1.06", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1978", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 1, row 16, tax year 1836", "excerpt": "Wilkerson | Daniel | 1836 | >16 | | 1 carryall val 50, 1 horse, tax 1.06", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1979", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 3, row 36, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Clifton | John | 1840", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1980", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 7, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Hall | Silva | 1840 | | | 2 tithables, 2 horses, tax .16", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1981", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 9, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Irvin | Frank | 1840", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1982", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 13, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Murray | James | 1840 | | | 2 horses, tax .16", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1983", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 15, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Robinson | Hannah | 1840 | | | 1 horse, tax .08", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1984", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 19, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Wilkinson | Kitty | 1840 | | | 1 horse, 1 barouche val 20, tax 2.08", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1985", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 21, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "x | | 1840 | | | | 1 free black no name listed with Algernon S Allen", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1986", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 23, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "x | | 1840 | | | | 1 free black no name listed with Isaac Irving Hite", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1987", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 24, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "x | | 1840 | | | | 1 free black no name listed with John Jolliffe", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1988", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 25, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "x | | 1840 | | | | 1 free black no name listed with Richard MS Timberlake", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1989", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 26, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "x | | 1840 | | | | 1 free black no name listed with John Wood", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1990", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 5, row 27, tax year 1841", "excerpt": " | Gabriel | 1841 | >16 | | 1 horse, tax .125", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1991", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 6, row 33, tax year 1843", "excerpt": " | Nanny | 1843 | | | | at BVille", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1992", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 10, row 30, tax year 1850", "excerpt": "Newman | Washington | 1850 | | | | bound out", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1993", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 11, row 19, tax year 1851", "excerpt": "Diggs | Robert | 1851 | 22 | shoe maker | tax 1.00 | John Kable to pay", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1994", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 11, row 28, tax year 1851", "excerpt": "Harris | Mowen | 1851 | 41 | stone mason | 3 slaves >16, tax 2.14", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1995", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 12, row 23, tax year 1851", "excerpt": "Robinson | Nancy | 1851 | 65 | | | with Mrs S R Page", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1996", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 20, row 9, tax year 1861", "excerpt": "Harris | Mowen | 1861 | | | 1 horse val 30, 2 cattle val 30, 4 hogs val 10, 1 clock val 5, household & kitchen furniture val 50, tax 1.30", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1997", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 20, row 11, tax year 1861", "excerpt": "Howard | Walter | 1861 | 60 | blacksmith", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1998", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 3, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Diggs | John | 1840", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G1999", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 16, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Smith | Bristo | 1840", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2000", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 4, row 20, tax year 1840", "excerpt": "Williams | John | 1840 | | | 2 horses, tax .16", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2001", "source_id": "S891", "locator": "Page 1, row 9, tax year 1836", "excerpt": "Harris | Mowen | 1836 | >16", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2002", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 9, line 17, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KH3 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92DX); the given name read again on the image on 26 Oct 2026", "excerpt": "Sylva Hall ... free colored 2 | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | . | . ... 10", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2003", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 15, line 22, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWB)", "excerpt": "Frank Irwin ... free colored 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . ... 10", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2004", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 15, line 17, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWB)", "excerpt": "Thos Gray ... free colored 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 4 | . | 1 | 1 | . | . ... 8", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2005", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 5, line 9, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KFS and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF3)", "excerpt": "John Clifton ... free colored 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | 2 | . | 1 | . | . ... 6", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2006", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 9, line 25, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KH3 and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92DX)", "excerpt": "Hannah Robinson ... free colored . | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | 1 | . ... 6", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2007", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 15, line 15, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWB)", "excerpt": "A S Allen ... free colored . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | .", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2008", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 5, line 19, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KFS and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF3)", "excerpt": "Isaac I Hite ... free colored . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | .", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2009", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 3, line 15, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K2Y and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9LDQ)", "excerpt": "John Jolliffe ... free colored . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | .", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2010", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 4, line 21, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KC6 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KWG)", "excerpt": "R M S Timberlake ... free colored 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | .", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2011", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 6, line 20, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K4N and 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92TZ)", "excerpt": "John Wood ... free colored . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | .", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2012", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 1, line 19, free colored (images 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF7 and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KJ7)", "excerpt": "John Diggs ... free colored 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . ... 3", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2013", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 7, line 23, free colored (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-925X and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9K6Z)", "excerpt": "Bristo Smith ... free colored . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . ... 2", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2014", "source_id": "S889", "locator": "Page 16, line 13, free colored (images 3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92JM and 3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KZV)", "excerpt": "John Williams ... free colored . | 1 | . | 1 | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | . | . ... 4", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2015", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 46, [A:142], will of Thomas T. Byrd, 16 Feb 1840", "excerpt": "Will of 16 Feb 1840: frees man Gabriel, Sam. WYMAN Jr. & wife (his niece) Mary of Baltimore (given children of Ann Preston (Thomas Whiting called Tinko & Maria Louisa) who are freed at age 25y)", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 46 (scan image 52) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [A:142]." } }, { "id": "G2016", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 47, [A:369], appraisal and inventory of the estate of Thomas T. Byrd, 30 Sep 1840", "excerpt": "Negroes Gabriel to be emancipated, Thomas alias Thomas Cooper, Thomas alias Thomas Laws, Thomas alias Thomas Preston abt 10y old to be emancipated, very old Solomon, Anne alias Anne Preston & her infant child Maria to be emancipated", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 47 (scan image 53) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [A:369]." } }, { "id": "G2017", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 47, [B:016], settlement of the estate of Thomas T. Byrd, recorded 24 Mar 1845", "excerpt": "Distribution of slaves to: Samuel WYMAN Jr. & wife (took Thomas Whiting & Maria Louisa the children of Ann Preston), Mrs. Ellen BUCHANAN (took Ann Preston early in 1843), rest of slaves were taken by Mrs. Maria C. NICHOLAS at the end of 1843.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 47 (scan image 53) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:016]." } }, { "id": "G2018", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 38, [A:027], will of Ann R. Page, 9 Feb 1838", "excerpt": "Jack and Billy to be sent to Liberia", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 38 (scan image 44) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [A:027]." } }, { "id": "G2020", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 48, [A:159], will of Dr. Henry W. Snyder, 21 Nov 1840", "excerpt": "Will of 21 Nov 1840: frees man James", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 48 (scan image 54) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [A:159]." } }, { "id": "G2021", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 62, [B:049], will of Mrs. Catharine Milton, 12 Jan 1841", "excerpt": "servants including John & Robin Lovet both who are to be freed", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 62 (scan image 68) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:049]." } }, { "id": "G2022", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 78, [B:401], will of Samuel Bryarly, 1 Feb 1844", "excerpt": "frees Negro man John", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 78 (scan image 84) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:401]." } }, { "id": "G2023", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 66, [B:188], will of Mrs. Elizabeth Crampton, 6 Mar 1845", "excerpt": "frees all Negroes at death of her son, free Negro woman Catharine & any children", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 66 (scan image 72) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:188]." } }, { "id": "G2024", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 91, [C:334], will of Frederick Clopton, 1845", "excerpt": "frees Negroes and wants them moved to PA or some other free state", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 91 (scan image 97) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [C:334]." } }, { "id": "G2025", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 65, [B:133], nuncupative will of Miss Anna Mercer Harrison, 28 Jul 1846", "excerpt": "Negroes can be sent to Liberia", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 65 (scan image 71) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:133]." } }, { "id": "G2026", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 74, [B:320], will of John Richardson, 4 Aug 1848", "excerpt": "slave Aaron freed", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 74 (scan image 80) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [B:320]." } }, { "id": "G2027", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 89, [C:232], will of Mary Howard, 9 May 1850", "excerpt": "frees servants Easter, Strother & Sarepta Jane and all other slaves if financially possible", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 89 (scan image 95) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [C:232]." } }, { "id": "G2028", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 90, [C:273], appraisal and inventory of the estate of Mary Howard, ordered 27 Mar 1854", "excerpt": "servants Strother, Jane & 2 children & Easter of no value", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 90 (scan image 96) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [C:273]." } }, { "id": "G2029", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 116, [E:294], will of Elizabeth N. Carter, 28 Apr 1854", "excerpt": "frees Negro girl Nancy", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 116 (scan image 122) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [E:294]." } }, { "id": "G2030", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 98, [D:092], will of Liney Littleton, 21 Jan 1857", "excerpt": "servant woman Fannda emancipated and given 21 acres and house on road leading north to Snickers Gap Turnpike", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 98 (scan image 104) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [D:092]." } }, { "id": "G2031", "source_id": "S432", "locator": "Printed page 103, [D:269], codicil of 8 May 1858 to the will of Susan R. Page", "excerpt": "hire servants out to raise money to send them to Liberia, they to remain with her children if they do not wish to go", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected", "image_verification": { "inspected": "The page image of printed page 103 (scan image 109) of the owner's scan of Duncan's abstracts, a digital reproduction of the printed book and not the will book itself, read on 2026-10-26 for this passage only.", "receipt": "The image log of tranche wave173-free-black-1836-1862-001, entry [D:269]." } }, { "id": "G2032", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 458, chapter 103, section 4 (page scan 496)", "excerpt": "No free negro shall be capable of acquiring (except by descent) any slave other than the husband, wife, parent or descendant of such free negro.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2033", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 458, chapter 103, section 9 (page scan 496)", "excerpt": "Any person may emancipate any of his slaves by last will in writing, or by deed, recorded in the court of his county or corporation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2034", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 465, chapter 107, note to the heading (page scan 503)", "excerpt": "The act of January 25, 1806, (Sess. Acts, 1805-6, p. 36, ch. 63, § 10,) enacted that if any slave thereafter emancipated should remain within this state more than twelve months after his right to freedom accrued, he should forfeit such right and might be sold for the benefit of the poor of the county or corporation.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2035", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 466, chapter 107, section 1 (page scan 504)", "excerpt": "No negro, emancipated since the first day of May eighteen hundred and six, or hereafter, or claiming his right to freedom under a negro so emancipated, shall, after being twenty-one years of age, remain in this state more than one year without lawful permission.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2036", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 466, chapter 107, section 2 (page scan 504)", "excerpt": "Any such negro may be permitted by the court of any county or corporation to remain in this state, and reside in such county or corporation only ... that the applicant produced satisfactory proof of his being of good character, sober, peaceable, orderly and industrious.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2037", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 466, chapter 107, section 5 (page scan 504)", "excerpt": "Every commissioner of the revenue, annually, with his book of personal property, shall return also a complete list of all free negroes in his district, who are over twelve years of age, specifying their names, sexes, ages (as nearly as he can,) and trades or occupations; of which list the clerk shall fix up a copy at the courthouse door", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2038", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 466, chapter 107, section 6 (page scan 504)", "excerpt": "Every free negro shall, every five years, be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the clerk of the court of the county or corporation where such free negro resides; which register shall specify his name, age, colour and stature, with any apparent mark or scar on his face, head or hands", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" }, { "id": "G2039", "source_id": "S892", "locator": "Page 467, chapter 107, section 10 (page scan 505)", "excerpt": "Any free negro above twelve years of age, residing in this state, not having such attested copy, (of a register of him, made as before directed,) may be committed to jail by a justice ... But if he be so arrested a second time ... he shall be punished with stripes.", "excerpt_kind": "short_quote_from_existing_text", "original_image_inspected": true, "original_status": "original_inspected" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "S01", "title": "A Brief County History", "creator": "Clarke County government", "url": "https://www.clarkecounty.gov/residents/a-brief-county-history", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A government summary, not the original charter or enabling act.", "independence_family": "county-history" }, { "id": "S13", "title": "Josephine Williams", "creator": "Clermont Farm / Cory A. Van Horn", "url": "https://www.clermontfarm.org/learn-about-the-people-of-clermont/josephine-williams", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Institutional account and document descriptions read. The underlying letter, receipt, plat and clerk record were not independently inspected.", "independence_family": "clermont-josephine" }, { "id": "S14", "title": "Josephine City Historic District, 168-5029", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/168-5029/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2024-02-17", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The summary calls Williams the presumed namesake. Its underlying deeds were not inspected.", "independence_family": "dhr-josephine" }, { "id": "S15", "title": "History", "creator": "Josephine School Community Museum", "url": "https://www.jschoolmuseum.org/history", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Institutional history, not a substitute for individual school-board records.", "independence_family": "jschool-history" }, { "id": "S30", "title": "Josephine City School, 168-5027", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/168-5027/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2024-02-17", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The school building and the later training-school building must not be conflated.", "independence_family": "dhr-josephine" }, { "id": "S38", "title": "Berryville Historic District, 168-0012", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/168-0012/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2024-09-16", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Register summary, not a contemporary record of the origin of the name.", "independence_family": "dhr-berryville" }, { "id": "S39", "title": "History of Clarke County, Virginia and its connection with the war between the states", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "url": "https://archive.org/details/historyofclarkec00gold", "form": "later_history", "date": "1914", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Printed pages 16, 30 and preface checked in existing OCR. The OneHorizon CD-ROM edition was opened on September 21, 2026 and its title and copyright pages read directly; the scan images behind the text layer were not inspected. A 1914 retrospective, not an eighteenth-century witness.", "independence_family": "gold-1914" }, { "id": "S90", "title": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination, DHR 168-5029", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters (Maral S. Kalbian, LLC)", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2014-12-01", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An administrative document prepared to argue a National Register listing for the district, twenty years after the individual listing of the school. The linked document is the DHR-hosted 2015 final-registration copy, prepared 1 December 2014 by the named preparers (Section 11). Its account of the 1930 school-board decision is the nomination authors' narrative and cites a footnote this project has not followed to a board minute. Pages 9, 23 and 35 were read as PDF text. PDF pages 4, 5, 24, 32, 34 and 49 were read on September 26, 2026 as rendered page images of the DHR-hosted PDF, a digital reproduction of the nomination. Its two accounts of the cemetery purchase describe the seller's wards differently (the children of Edward T. Hebb; the heirs of E. Y. Hebbs), and its account of the names on the cemetery's obelisk has not been checked against the monument.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S91", "title": "Clarke County Rural Reconnaissance Survey, DHR CK-015", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/pdf_files/SpecialCollections/CK-015_Clarke_Co_Rural_Recon_Survey_1989_KALBIAN_report.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1989", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A state-commissioned architectural survey. Its narrative themes record what the surveyor observed or was told at survey date; a sentence such as \"has sponsored a county fair each summer since 1954\" is the surveyor's statement, not a cited record. Its list of Berryville industries is an observation of 1989, not a business history. Pages 69 and 96 were read as PDF text (OCR of a typescript; spacing irregular).", "independence_family": "dhr-surveys-kalbian" }, { "id": "S92", "title": "Reconnaissance Level Survey of 1900-1941 Structures in Clarke County, Virginia, Final Report, DHR CK-009", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/pdf_files/SpecialCollections/CK-009_Recon-Level_Survey_1900-1941_Structures_Clarke_Co_1992_KALBIAN_report.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1992", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "By the same author as the 1989 survey and, on the Berryville industries, a verbatim repeat of it, so it is NOT an independent witness on that point. Page 74 (report page 65) was read as PDF text on September 10, 2026. The education chapter's two school tables and its passages on Mt. Carmel School and the High Meadows schoolhouse (PDF pages 39, 63 and 64; report pages 33, 55 and 56) were read as PDF text and checked against the page images on September 14, 2026. Its paragraph on the county's post-Civil War Black communities and its recommendations (PDF pages 37 and 79; report pages 31 and 69) were read the same way that day for the Lewisville record. It records buildings, not the schools that met in them.", "independence_family": "dhr-surveys-kalbian" }, { "id": "S93", "title": "Ruritan Club Embarks On A Modern-Day Barn Raising", "creator": "Cathy Kuehner, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2024/03/02/ruritan-club-embarks-on-a-modern-day-barn-raising/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2024-03-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2024 magazine article. Its history section cites Clarke Courier issues of 1945 and the 1950 fair second-hand; those issues were not inspected by this project. Its explanations of why events happened are the writer's. Only short sentences are quoted here.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S94", "title": "Bank of Clarke County history, page 130", "creator": "Bank of Clarke County", "url": "https://www.bankofclarke.bank/history/inc/html/130.html", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A bank-published institutional history. Where it records its own dated events the date is strong; statements about other places are incidental to the bank's narrative. Its publication date is not stated on the page.", "independence_family": "bank-of-clarke-history" }, { "id": "S95", "title": "About", "creator": "Ruritan Club of Clarke County", "url": "https://clarkecountyfair.org/about-us/", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The club's own page: a single sentence dating the fair it runs, with no other dates and no cited record. Self-history, kept to attribute the club's own account rather than to confirm it.", "independence_family": "ruritan-club-self" }, { "id": "S96", "title": "Eat, Clarke County Virginia Tourism website (captured 16 June 2021)", "creator": "Clarke County Economic Development and Tourism", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616150052/http://clarketourism.com/eat/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2021-06-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A county tourism directory: a name, an address and a social-media link per restaurant, with no dates. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-tourism-listings" }, { "id": "S97", "title": "Dine, Berryville Main Street website (captured 11 December 2022)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221211060429/https://www.berryvillemainstreet.com/dine", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2022-12-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A Main Street organisation's dining directory: names and addresses only. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S98", "title": "SueCat's Bistro, Berryville Main Street directory listing (captured 14 February 2025)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250214030731/https://berryvillemainstreet.com/directory/suecats/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2025-02-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A directory listing written to promote the business. Its address field reads \"The Berryville Grille, 9, East Main Street\", a geocoder string retained from an earlier listing; that is a trace, not a statement about succession. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S99", "title": "Aztec City Mexican Restaurant, Berryville Main Street directory listing (captured 15 April 2026)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260415071515/https://berryvillemainstreet.com/directory/aztec-city-mexican-restaurant/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-04-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A directory listing written to promote the business; its description of the menu is the business's own. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S100", "title": "Eat & Drink, Experience Clarke County website (read 10 September 2026)", "creator": "Clarke County Economic Development and Tourism", "url": "https://experienceclarkecounty.com/eat/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The live county tourism listing as read on 10 September 2026. It shows a name and address on that day and nothing about when the business opened.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-tourism-listings" }, { "id": "S101", "title": "Berryville Dining, Clarke County Tourism website (captured 7 March 2015)", "creator": "Clarke County Economic Development and Tourism", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150307195512/http://clarketourism.com/dining/berryville-dining", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2015-03-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A promotional tourism blurb. Its praise (\"most popular\") is not used; only the menu, drinks and address it states are. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-tourism-listings" }, { "id": "S102", "title": "Shop, Berryville Main Street portal (captured 24 February 2012)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120224083836/http://www.berryvillemainstreet.org/ourportal/Shop.aspx", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2012-02-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "An older Main Street portal page listing member businesses by name; the Grille appears by name without an address on this page. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S103", "title": "SueCat's Bistro website, home page (captured 24 March 2025)", "creator": "SueCat's Bistro", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250324001542/https://www.suecatsbistro.com/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2025-03-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The business's own site as captured in March 2025, describing its menu and bar. The live site in September 2026 sits behind a script challenge and could not be read by this project, so the closing notice the research lane reported there is NOT inspected here and no closure is claimed. The date recorded, with role publication, is the Wayback Machine capture timestamp: it attests what the page displayed on that day, not when the listing was written, when a business opened, or when it closed.", "independence_family": "suecats-self" }, { "id": "S104", "title": "Early Meeting Hall (Post 41 Berryville, Virginia, American Legion Centennial Celebration site)", "creator": "American Legion Post 41, Berryville (post-submitted history)", "url": "https://centennial.legion.org/virginia/post41/1920/09/05/early-meeting-hall", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A post-written history entry on the American Legion's centennial site, filed under the date 5 September 1920 but written much later and undated; it cites nothing. Its building date (1881) and the placement of the saloon differ from the bank's history. It is the only account naming the hall's operator and later owners.", "independence_family": "legion-post-41-centennial" }, { "id": "S105", "title": "Bank of Clarke County history, page 102", "creator": "Bank of Clarke County", "url": "https://www.bankofclarke.bank/history/inc/html/102.html", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The bank's own institutional history. Its account of its own 1957 purchase is strong; its description of the hall's origins (built 1884, opened 1885, saloon across the street, spelling \"Dangerfield\") is a retelling that differs from the Legion account and cites nothing. Publication date not stated on the page.", "independence_family": "bank-of-clarke-history" }, { "id": "S106", "title": "Melons and Music on the Shenandoah", "creator": "Jennifer Lee, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2013/07/20/melons-and-music-on-the-shenandoah/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2013-07-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2013 magazine feature built on one interview with John U. Miller Jr. Dates, the count of greenhouses and the \"over 45 years\" are his recollections as the writer reported them; no deed, licence or photograph was inspected. The article is about Watermelon Park as much as the stand; only the stand and greenhouse passages are used here.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-lee-miller" }, { "id": "S107", "title": "A Tribute to John U. Miller, Jr.", "creator": "Jennifer M. Lee, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2025/01/05/a-tribute-to-john-u-miller-jr/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-01-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2025 reprint of the 2013 article with a new preface by the same writer. The reprinted text is the same account and is NOT a second witness; only the preface adds anything, and that is the writer's own memory of the 2013 interview.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-lee-miller" }, { "id": "S108", "title": "Berryville Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination, DHR 168-0012 (1987)", "creator": "Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks (nomination preparers not individually named in the pages read)", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/168-0012_-Berryville_HD_1987_Final_Nomination.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1987", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "An architectural-survey nomination. Its \"ca. 1810\" is a survey attribution, not a deed or datestone; its inventory records historic and present names and uses as of 1987. It places a \"former Battletown Inn\" at 5 W. Main and the Virginia House / Lighthouse Restaurant at 9-13 W. Main without reconciling the two, and calls the Old Tavern and Daniel Morgan story \"reputed\". PDF pages 5, 37, 48, 63 and 66 were read as PDF text (OCR of a typescript). Government hosting establishes no rights status.", "independence_family": "dhr-berryville" }, { "id": "S109", "title": "Battletown Inn's Gray Ghost Tavern", "creator": "Ethan Vaughn, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2013/04/16/battletown-inns-gray-ghost-tavern/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2013-04-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2013 feature built on interviews with a co-owner, a bartender and customers. Its \"built in 1809\" and \"restaurant off and on for more than two centuries\" are the owner's and writer's framing, not carried here; DHR says ca. 1810 and records residential original use.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-battletown" }, { "id": "S110", "title": "Wanted: The Battletown Inn", "creator": "Wendy Gooditis, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2015/06/17/wanted-the-battletown-inn/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2015-06-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2015 feature and appeal for a buyer, written after the inn closed. Its building history is attributed to Maral Kalbian of the Clarke County Historical Association and cites no record; the Civil War hospital line is given as \"said to have been\". Its \"current\" statements are current only to 17 June 2015. No deed, tax record, directory or the 1920 Blue Book was inspected by this project.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-battletown" }, { "id": "S111", "title": "History (Rotary Club of Clarke County)", "creator": "Rotary Club of Clarke County", "url": "https://clarkecountyrotary.com/page/history", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The club's own undated history page. Strong for the club's own events; it says nothing about who owned or ran the inn.", "independence_family": "rotary-clarke-self" }, { "id": "S112", "title": "Dining in Berryville Virginia, Berryville Main Street portal (captured 9 May 2012)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120509063811/http://www.berryvillemainstreet.org/ourportal/LetsEat.aspx", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2012-05-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A tourism page as captured by the Wayback Machine; the date is the capture timestamp. It shows the inn presented as lodging on that day and nothing about opening or closing dates.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S113", "title": "Sit Down Restaurants, Berryville Main Street (captured 22 July 2013)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20130722184444/http://www.berryvillemainstreet.org/SitDownRestaurants.shtml", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2013-07-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A promotional directory listing as captured; the date is the capture timestamp. Its history line (\"constructed in 1809 by Benjamin Berry\") is the business's promotional copy, conflicts in precision with DHR's ca. 1810, and is not carried; only the advertised offerings are used.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S114", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1925, selected issues (Library of Congress, Chronicling America OCR)", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1925", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Contemporary newspaper notices known to this project only through normalised OCR text (the research package's extracts from the Library of Congress bulk OCR). The page images could not be opened on 10 September 2026: loc.gov answered with a script challenge. Nothing from this source is quoted, and every claim resting on it is assessed as qualified until a page image is read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1925" }, { "id": "S115", "title": "Roots of a Clarke County Treasure: From Alexander Henderson to Joseph Tuley and Graham Blandy, the Virginia State Arboretum and Blandy Experimental Farm Have Been 225 Years in the Making (Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, Volume XXVIII, 2012, printed pages 45-56)", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association; adapted from the Blandy Experimental Farm \"Phase 1 Archeological Investigations\" prepared by Rivanna Archeological Services, Charlottesville (no individual byline)", "url": "https://www.clarkehistory.org/media/CCHA%20Proceedings%20Volume%2028%20(2012).pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2012", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Known to this project only as indexed text of the publisher's PDF, preserved verbatim in the source-recovery package after the PDF itself could not be retrieved (the publisher URL now returns 404 and no archive capture exists). Printed page numbers come from the volume's own pagination and index; PDF-page offsets are unknown. The article is a local historical synthesis drawing on deeds, tax records, censuses, maps and institutional files that this project has not inspected. The names Kalbian and Peters in the contents belong to the preceding article.", "independence_family": "ccha-proceedings-28" }, { "id": "S116", "title": "Sue Cat's Bistro closing notice (official website text, preserved from a search-index record)", "creator": "Sue Cat's Bistro (signed by its two partners)", "url": "https://www.suecatsbistro.com/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "The notice text as a search index preserved it from the bistro's own domain; the live domain no longer shows the restaurant and the only archive capture (24 March 2025) predates the notice. The notice is undated. The index's \"last updated 2025-09-20\" is index metadata, not a publication date. A Facebook post of the same announcement dated 20 August 2025 was reported to the architect from a screenshot that is not preserved in inspectable form here, so no announcement date is published. The notice does not state a final day of service, and its \"two year journey\" is a phrase of thanks, not an operating span.", "independence_family": "suecats-self" }, { "id": "S117", "title": "Life and Times in the Hawthorne Building", "creator": "Betsy Arnette, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2017/11/16/life-and-times-in-the-hawthorne-building/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2017-11-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2017 building history resting on the York family's account and the Clarke County Historical Association's photograph; it cites no deed, directory or minute. Its 1795 and 1816 dates are the family's (\"presumed\", \"according to Mrs. York\") and are kept apart from the 1987 survey's ca. 1820. \"Today\" means November 2017.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S118", "title": "New Main Street Feature Honors R. John Hogan and Berryville History", "creator": "Cathy Kuehner, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2024/04/14/new-main-street-feature-honors-r-john-hogan-and-berryville-history/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2024-04-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 2024 report on a downtown installation that recounts the depot's history. Its demolition date and the chamber negotiation are stated without a cited file; no railroad or town record was inspected. It places the depot on Station Avenue where the 1987 survey says South First Street; both are kept.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S119", "title": "Fire House Gallery To Close", "creator": "Clarke Monthly staff, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2019/08/12/fire-house-gallery-to-close/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2019-08-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "An August 2019 announcement written before the closing it reports; the 30 September date is the scheduled one. It calls the building a \"former fire station\" without dates, which the 1987 survey does not say; the survey records office as the original use. Neither source dates any fire-station use.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S120", "title": "Turiya Yoga Opens Above Fire House Gallery", "creator": "Clarke Monthly staff, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2015/04/14/turiya-yoga-opens-above-fire-house-gallery/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2015-04-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A business-opening notice; it attests the tenant and the grand-opening dates, nothing about how long the tenancy lasted.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S121", "title": "Gemparcel is Sparkling on Main Street in Berryville", "creator": "Clarke Monthly staff, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2017/12/14/gemparcel-is-sparkling-on-main-street-in-berryville/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2017-12-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A business-opening feature; it attests the tenant, the suite and the opening month, nothing about how long the tenancy lasted.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S122", "title": "Needles & Pins Fiber Art Shop Opens on Main Street in Berryville", "creator": "Clarke Monthly staff, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2018/04/11/needles-pins-fiber-art-shop-opens-on-main-street-in-berryville/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2018-04-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A business-opening feature; it names earlier occupants of the incubator space in passing and attests the March 2018 opening, nothing about how long the tenancy lasted.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-downtown" }, { "id": "S123", "title": "Downtown Berryville Business Incubator (Berryville Main Street website, read 10 September 2026)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://berryvillemainstreet.com/downtown-berryville-business-incubator/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The organisation's live programme page as read on 10 September 2026: it places the incubator at Suite 202 on that day and says nothing about earlier tenants, the ground floor, or when the programme began.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S124", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1909-11-03, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1909-11-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1909-11-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A short news paragraph reporting private advice from railway officials that a promised depot had not yet been started. Expectation, not a decision or a date. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S125", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-01-05, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-01-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-01-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A report of an interview with a railway official announcing board approval and describing the station the company intended to build. The facilities it lists are planned, not observed. This page's OCR is badly degraded, so only the headline is quoted here and the rest is paraphrased. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S126", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-03-02, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-03-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-03-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A short report that work had started on the Monday before publication. The article's projected readiness date and cost are illegible in the OCR and are not carried. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S127", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-05-04, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-05-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-05-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A progress report naming the contractor and the completion date the railway wanted. A desired date is not a commitment or an outcome. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S128", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-05-11, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-05-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-05-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A progress report on excavation, foundation and the water line. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S129", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-07-27, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-07-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-07-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A progress report describing paving and painting and an understanding that the building would be finished the following week. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S130", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1910-08-10, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1910-08-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1910-08-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A progress report ending with the station agent's conditional expectation of moving in. No later issue confirming that he moved in, or that a train was met at the new platform, was recovered. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S131", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1931-06-11, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-06-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1931-06-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A notice announcing a clinic at the Hawthorne Building on the two following days. An announcement, not a report that the clinic took place, and it names no room or tenancy. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S132", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1934-04-12, page 4", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-04-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1934-04-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A display advertisement giving the Hawthorne Building as a shop's headquarters. It attests the advertisement, not a lease, an opening or a closing. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S133", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1935-11-21, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-11-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1935-11-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A feature on the library at five years, with book and loan counts, hours and the Tappans' support. Its headline dates the library to 1930 and its circulation figures run from January 1930; a 1939 article in the same paper says December 1929. The two are not reconciled here. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S134", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1939-02-16, page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-02-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1939-02-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A prospective notice of a benefit bazaar that locates the library and the Tappan apartments in the same building, and states in passing that Archibald Cummins first opened the library in December 1929. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S135", "title": "Clarke Courier, 1947-03-27, page 6", "creator": "Clarke Courier (Berryville)", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1947-03-27/ed-1/?sp=6", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1947-03-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A short library notice giving hours in 1947. It shows the library open on that date and says nothing about the years between observations. Known to this project as Library of Congress OCR, retrieved on 2026-09-10 through the item's fulltext service; the page image could not be opened (tile.loc.gov answers 403), so nothing here rests on a visual reading. Quoted runs are verbatim OCR with line breaks joined.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-loc" }, { "id": "S136", "title": "History (John H. Enders Fire Company)", "creator": "John H. Enders Fire Company", "url": "https://endersfire.com/history/", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The fire company's own undated history page. It gives a year for the East Main firehouse and a year from which the building served the town and police, but it prints no street number and no date for the company's move, so the identification of the building rests on the 1987 survey rather than on this page.", "independence_family": "enders-fire-company" }, { "id": "S137", "title": "Main Street Communities Bring History to Life (Virginia Main Street)", "creator": "Virginia Main Street (Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development)", "url": "https://virginiamainstreet.com/2010/11/22/main-street-communities-bring-history-to-life/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2010-11-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A state programme's award announcement, published ten months after the opening it mentions. It gives 8 January where the gallery's own organisation later gave 9 January, and it prints no street number.", "independence_family": "virginia-main-street" }, { "id": "S138", "title": "Alley Revitalization in Berryville (Virginia Main Street)", "creator": "Virginia Main Street (Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development)", "url": "https://virginiamainstreet.com/2024/12/05/alley-revitalization-in-berryville/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2024-12-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A December 2024 programme article describing the finished alley. It confirms the window guard and its repair and placement independently of the local monthly, and gives no date for the depot's demolition.", "independence_family": "virginia-main-street" }, { "id": "S139", "title": "Modern Mercantile home page (captured 21 October 2014)", "creator": "Modern Mercantile LLC", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141021192424id_/http://modernmercantilellc.com/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2014-10-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The business's own site as the Wayback Machine captured it; the date is the capture timestamp. It shows the address the business gave on that day.", "independence_family": "modern-mercantile-self" }, { "id": "S140", "title": "Modern Mercantile, About page (captured 20 August 2019)", "creator": "Modern Mercantile LLC", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190820074836id_/http://modernmercantilellc.com/about-modern-mercantile/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2019-08-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The business's own site as captured in August 2019; the date is the capture timestamp.", "independence_family": "modern-mercantile-self" }, { "id": "S141", "title": "Modern Mercantile (Berryville Main Street directory profile)", "creator": "Berryville Main Street", "url": "https://berryvillemainstreet.com/directory/modern-mercantile/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A directory profile as read on 10 September 2026. It gives an opening month and, separately, a current address; it does not say the opening happened at that address.", "independence_family": "berryville-main-street-listings" }, { "id": "S40", "title": "JosephineCitySchool 0257.jpg", "creator": "Cecouchman / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JosephineCitySchool_0257.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2013-04-26", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The full-resolution file was downloaded from Wikimedia Commons on 2026-09-11 and viewed at full size; the earlier record that the fetch had failed is superseded. It is a digital reproduction, not the original: no print or negative has been handled. The photograph dates from 2013 and shows the building as it stood then. The identification of the building as the Josephine City School rests on the uploader's own description and the National Register reference number tagged on the file page, neither of which this project has checked against another record.", "independence_family": "cecouchman-2013" }, { "id": "S41", "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, 1891, Plate 0001", "creator": "Library of Congress; Wikimedia Commons item record", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Berryville,_Clark_County,_Virginia,_1891,_Plate_0001.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1891", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The full-resolution sheet was downloaded from Wikimedia Commons on 2026-09-11 and viewed at full size, including its title block and key; the earlier record that the fetch had failed is superseded. It is a Library of Congress scan, not the original sheet, and no original has been handled. Nothing on it has been used for geometry, coordinates or boundaries: it is published as a document to look at, and no released statement rests on it. The sheet spells the county \"Clark\"; the county is Clarke.", "independence_family": "sanborn-1891" }, { "id": "S142", "title": "Form 990 for Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation Inc, tax year 2020 (original e-filed return, IRS object id 202103169349303080)", "creator": "Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. (filer); Internal Revenue Service (publisher)", "url": "https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/990/xml/2021/2021_TEOS_XML_01A.zip", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2021-11-12", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The return as filed, retrieved as original e-filed XML from the IRS TEOS batch archive and held at research/project-hope-carter-hall/returns/202103169349303080.xml with a recorded sha256. It is the organization's own statement to the IRS. The Schedule D passage cited here is a description and the return does not say whether it speaks to the tax year or to the filing date of November 12, 2021. Amounts elsewhere in the return are organization-wide and none is identified as Carter Hall.", "independence_family": "irs-filings-530242962" }, { "id": "S143", "title": "IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File extract, District of Columbia (eo_dc.csv), row for EIN 53-0242962", "creator": "Internal Revenue Service", "url": "https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/eo_dc.csv", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A present-state file. It describes the organization's listing on the date the extract was downloaded and carries no earlier year. Its RULING value is a recognition-record date, not an incorporation date.", "independence_family": "irs-master-file" }, { "id": "S144", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia parcel layer Parcels_20260416, parcel ACCT 5981 (tax map 30-A-15)", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia", "url": "https://services7.arcgis.com/1uNEgmtBVWGKSY5Q/arcgis/rest/services/Parcels_20260416/FeatureServer/0", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-04-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A county GIS parcel snapshot dated 2026-04-16 in its own layer name. It records current ownership, not a transaction history, and its DEED_BK_PG field is an index citation rather than an inspected instrument. A parcel present in the county's own parcel layer is in that county by construction, which is why this and not the postal ZIP establishes the location.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S145", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia assessment (CAMA) property record, account 5981 — Carter Hall", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia (assessment system operated by Concise Systems)", "url": "https://clarke.cama.concisesystems.com/PropertyPage.aspx?id=5981&direct=1", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "An assessment record carrying an INDEX of recorded instruments, not the instruments. No deed was read. The page labels its date column \"Sale Date\" and defines it nowhere, so whether it records execution, recording or the assessor's transfer date is not established. A $0 sale price in such a system does not by itself establish a gift.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S146", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia assessment (CAMA) property record, account 7607 — Apple Hill off Rt 255", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia (assessment system operated by Concise Systems)", "url": "https://clarke.cama.concisesystems.com/PropertyPage.aspx?id=7607&direct=1", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "As S145: an index of instruments, not the instruments, with an undefined \"Sale Date\" field. No deed was read.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S147", "title": "Project HOPE history page (the organization's own website, read September 11, 2026)", "creator": "Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.", "url": "https://www.projecthope.org/about/history/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The organization's own published account of itself. It is not an inspected certificate of incorporation, not a state corporate record, and not evidence of the effective date of federal tax exemption. It names no state of incorporation and does not mention Millwood or Carter Hall. Access note: the host returns HTTP 403 to a plain command-line client; the page was retrieved and re-verified through an ordinary browser-style fetch on 2026-09-11, and the quoted lines were confirmed verbatim on that reading.", "independence_family": "project-hope-self-description" }, { "id": "S148", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia assessment (CAMA) property record, account 5982 — Apple Hill off Rt 255, 960 Bishop Meade Road", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia (assessment system operated by Concise Systems)", "url": "https://clarke.cama.concisesystems.com/PropertyPage.aspx?id=5982&direct=1", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "As S145 and S146: an index of instruments, not the instruments, with an undefined \"Sale Date\" field. No deed was read.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S150", "title": "IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File, Virginia extract (eo_va.csv), file as of 2026-09-07", "creator": "Internal Revenue Service", "url": "https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/exempt-organizations-business-master-file-extract-eo-bmf", "form": "document", "date": "2026-09-07", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A register of organizations the IRS has RECOGNIZED as exempt, and nothing more. It does not establish that an organization is operating, where it operates, or what it does. Churches and their integrated auxiliaries need not apply for recognition, and small unincorporated associations often never appear, so it is not a list of the county's nonprofits. The address it carries is a filing address, which the IRS documentation says may differ from where the organization operates.", "independence_family": "irs_exempt_organizations_data" }, { "id": "S151", "title": "ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer API v2 filing index, with IRS Form 990-N (e-Postcard) bulk data", "creator": "ProPublica; Internal Revenue Service", "url": "https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/api", "form": "document", "date": "2026-09-10", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-10", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "An INDEX of returns, not the returns. A year listed here is a year in which a return can be found; no document was retrieved and none was read. ProPublica indexes Forms 990, 990-EZ and 990-PF only. The IRS 990-N bulk file carries one row per EIN and is a latest-notice snapshot, not a filing history, so no source used here reports a prior-year 990-N: a year missing from this coverage is a gap in these sources, not evidence that nothing was filed. Per-organization 990-N history would need the IRS Tax Exempt Organization Search, which was not queried.", "independence_family": "irs_filing_index_via_aggregator" }, { "id": "S152", "title": "Barns of Rose Hill, organization website", "creator": "Barns of Rose Hill", "url": "https://www.barnsofrosehill.org/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says it does, not of what it does. The address it states for its own premises was used to determine a county and then discarded, because a small nonprofit's address is frequently a residence; no address is published here. Nothing was checked against a deed, a lease or any county record. Corroborated for the address by https://www.virginia.org/listing/barns-of-rose-hill-berryville/14978/ (Virginia Tourism Corporation).", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S153", "title": "Clarke County Education Foundation, organization website", "creator": "Clarke County Education Foundation", "url": "https://ccefinc.org/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says it does, not of what it does. The address it states for its own premises was used to determine a county and then discarded, because a small nonprofit's address is frequently a residence; no address is published here. Nothing was checked against a deed, a lease or any county record.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S154", "title": "Clarke County Historical Association, organization website", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association", "url": "https://www.clarkehistory.org/history-center.html", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says it does, not of what it does. The address it states for its own premises was used to determine a county and then discarded, because a small nonprofit's address is frequently a residence; no address is published here. Nothing was checked against a deed, a lease or any county record. Corroborated for the address by https://www.virginia.org/listing/clarke-county-historical-association-and-museum/6117/ (Virginia Tourism Corporation).", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S155", "title": "FISH of Clarke County, organization website", "creator": "FISH of Clarke County", "url": "https://www.fishofclarkecounty.org/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says it does, not of what it does. The address it states for its own premises was used to determine a county and then discarded, because a small nonprofit's address is frequently a residence; no address is published here. Nothing was checked against a deed, a lease or any county record.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S156", "title": "Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association, organization website", "creator": "Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association", "url": "https://svsgea.org/about-us/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says it does, not of what it does. svsgea.org returned HTTP 202 with a SiteGround captcha interstitial (`/.well-known/sgcaptcha/`) on every path tried: /about-us/, / and www.svsgea.org/about-us/. No page content was served, so no description was read and none is asserted. This is the site refusing an automated client; it says nothing about the organization. Corroborated for the address by https://visitshenandoah.org/events/shenandoah-valley-steam-and-gas-engine/.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S160", "title": "Barns of Rose Hill completes $2M endowment campaign after 10 years", "creator": "Star staff report, The Winchester Star", "url": "https://www.winchesterstar.com/winchester_star/barns-of-rose-hill-completes-2m-endowment-campaign-after-10-years/article_d5818d8c-7b23-5494-95aa-9e52e8040d10.html", "form": "reporting", "date": "2026-09-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A newspaper report of the campaign's completion, carrying the organization's own figure and quoting its executive director. No financial statement, audit or return was inspected for it. The article body is retained beside this packet at editorial/wave4-nonprofit-directory-001/retained/winchester-star-2026-09-09-barns-endowment.txt, so the quotations can be checked even if the page later moves.", "independence_family": "local_newspaper_reporting" }, { "id": "S161", "title": "Endowment Giving", "creator": "Barns of Rose Hill", "url": "https://www.barnsofrosehill.org/endowment-giving", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published by the organization: how it says the endowment works, not an independent account of the fund or its balance. It describes the campaign's phases, NOT its completion.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S170", "title": "Clermont Foundation, organization website", "creator": "Clermont Foundation", "url": "https://www.clermontfarm.org/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself and of the property it describes. Acreage, ownership and output are its statements. Nothing here inspects a deed, a lease or the terms of the partnership.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S171", "title": "Casey Trees, organization website", "creator": "Casey Trees", "url": "https://caseytrees.org/about/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself and of the property it describes. Acreage, ownership and output are its statements. No deed was inspected and the farm's acreage, output and ownership are the organization's own statements.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S180", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia parcel layer Parcels_20260416, parcel ACCT 2397 (tax map 15-A-4)", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia", "url": "https://services7.arcgis.com/1uNEgmtBVWGKSY5Q/arcgis/rest/services/Parcels_20260416/FeatureServer/0", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-04-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A county GIS parcel snapshot dated 2026-04-16 in its own layer name. It records current ownership, not a transaction history, and its DEED_BK_PG field is an index citation rather than an inspected instrument. A parcel carried in the county's own parcel layer is in that county by construction, which is why this and not the postal address establishes the location. Seventeen further parcels in the layer carry the same billing name; nothing read says which of them, if any, the farm works.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S181", "title": "Clarke County CAMA property record, account 2397 (Audley Farm & Buena Vista)", "creator": "Clarke County, Virginia", "url": "https://clarke.cama.concisesystems.com/PropertyPage.aspx?id=2397&direct=1", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-05", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A county assessment record, current as of the 09/05/2026 date the page gives for its own data. Its Sales History table cites instruments; no deed was read. The page carries three different citations for this parcel's conveyance -- a Deed field reading D-492-28, a Sales History instrument reading DEED BOOK-2008-59, and DB 2008/28 in the GIS layer -- and nothing read reconciles them. The single Sales History row's date did not render, so the transfer it records is undated here.", "independence_family": "clarke-county-property-systems" }, { "id": "S182", "title": "Audley Farm website (the farm's own site, read September 11, 2026)", "creator": "Audley Farm", "url": "https://www.audleyfarm.com/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The business's own published account of itself and of the property's history. It carries no publication date and cites no record for any date, name or acreage it gives. It names no legal entity: the owner of record in the county's files is a differently named corporation. Its \"3,000 acres\" is the figure it gives for the 1749 grant and for the farm today, and the county's parcel record for the Audley Lane tract is 822.798 acres.", "independence_family": "audley-farm-self-description" }, { "id": "S183", "title": "Virginia Landmarks Register master list, the edition updated through DHR January 21, 2026 and NPS January 16, 2026", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/RegisterMasterList_CURRENT_MAR_2026.pdf", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "2026-01-21", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "The state's roster of listed properties, read as the PDF's text layer rather than as page images, on September 11, 2026. It records individual listings on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register and nothing else. A property absent from it may still hold a DHR file, a survey record or an easement, and may be a contributing resource inside a listed district, which the roster carries under the district's name rather than the property's. Reading it establishes what this one document contained on one date, not a property's historic status.", "independence_family": "dhr-registers" }, { "id": "S172", "title": "Clermont Farm.jpg", "creator": "Betsy Fields / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clermont_Farm.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2011-09-27", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The full-resolution file was downloaded from Wikimedia Commons on 2026-09-11 and viewed at full size. It is a digital reproduction served by Commons, not a print or a negative, and no original has been handled. The photograph dates from 2011 and shows the property as it stood then. The identification of the buildings as Clermont rests on the uploader's own description, \"Clermont, 801 E. Main St. Berryville\", and on the National Register reference number tagged on the file page; this project has not checked either against another record, and has not established which of the structures in the frame carries which name.", "independence_family": "betsy-fields-2011" }, { "id": "S173", "title": "Burwell-Morgan Mill - 1.jpg", "creator": "APK / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burwell-Morgan_Mill_-_1.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2022-03-02", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The full-resolution file was downloaded from Wikimedia Commons on 2026-09-11 and viewed at full size, including the painted name board on the stonework, which was enlarged and read. It is a digital reproduction served by Commons, not a print or a negative, and no original has been handled. The photograph dates from 2022 and shows the mill as it stood then. Unusually for a photograph of a building, its subject is corroborated inside the frame: the board names both the mill and the Clarke County Historical Association. The 1782 date on that board is the board's claim, not this project's, and no return, deed or nomination has been read here to test it.", "independence_family": "apk-2022" }, { "id": "S174", "title": "Dave Van Deventer with The Woodshedders at Barns of Rose Hill in Berryville VA January 2012.jpg", "creator": "Reed George / Wikimedia Commons, from Flickr", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dave_Van_Deventer_with_The_Woodshedders_at_Barns_of_Rose_Hill_in_Berryville_VA_January_2012.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2012-01-14", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The full-resolution file was downloaded from Wikimedia Commons on 2026-09-11 and viewed at full size. It is a digital reproduction served by Commons, transferred from the photographer's Flickr account and license-reviewed there on 2012-12-06; no original has been handled. What the frame shows is a fiddler at a microphone against a wall of wide horizontal boards. It does not show the exterior of any building, no sign or lettering is visible in it, and nothing inside the frame identifies the venue or the town. That this was photographed at the Barns of Rose Hill in Berryville rests entirely on the photographer's own title and description, which this project has not checked against another record. The board wall is consistent with the restored dairy barn interior the organization describes, and consistency is not confirmation.", "independence_family": "reed-george-2012" }, { "id": "S190", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center Has Impact Close to Home and Far Beyond", "creator": "David Lillard, Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2025/03/05/blue-ridge-wildlife-center-has-impact-close-to-home-and-far-beyond/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-03-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Local reporting, read in full on 2026-09-11. Independent of the organization in authorship, but most of its figures are attributed in the text to the executive director rather than to a record the reporter examined, and the article says so. It is a feature, not an audit.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly-brwc" }, { "id": "S191", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center Acknowledges a Quarter of a Century of Work in Wildlife Preservation, Human Education", "creator": "Roger Bianchini, Royal Examiner", "url": "https://royalexaminer.com/blue-ridge-wildlife-center-acknowledges-a-quarter-of-a-century-of-work-in-wildlife-preservation-human-education/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2026-04-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read in full on 2026-09-11. The article reports the organization's own 2025 annual report, published in its quarterly newsletter The Ridgeline, and quotes it at length. Every figure originates with the organization: the reporting establishes what the annual report says, not that anyone checked it. The annual report itself was not obtained.", "independence_family": "royal-examiner-brwc" }, { "id": "S192", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center, About Us", "creator": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center", "url": "https://blueridgewildlifectr.org/about-us/", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Self-published: the organization's own account of itself, which is evidence of what it says rather than of what happened. It names no founder and gives no date for the facility. No street address, opening hours or contact details are taken from it for publication here.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S193", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center Thanks the Community for an Amazing 2025", "creator": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center, published by Royal Examiner", "url": "https://royalexaminer.com/brwc-thanks-you/", "form": "document", "date": "2026-01-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The organization's own year-end message, signed by its executive director and carried by Royal Examiner. Self-published in substance whatever the venue. Its 2025 education figures differ from the ones the organization's own annual report gave three months later; both are recorded here and neither is reconciled.", "independence_family": "self_published_by_the_subject" }, { "id": "S194", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center to Release Rehabilitated Bald Eagle at Banshee Reeks Nature Preserve", "creator": "Middleburg Life", "url": "https://www.middleburglife.com/blue-ridge-wildlife-center-to-release-rehabilitated-bald-eagle-at-banshee-reeks-nature-preserve/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-04-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Regional reporting, read in full on 2026-09-11. One case and one announced event; it is not a survey of the caseload. Its description of the center as the only dedicated wildlife hospital in Northern Virginia is the publication's characterization and has not been checked here.", "independence_family": "middleburg-life" }, { "id": "S195", "title": "Bald eagle brought into Blue Ridge Wildlife Center", "creator": "Jacquelynn Dobrin, Rocktown Now", "url": "https://rocktownnow.com/news/218812-bald-eagle-brought-into-blue-ridge-wildlife-center/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2024-12-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Regional reporting, read in full on 2026-09-11. The substance is a social media post by the organization, quoted at length, so the clinical detail is its account of its own patient. One case, not a pattern.", "independence_family": "rocktown-now" }, { "id": "S196", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center - Nonprofit Explorer", "creator": "ProPublica", "url": "https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/541996991", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read on 2026-09-11. An interface onto IRS data - the Business Master File and the filing indexes - and not an independent observer of the organization: any error in the underlying IRS record appears here unchanged. Financial figures on the page were deliberately not used. No Form 990 was retrieved or read.", "independence_family": "irs-derived-aggregator" }, { "id": "S197", "title": "Bald Eagle American Bald Eagle on Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge South Dakota (52388791466).jpg", "creator": "USFWS Mountain Prairie / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bald_Eagle_American_Bald_Eagle_on_Lake_Andes_National_Wildlife_Refuge_South_Dakota_(52388791466).jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2014-03-13", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction was downloaded on 2026-09-11 and viewed in full: the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer, carrying the whole frame with nothing cropped. No original negative or print exists to handle; the photograph is born digital. The 5,184 by 3,888 original upload was not obtained, because upload.wikimedia.org returned HTTP 429 to every attempt that day. It shows a bald eagle at Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge in South Dakota in 2014: a reference photograph of the species, with no connection to Blue Ridge Wildlife Center, to Clarke County or to any patient.", "independence_family": "usfws-photography" }, { "id": "S198", "title": "Female Wood Turtle (6762045051).jpg", "creator": "Colin Osborn / USFWS, via Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Female_Wood_Turtle_(6762045051).jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2010-05-25", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction was downloaded on 2026-09-11 and viewed in full: the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer, carrying the whole frame with nothing cropped. No original negative or print exists to handle; the photograph is born digital. The 3,264 by 2,448 original upload was not obtained, because upload.wikimedia.org returned HTTP 429 to every attempt that day. The file page describes a female wood turtle carrying a radio transmitter at Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey, credited to Colin Osborn/USFWS. It is a reference photograph of the species: not Jesse, not an animal of this organization, and not photographed in Clarke County.", "independence_family": "usfws-photography" }, { "id": "S210", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Jan 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/21/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S211", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Feb 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/22/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S212", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Mar 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/23/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S213", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Apr 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/24/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S214", "title": "Clarke Monthly, May 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/25/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S215", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Jun 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/26/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S216", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Jul 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/27/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S217", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Aug 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/28/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S218", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Sep 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/29/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S219", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Oct 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/30/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S220", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Nov 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/31/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S221", "title": "Clarke Monthly, Dec 2025", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2025-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The issue's full page text was retrieved on 2026-09-11 from the flipbook the publisher serves at clarkeva.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/32/files/search/book_config.js, and read there rather than from a page image. It is the county's own monthly paper, a real local publication with named reporters. Display advertising fills much of each issue and is not used; only bylined editorial passages are.", "independence_family": "clarke-monthly" }, { "id": "S60", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 March 1899, Vol. IV No. 39", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ18990301", "form": "reporting", "date": "1899-03-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not as the original sheet or the microfilm. Virginia Chronicle is the only digital holder located for this title, so a transcription error here has no second copy to check it against.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S61", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 June 1910, Vol. XVI No. 173", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601", "form": "reporting", "date": "1910-06-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Most readings from this issue were taken from uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder; the issue is 87 per cent volunteer-corrected at block level, which is high for the run but not complete. On September 26, 2026 the items used by the Milton Valley story were read on the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself: on page 2, the Milton Valley Cemetery advertisement with its signature, the personals line on the cemetery's flower strewing, the obituary \"Death of Mrs. S. E. Mills\" and the two resolutions on her death; on page 1, the directory entry for the \"Gallean Fishermen.\" Names are given as printed (\"Gallean,\" \"Rose of Sharn,\" \"Rose of Sharm\"). Other items cited from this issue remain OCR or first-reading transcriptions unless their own segment says otherwise.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S62", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 January 1912, Vol. XVII No. 192", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19120101", "form": "reporting", "date": "1912-01-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder. The whole number on this issue (192) is higher than that on the May 1913 issue (108), so the paper's own numbering is unreliable in this period.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S63", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 May 1913, Vol. XVII No. 108", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19130501", "form": "reporting", "date": "1913-05-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder; no volunteer correction on this issue at all.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S64", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 August 1921, Vol. XXV No. 294", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19210801", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-08-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR. The masthead's establishment year is rendered by OCR as an impossible '1808' on this issue; later issues print it clearly as 1895.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S65", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 April 1924, Vol. XXIX No. 326", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19240401", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-04-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S66", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 January 1925, No. 335", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19250101", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-01-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR. Three of this issue's four pages survive in the digitised run.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S67", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 February 1925, No. 336", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19250201", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-02-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S68", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 March 1925, No. 337", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19250301", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-03-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S69", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 July 1926, Vol. XLI No. 353", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19260701", "form": "reporting", "date": "1926-07-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Most readings from this issue were taken from uncorrected OCR from the single known digital holder. On September 26, 2026 the Milton Valley Cemetery notice on page 4 and the \"Cemetery Walk\" appeal on page 1 were read on the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself. Other items cited from this issue remain OCR or first-reading transcriptions unless their own segment says otherwise.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S70", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 August 1927, No. 360 (masthead: Vol. XLI No. 366)", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19270801", "form": "reporting", "date": "1927-08-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "The only issue in the run corrected to 100 per cent by archive volunteers, so its text is the most reliable in the corpus. The catalogue number (360) and the printed masthead number (366) disagree. It is the last issue in the digitised run, which does not establish that it was the last published.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S80", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 30 April 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-04-30/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-04-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected and visibly imperfect in this issue: the headline reads 'Suparnior' for Supervisor and 'Hie' for The. Nothing here rests on a word that OCR could have invented. The citation URL was confirmed to return this issue on 2026-09-08.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S81", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 18 June 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-06-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-06-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, not from the page image. One word in the passage used is corrupt: 'both white and <*>lored friends', which is plainly 'colored' but is transcribed as printed. The two money figures and the founding date are legible and are what the claims rest on. The citation URL was confirmed to return this issue on 2026-09-08.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S82", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 9 July 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-07-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-07-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, not from the page image. This is a school-board teacher assignment list; the passage used is the tail of a longer list whose beginning falls in an earlier OCR block, so the list as quoted is not the whole list and no inference is drawn from what is absent from it. The citation URL was confirmed to return this issue on 2026-09-08.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S83", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., 1 October 1924, Vol. XXX No. 332", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19241001", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-10-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Issue 8 of the eighteen-issue digitised run, read in full from the digitized issue and summarized in the project's working notes; the manifest in docs/research/PEOPLES_JOURNAL_CORPUS.md records it as four pages, 17 per cent volunteer-corrected. The citation URL follows the pattern of the eleven sibling issue records and has NOT been re-verified: Virginia Chronicle returns 403 to scripted requests, so only a browser can confirm it. The working notes did not record which printed page carried the school roster, so the segment says so rather than guessing.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S231", "title": "Warren R. Hofstra, A Separate Place: The Formation of Clarke County, Virginia (Madison House, 1999; originally published 1986), pages 1-17", "creator": "Warren R. Hofstra", "url": "https://lccn.loc.gov/85030952", "form": "later_history", "date": "1999", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Thirteen text pages only: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, supplied as images with the covers and copyright page on 2026-09-08. Pages 6, 7, 13, 14 and everything from 18 onward were not supplied, which excludes the endnote text, the bibliography, the index and the whole chapter on the 1836 county formation. The scans carry a Google Books watermark. The 1999 volume reissues a 1986 Clarke County Sesquicentennial Committee edition and pagination equivalence between the two is not established, so a page number cited from one edition cannot be assumed to be the same page in the other. The URL is the Library of Congress catalog permalink built from the card catalog number printed on the copyright page, 85-30952. It is a pointer to the book as a catalogued work, not the route by which these pages reached this project, and it has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "hofstra-separate-place" }, { "id": "S232", "title": "James Kirke Paulding, Letters from the South, Written During an Excursion in the Summer of 1816 (New York, 1817), volume 1", "creator": "James Kirke Paulding", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lettersfromsouth01paul", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1817", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as archive.org OCR rather than from a page image. Paulding is a visiting writer reporting what he understood others to call themselves, and he says outright that he cannot trace the origin of the words. He writes of the Blue Ridge, not of Frederick County, and nothing here shows the terms in local use.", "independence_family": "paulding-letters" }, { "id": "S233", "title": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Winchester, Va., 11 January 1834, page 2", "creator": "Winchester Virginia Republican", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/chronicling-america/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Library of Congress fulltext JSON, not from the page image. The column reports Virginia House of Delegates proceedings at second hand: it establishes that the paper reported a petition presented on 30 December 1833, not the wording of the petition, who signed it, or what it asked for. The petition itself has not been located.", "independence_family": "winchester-virginia-republican" }, { "id": "S234", "title": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Winchester, Va., 29 March 1834, page 2", "creator": "Winchester Virginia Republican", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/chronicling-america/", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1834-03-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Library of Congress fulltext JSON, not from the page image; square brackets in the excerpts mark where the OCR was normalized. The page carries at least three signed pieces on the division, printed immediately before an election, so each is an advocate's argument and none is a neutral report. One paper's page: the rival Virginian, where the piece signed 'Cohee' actually appeared, has not been read.", "independence_family": "winchester-virginia-republican" }, { "id": "S235", "title": "Fifteenth Decennial Census: 1930. Population, Volume III: Reports by States, Showing the Composition and Characteristics of the Population for Counties, Cities, and Townships or Other Minor Civil Divisions. Part 2: Montana-Wyoming", "creator": "United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-3/10612982v3p2ch10.pdf", "form": "document", "date": "1932", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read by eye from a digital reproduction of the Census Bureau's own scanned volume, which carries no OCR text layer, so every figure was transcribed visually rather than machine-extracted. Inspected: the Virginia section's Table 13 at printed page 1162 (Clarke County column), Table 1 at printed page 1141 (enumeration-date column headings), and the Part 2 introduction at printed page 3 (definitions of school attendance and illiteracy, in the companion chapter file 10612982v3p2ch01.pdf). In chapter file 10612982v3p2ch10.pdf, printed page = one-based PDF page + 1115, so printed 1162 is one-based PDF page 47 (zero-based index 46). Four internal checks were run against the reading and all reproduce -- the color and nativity components sum to the published total in both years, and four published percentages reproduce from their own counts and bases -- but a transcription error remains the likeliest way a figure here could be wrong. Table 13 prints the 1920 illiteracy percentage without its numerator or base, so that one figure cannot be checked at all. The 1920 volume itself was not inspected: the 1920 counts here are the Bureau's own figures reprinted in the 1930 volume.", "independence_family": "us-census" }, { "id": "S236", "title": "Fifteenth Decennial Census: 1930. Population, Volume III: Reports by States, Showing the Composition and Characteristics of the Population for Counties, Cities, and Townships or Other Minor Civil Divisions. Part 2: Montana-Wyoming", "creator": "United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-3/10612982v3p2ch10.pdf", "form": "document", "date": "1932", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read by eye from a digital reproduction of the Census Bureau's own scanned volume (no OCR text layer, so every figure was transcribed visually). This is a visual reading of the Census Bureau's image-only scan, so transcription error is the primary residual risk. The table title limits its universe to persons 10 years old and over engaged in gainful occupations; it does not by itself supply a modern labor-force, unemployment, earnings, hours, or occupational-history measure. Only six sex-specific cells are proposed, all from the ALL GAINFUL WORKERS block. No combined-sex total or rate is calculated. Historical labels in the table are preserved in locators only where necessary to identify source structure.", "independence_family": "us-census" }, { "id": "S237", "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, June 1909, Plate 0002", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company; Library of Congress scan distributed via Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Berryville%2C_Clark_County%2C_Virginia%2C_1909%2C_Plate_0002.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1909-06", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "This is a digitized map image, not the paper sheet, and no physical original was handled. It records the insurer's map notation when prepared, not ownership, a named business, construction date, occupancy over time, or legal street address. The map key says its consecutive street numbers are arbitrary, so this packet does not convert 342–347 into postal addresses or treat equal numbers on two editions as proof of a surviving building. Dimensions are omitted when a complete printed feet-by-feet label was not read with confidence. (Library of Congress scan.)", "independence_family": "sanborn-berryville" }, { "id": "S238", "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, Mar. 1921, Plate 0002", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company; Library of Congress scan distributed via Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Berryville%2C_Clark_County%2C_Virginia%2C_1921%2C_Plate_0002.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1921-03", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "This is a digitized map image, not the paper sheet, and no physical original was handled. It records the insurer's map notation when prepared, not ownership, a named business, construction date, occupancy over time, or legal street address. The prior edition's key says its consecutive street numbers are arbitrary, so this packet does not convert 342–347 into postal addresses or treat equal numbers on two editions as proof of a surviving building. Dimensions are omitted when a complete printed feet-by-feet label was not read with confidence. (Library of Congress scan.)", "independence_family": "sanborn-berryville" }, { "id": "S239", "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, June 1909, Plate 0001 (key)", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company; Library of Congress scan distributed via Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Berryville%2C_Clark_County%2C_Virginia%2C_1909%2C_Plate_0001.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1909-06", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "This is a digitized image of the key, not a physical original. The color classes are the map's notation, not a material test conducted by this project. The key supplies no legal address conversion and no evidence of ownership or building continuity. (Library of Congress scan.)", "independence_family": "sanborn-berryville" }, { "id": "S240", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 22, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-01-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-01-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other 1925 issue records and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S241", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 15, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-10-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-10-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other 1925 issue records and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S242", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., February 1, 1914, Vol. XIX No. 117", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19140201", "form": "reporting", "date": "1914-02-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Issue 5 of the eighteen-issue digitized run, three pages, none of its OCR volunteer-corrected, read from the digitized issue and summarized in the project's working notes. The quoted wording is a condensed transcription, which shortens some entries, and the printed page of the passages used was not recorded; the OCR was not re-read for this record. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other issue records and was NOT re-verified: Virginia Chronicle refuses scripted requests.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S243", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., November 1, 1924, Vol. XXX No. 333", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19241101", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-11-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Issue 9 of the eighteen-issue digitized run, four pages, none of its OCR volunteer-corrected, read from the digitized issue and summarized in the project's working notes. The quoted wording is a condensed transcription, which shortens some entries, and the printed page of the passages used was not recorded; the OCR was not re-read for this record. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other issue records and was NOT re-verified: Virginia Chronicle refuses scripted requests.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S244", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., April 1, 1925, No. 338", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19250401", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-04-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Issue 14 of the eighteen-issue digitized run, four pages, 1.8 per cent of its OCR volunteer-corrected, read from the digitized issue and summarized in the project's working notes. The quoted wording is a condensed transcription, which shortens some entries, and the printed page of the passages used was not recorded; the OCR was not re-read for this record. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other issue records and was NOT re-verified: Virginia Chronicle refuses scripted requests.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S245", "title": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va., June 1, 1925, No. 340", "creator": "G. L. D. Harris, editor and proprietor", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19250601", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-06-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Issue 15 of the eighteen-issue digitized run, four pages, 11.0 percent of its OCR volunteer-corrected, read from the digitized issue and summarized in the project's working notes. The notes' heading for this issue marks pages 3 and 4 as pending. The quoted wording is a condensed transcription, which shortens some entries, and the printed page of the passages used was not recorded; the OCR was not re-read for this record. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other issue records and was NOT re-verified: Virginia Chronicle refuses scripted requests.", "independence_family": "peoples-journal" }, { "id": "S246", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 5, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-02-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-02-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other 1925 issue records and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S247", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 26, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-02-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-02-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL follows the pattern of the other 1925 issue records and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S248", "title": "The First Minnesota, Library of Congress catalog record sn85025195", "creator": "Library of Congress", "url": "https://lccn.loc.gov/sn85025195", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A catalog record, not an issue of the paper: it shows that the title existed and what the catalogers noted about it, and no page of the paper has been read. The Library of Congress holds no digitized issues of it. The record's notes are quoted as this project recorded them on 2026-09-08 in docs/research/CLARKE_NEWSPAPER_TITLES.md; the catalog was not re-read for this record, and the citation URL follows the LCCN permalink pattern and was not re-verified.", "independence_family": "loc-catalog" }, { "id": "S249", "title": "Berryville Conservator, Library of Congress catalog record sn85038632", "creator": "Library of Congress", "url": "https://lccn.loc.gov/sn85038632", "form": "document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-08", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A catalog record, not an issue of the paper: it shows that the title existed and what the catalogers noted about it, and no page of the paper has been read. The Library of Congress holds no digitized issues of it. The record's notes are quoted as this project recorded them on 2026-09-08 in docs/research/CLARKE_NEWSPAPER_TITLES.md; the catalog was not re-read for this record, and the citation URL follows the LCCN permalink pattern and was not re-verified.", "independence_family": "loc-catalog" }, { "id": "S250", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 12, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-02-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-02-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S251", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 17, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-09-17/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-09-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S252", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 8, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-10-08/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-10-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S253", "title": "Businesses in downtown Berryville, Virginia", "creator": "Carol M. Highsmith, photographer; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2020724163/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2019-11-12", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction: the Library's reference image, not its TIFF master and not a print. The photograph shows part of downtown Berryville as it looked in 2019. The item record says its title, date and keywords come from the photographer, and the title names no street, block, building or business. None is named or inferred here, so this source supports no statement about an address, a business, or any year before 2019.", "independence_family": "highsmith-2019-berryville" }, { "id": "S254", "title": "Clarke County courthouse, Berryville, Virginia, LC-DIG-highsm-60959", "creator": "Carol M. Highsmith, photographer; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2020724161/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2019-11-12", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction: the Library's reference image, not its TIFF master and not a print. The photograph shows the courthouse as it stood in 2019. The Library's own title for it begins \"In 1837, a year after Clarke County, Virginia, was formed, this county courthouse was erected in Berryville.\" The item record says the title comes from the photographer, and that date has not been checked here, so the title above is descriptive and this source supports no statement about when the courthouse was built.", "independence_family": "highsmith-2019-berryville" }, { "id": "S255", "title": "Burwell Mill, State Route 723, Millwood, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA-354; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0327/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction: the Library's reference image, not its TIFF master, a print or the negative. The item record names no photographer and gives no date for the photograph; \"Documentation compiled after 1933\" dates the survey documentation, not the exposure. The picture shows the mill building and the road and fence beside it, and supports no statement about when the mill was built, who owned it, or the rest of Millwood.", "independence_family": "habs-va-354" }, { "id": "S256", "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, Mar. 1921, sheet 2 of 5 (Library of Congress item)", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company; Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Sanborn Maps Collection", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn08979_005/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1921-03", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction: the Library of Congress scan, not the paper sheet, and no physical original was handled. The same sheet is also released on this site as S238, the Library's scan distributed through Wikimedia Commons. This record is the Library's own item, which is where the published details were cut from, and the two are one source, not two. The sheet records how the insurer's surveyor drew and labeled buildings in March 1921: footprint, construction, number of stories and use. It records no owner, no legal street address and no construction date, it does not show what a building looked like, and a 1921 footprint does not show that a building standing today is the same one.", "independence_family": "sanborn-berryville" }, { "id": "S257", "title": "Boyce Station VA1.jpg", "creator": "Acroterion / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boyce_Station_VA1.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2012-09-11", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction served by Wikimedia Commons, not a print or a negative. The photograph dates from 2012 and shows the station as it stood then. The identification of the building rests on the uploader's description, \"Boyce Station in the Boyce Historic District, Boyce, Virginia,\" and on the sign reading BOYCE on the building itself. Nothing in the frame dates the building, and it is not the Berryville passenger depot, which was a different building in a different town.", "independence_family": "acroterion-2012" }, { "id": "S258", "title": "Ginkgo Grove at the State Arboretum of Virginia.jpg", "creator": "Linda M Morgan / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ginkgo_Grove_at_the_State_Arboretum_of_Virginia.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2018-11-03", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction served by Wikimedia Commons, not a print. The photograph dates from November 2018 and shows the arboretum's ginkgo grove in autumn. The identification of the place rests on the uploader's title and description; nothing in the frame names it. A planted collection photographed in 2018 is not evidence about the farm's working history.", "independence_family": "linda-m-morgan-2018" }, { "id": "S259", "title": "JosephineCitySchool 0247.jpg", "creator": "Cecouchman / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JosephineCitySchool_0247.jpg", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2013-04-26", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A digital reproduction served by Wikimedia Commons, not a print. The photograph dates from April 2013 and shows a sign mounted outside the building, not the school itself. It was taken by the same photographer on the same day as S40, the photograph of the building, so the two are one source family. The uploader describes it as a sign outside the former Josephine City School, now a museum. The sign's text is legible in the file but has not been checked against any other record here, and nothing on this site rests on it.", "independence_family": "cecouchman-2013" }, { "id": "S260", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 19, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-03-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-03-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S261", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 7, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-05-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-05-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S262", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 4, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-06-04/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-06-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-14", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S263", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 8, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-01-08/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-01-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S264", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 2, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-04-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-04-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S265", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 27, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-08-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-08-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S266", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 10, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-09-10/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S267", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 5, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-11-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-11-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S268", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 17, 1925", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-12-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-12-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1925 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S269", "title": "Patricia B. Duncan, Clarke County, Virginia Marriages 1836-1886 (Heritage Books, 2008)", "creator": "Patricia B. Duncan", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9780788445965", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2008", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of the printed book, as held in research/passages/clarke-marriages-1836-1886.jsonl, not from the page image. Duncan abstracted the marriage records of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County from Library of Virginia microfilm; neither the microfilm nor the original register was inspected. Quotations keep the OCR's readings and Duncan's abbreviations; claims expand the abbreviations using her key. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "duncan-clarke-marriages" }, { "id": "S270", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 25, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-01-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-01-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S271", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 8, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-02-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-02-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Earlier readings from this issue were OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, with misread words shown with the reading in brackets. The page-4 report of Edward Jones's burial was read on September 26, 2026 from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record. On the image his age is 26, where the machine-read text gives 20.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S272", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 22, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-02-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-02-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S273", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 3, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-05-03/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-05-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S274", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 19, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-07-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-07-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S275", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 22, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-11-22/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-11-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S276", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 17, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-01-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-01-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S277", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 14, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-02-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-02-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S278", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 27, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-03-27/ed-1/?sp=6", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-03-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S279", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 3, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-04-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-04-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S280", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 1, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-05-01/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-05-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S281", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 29, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-05-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-05-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S282", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 4, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-09-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-09-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S283", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 11, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-09-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S284", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 13, 1924", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-11-13/ed-1/?sp=7", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-11-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1924 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S285", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 11, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-01-11/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-01-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S286", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 18, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-01-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-01-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S287", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 1, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-02-01/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-02-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S288", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 15, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-15/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-03-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S289", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-04-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The link opens the issue as a whole, not one page: the passages cited from it are on pages 1 and 4, so a single page link would open the wrong page for some of them. Each passage's locator gives its page. The link has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S290", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 10, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-05-10/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-05-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S291", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 28, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-06-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-06-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S292", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 9, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-08-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S293", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 16, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-08-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S294", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 13, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-09-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-09-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S295", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 11, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-10-11/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-10-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S296", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 6, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-12-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-12-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S297", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 13, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-12-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-12-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S298", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 15, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-02-15/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-02-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S299", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 29, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-03-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S300", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 21, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-06-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-06-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S301", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 8, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-03-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S302", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 5, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-07-05/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-07-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-15", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S303", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 17, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-02-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Earlier quotations from this issue were taken from uncorrected OCR in the Library of Congress bulk batch, with misread words shown with the reading in brackets. The report of the new Berryville Basket Co. was read again on September 25, 2026: from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read. Quotations from that reading follow the print, with one typesetting error (\"Kestern\") corrected in brackets. A fold crosses one paragraph of the report, which is not quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S304", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 9, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-06-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S305", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 4, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-08-04/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-08-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S306", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 18, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-08-18/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-08-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S307", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 19, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-01-19/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-01-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S308", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 26, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-01-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-01-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S309", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 13, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-04-13/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-04-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S310", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 24, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-05-24/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-05-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S311", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 10, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-02-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S312", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 31, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-03-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S313", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 5, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-05/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-05-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S314", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 19, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-19/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-05-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S315", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 8, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-08/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-09-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S316", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 17, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-11-17/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-11-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S317", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 12, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-01-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-01-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S318", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 2, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-02/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-02-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S319", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 16, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-16/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-03-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S320", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 18, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-05-18/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-05-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S321", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 7, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-09-07/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-09-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S322", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 7, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-06-07/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-06-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S323", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 27, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-01-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-01-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S324", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 2, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-06-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S325", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 16, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-16/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-06-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S326", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 16, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-16/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-02-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S327", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 27, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-04-27/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-04-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S328", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 17, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-08-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S329", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 13, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-01-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-01-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S330", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 17, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-03-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S331", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 23, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-23/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-06-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S332", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 23, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-03-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S333", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 1, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-01/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-06-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S334", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 8, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-06-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S335", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 29, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-29/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-06-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S336", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 28, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-09-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-09-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S337", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 12, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-10-12/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-10-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S338", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 19, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-10-19/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-10-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S339", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 16, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-11-16/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-11-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S340", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 26, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-26/ed-1/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-05-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The link opens the issue as a whole, not one page: the passages cited from it are on pages 1, 2 and 4, so a single page link would open the wrong page for some of them. Each passage's locator gives its page. The link has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S341", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 25, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-08-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-08-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S342", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 6, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-10-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-10-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S343", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 20, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-10-20/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-10-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S344", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 5, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-01-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-01-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S345", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 9, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-09/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-03-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S346", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 4, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-05-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-05-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S347", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 6, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-01-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-01-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S348", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 24, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-24/ed-1/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-02-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The link opens the issue as a whole, not one page: the passages cited from it are on pages 1 and 4, so a single page link would open the wrong page for some of them. Each passage's locator gives its page. The link has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S349", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 3, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-03-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S350", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 10, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-03-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S351", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 7, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-04-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-04-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S352", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 14, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-04-14/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-04-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S353", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 28, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-04-28/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-04-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S354", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 12, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-05-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S355", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 15, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-09-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S356", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 30, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-30/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-06-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S357", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 21, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S358", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 28, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-28/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S359", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 11, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-08-11/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-08-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S360", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 13, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-10-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-10-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S361", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 27, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-10-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-10-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S362", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 1, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-12-01/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-12-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S363", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 9, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-02-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S364", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 23, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-02-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S365", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 2, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-03-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S366", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 20, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-07-20/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-07-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S367", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 31, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-08-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S368", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 23, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-11-23/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-11-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S369", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 30, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-03-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S370", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 6, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-04-06/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-04-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S371", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 20, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-04-20/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-04-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S372", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 24, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-24/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-08-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S373", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 21, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-09-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-09-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S374", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 14, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-09-14/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-09-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S375", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 3, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-11-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-11-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S376", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 9, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-11-09/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-11-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S377", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 7, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-12-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-12-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S378", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 21, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-12-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-12-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S379", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 1, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-01/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-03-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S380", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 26, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-07-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-07-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S381", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 20, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-12-20/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-12-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S382", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 5, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-05/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-04-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S383", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 19, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-19/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-04-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S384", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 17, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-05-17/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-05-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S385", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 31, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-05-31/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-05-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S386", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 12, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-07-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-07-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S387", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 2, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-02/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-08-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S388", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 23, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-08-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S389", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 30, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-08-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S390", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 6, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-09-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-09-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Earlier quotations from this issue were taken from uncorrected OCR in the Library of Congress bulk batch, with misread words shown with the reading in brackets. The report of Hugh Armel's death was read again on September 25, 2026: from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read. Its subhead prints \"Timber\" where the machine-read text gives \"Umber\".", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S391", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 20, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-09-20/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-09-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S392", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 27, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-09-27/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-09-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S393", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 25, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-10-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-10-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S394", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 1, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-11-01/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-11-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S395", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 14, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-14/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S396", "title": "Patricia B. Duncan, Clarke County, Virginia Marriages 1887-1925 (Heritage Books, 2009)", "creator": "Patricia B. Duncan", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9780788449147", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2009", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of a scan of the printed book, as held in research/passages/clarke-marriages-1887-1925.jsonl, not from the page image. Duncan abstracted the marriage records of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County from Library of Virginia microfilm; neither the microfilm nor the original register was inspected. Quotations keep the OCR's readings and Duncan's abbreviations. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "duncan-clarke-marriages" }, { "id": "S397", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 10, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-11-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-11-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S398", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 15, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-06-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S399", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 22, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-06-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S400", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 26, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-10-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-10-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S401", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 30, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-11-30/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-11-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S402", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 14, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-06-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-06-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S403", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 18, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-10-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-10-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S404", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 15, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-11-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-11-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S405", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 3, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-03/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-02-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S406", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 7, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S407", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 15, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-12-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-12-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S408", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 24, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-11-24/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-11-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S409", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 22, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-12-22/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-12-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S410", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 11, 1922", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-05-11/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1922-05-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1922 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S411", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 22, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-22/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-03-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S412", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 12, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-04-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S413", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 4, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-10-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-10-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S414", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 8, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-11-08/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-11-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S415", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 29, 1923", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-11-29/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1923-11-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1923 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S416", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 21, 1921", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-04-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-04-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as OCR text from the Library of Congress bulk batch, as held in this project's 1921 Courier passage file, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected: misread words are shown with the reading in brackets, and stray marks are dropped. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the first item cited from this issue and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S417", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 28, 1937", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-10-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1937-10-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the OCR text this project's folk-tradition journalism lane holds for the item, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S418", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 30, 1947", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1947-10-30/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1947-10-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-16", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the OCR text this project's folk-tradition journalism lane holds for the item, not from the page image. The OCR is uncorrected. The citation URL is the page link recorded for the item and has not been rechecked.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S419", "title": "Encyclopedia Virginia", "creator": "Virginia Humanities, in partnership with the Library of Virginia", "url": "https://encyclopediavirginia.org/", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2026-09-21", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The publication itself, recorded so that later work can cite one of its entries, primary documents or media items against it. No claim in this corpus rests on it yet and no per-item source record has been created. Encyclopedia Virginia is an edited secondary reference: its entries are signed by named scholars and by the Dictionary of Virginia Biography and they summarize other scholarship rather than report from the record, so a statement taken from an entry is that scholarship at one remove and should be traced to the underlying source before it carries weight. Its primary documents are transcriptions the publication supplies; no original was inspected by this project. The publisher was the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities until it took the name Virginia Humanities, and older citations use the former name. Read on 21 September 2026 through the site's own search interface and the public pages it returned. That search does not index the full transcript text of primary documents, so it under-reports Clarke County content; research/discovery/encyclopedia-virginia-clarke.md records what was found and how.", "independence_family": "encyclopedia-virginia" }, { "id": "S420", "title": "Clifton, State Route 610 vicinity, Berryville, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-GAYLO.V,1; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0323/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0323" }, { "id": "S421", "title": "Annefield, State Route 633 vicinity, Boyce, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-BERVI.V,1; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0324/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0324" }, { "id": "S422", "title": "Saratoga, Main House & Outbuildings, Roseville Run, Boyce, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-BOYC.V,2; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0325/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0325" }, { "id": "S423", "title": "Summerville, Page Run, Boyce, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-BOYC.V,1; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0326/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0326" }, { "id": "S424", "title": "Greenway Court, Estate Office, State Route 658 vicinity, White Post, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-WHIPO.V,1-A; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0330/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0330" }, { "id": "S425", "title": "Greenway Court, Outbuilding, State Route 658 vicinity, White Post, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-WHIPO.V,1C; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0331/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey.", "independence_family": "habs-va0331" }, { "id": "S426", "title": "Greenway Court, Powder House, State Route 658 vicinity, White Post, Clarke County, VA", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA,22-WHIPO.V,1B; Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/va0332/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. No image file from this survey has been obtained or inspected, so nothing from it is cleared for display. The Library names no photographer for these sheets and the survey documentation is dated only as compiled after 1933; per-sheet dates, where the Library gives them, date the exposure or the drawing, not the survey. E-J's discovery report records that several sheets in this survey are described as copies of older photographs rather than as survey photography, which would engage the Library's \"copied from other sources\" exception. None of the 10 digitized sheets carries such a description in its own record, but this survey's item record was unreadable on 2026-09-21, so that flag is neither confirmed nor cleared.", "independence_family": "habs-va0332" }, { "id": "S427", "title": "\"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia", "creator": "Charles Randolph Hughes", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf#page=13", "form": "later_history", "date": "1906", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 76-page collection of four pieces about the Old Chapel, printed in 1906: a historical sketch, a Decoration Day address, \"A Gentleman of Verona\", and the cemetery record. The sketch is the earliest of them and is itself retrospective: Capt. William N. Nelson delivered it as an address at the chapel's anniversary celebration on September 7, 1890 and it was first published in The Clarke Courier on October 9, 1890, so it looks back on a building it dates to the 1740s from a century and a half away. Nelson names his own sources, among them Bishop Meade and a copy of the vestry book. The 2026-10-01 burial-record story's claims were each read directly as a rendered page image of the hosted public digital reproduction of the 1906 printing; other parts of the book (the Decoration Day address and \"A Gentleman of Verona,\" pp. 16-27) remain text-layer only, and nothing in the book has been checked against the records it cites.", "independence_family": "hughes-1906" }, { "id": "S428", "title": "A History of the Valley of Virginia, third edition, revised and extended by the author", "creator": "Samuel Kercheval", "url": "https://archive.org/details/historyofvalleyo00inkerc", "form": "later_history", "date": "1902", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Valley-wide context, not a Clarke County source: settlement, conflict, institutions, customs and geography across the Shenandoah Valley, of which Clarke County is a part. Its perspective is of its own period and it should be read as such. Kercheval wrote from the testimony of elderly settlers and their descendants, he is hostile and stereotyping where he writes about Native peoples and about enslaved people, and the book's account of the eighteenth century is recollection gathered decades later rather than record. This third edition of 1902 reprints a text first entered for copyright in 1833 and is not independent of it. The text layer was read; the scan images were not inspected.", "independence_family": "kercheval-1833" }, { "id": "S429", "title": "Michael D. Hess, Haunted Clarke County, Virginia (Haunted America, a division of The History Press, 2019)", "creator": "Michael D. Hess", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9781467142281", "form": "folklore", "date": "2019", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A folk-history book: a modern author's retelling of ghost stories attached to Clarke County places. It is evidence that these stories are told and that Hess recorded them, and evidence of nothing else. It does not establish that any person in a story existed, that any event happened, or that any building is haunted. The corpus guard in tests/test_folk_history_wall.mjs holds that line and no claim resting on this source may be assessed above qualified. Read from this project's OCR of a scan of the printed book, held in research/passages/haunted-clarke-county.jsonl, not from the page image; 67 of the book's pages were scanned, so this is a partial reading of the whole. Those passages are unreleased pending rights review and nothing from them is published. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "hess-haunted-clarke" }, { "id": "S430", "title": "Pam Lettie, editor, Reflections of Clarke County, Virginia: Through the eyes of local and regional artists and artisans (The Barns of Rose Hill, 2008)", "creator": "Pam Lettie, editor; The Barns of Rose Hill, publisher", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9781607255390", "form": "later_history", "date": "2008", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Only the front matter was read, from the project owner's 101-page scan; no passage file exists for this book and none of its body has been OCR'd. It is an art anthology rather than a history: paintings, photographs and craft work by named local and regional artists, with short captions, edited by Pam Lettie with design by John Burns, a cover painting by Edward Cooper and a back-cover photograph by Janet Hitchen. Proceeds benefit The Barns of Rose Hill, a released entity in this corpus. What it can support is what an artist chose to depict and how, not the history of anything depicted. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "barns-of-rose-hill-reflections" }, { "id": "S431", "title": "White Post Village Cook Book: A book of Favorite Recipes from The Village of White Post (Circulation Service, 1986)", "creator": "Not established from the book; no compiler, editor or organisation is named in the front matter", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=White+Post+Village+Cook+Book", "form": "document", "date": "1986", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A community fundraising cookbook, dedicated to Clarke County's Sesquicentennial 1836-1986 and sold to benefit the White Post light fund. It is evidence of what cooks in one village put their names to in 1986 and of nothing wider: not of the village's whole diet, not of who lived there, and not of any date before its own. The book names no compiler, editor or sponsoring organisation anywhere in its front matter, so the attribution of the compilation is open. Read from this project's OCR of the owner's 83-page scan, held in research/passages/white-post-village-cookbook.jsonl, not from the page image. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's title, not an ISBN, because the book carries none; it has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "white-post-village-cookbook" }, { "id": "S432", "title": "Patricia B. Duncan, Clarke County, Virginia Will Book Abstracts, Books A-I (1836-1904) and 1A-3C (1841-1913) (Heritage Books, 2016)", "creator": "Patricia B. Duncan", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9781585496792", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2016", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read from this project's OCR of the owner's 275-page scan, held across research/passages/clarke-wills-a.jsonl through clarke-wills-i.jsonl and clarke-wills-1a, -2b and -3c, not from the page image. One volume in two sections: abstracts of Will Books A-I begin at printed page 35 and abstracts of Books 1A-3C at page 183, with a general index before them and a name index from page 227. Duncan abstracted the will books of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County; neither the originals nor any microfilm of them was inspected here, so this is a reading of her abstracts and not of the wills. An abstract is a condensation: it carries the facts its abstracter chose to carry, and silence in one is not evidence of absence in the will. Those passages are unreleased pending editorial review. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's paperbound ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "duncan-clarke-wills" }, { "id": "S433", "title": "Josephine City School, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 168-5027)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5027_Josephine_City_School_1995_Final_Nomination.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1995", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as extracted text from the department's PDF on 21 September 2026, not from the signed paper form. A nomination argues a property's significance; its historical narrative is the preparer's research, not a primary record, and its dates carry the preparer's own hedges. Nothing here is taken from the survey's photographs or its continuation sheets beyond the passages cited.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S434", "title": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 168-5029)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2015", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as extracted text from the department's PDF on 21 September 2026. A district nomination describes its contributing resources in summary; the passages cited here name buildings and dates and do not narrate them. Twenty years later than the 1995 Josephine City School form and not independent of it.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S435", "title": "Millwood Colored School, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 021-0192-0008)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/021-0192-0008_Millwood_Colored_School_2000_Final_Nomination.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2000", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as extracted text from the department's PDF on 21 September 2026. This nomination is the richest single document on Black schooling in the county among the documents cited here: it carries the Greenway Magisterial District school board minutes of 1909, a Freedmen's Bureau report of 1868, a 1933 insurance survey and the 1950-51 consolidation, and it is cited here for four different schools. That concentration is also its limit: four of this register's rows rest on one preparer's reading.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S436", "title": "Boyce Historic District, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 172-0001)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/172-0001_Boyce_HD_2003_Final_Nomination.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2003", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as extracted text from the department's PDF on 21 September 2026. The register row cited a VLR_to_transfer path for this nomination which returns HTTP 404; the file was found at the department's wp-content path instead, and that is the address recorded here. The district form describes the school in a paragraph and an inventory entry, and does not research it further.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S437", "title": "Rosenwald Schools in Virginia, National Register multiple property documentation form (DHR 012-5041)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/012-5041_Rosenwald_Schools_2004_NRHP_MPD_FINAL.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2004", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as extracted text from the department's PDF on 21 September 2026. Cited here only for its statewide table of Rosenwald schools sorted by date of construction, which is a list of names and counties. The table gives no address, no plan type and no Fisk application number, so it establishes that a Clarke County school is named in the programme's documentation and not which building it was.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S438", "title": "Roots Run Deep: Mapping Sites and Communities of African-American Cultural Significance in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley", "creator": "Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project", "url": "https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/896c22fea765441ba26fb01241e093a8", "form": "later_history", "date": "2023-09-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read on 21 September 2026 from the rendered page. A heritage-tour entry is a summary written for visitors: it cites no record for its dates, and the project's own framing says many of the sites are gone or altered. It corroborates the school board minutes the Millwood nomination quotes, in almost the same words, which suggests it draws on that nomination rather than on the minutes.", "independence_family": "shenandoah-valley-black-heritage" }, { "id": "S439", "title": "Sugar Hill, Roots Run Deep tour site page", "creator": "Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project", "url": "https://rootsrundeep.org/sugar-hill.html", "form": "later_history", "date": "2026-02-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-21", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "The live address failed on 21 September 2026, so this is the Internet Archive's snapshot of 3 February 2026 and the page may have changed or gone since. The passage cited is explicit that it does not know where the Sugar Hill School stood, and raises the Stone Bridge name without resolving the relationship; nothing here resolves it either.", "independence_family": "shenandoah-valley-black-heritage" }, { "id": "S440", "title": "Listing photographs of 420 Rock Hall Farm Lane, Berryville", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named; distributed by Bright MLS and Redfin", "url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/420-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/16853404", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-22", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Real-estate listing photographs of the house, digital reproductions as distributed online, 1280 pixels wide with the Bright MLS mark; the camera originals were not obtained. They show the house and grounds as they stood when photographed. The photographer and the date each was taken are not given. They are pictures of the present house, not historical photographs, and support no statement about its history.", "independence_family": "bright-mls-420-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S441", "title": "Listing photographs of 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, Berryville", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named; distributed by Bright MLS and Redfin", "url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-22", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Real-estate listing photographs of the cabin, digital reproductions as distributed online, 1280 pixels wide with the Bright MLS mark; the camera originals were not obtained. The one used here comes from the listing first posted in July 2015, as reported by the lane that inspected the listing history. The photographer and the date it was taken are not given. It shows the cabin as it then stood and supports no statement about the age or origin of its logs.", "independence_family": "bright-mls-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S442", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 22 March 1883, page 1: \"'TRAMP' IN CLARKE COUNTY. BERRYVILLE AND ITS OUTLOOK\", reprinted from the Leesburg Mirror", "creator": "An unidentified correspondent signing himself \"Tramp\"; originally printed in the Leesburg Mirror, Leesburg, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1883-03-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1883-03-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A travel letter, not reporting: a visitor's impressions of Berryville written for a Loudoun County paper and reprinted in Clarke. Read from a Library of Congress scan, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself; the image was read at the Library of Congress and the masthead, the spring passage, the naming sentence and the sign-off were each checked against it. The writer is identified only by the pen name \"Tramp\"; the original Leesburg Mirror printing and its date have not been located. Writing in 1883 about \"the old colonial times\", he is evidence that the account was told and printed, not evidence of what happened at the spring. The Courier reprinting it shows the account circulated, not that the paper vouched for it.", "independence_family": "leesburg-mirror-tramp-1883" }, { "id": "S443", "title": "James Graham, The Life of General Daniel Morgan, of the Virginia Line of the Army of the United States (New York: Derby & Jackson, 1856)", "creator": "James Graham", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lifegeneraldani00grahgoog", "form": "later_history", "date": "1856", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "A biography published fifty-four years after Morgan's death. Its account of the fighting is footnoted to the manuscripts of the Rev. William Hill, the Presbyterian minister at Winchester who attended Morgan in his last years, so the chain runs Morgan to Hill to Graham and is a recollection twice removed, not a contemporary record. Hill's manuscripts have not been inspected here. Read from the complete Internet Archive OCR of a Derby & Jackson printing (archive id lifegeneraldani00grahgoog), not from page images, and the printing year of that copy is NOT established here: its OCR renders the title page and the copyright line as 1866, while an independent Internet Archive scan of a different copy (lifeofgeneraldan00grah) renders the title page as 1859. The OCR confuses 5 and 6 in both files -- the same two scans render the preface, signed at New Orleans in May, as 1856 and 1866 respectively -- so no title-page year here is legible enough to rely on. The 1856 date on this record is the standard published date for the work and was not confirmed against a page image. The three passages quoted from this source are word-for-word identical in both scans, so the quotations do not depend on which printing was read. Graham identifies Hill as \"Dr.\", a Doctor of Divinity; he was Morgan's minister, not his physician.", "independence_family": "graham-morgan-1856" }, { "id": "S444", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 6 October 1869, page 3: \"HOMICIDE\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1869-10-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1869-10-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short local item printed about a week after the killing, summarising what the paper says was \"elicited at the inquest\". It is a newspaper's account of an inquest, not a court record and not a verdict: no arrest, charge, trial or outcome appears in it. The Courier did return to the case, in two items of October 27, 1869 (S473). Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page rather than from the paper itself. The page image was inspected because the OCR of this item is badly degraded, rendering the two names as \"ailee Cary\" and \"H.akely\"; the names, the road, the hour and the closing sentence were each checked against the image.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1869-10-06-homicide" }, { "id": "S445", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 2 June 1881, page 3: \"Human Relics Exhumed\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-06-02/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-06-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short local item reporting a discovery made days earlier during construction. Read from a Library of Congress scan, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself. The item mixes two kinds of statement: what workmen found, and the paper's own explanation for it. Its closing attribution of the remains to Revolutionary soldiers is offered with the stated reason that no one knew when they were placed there. Its categorical assertion about Indigenous burial practice is the paper's own and is not adopted as a premise here.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-06-02-human-relics" }, { "id": "S446", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 17 February 1881, page 3: local items, the new bank organized", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-02-17/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-02-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as existing OCR from the held passage store, not from the page image. OCR errors are visible in the quoted text and are marked with bracketed corrections. The item is a short notice in a weekly local column and carries no detail beyond what is quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-02-17-local-items" }, { "id": "S447", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 24 February 1881, page 3: local items, decision to erect a bank building", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-02-24/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-02-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as existing OCR from the held passage store, not from the page image. OCR errors are visible in the quoted text and are marked with bracketed corrections. The item is a short notice in a weekly local column and carries no detail beyond what is quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-02-24-local-items" }, { "id": "S448", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 24 March 1881, page 3: \"Building Enterprise\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-03-24/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-03-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as existing OCR from the held passage store, not from the page image. OCR errors are visible in the quoted text and are marked with bracketed corrections. The item is a short notice in a weekly local column and carries no detail beyond what is quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-03-24-building-enterprise" }, { "id": "S449", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 15 September 1881, page 3: local items, the bank building under roof", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-09-15/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-09-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as existing OCR from the held passage store, not from the page image. OCR errors are visible in the quoted text and are marked with bracketed corrections. The item is a short notice in a weekly local column and carries no detail beyond what is quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-09-15-local-items" }, { "id": "S450", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 24 November 1881, page 3: local items, the bank building nearly completed", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1881-11-24/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1881-11-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as existing OCR from the held passage store, not from the page image. OCR errors are visible in the quoted text and are marked with bracketed corrections. The item is a short notice in a weekly local column and carries no detail beyond what is quoted.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1881-11-24-local-items" }, { "id": "S451", "title": "John Hudson, Since 1881: A Quasquicentennial Commemoration of Bank of Clarke County (2006)", "creator": "John Hudson", "url": "https://www.bankofclarke.bank/history/inc/html/18.html", "form": "later_history", "date": "2006", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A history of the bank commissioned by the bank for its own 125th anniversary, so it is an institutional account of its own past rather than an independent one. Read as the paginated web version the bank publishes, not from a printed copy; the page carrying the discovery is served at flipbook index 18 and labelled 17 in its own text, and that labelling has not been reconciled with the printed pagination. Its narrative of the 1881 discovery follows the Clarke Courier item closely and no source between 1881 and 2006 has been identified standing behind its statement that the identification was eventually determined. No citation apparatus was visible on the pages read.", "independence_family": "hudson-since-1881-bank-of-clarke" }, { "id": "S452", "title": "Clarke Monthly, \"Bank of Clarke County: 133 Years in Pictures\", 18 December 2014", "creator": "Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2014/12/18/bank-of-clarke-county-133-years-in-pictures/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2014-12-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A local magazine feature that credits Hudson's 2006 book for its account of the discovery, so it is a retelling of a retelling and not an independent witness. Read as web text. It supplies no date for the discovery and cites no source between 1881 and 2006.", "independence_family": "hudson-since-1881-bank-of-clarke" }, { "id": "S453", "title": "Congressional Record, 50th Cong., 1st Sess., vol. 19, part 6 (1888), House, page 5859: petitions", "creator": "United States Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1888-pt6-v19/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1888-pt6-v19-23-1.pdf", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1888-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The printed daily record of petitions presented in the House. It shows only that a petition in Mary F. Lewis's name was presented and referred to the Committee on War Claims; it does not reproduce the petition. The entry sits among the petitions at the end of the legislative day printed immediately before the heading \"TUESDAY, July 3, 1888\" on the same page; that day's own heading falls on a page not inspected. Read from a digital reproduction, the govinfo scan of the bound Record, not the paper volume.", "independence_family": "congressional-record-1888-lewis-petition" }, { "id": "S454", "title": "H. Misc. Doc. No. 44, 52d Cong., 1st Sess. (Serial Set 2959): Court of Claims findings, Congressional Case No. 5328, Mary F. (Francis) Lewis v. The United States (1892)", "creator": "United States Court of Claims, transmitted to the House of Representatives", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02959_00_00-029-0044-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02959_00_00-029-0044-0000.pdf", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1892-01-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The court's certified findings as printed for the House, two pages. The claimant's petition and item list are the court's summary of what she alleged, not findings; the only finding of value is the single sum of $1,002. The case file behind it, with the petition as filed and any testimony, has not been seen. The document does not name Locust Grove, Westbrook or the claimant's maiden name, and it does not record any payment. Read from a digital reproduction, the govinfo scan of the printed document, not the paper copy.", "independence_family": "court-of-claims-5328-lewis" }, { "id": "S455", "title": "Act of March 3, 1899, ch. 426, 30 Stat. 1161: \"An Act For the allowance of certain claims for stores and supplies reported by the Court of Claims under ... the Bowman Act\"", "creator": "United States Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-30/pdf/STATUTE-30-Pg1161.pdf", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1899-03-03", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A statute: it authorizes and directs the Treasury to pay the sums it lists. It is an appropriation, not a record of payment, and no warrant, settlement or receipt for this claim has been examined. It names the claimant as \"Mary F. Lewis, of Clarke County\" and cites no court case number for her or anyone else. If a claimant had died, it directs payment to legal representatives; that direction is not evidence that money went to anyone. Read from a digital reproduction, the govinfo scan of the printed volume, not the paper copy.", "independence_family": "statutes-at-large-30-ch426" }, { "id": "S456", "title": "Barry H. Lewis, \"A Legacy Imperiled\", guest essay, Clarke Monthly, September 2026, pages 4-5", "creator": "Barry H. Lewis, in Clarke Monthly", "url": "https://clarkeva.com/2026/09/02/clarke-monthly-september-2026/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2026-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A descendant's guest essay, written in 2026 in opposition to a proposed transmission-line route. It is the family's account, inherited and remembered, and it cites no record. Its petition date of September 20, 1888, its statement that $1,925 was paid and its account of the staircase and two bedrooms are the essay's own and are not independently verified; the federal records examined value the claim at $1,002 and show $1,002 appropriated. Printed page 4 was inspected as a page image; page 5 was read only as the publisher's text, and its image was not viewed. Read from a digital reproduction, the publisher's online flipbook edition, not the printed copy.", "independence_family": "lewis-family-account-2026" }, { "id": "S457", "title": "Chapel Rural Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination, VDHR 021-5025 (2013)", "creator": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/021-5025_ChapelRHD_2013_NRHP_Final.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "2013", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "An architectural-survey nomination for a whole rural district. Its 1810 date for the dwelling at 537 Old Winchester Road is a survey attribution, not a deed or datestone, and its narrative places Locust Grove among houses of an earlier era: a small internal difference, not resolved here. It records district membership as a contributing resource, not an individual listing, and it says nothing about the Lewis family's claim or who paid for any part of the house. Section 7 pages 9, 58 and 59 were read from the text layer; the rest was not.", "independence_family": "dhr-021-5025-chapel-rural" }, { "id": "S458", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 10, 1873, page 3: the Little killing reported", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1873-07-10/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1873-07-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a digital reproduction: the Library of Congress IIIF page image of the microfilmed issue, viewed at 50 per cent of the JP2 master, not the paper issue. The item was located by ALTO word coordinates and the quoted wording was read on the image. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S459", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 24, 1873, page 3: the Richmond Enquirer on Berryville", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1873-07-24/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1873-07-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. Nineteenth-century newspaper OCR drops and garbles words, so wording from this source is reported rather than quoted. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S460", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 30, 1873, page 3: the verdict on Lycurgus Little", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1873-10-30/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1873-10-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. Nineteenth-century newspaper OCR drops and garbles words, so wording from this source is reported rather than quoted. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S461", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 4, 1873, page 3: the verdict on Oscar Little", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1873-12-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1873-12-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. Nineteenth-century newspaper OCR drops and garbles words, so wording from this source is reported rather than quoted. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S462", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 12, 1874, page 3: a new trial granted", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1874-11-12/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1874-11-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. Nineteenth-century newspaper OCR drops and garbles words, so wording from this source is reported rather than quoted. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S463", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 8, 1875, page 3: Gilbert Little's testimony", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1875-04-08/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1875-04-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a digital reproduction: the Library of Congress IIIF page image of the microfilmed issue, viewed at 50 per cent of the JP2 master, not the paper issue. The item was located by ALTO word coordinates and the quoted wording was read on the image. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S464", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 15, 1875, page 3: the second verdict", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1875-04-15/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1875-04-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a digital reproduction: the Library of Congress IIIF page image of the microfilmed issue, viewed at 50 per cent of the JP2 master, not the paper issue. The item was located by ALTO word coordinates and the quoted wording was read on the image. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S465", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 6, 1876, page 3: pardons refused", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1876-04-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1876-04-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a digital reproduction: the Library of Congress IIIF page image of the microfilmed issue, viewed at 50 per cent of the JP2 master, not the paper issue. The item was located by ALTO word coordinates and the quoted wording was read on the image. A weekly newspaper report of a criminal case, not a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S466", "title": "Alexandria Daily State Journal, July 7, 1873, page 1: a Baltimore Sun special from Winchester on the Little killing", "creator": "Alexandria Daily State Journal", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024670/1873-07-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1873-07-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected. A Baltimore Sun special filed from Winchester the day after the killing and reprinted here, so it is at two removes from the events. The Clarke Courier, reporting on July 10, said the family was reticent and that little evidence showed what words were spoken before the shot; it does not carry the words this account gives.", "independence_family": "baltimore-sun-special-1873-little" }, { "id": "S467", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 25, 1886, page 1: \"An Old Acquaintance\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1886-03-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1886-03-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a digital reproduction: the Library of Congress IIIF page image of the microfilmed issue, viewed at 50 per cent of the JP2 master, not the paper issue. Every quoted phrase was read on the image, which corrects the OCR readings \"Cuptuiu\" for \"Captain\" and \"r b bous\" for \"ribbons\". The item carries no credit line, and the Courier ran uncredited filler routinely, so the page does not establish where the meeting it describes took place, or that it took place at all.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1886-old-acquaintance" }, { "id": "S468", "title": "Richmond Dispatch, November 6, 1861, page 2: \"Arrival.\" (transcription)", "creator": "Richmond Dispatch", "url": "https://civilwarrichmond.com/written-accounts/newspapers/richmond-dispatch/676-1861-11-06-richmond-dispatch-capt-gibbs-in-command-of-the-military-prisons-in-richmond", "form": "reporting", "date": "1861-11-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as a transcription published on civilwarrichmond.com, not as the newspaper page or its microfilm. The transcription has not been checked against the original. The item gives no first name or initial for Capt. Gibbs.", "independence_family": "richmond-dispatch-prisons-1861-1862" }, { "id": "S469", "title": "Richmond Dispatch, January 13, 1862, page 2: \"The Government Prisons\" (transcription)", "creator": "Richmond Dispatch", "url": "https://civilwarrichmond.com/written-accounts/newspapers/richmond-dispatch/753-1862-01-13-richmond-dispatch-capt-gibbs-promoted-to-major-leaves-for-salisbury-lt-hairston-19th-miss-to-be-his-replacement-prisons-will-be-kept-as-a-prison-depot", "form": "reporting", "date": "1862-01-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as a transcription published on civilwarrichmond.com, not as the newspaper page or its microfilm. The transcription has not been checked against the original. The item gives no first name or initial for Captain Gibbs, and does not say where he served before Richmond or after Salisbury.", "independence_family": "richmond-dispatch-prisons-1861-1862" }, { "id": "S470", "title": "Daniel W. Robinson, \"Belle Isle: Prison in the James, 1862-1865\" (M.A. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1980), page 25", "creator": "Daniel W. Robinson", "url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/40986/LD5655.V855_1980.R623.pdf?sequence=1", "form": "later_history", "date": "1980-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A master’s thesis of 1980, read as the text layer of the scanned typescript in the Virginia Tech institutional repository, not as the bound copy. Modern scholarship at more than a century’s remove from the events, cited here only for the date Libby became a prison and who commanded it, which is background to a newspaper anecdote rather than the subject of this page.", "independence_family": "robinson-belle-isle-1980" }, { "id": "S471", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 6, 1871, page 4: \"The Commandant at Castle Thunder\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1871-04-06/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1871-04-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. Nineteenth-century newspaper OCR drops and garbles words, and this block is visibly garbled, so the quoted wording is given as the OCR reads with its obvious misreadings silently left in place rather than corrected. The item is itself reporting what a Richmond paper said.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-castle-thunder-1871" }, { "id": "S472", "title": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 27, 1871, page 2: news paragraphs", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1871-07-27/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1871-07-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as the Chronicling America text layer only; no page image was inspected for this issue. The OCR of this column is visibly garbled and the quoted wording is given as it reads.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-castle-thunder-1871" }, { "id": "S473", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 27 October 1869, page 3: \"CIRCUIT COURT\" and \"NO ARREST\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1869-10-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1869-10-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two short local items on one page, printed three weeks after the paper's first report of the killing. The first reports that the circuit court's grand jury found a true bill, an indictment, against \"Pinkey\" for killing \"Elliott Cary\"; it reports no arrest, trial or verdict. The second reports a constable's unsuccessful trip to Madison county to arrest him. Neither gives Pinkey a surname, and the second names the dead man \"Alec, (or Elliott) Cary\". Both are the same newspaper's reporting, not court records. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page rather than from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1869-10-27-local-items" }, { "id": "S474", "title": "Richmond Daily Whig, September 16, 1854, page 2: \"Melancholy and Fatal Occurrence,\" credited to the Winchester Virginian", "creator": "Richmond Daily Whig", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024656/1854-09-16/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1854-09-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A reprint in a Richmond daily of an item credited to the Winchester Virginian, whose own issue has not been inspected. The credit line shows where the Whig took its text; it does not date the Virginian's printing, and whether the Whig printed it word for word is not known. It names none of the six men and identifies them only through the people said to have owned or hired them. It places the drowning \"near Parker's landing, in Clarke county\" and does not say where that was. Its explanation, intoxication, is marked as a supposition. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page rather than the paper itself; the \"J\" of \"James\" and the \"a\" of \"Virginian\" are damaged in the print.", "independence_family": "winchester-virginian-1854-09-drowning" }, { "id": "S475", "title": "Richmond Daily Dispatch, September 15, 1854, page 1: notice of six drowned in the Shenandoah", "creator": "Richmond Daily Dispatch", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024738/1854-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1854-09-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short uncredited notice. It does not say where its information came from, and whether it derives from the Winchester Virginian's account is not known. It gives no place beyond the Shenandoah, names none of the six, and lists the people it says they belonged to. It says the six \"were subsequently recognized\" without saying what that involved. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page; the retained crop cuts the left margin, so a few leading letters in the transcription are reconstructions, marked in square brackets.", "independence_family": "richmond-dispatch-1854-09-15-drowning" }, { "id": "S476", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 13 September 1877, page 2: \"Turnpike Notice.\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1877-09-13/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1877-09-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A notice calling a stockholders' meeting, printed as one of several insertions (\"sep6 4t\"). It names the meeting place, \"John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood,\" and nothing more about it: no initial for the keeper, no description of the building and no identification of its John Sprint with John W. Sprint or anyone else. It announces a meeting; it does not report that one was held. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1877-09-13-turnpike-notice" }, { "id": "S477", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 14 September 1882, page 2: \"Phosphates! Phosphates!\", advertisement of J. W. Sprint & Son, Boyce", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1882-09-14/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1882-09-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A trade advertisement, printed as one of several insertions (\"sept.7 6t\"). It is signed \"J. W. SPRINT & SON, BOYCE, VA.\" with the singular \"Son\". It names neither partner in full, and nothing in it identifies its \"J. W.\" with John W. Sprint or names the son. It says nothing about when the firm began or ended. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1882-09-14-sprint-phosphates" }, { "id": "S478", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 10 October 1917, page 1: obituary of John W. Sprint", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-10-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1917-10-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An obituary, giving the paper's account of his birth, family and death. It does not mention the 1877 hotel or the 1882 firm, and nothing here identifies him with either. \"He leaves one son\" lists the survivors, not every child. It gives the day of death only as \"Tuesday morning\". Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1917-10-10-john-w-sprint-obituary" }, { "id": "S479", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia, Will Book 2B, pages 332 to 334: will of B. F. Humston, dated April 30, 1902, and its admission to record, October 17, 1904", "creator": "Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County, Virginia", "url": "https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62347/images/007644871_00421", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1904-10-17", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The clerk's recorded copy of the will in the county will book, with the entry admitting it to record; the loose original will was not seen. Read from a digital reproduction of the county's microfilm, viewed through a subscription provider. The will is dated April 30, 1902 and was admitted to record on October 17, 1904; neither date is a conveyance date. Its devise of the Bellview farm gives no acreage, bounds or location, and does not name Mamie R. Sprint's children or set out their shares. The deed by which it says Humston acquired the farm has not been found. The witnesses' names are not transcribed.", "independence_family": "humston-estate-will-book-2b-1904" }, { "id": "S480", "title": "Clarke County, Virginia, Will Book 2B, page 338: inventory and appraisement of the personal estate of B. F. Humston, October 1904", "creator": "Clerk of the Circuit Court of Clarke County, Virginia", "url": "https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62347/images/007644871_00424", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1904-10-31", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An appraisal of personal property, recorded in the county will book. Read from a digital reproduction of the county's microfilm, viewed through a subscription provider. Only the lines under \"Bellview Place\" are transcribed; the places listed after it are not. Crops listed under a place name are not a title record and give no acreage or bounds. The appraisal is dated October 31, 1904, under an order of October 17, 1904; the date it was recorded is not stated here.", "independence_family": "humston-estate-will-book-2b-1904" }, { "id": "S481", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 8 December 1927, page 4: notice of a bankruptcy sale of Charles Whirley's live stock and farm equipment", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1927-12-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1927-12-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A sale notice in a bankruptcy. It places the sale \"at the farm of Mrs. Mamie R. Sprint, near Boyce\", and does not name the farm or say whether Whirley rented, worked or managed it. The sale date is the advertised one; no result is recorded here. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1927-12-08-whirley-sale" }, { "id": "S482", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 26 July 1928, page 4: report of the Kabletown orchard acquisition by Ashby Sprint and Harry C. Warden", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1928-07-26/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1928-07-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A news report of an acquisition, not a deed; its terms are not given. The property is near Kabletown in Jefferson County, West Virginia, not the Bellview farm. Its figures, 600 acres with about 250 in orchard, differ from the 579 acres with 285 in orchard reported in 1932, and the two are not reconciled. The packing house's output is given as hearsay (\"it was said\"). Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1928-07-26-kabletown-acquisition" }, { "id": "S483", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 11 April 1929, page 2: report of the dissolution of Sprint and Petely, apple exporters", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1929-04-11/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1929-04-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short news item. It dates the partnership's formation only to 1925 and the dissolution only by this report, and does not say where the office was. It spells the partner's name both \"Petely\" and \"Peteley\"; neither is corrected here. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1929-04-11-sprint-petely" }, { "id": "S484", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 4 July 1929, page 5: reprint of a Winchester Star report of the first car of summer apples shipped for export", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1929-07-04/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1929-07-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The Courier's reprint of a Winchester Star report, credited \"—Winchester Star.\" It depends on the Star's report and is not an independent account; the Star's own issue has not been inspected. Its \"today\" is the Star's and is not dated here. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "winchester-star-1929-07-export-car" }, { "id": "S485", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 11 September 1930, page 4: report on the Berkeley Springs Ice and Cold Storage Company", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A news report naming the company's officers. The plant's capacity is as the paper gave it. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1930-09-11-berkeley-springs-cold-storage" }, { "id": "S486", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 19 November 1931, page 1: \"Apple Harvest Is Completed\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-11-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-11-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report on the county's 1931 apple harvest. It names \"the Sprint packing house at Boyce\" separately from the Petley and Cather plant at White Post, and names no operator or owner for it. It does not say whose apples it packed or exactly where it stood. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1931-11-19-apple-harvest" }, { "id": "S487", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 7 January 1932, page 3: reprint of a Winchester Star report, datelined Charles Town, of the Blue Ridge Orchards receivership", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-01-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-01-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The Courier's reprint of a Winchester Star report, credited \"—Winchester Star.\" It depends on the Star's report and is not an independent account; the Star's own issue has not been inspected. Its dateline, Charles Town, December 24, is kept as the report's own date. It reports a petition for a receiver, not the outcome of the receivership. Its Kabletown figures differ from those reported in 1928 and are not reconciled. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "winchester-star-1931-12-24-blue-ridge-orchards-receivership" }, { "id": "S488", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 24 November 1932, page 1: report on the 1932 apple harvest", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-11-24/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-11-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report on the county's 1932 apple harvest. Unlike the 1931 report, it does not place the Sprint packing house at Boyce, and it names no operator for it. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1932-11-24-apple-harvest" }, { "id": "S489", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 31 August 1933, page 4: \"Apple Packing House for Sale,\" trustees' notice of a packing house at White Post Station", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1933-08-31/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1933-08-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A trustees' sale notice, printed as one of several insertions (\"8-31 4t\"). It advertises a sale; no completed sale is recorded here. It says the railway land under the building was leased to J. Ashby Sprint. It does not say that he owned or ran the packing house, and it names no operator. The trust deed is recited, not inspected. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1933-08-31-white-post-packing-house" }, { "id": "S490", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 7 November 1935, page 3: list of land delinquent for 1933 taxes", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-11-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1935-11-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A published list of land delinquent for taxes, not a title record. Its acreage is as listed. The Library of Congress dates the issue November 7, 1935, while the page's running head reads October 31, 1935. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1935-11-07-delinquent-land" }, { "id": "S491", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 1 October 1936, page 8: \"Commissioners' Sale of Sprint Farm\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-10-01/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1936-10-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A commissioners' sale advertisement, printed as one of several insertions (\"10-1 4t\"). It advertises a sale and records none. Its statement that the land was devised to Mamie R. Sprint for life with remainder to her children recites Humston's will and is not separate confirmation of it. The case caption does not name every defendant and is not a schedule of shares. It arises from the same proceedings as the December 1936 report and the 1937 estate notices, which are not independent witnesses to its facts. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "sprint-farm-sale-and-estate-1936-1937" }, { "id": "S492", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 3 December 1936, page 1: report that the sale of the Sprint farm was continued to December 14", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-12-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-12-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A news report of a rejected bid and a postponed offering; it records no sale. It gives the first offering only as \"last Tuesday\". It arises from the same proceedings as the October 1936 advertisement. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "sprint-farm-sale-and-estate-1936-1937" }, { "id": "S493", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 18 February 1937, page 7: administrators' sale notice for the estate of Mamie R. Sprint", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-02-18/ed-1/?sp=7", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1937-02-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An estate sale notice for personal property, not land; no result is recorded here. It shows an estate role, not who worked the farm. It does not establish which Thomas H. Sprint signed as administrator. A printing of February 11, 1937 names different administrators and calls her \"Miss\"; the two printings are not reconciled. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "sprint-farm-sale-and-estate-1936-1937" }, { "id": "S494", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 16 February 1939, page 5: public sale notice of Jas. C. Royston, on the Sprint farm west of Boyce", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-02-16/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1939-02-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A sale notice for Royston's own personal property; no result is recorded here. It does not say whether he owned or rented the land, and identifies the farm only by its name and location as printed. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1939-02-16-royston-sale" }, { "id": "S495", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 6 July 1944, page 8: obituary of Thomas Hatcher Sprint", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-07-06/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-07-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An obituary. It states his parents and surviving brothers and sister as the paper gave them; it is not a legal list of heirs. Thomas Hatcher Sprint, the son, is a different person from his father, Thomas H. Sprint. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as the clipping retained in the project's source packet, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1944-07-06-thomas-hatcher-sprint-obituary" }, { "id": "S496", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 15 September 1932, page 1: report on the apple harvest and the Berryville packing plants", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-09-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A harvest report written while the season was under way. The numbers at work are the paper's own figures for two plants on the day. The paragraph used continues an article that begins higher in the column; one line of it is garbled in print and is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S497", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 21 September 1933, page 4: report on the 1933 apple crop", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1933-09-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1933-09-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A harvest report. The acreage, farm, tree and worker figures are the paper's own; the larger workforce with two shifts is its expectation, not a report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S498", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 26 September 1935, page 1: report on local employment in the orchards and packing houses", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-09-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-09-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A harvest report under the paper's own headline, whose framing is the paper's. The figure of more than 300 is the paper's; the page image reads 300 where the machine-read text reads 200. Of the article's other employers, only its report on the Berryville Basket Company is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S499", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 14 August 1930, page 1: report on the town water supply in the drought", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-08-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-08-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of conditions and of the paper's expectation that the supply might last through the drought. It reports no outcome. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S500", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 8 January 1931, page 1: letters of Ralph N. Dorsey and C. W. Warburton on federal crop loans to tenant farmers", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-01-08/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-01-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two letters as the paper printed them, each dated by its writer. The paper's own introduction to them is partisan and rounds the tenancy figure differently; it is not used. The 56 percent is Dorsey's statement in his letter, not a census count, and the letters report no outcome. Dorsey is not identified here with the Moore and Dorsey packing firm. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S501", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 10 May 1928, page 4: report on a proposed industrial school for Black students at Josephine City", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1928-05-10/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1928-05-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a proposal before the county supervisors, continued to their next regular meeting. The $1,000 from B. B. Jones is reported as understood, and the Rosenwald money as promised. It reports no decision, no building and no payment, and nothing here joins it to the Training School building of 1930 or to any Rosenwald listing. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S502", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 12 May 1932, page 8: teacher roll for the 1932-33 session", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-05-12/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-05-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A list of teacher appointments as the paper printed it. It records appointments, not who taught where or for how long, and its names are printed as given; none is identified here with a person in any other record. An ink blemish touches one initial of the principal's name; it remains legible. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S503", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 18 May 1933, page 1: teacher list for the 1933-34 session", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1933-05-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1933-05-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A list of teacher appointments as the paper printed it. It records appointments, not who taught where or for how long, and its names are printed as given; none is identified here with a person in any other record. One teacher's name is printed Morgen J. Edwards. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S504", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 13 September 1934, page 1: list of teacher appointments", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-09-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1934-09-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A list of teacher appointments as the paper printed it. It records appointments, not who taught where or for how long, and its names are printed as given; none is identified here with a person in any other record. It names an E. T. Johnson, Jr., at Millwood separately from the Training School's principal; the two are not identified with each other or with anyone else. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S505", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 11 October 1934, page 5: report on the Colored School Improvement League and the Training School", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-10-11/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1934-10-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report on the Training School and an announcement of the league's meeting; the meeting is announced, not reported. The enrollment is the paper's figure. Bristow Station is printed as given and is not identified with Bristol. The league is not identified with the county school league of the 1920s. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S506", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 23 May 1935, page 3: acknowledgement from the Stone Bridge School to the county T. B. fund", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-05-23/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-05-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An acknowledgement sent in by the school's teacher in the name of the school and community. The benefit it describes is their own report, not a medical finding. It names the Stone Bridge School and does not say colored, and it does not identify the school's building. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S507", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 5 September 1935, page 1: report of teacher appointments and the superintendent's statements", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-09-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-09-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A list of teacher appointments as the paper printed it. It records appointments, not who taught where or for how long, and its names are printed as given; none is identified here with a person in any other record. The principal's name is printed E. T. Johnston. The superintendent's statements are policy and an announced office hour, not reports of enforcement; the office hour is given in a continuation lower on the page. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S508", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 26 June 1930, page 1: report that the A. & P. had leased the Berryville Cash Store building", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-06-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-06-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a lease and of the store's selling off its stock for cash. It does not give the store's street location. One damaged word in print is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S509", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 25 September 1930, page 1: announcement of the opening of the A. & P. store", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement printed the day of the store's evening preview: the preview and the next morning's opening are announced, not reported. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S510", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 4 February 1932, page 1: report of Roy E. Potts's appointment as postmaster", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-02-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-02-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A later account in the same paper. It confirms the store's operation from the fall of 1930, not the morning announced in September 1930, and it is not an independent witness to the opening. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S511", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 16 July 1936, page 1: report on the opening of the county centennial celebration", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-07-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-07-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report printed eight days after the opening. The crowd figure is the paper's own, for the first showing. The pageant scenes are the 1936 program's depiction as the paper reported it, and only part of the program's account was read. The report's naming of the queen and her court, the page's photograph and the page's other centennial items are not used. Read from regions of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself. The page image was kept privately and only the regions named in the inspection note were read. The newspaper and date are those of the Library of Congress page record; on the image, the masthead gives Thursday, July 16, 1936.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S512", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 16 July 1936, page 4: report on the receipts of the county centennial celebration", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-07-16/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-07-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An unofficial report as the paper printed it: the figures are approximate, some receipts were still outstanding and the expenses were not fully known. The stockholders' return is an expectation, not a payment. The itemized receipts, the report of the producer's fee and the item printed below it are not used. Read from regions of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself. The page image was kept privately and only the regions named in the inspection note were read. The newspaper and date are those of the Library of Congress page record; on the image, the folio line gives page four and Thursday, July 16, 1936.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S513", "title": "Carter Hall, National Register of Historic Places nomination, DHR 021-0012 (NRHP 73002003), 1973", "creator": "Prepared for the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission and the National Park Service (preparer not recorded in the acquisition receipt)", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/021-0012/", "form": "later_history", "date": "1973", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 1973 professional survey prepared to argue a register listing. Its account of construction and ownership cites no deed, so every date and buyer is the preparer’s summary. Read from the DHR’s digital reproduction of the nomination, an 8-page PDF, as rendered images of pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7; pages 5 and 8 were not read, and the paper form was not handled. Two copies are bound together: page 2 is the copy received in June 1973; page 1 carries a later, undated annotation. The tract acreage reads 5808 or 5308. Its wartime statements are present and not assessed.", "independence_family": "dhr-nominations" }, { "id": "S514", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 28, 1929, page 1: Burwell Sells “Carter Hall”", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1929-11-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1929-11-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction viewed at 3000 px wide, not from the paper itself. A newspaper report, not a deed or a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S515", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 12, 1929, page 4: Millwood column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1929-12-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1929-12-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction viewed at 3000 px wide, not from the paper itself. A newspaper report, not a deed or a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S516", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 9, 1930, page 5: Real Estate Transfers Recently Recorded, and the Millwood column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-01-09/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-01-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction viewed at 3000 px wide, not from the paper itself. A newspaper report, not a deed or a court record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S517", "title": "Colonial Williamsburg research report RR1451 (on Carter’s Grove), Appendix 1: transcription of a 1964 certified copy of Nathaniel Burwell’s will", "creator": "Colonial Williamsburg Foundation", "url": "https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/view/index.cfm?doc=ResearchReports%5CRR1451.xml", "form": "later_history", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-22", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A report transcription of a certified copy made on 6 March 1964 of a will dated 6 September 1813 (codicil 21 March 1814, recorded 2 May 1814; Frederick Superior Court Will Book 2, p. 404). The original was not reached. The report concerns Carter’s Grove, a different property. Not retained in the project’s evidence store.", "independence_family": "cw-rr1451" }, { "id": "S518", "title": "Winchester Star, “Project HOPE puts historic Carter Hall up for sale”, Mickey Powell, November 29, 2018", "creator": "Winchester Star", "url": "https://www.winchesterstar.com/winchester_star/project-hope-puts-historic-carter-hall-up-for-sale/article_99c4bf4b-b63f-5e1b-b7fd-8e6959887686.html", "form": "reporting", "date": "2018-11-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A local newspaper report carrying the organization’s figures and account. No county record it refers to was inspected. Its figures are the paper’s; its 1978 date is a report of use, not of title.", "independence_family": "winchester-star-2018-carter-hall" }, { "id": "S519", "title": "Northern Virginia Daily, “Carter Hall to become inn, conference center, new owners say”, Mickey Powell, October 3, 2021", "creator": "Northern Virginia Daily", "url": "https://www.nvdaily.com/carter-hall-to-become-inn-conference-center-new-owners-say/article_6d767e30-0b50-573a-adec-1506676c8fde.html", "form": "reporting", "date": "2021-10-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-11", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A single local report; its publication date is as reported by the fetched page. Neither the deed nor the tax roll it refers to was inspected. The precise date local operations ended is not established.", "independence_family": "nvdaily-2021-carter-hall" }, { "id": "S520", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 7, 1931, page 1: \"Basket Plant Now Running\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-05-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-05-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report at a reopening, whose figures are the paper's. The page image reads \"about 50 people\", as does the item's subhead; the machine-read text gives 60. The capacity is a stated maximum, not a count of output. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S521", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 12, 1934, page 1: \"Basket Factory Resumes Operations\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-04-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1934-04-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short report of a resumption, whose figures are the paper's; how long the plant would run is given only as an expectation. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S522", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 14, 1938, page 1: \"New Jersey Man Makes Purchase of Berryville Basket Factory\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-07-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-07-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a sale by the plant's manager, with the price withheld; no deed or contract was inspected. The buyer's background and plans are his own or the paper's account. Its history of the company is a retrospective written seventeen years after the charter. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S523", "title": "Photographs of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, supplied by Michael Oak", "creator": "Michael Oak (the snow photograph); the photographer of the porch photograph is not recorded", "url": null, "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two modern photographs of the cabin, supplied to Our Clarke by Michael Oak: a view in falling snow taken on January 7, 2020, a date read from the camera record of the held original, and a photograph of Michael Oak and Jennifer Riley on the porch, whose date and photographer are not recorded. The files were inspected as digital files; what is served is a digital reproduction, scaled for the web with the source file’s metadata kept, and the originals are held privately. There is no public copy to link to. They show the cabin as it stood when they were taken and support no statement about its age, its construction or whether it has moved.", "independence_family": "owner-photographs-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S524", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 6 June 1872, page 3: trustee’s sale notice of the Hardesty home tract", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1872-06-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1872-06-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A trustee’s sale notice offering about 200 acres on the Winchester and Berryville turnpike, the tract conveyed by William G. Hardesty and others in trust for Mrs. Hannah C. Page in 1868, with “a Comfortable Dwelling House, an overseer’s house and other improvements.” It does not say where the overseer’s house stood, what it was built of or who lived in it, and it does not identify today’s cabin. It announces a sale; it does not report one. Read from a Library of Congress scan of the printed page, as a crop retained with the Rock Hall research files, not from the paper itself.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1872-06-06-hardesty-sale-notice" }, { "id": "S525", "title": "U.S. Geological Survey, Aerial Photo Single Frames, frame 1VCZM00050005, April 17, 1972", "creator": "U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1972-04-17", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-23", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A vertical aerial photograph, retained as the EROS scan and read as a digital reproduction, not the film. At this scale the farm’s buildings are a few grainy pixels. A small feature at the end of the cabin’s driveway, as the present owner identifies it, is consistent with a building, but the frame is too grainy to show a roof clearly and shows nothing of a building’s age, material or history. The owner’s identification and the coordinator’s reading of the same frame are not independent sources. No item-specific license is shown in the held receipt for this frame.", "independence_family": "usgs-eros-1VCZM00050005" }, { "id": "S526", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 30, 1909, page 1: \"Colored People to Unveil Monument.\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1909-06-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1909-06-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a planned unveiling, with the paper's own account of how the cemetery company began. It names none of the forty-one founders and does not identify \"Mr. Engle.\" Its founding year, 1879, differs from the 1874 deed the Josephine City historic-district nomination cites, and the deed was not read. No report that the unveiling took place was found. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S527", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 4, 1924, page 1: obituary of George William Lightfoot", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-12-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-12-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An obituary. It says his name appeared among the company's directorate, without a date or office; it does not say he was the \"G. W. Lightfoot, Sec\" who signed the company's 1910 advertisement. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S528", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 19, 1897, page 3: \"A Card.\" from B. R. Blackburn", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1897-05-19/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1897-05-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A card of thanks written by the girl's parent; it is the family's own notice, not a burial record. It is the earliest use of the cemetery's name found in the Courier text held by this project. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S529", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 25, 1917, page 1: report of the death of Helan Fields", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-04-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1917-04-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short death report. It says the remains would be brought for interment; it does not report the burial itself. The machine-read text misreads her first name; the page image reads Helan, printed with a period form of address that is not repeated here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S530", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 28, 1931, page 1: \"Legion Service 5 P. M. Friday\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-05-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-05-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a planned Memorial Day program for Friday afternoon, May 29, under the subhead \"Memorial Service At Cemetery\"; it does not report that the flowers were placed. The printed program continues below the retained region and is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S531", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 31, 1934, page 1: report of the Memorial Day exercises", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-05-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1934-05-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-25", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of exercises held, as the paper describes them. It gives the order of service and names the Rev. E. T. Johnson as principal of the Clarke County Training School; it does not give the day or the number present. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S532", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 7, 1935, page 1: report of the death of Lewis Myers", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-02-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-02-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death and funeral report. It names the lodge only as the Black lodge of the Knights of Pythias, without a number, so it is not identified with any numbered lodge. Its headline and first sentence give Lewis Myers a period form of address that is not repeated here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S533", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 22, 1945, page 10: \"Funeral Services Held Tuesday For Rev. E. T. Johnson\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=10", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-11-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An obituary, whose account of his career is the paper's. It credits him with founding a training school at Nottoway and says that in Clarke County he founded the W. B. T. Williams Training School in Josephine City; the school's own records were not read for this claim. The book it names was in progress and was not seen. The printed page number \"PAGE TEN\" is visible on the page image. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S534", "title": "Clarke County Historical Association catalog record 2005.00023.291.C: \"Memorial Day, 1991-Milton Valley Cemetery\"", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association", "url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.291.C&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "1991-05-30", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. The record describes a digital image of Memorial Day services at the cemetery on May 30, 1991, credited to the Clarke Courier; the catalog page shows a small thumbnail, but the photograph itself was not examined, and nothing here describes it beyond the catalog's words. One dated photograph does not show that observance continued from year to year.", "independence_family": "ccha-catalog" }, { "id": "S535", "title": "Clarke County Historical Association catalog record 427/2005-#3: \"Milton Valley Cemetery-Grave Plat\"", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association", "url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=427%2F2005-%233&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "form": "document", "date": "2004", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Catalog metadata only. The record describes a plat of the cemetery's graves dated Fall 2004, 41 leaves of photocopies, kept to accompany Don and Mary Royston's volume on the cemeteries of Clarke County, and says the names will be cataloged later; it credits the plat to a named compiler. The plat was not seen, so no grave, name or count is taken from it.", "independence_family": "ccha-catalog" }, { "id": "S536", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 17, 1930, page 4: report \"Colored People Digging Foundation\" on the contract for the colored school building", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-04-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-04-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a contract and of the patrons' digging, carrying the principal's verse. The contract itself was not inspected. The top line of the headline is smudged on the scan. The machine-read text gives the price as $17,360; the image reads $17,350.00. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S537", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 15, 1930, page 4: report on the colored school building and a contribution from its principal, E. T. Johnson", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-05-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-05-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report and, in most of its length, the principal's own contribution, printed under a groundbreaking photograph that was not examined. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S538", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 5, 1930, page 7: \"Cornerstone of New School For Colored To Be Laid Tomorrow\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-06-05/ed-1/?sp=7", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-06-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement ahead of the date, with the principal's program for the day. It prints his name as E. T. Johnston. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S539", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 12, 1930, page 4: \"Cornerstone of School For The Colored Is Laid\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-06-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-06-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The principal's own account of the cornerstone day, printed as his contribution. It does not state the date of the event, and the dedication it anticipates is not reported here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S540", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 16, 1936, page 1: \"C. C. C. Members To Give Program Here\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-04-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-04-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short announcement of a program to come; it reports no outcome. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S541", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 7, 1936, page 7: \"Training School Team Wins State Honors\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-07/ed-1/?sp=7", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-05-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of contest results as the paper had them; the contest's own records were not read. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S542", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 7, 1936, page 3: \"Negro Life In County To Be Portrayed May 21\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-05-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a school pageant to come; no report of it was found in the following issues searched. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S543", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 21, 1936, page 4: \"Training School Finals Slated Tuesday Night\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-05-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a commencement to come. It prints the fund's name as \"John A. Slater Fund\". Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S544", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 18, 1936, page 8: \"School Improvement League Meets Monday\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-06-18/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-06-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A notice of a meeting to come, carrying the League's statement about its bus. The annual report it mentions was not found. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S545", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 10, 1936, page 1: \"County Training School Ranks Fifth In Contest\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-09-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of placings at a national convention as the paper had them; the machine-read text of the item is garbled, and the convention's own records were not read. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S546", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 11, 1937, page 1: \"Training School Aggies Trounce Harrisonburg\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-02-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1937-02-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short game report. The machine-read text gives February 8 and 17 to 18; the image reads February 3 and 17 to 12. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S547", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 29, 1937, page 1: \"Training School Plans Field Day\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-04-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1937-04-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a field day to come, carrying the principal's statements about past field days and the bus; no report of the field day was found in the following issues searched. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S548", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 10, 1937, page 1: \"Clarke Training School Graduates 9 At Finals\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-06-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1937-06-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a commencement. The graduates it lists are not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S549", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 17, 1938, page 7: \"Clarke Training School To Hold Art Exhibition\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-02-17/ed-1/?sp=7", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-02-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of an exhibit to come; no report of it was found in the following issues searched. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S550", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 7, 1938, page 1: report \"Taxpayers To Be Heard On Topics\" on the proposed county budget", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-04-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-04-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a budget proposal before a public hearing; adoption is not reported here. The crop cuts the right end of the top headline. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S551", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 8, 1938, page 4: county school bus routes, Bus No. 3 (Colored)", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-09-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-09-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A published list of routes, drivers and times; it is a schedule, not a record of service. The list's heading is outside the retained region. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S552", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 15, 1938, page 4: \"Clarke County Training School Wins Opener\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-12-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-12-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short game report. The players it lists are not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S553", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 4, 1939, page 8: \"County Training School To Hold Small Olympic\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-05-04/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1939-05-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement by the school's Athletic Association of an event to come; no report of it was found in the following issues searched. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S554", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 11, 1939, page 2: \"Colored School Bond Holders Asked To Pay\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-05-11/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1939-05-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The League's own appeal, signed by its president. Its figures and \"nearly every\" are its own statements, not counts. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S555", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 13, 1940, page 8: \"Twelve Seniors Finish At Training School\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1940-06-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1940-06-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a commencement. The graduate list, which continues outside the retained region, is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S556", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 15, 1940, page 1: \"Patrons Invited To Board Sessions\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1940-08-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1940-08-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a School Board meeting, continued on page 8; the sentence used is complete on page 1. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S557", "title": "Julius Rosenwald Fund school card no. 3876: \"Berryville School,\" Clarke County, Va.", "creator": "Julius Rosenwald Fund", "url": "https://rosenwald.fisk.edu/s/rosenwald-fund-collection/item/30127", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A typed index card of the fund's school-building program, undated; it records the building as built under the 1930-31 budget. It names a \"Berryville School\" and not the Clarke County Training School, so its identification with the Training School building is probable, not certain. Its total is the project's cost as the fund recorded it, not the 1930 contract price. A handwritten red note in its margin is not transcribed. Read from the collection's own image of the card, a digital reproduction and not the card itself.", "independence_family": "rosenwald-fund-records" }, { "id": "S558", "title": "The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930: \"List of 384 Schools 1929-30\"", "creator": "The John F. Slater Fund", "url": "https://archive.org/details/proceedingsrepor00john_9", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1930", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The fund's printed annual report. Its list of county training schools for 1929-30 gives each school's county, years on the list, post office, superintendent and principal; it gives no grant for any one school. It prints the Clarke superintendent as A. F. Robinson. Pages 16 and 24 were read on the Internet Archive's page images, a digital reproduction and not the printed volume; the report's section on county training schools was read in the archive's machine-read text only.", "independence_family": "slater-fund-reports" }, { "id": "S559", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 6, 1942, page 17: \"Courier Chatter\" column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-08-06/ed-1/?sp=17", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-08-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A humorous local column. Its account of the \"Red Flash\" mix-up is the column's own; no second source for it was found. Its gasoline figure is approximate. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S560", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 12, 1941, page 1: \"Observation Post To Be Formed In County\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-06-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1941-06-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement at formation. It asks for volunteers and outlines the state plan; it does not show that the posts were set up. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S561", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 22, 1943, page 1: \"3 Aircraft Posts Closed By War Department\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-07-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-07-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department order, which was not itself seen. Its summary of how the service began is a retrospective written about two years later. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S562", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 1, 1942, page 9: \"347 Various Functions Are Subscribed To In Registration At Court House\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-01-01/ed-1/?sp=9", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-01-01", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The registrar's counts of people offering to serve, as the paper printed them; not a record of work done. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S563", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 22, 1942, page 1: \"Rationing Board Allows 2 Tires, 1 Tube\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-01-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-01-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of one meeting of the tire rationing board; the board's own records were not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S564", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 30, 1942, page 1: \"Air Spotter Stations In County Are Moved\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-04-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-04-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a discussion and of preliminary plans, not of their outcome. The image reads \"W. D. Burtner\" where the machine-read text is garbled. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S565", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 24, 1942, page 12: \"Berryville Post Changes To 3 Hour Shifts\" and a notice by M. W. Jones, Jr.", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-24/ed-1/?sp=12", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-09-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on one page: the Berryville post's announced shift plan and appeal for observers, which is a plan and not a record of how the shifts were filled, and a signed notice in the classified columns, which states an intention. The shift article jumps from one column to the next; the ALTO text interleaves an unrelated Red Cross item, which the image separates. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S566", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 7, 1942, page 1: \"Sugar Rationing Ends Today In County\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-05-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The figures are the paper's, from an official's survey, and are kept as printed: the two day counts add to 3,736, ten more than the printed total of 3,726. The expected county total is an estimate. The article continues on page 4, which was not read and is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S567", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 14, 1942, page 1: \"Hundreds Issued Gas Rationing Cards Here\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-05-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report during registration week; the schools are named as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S568", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 21, 1942, page 1: \"1,255 Register For Gas Rationing Cards In County\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-05-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's observations of the first days of gasoline rationing and its counts of cards. The page image reads 431 A cards where the machine-read text is garbled. The list of card classes continues on page 4. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S569", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 21, 1942, page 4: \"Gas Rationing Cards\", continued from page 1", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-05-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The continuation of the page 1 report, with the B-3 and X card counts. The image reads B-3 where the machine-read text has \"P-3\"; the five printed classes total the 1,255 given on page 1. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S570", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 28, 1942, page 19: \"Training School Cancels Baccalaureate\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-28/ed-1/?sp=19", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-05-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement before commencement, not a report of it. The school's name is as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S571", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 3, 1942, page 15: report of the White Post spotters' vote to build a post", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-03/ed-1/?sp=15", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-09-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a vote and a fund-raising plan; whether the post was built is not shown. The image reads \"Brucetown\" where the machine-read text has \"Bruretown\". The item's headline is cut off at the top of the retained crop. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S572", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 3, 1942, page 16: \"Air Spotter Post Dedicated At Boyce Sunday\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-12-03/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-12-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of the dedication. The article runs on beyond the retained region; only its opening columns are used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S573", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 3, 1942, page 1: \"Junior Woman's Club Active In Sale Of Bonds\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-12-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-12-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The bond figures are the paper's; no bond or club records were seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S574", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 9, 1944, page 14: \"For Sale\" notice of the air spotter station at Boyce", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-11-09/ed-1/?sp=14", "form": "contemporary_report", "date": "1944-11-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An advertisement of a sale to come. It does not show that the sale took place or what became of the building. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S575", "title": "Callie Lou Freed, \"Keep Your Eyes Aloft,\" The UncommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia, November 6, 2013", "creator": "Library of Virginia (Callie Lou Freed, Local Records Archivist)", "url": "https://uncommonwealth.lva.virginia.gov/blog/2013/11/06/keep-your-eyes-aloft/", "form": "later_history", "date": "2013-11-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A later interpretive blog post by a Library of Virginia archivist about the Aircraft Warning Service and one surviving county log book, Greene County's Post 128-G log of February to June 1943. It does not mention Clarke County. Read as a full-page screenshot of the public page; the log book itself was not seen.", "independence_family": "lva-uncommonwealth-2013-keep-your-eyes-aloft" }, { "id": "S576", "title": "Photographs of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane taken by Michael Oak, 2019–2023", "creator": "Michael Oak, with Apple iPhone cameras and, for the view from above, a DJI drone camera", "url": null, "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Modern photographs of the cabin, outside and in, from Michael Oak’s own collection, supplied to Our Clarke by him. Each is dated from its own camera record, from May 2019 to November 2023. The files were inspected as digital files; what is served is a digital reproduction, scaled for the web (and converted from HEIC where the camera saved that format) with the source file’s metadata kept, and the originals are held privately. There is no public copy to link to. They show the cabin as it stood when they were taken and support no statement about its age, its construction or whether it has moved.", "independence_family": "owner-photographs-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S577", "title": "Listing photographs of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane from the March 2019 real-estate listing (MLS VACL110176), as saved by the owner", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named; distributed by Bright MLS and Redfin", "url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2019-03-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Photographs from the real-estate listing of the cabin that went live on March 29, 2019 (MLS VACL110176, sold May 1, 2019), served by Redfin and Realtor.com and saved by the owner. The date is the listing date, not when the photographs were taken. Most saved files had the Bright MLS mark cropped from their bottom edge before they were supplied; four earlier screen images the owner saved still carry it. The files were inspected as digital files; what is served is a digital reproduction, scaled for the web with the saved file’s metadata kept, and the saved images are held privately. They show the cabin as it then stood and support no statement about its age or the origin of its logs.", "independence_family": "bright-mls-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S578", "title": "Listing photographs of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane from the July 2015 real-estate listing (MLS 1002663950), as saved by the owner", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named; distributed by Bright MLS (then MRIS, CL8688301) and Redfin", "url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "form": "visual_evidence", "date": "2015-07-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Photographs from the real-estate listing of the cabin that went live on July 8, 2015 (MLS 1002663950, sold April 8, 2016), served by Redfin and saved by the owner. This is the listing M124 comes from. The date is the listing date, not when the photographs were taken. The Bright MLS mark was cropped from the bottom edge of each saved file before it was supplied. The files were inspected as digital files; what is served is a digital reproduction, scaled for the web with the saved file’s metadata kept, and the saved images are held privately. They show the cabin as it then stood, under its older faded roof, and support no statement about its age or the origin of its logs.", "independence_family": "bright-mls-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S579", "title": "Close-up photographs of the log cabin’s construction at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, supplied by Michael Oak on September 26, 2026", "creator": "Not recorded; supplied by Michael Oak", "url": null, "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Nine close-up photographs of the cabin’s log walls, corners, floor and interior framing, supplied to Our Clarke by Michael Oak on September 26, 2026. The files carry no camera record, so when they were taken is not known; September 26, 2026 is the date they were supplied. What they show directly is described in each caption: flattened log faces, rows of short cuts across them, log ends at the corners with shaped upper edges, growth rings and cracks in the end grain, chinking and infill between the logs, wide floorboards, and sawn boards and timbers beside the logs inside. Contrasting surfaces do not by themselves show which pieces are original, reused or replaced. Reading the cuts as hewing marks and the shaped ends as a notch type is interpretation, following the National Park Service’s Preservation Brief 26, which cautions against conclusions drawn from notching alone. The photographs do not establish the wood species, the number of rings, the age of the trees, when they were felled, when the cabin was built, who built it or where the logs came from; that would need expert examination or tree-ring sampling. What is served is a digital reproduction, scaled for the web with the source file’s metadata kept; the originals are held privately.", "independence_family": "owner-photographs-410-rock-hall-farm-ln" }, { "id": "S600", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 14, 1930, page 6: \"Dedication Of Colored School September 5th\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-08-14/ed-1/?sp=6", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-08-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A notice contributed by E. T. Johnson as president of the League and signed by the Clarke County Colored Improvement League. Its account of the Rosenwald offer nearly eight years earlier, and of the League having more than met the requirement, is the League's own; the eight-year count is its own. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S601", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 4, 1930, page 5: \"Dedication Of Colored School Friday Evening\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-04/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A notice signed by E. T. Johnson, printed the day before the dedication. It announces a program; it does not report one. Its closing line on a 7:30 start is not tied to a session. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S602", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 11, 1930, page 5: \"Dedicate Negro Training School\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An unsigned report marked (Contributed), written in the first person plural of the school's patrons. Its figures, crowd comparisons and praise are the writer's own. The report's continuation begins below an unrelated obituary at the top of its second column; the machine text of the speaker passage is garbled, but the page image is clear except for the faint name of the invoking pastor's church. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S603", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 11, 1930, page 8: item on Mrs. A. Moore, Jr.", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-sentence local item among unrelated notices. The woman is not identified further. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S604", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 18, 1930, page 1: report of opening enrollments in the county schools", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-09-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A passage from a longer article on the county's school enrollments. Its figure for Black pupils is county-wide, not for the Training School alone. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S605", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 15, 1931, page 1: report of December attendance in the colored schools", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-01-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-01-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A passage of the paper's report of monthly attendance. Percentages are as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S606", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 13, 1930, page 4: \"Operetta To Benefit New Colored School\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-11-13/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-11-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a performance the next evening; no report of it was sought. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S607", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 4, 1931, page 5: \"Training School Finals Held Monday Night\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-06-04/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-06-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of the commencement. It lists graduates and teachers by name; the graduates are counted, not listed, in the story. Its teacher list prints \"A. B. Layton\" and \"F. E. Johnson (part time teacher in High Division and elementary\", with no closing parenthesis. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S608", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 30, 1931, page 4: paragraph urging support for the Training School pageant", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-04-30/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-04-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An unsigned paragraph among unrelated items on the page, in the paper's own voice. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S609", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 23, 1931, page 4: \"Training School To Hold Seventh Annual Page'nt\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-04-23/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-04-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement signed by the League's committee. It does not report how the pageant went; the paper's May 14 follow-up, known only from its machine-read text, is also an announcement. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S610", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 8, 1931, page 5: \"Fall Festival October 23rd\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-10-08/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1931-10-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement and appeal signed by the League's president and secretary. Its heading names a Building Debt Fund while its text calls the $500.00 a year an upkeep pledge; both are recorded as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S611", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 26, 1934, page 1: \"Training School To Give Pageant May 25\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1934-04-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of the principal's statement. The page image reads $500 where the held machine text reads $540. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S612", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 12, 1935, page 1: \"Clarke Improvement League To Hold Session\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-09-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-09-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short meeting notice. It names debts on the building and on the bus without amounts. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S613", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 3, 1941, page 4: \"Dr. W. T. B. Williams Succumbs March 26\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-04-03/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1941-04-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report built on an Associated Press dispatch, followed by a local tribute initialled W. A. B. The tribute's recollections are the writer's. The second column also carries unrelated hunt-race text, which the used crops leave out. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S614", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 13, 1941, page 11: \"Training School To Dedicate New Shop\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-11-13/ed-1/?sp=11", "form": "reporting", "date": "1941-11-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of the shop dedication, carrying the principal's statement. It reports the school's renaming as already done without dating it, and does not say which county board Clay B. Carr chaired. The $45,000 value is the notice's own figure. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S615", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 25, 1944, page 4: \"Colored Schools To Stage Pageants\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-05-25/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-05-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement quoting a statement by the principal. \"Last\" is his word for the pageants; the notice does not say that any obligation ended. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S616", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 13, 1945, page 8: letter to the editor on the Rev. E. T. Johnson, signed W. A. Bradford", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-12-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A signed letter of opinion and tribute. Its judgments are the writer's own. The writer is named as printed and is not identified here with the \"W. A. B.\" of the paper's 1941 tribute to Dr. Williams or with any person record. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress page record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S617", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 2, 1945, page 15: \"Observation Post At White Post Sold\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-02/ed-1/?sp=15", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-08-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of the White Post sale. Its statement about the Boyce building is a passing, secondhand mention: no report of the Boyce auction itself was found, and the item does not name the Boyce buyer or date the auction. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S618", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 8, 1943, page 16: \"Dear Dan\" column, a letter written at the air spotter post", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-04-08/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-04-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A weekly local column written as a letter to Dan Morrison, serving overseas; the column is unsigned in the retained region and its account of the night at the post is the columnist's own. The post is called only \"the air spotter post\"; the column is written from Berryville. Only the column's opening paragraphs are used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S619", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 21, 1943, page 8: editorial \"Spotting Airplanes\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-01-21/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-01-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An unsigned editorial, the paper's opinion and appeal; its figures (the population of over 1,200, the sixty or seventy volunteers needed) are the editorial's own and no roster or schedule was seen. It begins at the foot of the page's first column and continues at the head of the second; the retained image is nearly the whole editorial page, which also carries an unrelated editorial on farm labor, letters and an obituary. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S620", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 4, 1943, page 1: \"Boyce Plans Bingo And Fun Festival\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-02-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-02-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a planned benefit; no report of the festival itself or of what it raised was checked. The item does not give the amount of the debt. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S621", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 25, 1943, page 1: \"Aircraft Warning Service Begins New Classes\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-03-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-03-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a meeting and of classes just begun; the district director's explanation is reported, not quoted. Names are as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S622", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 22, 1943, page 15: \"Class Of 10 Spotters Complete Course Here\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-04-22/ed-1/?sp=15", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-04-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report. It prints the names of the ten who completed the course; only the count is used. Names are as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S623", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 13, 1943, page 8: \"Rummage Sale To Benefit Spotter Post\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-05-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-05-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An announcement of a planned sale; its result is reported in the issue of June 3, 1943. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S624", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 3, 1943, page 3: \"Berryville\" local column, the spotter post's rummage sale", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-03/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-06-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A paragraph in the paper's \"Berryville\" local news column, continued from page 2; only the paragraph on the rummage sale is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S625", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 10, 1943, page 8: editorial \"Doing All You Can, Brother?\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-10/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-06-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An unsigned editorial, the paper's opinion and appeal; its figures are its own. The retained image includes the lower part of the masthead box, which prints the date. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S626", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 14, 1943, page 16: \"Dear Dan\" column, local notes including observers' wings", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-10-14/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-10-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A weekly local column written as a letter to Dan Morrison, serving overseas; its notes are the columnist's own. The retained region is the column's closing part, beginning in mid-sentence; only its local notes are used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S627", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 13, 1944, page 1: \"County Farm Group Begins Study Of Labor Problems\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-04-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-04-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a planning meeting, not of what was done; the item is continued on page 16, which was not read and is not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S628", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 18, 1945, page 4: the county agent's report for 1944, \"Farm Labor\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-01-18/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-01-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The county agent's narrative report for 1944 as the paper printed it, in the report's own words; attribution to the county agent rests on the page-11 continuation heading \"County Agent Report, Continued from Page Four\" and the page-4 line \"Continued on Page Eleven\"; no heading or byline for the report falls within the retained page-4 region. No farm-labor payroll, contract, camp or school record was seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S629", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 18, 1945, page 11: \"County Agent Report, Continued from Page Four\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-01-18/ed-1/?sp=11", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-01-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The continuation of the county agent's report for 1944 from page 4, in the report's own words; the item between its two parts on the page (block 4) is unrelated. No school board minutes or permit records were seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S630", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 4, 1943, page 12: \"Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-02-04/ed-1/?sp=12", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-02-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a mother's belief and of her family news. It prints the parents as \"Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope of Berryville\"; other items say \"near Berryville\" and give Fred, Fred C., Fred H. or Fred W.; these are not joined beyond the paper's own family statements. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S631", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 27, 1943, page 16: \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner Of Japs\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-05-27/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-05-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department notice, which was not seen. Headline as printed. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S632", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 26, 1943, page 13: \"Stars, Bars and Stripes\" column, item on Tech. Sergt. Ralph W. Pope", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-08-26/ed-1/?sp=13", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-08-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "One item in a column of short service notes; the paper's report of a prisoner's form card, which was not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S633", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 4, 1943, page 12: \"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-11-04/ed-1/?sp=12", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-11-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of an enlistment. It names a brother in England as \"Joe\"; that name is not joined to any other printed name. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S634", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 3, 1944, page 1: \"Believes Son, Prisoner Of Japs, All Right\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-02-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-02-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a mother's statement. Headline as printed; the father is printed as \"Fred H. Pope\" here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S635", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 16, 1944, page 1: \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-11-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-11-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on this page are used: the paper's report of a War Department telegram quoting an intercepted enemy propaganda broadcast about Sergt. Ralph Pope (the telegram was not seen, and the broadcast's message cannot be verified from it), and \"Pvt. Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds,\" the paper's account of a report received by his mother, which was not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S636", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 28, 1944, page 1: \"Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-12-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-12-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department telegram, which was not seen. Its death date (December 19) differs from a later Courier item (December 16); the two are not reconciled. Its \"first Clarke County fatality\" is qualified in the text as \"so far as can be learned.\" Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S637", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 31, 1945, page 1: \"Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-05-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a discharge; the discharge papers were not seen. Its claim of primacy is qualified in the text as \"One of the first, if not the first.\" Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S638", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 3, 1945, page 5: \"Berryville Goes Wild For An Hour Or So Before Report Is Denied\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-03/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-05-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of the town's response to a false surrender report and of a celebration the V-E Day committee considered but did not hold; it does not name who blew the siren or drove the fire truck. \"Saturday night\" is not dated in the item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S639", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 10, 1945, page 16: \"Dear Dan\" letter column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-10/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-05-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A weekly letter column addressed to a serviceman, written in the first person by an unnamed writer; it is a columnist's informal account of the town, not a report of an event. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S640", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 16, 1945, page 1: \"County Celebrates As War With Japan Ends\" and \"Sgt. Pope, Jap Captive, Expected To Be Freed\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-08-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on one front page. The county celebration report continues on page 9, which was not read; the national wire report beside it under the same banner is not used. The Pope item states an expectation (\"it is believed\"), not a liberation. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S641", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 23, 1945, page 1: \"During Ten Visits Here, Mobile Unit Collected 1,425 Pints Of Blood\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-08-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The totals of 1,425 pints and ten visits are in the headline; the article continues on page 9, which was not read. The telegram is printed as received; the telegram itself was not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S642", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 23, 1945, page 16: editor's note and \"Dear Ralph Pope\" letter column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-23/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-08-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An editor's note and the first letter of the column addressed to Ralph Pope, written in the first person by an unnamed writer. The letter continues beyond the part read; only the part in the crop is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S643", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 4, 1945, page 1: \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Liberated From Japanese Camp\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-10-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-10-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a cable the family received; the cable itself was not seen. The article continues on page 16, which is not used here. The cable names relatives and friends who are not used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S644", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 22, 1945, page 2: local item on Sergt. Ralph Pope", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-11-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-paragraph local item among other personal notes; \"Saturday night\" is not dated in the item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S645", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 20, 1945, page 3: \"Sgt. Pope Relates Beatings By Japs As War Prisoner\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-20/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-12-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's account of what Ralph Pope told it, with his quoted words; the paper says part of what he told could not be printed because of government regulations. It names him \"Master Sergt. Ralph E. Pope\", where other items give Ralph W. Pope. Place names are as printed (\"Corriegdor\" in the text, \"Corregidor\" in the subhead, \"Caban autaun\", \"Honchu\", \"Hanawa\"). Continued on page 18. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S646", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 20, 1945, page 18: \"Sgt. Pope\" (continued from page 3) and \"Twenty County Men Receive Discharges\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-20/ed-1/?sp=18", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-12-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on one page: the continuation of the page 3 account of Ralph Pope, as the paper printed what he told it, and the draft board's announcement of twenty discharges, which prints the men's names (not listed here). The continuation runs from the foot of one column to the head of the next; the column between is unrelated. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself, found on the page through its ALTO text; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record, and the printed masthead was not read.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S647", "title": "Illustration for the Clarke County Fair, supplied by Michael Oak", "creator": "Michael Oak", "url": null, "form": "visual_evidence", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-09-27", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A contemporary composite illustration -- a stylized Clarke County outline, a pavilion reading \"HOME OF THE CLARKE COUNTY FAIR,\" farm animals, a Ferris wheel, mountains and several organizational emblems (Ruritan National, Scouts, FFA, 4-H). It is not a historical photograph, a surveyed map, or evidence that this pavilion or arrangement existed in any given year, and it establishes nothing about the fairgrounds' actual layout or history. The organizational emblems are shown as they appear in the supplied artwork; their presence is not an endorsement by, or a license from, those organizations. The supplied JPEG file is the digital reproduction inspected here; no separate physical original, if one exists apart from the digital file Michael Oak made and supplied, was examined.", "independence_family": "michael-oak-fair-illustration-2026" }, { "id": "S648", "title": "Little v. Commonwealth, 25 Va. 921 (1874): the Court of Appeals opinion reversing Lycurgus Little's first conviction", "creator": "Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia", "url": "https://openjurist.org/25/va/921/little-v-commonwealth", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1874-09-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-28", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as a full-text electronic edition (OpenJurist), not a scan of the printed reporter. The citation under which the opinion is indexed, 25 Va. 921, does not match the opinion's own internal page markers (*619-*624); a second electronic copy (CourtListener) reproduces the identical text, including the same OCR artifacts, so it confirms the citation string but not the page number against a print scan. No image of the printed Virginia Reports volume was located or inspected. A court's own opinion, not a newspaper account of it.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-little-case-1873-1876" }, { "id": "S649", "title": "Doug O’Connell, “Customer Races for Pencil After Seeing Getaway Car,” Winchester Evening Star, April 2, 1965, page 1", "creator": "Doug O’Connell, Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-04-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A page 1 sidebar carrying Philip Cunningham’s account of seeing two men leave the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County, following them to a station wagon, and writing down its license number at Lanham’s Grocery. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-02-1965-p-1-4.pdf, SHA-256 4d0c6461048489e9a174f71b574a82a7d2b720deecaa9afab04768c5413a9c54, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S650", "title": "“4 Face Charges In Bank Robbery,” Winchester Evening Star, April 2, 1965, pages 1–2", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-04-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "The main report on the April 1, 1965 robbery of the Boyce branch of the Bank of Clarke County: manager Edith W. Rodgers and teller Frances Hudson, the arrests, the bank closing to count the missing money, and the reported loss of $11,929. Continues on page 2 as “4 FACE.” This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-02-1965-p-1-4.pdf and Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-02-1965-p-2-3.pdf, SHA-256 4d0c6461048489e9a174f71b574a82a7d2b720deecaa9afab04768c5413a9c54 (p.1); abd384faff749349351188f141a4954005e59b7fffc9e56d86975a04e7fe5355 (p.2), verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S651", "title": "Jack Davis, “License Numbers Checked, So Pooch Gets the Spuds,” Winchester Evening Star, April 2, 1965, pages 1, 17", "creator": "Jack Davis, Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-04-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A profile of Trooper R. L. Bruce, reporting his overnight shift, his drive toward a funeral in Front Royal, hearing the robbery alert, spotting the matching Rambler and stopping it. Continues on page 17 as “License Number Checked.” This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-02-1965-p-1-4.pdf and Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-02-1965-p-17-2.pdf, SHA-256 4d0c6461048489e9a174f71b574a82a7d2b720deecaa9afab04768c5413a9c54 (p.1); 034ecb9773befc539516ea27ccc77d99bf78cf428b2b1f3343e9698f83e4ee2c (p.17), verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S652", "title": "“4 Charged in Bank Theft Held for Grand Jury Action,” Winchester Evening Star, April 19, 1965, page 1", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-04-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Report of the April 19, 1965 preliminary hearing at which all four charged people were held for grand-jury action. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Apr-19-1965-p-1.pdf, SHA-256 b430ff0f0df6170c1616c7b0483e02de292eb28e0d41afc097264926535c3699, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S653", "title": "“3 Plead Guilty in Bank Case,” Winchester Evening Star, May 11, 1965, page 1", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-05-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Report that Kenneth Lloyd Presgraves, Buford Homer Shupe and James Clarence Powell pleaded guilty on May 10, 1965, and that Mary Matilda Shupe initially pleaded innocent. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-May-11-1965-p-1.pdf, SHA-256 9158e178e504b181aa358586e7db6f7c734f452a244af076b7e3a5b34c65bef8, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S654", "title": "“3 Get Penitentiary Terms In Clarke Bank Robbery,” Winchester Evening Star, July 13, 1965, page 1", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-07-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Report that Judge Elliott D. Marshall sentenced Presgraves to 20 years, Shupe to 15 years and Powell to 10 years in the state penitentiary on July 12, 1965. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Jul-13-1965-p-1.pdf, SHA-256 ed66e4b028fcb3e16258db9028c8e540e01cd3d50d93658186f5c2d9b26f3692, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S655", "title": "“Mrs. Shupe Changes Plea In Bank Case,” Winchester Evening Star, August 11, 1965, page 1", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-08-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Report that Mary Matilda Shupe changed her plea to guilty on August 10, 1965, and repetition of the three men’s July 12 sentences and the $11,929 recovery figure. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Aug-11-1965-p-1.pdf, SHA-256 63016e2b77d38e3c22293857a508b28fd40da4ae4482ebb9d55685c390db1271, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S656", "title": "“Mrs. Shupe Changes Plea To Innocent,” Winchester Evening Star, September 14, 1965, page 2", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": null, "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-09-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Report that Mary Matilda Shupe was permitted to withdraw her guilty plea and plead innocent again on September 13, 1965, with a November 9 trial date set and her $2,500 bond continued. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration. Held file Winchester-Evening-Star-Sep-14-1965-p-2.pdf, SHA-256 668e030e2a304078162b9ea81e2b389699fe835bfe4694e338273bcaa65c9eec, verified per the receipt above. Archive locator cited there for reference only (NewspaperArchive login required; not linked here as a public url).", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1965-boyce-robbery" }, { "id": "S657", "title": "“Trooper nabs bank robbers,” Page Valley News, reproducing an April 8, 1965 account", "creator": "Page Valley News (reproducing an unidentified April 8, 1965 newspaper account)", "url": "https://pagevalleynews.com/trooper-nabs-bank-robbers-2/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1965-04-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-29", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "A modern webpage reproducing an April 8, 1965 newspaper account of the same Boyce robbery and trooper stop, under the phrase “Thursday afternoon of last week,” which itself points to April 1, 1965 as the robbery date. The original April 8, 1965 page is not held by this project and its page number is not established; only this modern reprint is accessible. It states the loss as “about $12,000” with “all but $100” recovered, a figure that conflicts with the Star's repeated $11,929-fully-recovered reporting; the disagreement is preserved rather than resolved. The reprinting publication's own name, masthead or byline for the original 1965 article is not recorded here. This corpus record was authored by Main (the integrating session) from the architect-accepted narrative and claim-to-issue/page map in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/SUBMITTED-DRAFT.md, accepted in research/publication-prep/boyce-1965-2026-09-29/ACCEPTANCE.md, and the held-page receipt at docs/research/CRIME_IN_CLARKE_NEWSPAPERARCHIVE_2026-09-29.md. The eight Winchester Evening Star pages and the Page Valley News reprint were read by a separate researcher; the editors who integrated this account did not read them directly. The draft is the byte-preserved private submission, SHA-256 0b57c21c344c6928a26249f037400f1dc9d2457169580a6fc62576df169c7777 per ACCEPTANCE.md. Main has not independently re-read the page images or their text for this integration.", "independence_family": "page-valley-news-1965-04-08-trooper-nabs" }, { "id": "S658", "title": "War Reminiscences by the Surgeon of Mosby's Command", "creator": "[A. Monteiro, M.D.]", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/surgeon-mosby-command-1890/surgeon-mosby-command-1890.pdf#page=209", "form": "later_history", "date": "1890", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-30", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A memoir published twenty-five years after the events it describes, in the genre of Confederate veterans’ reminiscence. Published anonymously; the copyright is entered by \"A. Monteiro, M.D.,\" and this held copy’s title page carries a later pencil cataloger’s note naming the author Aristides Monteiro — a plausible but unconfirmed identification, not resolved by this story. A digital reproduction of the 1890 Richmond printing, now hosted publicly at the linked page: opening it shows Monteiro’s 1890 published reproduction of this account, not an independently located original.", "independence_family": "surgeon-mosby-command-1890" }, { "id": "S659", "title": "Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla", "creator": "Munson, John W.", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/mosby-guerilla-1906/mosby-guerilla-1906.pdf#page=316", "form": "later_history", "date": "1906", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-30", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A memoir published forty-one years after the events it describes, in the genre of Confederate veterans’ reminiscence. A digital reproduction of the 1906 Moffat, Yard and Company printing, now hosted publicly at the linked page: opening it shows Munson’s 1906 published reproduction of this account, not an independently located original.", "independence_family": "mosby-guerilla-1906" }, { "id": "S660", "title": "Mosby's Rangers: A Record of the Operations of the Forty-Third Battalion of Virginia Cavalry from its Organization to the Surrender", "creator": "Williamson, James J.", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/mosbys-rangers-1909/mosbys-rangers-1909.pdf#page=393", "form": "later_history", "date": "1909", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-09-30", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A regimental history, revised and enlarged in this 1909 second edition. This story uses the Hancock-to-Halleck telegram Williamson reproduces in a footnote on PDF p. 393 (printed p. 378); that page’s existing text-layer transcription was reused, not re-inspected against the page image, per the architect’s ruling that the existing receipt is sufficient. It also uses three further pieces of documentary correspondence Williamson reproduces — Chapman’s same-day report of the first meeting (PDF p. 399-400, footnote 7), Torbert’s instructions naming Millwood and April 18 (PDF p. 398), and a telegram reporting Mosby’s stated disbanding (PDF p. 404) — each read against the actual page image. None of these documents’ own originals has been found or inspected by this project. Now hosted publicly at the linked page: opening it shows Williamson’s 1909 published reproduction of these documents, not independently located originals. Where this story cites Williamson for a telegram or other official correspondence, that material is Williamson’s own reproduction of official records. Where Williamson narrates the dramatic second-meeting scene itself, his text is an explicitly credited, word-for-word reprint of Monteiro’s account — introduced as \"Dr. Monteiro describes this final interview as follows\" (PDF p. 404) — not an independent narration of that scene.", "independence_family": "mosbys-rangers-1909" }, { "id": "S661", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 16 February 1978", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1978-02-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S662", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 28 October 2004", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2004-10-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S663", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 23 November 1967", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1967-11-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. The accepted draft treats this item’s wording as approximate and paraphrases it rather than quoting it directly (architect correction, commit 35c1c4b4). No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S664", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 4 January 1968", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1968-01-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S665", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 25 April 1968", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1968-04-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S666", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 30 January 1969", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1969-01-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S667", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 15 April 1971", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1971-04-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S668", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., 8 July 1971", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1971-07-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier-1965-1973" }, { "id": "S669", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 28 April 1977", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1977-04-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S670", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 5 May 1977", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1977-05-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S671", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 12 May 1977", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1977-05-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S672", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 4 January 1979", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1979-01-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read as a digital reproduction (a rendered page image via the archive’s own viewer), not the original paper. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S673", "title": "Clarke Times-Courier, Berryville, Va., 23 February 2006", "creator": "Clarke Times-Courier", "url": "https://clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com/", "form": "reporting", "date": "2006-02-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-01", "access_status": "catalog_index_reviewed", "limitations": "Read only as the archive’s own search-result snippet, not the full page image; OCR on this run is noisy and exact wording is not independently verified. No persistent per-issue link was captured; this URL is the archive’s own site root (clarkecounty.advantage-preservation.com, the Clarke County Historical Association’s digitized run), not a direct link to this issue. The issue was located and read via the archive’s own Browse By Title / Browse By Date and search, not downloaded.", "independence_family": "clarke-times-courier" }, { "id": "S674", "title": "Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, Vol. II", "creator": "Meade, William (Bishop Meade)", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/meade-old-churches-v2-1891/meade-old-churches-v2-1891.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1878", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-05", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "Bishop Meade's account of the parishes, churches and families of Virginia, volume II, as held in the owner's copy: the title page reads 1878 and the copyright notice 1857, and the DVD file name says 1891, which the pages do not support. Page numbers differ between printings: Gold (1914) cites the 1834 passage as \"Page 288, Volume II\", and it is at printed p. 289 in this copy. Two passages (printed pp. 281 and 289, PDF pp. 295 and 305) were each read as a rendered page image of that digital reproduction and, independently, on a cropped image. The rest of the volume was not read. Every page carries a \"Digitized by Microsoft\" watermark band. Meade is Gold's own source for the 1834 Old Chapel passage, so where a claim cites both for that passage they are one witness, not two.", "independence_family": "meade-old-churches" }, { "id": "S675", "title": "Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fourth Series", "creator": "Taylor, George Braxton", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/baptist-ministers-4th-1913/baptist-ministers-4th-1913.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1913", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-05", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A collection of biographical sketches of Virginia Baptist ministers, written in 1913 about lives that run back decades: a compiler's retrospective, not a church record. Two passages (printed pp. 398 and 416, PDF pp. 402 and 420) were each read as a rendered page image of the hosted digital reproduction and, independently, on a cropped image. The name of the minister in each sketch is on an earlier page than the reviewed crop and was not read, so no claim here names him. The rest of the book was not read. Taylor also compiled the fifth series (a separate source record here); the two are one witness for any church they both describe.", "independence_family": "taylor-virginia-baptist-ministers" }, { "id": "S676", "title": "Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fifth Series, 1902-1914, with Supplement", "creator": "Taylor, George Braxton", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/baptist-ministers-5th-1915/baptist-ministers-5th-1915.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1915", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-05", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A collection of biographical sketches of Virginia Baptist ministers, written in 1915, some of them looking back to the 1850s: a compiler's retrospective, not a church record. Three passages (printed pp. 162, 252 and 475, PDF pp. 164, 254 and 477) were each read as a rendered page image of the hosted digital reproduction and, independently, on a cropped image. The name of the minister in two of the sketches is on an earlier page than the reviewed crop and was not read, so no claim here names him. The printed name \"H. W. Dcdge\" on p. 162 is kept as printed. The rest of the book was not read. Taylor also compiled the fourth series (a separate source record here); the two are one witness for any church they both describe.", "independence_family": "taylor-virginia-baptist-ministers" }, { "id": "S677", "title": "Historic Virginia Homes and Churches", "creator": "Lancaster, Robert A., Jr.", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/historic-homes-churches-1915/historic-homes-churches-1915.pdf#page=473", "form": "later_history", "date": "1915", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-05", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A 1915 popular book on old Virginia houses and churches, retrospective and without footnoted sources. One passage (printed p. 453, PDF p. 473, the top of the page) was read as a rendered page image of the hosted digital reproduction and, independently, on a cropped image; the sentence it reaches breaks off at the crop edge. The page also carries a photograph of a chapel, which no claim here uses. The rest of the book was not read.", "independence_family": "lancaster-1915" }, { "id": "S678", "title": "Winchester Evening Star, Winchester, Va., December 6, 1915, pages 1 and 2: obituary of Thomas D. Gold", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "url": "https://www.newspapers.com/image/1313628357/", "form": "reporting", "date": "1915-12-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-05", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The page 1 report headed \"THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE\" (Newspapers.com page image id 1313628357) and its continuation headed \"Thos. D. Gold Dead\" on the next page of the issue (page image id 1313628373), a Special to The Star from Berryville. Read from a digital reproduction of the pages (the saved native Newspapers.com page images, not the paper itself), cropped to the passages. The continuation prints no folio of its own: it is placed as page 2 by the printed jump lines (\"CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO\", \"CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE\") and the Newspapers.com record. The obituary is the paper's own account written the day of the report; it is a secondary account of the war service it describes and was not checked against the service records here. Nothing else on the pages was read for this record.", "independence_family": "winchester-evening-star-1915-gold-obituary" }, { "id": "S679", "title": "Compiled service record of Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry (Confederate), NARA M324, roll 375, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/9743219/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-06", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 31-image file in the National Archives compilation \"Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Virginia\" (M324, roll 375), headed \"Gold, Thomas D\", Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original rolls; where a card names a copyist the copyist is not the author of the record it abstracts. Seven cards were saved and read for the pilot (jacket, two muster-roll cards, a casualty-report card, a hospital card, an Elmira parole card, a Winchester oath of parole); all seven carry a claim here. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images, not the original records). The remaining images of the file were not used. No card was found that names Ellwood or any residence other than \"from Clarke County\" (muster roll) and \"Nr Berryville\" (margin of the oath).", "independence_family": "nara-m324-gold-thomas-d-co-i-2nd-va-inf" }, { "id": "S680", "title": "Memorial, Virginia Military Institute: Biographical Sketches of the Graduates and Elèves of the Virginia Military Institute Who Fell During the War Between the States", "creator": "Walker, Charles D.", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1875", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A book of memorial sketches of Virginia Military Institute graduates and cadets who died in the war, published in Philadelphia in 1875, ten years after the events it describes. Each sketch was written for the book, some signed by a comrade (the Thomson sketch is signed \"Colonel R. Preston Chew\"), from the writer's own knowledge and the families' and comrades' accounts: a retrospective account, not a service or death record. Eight pages (printed pp. 33, 34, 35, 430, 431, 432, 518 and 519, PDF pp. 34, 35, 36, 431, 432, 433, 519 and 520 of the hosted copy) were each read as a 200 dpi rendered page image of the hosted digital reproduction and, independently, on a cropped image. The rest of the book was not read. The hosted copy omits one trailing page of the private original (a modern reseller page); PDF page = printed page + 1 for the pages used. The sketch headings read \"OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA\" and the sketches give birth places; those are the book's statements, not birth records.", "independence_family": "vmi-memorial-1875" }, { "id": "S681", "title": "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 29 (1921), p. 74: Virginia War History Commission, Supplement No. 1, list of material collected, Clarke County entry", "creator": "Virginia Historical Society; William G. Stanard, editor", "url": null, "form": "reference_work", "date": "1921", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A list printed in the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography in 1921 of the source material the Virginia War History Commission had collected for the Virginia War Archives, county by county, by topical section. Only the Clarke County entry on printed p. 74 (PDF p. 82 of the project's private copy of the volume) was read, as a 300 dpi rendered page image of a digital reproduction (an Internet Archive scan held privately) and, independently, on a cropped image of the lines under \"Sec. III-Virginia Churches in War Time,\". The list prints the titles, the kind of item (questionnaire, report), a page count for some and the author's name; it prints nothing of what any questionnaire or report says and does not say where the items are kept, so it is a finding aid and not a record of any church. The rest of the volume was not read. The file is not hosted on this site, and no image is published.", "independence_family": "virginia-magazine-war-history-commission-1921" }, { "id": "S682", "title": "Compiled service record of J. Lewis Ashby, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry (Confederate), NARA M324, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/file/7948999/ashby-j-lewis-page-1-us-civil-war-service-records-cmsr-confederate-virginia-1861-1865", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-08", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 24-image file (23 cards plus Fold3's own source-information page) in \"Carded Records Showing Military Service of Soldiers Who Fought in Confederate Organizations\" (NARA publication M324, NARA catalog id 586957, Record Group 109, State: Virginia) -- the same series already cited in this project for William Moore and Robert O. Allen, also Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts of muster rolls, receipt rolls and vouchers, not the original rolls. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images, not the original records). Eight cards were saved and read for this entry: the jacket cover, the May-June 1862 muster/re-enlistment card, the September-October 1862 muster card, the December 1862 regimental return, the May 1864 clothing receipt roll, and three Confederate-States pay/ration vouchers (November 1861, 1863 Signal Corps extra-service pay, and a second 1863 ration voucher for Signal Corps duty), each carrying the soldier's own signature. The remaining fifteen images were read on October 10, 2026: further muster-roll, regimental-return and clothing-receipt cards from 1862 to 1864, a December 1863 Signal Corps ration voucher, and a January 1864 requisition for forage with its docket. None is a casualty, parole or discharge card; the latest dated card is the clothing receipt of May 19, 1864. The file's own name throughout is \"J. Lewis Ashby\" or \"J. L. Ashby\"; none of the eight cards read here prints \"James\" in typeset or clerk's hand -- the given name \"James\" (as \"Jas\") appears only in the soldier's own signature, twice, and the name \"Lewis\" appears alone in his own signature once more. See the claims drawing on this source for exactly which card gives which form.", "independence_family": "nara-m324-ashby-j-lewis-co-d-6th-va-cav" }, { "id": "S683", "title": "Compiled service record of John W. Ashby, Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry (Confederate), NARA M324, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/file/8916666", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-10", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 14-image file in \"Carded Records Showing Military Service of Soldiers Who Fought in Confederate Organizations\" (NARA publication M324, NARA catalog id 586957, Record Group 109, State: Virginia), filed as \"Ashby, John Wm\" under the Twelfth Cavalry (Tenth Virginia Cavalry), a regiment organized in June 1862 from ten companies that had served in the 7th Virginia Cavalry. The cards are the War Department's later abstracts of rolls, returns and lists, not the original rolls; the horse claim (two images) is an original voucher. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images, not the original records). All fourteen images were read: the jacket, a list of prisoners of war, regimental returns for September, October and November 1862 (the first two name him \"Wm. Ashby\"), five company muster cards from September-October 1863 to April 30, 1864, an envelope, and the horse claim with its back. The file names no county, no parents and no date of birth, and it ends in April 1864. A card in the companion index, \"Ashby, William, Co. I, 12 Va. Cav., 1st Sergeant\" (Fold3 file id 307133441), refers to this file.", "independence_family": "nara-m324-ashby-john-w-co-i-12th-va-cav" }, { "id": "S684", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 3, 1903, page 1: \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1903-06-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1903-06-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S685", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 29, 1912, page 1: \"Decoration at Green Hill\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1912-05-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1912-05-29", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Decoration at Green Hill\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S686", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 14, 1918, page 2: \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-11-14/ed-1/?sp=2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-11-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S687", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 12, 1919, page 1: \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-06-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-06-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke’s Returning World-War Heroes\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S688", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 3, 1919, page 1: \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\" and \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-07-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the items \"CLARKE COUNTY’S ROLL OF HONOR\" and \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY’S WELCOME HOME DAY\" on this page are used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S689", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 10, 1919, page 1: \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-07-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on this page are used: \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\" and \"Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence Which Became American Battle-Cry in France,\" a United Press account the paper reprinted. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S690", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 6, 1919, page 3: \"ARMISTICE DAY MEETING\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-11-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-11-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on this page are used: \"ARMISTICE DAY MEETING\" and \"Another Version of Maj. Williams' Famous Saying,\" which quotes an article by Alexander Woollcott. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S691", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 3, 1920, page 1: \"Decoration Day in Historic Cemetery Will be Observed at 4 O’clock in The Afternoon—Flowers Will be Strewn Upon Graves . of Heroic and Beloved Dead.\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-06-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-06-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Decoration Day in Historic Cemetery Will be Observed at 4 O’clock in The Afternoon—Flowers Will be Strewn Upon Graves . of Heroic and Beloved Dead.\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S692", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 4, 1920, page 3: \"ARMISTICE DAY TO BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-11-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-11-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"ARMISTICE DAY TO BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S693", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 21, 1925, page 1: \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-05-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-05-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S694", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 12, 1925, page 1: \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-11-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1925-11-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S695", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 19, 1927, page 1: \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1927-05-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1927-05-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S696", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 17, 1927, page 1: \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1927-11-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1927-11-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S697", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 13, 1930, page 1: \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-11-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1930-11-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S698", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 2, 1932, page 1: \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-06-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S699", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 27, 1932, page 1: \"WOMAN’S AUXILIARY TO PRESENT FLAG\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-10-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1932-10-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"WOMAN’S AUXILIARY TO PRESENT FLAG\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S700", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 6, 1935, page 5: \"PAYS TRIBUTE TO 'REBEL' SOLDIERS\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-06-06/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1935-06-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"PAYS TRIBUTE TO 'REBEL' SOLDIERS\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S701", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 4, 1936, page 1: \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-06-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1936-06-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S702", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 17, 1938, page 5: \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-11-17/ed-1/?sp=5", "form": "reporting", "date": "1938-11-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S703", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 6, 1941, page 10: \"ARMISTICE DAY, 1941\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-11-06/ed-1/?sp=10", "form": "reporting", "date": "1941-11-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"ARMISTICE DAY, 1941\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S704", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 5, 1942, page 8: \"ARMISTICE DAY\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-11-05/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-11-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"ARMISTICE DAY\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S705", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 3, 1943, page 13: \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-03/ed-1/?sp=13", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-06-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S706", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 4, 1943, page 1: \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-11-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1943-11-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S707", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 15, 1945, page 8: \"THE BOND RALLY AND CELEBRATION\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-15/ed-1/?sp=8", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-11-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"THE BOND RALLY AND CELEBRATION\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S708", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 30, 1946, page 1: \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1946-05-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1946-05-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-07", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says | Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\" on this page is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S709", "title": "Everard Kidder Meade, \"Notes on the History of the Lower Shenandoah Valley,\" Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, vol. XIV (1956-1957), pp. 70 and 72", "creator": "Everard Kidder Meade; Clarke County Historical Association", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134500/https://www.clarkehistory.org/media/CCHA%20Proceedings%20Volume%2014%20(1956-1957).pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1958", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Newspaper columns written in 1948 for the Winchester Evening Star and reprinted by the Clarke County Historical Association in 1958; a local historian's account, not a contemporary record, and it cites no sources. Read from the Wayback Machine copy of the Association's PDF scan, a digital reproduction and not the printed book; the scan has no text layer and was read with OCR and checked on the page image.", "independence_family": "ccha-proceedings" }, { "id": "S710", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 19, 1905, page 1: notice of the death of John A. Blake (reprinted from the Clarksburg News)", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-07-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1905-07-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice the Courier reprinted from the Clarksburg News, with a closing paragraph of its own on the funeral at Berryville. His part in the capture of John Brown is the notice's statement, not a record of the raid. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S711", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 23, 1905, page 1: a letter on the deaths of Jas. H. O'Bannon and Decatur J. Shepherd, signed \"G.\" and dated August 21, 1905", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-08-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1905-08-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A comrade's letter to the editor, signed only \"G.\"; its account of both men's service is the writer's memory, written forty years after the war. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S712", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 12, 1920, page 4: \"Old Veteran Pays Tribute to Late John R. Shipe,\" signed \"B.\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-02-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-02-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A tribute by a member of the J. E. B. Stuart Camp, signed only \"B.\"; its account of Shipe's service is the writer's memory, fifty-five years after the war, and its closing paragraphs are the writer's own view of the war, which this site does not adopt. The headline is partly faded on the scan. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S713", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 12, 1920, page 1: \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-02-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-02-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice datelined Castleman's Ferry, February 11. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S714", "title": "Virginia War History Commission, \"Clarke County in War Time: A Community History,\" in Virginia Communities in War Time, Second Series (Publications of the Virginia War History Commission, Source Volume VII, ed. Arthur Kyle Davis, Richmond, 1927), pp. 27-28, \"Churches in War Time\"", "creator": "Virginia War History Commission; Arthur Kyle Davis, editor", "url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/clarke-war-time-1927/clarke-war-time-1927.pdf", "form": "later_history", "date": "1927", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The Commission's county history, written from the reports it gathered after the war; for the churches it cites the reports of Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor and Rev. B. D. Chambers in its files. Its lists of men are as the churches reported them and are not service records. Read from the HathiTrust scan (wu.89072976269, digitized by Google from a University of Wisconsin copy), a digital reproduction and not the printed book.", "independence_family": "virginia-war-history-commission" }, { "id": "S715", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 27, 1918, page 3: \"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag\" and \"At The Methodist Church. Soldiers' Day\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-06-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-06-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two church items on one page: a report of the Baptist church's service flag and the Methodist church's notice of its Soldiers' Day services. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S716", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 25, 1918, page 1: \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-07-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of the memorial service at Grace Episcopal Church; the account of how Williams died is the rector's, as the paper reported his address. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S717", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 22, 1918, page 1: \"Rev. Mr. Taylor Enters Training\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-08-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-08-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local news item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S718", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 13, 1919, page 1: a Boyce letter on Capt. J. M. Robeson, chaplain", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-02-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-02-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A letter datelined Boyce, February 12; what Robeson said of the war is as the correspondent reported it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S719", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 27, 1919, page 1: \"Mr. Taylor Returns Tonight\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-02-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-02-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local news item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S720", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 17, 1919, page 1: \"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams Will be Placed in Grace Episcopal Church\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-04-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-04-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of a memorial tablet before its unveiling, with the inscription as the paper printed it; the inscription on the tablet itself was not seen for this story. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S721", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 17, 1919, page 1: \"Mrs. Gilpin Gives New Altar to Christ Church\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-07-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A letter datelined Millwood, July 16, quoting the parish's monthly, The Parish Call; it prints the rector's initials as \"D. B.\" Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S722", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 11, 1920, page 4: \"Special Flag Service at the Methodist Church\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-03-11/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-03-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A notice of a coming service; whether the flags were furled as planned is not reported here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S723", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 10, 1920, page 1: \"Wreath Placed Over Tablet in Grace Church by Members of Lloyd William Post, American Legion\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-06-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-06-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local news item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S724", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 7, 1921, page 1: the arrival of Maj. Lloyd W. Williams's body and the plans for his funeral", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of plans made before the body reached Berryville; it says what was to be done, not what was done. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S725", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 4, 1884, page 3: \"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1884-09-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1884-09-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report of the association's founding meeting. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S726", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 18, 1885, page 4: \"Confederate Monument. To our Fellow Citizens of Clarke County,\" an appeal signed by the survivors' committee", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1885-06-18/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1885-06-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "An appeal for money, in the words of the committee that signed it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S727", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 25, 1885, page 3: \"Reinterment of Topper's Remains\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1885-06-25/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1885-06-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report; its words for the cause are the paper's, of 1885. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S728", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 27, 1885, page 3: a communicated letter on the Clarke Cavalry's reunion at Greenway Court", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1885-08-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1885-08-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A letter from an invited guest, an infantry veteran by his own account; its view is the writer's. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S729", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 4, 1886, page 3: \"Briefs\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1886-03-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1886-03-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-sentence local item. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S730", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 30, 1888, page 1: the editor's note introducing A. Moore, Jr.'s narrative of the Clarke Cavalry at Trevilian Station", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1888-08-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1888-08-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the editor's note is used here; the narrative itself is a veteran's account written twenty-four years after the battle. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S731", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 20, 1891, page 3: \"Clarke Cavalry Reunion,\" a communicated letter", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1891-08-20/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1891-08-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A letter from a guest at three reunions; its view is the writer's. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S732", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 9, 1896, page 3: the report of the Clarke Cavalry reunion of 1896", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1896-09-09/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1896-09-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S733", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 25, 1900, page 3: \"Good Speeches, Fine Music,\" on the unveiling of the Confederate monument", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1900-07-25/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1900-07-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report written in the language of the day; only its date of the unveiling is used here. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S734", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 2, 1903, page 1: the report of the twentieth annual reunion of the survivors of the Clarke Cavalry", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1903-09-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1903-09-02", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S735", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 30, 1905, page 1: the report of the Clarke Cavalry reunion of 1905", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-08-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1905-08-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S736", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 5, 1918, page 1: \"Clarke Cavalry Reunion,\" the report of the 34th reunion", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-09-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-09-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S737", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 19, 1920, page 1: \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-08-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1920-08-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice; its account of the 1864 episode is the family's story as the paper told it fifty-six years later, and the general's name is printed \"Stephenson.\" Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S738", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 27, 1907, page 1: a letter on A. J. Berlin of White Post, signed \"A Comrade\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1907-02-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1907-02-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A comrade's letter; its view is the writer's. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S739", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 13, 1918, page 1: the death notice of Dilmon Estep", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-06-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-06-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S740", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 16, 1905, page 1: the death notice of William A. Riley (Riely)", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1905-08-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice; it prints the name \"Riley.\" Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S741", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 15, 1903, page 4: the notice of the funeral of James W. Doran", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1903-07-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1903-07-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S742", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 10, 1900, page 4: a correspondent's letter signed \"G. M. C.,\" on John O. Crown's prison pamphlet", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1900-10-10/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1900-10-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A correspondent's note on a pamphlet that was not read for this story. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S743", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., December 26, 1918, page 1: \"Two Lloyd Brothers Wounded\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-12-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-12-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report from a letter and a telegram. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S744", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 9, 1919 (the masthead misprints the year as 1918; the Library of Congress files the issue as January 10, 1918), page 1: \"Tom Griffith Lloyd not Killed\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-01-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-01-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The issue's masthead reads \"Thursday, January 9, 1918,\" a printer's slip for 1919: January 9 fell on a Thursday in 1919, and the item reports news after the armistice. The Library of Congress files the issue as January 10, 1918. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S745", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., March 13, 1919, page 1: an item on the Lloyd brothers", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-03-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-03-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S746", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 14, 1919, page 1: an item on the wounds of the Lloyd brothers", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-08-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-08-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S747", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 27, 1919, page 4: \"Lloyd Soldier Boy Returns\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-11-27/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-11-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A local report; the story of the tobacco and the gas mask is the soldier's, as the paper told it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S748", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 6, 1883, page 3: \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham,\" reprinting the Vicksburg Herald of August 14", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1883-09-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1883-09-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice, written years after the war; the age and service it gives are the family's and the paper's memory, not a service record. The Courier reprints the Vicksburg Herald's account. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S749", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., February 14, 1894, page 3: \"Death of Chas. T. Jones\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1894-02-14/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1894-02-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice, written years after the war; the age and service it gives are the family's and the paper's memory, not a service record. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S750", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., January 24, 1912, page 1: \"Death of Burwell McGuire\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1912-01-24/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1912-01-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice, written years after the war; the age and service it gives are the family's and the paper's memory, not a service record. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S751", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 10, 1924, page 1: \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-04-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-04-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice, written years after the war; the age and service it gives are the family's and the paper's memory, not a service record. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S752", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 25, 1924, page 1: \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-09-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1924-09-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-12", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice, written years after the war; the age and service it gives are the family's and the paper's memory, not a service record. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S753", "title": "Compiled service record of Edmond Pendleton, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry (Confederate), NARA M324, roll 113, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/file/11168863/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 15-image file in the National Archives compilation \"Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Virginia\" (M324, roll 113), headed \"Pendleton, Edmond\", Eleventh Cavalry. The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls; the copyist named on a card is not the author of the record it abstracts. Two cards were used: the muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1862 (image 2) and an inspection-report card of October 1864 (image 6). The rest of the file was not used. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images), not the original records. No card read here names Fairfield or says where he lived; the muster-roll card gives his enlistment at \"Clarke C\".", "independence_family": "nara-m324-pendleton-edmond-co-c-11th-va-cav" }, { "id": "S754", "title": "Compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry (Confederate), NARA M324, roll 69, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/file/7224378/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 18-image file in the National Archives compilation \"Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Virginia\" (M324, roll 69), headed \"Moore, William\". The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records; the copyist named on a card is not the author of the record it abstracts. Three cards were used: a muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861 (image 3), a claim for a horse shot in action at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863 (image 18), and a parole card of April 1865 (image 13), which prints \"W. J. Moore, Pvt Co. K\" and so may not be his although the War Department filed it here. The rest of the file was not used. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images), not the original records.", "independence_family": "nara-m324-moore-william-co-d-6th-va-cav" }, { "id": "S755", "title": "Compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry (Confederate), NARA M324, roll 62, as viewed on Fold3", "creator": "U.S. War Department (compiled service records of Confederate soldiers), National Archives microfilm publication M324", "url": "https://www.fold3.com/file/7947449/", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": null, "date_role": "unknown", "accessed_on": "2026-10-13", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A 34-image file in the National Archives compilation \"Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Virginia\" (M324, roll 62), headed \"Allen, Robert Owen\". The cards are the War Department’s later abstracts of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records; the copyist named on a card is not the author of the record it abstracts. Three cards were used: a muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861 (image 2), a muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864 carrying him absent, wounded at Brandy Station June 9, 1863 (image 11), and a register card of the Invalid Corps, November 1864 (image 16). The rest of the file was not used. The cards were read as digital reproductions of the National Archives microfilm (Fold3 images), not the original records.", "independence_family": "nara-m324-allen-robert-owen-co-d-6th-va-cav" }, { "id": "S756", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 4, 1917, page 1: \"Local Boy Now in France\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-07-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1917-07-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of his going overseas, with his career as the paper gave it; the photograph is credited to the Marine Corps Publicity Bureau. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S757", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 27, 1918, page 1: \"Lloyd Williams Made a Major\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-06-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-06-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of his promotion, with his career as the paper gave it; the praise is the paper's. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S758", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 4, 1918, page 1: \"Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-07-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of the War Department's telegram, with press dispatches on Belleau Wood and a sketch of his life; the date of his wound is the telegram's as the paper reported it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S759", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 18, 1918, page 1: \"Memorial Services at Grace Church\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-07-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short notice of a memorial service; the date it gives for his wounds differs from the paper's report of two weeks before. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S760", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., November 28, 1918, page 1: \"Details of Capt. Williams' Death\" and the report of the death of Robert E. Russell", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-11-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1918-11-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Two items on this page are used: \"Details of Capt. Williams' Death,\" the account of an unnamed lieutenant of his company as the paper retold it, with a Red Cross letter, and the report of the death of Robert E. Russell. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S761", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 18, 1919, page 1: \"Army Chaplain Tells of Capt. Williams' Heroism\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-09-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-09-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A chaplain's letter to the widow, written fourteen months after the death, as the paper printed it; the chaplain writes \"If I remember rightly\" of how the death came. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S762", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 25, 1919, page 1: \"Clarke Boys Will Honor Memory of Capt. Williams\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-09-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1919-09-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report of the application for an American Legion charter at Berryville, with an account of his death as the paper gave it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S763", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 14, 1921, page 1: \"Maj. William's Body Reaches Here Today\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1921-07-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report written on the morning the body was due; it says what was to be done that day. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S764", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 10, 1942, page 16: local item on Pfc. Fred H. Shackleford", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-10/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1942-09-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Only the item on Pfc. Fred H. Shackleford in this column of local news is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S765", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 31, 1944, page 1: \"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-08-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-08-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department telegram, which was not seen; the paper says the wire did not state that he was killed in action. A later report in the paper says he was accidentally shot. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S766", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 31, 1944, page 20: \"Pvt. Shackleford\" (continued from page 1)", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-08-31/ed-1/?sp=20", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-08-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The continuation of the page 1 report. Only its account of his service is used. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S767", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 7, 1944, page 1: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-09-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1944-09-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a second wire to his mother, which was not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S768", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 30, 1945, page 10: \"One Year Ago\" column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-30/ed-1/?sp=10", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-08-30", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-line note in the paper's look-back column, a year after the event. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S769", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 6, 1945, page 11: \"One Year Ago\" column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-09-06/ed-1/?sp=11", "form": "reporting", "date": "1945-09-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-line note in the paper's look-back column, a year after the event. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S770", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 27, 1946, page 1: \"Report Of War Department Lists 9 Killed In Action And 11 Died In Non-Action\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1946-06-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1946-06-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The paper's report of a War Department list, which the paper says is preliminary and may contain errors; the list itself was not seen. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S771", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 27, 1946, page 16: \"26 County Men\" (continued from page 1)", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1946-06-27/ed-1/?sp=16", "form": "reporting", "date": "1946-06-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The continuation of the page 1 report, printing the list by category as the paper gave it. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S772", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., August 28, 1947, page 13: \"Three Years Ago\" column", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1947-08-28/ed-1/?sp=13", "form": "reporting", "date": "1947-08-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A one-line note in the paper's look-back column, three years after the event. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S773", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., October 21, 1948, page 1: \"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1948-10-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1948-10-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A report written before the funeral; it says what was to be done. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S774", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 28, 1899, page 3: \"Death of T. H. Shearer\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1899-06-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1899-06-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice; its line on his war service was written thirty-six years after Gettysburg. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S775", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., September 27, 1899, page 3: a local item on the death of Samuel Ritter", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1899-09-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1899-09-27", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short local item; it prints his captain as \"William M. Nelson\" and calls him a citizen of Frederick County. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S776", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., July 17, 1901, page 3: a local item on the death of John P. Yowell", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1901-07-17/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1901-07-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A short local item; it names Kernstown without saying which of the two battles fought there. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S777", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 28, 1902, page 3: the death notice of Thomas J. Russell", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1902-05-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1902-05-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice; it names the battle where he was wounded, not its date. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S778", "title": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 6, 1914, page 4: \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\"", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1914-05-06/ed-1/?sp=4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1914-05-06", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-14", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "A death notice that runs across two columns; it dates his wound but does not name the engagement. Read from a region of the Library of Congress scan of the printed page, a digital reproduction and not the paper itself; the newspaper, date and page are those of the Library of Congress issue record.", "independence_family": "clarke-courier" }, { "id": "S779", "title": "Patricia B. Duncan, Clarke County, Virginia Death Register 1853-1896, with Birth Records 1855-1856 Entered on Death Register (Heritage Books, 2008)", "creator": "Patricia B. Duncan", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A9780788445972", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2008", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-15", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read from a scan of the printed book supplied by the project owner, the same scan that this project's OCR read for the /deaths/ collection. Each quotation was checked against the scan's page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page; the book was not handled. Duncan transcribed the Library of Virginia microfilm of the county's death register; neither the microfilm nor the register was inspected. Quotations keep Duncan's abbreviations and spellings; claims expand the abbreviations. The URL is a catalog search built from the book's ISBN and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "duncan-clarke-deaths" }, { "id": "S780", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., September 12, 1833, page 3: news report on the petition for a new county out of eastern Frederick, 1833", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18330912.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-09-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S781", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., October 31, 1833, page 3: public notice on the petition for a new county out of eastern Frederick, 1833", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18331031.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-10-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S782", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., November 21, 1833, page 1: the east Frederick petition, printed", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18331121.1.1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-11-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S783", "title": "Daily Richmond Whig, Richmond, Va., December 12, 1833, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Daily Richmond Whig", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=DRW18331212.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-12-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-whig" }, { "id": "S784", "title": "Daily Richmond Whig, Richmond, Va., December 13, 1833, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Daily Richmond Whig", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=DRW18331213.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-12-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-whig" }, { "id": "S785", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., December 26, 1833, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18331226.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-12-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S786", "title": "Daily Richmond Whig, Richmond, Va., December 31, 1833, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Daily Richmond Whig", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=DRW18331231.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-12-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-whig" }, { "id": "S787", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., December 31, 1833, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18331231.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1833-12-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S788", "title": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Winchester, Va., January 4, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Winchester Virginia Republican", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=WVR18340104.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "winchester-virginia-republican" }, { "id": "S789", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., January 9, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18340109.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S790", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., January 11, 1834, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18340111.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S791", "title": "Virginia Herald, Fredericksburg, Va., January 11, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Herald", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VHR18340111.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-herald-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S792", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., January 14, 1834, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18340114.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S793", "title": "Political Arena, Fredericksburg, Va., January 17, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Political Arena", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=PLTAR18340117.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "political-arena-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S794", "title": "Virginia Herald, Fredericksburg, Va., January 18, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Herald", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VHR18340118.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-herald-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S795", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., January 23, 1834, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18340123.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-01-23", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S796", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., February 13, 1834, page 2: report of a public meeting on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1833-34", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18340213.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-02-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S797", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., April 4, 1834, page 2: Richmond correspondence on the division of Frederick and the election of 1834", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18340404.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-04-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S798", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., April 5, 1834, page 2: news report on the division of Frederick and the election of 1834", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18340405.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-04-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S799", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., December 11, 1834, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18341211.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1834-12-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S800", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., January 10, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18350110.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-01-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S801", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., February 12, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18350212.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S802", "title": "Southern Religious Telegraph, Richmond, Va., February 13, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Southern Religious Telegraph", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SRT18350213.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "southern-religious-telegraph" }, { "id": "S803", "title": "American Beacon and Norfolk and Portsmouth Daily Advertiser, Norfolk, Va., February 14, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "American Beacon and Norfolk and Portsmouth Daily Advertiser", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=ABNPDA18350214.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "american-beacon-norfolk" }, { "id": "S804", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C., February 14, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18350214.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-14", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "alexandria-gazette" }, { "id": "S805", "title": "Lynchburg Virginian, Lynchburg, Va., February 19, 1835, page 2: reprinted report on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Lynchburg Virginian", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=LV18350219.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "lynchburg-virginian" }, { "id": "S806", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., February 19, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18350219.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S807", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., February 21, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18350221.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S808", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., February 26, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18350226.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-26", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S809", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., February 28, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18350228.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-02-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S810", "title": "Lynchburg Virginian, Lynchburg, Va., March 5, 1835, page 2: reprinted report on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Lynchburg Virginian", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=LV18350305.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-03-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "lynchburg-virginian" }, { "id": "S811", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., March 5, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18350305.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-03-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S812", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., March 7, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1834-35", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18350307.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-03-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S813", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., April 21, 1835, page 3: news report on the division of Frederick and the election of 1835", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18350421.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-04-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S814", "title": "Winchester Virginia Republican, Winchester, Va., September 9, 1835, page 3: public notice on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Winchester Virginia Republican", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=WVR18350909.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-09-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "winchester-virginia-republican" }, { "id": "S815", "title": "Virginia Herald, Fredericksburg, Va., December 16, 1835, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Herald", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VHR18351216.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-12-16", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-herald-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S816", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., December 17, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18351217.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-12-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S817", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., December 24, 1835, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18351224.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-12-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S818", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., December 31, 1835, page 3: Richmond correspondence on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18351231.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1835-12-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S819", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., January 7, 1836, page 2: Richmond correspondence on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360107.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-01-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S820", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., January 9, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360109.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-01-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S821", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., January 19, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360119.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-01-19", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S822", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., February 18, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360218.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-02-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S823", "title": "Virginia Herald, Fredericksburg, Va., February 20, 1836, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Herald", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VHR18360220.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-02-20", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-herald-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S824", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., February 25, 1836, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the petition for a new county out of Frederick, session of 1835-36", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360225.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-02-25", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S825", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., March 5, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360305.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S826", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., March 10, 1836, page 3: news report on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360310.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S827", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., March 10, 1836, page 2: House of Delegates proceedings on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360310.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-10", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S828", "title": "Southern Religious Telegraph, Richmond, Va., March 11, 1836, page 3: news report on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Southern Religious Telegraph", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SRT18360311.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-11", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "southern-religious-telegraph" }, { "id": "S829", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C., March 12, 1836, page 3: reprinted report on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18360312.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "alexandria-gazette" }, { "id": "S830", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., March 12, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360312.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S831", "title": "Virginia Herald, Fredericksburg, Va., March 12, 1836, page 2: reprinted report on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Herald", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VHR18360312.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-herald-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S832", "title": "Political Arena, Fredericksburg, Va., March 15, 1836, page 2: editorial on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Political Arena", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=PLTAR18360315.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-15", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "political-arena-fredericksburg" }, { "id": "S833", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., March 17, 1836, page 3: news report on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360317.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-17", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S834", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., March 24, 1836, page 2: the act forming Clarke County, printed", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360324.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S835", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., March 31, 1836, page 2: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360331.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-03-31", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S836", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C., April 4, 1836, page 3: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18360404.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "alexandria-gazette" }, { "id": "S837", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., April 5, 1836, page 3: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360405.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-05", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S838", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., April 8, 1836, page 4: abstract of the acts of the session on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360408.1.4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-08", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S839", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., April 9, 1836, page 4: abstract of the acts of the session on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18360409.1.4", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-09", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S840", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., April 21, 1836, page 1: abstract of the acts of the session on the passage of the act forming Clarke County, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360421.1.1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S841", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., April 28, 1836, page 2: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360428.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-04-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Virginia Chronicle page image, a digital reproduction of the printed page, not the paper itself or its microfilm. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S842", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1836, page 3: reprinted report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360503.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-05-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S843", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., June 3, 1836, page 3: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360603.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-06-03", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S844", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., July 28, 1836, page 3: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360728.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-07-28", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S845", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C., August 12, 1836, page 3: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18360812.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-08-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "alexandria-gazette" }, { "id": "S846", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., August 18, 1836, page 3: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18360818.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-08-18", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S847", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., September 13, 1836, page 1: report of a public meeting on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360913.1.1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-09-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S848", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., October 7, 1836, page 1: an address to the voters on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18361007.1.1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-10-07", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S849", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., October 13, 1836, page 2: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18361013.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-10-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S850", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., November 12, 1836, page 2: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18361112.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-11-12", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S851", "title": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va., December 13, 1836, page 3: House of Delegates proceedings on the new county of Clarke, 1836", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18361213.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1836-12-13", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "richmond-enquirer" }, { "id": "S852", "title": "Genius of Liberty, Leesburg, Va., April 22, 1837, page 3: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1837", "creator": "Genius of Liberty", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=GL18370422.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1837-04-22", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "genius-of-liberty" }, { "id": "S853", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., August 24, 1837, page 2: news report on the new county of Clarke, 1837", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18370824.1.2", "form": "reporting", "date": "1837-08-24", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S854", "title": "Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va., September 21, 1837, page 1: public notice on the new county of Clarke, 1837", "creator": "Virginia Free Press", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=VFP18370921.1.1", "form": "reporting", "date": "1837-09-21", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "virginia-free-press" }, { "id": "S855", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C., October 4, 1837, page 3: report of a public meeting on the new county of Clarke, 1837", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette", "url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18371004.1.3", "form": "reporting", "date": "1837-10-04", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "existing_ocr_reviewed", "limitations": "Read as Virginia Chronicle's uncorrected OCR, not the page image, and listed here as one of the articles this project found on the founding of Clarke County; nothing from it is quoted. A newspaper's account: reports of the House of Delegates are summaries, not the official journal, and letters are advocates' arguments.", "independence_family": "alexandria-gazette" }, { "id": "S856", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 8, 1831 (file 045_083_007): counter-petition of Frederick citizens against the Front Royal county, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Counter-Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814931405756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1831-12-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S857", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 11, 1833 (file 045_083_021): the printed Memorial and Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Eastern Part of Frederick County, with affidavits of notice and signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814936405756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-11", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S858", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 11, 1833 (file 045_083_022): printed remonstrance against both proposed counties, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815044705756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-11", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S859", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 12, 1833 (file 045_083_023): printed remonstrance against both proposed counties, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814654505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-12", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S860", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 24, 1833 (file 045_083_025): printed remonstrance against both proposed counties, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815098305756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-24", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S861", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 28, 1833 (file 045_083_027): report of the committee appointed at a meeting of the citizens on the division of Frederick County, with letters, certificates and tables", "creator": "Committee: Report (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814651505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-28", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S862", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 30, 1833 (file 045_083_028): petition for a new county out of eastern Frederick, with signatures and a clerk's copy of them", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815079005756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-30", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S863", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 31, 1833 (file 045_083_030): petition on the bounds of the Front Royal county, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815186505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-31", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S864", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 31, 1833 (file 045_083_029): certificate of the justices of the peace living in the proposed county", "creator": "Justices of the Peace: Certificate (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815086605756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1833-12-31", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S865", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 9, 1834 (file 045_083_031): petition of citizens approving the new county out of eastern Frederick, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815063905756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1834-01-09", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S866", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 9, 1834 (file 045_083_032): printed remonstrance against the new county out of eastern Frederick, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814643205756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1834-01-09", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S867", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 11, 1834 (file 045_083_033): Seth Mason's letter against the Battletown county", "creator": "Mason, Seth: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814641905756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1834-01-11", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S868", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 4, 1834 (file 045_083_035): printed petition for a new county out of north-eastern Frederick, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815027905756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1834-12-04", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S869", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 4, 1834 (file 045_083_036): petitions for the Front Royal county and for a Middletown county, with signatures and papers against division", "creator": "Inhabitants of Frederick & Shenandoah: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814942105756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1834-12-04", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S870", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, 1835 (file 045_083_055): petition of Frederick citizens for the Front Royal county, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815263605756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S871", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, 1835 (file 045_083_054): printed petition for a new county out of north-eastern Frederick, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814935505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S872", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 8, 1835 (file 045_083_038): printed petition for a new county out of north-eastern Frederick, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815038505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-01-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S873", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 14, 1835 (file 045_083_039): printed petition for a new county out of north-eastern Frederick and a remonstrance against it, with signatures and exhibits", "creator": "Inhabitants: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814647205756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-01-14", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S874", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, February 25, 1835 (file 045_083_042): papers of a Prince William County case, filed with a wrapper for documents on the division of Frederick", "creator": "Grigsby, Baylis: Papers (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815418805756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-02-25", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S875", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 8, 1835 (file 045_083_043): petition for the Front Royal county, with signatures and affidavits of notice", "creator": "Inhabitants of Frederick & Shenandoah: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815124105756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S876", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 8, 1835 (file 045_083_044): petition for the Front Royal county, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants of Frederick & Shenandoah: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815100405756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S877", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 9, 1835 (file 045_083_048): printed remonstrances against the Battletown division, with signatures, an affidavit and a statement", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815195305756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-09", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S878", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 9, 1835 (file 045_083_049): printed petition for a new county out of north-eastern Frederick, with signatures and Wilford G. Settle's letter on the census", "creator": "Citizens: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815141305756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-09", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S879", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 22, 1835 (file 045_083_051): printed remonstrance against the Battletown division, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814652505756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-22", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S880", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 30, 1835 (file 045_083_052): remonstrance against the Berryville petition, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814956805756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-30", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S881", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 30, 1835 (file 045_083_053): Richard M. Sydnor and Wilford G. Settle's census of the north-eastern part of Frederick County", "creator": "Settle, Wilford G. & Sydnor, Richard M.: Correspondence (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814941605756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1835-12-30", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S882", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 8, 1836 (file 045_083_058): printed remonstrance against the Battletown division, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815165005756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836-01-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S883", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 8, 1836 (file 045_083_059): printed remonstrance of residents of the proposed county against it, with signatures", "creator": "Inhabitants: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815183105756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836-01-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S884", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, January 18, 1836 (file 045_083_064): two remonstrances against the Front Royal county, with signatures", "creator": "Citizens: Remonstrance (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917815155605756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836-01-18", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S885", "title": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions, Frederick County, December 8, 1836 (file 045_083_067): Wilford G. Settle's petition for pay for the census, with orders of the Clarke and Warren county courts", "creator": "Settle, Wilford G.: Petition (catalogued by the Library of Virginia)", "url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814937805756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836-12-08", "date_role": "filing", "accessed_on": "2026-10-17", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, a digital reproduction, not the papers themselves. The date is the catalogue's, usually the day the House received the paper. Petitions and remonstrances are advocates' papers: their figures and claims are the signers' case, and a name on a sheet is a signature as written, not proof of who the signer was or where he lived. Some sheets are faint, torn or lost.", "independence_family": "lva-legislative-petitions-frederick-1831-1836" }, { "id": "S886", "title": "George Rogers Clark (1752–1818)", "creator": "Donald W. Gunter, Encyclopedia Virginia", "url": "https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/clark-george-rogers-1752-1818/", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2020-12-07", "date_role": "last_update", "accessed_on": "2026-10-18", "access_status": "page_text_reviewed", "limitations": "A signed entry in an edited secondary reference, adapted from the author's entry in the Dictionary of Virginia Biography (vol. 3, 2006). It summarizes other scholarship rather than reporting from the record; where Clark was born, raised and died are its statements, not checked by this project against the records it rests on. It does not mention the Virginia county named for him. Only short sentences are quoted.", "independence_family": "encyclopedia-virginia" }, { "id": "S887", "title": "Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, session of 1835-36, page 20: Chapter 19, an act forming a new county out of the county of Frederick", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32437123259265&seq=24", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-18", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The printed session laws, read on HathiTrust's scan of the Ohio State University copy, a digital reproduction of the printed volume, not the enrolled act. The printing gives the act as passed; it does not show the bill as introduced or say who proposed the county's name.", "independence_family": "virginia-general-assembly" }, { "id": "S888", "title": "Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia, session of 1835-36, page 194, and Doc. No. 6, page 3", "creator": "House of Delegates of Virginia", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433014925543&seq=200", "form": "contemporary_document", "date": "1836", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-18", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "The printed journal and the documents bound with it, read on HathiTrust's scan of the New York Public Library copy, a digital reproduction of the printed volume. The journal records motions and votes, not debate; on the third reading of the Frederick bill it says only that a blank was filled.", "independence_family": "virginia-general-assembly" }, { "id": "S889", "title": "Sixth Census of the United States, 1840: population schedule for Clarke County, Virginia (National Archives microfilm M704, roll 555)", "creator": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal", "url": "https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KF7", "form": "document", "date": "1840", "date_role": "creation", "accessed_on": "2026-10-21", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on a digital reproduction: FamilySearch's images of the National Archives microfilm, not the manuscript. The schedule names only the head of each household; everyone else is counted by color, sex and age, and enslaved people are never named. A line records where people were on the census day, under the head of that household, who was not always their owner. The handwriting makes some letters hard to tell apart; each name quoted was read again on the image for the story that quotes it. The two facing images of page 18, and the left-hand images of pages 4 and 15, are shown whole on the owner's decision of 21 Oct 2026; the others are not.", "independence_family": "us-census" }, { "id": "S890", "title": "Compendium of the Enumeration of the Inhabitants and Statistics of the United States, as Obtained at the Department of State, from the Returns of the Sixth Census (Washington: Thomas Allen, 1841)", "creator": "United States Department of State", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1840/1840v3/1840c-03.pdf", "form": "document", "date": "1841", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-21", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read by eye on a digital reproduction of the Census Bureau's own scan of the printed volume. The table gives each county's slaves and free colored persons by sex and age but no subtotal for either; the totals in the claims are the sums of the printed cells. The county row was compared cell for cell with this project's own count of the schedules, and all 24 cells agree.", "independence_family": "us-census" }, { "id": "S891", "title": "Joy MacDonald, comp., Free Blacks on the Personal Property Tax Lists of Clarke County, Virginia, 1836-1862 (New Papyrus Publishing, 2013)", "creator": "Joy MacDonald", "url": "https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=Free+Blacks+on+the+Personal+Property+Tax+Lists+of+Clarke+County", "form": "reference_work", "date": "2013", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on the page images of a scan of the printed book, a digital reproduction; the book was not handled. MacDonald indexed the county's personal property tax lists from the microfilm at the Handley Regional Library and the Library of Virginia, and notes that some names were illegible; neither the microfilm nor the lists were inspected here. The lists give no place of residence, no relationships and no record of how a person became free. Quotations keep the book's columns, spellings and abbreviations. The URL is a catalog search and has not been fetched.", "independence_family": "macdonald-clarke-free-blacks" }, { "id": "S892", "title": "The Code of Virginia (Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1849), Title 30, Slaves and Free Negroes, chapters 103 and 107", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002676106&seq=504", "form": "document", "date": "1849", "date_role": "publication", "accessed_on": "2026-10-26", "access_status": "original_inspected", "limitations": "Read on a digital reproduction of the printed volume. The Code states the law as revised in 1849; its margins cite the earlier acts each section came from, and its note to chapter 107 summarizes the act of 1806. A statute says what the law required, not how often or how strictly the Clarke County court enforced it; the court's own order books were not read.", "independence_family": "code-of-virginia-1849" } ], "relationships": [ { "id": "R01", "subject_id": "josephine-city", "predicate": "located_within", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C18" ], "label": "Community within Berryville", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R02", "subject_id": "josephine-williams", "predicate": "buyer_in", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C08" ], "label": "Named among the land buyers", "assessment": "qualified", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R03", "subject_id": "josephine-williams", "predicate": "previously_enslaved_at", "object_id": "clermont", "claim_ids": [ "C16" ], "label": "Earlier life at Clermont", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R04", "subject_id": "josephine-school", "predicate": "served_community", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C12" ], "label": "Built to serve this community", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R05", "subject_id": "museum", "predicate": "uses_building", "object_id": "josephine-school", "claim_ids": [ "C14" ], "label": "Museum chapter of the building", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R06", "subject_id": "daniel-morgan", "predicate": "appears_in_origin_account_of", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C03" ], "label": "Appears in a later naming story", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R07", "subject_id": "thomas-gold", "predicate": "wrote_about", "object_id": "daniel-morgan", "claim_ids": [ "C03" ], "label": "Author of the later account", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R08", "subject_id": "stribling-house", "predicate": "located_in", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C17" ], "label": "A separately dated building", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R09", "subject_id": "receipt-1867", "predicate": "described_as_record_of", "object_id": "josephine-williams", "claim_ids": [ "C09" ], "label": "Receipt described by Clermont", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R89", "subject_id": "ruritan-club", "predicate": "acquired_site", "object_id": "ruritan-fairgrounds", "claim_ids": [ "C101" ], "label": "Bought the horse-show grounds and renamed them, as reported in 2024", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1960", "end": "1960", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R90", "subject_id": "berryville-grille", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "nine-east-main", "claim_ids": [ "C107" ], "label": "Listed at the address in captures from 2012 to 2022", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "2012", "end": "2022", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R91", "subject_id": "suecats-bistro", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "nine-east-main", "claim_ids": [ "C109" ], "label": "Listed at the address in a February 2025 capture", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "2025", "end": "2025", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R92", "subject_id": "aztec-city", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "nine-east-main", "claim_ids": [ "C110" ], "label": "Listed at the address in 2026", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "2026", "end": "2026", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R93", "subject_id": "winston-hall", "predicate": "located_in", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C111" ], "label": "On East Main Street, Berryville, by both accounts", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R94", "subject_id": "motor-car-inn", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "stribling-house", "claim_ids": [ "C125" ], "label": "Opened in the house in 1919 and lasted into the early 1950s, by a 2015 account", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1919", "end": "1952", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R95", "subject_id": "battletown-inn", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "battletown-inn-earlier-site", "claim_ids": [ "C122", "C123", "C126" ], "label": "At the earlier West Main site, attested 1925, until the reported 1952 move", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1952", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R96", "subject_id": "battletown-inn", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "stribling-house", "claim_ids": [ "C123", "C127", "C129", "C130" ], "label": "In the Sarah Stribling House from the reported 1952 name transfer to the closure reported in 2015", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1952", "end": "2015", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R97", "subject_id": "blandy-experimental-farm", "predicate": "located_within", "object_id": "tuleyries", "claim_ids": [ "C133" ], "label": "On 712 acres of the Tuleyries property, excluding the mansion and adjacent lands, by the 1926 bequest", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1926", "end": "1926", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R98", "subject_id": "fire-house-gallery", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "twenty-three-east-main", "claim_ids": [ "C152" ], "label": "Open at the address from January 2010 to its scheduled closing in September 2019", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "2010", "end": "2019", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R99", "subject_id": "hawthorne-hall", "predicate": "located_in", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C139" ], "label": "At the intersection of West Main and North Buckmarsh streets, by the 1987 survey", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R100", "subject_id": "berryville-passenger-depot", "predicate": "located_in", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C148" ], "label": "South of Main Street; South First Street by the survey, Station Avenue by the 2024 report", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1910", "end": "1990", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R101", "subject_id": "project-hope-people-to-people", "predicate": "uses_building", "object_id": "carter-hall-millwood", "claim_ids": [ "C168" ], "label": "Headquarters and conference use, on the organization's own tax year 2020 return. Start and end are not established by any record read.", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R102", "subject_id": "audley-farm-business", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "audley-farm", "claim_ids": [ "C175" ], "label": "The business trading as Audley Farm gives 752 Audley Lane as its physical address, one of the sixteen addresses the county attaches to the parcel. Start and end are not established by any record read.", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R60", "subject_id": "sw-brown", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C62" ], "label": "Advertised a grocery in Josephine City", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1910", "end": "1910", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R61", "subject_id": "lucy-franklin", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C63" ], "label": "Advertised boarding in her Josephine City residence", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1912", "end": "1912", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R62", "subject_id": "josephine-johnson", "predicate": "operated_business_in", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C64" ], "label": "Advertised a lunch room in Josephine City", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R63", "subject_id": "gld-harris", "predicate": "edited", "object_id": "peoples-journal", "claim_ids": [ "C67", "C68" ], "label": "Editor, publisher and sole proprietor", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1899", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R64", "subject_id": "peoples-journal", "predicate": "located_within", "object_id": "berryville", "claim_ids": [ "C67" ], "label": "Published at Berryville", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1899", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R65", "subject_id": "stone-bridge", "predicate": "represented_in", "object_id": "clarke-county-school-league", "claim_ids": [ "C71" ], "label": "Community with a named League representative", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R66", "subject_id": "webbtown", "predicate": "represented_in", "object_id": "clarke-county-school-league", "claim_ids": [ "C71" ], "label": "Community with a named League representative", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R67", "subject_id": "berryville", "predicate": "represented_in", "object_id": "clarke-county-school-league", "claim_ids": [ "C71" ], "label": "Community with a named League representative", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R80", "subject_id": "et-johnson", "predicate": "presided_over", "object_id": "clarke-county-school-league", "claim_ids": [ "C80", "C81", "C83" ], "label": "Named as president by the Clarke Courier in 1925 and by the People's Journal in 1927", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R81", "subject_id": "alma-layton", "predicate": "held_office_in", "object_id": "clarke-county-school-league", "claim_ids": [ "C87" ], "label": "Secretary of the League in 1927", "assessment": "qualified", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R82", "subject_id": "et-johnson", "predicate": "taught_at", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "label": "Named at the school the Courier called the Josephine colored school, 1925", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1925", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R83", "subject_id": "fannie-jenkins", "predicate": "taught_at", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "label": "Named at the school the Courier called the Josephine colored school, 1925", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1925", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R84", "subject_id": "florine-johnson", "predicate": "taught_at", "object_id": "josephine-city", "claim_ids": [ "C84", "C85" ], "label": "Named at the school the Courier called the Josephine colored school, 1925", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1925", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R85", "subject_id": "alma-layton", "predicate": "taught_at", "object_id": "boyce", "claim_ids": [ "C86", "C87" ], "label": "Named at Boyce Colored school, 1925", "assessment": "supported", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": "1925", "end": "1925", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "R103", "subject_id": "mary-f-page", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "agnes-b-page", "claim_ids": [ "C608" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, January 27, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R104", "subject_id": "elizabeth-simons-hart", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "elijah-simons", "claim_ids": [ "C614" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, March 3, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R105", "subject_id": "mrs-thomas-howell", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "sarah-elizabeth-stolle", "claim_ids": [ "C618" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, March 3, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R106", "subject_id": "mrs-turner-huff", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "william-alexander-renner", "claim_ids": [ "C624" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, April 7, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R107", "subject_id": "mrs-samuel-mccormick", "predicate": "named_as_sister_in_law_of", "object_id": "fenton-p-whiting", "claim_ids": [ "C633" ], "label": "Proposed: named as a sister of his wife in his obituary (Clarke Courier, June 9, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R108", "subject_id": "r-c-brown", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mary-v-brown", "claim_ids": [ "C642" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her son in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R109", "subject_id": "h-e-brown", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mary-v-brown", "claim_ids": [ "C643" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her son in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R110", "subject_id": "florence-hummer", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mary-v-brown", "claim_ids": [ "C644" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R111", "subject_id": "sarah-b-crown", "predicate": "named_as_niece_of", "object_id": "mary-josephine-crown", "claim_ids": [ "C646" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her niece in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R112", "subject_id": "william-nelson-meade", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "maria-p-whiting", "claim_ids": [ "C648" ], "label": "Proposed: named as brother and sister in the report of their deaths (Clarke Courier, September 8, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R113", "subject_id": "nannie-mcguire", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "edward-mcguire", "claim_ids": [ "C638" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, October 13, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R114", "subject_id": "helen-helm-dortch", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "hattie-williams-dortch", "claim_ids": [ "C658" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in the report of her death (Clarke Courier, February 2, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R115", "subject_id": "logan-t-lloyd", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "letcher-lloyd", "claim_ids": [ "C671" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his son in his obituary (Clarke Courier, March 16, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R116", "subject_id": "mason-osburn", "predicate": "named_as_stepchild_of", "object_id": "vienna-osburn", "claim_ids": [ "C673" ], "label": "Proposed: named among her stepchildren in her obituary (Clarke Courier, March 16, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R117", "subject_id": "virginia-washington", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "harriet-washington", "claim_ids": [ "C679" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her sister, who died in February 1921, in her obituary (Clarke Courier, April 6, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R118", "subject_id": "irene-ruth-peyton", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "leonard-peyton", "claim_ids": [ "C687" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his infant daughter in her death notice (Clarke Courier, April 27, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R119", "subject_id": "minnie-ogden", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "henrietta-r-ogden", "claim_ids": [ "C696" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R120", "subject_id": "grover-carroll", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "amelia-hough-carroll", "claim_ids": [ "C699" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her son in her obituary (Clarke Courier, September 14, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R121", "subject_id": "rice-smith", "predicate": "named_as_uncle_of", "object_id": "sarah-b-crown", "claim_ids": [ "C700" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her uncle in his obituary (Clarke Courier, October 12, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R122", "subject_id": "susie-cadwallader", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "martha-a-sillman", "claim_ids": [ "C702" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter in her obituary (Clarke Courier, October 19, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R123", "subject_id": "fred-l-crown", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "sarah-b-crown", "claim_ids": [ "C703" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her brother in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, November 3, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R124", "subject_id": "wm-w-willingham", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "charles-lewis-willingham", "claim_ids": [ "C706" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his son in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R125", "subject_id": "kate-cornwell", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "charles-lewis-willingham", "claim_ids": [ "C707" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R126", "subject_id": "jennie-cooper", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "charles-lewis-willingham", "claim_ids": [ "C708" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R127", "subject_id": "milton-s-pyle", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "wm-f-pyle", "claim_ids": [ "C709" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his son, at whose home he died, in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R128", "subject_id": "mrs-john-ritter", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "wm-f-pyle", "claim_ids": [ "C710" ], "label": "Proposed: named among his children in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R129", "subject_id": "robert-pyle", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "wm-f-pyle", "claim_ids": [ "C711" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his brother in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R130", "subject_id": "mrs-robert-goodrick", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "wm-f-pyle", "claim_ids": [ "C712" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, November 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R131", "subject_id": "mrs-george-britton", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "m-w-jones", "claim_ids": [ "C715" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his only sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, December 7, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R132", "subject_id": "berkley-bowman", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mrs-isaac-bowman", "claim_ids": [ "C727" ], "label": "Proposed: named as the son of Isaac Bowman by his second wife (Clarke Courier, March 15, 1923), as her 1921 obituary also names him", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R133", "subject_id": "mrs-e-b-jacobs", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "thomas-hugh-burwell", "claim_ids": [ "C741" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in his obituary (Clarke Courier, May 31, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R134", "subject_id": "mrs-lewis-meade", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "thomas-hugh-burwell", "claim_ids": [ "C742" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in his obituary (Clarke Courier, May 31, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R135", "subject_id": "mary-willing-burwell", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "thomas-hugh-burwell", "claim_ids": [ "C743" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in his obituary (Clarke Courier, May 31, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R136", "subject_id": "john-w-hillyard", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "earnest-hillyard", "claim_ids": [ "C745" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his brother in the report of his drowning (Clarke Courier, June 28, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R137", "subject_id": "mrs-joseph-heflin", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "earnest-hillyard", "claim_ids": [ "C746" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his sister in the report of his drowning (Clarke Courier, June 28, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R138", "subject_id": "hugh-armel", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "john-armel", "claim_ids": [ "C757" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his son in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, September 6, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R139", "subject_id": "hugh-armel", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mrs-john-armel", "claim_ids": [ "C758" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her son in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, September 6, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R140", "subject_id": "thomas-armel", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "hugh-armel", "claim_ids": [ "C759" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his brother in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, September 6, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R141", "subject_id": "floyd-armel", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "hugh-armel", "claim_ids": [ "C760" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his brother in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, September 6, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R142", "subject_id": "j-w-butler", "predicate": "named_as_father_in_law_of", "object_id": "hugh-armel", "claim_ids": [ "C761" ], "label": "Proposed: named as the father of his wife in the report of his death (Clarke Courier, September 6, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R143", "subject_id": "custis-lewin", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "edith-hummer", "claim_ids": [ "C781" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, December 23, 1920 (Clarke Courier, January 13, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R144", "subject_id": "walter-hardesty", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "alice-n-grant", "claim_ids": [ "C784" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married (Clarke Courier, February 24, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R145", "subject_id": "george-l-ziler", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "edna-e-shewbridge", "claim_ids": [ "C786" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, February 19, 1921 (Clarke Courier, March 10, 1921; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R146", "subject_id": "charles-campbell-macleod", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "margaretta-colston-carper", "claim_ids": [ "C790" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, July 6, 1921 (Clarke Courier, July 14, 1921; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R147", "subject_id": "verne-r-mason", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "lucy-meredith-ginn", "claim_ids": [ "C793" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R148", "subject_id": "treadwell-gibson", "predicate": "named_as_uncle_of", "object_id": "lucy-meredith-ginn", "claim_ids": [ "C794" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her uncle in the report of her wedding (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R149", "subject_id": "tom-lewis-peyton", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "nancy-goodwin-williams", "claim_ids": [ "C796" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, October 15, 1921 (Clarke Courier, October 20, 1921; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R150", "subject_id": "joseph-edward-ritter", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "irene-pine", "claim_ids": [ "C800" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, November 30, 1921 (Clarke Courier, December 1, 1921; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R151", "subject_id": "irene-pine", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "thomas-pine", "claim_ids": [ "C801" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in her wedding notice (Clarke Courier, December 1, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R152", "subject_id": "john-lanham", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "audrey-zombro", "claim_ids": [ "C803" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, February 1, 1922 (Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R153", "subject_id": "john-gore", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "mary-elliotte", "claim_ids": [ "C805" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married (Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R154", "subject_id": "mrs-wm-mallory", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "mary-elliotte", "claim_ids": [ "C807" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her sister in the report of her wedding (Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R155", "subject_id": "mable-barnett", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mrs-j-edward-barnett", "claim_ids": [ "C808" ], "label": "Proposed: named among her survivors in her obituary (Clarke Courier, February 23, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R156", "subject_id": "carl-l-wellinger", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "stella-augusta-trenary", "claim_ids": [ "C811" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, February 24, 1922 (Clarke Courier, March 2, 1922; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R157", "subject_id": "john-davidson-rhodes", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "sophie-gieski-powers", "claim_ids": [ "C812" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married (Clarke Courier, April 27, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R158", "subject_id": "virginia-gaunt", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "john-gaunt", "claim_ids": [ "C816" ], "label": "Proposed: named as his daughter in the report of her wedding (Clarke Courier, April 20, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R159", "subject_id": "cornelius-h-webster", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "virginia-gaunt", "claim_ids": [ "C814" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, April 17, 1922 (Clarke Courier, April 20, 1922; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R160", "subject_id": "arthur-ashwood", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "naomi-willingham", "claim_ids": [ "C821" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, May 31, 1922 (Clarke Courier, June 1, 1922; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R161", "subject_id": "sumner-f-dudley-walters", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "evelyn-turpin", "claim_ids": [ "C825" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, June 14, 1922 (Clarke Courier, June 15, 1922; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R162", "subject_id": "william-johnson", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "elsie-marie-jenkins", "claim_ids": [ "C831" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, November 1922 (Clarke Courier, November 30, 1922; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R163", "subject_id": "lennis-brown", "predicate": "reported_married_to", "object_id": "effie-butler", "claim_ids": [ "C845" ], "label": "Proposed: reported married, December 8, 1923 (Clarke Courier, December 13, 1923; a register entry is cited as a second record)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R164", "subject_id": "alma-r-owens", "predicate": "named_as_sibling_of", "object_id": "effie-butler", "claim_ids": [ "C847" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her sister in her wedding notice (Clarke Courier, December 13, 1923)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R165", "subject_id": "d-d-brown", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mary-v-brown", "claim_ids": [ "C856" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her son in her obituary (Clarke Courier, August 25, 1921)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R166", "subject_id": "estelle-rutherford", "predicate": "named_as_child_of", "object_id": "mrs-c-a-rutherford", "claim_ids": [ "C875" ], "label": "Proposed: named as her daughter (Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922)", "assessment": "unconfirmed", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "R168", "subject_id": "james-l-ashby-civil-war", "predicate": "likely_same_as", "object_id": "lewis-ashby-civil-war", "claim_ids": [ "C1428", "C1429" ], "label": "Likely the same man: a Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry soldier's compiled service record shows him signing his own name both \"Jas[James] Louis Ashby\" and \"Lewis Ashby\"", "assessment": "qualified", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "valid_time": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } } ], "events": [ { "id": "T01", "title": "Berryville was earlier known as Battletown", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C01" ], "summary": "The name is supported; its first use is not dated in this pilot.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "T02", "title": "Berryville is incorporated", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C02" ], "summary": "A year from the county history, not an invented January 1 date.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1798", "end": "1798", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T03", "title": "The Sarah Stribling House is built", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C17" ], "summary": "A building date, not proof of the origin tale.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1810", "end": "1810", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T04", "title": "Clarke County is formed from Frederick County, with Berryville as its seat", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C04", "C21" ], "summary": "County formation and Berryville's role as county seat.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1836-03-08", "end": "1836-03-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T05", "title": "Josephine sells a shirt to her former enslavers", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C09" ], "summary": "Clermont describes a transaction in Josephine's own name.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1867-11", "end": "1867-11", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T06", "title": "Twenty-four formerly enslaved people buy the 31 acres that become Josephine City", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07" ], "summary": "The year and number of buyers come from DHR.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1870", "end": "1870", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T07", "title": "Josephine buys Lots 1 and 2 on the plat", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C10" ], "summary": "The plat described by Clermont.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1870-09", "end": "1870-09", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T08", "title": "Josephine and Phillip Williams are party to a Lot 1 sale", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C11" ], "summary": "A clerk record described by Clermont.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1871-05", "end": "1871-05", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T09", "title": "The railroad reaches Berryville", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C05" ], "summary": "DHR's transport-history anchor.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1879", "end": "1879", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T10", "title": "The Josephine City School is built with local labor and money", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C12" ], "summary": "A new educational building and a community investment.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1882", "end": "1882", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T11", "title": "The Battletown name is traced to tavern fighting", "story_id": "battletown", "claim_ids": [ "C03", "C20" ], "summary": "Publication of a retrospective, not the date of the alleged fights.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T12", "title": "The original Josephine City school is moved and becomes a home economics building", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C13" ], "summary": "The older school moves and gains a different educational role.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1930", "end": "1930", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T13", "title": "The Josephine School Community Museum opens its first exhibit", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C14" ], "summary": "The date provided by the museum itself.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2003-07-12", "end": "2003-07-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T14", "title": "The old schoolhouse renovated for the museum", "story_id": "josephine", "claim_ids": [ "C98" ], "summary": "The year the district nomination gives for the 1882 building's renovation to serve the Josephine School Community Museum.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2002", "end": "2002", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T15", "title": "The newly formed Ruritan Club sponsors the county fair for the first time", "story_id": "ruritan-fair", "claim_ids": [ "C99", "C100" ], "summary": "The first fair sponsored by the newly formed Ruritan Club, as a 2024 article and a 1989 survey both report. Not the first fair in the county.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1954", "end": "1954", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T16", "title": "The Ruritan Club buys the 30-acre horse-show grounds and renames them the Clarke County Ruritan Fairgrounds", "story_id": "ruritan-fair", "claim_ids": [ "C101", "C102" ], "summary": "The club's reported purchase and renaming of the 30-acre grounds, and its first project there.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1960", "end": "1960", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T17", "title": "The Bank of Clarke County holds a retirement dinner at the Ruritan Fairgrounds", "story_id": "ruritan-fair", "claim_ids": [ "C104" ], "summary": "A retirement dinner recorded by the bank's own history, showing the grounds in use as a venue.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1984-02", "end": "1984-02", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T18", "title": "Berryville Grille listed at 9 East Main", "story_id": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "claim_ids": [ "C107" ], "summary": "The earliest capture inspected that names the Grille among Main Street restaurants. It dates the listing, not the opening.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2012-02-24", "end": "2012-02-24", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T19", "title": "SueCat's Bistro listed at 9 East Main", "story_id": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "claim_ids": [ "C109" ], "summary": "A directory capture showing the second restaurant at the address, its address field still carrying the Grille's name.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-02-14", "end": "2025-02-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T20", "title": "Aztec City listed at 9 East Main", "story_id": "nine-east-main-restaurants", "claim_ids": [ "C110" ], "summary": "A directory capture showing the third restaurant at the address.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2026-04-15", "end": "2026-04-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T21", "title": "Winston Hall built, by the Legion's account", "story_id": "winston-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C111" ], "summary": "The Legion page says 1881; the bank's history says 1884 with an 1885 opening. Both are kept; neither is chosen.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1881", "end": "1881", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T22", "title": "Post 41 meets at Winston Hall", "story_id": "winston-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C112" ], "summary": "The span the Legion gives for its own meetings in the hall.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1920", "end": "1938", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T23", "title": "The Bank of Clarke County buys Winston Hall, then known as the Morris building", "story_id": "winston-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C115" ], "summary": "The bank's own history records the purchase for $25,000 from the heirs of F. H. Morris.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1957-02", "end": "1957-02", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T24", "title": "The bank demolishes Winston Hall for expansion and parking", "story_id": "winston-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C115" ], "summary": "Both accounts give 1962, for bank expansion and parking.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1962", "end": "1962", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T25", "title": "John U. Miller Jr. sells watermelons at Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road at age six", "story_id": "route7-greenhouses", "claim_ids": [ "C117" ], "summary": "The remembered start of the roadside business at Route 7 and Chilly Hollow Road.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1942", "end": "1942", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T26", "title": "The wagon becomes a fruit and vegetable stand supplied by the family's greenhouses", "story_id": "route7-greenhouses", "claim_ids": [ "C118" ], "summary": "Sometime in the 1950s, by Miller's recollection; bounded to the decade, no closer.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1950", "end": "1959", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T27", "title": "The Sign of the Motor Car Inn opens in the house", "story_id": "battletown-inn-story", "claim_ids": [ "C125" ], "summary": "The Elder family's inn, garage and service station at 102 W. Main, as a 2015 account reports it.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1919", "end": "1919", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T28", "title": "The Sign of the Motor Car and the Battletown Inn are separate establishments", "story_id": "battletown-inn-story", "claim_ids": [ "C126" ], "summary": "OCR of the Clarke Courier names The Sign of the Motor Car and the Battletown Inn separately; qualified until the page image is read.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1925-06-04", "end": "1925-06-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T29", "title": "The Battletown name moves to 102 W. Main", "story_id": "battletown-inn-story", "claim_ids": [ "C123" ], "summary": "The earlier inn's proprietors buy the Sarah Stribling House and bring the name with them, by a 2015 account.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1952", "end": "1952", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T30", "title": "The Rotary Club of Clarke County holds its Charter Night at the Battletown Inn", "story_id": "battletown-inn-story", "claim_ids": [ "C127" ], "summary": "The Rotary Club of Clarke County's own record of its first night, with 26 members.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1998-10-10", "end": "1998-10-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T31", "title": "The Battletown Inn closes, its door locked and the property for sale", "story_id": "battletown-inn-story", "claim_ids": [ "C130" ], "summary": "The date Clarke Monthly reported the inn closed; the last day of service is not known.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2015-06-17", "end": "2015-06-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T32", "title": "Upton Boyce's orchards at Tuleyries reach eighty-three acres", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C131" ], "summary": "Upton Boyce's orchards at Tuleyries reach eighty-three acres, by the article's sources.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1905", "end": "1905", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T33", "title": "Graham Blandy's will leaves 712 acres to the University of Virginia as the Blandy Experimental Farm", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C133" ], "summary": "Graham Blandy's will gives 712 acres to the University of Virginia, which takes possession the same year.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1926", "end": "1926", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T34", "title": "Blandy's first full season costs $8,000 to run against a $4,000 apple crop", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C134" ], "summary": "Harry Antrim in charge of the commercial enterprises; $8,000 to run the place against a $4,000 apple crop.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T35", "title": "Orchards around the Quarters give way to the arboretum", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C135" ], "summary": "\"By the late 1930s\", the article says; bounded here to those years, no closer.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1935", "end": "1939", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T36", "title": "Farming for profit ends; farming continues by lease", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C136" ], "summary": "About 500 acres leased to Edward B. Lee Sr. and about 80 kept for community-college students.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1976", "end": "1976", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T37", "title": "Blandy Experimental Farm is designated the State Arboretum of Virginia", "story_id": "blandy-working-landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C137" ], "summary": "The designation, dated from \"the following year\" after a 1985 appointment.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1986", "end": "1986", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T38", "title": "Treadwell Smith buys the house and keeps an ordinary", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C141" ], "summary": "By the 2017 account: bought at public auction, run as a tavern with food and lodging.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1830", "end": "1830", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T39", "title": "Dr. Alfred Tucker rents the Hawthorne building for his office and a small hospital", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C142" ], "summary": "Dr. Alfred Tucker rents the building, by the 2017 account.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1887", "end": "1887", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T40", "title": "Cummins buys the building and opens a clinic", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C143" ], "summary": "The county's first public health nurse works from here, by the 2017 account.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1919", "end": "1919", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T41", "title": "Archibald Cummins opens the Hawthorne Library in the building with his own books", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C144", "C157", "C158" ], "summary": "Dated December 1929 by the Clarke Courier in 1939 and by a 2017 account, and 1930 by the Courier's own 1935 headline, which counts circulation from that January. The range holds both.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1929", "end": "1930", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T42", "title": "The library's books move to the new high school", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C144" ], "summary": "The end of the library in the building, by the 2017 account.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1954", "end": "1954", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T43", "title": "The Yorks sell the Hawthorne building to Melinda Kramer, who renovates it", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C146" ], "summary": "Sold to Melinda Kramer and extensively renovated, by the 2017 account.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2006", "end": "2006", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T44", "title": "The passenger depot is built", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C147", "C148", "C161", "C162", "C164" ], "summary": "Approved by the railway board in January 1910, begun on a Monday reported on March 2, and nearing completion in August, when the station agent expected to move in. No source inspected here records the day it opened or a train met there.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1910", "end": "1910", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T45", "title": "The passenger depot stands vacant", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C147" ], "summary": "The 1987 nomination records the station standing but vacant. This dates the survey, not the last train.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1987", "end": "1987", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T46", "title": "Norfolk Southern demolishes the passenger depot", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C149" ], "summary": "By Norfolk Southern, after two years of talks about a visitors' center, as the 2024 report tells it.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1990-07-02", "end": "1990-07-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T47", "title": "A salvaged depot window guard is installed at Hogan's Alley", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C150" ], "summary": "A salvaged iron fitting from the depot, reused as a public feature. Reuse of a part, not survival of the building.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2024-03", "end": "2024-03", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T48", "title": "The Fire House Gallery opens at 23 E. Main", "story_id": "twenty-three-east-main-story", "claim_ids": [ "C152" ], "summary": "Berryville Main Street's shop for local arts and crafts, with incubator space upstairs. Reported as opening on the 8th by Virginia Main Street and on the 9th by Clarke Monthly; the month is certain, the day is not.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2010-01", "end": "2010-01", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T49", "title": "The Fire House Gallery's announced closing date", "story_id": "twenty-three-east-main-story", "claim_ids": [ "C152" ], "summary": "The date announced in August 2019; the announcement is the source, not a report of the day itself.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2019-09-30", "end": "2019-09-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T50", "title": "A children's tonsil and adenoid clinic is announced for the Hawthorne Building", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C155" ], "summary": "The Courier announces a tonsil and adenoid clinic for children there on the two following days. The notice is dated; whether the clinic was held is not recorded.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1931-06-11", "end": "1931-06-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T51", "title": "The Little Shop advertises the Hawthorne Building as its headquarters", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C156" ], "summary": "The Little Shop gives the building as its headquarters, offering suits, dresses and polo coats.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1934-04-12", "end": "1934-04-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T52", "title": "The Hawthorne Library turns five with 2,000 books and thirteen thousand loans", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C157" ], "summary": "Two thousand books, thirteen thousand loans since January 1930, and hours morning and afternoon.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1935-11-21", "end": "1935-11-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T53", "title": "A bazaar in the library and the Tappan apartments", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C158" ], "summary": "One sentence puts the library and the family's apartments in the same rooms of the same house.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1939-02-16", "end": "1939-02-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T54", "title": "The Hawthorne Library is free to read or borrow", "story_id": "hawthorne-hall-story", "claim_ids": [ "C159" ], "summary": "Weekdays three to five, Saturday evenings seven to eight, free to read or borrow.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1947-03-27", "end": "1947-03-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T55", "title": "A depot promised, not yet started", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C160" ], "summary": "The paper reports that the promised station is coming and is badly needed.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1909-11-03", "end": "1909-11-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T56", "title": "The board approves the depot", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C161" ], "summary": "A railway official says the depot has passed the board and will be built when spring opens, on McCormick land south of the turnpike.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1910-01-05", "end": "1910-01-05", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T57", "title": "Work starts on the passenger depot", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C162" ], "summary": "The paper reports that work started on the Monday and that men are preparing the ground for foundations.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1910-03-02", "end": "1910-03-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T58", "title": "The agent expects to move in", "story_id": "passenger-depot-story", "claim_ids": [ "C164" ], "summary": "Finishing touches, and a conditional expectation of moving in the following Sunday. Not an opening date.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1910-08-10", "end": "1910-08-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T59", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center begins, by its own account", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C262", "C263" ], "summary": "The organization dates itself to 2000. It has described the start both as a wildlife assistance hotline and as a small education effort.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2000", "end": "2000", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T60", "title": "The IRS issues Blue Ridge Wildlife Center's 501(c)(3) exemption", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C260" ], "summary": "The IRS issued the 501(c)(3) exemption under EIN 54-1996991. A separate event from founding, and not a substitute for it.", "date_role": "document", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2001-02", "end": "2001-02", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T61", "title": "An eagle arrives with a blood lead level of 49", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C269" ], "summary": "Reported by Rocktown Now, quoting the center's own account of the patient.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2024-12-17", "end": "2024-12-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T62", "title": "Patients from 40 counties and 172 species come to Blue Ridge Wildlife Center", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C264" ], "summary": "For 2024, the center reported patients from 40 counties across four states and the District of Columbia, representing 172 species.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2024", "end": "2024", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T63", "title": "A rehabilitated eagle announced for release at Banshee Reeks", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C269" ], "summary": "A public release was announced for this date at the Loudoun County preserve, after a month of treatment for a shoulder fracture and lead toxicity. No source read here reports whether it went ahead.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-03-29", "end": "2025-03-29", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T64", "title": "Blue Ridge Wildlife Center takes in 4,005 patients and logs 49,686 hotline calls", "story_id": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "claim_ids": [ "C265", "C267", "C271" ], "summary": "The organization's 2025 annual report records 4,005 patients of 166 species, 49,686 hotline calls, ten research studies and the first year-long fellowships.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025", "end": "2025", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T70", "title": "Maria Zimmerman is sworn in as the first woman president of the Enders Fire Company and Rescue Squad", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C300" ], "summary": "Maria Zimmerman sworn in as the first woman to lead the John H. Enders Fire Company and Rescue Squad, in its 125th year.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-01", "end": "2025-01", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T71", "title": "About thirty volunteers clean headstones and clear brush at Milton Valley Cemetery", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C303" ], "summary": "About thirty people clean headstones and clear brush on a Sunday afternoon in March.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-03", "end": "2025-03", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T72", "title": "The Clarke County Education Foundation announces $85,000 in anonymous gifts to the schools", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C304" ], "summary": "The Clarke County Education Foundation announces $85,000 in anonymous gifts creating a studio arts fund and an International Baccalaureate fund.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-04", "end": "2025-04", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T73", "title": "The fourth Juneteenth Celebration is scheduled", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C308" ], "summary": "Announced for the Ruritan Fairgrounds, noon to seven, free. No source read here reports the day itself.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-06-21", "end": "2025-06-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T74", "title": "The Clarke County Fair is scheduled for August 10–16", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C310" ], "summary": "Published in advance as August 10 to 16, with music on the evening of the 9th.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-08-10", "end": "2025-08-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T75", "title": "A Blue Ridge resort is proposed", "story_id": "dear-clarke-2025", "claim_ids": [ "C313" ], "summary": "The December issue reports citizen groups raising clear cutting, water use and traffic over a proposed resort on the Blue Ridge.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "2025-12", "end": "2025-12", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "T76", "title": "A proprietary boundary nobody could locate", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C335" ], "summary": "The Northern Neck charter ran to the first heads or springs of the Potomac and the Rappahannock, and, on Hofstra's account, nobody knew where those were. Three and a quarter million acres turned on the answer.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1688", "end": "1688", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T77", "title": "The colony grants 26,000 acres near the forks of the Shenandoah", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C336" ], "summary": "Governor Gooch and the Council grant to Larkin and Thomas Chew, with a further 240,000 acres inside three years. Hofstra's date and figures.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1728-06-13", "end": "1728-06-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T78", "title": "Robert Carter grants the proprietary's Valley land to his own family", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C337" ], "summary": "More than 50,000 acres to sons and grandsons, and more than 11,000 to his son-in-law Mann Page the next day.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1730-09-22", "end": "1730-09-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T79", "title": "Fairfax formalizes two settlement policies at once", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C339", "C338" ], "summary": "On Hofstra's account the sixth Lord Fairfax arrives and makes permanent the split pattern the colony and the proprietary had already set up: settlers to the west, idle family land to the east.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1734", "end": "1734", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T80", "title": "The Carter grant is divided among eight heirs", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C340" ], "summary": "50,212 acres into eight tracts of 3,528 to 8,365 acres, by Hofstra's figures.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1740", "end": "1740", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T81", "title": "Mann Page's tract passes to Ralph Wormeley", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C340" ], "summary": "One of the eight tracts changes hands, still inside the same circle of Tidewater families.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1748", "end": "1748", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T82", "title": "West of the Opequon is taken up; east of it lies deserted", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C341" ], "summary": "When Fairfax opens his Valley land office in the early 1750s, little limestone land west of the Opequon is left to settle, while the land to the east lies practically deserted. Hofstra's sentence, and the line the project had been looking for.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1750", "end": "1755", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T83", "title": "The quarter comes to east Frederick", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C342" ], "summary": "Robert Carter, John Page, Nathaniel Burwell and Hugh Nelson operate quarters in the Valley through the 1770s and 1780s, bringing tobacco, slavery, overseers and commercial agriculture with them.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1770", "end": "1789", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T84", "title": "Old Chapel is reorganized as the Episcopal church", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C343" ], "summary": "It comes to dominate religious life east of the Opequon, on Hofstra's account, putting the institutional line where the settlement line already was.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1789", "end": "1789", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T85", "title": "Paulding prints Tuckahoe and Cohee, and draws the line at the Blue Ridge", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C344" ], "summary": "Writing of an 1816 excursion, a visiting author records the two words, says he cannot trace where they came from, and places the divide at the mountain rather than at the Opequon.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1817", "end": "1817", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "T86", "title": "A petition to divide Frederick County reaches the House of Delegates", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C345" ], "summary": "Mr. Gallaher presents it on December 30, 1833, as the Winchester Virginia Republican reported a fortnight later. More than two years before the county was created.", "date_role": "event", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1833-12-30", "end": "1833-12-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "T87", "title": "The division is argued in print, and the taunts of poverty are attested", "story_id": "before-clarke-opequon", "claim_ids": [ "C346", "C347" ], "summary": "Three signed pieces on one page before an election: a prospective Battletown county, a delegate to be lost with it, a writer signing himself Cohee, and an opponent who declines to repeat what the wealthy along the Shenandoah had been saying about their neighbours.", "date_role": "publication", "publication_status": "prototype_draft", "date": { "start": "1834-03-29", "end": "1834-03-29", "precision": "day" } } ], "exercises": [ { "id": "Q01", "question": "What does finding this explanation in a 1914 book establish?", "options": [ "That the explanation was published in 1914.", "That Gold witnessed the original tavern fights.", "That Morgan certainly caused the place name." ], "correct": 0, "explanation": "The publication is evidence of the account. Establishing the earlier cause requires a different evidentiary step.", "claim_id": "C03" }, { "id": "Q02", "question": "DHR says \"presumed namesake.\" What should the website do?", "options": [ "Remove \"presumed\" to make the story smoother.", "Keep the qualification and show the source.", "Treat the whole community history as fiction." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Uncertainty belongs to this particular naming claim. It does not erase the separately supported land-purchase and school histories.", "claim_id": "C08" }, { "id": "Q03", "question": "The club's website says it \"established the Clarke County Fair in 1954.\" A 1989 survey says the club \"has sponsored a county fair each summer since 1954.\" The same 2024 article that reports the 1954 sponsorship also reports a Junior Fair at the horse-show grounds in 1945. What can this site say?", "options": [ "That the county fair began in 1954.", "That the club has sponsored a county fair since 1954, while earlier fairs are separately reported.", "That the 2024 article must be mistaken about 1945." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Each source supports a narrow statement about sponsorship. None of them establishes a first county fair, and one of them reports earlier ones. Sponsorship since 1954 is what the evidence carries; a founding date for \"the fair\" is not.", "claim_id": "C99" }, { "id": "Q04", "question": "A Wayback Machine capture dated 24 February 2012 lists the Berryville Grille; one dated 11 December 2022 still lists it. What do those two dates establish?", "options": [ "That the restaurant opened in February 2012 and closed in December 2022.", "That a listing naming it existed on each of those days.", "That it operated continuously for ten years." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "A capture dates the page, not the business. Two captures bracket a span in which the listing existed; they say nothing about the days between, before or after.", "claim_id": "C107" }, { "id": "Q05", "question": "The Legion's page says Winston Hall was built in 1881; the bank's history says 1884, opening in 1885. Neither cites a record. What should this site do?", "options": [ "Average them, or pick the earlier one.", "Keep both accounts, attributed, and say they differ.", "Drop the building until a deed is found." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Two retrospectives disagree on a date and agree on almost everything else. The honest record carries both, names which says which, and leaves the question open for a dated document.", "claim_id": "C111" }, { "id": "Q06", "question": "The 2013 article on the Miller stand was reprinted in 2025 with a new preface. How many witnesses to the five greenhouses is that?", "options": [ "Two: 2013 and 2025.", "One: the reprint carries the same 2013 account.", "None, because a reprint discredits the original." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "A reprint repeats; it does not confirm. The 2025 preface adds one new thing, the writer's memory of hydroponic tomatoes, and that is recorded as her memory.", "claim_id": "C118" }, { "id": "Q07", "question": "A 1987 survey dates the house \"ca. 1810\"; a 2013 directory says it was \"constructed in 1809 by Benjamin Berry\"; a 2013 article says \"built in 1809\". What should the record say?", "options": [ "Built in 1809, since two sources agree.", "About 1810, on the survey's attribution, with the 1809 statements noted as uncited.", "Nothing, until a deed is found." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Two promotional or interview statements repeating a round date are not two records. The survey is the only inspected source that examined the building, and it hedges. Carry the hedge.", "claim_id": "C121" }, { "id": "Q08", "question": "The article says that in 1976 Blandy decided \"to abandon farming for profit altogether\" and, in the same sentence, leased about 500 acres to a local farmer. Did farming end at Blandy in 1976?", "options": [ "Yes: the decision abandoned farming.", "No: the University stopped farming for its own profit, and a farmer leased most of the land.", "Unknown: the lease may never have been used." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "The qualifier \"for profit\" is the whole meaning. The same sentence records a lease to a farmer and land set aside for farming students. Dropping the qualifier would turn a change of who farmed into an end of farming.", "claim_id": "C136" }, { "id": "Q09", "question": "The 1987 survey dates Hawthorne Hall \"ca. 1820\". A 2017 article, quoting the family who sold it, says the rear was \"presumed\" built around 1795 and the front in 1816. What is the building's date on this site?", "options": [ "1795, the oldest number.", "About 1820, on the survey, with the family's phased dates reported as an account.", "Nobody knows, so none." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "A survey that examined the fabric and hedged is the stronger witness to the date; a family account is real evidence of what the family believed. Both are published, each at its own level.", "claim_id": "C139" }, { "id": "Q10", "question": "A 2019 report calls 23 E. Main \"the historic, two-story former fire station building\". The 1987 survey says its original use was \"office\" and never mentions a fire station. The fire company's own history says a firehouse was built on East Main in 1935 and served as town and police offices from 1958, but prints no street number. What can this site say?", "options": [ "Nothing: the survey settles it.", "That the fire company dates a firehouse and a municipal use, and that the street number comes from the survey, not from the fire company.", "That this address held the fire company for those twenty-three years." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Three sources describe one building and no two of them carry the same identifying detail. The dates come from the fire company; the address comes from the survey. Joining them is a reasonable inference and this site says so out loud rather than printing \"fire station, 1935 to 1958\" as a fact.", "claim_id": "C152" }, { "id": "Q11", "question": "On 10 August 1910 the Clarke Courier reported that the station agent \"expects to move in next Sunday if everything goes well\". What does that date?", "options": [ "The depot opened on the following Sunday.", "What one man expected on one day, and nothing more.", "The end of construction." ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "A projected date is evidence of a projection. Nothing inspected here reports that the move happened, so this site records the construction sequence and leaves the opening day blank rather than promoting an expectation into an event.", "claim_id": "C164" }, { "id": "Q12", "question": "The center published 2025 release rates of 82 percent for amphibians and 58 percent for birds, measured among patients that survived their first 24 hours. What do those rates establish?", "options": [ "How often animals that lived through the first day were released, and nothing about animals that did not.", "That 82 percent of amphibians brought to the center in 2025 were released.", "That birds are harder to treat than amphibians." ], "correct": 0, "explanation": "The denominator is stated, and it excludes every animal that died in the first day. A rate measured on survivors cannot be read as a rate measured on admissions, and comparing two classes says nothing about difficulty without knowing what arrived.", "claim_id": "C267" }, { "id": "Q13", "question": "The April issue announces the Blue Ridge Hunt Point-to-Point for Saturday, April 12, and the June issue announces a Juneteenth celebration for Saturday, June 21. What do those announcements establish?", "options": [ "That both events were scheduled for those dates, and nothing about whether either was held.", "That both events took place on those dates.", "That the paper attended both events." ], "correct": 0, "explanation": "An announcement is printed before the thing happens. Nothing read for this letter reports either day afterwards, so the letter says scheduled. Weather, illness and a hundred other things sit between a printed date and a held event.", "claim_id": "C308" }, { "id": "Q14", "question": "The People's Journal carried Mrs. Josephine Johnson's lunch room advertisement in March 1925 and again in August 1927. What does that establish?", "options": [ "That the same advertisement was running at both dates, and nothing about the months in between.", "That the lunch room traded continuously for two years and five months.", "That the business was named after Josephine City's founder." ], "correct": 0, "explanation": "Two appearances of one advertiser's copy in one newspaper are two points, not an interval. The paper survives for only a handful of the months between them, so nothing in the record speaks to what happened in the gap. The shared given name is a coincidence of naming; no connection to Josephine Williams is claimed anywhere in the sources.", "claim_id": "C64" }, { "id": "Q15", "question": "The Clarke Courier named the organization the County League of Negro schools in 1925; the People's Journal named it the Clarke County School League in 1927. This project treats them as one organization. What kind of statement is that?", "options": [ "An identification made by this project from convergent detail, which either paper could contradict.", "A fact reported by both newspapers.", "A guess, since the two names are different." ], "correct": 0, "explanation": "Neither paper uses the other's name for it, so no source states the identity. It rests on three convergent details — a county-wide body, Black schools in Clarke County, and Rev. E. T. Johnson named president of both — which is why it is recorded as qualified rather than supported. It is neither a reported fact nor a guess: it is an inference with its grounds written down, and it can be overturned by a source that separates the two.", "claim_id": "C83" }, { "id": "Q18", "question": "Hofstra places a line at the Opequon, and Paulding records people calling each other Tuckahoes and Cohees. Why does this page refuse to treat those as the same line?", "options": [ "Because Paulding was writing a century later than Hofstra's chapter", "Because Paulding draws his line at the Blue Ridge, and neither word appears on any Hofstra page held here", "Because Hofstra's book is in copyright and cannot be quoted at length", "Because the Opequon and the Blue Ridge are the same boundary under two names" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Hofstra's line is about settlement and landholding, drawn at the Opequon, in his own vocabulary of west and east Frederick. Paulding's is a naming custom he heard about, drawn at the Blue Ridge, and he says he cannot trace where the words came from. Neither Tuckahoe nor Cohee appears on any of the thirteen pages of Hofstra held here. Merging them would put a vocabulary at a boundary no held source puts it at.", "claim_id": "C344" }, { "id": "Q19", "question": "The Courier says its account of the killing was \"elicited at the inquest\". Why does this page refuse to call that a verdict?", "options": [ "Because the inquest was held at night", "Because an inquest establishes how someone died, and this account ends with no arrest, charge or trial in it", "Because the newspaper is the only surviving source", "Because the names were damaged in the OCR" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "An inquest asks how a person died. It does not try anyone. The item reports what the inquest heard and then says Blakely escaped, so nothing in it decides guilt. Treating a newspaper summary of an inquest as a verdict would convert an account into a finding no court in it ever made. The true bill the Courier reported three weeks later is a charge, and it is not a verdict either.", "claim_id": "C976" }, { "id": "Q20", "question": "The 1881 Courier says the remains are \"probably\" those of Revolutionary soldiers, and the bank's 2006 history says it \"was eventually determined\" that they were. What changed between those two sentences?", "options": [ "A later excavation confirmed the identification", "Nothing in the record: the wording firmed up without new evidence being reported", "The bank located the original burial register", "A historian matched the remains to a muster roll" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "The 1881 item offers the attribution as a probability, and gives as its reason that no one knew when the remains were placed there. The pages of the 2006 history inspected here retell that item closely and present the same attribution as something determined, without naming a source for it. No record between the two has been identified. A phrase can gain confidence in the retelling while the evidence underneath it stays exactly where it was.", "claim_id": "C984" }, { "id": "Q21", "question": "The court valued Mary F. Lewis's losses at $1,002 in 1891, and an 1899 act appropriated $1,002 to her. Why does this page still not say she was paid?", "options": [ "Because the two sums are the same", "Because an appropriation authorizes and directs payment, and no record of the payment itself has been examined", "Because the family essay gives a different amount", "Because the act does not give her case number" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "An appropriation is Congress telling the Treasury to pay. Whether the Treasury did, when, and to whom is recorded elsewhere, in payment records not examined here. A claim, a valuation, an appropriation and a payment are four different things, and this story documents only the first three.", "claim_id": "C994" }, { "id": "Q22", "question": "Gilbert Little told the coroner's inquest one thing and the second trial another. Why does this page still not say which account was true?", "options": [ "Because the judge excluded the earlier statement altogether", "Because the newspaper reports his explanation for the change, and no finding was made about which account was true", "Because he was the prosecution's witness", "Because the jury convicted anyway" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "The Courier reports that Gilbert said his inquest statement was made under the influence of an opiate. That is his explanation, not a finding. Judge Turner let the earlier statement in only to impeach him, expressly not for or against the prisoner, so the court did not resolve it either. A witness's reason for changing his account and the truth of either account are different things.", "claim_id": "C1009" }, { "id": "Q23", "question": "This page says no Captain Jack Warner has been found among Libby’s commissaries. Why does it not say the Courier’s story is false?", "options": [ "Because the Courier was a careful paper and rarely printed anything untrue", "Because not finding a name in the handful of published accounts that were read is not the same as establishing it was never there", "Because the escape method is documented at Libby in other cases", "Because the meeting is known to have happened in Berryville" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Only a few published accounts were read for this page. No prison staff roster and no muster record was consulted. An absence in the sources searched is an open question, not a disproof, so Warner stays unresolved rather than disproved — and the same distinction applies to Captain Gibbs, whose identification is unestablished rather than refuted.", "claim_id": "C1025" }, { "id": "Q24", "question": "The two papers name different people as the owners and hirers of the six men. Why does this page print both lists instead of choosing one?", "options": [ "Because the Dispatch printed its notice first, so its list must be the original", "Because neither list is a record of ownership, and nothing inspected shows which is right or whether names that look alike belong to the same people", "Because the two lists name the same people with different spellings", "Because the Winchester Virginian's own issue confirms both lists" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Both lists are newspaper reports printed in Richmond a day apart, and neither says where its information came from beyond the Whig's credit to the Winchester Virginian. Printing first does not make a notice the source of the other. Choosing one list, or treating Hoard and Hood or Dr. Fisher and Mrs. Elvira Fisher as the same people, would settle by guess what the papers leave open.", "claim_id": "C1031" }, { "id": "Q25", "question": "In 1933 the railway land under a packing house at White Post was leased to J. Ashby Sprint, and in 1931 the Courier named a Sprint packing house at Boyce. Why does this page not say that Ashby Sprint ran the packing house at Boyce?", "options": [ "Because the 1933 notice names someone else as the operator at Boyce", "Because a lease of land at White Post does not show who ran a different house at Boyce, and the harvest report names no operator for it", "Because a packing house on leased land could not be called a Sprint packing house", "Because the 1931 and 1933 reports contradict each other" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "The 1933 notice says only that the land under the White Post packing house was leased to J. Ashby Sprint. It does not say that he ran that house, and it is about White Post, not Boyce. The 1931 report names the Sprint packing house at Boyce without saying who ran it or where it stood. A shared surname and trade do not settle who operated either house.", "claim_id": "C1048" }, { "id": "Q26", "question": "The Courier gives the basket factory about 50 people in 1931, 35 to 40 in 1934 and a weekly payroll of 60 to 70 in 1935. Why does this page not describe a workforce that shrank and then grew?", "options": [ "Because the 1934 figure is a misprint", "Because the figures come from different kinds of report, a count at a reopening, a count at a resumption and a payroll in the harvest season, and the plant stopped and started between them", "Because the 1935 figure includes the silk mill", "Because the 1931 figure was later corrected to 60" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Each figure answers a different question at a different moment: how many were hired when the plant reopened in May 1931, how many when it resumed in April 1934 after a winter idle, and how many were on the payroll in the September harvest of 1935. The plant ran in seasons, so the numbers cannot be joined into a trend. The page image of the 1931 report reads about 50, not 60.", "claim_id": "C1103" }, { "id": "Q27", "question": "The Clarke Courier of 1909 says the Milton Valley Cemetery Company was formed in 1879, while the Josephine City historic-district nomination cites an 1874 deed for the purchase. Why does this page give neither date as settled?", "options": [ "Because the 1909 Courier is known to be wrong about the date", "Because the paper wrote its account thirty years later and names no founder, and the deed the nomination cites has not been read, so nothing here reconciles the two dates", "Because the cemetery was not used for burials until 1897", "Because the 1926 board notice gives a third founding date" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "The 1879 date is the Courier's account, printed three decades after the event, and it names none of the forty-one founders. The 1874 date comes from a deed the nomination cites, which was not read for this story. Until that deed and its related deeds are read, the two dates stand as two different sources' statements.", "claim_id": "C1108" }, { "id": "Q28", "question": "The 1930 contract price was $17,350, the Rosenwald Fund card gives a total of $20,900, the patrons' building was backed by $8,000 in bonds, and they pledged $500 a year. Why does this page not add these figures together?", "options": [ "Because some of the figures are misprints", "Because they measure different things: a contract price, a fund's recorded project cost, a bond backing and a yearly pledge, and the card is only probably the Training School's", "Because the Rosenwald Fund paid the whole cost", "Because the $500 was collected only once, in 1939" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "Each figure answers a different question in a different record. The contract is what the builders were to be paid, the card is the Rosenwald Fund's account of a \"Berryville School\" that is probably but not certainly this building, the bonds backed the patrons' promise, and the $500 was a yearly pledge. Adding them would count some of the same money twice and join records that are not shown to describe the same thing.", "claim_id": "C1133" }, { "id": "Q29", "question": "On May 7, 1942 the Courier printed 1,428 sugar registrations for Monday and 2,308 for Tuesday, and a total of 3,726. The two days add up to 3,736. What does this page do with the difference?", "options": [ "It corrects the total to 3,736", "It corrects Tuesday's figure to 2,298", "It gives the figures as printed and says they do not add up, without guessing which one is wrong", "It leaves the figures out" ], "correct": 2, "explanation": "The page image prints all three figures, and nothing in the report says which one is off. Correcting any of them would be a guess, so the story keeps the paper's figures and names the ten-person difference. The final county count was not checked.", "claim_id": "C1160" }, { "id": "Q30", "question": "In May 1944 E. T. Johnson invited friends to say farewell to \"the last sacrificial effort through pageants.\" What does that notice show about the League's building bond?", "options": [ "That the bond had been paid off that spring", "Nothing about the bond: it announces the last pageants before Johnson's retirement, and no report was found that the bond was paid off, refinanced or taken over by the county", "That the county School Board took over the bond when Johnson retired", "That the bond was refinanced in 1941, when the school was renamed" ], "correct": 1, "explanation": "\"Last\" is Johnson's word for the pageants he had led for twenty years, printed in an announcement. It does not mention the bond. The League's notices from 1930 to 1939 show a bond still being met and a $500 payment each year, and a search of the Courier through 1948 found no report that the bond was retired. The School Board's minutes, not yet read, are where an answer might be.", "claim_id": "C1222" } ], "media": [ { "id": "M01", "title": "Josephine City School, photographed in 2013", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Cecouchman (C. E. Couchman per file metadata)", "source_id": "S40", "illustrates_story": "josephine", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Photographed in 2013, not a historical photograph: it shows the school building as it stood then, long after the events in this story.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the self-published license template for cc-by-sa-3.0, with the source given as own work, and the file metadata records that attribution is required.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Cecouchman, April 26, 2013, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.", "alt": "A one-story stuccoed building with a steep standing-seam metal roof and a red brick chimney, seen from the front left in bright spring sunlight. Two tall multi-pane windows and a pair of narrow doors face the camera, all trimmed in dark green, with a small gooseneck lamp above the doors. A gabled wing extends to the right. Pine trunks stand in the foreground and mown grass with dandelions runs up to the wall.", "changes": "Scaled from 3072 by 2048 pixels down to 1600 by 1067 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/josephine-city-school-2013.jpg", "date": { "start": "2013-04-26", "end": "2013-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M02", "title": "Berryville Sanborn map, 1891, plate 1", "medium": "map", "creator": "Creator not identified in the reviewed catalog record", "source_id": "S41", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: the Wikimedia Commons file page carries the PD-US-expired template, for a work whose United States copyright has expired. The source given is the Library of Congress.", "rights_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Berryville,_Clark_County,_Virginia,_1891,_Plate_0001.jpg", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Sanborn-Perris Map Co., \"Berryville, Clark Co., Va.\", June 1891, plate 1. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.", "alt": "A color fire insurance map sheet of Berryville, Virginia, dated June 1891. Twelve numbered blocks show building footprints tinted yellow for frame, pink for brick and blue for stone, with Buckmarsh, Academy, Church and Main lettered along the streets between them. The Clarke County court house, the jail and a court yard with a compass rose sit near the center. Outlying blocks carry the American Iron Works, Thompson and Ogden's planing mill and G. C. Thomas's carriage manufactory. A printed key and a scale bar of fifty feet to an inch sit at the lower right, and the title block at the upper right gives the population as 990.", "changes": "Scaled from 6450 by 7650 pixels down to 2400 by 2847 and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/berryville-sanborn-1891-plate-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1891", "end": "1891", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M04", "title": "Clermont Farm, photographed in 2011", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Betsy Fields", "source_id": "S172", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "clermont-foundation", "illustration_caption": "Clermont Farm on East Main Street in Berryville, photographed in 2011. The Clermont Foundation operates the farm; the land and buildings belong to the Commonwealth, through the Department of Historic Resources. The organization and the property are two separate records here, and this picture is of the property.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the cc-by-sa-3.0 template, with the source given as own work and the author as Betsy Fields.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Betsy Fields, September 27, 2011, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.", "alt": "A long white weatherboarded farmhouse on mown grass under an overcast sky, seen from across the lawn. Its wood-shingled roof carries two dormers and two chimneys, one of brick at the near end and one of stone further along, and a lower wing runs off to the right. A porch on the near wing is edged with straw bales and two pumpkins, and several visitors stand under it. A large tree rises in front of the house, a wooden gate and two pots of chrysanthemums stand to the right, and a rutted track curves across the grass toward the camera.", "changes": "Scaled from 4288 by 2848 pixels down to 1600 by 1063 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/clermont-farm-2011.jpg", "date": { "start": "2011-09-27", "end": "2011-09-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M05", "title": "Burwell-Morgan Mill, photographed in 2022", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "APK (Wikimedia Commons user name; no further identification on the file page)", "source_id": "S173", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "clarke-county-historical-association", "illustration_caption": "The Burwell-Morgan Mill at Millwood, photographed in 2022. The Clarke County Historical Association owns and operates the mill, and the board fixed to the stonework carries the association's name. Its history center and archive are at a separate address in Berryville and are not shown here.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the cc-by-sa-4.0 template, with the source given as own work and the author as User:APK.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user APK, March 2, 2022. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.", "alt": "A two-storey mill building stands close to a road under a blue sky with broken cloud. Its lower storey is coursed rubble limestone pierced by small barred windows and a low arched doorway with a plank door; the upper storey is clad in weatherboard painted dark green, with three twelve-pane sash windows. A steep grey shingled roof runs the length of the building and a stone chimney rises at the far gable. A painted board on the stonework reads Burwell-Morgan Mill, est. 1782, Clarke County Historical Association, and a millstone leans against the wall beside it. A split-rail fence crosses the foreground at the left and a utility pole and wires stand at the right.", "changes": "Scaled from 2048 by 1534 pixels down to 1600 by 1198 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/burwell-morgan-mill-2022.jpg", "date": { "start": "2022-03-02", "end": "2022-03-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M06", "title": "A fiddler at the Barns of Rose Hill, photographed in 2012", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Reed George", "source_id": "S174", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "barns-of-rose-hill", "illustration_caption": "Dave Van Deventer of The Woodshedders playing at the Barns of Rose Hill in January 2012, in the photographer's description of his own picture. This shows the organization's work — a concert it put on — and not its building: no photograph of the barns themselves has been found under a license that permits republication.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the cc-by-sa-2.0 template, with the source given as a Flickr photograph by the author, Reed George, and a license review recorded as passed on transfer.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Reed George, January 14, 2012, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0.", "alt": "A monochrome photograph of a fiddler leaning in to a microphone on a stand, seen in three-quarter profile from his left. He wears a dark trilby with a striped band over collar-length dark hair, and has a moustache and a short beard. A dark violin is tucked under his chin and the bow is drawn across the strings, his left hand high on the fingerboard at the right of the frame. A microphone cable loops down in front of him. Behind him is a wall of wide horizontal boards with an upright post at the right; no sign, window or lettering is visible.", "changes": "Scaled from 4592 by 3448 pixels down to 1600 by 1201 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added. The photograph is monochrome as the photographer made it, not converted here", "display_path": "/assets/media/barns-of-rose-hill-woodshedders-2012.jpg", "date": { "start": "2012-01-14", "end": "2012-01-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M07", "title": "An adult bald eagle on ice, Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge, 2014", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "USFWS Mountain Prairie", "source_id": "S197", "illustrates_story": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A bald eagle photographed in South Dakota in 2014. Not a patient and not a Clarke County bird: it is a reference photograph of the species that appears most often in the center's published case notes, usually with lead in its blood.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain as a work of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency of the federal government. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the PD-USGov-FWS template, read on 2026-09-11. No permission is required and no license conditions attach.", "rights_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-USGov-FWS", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by USFWS Mountain Prairie, March 13, 2014, via Wikimedia Commons. A work of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in the public domain.", "alt": "An adult bald eagle stands in profile on flat grey ice, head turned to the left. Its head and tail are white, its body and folded wings dark brown, its hooked beak and its feet yellow with black talons. A thin film of meltwater around the feet throws back a faint reflection.", "changes": "Scaled from the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer down to 1,600 by 1,200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/bald-eagle-usfws-2014.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-03-13", "end": "2014-03-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M08", "title": "A female wood turtle carrying a radio transmitter, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, 2010", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Colin Osborn / USFWS", "source_id": "S198", "illustrates_story": "blue-ridge-wildlife-center-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A wood turtle photographed in New Jersey in 2010, tracked for a refuge study. This is not Jesse and not an animal of this center: it is a reference photograph of her species, which is the one that stayed.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain as a work of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency of the federal government. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the PD-USGov-FWS template, read on 2026-09-11. No permission is required and no license conditions attach.", "rights_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-USGov-FWS", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Colin Osborn, US Fish and Wildlife Service, May 25, 2010, via Wikimedia Commons. A work of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in the public domain.", "alt": "A wood turtle stands in profile on bare sandy soil against blurred green grass. Its low grey-brown shell is sculpted into raised pyramids on each plate, its neck and legs are orange-red, and its dark head is stretched forward. A slender radio antenna trails back from a white block of adhesive at the rear of the shell.", "changes": "Scaled from the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer down to 1,600 by 1,200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/wood-turtle-usfws-2010.jpg", "date": { "start": "2010-05-25", "end": "2010-05-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M15", "title": "Downtown Berryville shopfronts, photographed in 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Carol M. Highsmith", "source_id": "S253", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "berryville", "illustration_caption": "Shopfronts in downtown Berryville, photographed by Carol M. Highsmith in November 2019.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph of the town as it looked in 2019, not in any period described on this page. The photographer's title names no street, building or business, and none is named here.", "rights_statement": "No known restrictions on publication: the rights advisory on the Library of Congress item record, read on September 14, 2026. The photograph is in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive at the Library of Congress.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2020724163/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith, November 12, 2019. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIG-highsm-60961.", "alt": "A row of three two-story commercial buildings along a street in late-afternoon sun, with overhead power lines crossing a blue sky. The building at left has a tan upper facade above maroon clapboard, and its shop windows hold costumes and a green poster, with two wooden benches on the sidewalk in front. The middle building is cream-colored with a bracketed cornice and blue curtains in its shop windows, and the building at right has a pale blue upper story with white trim. Parking meters stand along the curb, a double yellow line runs along the road at lower right, and trees and a picnic table on a lawn are at the far right.", "changes": "Shown at the 1,024 by 793 pixels of the Library of Congress reference image, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the embedded metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/berryville-downtown-highsmith-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-11-12", "end": "2019-11-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M16", "title": "Clarke County courthouse in Berryville, photographed in 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Carol M. Highsmith", "source_id": "S254", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "clarke-county", "illustration_caption": "The Clarke County courthouse in Berryville, photographed by Carol M. Highsmith in November 2019.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph of the courthouse as it stood in 2019. The Library of Congress title for it gives a construction date that comes from the photographer and has not been checked here, so no date is given. It is not evidence for any figure on this page.", "rights_statement": "No known restrictions on publication: the rights advisory on the Library of Congress item record, read on September 14, 2026. The photograph is in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive at the Library of Congress.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2020724161/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith, November 12, 2019. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIG-highsm-60959.", "alt": "A red brick courthouse of two stories under a clear blue sky, fronted by a white portico of four tall columns that carries a pediment with a half-round fanlight. An octagonal white cupola with louvered openings rises from the roof. The windows have black shutters, a small white plaque hangs beside the central door, and a white sign stands on the lawn. A black iron fence and rounded boxwood shrubs line the front, a bare tree holding a few red leaves stands at right, and a lower building with white trim adjoins at the far right.", "changes": "Shown at the 943 by 1,024 pixels of the Library of Congress reference image, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the embedded metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-county-courthouse-highsmith-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-11-12", "end": "2019-11-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M17", "title": "Burwell Mill at Millwood, Historic American Buildings Survey photograph", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Historic American Buildings Survey (photographer not named)", "source_id": "S255", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "millwood", "illustration_caption": "The Burwell Mill at Millwood, in a Historic American Buildings Survey photograph.", "context_disclosure": "An undated survey photograph of one building in Millwood. The Library of Congress names no photographer and no date for it, only that the survey documentation was compiled after 1933. It shows the mill and the road beside it, not the rest of the community, its school or its people.", "rights_statement": "Public domain as a work made for the U.S. Government. The Library of Congress rights statement for the Historic American Buildings Survey says the survey's photographs were created for the U.S. Government and are considered to be in the public domain, and that material from another source is marked by a line crediting that source. The item record, read on September 14, 2026, gives the advisory \"No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government\" and shows no such line.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA-354. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS VA,22-MILWO,1-& 2-.", "alt": "A black-and-white photograph of a tall stone mill beside a curving dirt road. The mill has three stories and an attic under a steep roof, rows of small square windows in its gable end, a raised doorway with a small wooden stoop, and a low dark arched opening at the base. Its long side wall, turned toward the left, is paler than the gable, a chimney rises at the far end of the roof, and a low shed stands against the right side. At left, a white board fence with a gate runs along the road toward a two-story frame house with a porch, and trees stand in front of a wooded hill.", "changes": "The black film border and the number 329 written in it were cut away, keeping only the photograph inside the border: the rectangle from x 53 to 986 and y 48 to 595 of the Library's 1,024 by 643 pixel reference image, kept at those 933 by 547 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/burwell-mill-millwood-habs.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M18", "title": "Hawthorne Building on the Berryville Sanborn map, March 1921", "medium": "map", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company", "source_id": "S256", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "hawthorne-hall", "illustration_caption": "Hawthorne Building footprint labeled on Sanborn Fire Insurance sheet, Berryville, March 1921. Marked MEDICAL SCHOOL and CLINIC in this survey.", "context_disclosure": "This shows only the fire-insurance surveyor's 1921 record of building footprint, construction, and recorded use. It is not a photograph, does not prove present-day identity, and does not establish whether today's building matches the 1921 footprint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain. The Library of Congress states that the content of its online Sanborn Maps Collection is in the public domain and is free to use and reuse; read on the item record and on the collection's rights and access page on September 14, 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-maps/about-this-collection/rights-and-access/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Sanborn Map Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, March 1921, sheet 2. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Sanborn Maps Collection.", "alt": "A detail of a hand-colored fire insurance map. At its center is a block tinted pink, the Sanborn color for brick, lettered HAWTHORNE B'L'D'G along its top edge and divided into sections marked 2B, 2, MEDICAL SCHOOL and CLINIC, with the numbers 352 and 35 beside it. To its right are a smaller pink building crossed by an X and marked AUTO REPAIR'G and CEM'T FL., and two small yellow sheds marked AUTO. Above it stand a blue building marked D. and TEA HO., yellow outbuildings and a small yellow Gift Shop. Dashed lines marked 6\" W. PIPE and 8\" W. PIPE run through the open ground, lot numbers run along the frontages, and the street name N. BUCKMARSH is printed at lower right.", "changes": "A detail cut from the Library of Congress scan of the whole sheet, which is 6,450 by 7,650 pixels: the rectangle from x 2,080 to 4,105 and y 780 to 1,975, kept at those 2,025 by 1,195 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched, recolored or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/hawthorne-building-sanborn-1921.jpg", "date": { "start": "1921-03", "end": "1921-03", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M19", "title": "Winston Hall on the Berryville Sanborn map, March 1921", "medium": "map", "creator": "Sanborn Map Company", "source_id": "S256", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "winston-hall", "illustration_caption": "Winston Hall footprint labeled on Sanborn Fire Insurance sheet, Berryville, March 1921. Marked Gen'l S. in this survey.", "context_disclosure": "This shows only the fire-insurance surveyor's 1921 record of building footprint, construction, and recorded use. It is not a photograph, and it does not show what the building looked like or what took place in the hall.", "rights_statement": "Public domain. The Library of Congress states that the content of its online Sanborn Maps Collection is in the public domain and is free to use and reuse; read on the item record and on the collection's rights and access page on September 14, 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-maps/about-this-collection/rights-and-access/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Sanborn Map Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, March 1921, sheet 2. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Sanborn Maps Collection.", "alt": "A detail of a hand-colored fire insurance map. A row of buildings tinted pink, the Sanborn color for brick, is lettered BANK OF CLARKE COUNTY at the top, then D. and Gro., and below them the largest, WINSTON HALL, with Gen'l S. beneath the name and a narrow strip marked OPEN 1ST along its right side. Pairs of numbers down the left edge begin 339, 338, 337, 336 and 335. Across the top are more pink buildings marked Barber, Cigars, Impl'ts, Gro., Off. and Ins. Off., with a small yellow ICE CREAM FACTORY and an IMPL'T SHED behind them. The street name N. CHURCH is printed at top right, and a lane lettered ALLEY runs down the right side past part of a brick building marked JAIL.", "changes": "A detail cut from the Library of Congress scan of the whole sheet, which is 6,450 by 7,650 pixels: the rectangle from x 2,205 to 3,860 and y 4,176 to 5,386, kept at those 1,655 by 1,210 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched, recolored or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/winston-hall-sanborn-1921.jpg", "date": { "start": "1921-03", "end": "1921-03", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M20", "title": "Boyce Station, photographed in 2012", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Acroterion (Wikimedia Commons user name; no further identification on the file page)", "source_id": "S257", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "boyce-railway-depot", "illustration_caption": "The railway station at Boyce, photographed in September 2012.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph of the station as it stood in 2012. Nothing in the frame dates the building, and it is not the Berryville passenger depot, which was a different building in a different town.", "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Acroterion.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Acroterion, September 11, 2012. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.", "alt": "A long one-story white railway station beside a track under a clear blue sky. Its standing-seam metal roof is hipped, with deep eaves, a long dormer holding a row of small windows, a smaller dormer further along and a brick chimney. A projecting bay breaks the front wall, and multi-pane windows alternate with dark doors, some behind folding metal gates. A small sign reading BOYCE hangs under the eaves at the left end. Gravel ballast and rails run across the foreground, wooden utility poles carry wires at left and right, and tall trees in full leaf rise behind the building.", "changes": "Scaled from 4786 by 2502 pixels down to 1600 by 836, converted from the Adobe RGB color profile embedded in the file to sRGB so its colors display as the file defines them, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/boyce-station-2012.jpg", "date": { "start": "2012-09-11", "end": "2012-09-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M21", "title": "The ginkgo grove at the State Arboretum of Virginia, photographed in 2018", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Linda M Morgan", "source_id": "S258", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "blandy-experimental-farm", "illustration_caption": "The ginkgo grove at the State Arboretum of Virginia, at Blandy Experimental Farm, in November 2018.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph of the arboretum as it looked in 2018. The grove is a planted collection, and the picture is not evidence about the farm's working history or anything else described on this page.", "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Linda M Morgan.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Linda M Morgan, November 3, 2018, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.", "alt": "A grove of tall ginkgo trees in full yellow autumn leaf, their pale trunks standing in loose rows across a sunlit lawn. Fallen yellow leaves cover the grass under long shadows, and one dark trunk rises close to the camera at center. A wooden bench stands at the right edge, a few people and a dog walk in the distance at right, and patches of blue sky and dark evergreens show through at the far right.", "changes": "Scaled from 5248 by 2952 pixels down to 1600 by 900 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata, including its location tag, dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/blandy-ginkgo-grove-2018.jpg", "date": { "start": "2018-11-03", "end": "2018-11-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M22", "title": "Sign outside the former Josephine City School, photographed in 2013", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Cecouchman (C. E. Couchman per file metadata)", "source_id": "S259", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": "josephine-school", "illustration_caption": "A sign outside the former Josephine City School, photographed in April 2013.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph of a sign, not of the school building. The sign's text is legible here, but it has not been checked against the sources for this page, and nothing on this page rests on it.", "rights_statement": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Cecouchman.", "rights_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photograph by Cecouchman, April 26, 2013, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.", "alt": "A white sign shaped like the front of a house, with a pointed top and a dark border, stands on two black posts against a textured cream stucco wall. Its heading reads THE SCHOOLS OF JOSEPHINE CITY in bold capital letters, and a paragraph of smaller type about the schools' history fills the rest of the sign. At upper left, a multi-pane window reflects the branches of a tree.", "changes": "Scaled from 2971 by 1981 pixels down to 1600 by 1067 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/josephine-city-school-sign-2013.jpg", "date": { "start": "2013-04-26", "end": "2013-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M122", "title": "The stone farmhouse at 420 Rock Hall Farm Lane", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S440", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From a real-estate listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its copyright holder is not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/420-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/16853404", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A two-story house of pale fieldstone with a red front door stands at the far end of a sloping lawn, framed by tall shade trees and a flagpole. Gray limestone outcrops break through the grass in the foreground, rounded boxwoods sit along the house front, and a plank fence runs off to the left.", "changes": "Scaled from 1280 pixels wide down to 1200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the file metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added; the Bright MLS mark is kept. The original is preserved unaltered", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-farmhouse-420.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M123", "title": "The stone farmhouse at 420 Rock Hall Farm Lane, with its lower wing", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S440", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the 2020 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its copyright holder is not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/420-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/16853404", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The same fieldstone farmhouse seen at an angle past a large lichen-covered rock, showing the two-story main block with its standing-seam metal roof and stone chimney and a lower stone wing to the right, half hidden behind a purple-leaved tree and rounded boxwood shrubs.", "changes": "Scaled from 1280 pixels wide down to 1200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the file metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added; the Bright MLS mark is kept. The original is preserved unaltered", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-farmhouse-420-side.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M125", "title": "Turnpike notice naming John Sprint's Hotel, Millwood, in the Clarke Courier of September 13, 1877", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S476", "illustrates_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike company called its stockholders to John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood, for October 1, 1877. Clarke Courier, September 13, 1877, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1877, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image, with the site owner's authorization of September 24, 2026 for Our Clarke's Sprint and Bellview presentation.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1877-09-13/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 13, 1877, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper notice under the display heading \"Turnpike Notice.\" Its paragraph calls the stockholders of the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike Road to a meeting at John Sprint's Hotel, in Millwood, at 12 o'clock on Monday, October 1, 1877, to elect a president and directors. It is signed \"By order of the President, J. E. Page,\" with the printer's mark \"sep6 4t\" at lower left.", "changes": "A clipping cut from the Library of Congress page image when the project's source packet was assembled, shown at the clipping's own 823 by 580 pixels: not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG with the file metadata dropped. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/sprint-hotel-turnpike-notice-1877.jpg", "date": { "start": "1877-09-13", "end": "1877-09-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M126", "title": "J. W. Sprint & Son phosphate advertisement in the Clarke Courier of September 14, 1882", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S477", "illustrates_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "J. W. Sprint & Son of Boyce advertised phosphates to neighboring farmers in 1882. Clarke Courier, September 14, 1882, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1882, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image, with the site owner's authorization of September 24, 2026 for Our Clarke's Sprint and Bellview presentation.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1882-09-14/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 14, 1882, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper advertisement headed \"Phosphates! Phosphates!\" in large type. It offers Popplein Silicated Phosphate, \"The Model\" Ammoniated Bone Phosphate with a table of its analysis in per cent, and Piedmont Guanos, says the brands were tested by farmers in the immediate vicinity, and closes with the signature \"J. W. Sprint & Son, Boyce, Va.\" and the printer's mark \"sept.7 6t\".", "changes": "A clipping cut from the Library of Congress page image when the project's source packet was assembled, shown at the clipping's own 872 by 1,363 pixels: not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG with the file metadata dropped. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/sprint-phosphates-advertisement-1882.jpg", "date": { "start": "1882-09-14", "end": "1882-09-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M127", "title": "The Sprint packing house at Boyce in the Clarke Courier's harvest report of November 19, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S486", "illustrates_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's 1931 harvest report named the Sprint packing house at Boyce separately from the White Post plant. It does not say who ran it.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner's authorization of September 24, 2026 for Our Clarke's Sprint and Bellview presentation. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-11-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 19, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Six lines of a narrow newspaper column in heavy type. They read that, in addition to three larger plants, Petley and Cather, of Winchester operated a packing plant at White Post, and that the Sprint packing house at Boyce packed a large run from that neighborhood; the last line begins the next sentence with \"There are\".", "changes": "A detail of the clipping cut from the Library of Congress page image when the project's source packet was assembled: the rectangle from y 2,050 to 2,287 across the clipping's full 813-pixel width, kept at those 813 by 237 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG with the file metadata dropped. The rest of the report is on the Library of Congress page. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/apple-harvest-report-1931-detail.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-11-19", "end": "1931-11-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M128", "title": "Commissioners' sale of the Sprint farm in the Clarke Courier of October 1, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S491", "illustrates_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The farm advertised in 1936: 306 acres about half a mile west of Boyce, with about 25 acres in bearing orchard.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner's authorization of September 24, 2026 for Our Clarke's Sprint and Bellview presentation. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-10-01/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 1, 1936, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Part of a newspaper sale advertisement. Under the display lines \"Friday, Oct. 23rd, 1936\" and \"At 2 o'clock P. M.\" it describes a tract of 306 acres, more or less, in Greenway District, about one-half mile west of Boyce, with a dwelling house, tenant house, large bank barn and about 25 acres in bearing orchard, devised under B. F. Humston's will to Mamie R. Sprint for life with remainder to her children.", "changes": "A detail of the clipping cut from the Library of Congress page image when the project's source packet was assembled: the rectangle from y 740 to 1,600 across the clipping's full 812-pixel width, kept at those 812 by 860 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG with the file metadata dropped. The heading, the decree, the terms of sale and the signatures are on the Library of Congress page. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/sprint-farm-sale-1936-detail.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-10-01", "end": "1936-10-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M129", "title": "The cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in falling snow, January 7, 2020", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S523", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A two-story log cabin in falling snow, with pale chinking, a stone chimney and a covered front porch.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2048 pixels square down to 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-snow-2020.jpg", "date": { "start": "2020-01-07", "end": "2020-01-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M130", "title": "Michael Oak and Jennifer Riley on the porch of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S523", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it and approved its release naming both people shown, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "Michael Oak and Jennifer Riley standing together on the covered porch of the log cabin.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1925 pixels wide down to 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-porch.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M131", "title": "Trustee’s sale notice of the Hardesty home tract in the Clarke Courier of June 6, 1872", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S524", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Detail of the Library of Congress page scan, unaltered.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1872. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1872-06-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 6, 1872, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A column of newspaper type announcing a public auction in front of the Court House in Berryville on Wednesday, June 12, 1872, of about 200 acres on the Winchester and Berryville turnpike. Bold lines read “ABOUT 200 ACRES” and “Comfortable Dwelling House,” and a smaller line below continues “an overseer’s house and other improvements” before the terms of sale.", "changes": "A detail cut from the Library of Congress page scan (IIIF region 1037,5974,887,1124), shown at its own 887 by 1124 pixels: not scaled, and byte for byte the file reproduced as RHF-01 in the accepted Rock Hall evidence PDF. Nothing retouched or added", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-notice-1872.jpg", "date": { "start": "1872-06-06", "end": "1872-06-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M132", "title": "The Rock Hall farmstead in a U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph of April 17, 1972 (frame 1VCZM00050005)", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "U.S. Geological Survey", "source_id": "S525", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Turned so north is roughly at the top, cropped and enlarged with nearest-neighbour resampling; no sharpening or marker.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "U.S. Geological Survey EROS Aerial Photo Single Frames, reproduced on the EarthExplorer reuse policy. No item-specific license is shown in the held receipt for this frame.", "rights_url": "https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Aerial Photo Single Frames, frame 1VCZM00050005, April 17, 1972.", "alt": "A grainy black-and-white aerial view of fields divided by darker lines of trees and hedgerows. A pale track runs down from the upper right to a small cluster of light and dark shapes near the center, and a row of small buildings lines the upper left edge.", "changes": "Rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise and cropped from the retained scan to [4520,6005,4870,6455]. The prepared original is that crop enlarged three times with nearest-neighbour resampling, pixel for pixel the image reproduced as RHF-11 in the accepted Rock Hall evidence PDF; the served copy shows the same crop scaled to two times (700 by 900 pixels), also nearest-neighbour, to stay within the site’s image-size limit. Saved as PNG without metadata. No sharpening, enhancement or marker", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-aerial-1972.png", "date": { "start": "1972-04-17", "end": "1972-04-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M133", "title": "Notice of the planned unveiling of the Milton Valley Cemetery stockholders' monument, Clarke Courier, June 30, 1909", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S526", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier announced the unveiling of a monument to the cemetery company's original stockholders for July 8, 1909, and told how forty-one founders bought the ground. Clarke Courier, June 30, 1909, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1909, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1909-06-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 30, 1909, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Colored People to Unveil Monument.\" Three paragraphs announce a gathering on Thursday, July 8, to unveil a monument costing about $200 to the original stockholders of the Milton Valley Cemetery, tell how forty-one founders formed the company in 1879 and bought three acres from Mr. Engle, and say guests from Washington were invited.", "changes": "The retained PNG image of 1040 by 1570 pixels, not scaled and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/notice-of-the-planned-unveiling-of-the-milton-valley-cemetery-stockhol.jpg", "date": { "start": "1909-06-30", "end": "1909-06-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M134", "title": "Milton Valley Cemetery advertisement in the People's Journal of June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The company offered burial sites \"at reasonable terms\" and announced its monument to the stockholders, under a display line in large capitals. People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A newspaper advertisement headed \"Milton Valley Cemetery\" in heavy condensed type. Its text offers sites for burials at reasonable terms and says the company has erected a beautiful monument; the words \"A MONUMENT\" stand alone on a line in large capitals, followed by \"in honor to the Stock-holders and their beloved dead. Everybody help in this good work,\" and the signature of G. W. Lightfoot, Sec, of Berryville, Va.", "changes": "A detail of the retained window screenshot of Virginia Chronicle's page viewer (2652 by 1704 pixels): the rectangle from x 1280 to 2040 and y 450 to 1620, which leaves out the browser window, the viewer controls and the neighboring columns, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/milton-valley-cemetery-advertisement-in-the-people-s-journal-of-june-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M135", "title": "Obituary of George William Lightfoot, Clarke Courier, December 4, 1924", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S527", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "George William Lightfoot's obituary named him among the directorate of the Milton Valley Cemetery Company. Clarke Courier, December 4, 1924, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1924, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-12-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 4, 1924, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper obituary under a two-line headline, reporting that George William Lightfoot died on Thursday evening, November 27, at his home, that he had been principal of the local Black public school for a number of years, that his name appeared among the directorate of the Milton Valley Cemetery Company, and that he belonged to St. Mary's Episcopal Church.", "changes": "The retained PNG image of 960 by 890 pixels, not scaled and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/obituary-of-george-william-lightfoot-clarke-courier-december-4-1924.jpg", "date": { "start": "1924-12-04", "end": "1924-12-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M136", "title": "Cemetery Board notice under the heading \"Milton Valley Cemetery Company,\" People's Journal, July 1, 1926", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S69", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Under the company's heading, the Cemetery Board asked every lot holder to pay a yearly $1.00 assessment. People's Journal, July 1, 1926, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1926, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19260701.1.4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), July 1, 1926, page 4. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A newspaper notice headed \"NOTICE!\" and \"Milton Valley Cemetery COMPANY.\" It announces that under a law in effect since 1922 every lot holder is taxed $1.00 per year, asks each to pay the assessment, and is signed Mrs. M. C. Young, Sec.; Joseph Lincoln, Tres.; and H. Blackburn, Pres.", "changes": "A detail of the retained window screenshot of Virginia Chronicle's page viewer (2652 by 1704 pixels): the rectangle from x 1530 to 2290 and y 520 to 1510, which leaves out the browser window, the viewer controls and the neighboring columns, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/cemetery-board-notice-under-the-heading-milton-valley-cemetery-company.jpg", "date": { "start": "1926-07-01", "end": "1926-07-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M137", "title": "Card of thanks from B. R. Blackburn, Clarke Courier, May 19, 1897", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S528", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "B. R. Blackburn thanked friends \"white and colored\" after the death of a daughter, Ellen C. Blackburn, buried in Milton Valley Cemetery. Clarke Courier, May 19, 1897, p. 3.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1897, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1897-05-19/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 19, 1897, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper notice headed \"A Card.\" in which B. R. Blackburn thanks the many friends, white and colored, who helped during the illness of a daughter, Ellen C. Blackburn, who died May 15, 1897, aged about 16; it names the funeral at the F. B. Church and says her remains were deposited in the Milton Valley Cemetery.", "changes": "The retained PNG image of 950 by 645 pixels, not scaled and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/card-of-thanks-from-b-r-blackburn-clarke-courier-may-19-1897.jpg", "date": { "start": "1897-05-19", "end": "1897-05-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M138", "title": "Report of the death of Helan Fields, Clarke Courier, April 25, 1917", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S529", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Helan Fields died at her son's home in Cairo, Illinois; her remains were to be brought home for burial at Milton Valley. Clarke Courier, April 25, 1917, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1917, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-04-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 25, 1917, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Death of Aged Colored Woman.\" It reports that Helan Fields, named with a period form of address, an old and well-known woman who had lived nearly all her life in the community, died at the home of her son, Dr. William H. Fields, in Cairo, Illinois, and that her remains would be brought back for interment in Milton Valley Cemetery.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1300 by 1700 pixels): the rectangle from x 360 to 1040 and y 810 to 1350, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-death-of-helan-fields-clarke-courier-april-25-1917.jpg", "date": { "start": "1917-04-25", "end": "1917-04-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M139", "title": "Report of the burial of Edward Jones, Clarke Courier, February 8, 1923", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S271", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Edward Jones, 26, a World War veteran who had been gassed at the front, died in Detroit; his father brought him home to Milton Valley. Clarke Courier, February 8, 1923, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-02-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 8, 1923, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Colored War Veteran Is Buried Here.\" It reports that Edward Jones, 26, who served in the World War and was gassed at the front, died in Detroit after the grip and tuberculosis, and was buried in Milton Valley Cemetery, and that his father, Isaac H. Jones, then working in Detroit, brought the body home.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1300 by 1700 pixels): the rectangle from x 160 to 820 and y 680 to 1450, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-burial-of-edward-jones-clarke-courier-february-8-1923.jpg", "date": { "start": "1923-02-08", "end": "1923-02-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M140", "title": "Report of the funeral of Lewis Myers, Clarke Courier, February 7, 1935", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S532", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The funeral of Lewis Myers, and a burial at Milton Valley in charge of the Black lodge of the Knights of Pythias. Clarke Courier, February 7, 1935, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. Published in 1935; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-02-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 7, 1935, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item under a two-line headline that names Lewis Myers with a period form of address and reads \"Dead; Respected Here.\" It reports that the aged and well-known Berryville man died Saturday at his home on East Main Street, names his sister and half-brother and his long-time employer, and says the funeral was conducted at St. Luke's Baptist Church by the Rev. E. T. Johnson, with interment in the Milton Valley Cemetery in charge of the colored lodge of the Knights of Pythias, of which he was an active member.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (950 by 2200 pixels): the rectangle from x 115 to 905 and y 160 to 1370, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-funeral-of-lewis-myers-clarke-courier-february-7-1935.jpg", "date": { "start": "1935-02-07", "end": "1935-02-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M141", "title": "\"Legion Service 5 P. M. Friday\": the Memorial Day announcement in the Clarke Courier of May 28, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S530", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Lloyd Williams Post planned to go on from Green Hill to Milton Valley and place flowers on the graves of the Black soldiers buried there. Clarke Courier, May 28, 1931, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-05-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 28, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"LEGION SERVICE 5 P. M. FRIDAY,\" with the subhead \"Memorial Service At Cemetery, Rev. Vanderlinden To Make Address.\" It announces that the Lloyd Williams Post and its Woman's Auxiliary will hold a memorial service at Green Hill Cemetery on Friday afternoon, May 29, then proceed to the Milton Valley Cemetery and place flowers on the graves of the soldiers buried there, with Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts assisting and a National Guard firing squad, and it begins to list the program.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (950 by 2100 pixels): the rectangle from x 110 to 950 and y 90 to 2100, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/legion-service-5-p-m-friday-the-memorial-day-announcement-in-the-clark.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-05-28", "end": "1931-05-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M142", "title": "Report of the Memorial Day exercises at Milton Valley Cemetery, Clarke Courier, May 31, 1934", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S531", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's account of Memorial Day exercises at Milton Valley, led by the Rev. E. T. Johnson. Clarke Courier, May 31, 1934, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. Published in 1934; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-05-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 31, 1934, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Two paragraphs of a newspaper column describing the Memorial Day exercises at Milton Valley Cemetery in Josephine City: songs including \"The Star Spangled Banner\" and \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic,\" a prayer and address by the Rev. E. T. Johnson, a poem, a reading by Willis Tryman, a firing-squad salute and taps.", "changes": "The retained PNG image of 840 by 805 pixels, not scaled and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-memorial-day-exercises-at-milton-valley-cemetery-clarke.jpg", "date": { "start": "1934-05-31", "end": "1934-05-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M143", "title": "Obituary of the Rev. E. T. Johnson, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945 (headline and opening)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S533", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's obituary of the Rev. Edward Thomas Johnson, who was buried at Milton Valley. Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945, p. 10.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=10", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The top of a newspaper page marked \"Page Ten,\" with a large headline, \"Funeral Services Held Tuesday For Rev. E. T. Johnson,\" a three-line subhead, and the opening paragraph reporting his funeral at St. Luke's Church in Berryville and his interment in the Milton Valley Cemetery in Josephine City.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1300 by 1700 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1569 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/obituary-of-the-rev-e-t-johnson-clarke-courier-november-22-1945-headli.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-11-22", "end": "1945-11-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M144", "title": "Obituary of the Rev. E. T. Johnson, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945 (continuation)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S533", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary continues with his pastorate, the training school and the book he was writing. Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945, p. 10.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=10", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Three paragraphs of a newspaper obituary: the Rev. Johnson was pastor of St. Luke's Baptist Church for nearly 25 years and principal of the W. B. T. Williams Training School; he was writing a history of the training schools in Virginia for a second book, \"On My Way Up\"; and he founded the training school in Josephine City.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1400 by 1500 pixels): the rectangle from x 60 to 1000 and y 0 to 1500, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/obituary-of-the-rev-e-t-johnson-clarke-courier-november-22-1945-contin.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-11-22", "end": "1945-11-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M208", "title": "The Milton Valley Cemetery entry in the Josephine City Historic District nomination, PDF page 24", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The nomination dates the cemetery to an 1874 purchase from A. Moore, Jr., guardian, recorded in 1880, and describes the 1909 obelisk with the names of all 41 original stockholders. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 24.", "context_disclosure": "An excerpt of PDF page 24 of the nomination, not the complete cemetery entry. Neighboring property text remains above the cemetery entry in the image, and the entry itself continues past what is shown here, after \"According to\". The full page is at the source link; that continuation was not retrieved or read for this story.", "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 24. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "A typed page of a National Register form. Under the heading for 313 Josephine Street, the cemetery, it says the site dates to at least 1874, when three acres were bought by the president and officers of the Milton Valley Cemetery from A. Moore, Jr., guardian of the children of Edward T. Hebb, though the deed was not recorded until 1880, and that the marble obelisk at its center, dedicated in 1909, lists all 41 original stockholders.", "changes": "A retained rendered-page capture of the DHR nomination PDF, page 24 (1700 by 949 pixels), with the capture's added caption strip naming the PDF and page removed: the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. Neighboring text on the page remains in this crop. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-milton-valley-cemetery-entry-in-the-josephine-city-historic-distri.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M209", "title": "The nomination's account of the cemetery purchase and obelisk, PDF page 32", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The nomination's narrative of the 1874 sale by A. Moore, guardian for the heirs of E. Y. Hebbs, the 1880 recording, and surnames on the obelisk's base. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 32.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 32. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "A typed page of the nomination's statement of significance. It calls an 1874 grave marker the earliest remaining resource, says three acres were sold in 1874 to the new cemetery organization by A. Moore, guardian for the heirs of E. Y. Hebbs, that the deed recorded in 1880 references an 1874 agreement, and lists surnames on the obelisk's base: Laws, Robertson, Jackson, Page, Carter and Jenkins.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 949 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-nomination-s-account-of-the-cemetery-purchase-and-obelisk-pdf-page.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M210", "title": "The nomination names Thomas Page as an original stockholder, PDF page 34", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The nomination names Thomas Page as one of the cemetery's original stockholders, his name carved on the obelisk's base. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 34.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 34. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "A typed page of the nomination discussing the Page family of Josephine Street. A sentence midway down says Thomas Page was one of the original stockholders of Milton Valley Cemetery, with his name prominently carved on the base of the obelisk, and that he is listed in the 1880 census for Battletown District.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 949 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-nomination-names-thomas-page-as-an-original-stockholder-pdf-page-3.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M211", "title": "Footnote 17 of the nomination, citing Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154, PDF page 49", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Footnote 17 cites Clarke County Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154 (1874), and says the parcel may have been part of the Milton Valley property. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 49.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 49. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "The top of a page of footnotes on the National Register form. Footnote 17 cites Clarke County Deed Book P, pages 152 to 154, of 1874, and an African-American historic context report, and says the parcel may originally have been part of the Milton Valley property; later footnotes cite land tax books, census returns and mechanics liens.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 949 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/footnote-17-of-the-nomination-citing-deed-book-p-pages-152-to-154-pdf.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M212", "title": "The nomination's summary naming the oldest resource in the district, PDF page 4", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The nomination's summary names a marked burial for Mary Slowe in the Milton Valley Cemetery as the oldest resource in the district. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 4. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "A typed page of the nomination's Section 7 summary, describing Josephine City's founding in 1870 on about 31 acres bought from Ellen McCormick's estate and its lots along Josephine Street, and ending with the sentence that the oldest resource in the district is a marked burial for Mary Slowe in the Milton Valley Cemetery.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 949 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-nomination-s-summary-naming-the-oldest-resource-in-the-district-pd.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M213", "title": "The nomination's summary, continued: the burial dated 1874 begins the period of significance, PDF page 5", "medium": "document", "creator": "Maral S. Kalbian and Margaret T. Peters", "source_id": "S90", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Continuing the summary: the burial dates to 1874 and marks the beginning of the district's period of significance, which runs to 1966. Josephine City Historic District nomination, 2014, PDF p. 5.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A National Register nomination prepared by non-federal consultants; its copyright status has not been established, and no license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/168-5029_JosephineCityHD_2015_NRHP_FINAL.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination (DHR 168-5029), PDF page 5. Virginia Department of Historic Resources.", "alt": "The top of the next page of the nomination, under the form's header, continuing: the cemetery burial dates to 1874 and marks the beginning of the period of significance for the historic district, which continues to 1966, the year the county's public schools were fully integrated.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 949 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1700 and y 64 to 949, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 625, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-nomination-s-summary-continued-the-burial-dated-1874-begins-the-pe.jpg", "date": { "start": "2014-12-01", "end": "2014-12-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M214", "title": "The \"flower strewing\" line among the personals, People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A line among the 1910 personals: the Milton Valley Cemetery \"ought to have their flower strewing when flowers are plentiful.\" People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "Part of a newspaper personals column in heavy type, with short items about visitors and returns home. One item reads that the Milton Valley Cemetery ought to have their flower strewing when flowers are plentiful; another below it concerns a lawsuit against the paper's editor.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 230 to 1440 and y 0 to 1173, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 1163, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-flower-strewing-line-among-the-personals-people-s-journal-june-1-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M215", "title": "Resolution of Respect for Sarah E. Mills, opening, People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The opening of a Resolution of Respect mourning \"our beloved sister Sarah E. Mills,\" taken from \"our Lodge.\" People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Resolution of Respect.\" Its paragraphs say that God has taken from the lodge its beloved sister Sarah E. Mills, deplore the death of their dear sister, and extend sympathy to her family, describing her as generous and sympathetic.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 560 to 1145 and y 0 to 1173, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/resolution-of-respect-for-sarah-e-mills-opening-people-s-journal-june.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M216", "title": "Obituary of Mrs. S. E. Mills and the end of the Gideon's Tab. No. 14 resolution, People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary \"Death of Mrs. S. E. Mills\" beside the end of the resolution by order of \"Gideon's Tab. No. 14,\" which remembered her as \"a member of the sick committee.\" People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "Two newspaper columns. At left, the obituary headed \"Death of Mrs. S. E. Mills\" begins with her death after a brief illness, aged about 63, and names her children. At right, the resolution ends by praising her usefulness as a member of the sick committee and is signed \"Done by order of Gideon's Tab. No. 14\" by Cora B. Jones, ex-Scribe; below it a second resolution begins, from Rose of Sharn Juvenils, Tab. No. 61.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1140 and y 0 to 1173, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/obituary-of-mrs-s-e-mills-and-the-end-of-the-gideon-s-tab-no-14-resolu.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M217", "title": "Resolution of Rose of Sharn Juvenile Tab. No. 61 for Sarah E. Mills, People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The juvenile society, printed \"Rose of Sharn,\" mourned \"our beloved sister and Guardian,\" Sarah E. Mills. People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "Two newspaper columns. The right-hand column is a resolution saying that Rose of Sharn Juvenils, Tab. No. 61 has lost its beloved sister and Guardian, Sarah E. Mills, who died May 26, 1910 at her home in Berryville, signed by order of Rose of Sharm Juvenile Tab. No. 61 by Phillip Page and Edward M. Jones. The left-hand column, cut at its left edge, is the end of her obituary.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1180 and y 0 to 1010, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/resolution-of-rose-of-sharn-juvenile-tab-no-61-for-sarah-e-mills-peopl.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M218", "title": "End of the obituary of Mrs. Sarah E. Mills: the Gallean Fishermen and the procession to Milton Valley, People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Her obituary says she belonged to the \"Gallean Fishermen Society,\" which \"turned out in full Regalia,\" and that a long procession followed her remains \"to the Milton Valley Cemetery.\" People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 2.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 2. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "One newspaper column, tinted blue by the viewer's highlight. It ends an obituary: prayers for her children and grandchildren, the funeral at the Free Baptist Church with Rev. B. F. Thomas officiating, her membership of the Gallean Fishermen Society, which turned out in full regalia, and a long procession following her remains to the Milton Valley Cemetery, dated May 21, 1910.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 560 to 1185 and y 0 to 1000, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/end-of-the-obituary-of-mrs-sarah-e-mills-the-gallean-fishermen-and-the.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M219", "title": "The church directory with the \"Gallean Fishermen,\" People's Journal, June 1, 1910", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S61", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The paper's directory listed the \"Gallean Fishermen,\" who met twice a month, on the first and third Thursday. People's Journal, June 1, 1910, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1910, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19100601.1.1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), June 1, 1910, page 1. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"DIRECTORY\" in tall type. It lists the Zion Baptist Church and the A. M. E. Church at Berryville with their pastors and hours, and at the foot an entry headed Gallean Fishermen, saying the society meets twice a month, on the first and third Thursday.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 600 to 1110 and y 0 to 1173, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-church-directory-with-the-gallean-fishermen-people-s-journal-june.jpg", "date": { "start": "1910-06-01", "end": "1910-06-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M220", "title": "The \"Cemetery Walk\" appeal, People's Journal, July 1, 1926", "medium": "document", "creator": "People's Journal, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S69", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "An appeal for a \"very much needed Walk in the Cemetery,\" with a free entertainment at Fishermen Hall on Friday night, July 2, 1926. People's Journal, July 1, 1926, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1926, before 1929. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TPJ19260701.1.1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "People's Journal (Berryville, Va.), July 1, 1926, page 1. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A boxed newspaper notice headed \"Cemetery Walk\" in large condensed type. It appeals for help with a very much needed walk in the cemetery, announces an entertainment at Fishermen Hall, Berryville, on Friday night, July 2nd, 1926, promises the delicacies of the season at reasonable price and free admission, and is signed by Hila Blackburn, President, and M. C. Young, Secretary.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1700 by 1173 pixels): the rectangle from x 455 to 1240 and y 0 to 1150, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-cemetery-walk-appeal-people-s-journal-july-1-1926.jpg", "date": { "start": "1926-07-01", "end": "1926-07-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M221", "title": "Catalog record 2005.00023.291.C, \"Memorial Day, 1991-Milton Valley Cemetery,\" Clarke County Historical Association", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association", "source_id": "S534", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Historical Association's catalog description of a Clarke Courier photograph of Memorial Day services at the cemetery on May 30, 1991, with the catalog's own small thumbnail. This is the catalog record, not the photograph, which was not examined.", "context_disclosure": "A catalog page as it appeared on September 26, 2026. It describes the photograph; it is not a reproduction of it.", "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A screenshot of the Clarke County Historical Association's public catalog page (All Contents (c) Clarke County Historical Association); no license from the Association is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/mIDetail.aspx?rID=2005.00023.291.C&db=biblio&dir=CCPHOTOS", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke County Historical Association catalog, record 2005.00023.291.C.", "alt": "A web catalog page. At left is a small thumbnail of a black-and-white photograph of people standing in a cemetery. At right, the record is titled Memorial Day, 1991-Milton Valley Cemetery, item 2005.00023.291.C, category Photograph, dated 30 May 1991, creator Clarke Courier, physical description Image, Digital, with the summary note Memorial Day Services 30 May 1991 at Milton Valley Cemetery.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1700 by 705 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 498 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/catalog-record-2005-00023-291-c-memorial-day-1991-milton-valley-cemete.jpg", "date": { "start": "2026-09-26", "end": "2026-09-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M222", "title": "Catalog record 427/2005-#3, \"Milton Valley Cemetery-Grave Plat,\" Clarke County Historical Association", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke County Historical Association", "source_id": "S535", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Historical Association's catalog description of a plat of the cemetery's graves, made in the fall of 2004 to accompany Don and Mary Royston's volume. This is the catalog record, not the plat, which was not examined.", "context_disclosure": "A catalog page as it appeared on September 26, 2026. It describes the plat; it is not a reproduction of it.", "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A screenshot of the Clarke County Historical Association's public catalog page (All Contents (c) Clarke County Historical Association); no license from the Association is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://clarkehistory.rediscoverysoftware.com/MADetailB.aspx?rID=427%2F2005-%233&db=biblio&dir=CCARCHIVES", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke County Historical Association catalog, record 427/2005-#3.", "alt": "A web catalog page for the record Milton Valley Cemetery-Grave Plat, 427/2005-#3: collection 427, series 2005, item 3, category Archive, dated Fall 2004, with the compiler credited as creator, physical description Plat, extent 41 leaves of photocopies, and a summary note calling it a plat of graves in Milton Valley African-American Cemetery, Berryville, accompanying Don and Mary Royston's volume on Clarke County cemeteries. The site's copyright line runs along the foot.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2652 by 1704 pixels): the rectangle from x 20 to 2595 and y 252 to 1545, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 603, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/catalog-record-427-2005-3-milton-valley-cemetery-grave-plat-clarke-cou.jpg", "date": { "start": "2026-09-26", "end": "2026-09-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M223", "title": "\"Caretakers Spearhead Community Effort To Maintain Black Cemeteries,\" Clarke Monthly, May 2025, page 10", "medium": "document", "creator": "Cathy Kuehner, Clarke Monthly", "source_id": "S214", "illustrates_story": "milton-valley-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Clarke Monthly's report on the March 2025 volunteer cleanup at Milton Valley Cemetery. Clarke Monthly, May 2025, p. 10.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item used in an Our Clarke story be documented with its visual and source URL. A 2025 publication in copyright, with its own photograph; no license from the publisher is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://clarkeva.com/2025/05/15/clarke-monthly-may-2025-2/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Cathy Kuehner, Clarke Monthly (Berryville, Va.), May 2025, page 10.", "alt": "A magazine page headed Caretakers Spearhead Community Effort To Maintain Black Cemeteries, by Cathy Kuehner, with a color photograph of rows of headstones on a grassy slope under a flowering redbud tree, above three columns of text that begin by reporting that about 30 volunteers gathered in Milton Valley Cemetery on a Sunday afternoon in March.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 640 by 1180 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/caretakers-spearhead-community-effort-to-maintain-black-cemeteries-cla.jpg", "date": { "start": "2025-05", "end": "2025-05", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M145", "title": "The League's appeal to bond subscribers in the Clarke Courier of May 11, 1939", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S554", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1939: the League asked each subscriber to bring a dollar to the June 1 rally, toward the $500 it usually paid about the first of June. Signed E. T. Johnson, President of League.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1939; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-05-11/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 11, 1939, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column item under the headline \"Colored School Bond Holders Asked To Pay.\" Its paragraphs address the bond subscribers, mention a $1-a-year pledge card, a $500 bond allotment paid about the first of June and a booth in the training school auditorium on the rally day, and end \"Yours truly, E. T. Johnson, President of League.\" A short unrelated item on highway spending follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 807 by 1873 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-league-s-appeal-to-bond-subscribers-in-the-clarke-courier-of-may-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1939-05-11", "end": "1939-05-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M146", "title": "Report of the contract and the digging bees in the Clarke Courier of April 17, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S536", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1930: the contract awarded to Kelley and Kelley at $17,350.00, the building planned for the use of the Clarke County Training School, two digging bees, and Promise Number 2 backed by $8,000 in bonds.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-04-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 17, 1930, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long single newspaper column. Under a partly smudged headline ending \"Colored People Digging Foundation,\" it gives the contract price of $17,350.00 with its deductions, the cinder-block and brick construction, the auditorium and classrooms, the digging bees and the promises, then prints the principal's verse \"Digging Spree Again Friday.\" The heading of an unrelated book review shows at the foot.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 804 by 4828 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-contract-and-the-digging-bees-in-the-clarke-courier-of-a.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-04-17", "end": "1930-04-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M147", "title": "The principal's account of the groundbreaking and the dollar envelopes in the Clarke Courier of May 15, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S537", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1930: the foundation dug by the patrons for a little over $300, the $500 annual pledge, a planned six-teacher school with auditorium, and a thousand \"My Dollar Fund Rally\" envelopes.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-05-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 15, 1930, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Three newspaper columns of small type set side by side. The first restates the contract and says the digging is complete and the superintendent broke ground on April 17; the second and third carry the principal's contribution about the patrons' digging, white friends' help with cash and trucks, the pledge of $500 annually and the dollar envelopes. The photograph printed above them is not included.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 2421 by 1861 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 922 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-principal-s-account-of-the-groundbreaking-and-the-dollar-envelopes.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-05-15", "end": "1930-05-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M148", "title": "Announcement of the cornerstone laying in the Clarke Courier of June 5, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S538", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1930: the cornerstone of the new school in Josephine City to be laid Friday, June 6, with the sixth annual pageant and a Rally Day Drive toward the first annual $500. The principal is printed E. T. Johnston.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-06-05/ed-1/?sp=7", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 5, 1930, page 7. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Cornerstone of New School For Colored To Be Laid Tomorrow.\" It reports the principal's announcement of the cornerstone laying and the Rally Day Drive, then his program for the day: a parade forming on Liberty Street, lunch, the cornerstone laying by the Odd Fellows, a ball game, and an appeal for one dollar from every person in the county.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 812 by 3306 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-cornerstone-laying-in-the-clarke-courier-of-june-5.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-06-05", "end": "1930-06-05", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M149", "title": "The principal's account of the cornerstone day in the Clarke Courier of June 12, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S539", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1930: the parade to Josephine City in the rain, the stone set after three attempts in the northeast corner of the Clarke County Training School, and pageant proceeds past the $500 mark, with $100 more needed before a September dedication.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-06-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 12, 1930, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"Cornerstone of School For The Colored Is Laid,\" with the deck \"Proceeds From Training School Pageant Last Week Exceed $500 Mark.\" The principal's contribution describes the rain, the parade order and route, the stone placed in the north east corner and the need for $100 more. The Millwood social column follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 810 by 5836 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-principal-s-account-of-the-cornerstone-day-in-the-clarke-courier-o.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-06-12", "end": "1930-06-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M150", "title": "Julius Rosenwald Fund card for \"Berryville School,\" Clarke County, Va., built under the 1930-31 budget", "medium": "document", "creator": "Julius Rosenwald Fund", "source_id": "S557", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Rosenwald Fund's card for a \"Berryville School\": six-teacher type, five acres, 1930-31 budget, total $20,900 ($1,700 from Black contributors, $15,300 public, $3,900 Rosenwald). Probably the Clarke County Training School building; the card does not name it.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. An unpublished record of the Julius Rosenwald Fund served by Fisk University with its watermark; its copyright status and the collection's reuse terms have not been established. No license is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://rosenwald.fisk.edu/s/rosenwald-fund-collection/item/30127", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Julius Rosenwald Fund card no. 3876, \"Berryville School,\" Clarke County, Va. Fisk University, Rosenwald Fund Collection, item 30127.", "alt": "A typed index card on lined paper. It reads \"Berryville School,\" \"Clarke County,\" \"Va.\" and the number 3876, then \"Five acres of land,\" \"Six-teacher type,\" \"Built under the 1930-31 budget,\" \"Application No. 10-J,\" \"Total cost $20,900,\" with Negroes $1,700, Whites none, Public 15,300 and Rosenwald 3,900, and \"Ins. $10,000.\" A handwritten red note runs up the left margin and a Fisk University watermark sits at lower right.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 3012 by 1818 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 724 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/julius-rosenwald-fund-card-for-berryville-school-clarke-county-va-buil.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930", "end": "1931", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M151", "title": "Head of the Slater Fund's \"List of 384 Schools 1929-30,\" printed page 16", "medium": "document", "creator": "The John F. Slater Fund", "source_id": "S558", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Slater Fund's list of county training schools for 1929-30: the figure after each county is the number of years its school had been on the list.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Internet Archive page image.", "rights_url": "https://archive.org/details/proceedingsrepor00john_9/page/n17/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930, page 16. Internet Archive, proceedingsrepor00john_9.", "alt": "A detail of a printed book page with the running head \"16 The Slater Fund,\" the title \"List of 384 Schools 1929-30,\" a one-sentence headnote explaining that the figure with each county is its years on the list, and the start of the Alabama section with its column heads County, Post Office, Superintendent and Principal.", "changes": "A detail of the Internet Archive page image of page 16 (2837 by 4251 pixels): the rectangle from x 400 to 2837 and y 300 to 1100, which leaves out the Alabama list below the headnote, scaled to 1200 by 394, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/head-of-the-slater-fund-s-list-of-384-schools-1929-30-printed-page-16.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930", "end": "1930", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M152", "title": "Virginia county training schools in the Slater Fund's list for 1929-30, printed page 24", "medium": "document", "creator": "The John F. Slater Fund", "source_id": "S558", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Virginia, 1929-30: \"Clarke 2, Berryville, A. F. Robinson, E. T. Johnson,\" Clarke's school in its second year on the Slater Fund's list. The superintendent is printed Robinson.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Internet Archive page image.", "rights_url": "https://archive.org/details/proceedingsrepor00john_9/page/n25/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930, page 24. Internet Archive, proceedingsrepor00john_9.", "alt": "A detail of a printed table headed \"Virginia (49)\" with columns County, Post Office, Superintendent and Principal. Sixteen rows run from Albemarle 16 to Goochland 4; the tenth reads Clarke 2, Berryville, A. F. Robinson, E. T. Johnson.", "changes": "A detail of the Internet Archive page image of page 24 (2837 by 4251 pixels): the rectangle from x 400 to 2837 and y 2440 to 3860, which leaves out the Texas rows above the Virginia list, scaled to 1200 by 699, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/virginia-county-training-schools-in-the-slater-fund-s-list-for-1929-30.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930", "end": "1930", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M153", "title": "Report of a proposed school for Black students at Josephine City in the Clarke Courier of May 10, 1928", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S501", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1928: the county's Black residents had raised $1,700 among themselves toward a proposed industrial school at Josephine City.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1928, before 1929. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1928-05-10/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 10, 1928, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Negro School Promise Good,\" with the deck \"Industrial Curriculum Equivalent to Junior High For Clarke.\" It reports the supervisors' consideration of a loan for a colored industrial school in Josephine City, the $1,700 raised by the colored people, a promised $1,000 donation and $1,500 from the Rosenwald Fund, and a building cost of $12,000 to $14,000.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 817 by 3800 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-a-proposed-school-for-black-students-at-josephine-city-in-th.jpg", "date": { "start": "1928-05-10", "end": "1928-05-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M154", "title": "Notice of a CCC program for the bus fund in the Clarke Courier of April 16, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S540", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1936: members of the Civilian Conservation Corps from Camp George Washington were to give a program at the Training School on Sunday, April 19, for the bus fund, with a silver offering.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-04-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 16, 1936, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A narrow newspaper column. Most of it is the end of an unrelated article about a subscription contest; at the foot, under the headline \"C. C. C. Members To Give Program Here,\" a two-paragraph notice announces the program at the Clarke County Training School for the bus fund.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 809 by 2789 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/notice-of-a-ccc-program-for-the-bus-fund-in-the-clarke-courier-of-apri.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-04-16", "end": "1936-04-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M155", "title": "Notice of the School Improvement League's annual meeting in the Clarke Courier of June 18, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S544", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1936: the School Improvement League's annual meeting was to account for all monies received and from what source. \"The bus has been paid for.\"", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-06-18/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 18, 1936, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper notice headed \"School Improvement League Meets Monday,\" announcing the annual meeting in the school auditorium on June 22 with an account of all monies received, and ending with the statement that the bus has been paid for. A Woman's Auxiliary notice follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 801 by 1729 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/notice-of-the-school-improvement-league-s-annual-meeting-in-the-clarke.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-06-18", "end": "1936-06-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M156", "title": "Field day announcement with the principal's statement on the school bus, Clarke Courier, April 29, 1937", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S547", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1937: a field day announced for May 27, after twelve years of field days or pageants to raise funds; the County Improvement League had run a school bus on private donations, entertainments and School Board help.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1937; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-04-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 29, 1937, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Training School Plans Field Day,\" with the deck \"Track Events To Take Place Of Annual Colored Pageant Held In Past Years.\" It lists the day's races and games, then reports the principal's thanks for the donations that kept the school bus running.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 812 by 2589 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/field-day-announcement-with-the-principal-s-statement-on-the-school-bu.jpg", "date": { "start": "1937-04-29", "end": "1937-04-29", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M157", "title": "Proposed 1938 county budget, with a school-levy increase for a bus, in the Clarke Courier of April 7, 1938", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S550", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1938: the proposed budget raised the school levy by five cents, for adding a bus for Black schoolchildren, its operation and upkeep, and a trade shop. A proposal before a public hearing.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1938; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-04-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 7, 1938, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column under headlines about the county budget and \"Taxpayers To Be Heard On Topics,\" its top line cut at the right edge. It gives the new and old levy rates, school .80 against .75, and a paragraph saying the increase for schools is for adding a bus for colored school children and equipping a shop.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 821 by 4499 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/proposed-1938-county-budget-with-a-school-levy-increase-for-a-bus-in-t.jpg", "date": { "start": "1938-04-07", "end": "1938-04-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M158", "title": "Bus No. 3 (Colored) in the county's school bus routes, Clarke Courier, September 8, 1938", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S551", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "September 1938: Bus No. 3 (Colored), driver Thomas Jackson, from the railroad crossing near Stone Bridge at 7:30 to the White Post, Boyce and Millwood colored schools and the Clarke County Training School.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1938; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-09-08/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 8, 1938, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column of route listings in short lines. At the top, \"Bus No. 3 (Colored—Thomas Jackson, Driver)\" and Route No. 3-A run from the railroad crossing near Stone Bridge past three colored schools to the Clarke County Training School; routes for Buses 4 and 5 follow.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 800 by 2388 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/bus-no-3-colored-in-the-county-s-school-bus-routes-clarke-courier-sept.jpg", "date": { "start": "1938-09-08", "end": "1938-09-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M159", "title": "The judging team's state honors in the Clarke Courier of May 7, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S541", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1936: first place and a silver loving cup at Petersburg. Harry C. Kelly was highest on hens and fifth on mules, Robert C. Williams third on hogs.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-07/ed-1/?sp=7", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 7, 1936, page 7. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School Team Wins State Honors.\" It reports the silver loving cup won at the Petersburg contests, names the team of Robert C. Williams, Harry C. Kelly and Edward L. Lewis, and gives Kelly's placings on hens and mules and Williams's on hogs and his earlier Tuskegee record.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 843 by 1713 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-judging-team-s-state-honors-in-the-clarke-courier-of-may-7-1936.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-05-07", "end": "1936-05-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M160", "title": "The judging team's fifth place at the New Farmers of America convention, Clarke Courier, September 10, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S545", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "September 1936: fifth in all classes at the New Farmers of America convention at Hampton, with sixteen states represented. Williams ranked third judging mules in the southeastern section, and Lewis was highest on laying hens.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-09-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 10, 1936, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"County Training School Ranks Fifth In Contest.\" It names the team and its director M. J. Edwards, William T. Mason as alternate, and each boy's placings on dairy cows, mules, laying hens, eggs, corn and livestock. An item headed \"Berryville Spends Quiet Labor Day\" follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 786 by 1965 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-judging-team-s-fifth-place-at-the-new-farmers-of-america-conventio.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-09-10", "end": "1936-09-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M161", "title": "The agricultural basketball team's win over Harrisonburg, Clarke Courier, February 11, 1937", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S546", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "February 1937: the Training School \"Aggies\" beat Harrisonburg on February 3, 17 to 12.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1937; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-02-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 11, 1937, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Training School Aggies Trounce Harrisonburg,\" reporting that the agricultural basketball team of the Clarke County Training School won a hard fought game from Harrisonburg on February 3 by 17 to 12.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 781 by 558 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-agricultural-basketball-team-s-win-over-harrisonburg-clarke-courie.jpg", "date": { "start": "1937-02-11", "end": "1937-02-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M162", "title": "Announcement of the school's centennial pageant in the Clarke Courier of May 7, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S542", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1936, announced: the school's pageant \"The Negro in Clarke County, 100 Years,\" built on seven study topics, with a high-school finale, \"The Oracle of Time.\" No report of it was found.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-07/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 7, 1936, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Negro Life In County To Be Portrayed May 21.\" It names the pageant, ties it to the county's centenary, lists the seven topics of study, names the finale \"The Oracle of Time\" and describes the planned exhibits. An unrelated anecdote about the Kentucky Derby follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 839 by 2578 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-school-s-centennial-pageant-in-the-clarke-courier.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-05-07", "end": "1936-05-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M163", "title": "Announcement of the home economics department's art exhibit, Clarke Courier, February 17, 1938", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S549", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "February 1938, announced: an art exhibit pairing a loan collection from the Virginia State College for Negroes with the county schools' work, in fine, domestic and industrial art. No report of it was found.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1938; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-02-17/ed-1/?sp=7", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 17, 1938, page 7. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Clarke Training School To Hold Art Exhibition.\" It gives the Sunday and Monday showings in the school auditorium, the traveling loan exhibit from the Virginia State College for Negroes in Petersburg, the three divisions of art, and a guest speaker.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 827 by 1431 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-home-economics-department-s-art-exhibit-clarke-cou.jpg", "date": { "start": "1938-02-17", "end": "1938-02-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M164", "title": "The basketball teams' opening wins over Leesburg High School, Clarke Courier, December 15, 1938", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S552", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "December 1938: the girls beat Leesburg High School 15 to 8, and the boys 49 to 29.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1938; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-12-15/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 15, 1938, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Clarke County Training School Wins Opener.\" Its first paragraph gives the girls' and boys' scores against Leesburg High School; the next paragraphs list the players and substitutes by name and position. The heading \"County Nurse News\" shows at the foot.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 795 by 1414 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-basketball-teams-opening-wins-over-leesburg-high-school-clarke-cou.jpg", "date": { "start": "1938-12-15", "end": "1938-12-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M165", "title": "The Athletic Association's announcement of a \"miniature olympic,\" Clarke Courier, May 4, 1939", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S553", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1939, announced: after a successful indoor tournament in its gym, the school's Athletic Association invited schools and communities to a \"miniature olympic\" on June 1. No report of it was found.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1939; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1939-05-04/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 4, 1939, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"County Training School To Hold Small Olympic.\" It praises the school's gym and campus after an indoor basketball tournament and announces a miniature olympic for Thursday, June 1, 1939, closing with a social. A Berryville baseball item follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 774 by 1628 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-athletic-association-s-announcement-of-a-miniature-olympic-clarke.jpg", "date": { "start": "1939-05-04", "end": "1939-05-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M166", "title": "Announcement of the 1936 commencement in the Clarke Courier of May 21, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S543", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1936, announced: commencement on May 26 with Prof. Arthur D. Wright, printed as president of the \"John A. Slater Fund,\" as speaker; friends who had pledged funds were asked to turn them in.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-05-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 21, 1936, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School Finals Slated Tuesday Night.\" It names the speaker and the baccalaureate preacher, asks friends who pledged funds to turn them in at the exercises, and lists the diploma recipients. An elementary-school program notice follows below a rule.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 803 by 2080 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-1936-commencement-in-the-clarke-courier-of-may-21.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-05-21", "end": "1936-05-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M167", "title": "Report of the 1937 commencement in the Clarke Courier of June 10, 1937", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S548", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1937: nine graduates, the Negro National Anthem, an address by A. G. Richardson of what the paper called the State Department in Richmond, and diplomas from Archie F. Robertson.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1937; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1937-06-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 10, 1937, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column whose upper part ends an unrelated horse-show profit report. Below a rule, the item headed \"Clarke Training School Graduates 9 At Finals\" describes the baccalaureate, the singing, the address and the awarding of diplomas, and lists the nine graduates.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 794 by 2160 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-1937-commencement-in-the-clarke-courier-of-june-10-1937.jpg", "date": { "start": "1937-06-10", "end": "1937-06-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M168", "title": "Report of the 1940 commencement in the Clarke Courier of June 13, 1940", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S555", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1940: twelve seniors graduated, with addresses by Fannie J. Paige, Sophia J. Holmes, Lucille Jackson, Elizabeth Smith and Esten Thornton, and diplomas from A. F. Robertson.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1940; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1940-06-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 13, 1940, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Twelve Seniors Finish At Training School.\" It gives the program's addresses and their titles and the awarding of diplomas, then begins a list of graduates that is cut off at the column's end. Below a rule sits the unrelated end of a quotation citing page 387.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 787 by 2310 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-1940-commencement-in-the-clarke-courier-of-june-13-1940.jpg", "date": { "start": "1940-06-13", "end": "1940-06-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M169", "title": "School Board report on lunch projects in the Clarke Courier of August 15, 1940", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S556", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "August 1940: the School Board continued the lunch projects at the Training School and other schools, and added new ones at Millwood colored and White Post colored.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1940; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1940-08-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 15, 1940, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Patrons Invited To Board Sessions,\" with the deck \"School Teachers For 1940-41 Session Announced; Providence Gets Water.\" Its paragraphs report the board's resolutions, a water supply for Providence Chapel School, and the lunch projects continued and added; its last line, \"Continued on Page Eight,\" sends the reader to the rest of the report.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 820 by 2579 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/school-board-report-on-lunch-projects-in-the-clarke-courier-of-august.jpg", "date": { "start": "1940-08-15", "end": "1940-08-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M170", "title": "Report of the county centennial's opening pageant in the Clarke Courier of July 16, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S511", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-1936-1940-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "July 1936: the county's own centennial pageant opened on July 8 at the Berryville Horse Show grounds, separate from the Training School's May pageant.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-07-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 16, 1936, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column under the headlines \"Miss Agnes Mitchell Is Crowned By Senator Glass\" and \"3,000 See First Pageant Program.\" It reports that Clarke County looked back over its past hundred years in a pageant on July 8 before 3,000 spectators at the Berryville Horse Show grounds, opening the Centennial Celebration.", "changes": "The retained PNG image of 880 by 3520 pixels, not scaled and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-county-centennial-s-opening-pageant-in-the-clarke-courie.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-07-16", "end": "1936-07-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M171", "title": "The \"Red Flash\" mix-up in the Courier Chatter column, Clarke Courier, August 6, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S559", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The \"Courier Chatter\" column tells of the \"Red Flash\" mix-up at the Rosemont Circle post, and reports about 250 applications for supplementary gasoline coupons.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-08-06/ed-1/?sp=17", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 6, 1942, page 17. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A narrow newspaper column, with the bottom edge of a cartoon heading at the top. Its first paragraph tells how the Interceptor air station in Baltimore was thrown into a mild uproar when two Berryville spotters, Mrs. Eddy Joyce and Mrs. Gordon Levi, on the post on Rosemont Circle, twice called in \"Red Flash\" and were later put straight to say \"Army Flash.\" A later \"Notes\" paragraph reports about 250 applications for supplementary gasoline ration coupons.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1234 by 3306 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 3215 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-red-flash-mix-up-in-the-courier-chatter-column-clarke-courier-augu.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-08-06", "end": "1942-08-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M172", "title": "Observation post to be formed in the county, Clarke Courier, June 12, 1941", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S560", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "H. B. Harris and Townsend Burwell form a county station of the Virginia Aircraft Warning Service and ask for volunteers for eight posts; the paper outlines how reports would travel to Roanoke or Richmond and on to Norfolk.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1941; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-06-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 12, 1941, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper column under the large headline \"Observation Post To Be Formed In County\" and the subhead \"Volunteers As Chief Observers And Observers Asked For Eight Points.\" The article names H. B. Harris, commander of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and Townsend Burwell, and explains that local posts would report enemy planes to Roanoke or Richmond, to be sent on to Norfolk.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1269 by 3597 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 3401 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/observation-post-to-be-formed-in-the-county-clarke-courier-june-12-194.jpg", "date": { "start": "1941-06-12", "end": "1941-06-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M173", "title": "Three aircraft posts closed by the War Department, Clarke Courier, July 22, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S561", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The War Department closes the county's three aircraft warning posts; the paper recalls that the service began with about nine posts and names the three chief observers.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-07-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 22, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper column headed \"3 Aircraft Posts Closed By War Department,\" with the subhead \"Order Inactivates Warning Service In County Last Night At Midnight.\" It names the chief observers at White Post, Boyce and Berryville, recalls that the service began with about nine posts, and asks observers to report their hours. The headline of a separate item on gas coupons shows at the foot.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1086 by 3147 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/three-aircraft-posts-closed-by-the-war-department-clarke-courier-july.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-07-22", "end": "1943-07-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M174", "title": "Defense registration at the Court House, Clarke Courier, January 1, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S562", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Court House defense registration check-up: about 275 people offering 347 kinds of help, listed by category.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-01-01/ed-1/?sp=9", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 1, 1942, page 9. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"347 Various Functions Are Subscribed To In Registration At Court House,\" reporting about 275 persons registered for defense work, followed by long run-in lists of functions with a number after each, from air raid wardens and auto drivers to typing, sewing and nurse's aid. The headline of the next item, about a Woman's Club milk fund, shows at the foot.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1233 by 3799 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 3697 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/defense-registration-at-the-court-house-clarke-courier-january-1-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-01-01", "end": "1942-01-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M175", "title": "The tire rationing board's January 19 decisions, Clarke Courier, January 22, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S563", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The tire rationing board's January 19 decisions: tires for two mail carriers, two truck tires of four requested, and one request denied.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-01-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 22, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A strip of a newspaper front page. The upper part is the end of an unrelated item on the Infantile Paralysis campaign; below a rule is the headline \"Rationing Board Allows 2 Tires, 1 Tube\" and a short paragraph listing the tire rationing board's January 19 grants to two mail carriers and an ice and cold storage business, and one denied request.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1265 by 2872 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1265 and y 1649 to 2872, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 1160, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-tire-rationing-board-s-january-19-decisions-clarke-courier-january.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-01-22", "end": "1942-01-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M176", "title": "Air spotter stations moved, Clarke Courier, April 30, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S564", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A meeting called by H. B. Harris discusses concentrating the posts at Berryville, Boyce and White Post because of tire and gasoline rationing.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-04-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 30, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed \"Air Spotter Stations In County Are Moved.\" Its three paragraphs report a meeting called by H. B. Harris on centralizing the county's air warning posts at Berryville, Boyce and White Post because of tire and gasoline rationing, and name the Rev. E. D. Vaughan, W. D. Burtner and A. Mackay Smith.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1238 by 1979 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1918 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/air-spotter-stations-moved-clarke-courier-april-30-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-04-30", "end": "1942-04-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M177", "title": "M. W. Jones, Jr.'s notice ending milk deliveries, Clarke Courier, September 24, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S565", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "M. W. Jones, Jr., of Berryville gives notice that, unable to get tires for his truck, he will stop delivering milk after September 30, 1942.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-24/ed-1/?sp=12", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 24, 1942, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Part of a column of classified notices. Below two \"Wanted\" notices is an item headed \"Notice,\" in which M. W. Jones, Jr., of Berryville says that, unable to get tires for his truck to deliver milk, he will discontinue deliveries after September 30, 1942, and thanks his customers for their patronage and loyalty.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1322 by 1594 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1447 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/m-w-jones-jr-s-notice-ending-milk-deliveries-clarke-courier-september.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-09-24", "end": "1942-09-24", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M178", "title": "Sugar registration at the schools, Clarke Courier, May 7, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S566", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Sugar registration at the schools: 3,726 registered through Tuesday, with the day counts as printed and an extra evening session at Berryville.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 7, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper column headed \"Sugar Rationing Ends Today In County,\" with the subhead \"Gasoline Curtailment System Planned Three Days Next Week.\" The article gives 3,726 persons registered for sugar books, the day totals of 1,428 and 2,308, and an evening session at Berryville, and ends with the line \"Continued on Page Four,\" which sends the reader to the rest of the report.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1253 by 2983 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 2857 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sugar-registration-at-the-schools-clarke-courier-may-7-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-05-07", "end": "1942-05-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M179", "title": "Gasoline card registration at the schoolhouses, Clarke Courier, May 14, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S567", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Gasoline registration at six schoolhouses, where teachers questioned motorists; the X card entitled its holder to unlimited fuel.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 14, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper column headed \"Hundreds Issued Gas Rationing Cards Here,\" with the subhead \"Registration Of Car Owners Ends Tonight; Rationing Starts Tomorrow.\" It describes motorists questioned by school teachers at the school houses, names the six schools issuing cards, and explains the A, B and X cards.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1240 by 2921 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 2827 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gasoline-card-registration-at-the-schoolhouses-clarke-courier-may-14-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-05-14", "end": "1942-05-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M180", "title": "The first weekend of gasoline rationing, Clarke Courier, May 21, 1942, page 1", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S568", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The first weekend of gasoline rationing, Main Street almost empty, and 1,255 car owners signed up, with the A, B-1 and B-2 counts (continued on page 4).", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 21, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper column headed \"1,255 Register For Gas Rationing Cards In County,\" with a subhead ending \"49 X-Cards Issued.\" It describes the first weekend of rationing, the swollen Shenandoah River and Main Street almost empty of cars, then lists 431 A cards, 141 B-1 and 157 B-2 cards before the line \"Continued on Page Four,\" which sends the reader to the rest of the report.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1264 by 3777 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 3586 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-first-weekend-of-gasoline-rationing-clarke-courier-may-21-1942-pag.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-05-21", "end": "1942-05-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M181", "title": "The gasoline card counts continued, Clarke Courier, May 21, 1942, page 4", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S569", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Continuation from page 1: the B-3 and X card counts, including 49 X cards.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-21/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 21, 1942, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper continuation headed \"Gas Rationing Cards, Continued from Page One,\" beneath the paper's name at the top of the page. It lists 477 motorists getting B-3 cards and 49 getting X cards, then reports the rationing board secretary's remarks on late registrants and card changes.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1232 by 1926 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1876 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-gasoline-card-counts-continued-clarke-courier-may-21-1942-page-4.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-05-21", "end": "1942-05-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M182", "title": "Training School cancels its baccalaureate, Clarke Courier, May 28, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S570", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The W. T. B. Williams Training School, as the paper names it, drops its baccalaureate sermon because of gasoline rationing and plans to unveil a photograph of Dr. W. T. B. Williams.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-05-28/ed-1/?sp=19", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 28, 1942, page 19. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School Cancels Baccalaureate,\" saying that because of gasoline rationing and rubber conservation there will be no baccalaureate sermon at the W. T. B. Williams Training School, and that a photograph of Dr. W. T. B. Williams will be unveiled at commencement. Below a rule are the last lines of an unrelated item listing out-of-town relatives.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1347 by 2343 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1347 and y 0 to 1720, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 1532, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/training-school-cancels-its-baccalaureate-clarke-courier-may-28-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-05-28", "end": "1942-05-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M183", "title": "The Berryville post changes to three-hour shifts, Clarke Courier, September 24, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S565", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Berryville post moves to three-hour watches from October 1 and asks for about 50 more observers. The article jumps from the left column to the right; the lower left column is an unrelated Red Cross item.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-24/ed-1/?sp=12", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 24, 1942, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Two columns of a newspaper page under the large headline \"Berryville Post Changes To 3 Hour Shifts\" and the subhead \"New Watches Will Begin October 1; 50 Observers Needed To Man Shifts.\" The article runs down the left column and continues at the top of the right one; the lower left column is an unrelated Red Cross item on accident prevention.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 2344 by 3756 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1923 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-berryville-post-changes-to-three-hour-shifts-clarke-courier-septem.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-09-24", "end": "1942-09-24", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M184", "title": "White Post spotters vote to build a post, Clarke Courier, September 3, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S571", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "White Post spotters vote to build an elevated post modeled on the one at Brucetown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-09-03/ed-1/?sp=15", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 3, 1942, page 15. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item whose headline is cut off at the top edge. It reports that White Post spotters voted to erect a spotters post at a meeting called by A. Mackay Smith, chief observer, copying the elevated post at Brucetown with its glass-enclosed room and walkway, and names the building committee and the donor of the land.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1208 by 2004 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1991 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/white-post-spotters-vote-to-build-a-post-clarke-courier-september-3-19.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-09-03", "end": "1942-09-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M185", "title": "The Boyce air spotter post dedicated, Clarke Courier, December 3, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S572", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Boyce air spotter post is dedicated at the Parish House; George H. Burwell's words and John Zombro's thanks.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-12-03/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 3, 1942, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A wide strip across the top of a newspaper page marked \"Page Sixteen,\" with the headline \"Air Spotter Post Dedicated At Boyce Sunday.\" Two columns report George H. Burwell's dedication of the post in the Parish House and John Zombro's opening remarks thanking contributors; the text continues beyond the right edge.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 2412 by 1393 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 693 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-boyce-air-spotter-post-dedicated-clarke-courier-december-3-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-12-03", "end": "1942-12-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M186", "title": "The Junior Woman's Club sells war bonds, Clarke Courier, December 3, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S573", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Junior Woman's Club's Saturday war bond booths in Berryville stores.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-12-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 3, 1942, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed \"Junior Woman's Club Active In Sale Of Bonds,\" with a subhead about a Christmas project for needy county families. Its first paragraph gives the county's $26,000 monthly war bond quota, $6,000 or more credited to the club, and Saturday bond booths in the Berryville stores through November.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1238 by 1954 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1894 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-junior-woman-s-club-sells-war-bonds-clarke-courier-december-3-1942.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-12-03", "end": "1942-12-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M187", "title": "The Boyce air spotter station for sale, Clarke Courier, November 9, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S574", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Boyce air spotter station is advertised for sale at auction, signed by John E. Zombro as chief observer.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-11-09/ed-1/?sp=14", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 9, 1944, page 14. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper advertisement headed \"FOR SALE,\" offering the air spotter station at Boyce on Friday, November 10, 1944, at 4 p.m.: a building about 12 by 12 feet with good timber and window sash and an automatic oil heating stove. It invites observers to say how the proceeds should be used, gives the terms as cash, and is signed by John E. Zombro, chief observer, with an auctioneer and a clerk.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1098 by 1553 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-boyce-air-spotter-station-for-sale-clarke-courier-november-9-1944.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-11-09", "end": "1944-11-09", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M224", "title": "Paragraph on the Greene County observation-post log book, from the Library of Virginia post \"Keep Your Eyes Aloft\" (2013)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Callie Lou Freed, Library of Virginia", "source_id": "S575", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1941-1942-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A later account, not a Clarke record: the Library of Virginia's 2013 post describes the log book of the Greene County post, February to June 1943. No Clarke post's log was found.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "A 2013 web page of the Library of Virginia, in copyright. One paragraph is shown as documentary evidence, with attribution and a link to the post, under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from the rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://uncommonwealth.lva.virginia.gov/blog/2013/11/06/keep-your-eyes-aloft/", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Callie Lou Freed, \"Keep Your Eyes Aloft,\" The UncommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia, November 6, 2013.", "alt": "A paragraph of web text. It says the Greene County (Va.) Ground Observer Corps Post 128-G log book dates from February to June 1943, names some of its local observers, and says the post recorded volunteers' times, planes identified, weather and visibility, and was staffed mostly by women.", "changes": "A detail of the retained full-page screenshot of the Library of Virginia post (1280 by 3200 pixels): the rectangle from x 130 to 1150 and y 1840 to 2175, which leaves out the post's photographs, its other paragraphs and the site's navigation, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/paragraph-on-the-greene-county-observation-post-log-book-from-the-libr.jpg", "date": { "start": "2013-11-06", "end": "2013-11-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M188", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the front of the cabin, with its porch and chimney", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The log cabin seen straight on from the front on a sunny, leafless spring day: two stories of squared logs with pale chinking under a red metal roof, a covered porch across the front with two green chairs, a stone chimney at the left end, and new plantings edged with upright log sections.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1424 by 949 pixels to 1200 by 800; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-front-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M189", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end and the covered back patio", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin from its back corner: a tall fieldstone chimney on the gable end, a lower shed-roofed addition with board siding, and a covered flagstone patio with a table, chairs and a kettle grill beside a red door.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1509 by 1120 pixels to 1200 by 891; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-chimney-and-patio-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M190", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the front of the cabin beyond a planted bed", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin at a slight angle across a mulched yard, with a ring of stones around a bed of daffodils and a bird feeder in the foreground, strings of lights overhead and bare woods behind.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1577 by 1157 pixels to 1200 by 880; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-front-garden-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M191", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin in its setting, seen from across the lawn", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin small in the distance across an open lawn scattered with rock outcrops, framed by tall bare trees under a clear blue sky.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1583 by 1148 pixels to 1200 by 870; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-setting-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M192", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the gravel drive to the cabin", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A gravel driveway curving through open ground toward the cabin, which stands at its far end among tall bare trees under a blue sky.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1621 by 1146 pixels to 1200 by 848; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-driveway-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M193", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end, with its glazed door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin's chimney end: a tall fieldstone chimney beside a narrow glazed door, the red roof and the front porch turning the corner to the right, and a gravel path at its foot.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1653 by 1171 pixels to 1200 by 850; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-chimney-end-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M194", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane at dusk, May 6, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "The cabin at dusk with its porch lit and strings of round bulbs running from the eaves out across the yard into the trees against a deep blue sky.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2050 by 1536 pixels to 1200 by 899; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-dusk-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-05-06", "end": "2019-05-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M195", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane from above, April 25, 2021", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "The cabin seen from above in spring: its red metal roof with lower roofs along both long sides and the stone chimney at one end, a patio and gravel path around it, and in the green yard beyond a fenced garden, a trampoline, a fire ring and a small red-roofed outbuilding among trees.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2304 by 1536 pixels to 1200 by 800; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-drone-2021.jpg", "date": { "start": "2021-04-25", "end": "2021-04-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M196", "title": "The front door of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, August 2, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A tall tan dog stands on the porch by the cabin's red front door, below an oval sign reading 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, with the hewn logs and pale chinking of the wall around the door.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-front-door-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-08-02", "end": "2019-08-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M197", "title": "The front porch of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, January 13, 2020", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "The front porch: a red rocking chair with a black cushion beside a window, a carved pelican wind chime hanging from the porch beams, and the open red front door with the 410 sign above it.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-porch-2020.jpg", "date": { "start": "2020-01-13", "end": "2020-01-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M198", "title": "The back patio of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, March 28, 2020", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "The covered back patio beside the cabin: a hot tub, a wicker table and chairs, a gas grill and a painted American flag propped by the red back door, with the lawn and woods beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2048 by 1536 pixels to 1200 by 900; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-back-patio-2020.jpg", "date": { "start": "2020-03-28", "end": "2020-03-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M199", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the main room, with its stone fireplace", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing, as a screen image the owner saved; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The main room: log walls with pale chinking, exposed ceiling beams, a stone fireplace holding a wood stove, a brown sectional sofa and a wall-mounted television, with a small window high in the gable.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1242 by 919 pixels to 1200 by 888; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark is kept; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-main-room-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M200", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the staircase, with the bathroom and kitchen beyond", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing, as a screen image the owner saved; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Inside the main room: an open wooden staircase rising along a log wall to a railed loft, a doorway to a small bathroom under it, and a view through to the kitchen, on wide pine floorboards.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1242 by 919 pixels to 1200 by 888; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark is kept; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-stair-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M201", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: an upstairs bedroom under the roof", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing, as a screen image the owner saved; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An upstairs bedroom under a sloping board ceiling, with a bed between two lamps against log walls and a small window beside the top of the stair.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1239 by 908 pixels to 1200 by 879; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark is kept; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-upstairs-bedroom-listing-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M202", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the kitchen", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing, as a screen image the owner saved; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The small kitchen: oak cabinets, a white refrigerator, stove, microwave and dishwasher, a board ceiling, and a strip of log wall behind the counter.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1242 by 929 pixels to 1200 by 898; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark is kept; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-kitchen-listing.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M203", "title": "The main room of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, May 2, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A dark gray sofa against a log wall with pale chinking under exposed beams, between a window onto the porch and a glazed door, on wide wooden floorboards.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-sitting-room-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-05-02", "end": "2019-05-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M204", "title": "A cedar cabinet in the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, July 21, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A tall new cedar cabinet with open shelves stands against a board wall, with the kitchen, a red cabinet and a log wall beyond, on a wide-plank floor.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-cedar-cabinet-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-07-21", "end": "2019-07-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M205", "title": "A corner by the door in the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, May 12, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A corner against a log wall: a red cabinet with a kettle and a pour-over carafe on top, a blue shelf of mugs with keys hanging below it, and a half-glazed door to the porch.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-coffee-corner-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-05-12", "end": "2019-05-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M206", "title": "A red cabinet against the log wall of the cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, May 12, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A closer view of the red cabinet with a kettle and a glass pour-over carafe on top, a wire basket stand of coffee and tea beside it, and the hewn logs of the wall behind.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-coffee-cabinet-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-05-12", "end": "2019-05-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M207", "title": "A bedroom in the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, October 19, 2019", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A bed with white linens and a red bookcase headboard with cubbies, in a room with log walls, a sloping ceiling and a lamp by the window.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1536 by 2048 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-bedroom-2019.jpg", "date": { "start": "2019-10-19", "end": "2019-10-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M225", "title": "The chimney end of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane, April 12, 2022", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "Looking up at the cabin's fieldstone chimney and red metal roof against a blue sky with white clouds, with hewn logs and a small upper window beside the chimney.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 3024 by 4032 pixels to 900 by 1200 and converted from HEIC to JPEG; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated and its orientation set to upright. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-chimney-2022.jpg", "date": { "start": "2022-04-12", "end": "2022-04-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M226", "title": "The fireplace of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane at Christmas, November 18, 2023", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S576", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": null, "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "The stone fireplace decorated for Christmas: stockings hung from the wooden mantel, a felt Christmas tree over the wood stove, a television above, and a plaid tablecloth in the foreground.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 3556 by 3556 pixels to 1200 by 1200 and converted from HEIC to JPEG; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated and its orientation set to upright. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-christmas-mantel-2023.jpg", "date": { "start": "2023-11-18", "end": "2023-11-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M227", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the back of the cabin and its patio", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin from behind in summer: a gable end of hewn logs under a faded red metal roof, a door with a small porch roof, and a stone-edged patio with a clay chiminea on the grass beside it.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-back-and-patio.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M228", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the back corner, behind a large tree", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The back corner of the log cabin seen past the trunk of a large tree, with a small shed-roofed porch on one side and a grill and chiminea on the lawn.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-back-corner.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M229", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the chimney end in summer", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The chimney end of the cabin in summer: a tall fieldstone chimney on the log gable, a narrow glazed door beside it and the covered front porch turning the corner, among tall trees.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-chimney-end-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M230", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the chimney end, closer", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A closer upright view of the fieldstone chimney rising against the log gable end, with the glazed door at its side and green chairs on the porch beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 810 by 1018 pixels to 810 by 1018; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-chimney-end-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M231", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the chimney end and front porch", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin at an angle showing the stone chimney end and the long covered front porch with a bench and green chairs, partly screened by a young tree.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-chimney-and-porch.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M232", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the back patio beside the cabin wall", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A flagstone patio along the log wall of the cabin, with a kettle grill, a door and electric meter on the wall, and a low curved stone wall with a chiminea beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-patio-and-grill.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M233", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the patio's curved stone wall and fire pit", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The round flagstone patio behind the cabin, edged by a low curved stone wall, with a clay chiminea and a pile of branches on a raised stone circle and woods behind.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-patio-fire-pit.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M234", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the front door and porch bench", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The front porch close up: a wooden front door between two windows in the log wall, an iron and wood bench, and a flagstone step in front of the porch floor.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-porch-door.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M235", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the front porch from its end", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The front porch seen from its end: a blue bench against the log wall, the porch roof on wooden posts, and a small red-roofed shed far off among the trees.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-porch-side.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M236", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: looking out from the porch to the drive", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The view from the front porch past a bench and the porch posts to the gravel drive and the woods beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-porch-to-drive.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M237", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the main room, toward the front door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The empty main room: log walls with pale chinking, exposed ceiling joists, a board door, a small window, a floor lamp, and the newel post of the stair in the foreground.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-main-room-door.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M238", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the open stone fireplace", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The stone fireplace with an open hearth and no stove, between a glazed door and a corner cabinet, with the stair rail at the right and wide floorboards.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-fireplace.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M239", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the fireplace, cabinet and stair", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The main room showing the corner of the stone fireplace, a wooden corner cabinet, a board door and the stair climbing along the wall, under ceiling beams and a small gable window.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-fireplace-and-stair.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M240", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the main room from the stair", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Looking down from the top of the stair onto the main room's plank floor and the stone fireplace, with a floor lamp and windows beside it.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-main-room-from-above.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M241", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the upstairs room", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs room under a sloping board ceiling, with a bed, a small window in the log gable and a wooden stair railing.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-loft-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M242", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the upstairs room, toward the gable", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs room toward its gable end: a board ceiling with a ceiling fan and hanging lantern, two small windows in the log walls, and the stair railing across the foreground.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-loft-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M243", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: an upstairs window in the log gable", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A small square window in a log gable wall below a sloping board ceiling with a ceiling fan, and low beams across the floor.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-loft-window.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M244", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the stair, bathroom door and kitchen", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The wooden stair rising along a log wall, with an open door to the bathroom beside it and a glimpse of the kitchen through a second doorway.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-stair-and-bath.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M245", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: looking down the stair", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Looking down the narrow wooden stair from the upper floor, with its railing, log walls and the lit room below.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-stair-from-top.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M246", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the kitchen", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The small kitchen with wooden cabinets, a white refrigerator, stove, microwave and dishwasher, a board ceiling with a round light, and log walls at the side.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-kitchen.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M247", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the bathroom", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom with log walls, a pedestal sink under a mirror, a wooden toilet seat and a glass shower enclosure.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-bathroom-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M248", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the July 2015 listing: the bathroom, with its window", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S578", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the July 2015 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom from another angle: a window in the log wall, a towel ring, a pedestal sink and mirror, and a toilet with a wooden seat.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 810 by 1018 pixels to 810 by 1018; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015-bathroom-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M249", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end and front porch", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin from the chimney-end corner: a tall fieldstone chimney, a glazed door, the red roof and the covered front porch with green chairs, and a gravel path around it.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-chimney-and-porch.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M250", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end from the corner", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The chimney end of the cabin straight on: a fieldstone chimney with a glazed door beside it, the porch roof at the right and a gravel path curving past.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-chimney-corner.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M251", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the back patio and chimney", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The back corner of the cabin with the fieldstone chimney, a covered flagstone patio with a table and chairs, and a grill on a curved stone wall.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-back-patio-chimney.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M252", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the back, with the addition's door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The back of the cabin: a board-sided addition with a white door against the log walls, the patio with a table and chairs, and bare trees around.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-back-laundry-door.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M253", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin framed by a wooden arbor", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin seen in the distance through a wooden arbor with a bench under it, across an open yard in early spring.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-through-arbor.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M254", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: under the back patio roof", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The covered back patio: a glass-topped table with four chairs on flagstones under the patio roof, a board wall at the right and the yard and woods beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-patio-seating.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M255", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin from the air", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A low aerial view of the cabin from the chimney-end corner, showing its red roof, the stone chimney, the front porch and the gravel path, in bare early-spring woods.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M256", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin from the air, from the chimney side", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view of the cabin from its chimney side, with the red roof, the chimney, a curving gravel path and mulched clearing, and a track leading off into the woods.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M257", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the front of the cabin from the air", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view of the front of the cabin: the red roof and porch roof, the stone chimney at the left end, the porch with planters, and the gravel drive.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-3.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M258", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin from overhead", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Looking almost straight down on the cabin's red roof and chimney in a mulched clearing, with the gravel drive curving away between bare trees.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-overhead.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M259", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin and the country around it", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A high aerial view over bare woods and open farmland toward distant mountains, with the small red-roofed cabin in a clearing at the lower edge.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M260", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin and the valley, looking out", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view across woods, fields and scattered houses to a far mountain ridge, with the cabin and its drive small in the foreground.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M261", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin, the woods and the fields beyond", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view of the cabin in its clearing among bare trees, with tracks through the woods and open fields and a mountain ridge on the horizon.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-3.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M262", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin and a pond beyond the woods", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view with the cabin in the foreground, a drive winding through bare woods, a pond and houses in the middle distance and mountains beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-4.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M263", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin in its clearing, looking north", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The cabin in a mulched clearing seen from above, with its drive leading through bare woods toward a house and pond and fields reaching to the mountains.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-5.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M264", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the drive through the woods to the cabin", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "An aerial view of the gravel drive curving through bare woods to the small red-roofed cabin, with houses, fields and mountains in the distance.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-6.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M265", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin deep in the woods", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A wide aerial view over bare woods with the small red-roofed cabin in a clearing near the bottom and farmland and mountains on the horizon.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-7.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M266", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin from above the treetops", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Looking down over bare treetops on the cabin in its round clearing, with the drive running off through the woods and a band of pines behind.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 897 pixels to 1200 by 841; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-air-valley-8.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M267", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the main room, with the stair", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The main room with a sofa in the foreground, the stone fireplace and wood stove, a television, a blue chair and the stair along the log wall, under exposed beams.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-main-room-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M268", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the main room, toward the front door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The main room toward the front of the cabin: a sectional sofa under a window and the front door, a board door and mirror at the left, and log walls under exposed beams.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-main-room-3.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M269", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the fireplace wall", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The fireplace wall of the main room: the stone fireplace with a wood stove on its hearth, a mirror and sconces on the mantel, a glazed door, and a wall-mounted television.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-main-room-4.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M270", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the wood stove and stone hearth", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The stone fireplace with a black wood stove on its raised stone hearth, a mirror and plants on the wooden mantel, and a sofa beside a window.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-hearth.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M271", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the stair from the main room", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The wooden stair climbing to the loft along a log wall, with a blue chair, a doorway to the bathroom and the sofa at the right.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-stair.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M272", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the kitchen counter and stove", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The kitchen close up: oak cabinets, a microwave over a white electric stove, a dishwasher, and a strip of hewn log wall behind the counter.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-kitchen-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M273", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the kitchen's hewn log wall", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The kitchen from its doorway, showing a wall of broad hewn logs with pale chinking, a window with blinds, and cabinets and a sink at the left.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-kitchen-log-wall.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M274", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: from the kitchen into the main room", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "Looking from the kitchen past the refrigerator and cabinets into the main room, with the sofa and the stone fireplace beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-kitchen-to-main-room.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M275", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the bathroom", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom with log walls: a pedestal sink under a mirror and lights, open shelves with rolled towels, and a doorway through to the laundry room.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-bathroom-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M276", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the bathroom and shower", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom showing the pedestal sink and shelves beside a glass shower enclosure and a curtain, with log walls and a board ceiling.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-bathroom-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M277", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the bathroom sink and cabinet", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom sink close up, with a wall cabinet and mirror above, towels on hooks, and the laundry room visible through the doorway.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-bathroom-3.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M278", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the bathroom, toward the louvered door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The bathroom from the other side: a louvered door, shelves of towels, the shower, towels on hooks and a small stained-glass lamp on the wall.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-bathroom-4.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M279", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the laundry room", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A small laundry room with a washer and dryer under wooden shelves, a window with blinds and pale painted walls.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-laundry-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M280", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the laundry room and its door", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The laundry room from its doorway, with the washer and dryer, shelves above, a log wall at the left and a louvered door.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-laundry-2.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M281", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the upstairs bedroom", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs bedroom under a sloping white-painted board ceiling, with a bed, a lamp on a small table, log walls and a small window.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-loft-1.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M282", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the upstairs bedroom, head-on", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs bed seen head-on between two lamps on small tables, under a sloping ceiling, with a small window and the stair post at the left.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-loft-3.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M283", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the upstairs room toward the gable", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs room toward its gable end: a board ceiling with a ceiling fan and hanging light, small windows in the log walls, and a red stair railing beside the bed.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-loft-4.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M284", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the upstairs room and stair railing", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S577", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "The upstairs room from beside the bed, looking across the stair railing under the sloping board ceiling with a fan and a hanging lantern.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1280 by 898 pixels to 1200 by 842; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2019-loft-5.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M285", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: a corner of the cabin: log ends stacked at the corner, flattened log faces and pale chinking between the logs", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close view up the outside corner of the log cabin: the squared ends of logs stacked one above another, the flattened faces of the logs marked with short diagonal cuts, pale chinking filling the gaps between them, and the stone chimney and yard beyond.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-corner.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M286", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: rows of short cuts across a flattened log face, apparently scoring left when the log was hewn", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close, angled view along a log wall: one log's flattened face is crossed by a row of short, deep, roughly vertical cuts, with pale chinking above and below and the edge of a framed picture of a white egret hanging on the wall.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-tool-marks.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M287", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: a log end with its upper edge cut to a peak where the log above rests, showing growth rings and seasoning cracks", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close view of one log end at the corner: its upper edge is cut to a peak that fits under the log above, and its end grain shows fine growth rings around a small central hole and cracks radiating from the center, with chinking at the right.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-end-grain.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M288", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: a squared log end with a straight groove cut across it, growth rings and radial cracks", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close view of a squared log end at the corner, crossed by a straight horizontal groove near its middle, with fine growth rings, cracks radiating from the center and two round metal heads in the chinked joint beside it.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-log-end-groove.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M289", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: a log end with a shaped upper edge and crossing cut marks on its end grain", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close view of a weathered log end at the corner with a rounded, shaped upper edge under the log above, its end grain crossed by several straight diagonal cut lines and fine cracks, beside a chinked joint.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-log-end-marks.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M290", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: wide floorboards with knots, narrow gaps between boards and small dark marks that may be fastener heads or holes", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A low view along wide wooden floorboards under a glossy finish, showing knots, narrow gaps between the boards and scattered small dark marks, with the legs of a chair and table at the upper left.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2000 by 1500 pixels to 1200 by 900; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-floorboards.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M291", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: a rounded upright timber pocked with small holes beside an opening, framed by sawn boards under a log", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A close view of a rounded vertical timber, its surface pocked with many small holes and a nail near the top, standing beside a doorway between flat sawn boards, with a log above showing cracks in its end and a white wall-mounted unit at the upper left.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-upright-timber.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M292", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: two log faces with rows of short cuts, and a band of trowelled infill between them", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "A straight-on view of an interior log wall: two log faces with rough, fibrous surfaces crossed by rows of short vertical cuts, and between them a wide band of pale infill with swirled trowel marks, beside the edge of a sawn board.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 1500 by 2000 pixels to 900 by 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-log-faces-and-infill.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M293", "title": "Construction detail of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane: where a sawn beam meets the log wall, with infill around the logs", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Photographer not recorded", "source_id": "S579", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Date not recorded.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.", "alt": "An angled view up into a corner where a beam with a finely textured sawn face meets the rough, weathered faces of the logs, with a thin board between them and pale infill along the log joints.", "changes": "Scaled for web display from 2000 by 1500 pixels to 1200 by 900; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-detail-beam-and-wall.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M124", "title": "The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Listing photographer, not named (Bright MLS)", "source_id": "S441", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the listing first posted in July 2015; photograph date unknown.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its copyright holder is not named, and no license from that holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.redfin.com/VA/Berryville/410-Rock-Hall-Farm-Ln-22611/home/22011659", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.", "alt": "A two-story cabin of squared, hewn logs with pale chinking and a faded red metal roof, seen from the front under leafy trees. A covered porch runs across it with a wrought-iron bench and a small chest of drawers beside the door, and a fieldstone chimney rises at the left end.", "changes": "Scaled from 1280 pixels wide down to 1200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the file metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added; the Bright MLS mark is kept. The original is preserved unaltered", "display_path": "/assets/media/rock-hall-cabin-410-2015.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M400", "title": "The League's notice of the dedication in the Clarke Courier of August 14, 1930 (opening)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S600", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "August 1930: the dedication of the Clarke County Training School set for Friday, September 5, and the League's thanks for a modern six-teacher brick school. Clarke Courier, August 14, 1930, p. 6.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-08-14/ed-1/?sp=6", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 14, 1930, page 6. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The top of a newspaper item under the two-line headline \"Dedication of Colored School September 5th,\" set in two columns. It says the dedication of the Clarke County Training School in Josephine City is set for Friday, September 5, and that the Clarke County Improvement League thanks the public for a modern six-teacher brick school.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 1602 by 499 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 374 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-league-s-notice-of-the-dedication-in-the-clarke-courier-of-august-14-1930-opening.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-08-14", "end": "1930-08-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M401", "title": "The League's notice of the dedication in the Clarke Courier of August 14, 1930 (continuation)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S600", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The notice recalls T. C. Walker's word, nearly eight years before, of the help Mr. Rosenwald was offering if a like sum was raised: \"We more than met that requirement.\"", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-08-14/ed-1/?sp=6", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 14, 1930, page 6. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A narrow newspaper column continuing the dedication notice. It invites speakers and well-wishers, recalls Prof. T. C. Walker's visit nearly eight years earlier and the help Mr. Rosenwald was offering if a like sum was raised, names Prof. W. D. Gresham and Dr. J. M. Gandy as speakers, and is signed by the Clarke County Colored Improvement League.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (810 by 2290 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 810 and y 0 to 1670, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-league-s-notice-of-the-dedication-in-the-clarke-courier-of-august.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-08-14", "end": "1930-08-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M402", "title": "The principal's program for the dedication in the Clarke Courier of September 4, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S601", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The day before: seats reserved for white friends, Gresham and T. C. Walker, \"Rosenwald Agent,\" in the morning, and Dr. J. M. Gandy at night. Signed E. T. Johnson. Clarke Courier, September 4, 1930, p. 5.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-04/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 4, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Dedication of Colored School Friday Evening.\" It speaks of friendship and help between Black and white citizens, reserves special seats for white friends, names W. D. Gresham and T. C. Walker, Rosenwald Agent, as the morning speakers and Dr. J. M. Gandy for the night, and is signed E. T. Johnson.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 823 by 1741 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-principal-s-program-for-the-dedication-in-the-clarke-courier-of-se.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-09-04", "end": "1930-09-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M403", "title": "The dedication report in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 (first column)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S602", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The patrons' own report: the April 17 groundbreaking, \"narry rock\" and the rock pile, $375 for the digging and a $680 debt for chairs. Clarke Courier, September 11, 1930, p. 5.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column under the headline \"Dedicate Negro Training School\" and the subhead \"New Educational Building in Josephine City Ready for Opening Tomorrow,\" marked Contributed. It tells of the April 17 groundbreaking, the refused stone and the rock pile, the $375 cost of the digging, a $680 debt for chairs, and the contractor's haste.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 814 by 2769 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-dedication-report-in-the-clarke-courier-of-september-11-1930-first.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-09-11", "end": "1930-09-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M404", "title": "The dedication report in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 (continuation)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S602", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The report continued: the speakers, the songs and Dr. Gandy's address, and its closing appeal: \"the chairs are unpaid for, and our bond must be met.\"", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long single newspaper column continuing the dedication report. It thanks the public for an eight-year dream, compares the cornerstone crowd with the free dedication, describes the speakers Graham, Walker and Gandy, has a section headed \"The Day Goes Over Big\" on the songs and speeches, and ends with an appeal about the rock pile, the unpaid chairs, the bond and a travelling quartet.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (858 by 6995 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 858 and y 625 to 6995, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 808 by 6000, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-dedication-report-in-the-clarke-courier-of-september-11-1930-conti.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-09-11", "end": "1930-09-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M405", "title": "Item on a fall at the dedication in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S603", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., hurt in a fall from the platform at the dedication. Clarke Courier, September 11, 1930, p. 8.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-11/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item reporting that Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., is confined to her bed with injuries received when she slipped and fell from the platform at the dedication exercises for the new colored school the week before.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (849 by 2512 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 849 and y 1780 to 2060, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/item-on-a-fall-at-the-dedication-in-the-clarke-courier-of-september-11.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-09-11", "end": "1930-09-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M406", "title": "Opening enrollments in the Clarke Courier of September 18, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S604", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "September 1930: the enrollment of Black pupils in all the county's schools totals 350. Clarke Courier, September 18, 1930, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-09-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 18, 1930, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short passage of newspaper type giving the opening enrollment at the Boyce Agricultural High School and in the one-room rural schools, and ending with the enrollment of colored youths in all schools of the county, 350.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 795 by 340 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/opening-enrollments-in-the-clarke-courier-of-september-18-1930.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-09-18", "end": "1930-09-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M407", "title": "December attendance in the colored schools, Clarke Courier, January 15, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S605", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "December 1930 attendance: 93.8 per cent in the county's Black schools, 95.4 per cent at the Training School. Clarke Courier, January 15, 1931, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-01-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 15, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A paragraph of newspaper type on December attendance in the county's colored schools: 93.8 per cent in all, with figures for Louisville, Millwood, the Clarke County Training School at 95.4 per cent, Stonebridge, Boyce, White Post and Bristol.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 784 by 595 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/december-attendance-in-the-colored-schools-clarke-courier-january-15-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-01-15", "end": "1931-01-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M408", "title": "Announcement of a benefit operetta in the Clarke Courier of November 13, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S606", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1930: pupils of Sumner High School, Martinsburg, to present \"In India\" in the new auditorium for the school's benefit. Clarke Courier, November 13, 1930, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-11-13/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 13, 1930, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Operetta to Benefit New Colored School\": fifty pupils of the Sumner High School of Martinsburg are to present \"In India\" with their orchestra in the new school's auditorium in Josephine City, at 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (827 by 1876 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 827 and y 1120 to 1876, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-a-benefit-operetta-in-the-clarke-courier-of-november-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-11-13", "end": "1930-11-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M409", "title": "Report of the Training School's 1931 commencement in the Clarke Courier of June 4, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S607", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1, 1931: the commencement in the Training School auditorium, and a most successful session. Clarke Courier, June 4, 1931, p. 5.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-06-04/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 4, 1931, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Training School Finals Held Monday Night.\" It reports the June 1 commencement in the Training School auditorium with its speaker and invocation, lists the high-school graduates and the elementary pupils by school, reports a successful session, and begins a list of the county's colored teachers.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 830 by 2253 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-training-school-s-1931-commencement-in-the-clarke-courie.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-06-04", "end": "1931-06-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M412", "title": "Paragraph on the building debt assumed by the School League, Clarke Courier, April 30, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S608", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1931: the pageant's proceeds go to curtailment of the building debt assumed by the School League. Clarke Courier, April 30, 1931, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-04-30/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 30, 1931, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A single newspaper paragraph urging readers to boost the Berryville Training School pageant of May 15, crediting the school's supporters for the modern building and equipment, and saying the proceeds go to curtailment of the building debt assumed by the School League.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (839 by 2527 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 839 and y 930 to 1420, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/paragraph-on-the-building-debt-assumed-by-the-school-league-clarke-cou.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-04-30", "end": "1931-04-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M413", "title": "Announcement of the seventh annual pageant in the Clarke Courier of April 23, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S609", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1931: \"The Conflict,\" five hundred \"My Dollar\" envelopes, and the League's financial obligation. Signed E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton and Annie Banks. Clarke Courier, April 23, 1931, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-04-23/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 23, 1931, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School to Hold Seventh Annual Page'nt\": the May 15, 1931 pageant, the financial obligation assumed by the Clarke County School League, the open-air production \"The Conflict,\" five hundred \"My Dollar\" envelopes, and the committee of E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton and Annie Banks.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 824 by 1891 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-seventh-annual-pageant-in-the-clarke-courier-of-ap.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-04-23", "end": "1931-04-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M414", "title": "The League's Fall Festival appeal for the Building Debt Fund, Clarke Courier, October 8, 1931", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S610", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "October 1931: the $500.00 a year pledged to the School Board, and a festival ticket cut to 50 cents \"owing to the 'depression cry'.\" Clarke Courier, October 8, 1931, p. 5.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-10-08/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 8, 1931, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"Fall Festival October 23rd,\" for the Training School Building Debt Fund. A letter to friends about hard times is followed by the pledge of $500.00 a year to the School Board toward the school's upkeep and the ticket cut to 50 cents, signed by E. T. Johnson and Alma Layton for the County School League.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 799 by 3194 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-league-s-fall-festival-appeal-for-the-building-debt-fund-clarke-co.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-10-08", "end": "1931-10-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M415", "title": "Announcement of the 1934 pageant in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1934", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S611", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1934: the pageant as the yearly event to raise the $500 pledge toward the support of the Training School. Clarke Courier, April 26, 1934, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1934; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1934-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1934, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School to Give Pageant May 25\": the annual pageant announced by E. T. Johnson, principal, as the yearly event to raise the $500 pledge toward the support of the school, with the students' entries in several named contests. A drug-store advertising line runs at the foot.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 819 by 1313 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-1934-pageant-in-the-clarke-courier-of-april-26-193.jpg", "date": { "start": "1934-04-26", "end": "1934-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M416", "title": "Notice of the League's meeting in the Clarke Courier of September 12, 1935", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S612", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "September 1935: monthly meetings to plan the payment of debts on the school building and school bus. Clarke Courier, September 12, 1935, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1935; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-09-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 12, 1935, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Clarke Improvement League to Hold Session\": the League of the Clarke County Training School will meet on Monday night, September 16, and holds monthly meetings to plan the payment of debts on the school building and school bus.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (852 by 1779 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 852 and y 0 to 640, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/notice-of-the-league-s-meeting-in-the-clarke-courier-of-september-12-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1935-09-12", "end": "1935-09-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M417", "title": "Report of Dr. W. T. B. Williams's death in the Clarke Courier of April 3, 1941", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S613", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "April 1941: Dr. W. T. B. Williams, vice-president of Tuskegee, a native of Stone Bridge, known at home as Taylor Williams of Millwood. Clarke Courier, April 3, 1941, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1941; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-04-03/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 3, 1941, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Dr. W. T. B. Williams Succumbs March 26\" with the subhead \"Colored Native of Clarke County Was Vice-President of Tuskegee Institute.\" It gives his birth at Stone Bridge in 1869 and his schooling, and says few in the county knew him as Taylor Williams of Millwood.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (841 by 2320 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 841 and y 0 to 2270, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-dr-w-t-b-williams-s-death-in-the-clarke-courier-of-april-3-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1941-04-03", "end": "1941-04-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M418", "title": "The local tribute to Dr. Williams in the Clarke Courier of April 3, 1941 (continuation)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S613", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The tribute continues: the house he still owned, Hampton and Tuskegee, and his report on Negro education in Virginia. Initialled W. A. B.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1941; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-04-03/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 3, 1941, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The next newspaper column of the Williams tribute: his title to his boyhood home, his years at Hampton Institute and Tuskegee, his report on Negro education in Virginia for the legislature's commission, a remark by Col. Robert T. Barton, and the closing initials W. A. B.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 824 by 2453 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-local-tribute-to-dr-williams-in-the-clarke-courier-of-april-3-1941.jpg", "date": { "start": "1941-04-03", "end": "1941-04-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M419", "title": "Announcement of the new shop's dedication in the Clarke Courier of November 13, 1941", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S614", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1941: the shop to be dedicated to \"National Defense,\" and the school renamed the W. T. B. Williams Training School. Clarke Courier, November 13, 1941, p. 11.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1941; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-11-13/ed-1/?sp=11", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 13, 1941, page 11. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Training School to Dedicate New Shop\": the shop is to be dedicated on Sunday, November 16, to \"National Defense,\" with the program's speakers, the school's new name, the W. T. B. Williams Training School, and its growth to a value of $45,000.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1138 by 2018 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-new-shop-s-dedication-in-the-clarke-courier-of-nov.jpg", "date": { "start": "1941-11-13", "end": "1941-11-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M420", "title": "Announcement of the 1944 pageants with the principal's statement, Clarke Courier, May 25, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S615", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1944: six pageants, and farewell to \"the last sacrificial effort through pageants.\" Clarke Courier, May 25, 1944, p. 4.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-05-25/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 25, 1944, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Colored Schools to Stage Pageants\": the May 31 pageants in the W. T. B. Williams Training School auditorium and a statement by the Rev. E. T. Johnson listing each school's presentation and bidding farewell to the pageants before he leaves the school system in June.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1004 by 3628 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1004 and y 0 to 2700, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/announcement-of-the-1944-pageants-with-the-principal-s-statement-clark.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-05-25", "end": "1944-05-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M421", "title": "Obituary of the Rev. E. T. Johnson, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945 (his birth)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S533", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary's paragraph on his birth in Brunswick County, Va., on August 19, 1873. Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945, p. 10.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=10", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "One paragraph of a newspaper obituary: the Rev. Johnson was the son of the Rev. C. C. Johnson and Kate Ann Brown Johnson of Blackstone, was born in Brunswick county, Va., on August 19, 1873, and was educated in the church schools of that county.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1020 by 4041 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1020 and y 2820 to 3330, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/obituary-of-the-rev-e-t-johnson-clarke-courier-november-22-1945-his-bi.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-11-22", "end": "1945-11-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M422", "title": "Letter on the Rev. E. T. Johnson in the Clarke Courier of December 13, 1945 (first column)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S616", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "December 1945: a letter to the editor on Johnson's influence, set beside Booker T. Washington and William Taylor Burwell Williams. Clarke Courier, December 13, 1945, p. 8.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 13, 1945, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The first column of a letter beginning \"Editor, The Courier, Sir:\" about the Rev. E. T. Johnson. It says the paper's notice reviewed his positions but reached no conclusion on his influence, and sets him beside Booker T. Washington and William Taylor Burwell Williams.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1028 by 1931 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/letter-on-the-rev-e-t-johnson-in-the-clarke-courier-of-december-13-1945-first-column.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-12-13", "end": "1945-12-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M423", "title": "Letter on the Rev. E. T. Johnson in the Clarke Courier of December 13, 1945 (continuation)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S616", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The letter continues: his influence seen at the school's public occasions, and \"a guide and counsellor to his people.\" Signed W. A. Bradford.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 13, 1945, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The second column of the letter: Johnson's influence seen in his pupils at the school's public occasions, his preaching, and the debt owed to his memory as a guide and counsellor to his people, signed W. A. Bradford.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (994 by 2454 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 994 and y 0 to 2300, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/letter-on-the-rev-e-t-johnson-in-the-clarke-courier-of-december-13-194.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-12-13", "end": "1945-12-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M424", "title": "The White Post observation post sold, Clarke Courier, August 2, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S617", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The White Post observation post is sold for $150 and moved next door; the item notes that a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-02/ed-1/?sp=15", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 2, 1945, page 15. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Observation Post At White Post Sold.\" It reports that the post was sold to W. R. Thompson for $150 and moved to his adjoining property, notes that a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction, and says the proceeds go to the County Nurse Association; a last paragraph says the heating stove will be auctioned later.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1142 by 1877 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-white-post-observation-post-sold-clarke-courier-august-2-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-02", "end": "1945-08-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M425", "title": "A \"Dear Dan\" letter from the air spotter post, Clarke Courier, April 8, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S618", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The \"Dear Dan\" columnist writes from a quiet night on duty at the air spotter post: no planes, old magazines, a new lamp shade and a red pair of dice.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-04-08/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 8, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A narrow newspaper column beginning \"Dear Dan: I'll probably have to write this in spurts.\" The writer describes listening for airplanes on duty at the air spotter post, the out-of-date magazines, a new lamp shade he thinks was a gift from Mrs. Ernest Locke, the fire gone out, and a red pair of dice on the table.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1114 by 2062 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-dear-dan-letter-from-the-air-spotter-post-clarke-courier-april-8-194.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-04-08", "end": "1943-04-08", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M426", "title": "The editorial \"Spotting Airplanes,\" Clarke Courier, January 21, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S619", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's editorial page of January 21, 1943: \"Spotting Airplanes,\" at the foot of the first column and continuing at the head of the second, says the Berryville post cannot fill its shifts.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-01-21/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 21, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper editorial page under the masthead \"The Clarke Courier,\" dated Thursday, January 21, 1943. Below an editorial on the plight of the farmer, the editorial \"Spotting Airplanes\" begins at the foot of the left column and continues at the top of the right column; letters to the editor and an obituary fill the lower right.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 4010 by 5902 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1766 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-editorial-spotting-airplanes-clarke-courier-january-21-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-01-21", "end": "1943-01-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M427", "title": "A bingo and fun festival for the Boyce spotter post, Clarke Courier, February 4, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S620", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Boyce plans a bingo and fun festival at the high school to pay off what is still owed on its spotter post.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-02-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 4, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Boyce Plans Bingo And Fun Festival.\" It says a bingo and fun festival will be held in the Boyce High School on Friday night, February 5, for the benefit of the spotter post in Boyce, to wipe out the debt on the post, which contributions did not fully cover.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1070 by 2458 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1070 and y 1010 to 1830, which leaves out an American Legion item above it and a Minute Men notice below it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-bingo-and-fun-festival-for-the-boyce-spotter-post-clarke-courier-feb.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-02-04", "end": "1943-02-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M428", "title": "Aircraft-recognition classes begin, Clarke Courier, March 25, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S621", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Spotters begin training to identify planes by type; the district director explains why, and the post asks for about $30 for a summer awning.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-03-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 25, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper article headed \"Aircraft Warning Service Begins New Classes,\" with the subhead \"Spotters To Train To Identify Various Types Of Planes; Awning Needed At Post.\" It names Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce as the instructor, trained in Baltimore, reports Edwin C. Parker on reporting planes by type and name, and asks for contributions toward an awning costing about $30.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1092 by 3496 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/aircraft-recognition-classes-begin-clarke-courier-march-25-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-03-25", "end": "1943-03-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M429", "title": "A class of ten spotters completes the course, Clarke Courier, April 22, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S622", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Ten Berryville spotters complete the aircraft-recognition course; classes are planned or under way at White Post and Boyce.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-04-22/ed-1/?sp=15", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 22, 1943, page 15. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Class Of 10 Spotters Complete Course Here.\" It says a class of ten spotters at the Berryville post completed classes conducted by Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce, trained in Baltimore, lists the ten by name, and reports classes planned at White Post and under way at Boyce.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1041 by 1905 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1041 and y 0 to 1500, which leaves out a war-bond slogan below it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-class-of-ten-spotters-completes-the-course-clarke-courier-april-22-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-04-22", "end": "1943-04-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M430", "title": "A rummage sale for the spotter post, Clarke Courier, May 13, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S623", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Berryville post announces a rummage sale in the old post office building and asks those who cannot spot planes to send articles.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-05-13/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 13, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Rummage Sale To Benefit Spotter Post.\" It announces a rummage sale in the old postoffice building in Berryville on Saturday, May 29, for the Observation Post on Rosemont Circle, and asks people unable to spot planes to send a contribution or article.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1059 by 1389 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-rummage-sale-for-the-spotter-post-clarke-courier-may-13-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-05-13", "end": "1943-05-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M431", "title": "The rummage sale's result, Clarke Courier, June 3, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S624", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The rummage sale for the plane spotting post clears more than $75; with contributions, nearly $100.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-03/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 3, 1943, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper local column headed \"Berryville,\" \"Continued from Page Two.\" A paragraph reports that the rummage sale held on Saturday for the plane spotting post in Berryville made a profit of over $75.00, nearly $100 with contributions, and that Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey and Mrs. Harry Warden were in charge.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1078 by 1860 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1078 and y 0 to 955, which leaves out the column's later paragraphs on other local news, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-rummage-sale-s-result-clarke-courier-june-3-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-06-03", "end": "1943-06-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M432", "title": "The editorial \"Doing All You Can, Brother?,\" Clarke Courier, June 10, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S625", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's editorial of June 10, 1943 calls it \"a crying shame\" that fewer than 56 of Berryville's 1,200 people will give three hours a week to the post.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-10/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 10, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper editorial headed \"Doing All You Can, Brother?\" beneath the lower part of the masthead box, dated Thursday, June 10, 1943. It says the air spotter post and the Red Cross room are both falling behind, that fewer than 56 of Berryville's 1,200 people will give three hours weekly, and it ends by asking whether readers are doing all they can.", "changes": "The retained JPEG image of 2041 by 3737 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 2197 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-editorial-doing-all-you-can-brother-clarke-courier-june-10-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-06-10", "end": "1943-06-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M433", "title": "Observers' wings in the \"Dear Dan\" column, Clarke Courier, October 14, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S626", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The \"Dear Dan\" letter notes that many people around the county are wearing observers' wings received by mail, among news of the flu, a card from away and war bonds.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-10-14/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 14, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The closing part of a newspaper column of short local notes separated by dots. One note says many of the county's citizenry are sporting wings on their lapels, received through the mails, signifying that they were observers in the Air Warning Service; others mention a card from Rev. Ed Vaughan, a touch of the flu and war bonds.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1082 by 1884 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/observers-wings-in-the-dear-dan-column-clarke-courier-october-14-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-10-14", "end": "1943-10-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M434", "title": "The county begins planning for harvest labor, Clarke Courier, April 13, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S627", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The county agriculture committee begins planning for the 1944 harvest and learns that war prisoners will not be available.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-04-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 13, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper article headed \"County Farm Group Begins Study Of Labor Problems,\" subhead \"For Harvest Seasons This Summer And Autumn.\" It reports that war prisoners would not be available for the county and lists the Woman's Land Army, high school boys, vacationists from Washington, contract labor and convict labor, ending with a note that it continues on page sixteen.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1162 by 2907 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-county-begins-planning-for-harvest-labor-clarke-courier-april-13-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-04-13", "end": "1944-04-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M435", "title": "The county agent's report on farm labor in 1944, Clarke Courier, January 18, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S628", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The county agent's report for 1944, as the Courier printed it: wages, boys and school children, Bahaman and Jamaican workers, State Road convicts and German war prisoners, in the report's own words.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-01-18/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 18, 1945, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Two columns of small newspaper type from the county agent's report. They describe the June hearing on prevailing wages, boys from Arlington and Washington, school children and college girls, Bahaman workers housed in Frederick County, State Road convicts cutting corn, 103 Kentuckians and 118 Jamaicans at the Castleman Ferry Camp, and German war prisoners in a packing shed, ending with a line that the report continues on page eleven.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (3078 by 5982 pixels): the rectangle from x 1040 to 3078 and y 60 to 4795, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 2788, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-county-agent-s-report-on-farm-labor-in-1944-clarke-courier-january.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-01-18", "end": "1945-01-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M436", "title": "The county agent's report continued: children let out of school for the harvest, Clarke Courier, January 18, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S629", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The report's continuation: the school board allowed 20 days, then let approved children stay out until October 31; 169 were approved of more than two hundred investigated.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-01-18/ed-1/?sp=11", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 18, 1945, page 11. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "One column of newspaper type continuing the county agent's report. It says the school board agreed to only 20 days, then let approved children remain out until October 31 with every child in school on November 1, that 169 children were approved of over two hundred investigated, and that farmers thanked the convicts and others who helped.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2104 by 4426 pixels): the rectangle from x 1050 to 2040 and y 56 to 1563, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-county-agent-s-report-continued-children-let-out-of-school-for-the.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-01-18", "end": "1945-01-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M437", "title": "\"Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe,\" Clarke Courier, February 4, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S630", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "February 1943: Mrs. Pope believes her son Ralph, missing since May 7, 1942, is safe; two more sons serve overseas, a fourth is eligible and a daughter hopes to join the WAACs.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-02-04/ed-1/?sp=12", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 4, 1943, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe.\" It reports that Ralph Pope, missing since May 7, 1942, was at Manila, and names his brothers Janey Lee in England and Robert Edward abroad, Garland Iden, 18, eligible for service, and a sister, Eva Corinne, 16, eager to join the WAACs.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1091 by 1922 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/mother-believes-son-missing-is-safe-clarke-courier-february-4-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-02-04", "end": "1943-02-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M438", "title": "Ralph Pope reported a prisoner of the Japanese, Clarke Courier, May 27, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S631", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1943: the War Department, through the International Red Cross, reports Technical Sergeant Ralph W. Pope a prisoner of war of the Japanese.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-05-27/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 27, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item whose headline names Sergeant Ralph Pope as a prisoner of the Japanese. It reports War Department word, received through the International Red Cross, that he is a prisoner of war, taken in the Philippine Island campaign and first reported missing as of May 7, 1942.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1075 by 1590 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-reported-a-prisoner-of-the-japanese-clarke-courier-may-27-1.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-05-27", "end": "1943-05-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M439", "title": "The first card from Ralph Pope, Clarke Courier, August 26, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S632", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "August 1943, from the paper's service-news column: the Popes' first card direct from their son, a prisoner of the Japanese in the Philippines.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-08-26/ed-1/?sp=13", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 26, 1943, page 13. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item from a column of service news. It reports that Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope have received their first word direct from their son, Tech. Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese: a form card saying he is interned, his health is good, and he is uninjured and well.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1126 by 4371 pixels): the rectangle from x 110 to 1080 and y 1115 to 2080, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-first-card-from-ralph-pope-clarke-courier-august-26-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-08-26", "end": "1943-08-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M440", "title": "\"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy,\" Clarke Courier, November 4, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S633", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Carl Herbert Pope enlists in the Navy on the last Saturday of October 1943, the fourth Pope son in service; he had been working in the post office.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-11-04/ed-1/?sp=12", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 4, 1943, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy.\" It reports that Carl Herbert Pope enlisted in the U.S. Navy and was sent to Bainbridge, Maryland, that three older brothers are Army sergeants overseas, and that he was born July 30, 1926 and worked in the post office.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1030 by 2318 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/fourth-pope-boy-enlists-in-navy-clarke-courier-november-4-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-11-04", "end": "1943-11-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M441", "title": "Mrs. Pope believes her son is all right, Clarke Courier, February 3, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S634", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "February 1944: despite the reports of atrocities against prisoners, Mrs. Fred H. Pope says she feels her son is all right.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-02-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 3, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item whose headline says a mother believes her son, a prisoner of the Japanese, is all right. It reports that Mrs. Fred H. Pope of near Berryville feels Sergeant Ralph W. Pope is all right despite the Army-Navy atrocity report, and that his cards speak of good treatment.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1123 by 1533 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/mrs-pope-believes-her-son-is-all-right-clarke-courier-february-3-1944.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-02-03", "end": "1944-02-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M442", "title": "\"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan,\" Clarke Courier, November 16, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S635", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1944: the War Department wires the Popes the text of an intercepted Japanese propaganda broadcast from their son, now in Japan.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-11-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 16, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan.\" It prints a War Department wire quoting an intercepted Japanese propaganda broadcast in which Ralph tells his mother he is getting along fine and is now in Japan.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1121 by 1635 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sergt-ralph-pope-prisoner-in-japan-clarke-courier-november-16-1944.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-11-16", "end": "1944-11-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M443", "title": "\"Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany,\" Clarke Courier, December 28, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S636", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "December 1944: Staff Sergeant Janey Lee Pope is killed in action in Germany; so far as the paper could learn, the first Clarke County soldier killed in the war.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-12-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 28, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed \"Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany,\" with subheads calling him the first Clarke County fatality of the war and noting a brother held prisoner. It gives his death on December 19, his visit to his brother Robert in France, and the family he left.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1058 by 3239 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sgt-janey-l-pope-killed-in-action-in-germany-clarke-courier-december-2.jpg", "segment_id": "G1353", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-12-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "janey-lee-pope" ], "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1944-12-28", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1944-12-28", "end": "1944-12-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M444", "title": "\"Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System,\" Clarke Courier, May 31, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S637", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "May 1945: Staff Sergeant Robert Pope, discharged after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, one of the first Clarke soldiers, if not the first, released under the point system.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 31, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed \"Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System.\" It reports that Staff Sergeant Robert Pope was discharged May 21 after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, with 112 points, and gives news of his brothers.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1096 by 2948 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sgt-pope-first-county-dischargee-under-point-system-clarke-courier-may.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-05-31", "end": "1945-05-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M445", "title": "The false surrender report, Clarke Courier, May 3, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S638", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Berryville celebrates a false report of Germany's surrender for an hour or so, and the V-E Day committee holds back its plans.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-03/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 3, 1945, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"Berryville Goes Wild For An Hour Or So Before Report Is Denied.\" It reports that the town blew the fire siren, rang the fire bell and paraded the fire truck through the streets, and that the V-E Day committee considered a service at Main and Church Streets but withheld its plans.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1095 by 2262 pixels): the rectangle from x 60 to 1010 and y 0 to 2180, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-false-surrender-report-clarke-courier-may-3-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-05-03", "end": "1945-05-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M446", "title": "V-E Day in the \"Dear Dan\" letter, Clarke Courier, May 10, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S639", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The \"Dear Dan\" letter calls V-E Day in Berryville a tame affair: the radio, the President's proclamation, church bells and the siren, closed stores and church.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-05-10/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 10, 1945, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The opening paragraph of the \"Dear Dan\" letter column, beneath the edge of the column's drawn heading. It says Berryville's V-E Day was a tame affair compared with the false surrender celebration, and that people stood by the radio, rang church bells and the siren, closed the stores and went to church.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1086 by 1349 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/v-e-day-in-the-dear-dan-letter-clarke-courier-may-10-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-05-10", "end": "1945-05-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M447", "title": "The county hears of Japan's surrender, Clarke Courier, August 16, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S640", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The county report of V-J night: the radio at seven o'clock, sirens, bells and horns, packed churches, a community service and bonfires at the four corners.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "One column of a front-page report under the subhead \"County In Hilarious and Sober Mood As News Is Flashed Over Radio; Holiday Observed.\" It describes the news arriving by radio, people shouting in the streets, the community service at the Berryville Baptist Church and bonfires fed by boys and girls, ending with a note that it continues on page nine.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2096 by 3824 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1055 and y 510 to 3824, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-county-hears-of-japan-s-surrender-clarke-courier-august-16-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-16", "end": "1945-08-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M448", "title": "Ralph Pope expected to be freed, Clarke Courier, August 16, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S640", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "On the V-J front page: Sergt. Ralph Pope, a captive since the fall of the Philippines, will be or has already been liberated, it is believed.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short front-page item headed \"Sgt. Pope, Jap Captive, Expected To Be Freed.\" Two paragraphs say Sergt. Ralph Pope will be or has been liberated, it is believed, and that he is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. Pope of Berryville.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1125 by 1741 pixels): the rectangle from x 80 to 1125 and y 0 to 985, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-expected-to-be-freed-clarke-courier-august-16-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-16", "end": "1945-08-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M449", "title": "The blood program ends, Clarke Courier, August 23, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S641", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A telegram to the county's Red Cross blood donor chairman ends blood collections; the headline gives 1,425 pints in ten visits.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 23, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page item headed \"During Ten Visits Here, Mobile Unit Collected 1,425 Pints Of Blood.\" It prints a telegram from Red Cross national headquarters, received by Mrs. Ralph Dorsey, ordering blood procurement discontinued after the Japanese surrender, and ends with a note that it continues on page nine.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1083 by 2887 pixels): the rectangle from x 65 to 1045 and y 0 to 1590, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-blood-program-ends-clarke-courier-august-23-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-23", "end": "1945-08-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M450", "title": "The letter turns to Ralph Pope, Clarke Courier, August 23, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S642", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "An editor's note says Dan Morrison is home on furlough; that week's letter is addressed to Ralph Pope.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-23/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 23, 1945, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A narrow newspaper column. An editor's note in parentheses says Dan Morrison, written to weekly for over three years, is home on furlough; below it a letter begins \"Dear Ralph Pope\" and goes on about canned goods off ration points, the speed limit raised from 35 to 50, and cigarettes.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1107 by 3420 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1015 and y 0 to 3285, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-letter-turns-to-ralph-pope-clarke-courier-august-23-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-23", "end": "1945-08-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M451", "title": "Ralph Pope liberated, Clarke Courier, October 4, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S643", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A cable from Manila tells the Popes their son has been liberated; the paper notes the family had only five prisoner-of-war postcards and one letter in all.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-10-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 4, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page article headed \"Sergt. Ralph Pope Liberated From Japanese Camp\" with the subhead \"Berryville Soldier Now In Manila Awaiting Transportation Home.\" It prints his cable home and says little is known of his rescue, ending with a note that it continues on page sixteen.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1128 by 4136 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1035 and y 0 to 2470, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-liberated-clarke-courier-october-4-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-10-04", "end": "1945-10-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M452", "title": "Ralph Pope home in Clarke, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S644", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A local item: after Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton, Sergt. Ralph Pope arrived in Clarke on Saturday night.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-22/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A single paragraph of newspaper type saying Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope have with them their son, Sergt. Ralph Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese since 1942, who had been at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton and arrived in Clarke on Saturday night.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1083 by 1764 pixels): the rectangle from x 70 to 1003 and y 275 to 870, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-home-in-clarke-clarke-courier-november-22-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-11-22", "end": "1945-11-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M453", "title": "Ralph Pope's account, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S645", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Ralph Pope tells the Courier of 40 months as a prisoner; the paper notes that some of what he told could not be printed.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-20/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long single-column article headed \"Sgt. Pope Relates Beatings By Japs As War Prisoner,\" with the subhead \"Berryville Soldier Was Captured At Corregidor And Held For 40 Months.\" It follows his capture, his work driving a bus and trucks, the 1,025 men in a ship's hold and the Hanawa copper mine, ending with a note that it continues on page eighteen.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 1099 by 5938 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-s-account-clarke-courier-december-20-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-12-20", "end": "1945-12-20", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M454", "title": "Ralph Pope's account continued, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S646", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The continuation of Pope's account: the beating that broke his arm, no medical care, and his weight of 95 pounds when he was freed.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-20/ed-1/?sp=18", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 18. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The continuation of a newspaper article headed \"Sgt. Pope, Continued from Page Three.\" It quotes him on being beaten by guards, knocked out and having his arm broken with no medical attention, and says he was down to 95 pounds when liberated.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2035 by 6051 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1025 and y 4390 to 6051, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/ralph-pope-s-account-continued-clarke-courier-december-20-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-12-20", "end": "1945-12-20", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M455", "title": "Food drops, leave and discharges, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S646", "illustrates_story": "clarke-home-front-1943-1945-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of Pope's account: food drops from August 25, his leave from January 7 and his plan to re-enlist; below, twenty county men are discharged.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-12-20/ed-1/?sp=18", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 18. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The top of a newspaper column finishing Ralph Pope's account: American planes dropped food until September 16, he sailed to Manila, Seattle and Staunton, and he has three months' leave before he will re-enlist. Below is the headline \"Twenty County Men Receive Discharges\" and its first paragraph.", "changes": "A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2035 by 6051 pixels): the rectangle from x 1054 to 2035 and y 109 to 1305, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/food-drops-leave-and-discharges-clarke-courier-december-20-1945.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-12-20", "end": "1945-12-20", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M410", "title": "The School Board's teacher list for 1931-'32 in the Clarke Courier of June 11, 1931 (opening)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S131", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 11, 1931: \"Teachers for 1931-'32 Chosen\". The colored schools had thirteen teachers, six of them the Training School's faculty. Clarke Courier, June 11, 1931, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-06-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 11, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Teachers for 1931-'32 Chosen\" and \"School Board Announces Roster Of Teachers Elected For All Clarke Schools.\" It says the School Board has named fifty-four teachers for the 1931-'32 session and that the colored schools of the county have thirteen teachers, six of whom compose the faculty of the Clarke County Training School.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 800 by 1215 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-school-board-s-teacher-list-for-1931-32-in-the-clarke-courier-of-june-11-1931-opening.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-06-11", "end": "1931-06-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M411", "title": "The School Board's teacher list for 1931-'32 in the Clarke Courier of June 11, 1931 (the colored schools)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S131", "illustrates_story": "clarke-training-school-dedication-debt-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The same list: the Clarke County Training School's E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson, and Morgan Edwards, agricultural instructor. Clarke Courier, June 11, 1931, p. 1.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1931-06-11/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 11, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "Part of the same list, under \"Teachers in the colored schools of the county\": Clarke County Training School, E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson; Morgan Edwards, Agricultural Instructor; then the teachers for Louisville and the county's other schools.", "changes": "The retained file itself, shown at its own 815 by 585 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-school-board-s-teacher-list-for-1931-32-in-the-clarke-courier-of-j.jpg", "date": { "start": "1931-06-11", "end": "1931-06-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M456", "title": "Illustration for the Clarke County Fair, by Michael Oak", "medium": "document", "creator": "Michael Oak", "source_id": "S647", "illustrates_story": "ruritan-fair", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A contemporary illustration made for the fair, not a historical photograph or a survey of the grounds. Its pavilion, county outline, animals, Ferris wheel and organizational emblems (Ruritan National, Scouts, FFA, 4-H) are design elements; none of them shows the fairgrounds as they have actually looked in any particular year, and their presence is not an endorsement by, or a license from, those organizations.", "context_disclosure": null, "rights_statement": "Shown with the authorization of Michael Oak, who supplied the artwork on September 27, 2026 and stated he created it and owns all rights to it. No independent copyright clearance is recorded for the third-party organizational emblems reproduced within the composite; treat them as part of the supplied illustration, not as separately licensed marks.", "rights_url": null, "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Illustration supplied by Michael Oak.", "alt": "A stylized outline of Clarke County containing a white pavilion labeled “Home of the Clarke County Fair,” with a tree, mountains and a Ferris wheel behind it. In front, a boy leads a black steer, a girl leads a horse, another girl leads a pig, past the pavilion. A Ruritan National seal shines above the roofline. Below, “Clarke County Fair” in large letters, with the Boy Scouts, FFA and 4-H emblems beneath.", "changes": "Scaled from 1667 by 2000 pixels down to 1334 by 1600 and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-county-fair-illustration-2026.jpg", "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M457", "title": "The naming sentence: \"From this Battlespring the name of Battletown was given,\" Clarke Courier, March 22, 1883", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.; reprinted from the Leesburg Mirror", "source_id": "S442", "illustrates_story": "battletown", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "An 1883 printed explanation of the name, not a contemporary witness to the town's eighteenth-century origin and not a depiction of Daniel Morgan or the spring itself. Writing under the pen name \"Tramp\" for the Leesburg Mirror, reprinted here, the correspondent gives Battle Spring's rough-and-tumble reputation as his reason the neighboring village was called Battletown, and says he wished the name had been kept.", "context_disclosure": "Shows only the correspondent's own naming sentence, not the fuller passage on the spring's Saturday-evening fights or the following paragraph on Daniel Morgan's grave; both are on the same reproduced page in the story's evidence packet.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published March 22, 1883, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1883-03-22/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 22, 1883, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A crop of a nineteenth-century newspaper column. It reads: “From this Battlespring the name of Battletown was given to the neighboring village, and don't you think that it ought to have kept that name? The rough and tumble, but comparatively harmless, battles around that old spring served to toughen the sinews of Morgan and the riflemen who followed him, for the endurance of the hardships of other battles, upon the issue of which hung the world's hopes of civi[lization]—”, continuing off the bottom edge of the crop.", "changes": "The 'naming sentence' detail already prepared and hash-verified for this story's September 23, 2026 source check, from the Library of Congress page image's own IIIF service. Served at its own 780 by 560 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded, and no file metadata added. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/battletown-naming-sentence-1883.jpg", "date": { "start": "1883-03-22", "end": "1883-03-22", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M458", "title": "The Virginia appropriations list, naming Mary F. Lewis, Act of March 3, 1899", "medium": "document", "creator": "United States Congress", "source_id": "S455", "illustrates_story": "locust-grove-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Detail of the 1899 act's entry for Mary F. Lewis of Clarke County: \"one thousand and two dollars.\" This records an appropriation, not evidence that the Treasury paid it.", "context_disclosure": "A detail of the printed appropriations list, not the whole page. The complete line for Mary F. Lewis is shown, along with four neighboring lines; the entries immediately before and after this group are excluded. The full printed page (Statutes at Large, p. 1185) is reproduced whole in this story's downloadable evidence packet (PDF page 6) and at the source link (PDF page 25).", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a United States statute printed in 1899 (S455). This item-level basis covers this page image; it does not extend a public-domain status to any other item in the accepted evidence packet.", "rights_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-30/pdf/STATUTE-30-Pg1161.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "United States Congress, Act of March 3, 1899, ch. 426, 30 Stat. 1185. Digital reproduction via govinfo, U.S. Government Publishing Office.", "alt": "A detail of a printed page listing appropriations by name, five lines. It names James H. Kennan of Clarke County for two hundred and thirty-seven dollars; Saint Clair D. Kirtley and Francis W. Kirtley of Rockingham County for nine hundred and ninety-six dollars; Mary F. Lewis of Clarke County for one thousand and two dollars; Jacob H. Lindsey of Rockingham County for nine hundred and seventy-one dollars; and John Mulholland, Peter Mulholland, and Patrick Mulholland of Fairfax County for six hundred and thirty dollars.", "changes": "Extracted losslessly (its own embedded PNG image, byte for byte) from packet page 7 of the accepted Locust Grove evidence packet, itself a 200 dpi render of the rectangle (60,238) to (468,322) in PDF points on the source PDF's page 25 (packet page 6 reproduces that full source page). Not scaled, cropped again, sharpened, recolored or reconstructed; re-encoded as JPEG for the web derivative only.", "display_path": "/assets/media/locust-grove-lewis-appropriation-statute-detail.jpg", "date": { "start": "1899-03-03", "end": "1899-03-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M459", "title": "\"Warden is Partner in Orchard Purchase\", Clarke Courier, July 26, 1928", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S482", "illustrates_story": "sprint-bellview-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier reported Ashby Sprint and Harry C. Warden's acquisition near Kabletown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, in July 1928. This is not the Bellview farm.", "context_disclosure": "The complete article as held, cropped from the newspaper's page 4; a newspaper report, not a deed. Its acreage (600 acres, about 250 in orchard) differs from the 579 acres, 285 in orchard, reported in 1932, and the two are not reconciled here. The packing house's output is reported as \"it was said\", not independently verified.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1928, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1928-07-26/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 26, 1928, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper clipping headlined \"Warden is Partner in Orchard Purchase.\" It reports that Ashby Sprint of Winchester and Harry C. Warden of Clarke County had concluded negotiations for the property of Logan Shutt near Kabletown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, and were taking possession at once: 600 acres, about 250 of them in apple orchard, a large packing house on the farm, and a crop of 20,000 barrels of apples expected that year. It adds that the packing house had often turned out 1,000 barrels of packed apples a day, \"it was said\", that there were also five dwelling houses on the place, and that Mr. Shutt had farmed and grown fruit in Jefferson County for many years before moving to Florida five or six years earlier.", "changes": "The complete clipping, its own native JPEG stream, extracted byte for byte from packet page 5 of the accepted Sprint/Bellview evidence packet: not scaled, not re-cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR'd, recolored or reconstructed. The retained original is exactly the packet's own embedded image bytes; the served file is re-encoded as JPEG only for the web derivative.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sprint-kabletown-orchard-purchase-report-1928.jpg", "date": { "start": "1928-07-26", "end": "1928-07-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M460", "title": "\"No Arrest\", Clarke Courier, October 27, 1869", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S473", "illustrates_story": "alec-cary-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's \"No Arrest\" item reported an unsuccessful attempt to find Pinkey and printed the dead man's name as \"Alec, (or Elliott) Cary.\" Clarke Courier, October 27, 1869, p. 3.", "context_disclosure": "The complete \"No Arrest\" item within a crop of the newspaper page; fragments of neighboring items remain. The newspaper's original wording, including period racial language, is retained. This is reporting, not a court record or verdict; it does not establish what happened afterward.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1869, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1869-10-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 27, 1869, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed \"No Arrest.\" It reports that Constable Fryer went a few days earlier to Madison county, the former residence of the man the item names Pinkey, who was reported to have killed \"Alec, (or Elliott) Cary,\" for the purpose of arresting him on a report that he was there; that the report turned out to be false; and that the people of his old neighborhood had only heard of the killing a few days before the constable's arrival. Fragments of neighboring newspaper items are visible above, below and to the right of it.", "changes": "Retrieved unchanged from the accepted historical Git blob (research/publication-prep/cary-followup-2026-09-24/captures/cc-1869-10-27-p3-no-arrest.jpg at commit 544c61f9, integrated by PR #589), itself the Library of Congress page-image region x=100, y=5220, width=820, height=580 of a 5268 by 7640 pixel scan: not scaled, not re-cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR'd, recolored, censored or reconstructed. Re-encoded as JPEG only for the web derivative.", "display_path": "/assets/media/cary-no-arrest-clarke-courier-1869-10-27.jpg", "date": { "start": "1869-10-27", "end": "1869-10-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M461", "title": "The Old Chapel, photographed by T. W. Whitaker, 1906", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "T. W. Whitaker, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S427", "illustrates_story": "old-chapel-burial-record", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Old Chapel, photographed in 1906 by T. W. Whitaker of Berryville.", "context_disclosure": "The book’s own frontispiece photograph, cropped to the chapel building. It shows the building as photographed in 1906, not at any earlier date discussed in this story.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1906 in the United States (S427), well outside any copyright term.", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "T. W. Whitaker, Berryville, Va., 1906, in Charles Randolph Hughes, \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia (1906), frontispiece.", "alt": "A black-and-white photograph of the Old Chapel, a small stone church with a gabled roof and arched windows, set among trees.", "changes": "Cropped from the book’s own frontispiece page (PDF p. 4) to the photograph alone, then scaled down to 1600 pixels wide for the web derivative; not retouched, recolored or reconstructed otherwise.", "display_path": "/assets/media/old-chapel-chapel-p4.jpg", "date": { "start": "1906", "end": "1906", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M462", "title": "Evelyn Williams and Charles Jackson entries, Old Chapel cemetery record, 1906", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles Randolph Hughes (comp.)", "source_id": "S427", "illustrates_story": "old-chapel-burial-record", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Two entries from the Old Chapel cemetery record, 1906.", "context_disclosure": "The complete printed page carrying the Evelyn Williams and Charles Jackson entries, shown whole.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1906 in the United States (S427), well outside any copyright term.", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/old-chapel-1906/old-chapel-1906-clarke-county-virginia.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles Randolph Hughes, \"Old Chapel,\" Clarke County, Virginia (1906), p. 58.", "alt": "A printed cemetery-record page carrying two entries: Evelyn Williams, called \"Mammy Evelyn,\" the faithful servant and devoted nurse of all the children at \"The Briars,\" died November 12, 1882, aged 83; and Charles Jackson, butler for Dr. Robert C. Randolph at \"New Market,\" one of the old faithful servants, died April 1883.", "changes": "The complete printed page: not scaled (already narrower than the web derivative’s width limit), not cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR’d or reconstructed. Re-encoded as JPEG for the web derivative.", "display_path": "/assets/media/old-chapel-cemetery-record-p58.jpg", "date": { "start": "1906", "end": "1906", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M463", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 241: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Moore entry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 241: the entry for William Moore, sergeant, promoted to lieutenant, who died of wounds received at Five Forks, Virginia, on April 2, 1865.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 241.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 0,666 1367x584 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p241-clarke-cavalry-roll-moore.jpg", "segment_id": "G1465", "original_sha256": "2f058f3225e6d2d96136000756fa15f9b704cba60d1851fb2ab57ab6b9469cb9", "transcription": "Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=269", "people": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 0, "y": 666, "width": 1367, "height": 584 }, "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 584 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "241", "pdf_page": 269 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M464", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 238: opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 238, including the sentences on who made up the troop.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 238.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the heading CHAPTER XXV, THE CLARKE CAVALRY and the opening paragraphs, with the sentence that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 100,380 1150x1620 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p238-clarke-cavalry-chapter-opening.jpg", "segment_id": "G1496", "original_sha256": "0d983d8b708462bd2efe0a617989783297b329ea767001e8572126600d4bdc34", "transcription": "CHAPTER XXV THE CLARKE CAVALRY AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry. It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county. It was a crack corps, and many men from adjoining and distant counties of the State and from other states enlisted in it, attracted by its reputation for dash and gallantry, and the character of the material of which it was composed. There was organized in that part of the County of Frederick which is now embraced in the territory of the County of Clarke, for service in the war with Great Britian [sic] in 1812, a company of cavalry commanded by Captain Eben Taylor. It is said that the names on the roster of the Company last mentioned and the names on that of the Clarke Cavalry were to a large extent the same, from which the inference is drawn that many of the men composing the Clarke Cavalry that took part in the war between the states were descendents of the men who, in the war of 1812, enlisted under the command of Captain Taylor. Throughout the period between the War of 1812 and that of 1861–65, this Company preserved its organization in a general way; its existence was not continuous, but with short intervals of interruption the organization 238", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=264", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 100, "y": 380, "width": 1150, "height": 1620 }, "image_size": { "width": 1150, "height": 1620 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "238", "pdf_page": 264 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M465", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 240: end of the officers and the heading ENLISTED MEN", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the officers' list and the heading ENLISTED MEN of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240. The second lieutenant listed is R. O. Allen.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the last officers of the Clarke Cavalry roll, including R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., and the heading ENLISTED MEN followed by the first names on the list.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p240-officers-and-enlisted-men-heading.jpg", "segment_id": "G1501", "original_sha256": "df31df231767e8875ded9f362e51049c6d2d1119dfc3e0b4db0d384d75cae716", "transcription": "240 HISTORY OF CLARKE COUNTY 1st Lieut, Joseph McKay Kennerly, promoted to be captain of the Company Oct. 28th, 1864, to rank from June 4, 1864, permanently disabled by a wound received in action at Ream's Station July, 1864. R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. C. George Shumate, 3rd Lieut., wounded at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864, and killed in action near Berry's Ferry, July, 1864. ENLISTED MEN Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864. Ashby, Buckner; discharged under an Act of Congress. Ashby, George; discharged on surgeon's certificate. Ashby, Shirley C. Anderson, Milton B.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=268", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 130, "y": 130, "width": 1150, "height": 998 }, "image_size": { "width": 1150, "height": 998 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "240", "pdf_page": 268 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M466", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 240: end of the officers and the heading ENLISTED MEN", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the officers' list and the heading ENLISTED MEN of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240. The second lieutenant listed is R. O. Allen.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the last officers of the Clarke Cavalry roll, including R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., and the heading ENLISTED MEN followed by the first names on the list.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p240-officers-and-enlisted-men-heading-allen.jpg", "segment_id": "G1500", "original_sha256": "df31df231767e8875ded9f362e51049c6d2d1119dfc3e0b4db0d384d75cae716", "transcription": "240 HISTORY OF CLARKE COUNTY 1st Lieut, Joseph McKay Kennerly, promoted to be captain of the Company Oct. 28th, 1864, to rank from June 4, 1864, permanently disabled by a wound received in action at Ream's Station July, 1864. R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. C. George Shumate, 3rd Lieut., wounded at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864, and killed in action near Berry's Ferry, July, 1864. ENLISTED MEN Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864. Ashby, Buckner; discharged under an Act of Congress. Ashby, George; discharged on surgeon's certificate. Ashby, Shirley C. Anderson, Milton B.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=268", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 130, "y": 130, "width": 1150, "height": 998 }, "image_size": { "width": 1150, "height": 998 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "240", "pdf_page": 268 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M467", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 246: end of the Clarke Cavalry roll", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 246, with the closing note that the roll embraces the names of all enlistments in the troop.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 246.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the last entries of a roll and the closing sentence that the foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 130,1198 1150x450 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p246-clarke-cavalry-roll-close.jpg", "segment_id": "G1502", "original_sha256": "c23e21508776a8a4e57de5aa1ed8f0e49b77a99bc6e740d4a32e3557c1fa8428", "transcription": "Wigginton, James D. Wheat, Joseph N.; taken prisoner Sept. 18, 1864, at Winchester, Va. Wheat, F. W.; orderly sergeant. Count F. Zulasky; promoted to lieutenancy and put in command of battery at Rockett's, near Richmond. The foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=274", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 130, "y": 1198, "width": 1150, "height": 450 }, "image_size": { "width": 1150, "height": 450 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "246", "pdf_page": 274 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M468", "title": "Gold 1914, unnumbered plate between pp. 238 and 239: plate caption, Captain D. T. Richards", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The caption under the portrait of Captain D. T. Richards, Clarke Cavalry (Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry), on an unnumbered plate between printed pp. 238 and 239 of Gold's history (1914).", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. The caption print is faint and broken in places. Neighboring text or an advertisement at the edge of the crop is not part of the passage. Some print is faint or damaged.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), unnumbered plate between pp. 238 and 239.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a two-line printed caption naming D. T. Richards, Captain, Clarke Cavalry, Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel, Sixth Virginia Cavalry.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 40,1790 1260x190 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-plate-captain-richards-caption.jpg", "segment_id": "G1498", "original_sha256": "066899b59fc9b802722e883387cd92eb5fcd33865ab49c76600e2f2b3b871541", "transcription": "D. T. RICHARDS CAPTAIN, \"CLARKE CAVALRY,\" (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY[)] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY [separate note: the caption print is faint and broken in places]", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=265", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war", "robert-o-allen-civil-war", "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 40, "y": 1790, "width": 1260, "height": 190 }, "image_size": { "width": 1260, "height": 190 }, "citation_page": { "pdf_page": 265 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M469", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 246: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Topper entry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 246: the entry for Pius Francis Topper, wounded in action at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, and killed in action near Luray, Virginia, in September 1864.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 246.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 0,187 1367x438 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p246-clarke-cavalry-roll-topper.jpg", "segment_id": "G1466", "original_sha256": "c23e21508776a8a4e57de5aa1ed8f0e49b77a99bc6e740d4a32e3557c1fa8428", "transcription": "Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=274", "people": [ "pius-f-topper-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 0, "y": 187, "width": 1367, "height": 438 }, "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 438 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "246", "pdf_page": 274 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M470", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 240: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Allen entry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240: the entry for R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, 1863.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 0,354 1367x375 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p240-clarke-cavalry-roll-allen.jpg", "segment_id": "G1467", "original_sha256": "df31df231767e8875ded9f362e51049c6d2d1119dfc3e0b4db0d384d75cae716", "transcription": "R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=268", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 0, "y": 354, "width": 1367, "height": 375 }, "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 375 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "240", "pdf_page": 268 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M471", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 268: battle narrative naming Lieut. R. O. Allen", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A battle narrative in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 268, that names Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 268.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a printed paragraph of a battle narrative that includes the words among them Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, and a mention of Col. B. F. Davis of the 8th New York Cavalry.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 0,1250 1367x750 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p268-battle-narrative-allen.jpg", "segment_id": "G1468", "original_sha256": "9489946f23e5665d54106813ea083eecb0c4b0208d9d1bd11b5ec7274da0cc0c", "transcription": "... among them Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, whose attention was attracted to Col. B. F. Davis, of the 8th New York Cavalry ...", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=298", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 0, "y": 1250, "width": 1367, "height": 750 }, "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 750 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "268", "pdf_page": 298 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M472", "title": "Gold 1914, pp. 316-317: J. E. B. Stuart Camp and the member list, R. O. Allen", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The J. E. B. Stuart Camp (United Confederate Veterans) in Gold's history (1914): the end of the paragraph on printed p. 316 and the top of the Camp's member list on p. 317, where R. O. Allen is the first name.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Two crops of the same book are joined: the paragraph above is from printed p. 316 and the list below from p. 317.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), pp. 316-317.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the end of a paragraph on the J. E. B. Stuart Camp and its roll of one hundred and six members, and below it the top of a two-column list of members beginning with R. O. Allen.", "changes": "Two crops of the same book joined into one image, p. 316 above and p. 317 below; not retouched, enhanced or highlighted.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-pp316-317-stuart-camp-members-allen.jpg", "segment_id": "G1471", "transcription": "[printed p. 316] ... The J. E. B. Stuart Camp, assisted by the Stonewall Chapter, entertained the visiting Camps and all old soldiers and a great many others, providing a bountiful feast. ... The Camp has now on its roll the names of one hundred and six members. ... A list of the members of the Camp from its formation is herein given. [printed p. 317, first list page] R. O. Allen", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=348", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 1086 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "316-317", "pdf_page": 348 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M473", "title": "Gold 1914, pp. 316-317: J. E. B. Stuart Camp and the member list, Peter Fuqua", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The J. E. B. Stuart Camp (United Confederate Veterans) in Gold's history (1914): the end of the paragraph on printed p. 316 and the top of the Camp's member list on p. 317, which includes Peter Fuqua.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Two crops of the same book are joined: the paragraph above is from printed p. 316 and the list below from p. 317. The bottom row of names is cut at the crop edge. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), pp. 316-317.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the end of a paragraph on the J. E. B. Stuart Camp and its roll of one hundred and six members, and below it the top of a two-column list of members that includes Peter Fuqua.", "changes": "Two crops of the same book joined into one image, p. 316 above and p. 317 below; not retouched, enhanced or highlighted.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-pp316-317-stuart-camp-members-fuqua.jpg", "segment_id": "G1472", "transcription": "[printed p. 316] ... The J. E. B. Stuart Camp, assisted by the Stonewall Chapter, entertained the visiting Camps and all old soldiers and a great many others, providing a bountiful feast. ... The Camp has now on its roll the names of one hundred and six members. ... A list of the members of the Camp from its formation is herein given. [printed p. 317, first list page] Peter Fuqua", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=348", "people": [ "peter-fuqua" ], "image_size": { "width": 1367, "height": 1574 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "316-317", "pdf_page": 348 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M474", "title": "Winchester Evening Star, Dec. 6, 1915: front-page report, Thomas D. Gold passes away", "medium": "document", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "source_id": "S678", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The front-page report headed Thomas D. Gold Passes Away at Home in Clarke, Winchester Evening Star, December 6, 1915: the headline, the dateline and the first paragraphs on his death, birth and survivors.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of one column of a newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column is cut from a digital page image; the neighboring columns are not shown. Neighboring text or an advertisement at the edge of the crop is not part of the passage.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1915 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S678", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Winchester Evening Star, Winchester, Va., December 6, 1915, p. 1. Page image via Newspapers.com.", "alt": "A cropped newspaper column from the Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915, showing a newspaper column with the headline THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE, a three-line deck, the dateline BERRYVILLE, Va., Dec. 6, and the first paragraphs of the report, ending with the line CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/winchester-evening-star-1915-12-06-p1-gold-passes-away.jpg", "segment_id": "G1473", "original_sha256": "0d02e8c39a812e6dd265e83a6753867e74d24120f835155aeef762540d4518dc", "transcription": "THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE Served In Confederate Army and Held Many Positions of Trust In Native County. (Special to The Star.) BERRYVILLE, Va., Dec. 6.—Hon. Thomas Daniel Gold died at \"Ellwood,\" his ancestral homeplace, in Clarke county, at 8 o'clock on Saturday evening, after an illness extending over a period of several months, due principally to the infirmities of advanced age. Mr. Gold was born and reared at \"Ellwood,\" and he spent practically his entire life on that estate. He was born on February 23, 1845, and was in the seventieth year of his age. He is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Frank G. Walter (formerly Miss Lucy Neville Gold), of Chicago, Ill., and Miss Mary Washington Gold, who lives at home, and one son, Mr. (CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO.)", "people": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1925, "y": 361, "width": 420, "height": 949 }, "image_size": { "width": 420, "height": 949 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Winchester Evening Star", "city": "Winchester, Va.", "date": "1915-12-06", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1915-12-06", "end": "1915-12-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M475", "title": "Winchester Evening Star, Dec. 6, 1915: continuation, Thos. D. Gold Dead", "medium": "document", "creator": "Winchester Evening Star", "source_id": "S678", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The continuation headed Thos. D. Gold Dead, Winchester Evening Star, December 6, 1915, page 2: his wife and family, his Confederate service, later offices, his book and the funeral.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of one column of a newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column is cut from a digital page image. The page prints no number of its own: it is page 2 by the paper's \"continued\" lines.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1915 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S678", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Winchester Evening Star, Winchester, Va., December 6, 1915, p. 2. Page image via Newspapers.com.", "alt": "A cropped newspaper column from the Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915, showing a long narrow newspaper column headed Thos. D. Gold Dead, CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE, running over his family, his service in the Confederate army, his later public offices, a book he published and the funeral.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/winchester-evening-star-1915-12-06-p2-gold-dead.jpg", "segment_id": "G1477", "original_sha256": "f832baa6c393f92282191ab491ca3ddc5a0f28655454b84c8c3520d0a87ce985", "transcription": "Thos. D. Gold Dead (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.) Thomas Gold, of Berryville. Mr. Gold's wife, who was formerly Miss Sarah Helm Barnett, died some years ago. They were married in 1866. Mr. Gold was educated at the old Berryville Academy, which was for many years in charge of Rev. William Johnston. At the age of 16 years he entered the service of the Confederate army, enlisting in Company I, Second Virginia Regiment, which was attached to the Stonewall Brigade. The company was first commanded by Captain Bowen, later by Capt. S. J. C. Moore, and finally by Captain O'Bannon. During the second battle of Manassas he was desperately wounded, and was for a long time unable to perform military duties. Upon recovering, however, returned to his company and was with it in all the engagements in which the command participated until May, 1864, when he was captured and made prisoner at Bloody Angle, near Spottsylvania [sic] Court House. He was confined at Point Lookout prison about three months, from which place he was transferred[.] to the military prison at Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until he was exchanged in the spring of 1865. He continued his service in the army of Northern Virginia until the close of the war. Mr. Gold willed [sic] many civil offices in Clarke county, having been elected by large majorities to practically every office for which he was a candidate. He was a lifelong Democrat and took an active interest in politics and public affairs generally. He was for many years a member of the board of Supervisors of Clarke county, the representative for four years in the Virginia Senate from this senatorial district, composed of the counties of Clarke, Warren and Page, and had been a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Clarke County since that institution was established here many years ago. He was also a member and deacon of the Baptist Church. A little more than a year ago Mr. Gold published a book, containing a history of Clarke county and the part her sons took in the Confederate service during the civil war. The funeral of Mr. Gold took place this afternoon from the Baptist Church ,and the services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. Dr. Julian Broaddus. Burial was in Green Hill Cemetery. The cashier and members of the board of directors of the Bank of Clarke County acted as honorary pallbearers.", "people": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 492, "y": 1200, "width": 370, "height": 1902 }, "image_size": { "width": 370, "height": 1902 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Winchester Evening Star", "city": "Winchester, Va.", "date": "1915-12-06", "page": "2 (the page prints no number of its own; placed by the paper's \"continued\" lines)" }, "date": { "start": "1915-12-06", "end": "1915-12-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M476", "title": "Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 2 of 31: muster-roll card, 1861", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S679", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A company muster-roll card for Thomas D. Gold, private, Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2nd Regiment Virginia Infantry, age 16, for April 18 to June 30, 1861: enrolled April 18, 1861, at Berryville, and mustered in May 13, 1861.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of one card from the file. The cards are the War Department's later copies of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S679", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 2 of 31, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a printed muster-roll card filled in by hand: Thomas D. Gold, Pvt, Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2 Regiment Virginia Infantry, age 16, occupation farmer, enrolled April 18, 1861, at Berryville, mustered in May 13, 1861.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 30,25 635x1540 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll375-gold-thomas-d-image02-muster-roll-1861.jpg", "segment_id": "G1485", "original_sha256": "5145f1c8bd048d200999ddb0ba3710ef5a420a735302a5555247fda21593a18d", "transcription": "(Confederate.) [G] | 2 | Va. Thomas D. Gold, [a caret or x mark and a small G above the surname] Pvt {Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2 Regiment Virginia Infantry.* Age 16 years. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, from Clarke County, for Apr 18 to June 30, 1861. dated June 30 1861, Occupation Farmer, Enrolled for active service. When Apr 18, 1861. Where Berryville. By whom Capt S. H. Bowen. Mustered into service: When May 13, 1861. Where school House on Hagerstown Road. By whom Capt L Botts, Last paid: By whom [blank] To what time [blank], 186 . No. of miles to place of muster-in 21, Remarks: [blank] *This company subsequently became Company I, 2d Regiment Virginia Infantry. Book mark: [blank] [...]", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/9743225/", "people": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 30, "y": 25, "width": 635, "height": 1540 }, "image_size": { "width": 635, "height": 1540 }, "date": { "start": "1861-06-30", "end": "1861-06-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M478", "title": "Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 23 of 31: casualty-report card, Manassas, 1862", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S679", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A typed card abstracted from the report of operations and casualties of the 2nd Regiment Virginia Infantry in the battles of Manassas, August 27 to 30, 1862, dated January 14, 1863, listing Thos. Gold, Co. I, as wounded.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of one card from the file. The cards are the War Department's later copies of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S679", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 23 of 31, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a typed card naming Thos. Gold, Co. I, 2 Reg't, Va. Inf., on a report of operations and casualties at Manassas, August 27 to 30, 1862, with the remark Wounded.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 20,10 640x1580 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll375-gold-thomas-d-image23-manassas-casualty-report.jpg", "segment_id": "G1490", "original_sha256": "b50cf832dee5b239d5bc994cc086a3931d01e7bad95bd980cc69ecebc948f58e", "transcription": "(CONFEDERATE.) G 2 Va. Thos. Gold , Co. I , 2 Reg't., Va. Inf. Appears on a REPORT of operations and casualties, of the 2d Reg't. Va. Inf., in the battles of Manassas, Va., Aug. 27 to 30, 1862. Report dated Jan. 14 , 1863. Remarks: Wounded. Series 1, Vol. 12, part 2, page 660.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/9743316/", "people": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 20, "y": 10, "width": 640, "height": 1580 }, "image_size": { "width": 640, "height": 1580 }, "date": { "start": "1863-01-14", "end": "1863-01-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M481", "title": "Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 1 of 31: file jacket", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S679", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The file jacket of the compiled service record of Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry (Confederate): his name, company and regiment, the ranks private and sergeant, and the list of card numbers in the file.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of one card from the file. The cards are the War Department's later copies of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint. Some print is faint or damaged.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S679", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 1 of 31, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a file jacket with the handwritten name Gold, Thomas D., Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y, the printed word CONFEDERATE, the handwritten ranks Private and Sergeant, and a list of card numbers from 1 to 22.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 712,0 710x1590 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll375-gold-thomas-d-image01-file-jacket.jpg", "segment_id": "G1494", "original_sha256": "97fc39394b57237358d61967f4fccd57548f6907a0f90316f1ae3ae180b2afc8", "transcription": "[mark] 774 Gold. Thomas. D. Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y. (CONFEDERATE.) Private Sergeant CARD NUMBERS. [...] Number of medical cards herein [0 or a?] Number of personal papers herein 1", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/9743219/", "people": [ "thomas-d-gold-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 712, "y": 0, "width": 710, "height": 1590 }, "image_size": { "width": 710, "height": 1590 }, "date": { "start": null, "end": null, "precision": "unknown" } }, { "id": "M483", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 430: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, heading and opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The heading and opening of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton, lieutenant, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 430: born at Fairfield, Clarke County, October 4, 1843.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 430.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading EDMUND PENDLETON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; LIEUTENANT, CO. C, 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraph of his sketch, with his birth on October 4, 1843.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 100,760 860x790 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p430-pendleton-heading-birth.jpg", "segment_id": "G1503", "original_sha256": "5de33b6920b3d2eebc8db8f8802da93d7bb2448faad620526b1d72c0ad494c1e", "transcription": "EDMUND PENDLETON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; LIEUTENANT, CO. \"C,\" 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. Edmund Pendleton was born at Fairfield, Clarke County, Virginia, October 4, 1843. In the fall of 1860 he entered the Virginia Military Institute, at Lexington, and remained until the following spring, when he was ordered to Winchester to drill the troops rapidly collecting at that point. After performing his duties at this post for some time, he obtained permission to join General Pendleton's battery, the \"Rockbridge Artillery,\" then stationed at Manassas, being anxious for an opportunity to participate in the expected battle. After remaining with this command for a few weeks, upon General Pendleton's advice he returned to the Institute, and pursued his studies until the corps was ordered out to take part in the battle of McDowell, early in 1862. After participating in this battle, he connected himself temporarily with Ashby's Cavalry, and served with them until the return of his brother, Captain John R. Pendleton, from Fort Delaware, in Septem-[ber, 1862, on p. 431]. [separate note: the heading's '11TH' is set in old-style figures, the same glyph as the 1 in '1843']", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=431", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 100, "y": 760, "width": 860, "height": 790 }, "image_size": { "width": 860, "height": 790 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "430", "pdf_page": 431 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M484", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 431: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, Jack's Shop", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Part of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 431: his part in the engagement at Jack's Shop and his going with General Rosser's command in the spring of 1864.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 431.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the lower part of a printed page: a paragraph on the engagement at Jack's Shop, where he led the brigade sharpshooters, and the sentence on the spring of 1864 with General Rosser.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 20,1015 840x475 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p431-pendleton-jacks-shop.jpg", "segment_id": "G1505", "original_sha256": "550b462cbbac5f2e1baf9a73a1592268596efcf9aa95838626fa1a6fc8ee4419", "transcription": "[...] his command. At the severe engagement of Jack's Shop, he led the brigade sharpshooters, opening the attack upon the enemy. During the course of this battle his ammunition gave out, and he resorted to the novel expedient of ordering his men to fight with stones, which were plentiful on the field. Himself setting the example, his men quickly obeyed, and they succeeded in the assault. When asked why he resorted to this plan, he replied that no body of men could stand under the fire to which they were exposed without being engaged in some way. The sound good sense and coolness of this, evidences his capacity as a soldier. In the spring of 1864 Lieutenant Pendleton went with General Rosser's command to Orange County, then to Spott-[sylvania, on p. 432].", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=432", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 20, "y": 1015, "width": 840, "height": 475 }, "image_size": { "width": 840, "height": 475 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "431", "pdf_page": 432 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M485", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 432: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, death and Rosser letter", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 432: his death at the head of his company on May 6 (1864) and a quoted letter of General Rosser.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 432.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the upper part of a printed page: the end of a sketch telling that he was killed at the head of his company on the 6th of May, and a quoted letter from General Rosser.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 100,195 860x905 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p432-pendleton-death-rosser-letter.jpg", "segment_id": "G1507", "original_sha256": "c3f71cb2b6fc04e02537a23cdaafb9696559720c4d137889cdc886d74deaf3ff", "transcription": "[p. 431 ends 'then to Spott-'] sylvania, and was killed at the head of his company on the 6th of May, while urging his comrades to charge. Not quite twenty-one years old, he fell honored and loved by his comrades, trusted by his officers. When General Rosser heard of his death, he remarked that he had lost a most promising officer, and, in writing to his father after the war, speaks of him thus: \"Lieutenant Edmund Pendleton was a soldier of rare acquirements; his willingness, vigilance, promptness, courage, and devotion had already designated him one of the gems which adorned the brow of the ephemeral nation. But it was not permitted him to survive the cause he so gallantly defended, and on the 6th of May, 1864, he fell in the battle of the Wilderness, while nobly fighting at the head of his regiment.\" Among other officers by whom he was selected for special service,—Generals Jackson, Hampton, and W. E. Jones,—he was in like manner esteemed as a soldier and gentleman. An immediate superior, Lieutenant-Colonel M. D. Ball, in writing of an old flag of the 11th, says,— \"Had its worn threads a voice, they could feelingly tell How Kirby, and Spiker, and Pendleton fell.\" Yes, his comrades felt that his name was worthy to be inscribed on their banner, as a brave, true-hearted man and officer.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=433", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 100, "y": 195, "width": 860, "height": 905 }, "image_size": { "width": 860, "height": 905 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "432", "pdf_page": 433 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M486", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 309: list of the 11th Virginia Cavalry, Co. C", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A list headed 11th Virginia Cavalry, Co. C, Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 309, which names Lieut. Edmond Pendleton (spelled so on this page).", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 309.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a two-column printed list headed 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, CO. C, Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton, with Lieut. Edmond Pendleton and other names.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 50,345 800x355 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p309-11th-virginia-cavalry-co-c.jpg", "segment_id": "G1509", "original_sha256": "d117154540c55bc05e042f8a04b7586c7f6f2930c7e6c6f0b08f2eae2735fcb8", "transcription": "11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY / CO. C / Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton | Lieut. Edmond Pendleton, / [blank] | killed at Jack's Shop, / Warner T. Gray | fall of 1863. / Jas. Van Meter | D. C. Snyder / Isaac Van Meter. | Philip P. Pendleton / John Hughes | Henry Catlett / H. Clay Grigsby | Tazewell Grigsby", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=341", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 50, "y": 345, "width": 800, "height": 355 }, "image_size": { "width": 800, "height": 355 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "309", "pdf_page": 341 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M487", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 314: monument inscription, dedication heading", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The dedication heading of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 314: Erected to the memory of the sons of Clarke who gave their lives in defense of the rights of the states, with the first names of the East side.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 314.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the printed dedication ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SONS OF CLARKE who gave their lives in defense of the RIGHTS OF THE STATES, the line IMPERISHABLE FAME, and the heading EAST SIDE with the first names under 2nd Virginia Inf., Stonewall Brigade.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 100,190 730x560 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p314-monument-inscription-heading.jpg", "segment_id": "G1510", "original_sha256": "eb472a822584c1215d8c7654eecb3188479098154820df4aa630dd1c8d971815", "transcription": "ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SONS OF CLARKE who gave their lives in defense of the RIGHTS OF THE STATES and of Constitutional Government Fortune denied them success But they achieved IMPERISHABLE FAME / EAST SIDE / 2nd Virginia Inf., Stonewall Brigade / LIEUT. COL. W. W. RANDOLPH / SERGT. MAJ. N. BURWELL", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=346", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war", "john-w-ashby-civil-war", "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 100, "y": 190, "width": 730, "height": 560 }, "image_size": { "width": 730, "height": 560 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "314", "pdf_page": 346 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M488", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 315: monument inscription, North side, Other Commands", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The North side of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 315, headed Other Commands: the first four names, the last of them Lieut. E. Pendleton.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 315.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the headings NORTH and OTHER COMMANDS and four names in capitals: Maj. H. M. Nelson, Surg. W. Hay, Lieut. R. P. Burwell and Lieut. E. Pendleton.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 70,1100 770x230 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p315-monument-north-other-commands.jpg", "segment_id": "G1511", "original_sha256": "d23492b91f20aa8dfe340698888b18ae27bded3f9208eeb95b9b40695e033a85", "transcription": "NORTH / OTHER COMMANDS / MAJ. H. M. NELSON / SURG. W. HAY / LIEUT. R. P. BURWELL / LIEUT. E. PENDLETON", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=347", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 70, "y": 1100, "width": 770, "height": 230 }, "image_size": { "width": 770, "height": 230 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "315", "pdf_page": 347 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M489", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 518: sketch of James W. Thomson, heading and opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The heading and opening of the sketch of James W. Thomson, major, Horse Artillery, Rosser's Division, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 518: born at Berryville, October 28, 1843.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Some print is faint or damaged.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 518.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JAMES W. THOMSON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; MAJOR, HORSE ARTILLERY, ROSSER'S DIVISION, A. N. V., and the first paragraphs of his sketch.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 100,570 830x915 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p518-thomson-heading-birth.jpg", "segment_id": "G1512", "original_sha256": "24fdbfb3fcb080a7d3f2ef8668f9ba49819abf3753e835f6f27b15c687d7c695", "transcription": "JAMES W. THOMSON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; MAJOR, HORSE ARTILLERY, ROSSER'S DIVISION, A. N. V. James W. Thomson was born at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 28th of October, 1843. He entered the Virginia Military Institute in 1860, where his education was soon interrupted by the commencement of the late war. He promptly offered his services for the defense of his State, and was employed as drill-master until just prior to the battle of Manassas, in which he acted as volunteer aid-de-camp to General T. J. Jackson. For important service rendered in this action he received a flattering letter of recommendation from that general. In the fall of 1861 he was elected second lieutenant of \"Chew's Battery\" of Horse Artillery, and in February, 1864, succeeded to the command of the company. During the[,] same year, he was promoted, and commanded, with the rank of major, a battalion of horse artillery attached to Rosser's Cavalry Division until his death. Thomson was, by his early training and disposition, well fitted, even at the age of seventeen, when he entered the service, for the peril and hardships of a soldier's life. He was always devoted to out-door sports, and became, by constant practice, a perfect master of the horse. Tall and athletic, with a nature bold and daring, frank and generous in disposi-[tion, on p. 519].", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=519", "people": [ "james-w-thomson-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 100, "y": 570, "width": 830, "height": 915 }, "image_size": { "width": 830, "height": 915 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "518", "pdf_page": 519 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M490", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 519: sketch of James W. Thomson, wound and death", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the sketch of James W. Thomson in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 519: the sentences on his wound and death, signed Colonel R. Preston Chew.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 519.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the upper part of a printed page: the end of a sketch on his wound, the attack by General Rosser near Farmville, and the signature Colonel R. Preston Chew.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 40,155 840x820 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p519-thomson-death.jpg", "segment_id": "G1515", "original_sha256": "c0729c5eef0fa8f57dc3d9057b622f4e228bf4e8145161732d7f6a2f9c5c54a6", "transcription": "[p. 518 ends 'disposi-'] tion,—these qualifications, united to great physical strength and powers of endurance, presented a combination of soldierly traits possessed by few. As a commander of artillery, he was remarkable for the prompt and daring manner of handling his guns. When his guns were not in action, it was frequently a habit with Thomson to join in the cavalry charge, and on such occasions attracted attention by his dash and almost reckless gallantry. It was while leading charges of this kind that he was wounded in the arm, on the 5th of April, 1865, and on the day following was killed. A gallant attack was made on this day by General Rosser upon a brigade of Federal infantry, which had succeeded in gaining the front of Lee's army, near Farmville, and during the fight a charge was made by Dearing's Brigade. A desperate encounter ensued, resulting in the rout of the enemy, but at a great sacrifice of life; and General Dearing, Colonel Boston, and Major Thomson all lost their lives. Major Thomson acted in this fight with conspicuous gallantry, and fell where he was always found when duty called,—at the head of the column. By his fall, his family and numerous friends sustained an irreparable loss, and his State was deprived of one of her most gallant sons. Colonel R. Preston Chew.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=520", "people": [ "james-w-thomson-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 40, "y": 155, "width": 840, "height": 820 }, "image_size": { "width": 840, "height": 820 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "519", "pdf_page": 520 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M491", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 33: sketch of James L. Ashby, heading and opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The heading and opening of the sketch of James L. Ashby, private, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 33: son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, born in Clarke County, November 6, 1831.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 33.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JAMES L. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. D, 6TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraphs of his sketch.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 15,600 840x920 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p33-james-l-ashby-heading-birth.jpg", "segment_id": "G1518", "original_sha256": "8807f515d2127efb94c47c0011578112dd6b0631fe876c89581857825a28f3cb", "transcription": "JAMES L. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. \"D,\" 6TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. James L. Ashby, son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born in Clarke County, Virginia, on 6th of November, 1831. His boyhood life, spent on his father's farm and at neighborhood schools, was uneventful. In his seventeenth year, receiving an appointment to a cadetship in the Virginia Military Institute, he entered that school on the 30th of July, 1848, pursued the prescribed course of study during a period of four years, and was graduated on the 4th of July, 1852. After a short rest at home, young Ashby emigrated to St. Joseph, Missouri, and there entered a corps of engineers in the service of the St. Joseph and Hannibal Railroad Company, with whom he remained for some time, engaged in preliminary surveys in the Territory of Kansas, and on the construction of the above-mentioned railroad. In the many difficulties arising in that Territory between anti- and pro-slavery men, Ashby took a conspicuous part. Soon becoming wearied of rough Western life, he returned to his native State, and went into the milling business in Warren County, where he remained pursuing his quiet avocation until the breaking out of the war in 1861. In the fall of that year he was called to [Winchester, on p. 34] [printed signature mark: 3]", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=34", "people": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 15, "y": 600, "width": 840, "height": 920 }, "image_size": { "width": 840, "height": 920 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "33", "pdf_page": 34 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M492", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 34: sketch of James L. Ashby, drill-master to death", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The rest of the sketch of James L. Ashby in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 34: his service as a drill-master, his joining the Clarke Cavalry on March 12, 1862, and his death on June 11, 1864.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 34.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the upper part of a printed page: the end of a sketch telling of drill-master duty at Winchester, joining the Clarke Cavalry, and that James Ashby fell dead, shot through the head with a bullet.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 90,160 820x800 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p34-james-l-ashby-trevilian.jpg", "segment_id": "G1520", "original_sha256": "a3b4b78f022c436de51828f35678a3b6cea73c8037b58dc2ca27db3a10bf8e5c", "transcription": "[p. 33 ends 'In the fall of that year he was called to'] Winchester, and assigned to duty, by General Jackson, as a drill-master to the raw troops assembled there. Performing with care and alacrity the duties of his office, he did efficient service in assisting to discipline the rude and disorganized masses of Southern volunteers who were flocking to that point. On the 12th of March, 1862, the need of drill-masters no longer existing, he joined the \"Clarke Cavalry,\" Co. \"D,\" 6th Virginia Regiment, as a private, and in this capacity served with his regiment in the division of the gallant J. E. B. Stuart, and participated in every battle in which it was engaged, until June 11, 1864. On that day Co. \"D\" was ordered to charge and take a battery of the Federal forces, near Trevyllian Station, Virginia; gallantly and successfully performed the duty. In the desperate counter-charge made by the enemy in endeavor to retake the battery, James Ashby fell dead, shot through the head with a bullet. Though \"only a private,\" his record as a soldier compares favorably with many in higher station. Of undoubted courage, he was not unworthy to bear the name of Ashby, a name which his native Valley proudly claims as that of the noblest, bravest soldier, \"Ashby, the peerless one,\" who raised his arm in defense of his home and the right.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=35", "people": [ "james-l-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 90, "y": 160, "width": 820, "height": 800 }, "image_size": { "width": 820, "height": 800 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "34", "pdf_page": 35 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M493", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 238: opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 238, with the sentences on who made up the troop.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 238.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the heading CHAPTER XXV, THE CLARKE CAVALRY and the opening paragraph, with the sentence that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 90,280 740x445 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p238-chapter-xxv-heading.jpg", "segment_id": "G1523", "original_sha256": "9677998db18eee937f054a1faba2308c0623c889ff349b8208187e7c51ac1805", "transcription": "CHAPTER XXV THE CLARKE CAVALRY AMONG the military organizations that went from the County of Clarke in defense of the State and Southland in the war between the states, was a troop of horse known as the Clarke Cavalry. It is not to be understood that this troop was composed wholly of residents of said county. It was a crack corps, and many men from adjoining and distant counties of the State and from other states enlisted in it, attracted by its reputation for dash and gallantry, and the character of the material of which it was composed.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=264", "people": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 90, "y": 280, "width": 740, "height": 445 }, "image_size": { "width": 740, "height": 445 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "238", "pdf_page": 264 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M494", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 239: sentence introducing the roster", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The sentence in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 239, that introduces the roster of the Clarke Cavalry for the war of 1861-65.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Neighboring text or an advertisement at the edge of the crop is not part of the passage.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 239.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a single printed sentence beginning The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861-65 and ending were as follows.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 50,545 800x115 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p239-roster-lead-in.jpg", "segment_id": "G1525", "original_sha256": "451f8eb990db25b9922fbae67f89e66c6f13abda1eda5e209971052baa7ea299", "transcription": "The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861-65 with changes and additions in its officers herein below noted, were as follows:", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=267", "people": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 50, "y": 545, "width": 800, "height": 115 }, "image_size": { "width": 800, "height": 115 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "239", "pdf_page": 267 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M495", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 240: ENLISTED MEN, first four entries", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The heading ENLISTED MEN and the first four entries of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240, the first of them Lewis Ashby, killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the heading ENLISTED MEN and four roll entries: Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864; Ashby, Buckner; Ashby, George; Ashby, Shirley C.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 90,490 760x230 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p240-enlisted-men-first-entries.jpg", "segment_id": "G1526", "original_sha256": "f17239e691272e1c344841040c32422586d11c6571e39cf5f977111997a20158", "transcription": "ENLISTED MEN / Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864. / Ashby, Buckner; discharged under an Act of Congress. / Ashby, George; discharged on surgeon's certificate. / Ashby, Shirley C.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=268", "people": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 90, "y": 490, "width": 760, "height": 230 }, "image_size": { "width": 760, "height": 230 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "240", "pdf_page": 268 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M496", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 309: list of Co. I, 12th Virginia", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A list headed Co. I, 12th Virginia, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 309: Buckner Ashby, Russell Ashby, J. Ship Mitchel, Lewis Ashby and Abner Ferguson.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. A pencil mark in the margin beside the name is not part of the printed list.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 309.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a printed list headed CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA in two columns: Buckner Ashby, Russell Ashby and J. Ship Mitchel on the left, Lewis Ashby and Abner Ferguson on the right, with faint pencil strokes in the margin beside some names.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 50,870 800x150 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p309-12th-virginia-co-i.jpg", "segment_id": "G1527", "original_sha256": "d117154540c55bc05e042f8a04b7586c7f6f2930c7e6c6f0b08f2eae2735fcb8", "transcription": "CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA / Buckner Ashby | Lewis Ashby / Russell Ashby | Abner Ferguson / J. Ship Mitchel", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=341", "people": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 50, "y": 870, "width": 800, "height": 150 }, "image_size": { "width": 800, "height": 150 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "309", "pdf_page": 341 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M497", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 315: monument inscription, South side, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The South side of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 315, headed Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry: Lieut. D. H. Allen, Lieut. C. G. Shumate, Sergt. W. B. Moore and the first names beneath, among them L. Ashby.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 315.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the headings SOUTH SIDE and Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry, three officers in capitals, and the first two columns of names beginning with L. Ashby.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 70,460 770x270 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p315-monument-south-side-co-d.jpg", "segment_id": "G1528", "original_sha256": "d23492b91f20aa8dfe340698888b18ae27bded3f9208eeb95b9b40695e033a85", "transcription": "SOUTH SIDE / Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry / LIEUT. D. H. ALLEN / LIEUT. C. G. SHUMATE / SERGT. W. B. MOORE / L. Ashby | J. Bell / Jas. Bell | J. Barbee", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=347", "people": [ "lewis-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 70, "y": 460, "width": 770, "height": 270 }, "image_size": { "width": 770, "height": 270 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "315", "pdf_page": 347 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M498", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 34: sketch of John W. Ashby, heading and opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The heading and opening of the sketch of John W. Ashby, private, Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 34: second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, born near White Post, December 15, 1833.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown. Text at the edge of the crop is cut off.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 34.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JOHN W. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraphs of his sketch.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 90,1000 820x560 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p34-john-w-ashby-heading-birth.jpg", "segment_id": "G1529", "original_sha256": "a3b4b78f022c436de51828f35678a3b6cea73c8037b58dc2ca27db3a10bf8e5c", "transcription": "JOHN W. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. \"I,\" 12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. John W. Ashby, second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, was born near White Post, Clarke County, Virginia, on the 15th of December, 1833. On the 4th of August, 1851, he matriculated at the Virginia Military Institute, but did not remain to graduate. Soon after his elder brother, James L. Ashby, graduated, July 4, 1852, he left the Institute and joined his brother, in the corps of engineers in which he was engaged. In this corps he assisted in the laying off of Kansas Territory into townships, in location of towns, and also was employed in [the, on p. 35].", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=35", "people": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 90, "y": 1000, "width": 820, "height": 560 }, "image_size": { "width": 820, "height": 560 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "34", "pdf_page": 35 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M499", "title": "VMI Memorial 1875, p. 35: sketch of John W. Ashby, service and death", "medium": "document", "creator": "Charles D. Walker", "source_id": "S680", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The rest of the sketch of John W. Ashby in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 35: his companies, his death on April 9, 1865, near Appomattox, and the closing line on the two brothers.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 35.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing a full printed page of the end of a sketch: his service in two companies, the events of April 6 and the morning of the 9th, and the closing line that James L. Ashby fell at Trevyllian and John W. Ashby at Appomattox.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/vmi-memorial-1875-p35-john-w-ashby-service-death.jpg", "segment_id": "G1530", "original_sha256": "2a30e471d61a04978bf29d76ef0277ec2e4e6f81d7f58b17ca0726fd5ca7715f", "transcription": "[...] until the war commenced. In the beginning of the war, being unable to make such business arrangements as would admit of his leaving home immediately, he assisted in organizing and drilling several companies in his neighborhood. In the fall of 1861 he volunteered as a private in Co. \"A,\" 7th Virginia Cavalry, the celebrated \"Black Horse Cavalry,\" commanded by the gallant Turner Ashby; the captain of \"A\" Company being the no less gallant Richard Ashby, a fellow élève with John W. Ashby, of the Virginia Military Institute, as well as a brother martyr in the Southern cause. In this company he served with distinguished credit as a brave and cool soldier, until the reorganization of the army in 1862, when he joined Co. \"I,\" 12th Virginia Cavalry, a company organized in Warren County, in the neighborhood where he resided before the war. In his regiment John W. Ashby was very popular, his generous nature winning him friends among his comrades, and his readiness for duty commanding the respect and approbation of his officers. All through the war he was with his regiment, until sent on horse-detail a few months before the surrender. On the 6th of April, 1865, just three days before the grand old army of Northern Virginia breathed her last at Appomattox Court-House, he rejoined his regiment. On the morning of the 9th, just two hours before the catastrophe, he was struck in the stomach by a fragment of a shell, producing such severe wounds that death quickly ensued. It seemed very sad, when he had passed through four years' campaigns unscathed, that in the very last battle, when in a few hours he would have been safe, he should have fallen thus; yet he was spared witnessing his country's humiliation. Brave, generous, warm-hearted in nature, he was never without friends, and had few, if any, enemies. James L. Ashby, at Trevyllian, John W. Ashby, at Appomattox, two brave soldier-brothers in life, in death not long divided.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/vmi-memorial-1875/vmi-memorial-1875.pdf#page=36", "people": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 15, "y": 330, "width": 840, "height": 1170 }, "image_size": { "width": 840, "height": 1170 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "35", "pdf_page": 36 }, "date": { "start": "1875", "end": "1875", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M500", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 316: monument inscription, end of the North side names", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The end of the North side names of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 316, ending with J. W. Ashby, and the sentences after the list.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 316.", "alt": "A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the lower part of a two-column list of names ending with Surg. Chas. McCormick and J. W. Ashby, followed by sentences beginning The address was delivered by Hon.", "changes": "Cropped to the document only (box 70,190 770x720 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p316-monument-north-names-j-w-ashby.jpg", "segment_id": "G1535", "original_sha256": "ca142e42a2047825bcbbbb18a2a811804e03e58e69b848d7b3230507c2e0b9f4", "transcription": "T. Alexander | G. Ashby / G. N. Barnett | N. Anderson / J. Carter | J. Carroll / W. Castleman | C. L. Deahl / M. Copenhaver | C. Elyett / J. Everhart | J. Feltner / J. T. Keene | V. Green / W. T. Moreland | A. Martz / W. B. Page | B. Randolph / T. G. Russell | T. T. Royston / J. W. Smith | W. M. Shumate / W. M. Sowers | A. Shores / M. Taylor | G. Thompson / J. Vorous | C. Wiley / Surg. Chas. McCormick / J. W. Ashby / The address was delivered by Hon. James Marshall, himself an old soldier. The monument was unveiled by Miss Mary Washington Gold, president of the Stonewall Chapter. The J. E. B. Stuart Camp, assisted by [...]", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=348", "people": [ "john-w-ashby-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 70, "y": 190, "width": 770, "height": 720 }, "image_size": { "width": 770, "height": 720 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "316", "pdf_page": 348 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M501", "title": "Clarke Courier, January 6, 1921, page 1: obituary of J. T. Murphy", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S347", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary of J. T. Murphy, headed Oldest Member of M. E. Church Here Dies, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921: born in Clarke, died near Aldie, Loudoun County, and a veteran of White's Battalion, Confederate Army.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The headline has a printer's error (CHURC HHERE) and one figure in the deck is damaged.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-01-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 6, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed OLDEST MEMBER OF M. E. CHURC HHERE DIES, with a deck naming J. T. Murphy and White's Battalion, followed by the obituary text.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1348,1565 340x1200 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 681 by 2399 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-01-06-p1-murphy-obituary.jpg", "segment_id": "G1589", "original_sha256": "3d532a933a67992f6c09b8373118cae22afa132d268a9a837468d6f968ce38aa", "transcription": "OLDEST MEMBER OF M. E. CHURC HHERE DIES [sic] J. T. Murphy, Born in Clarke in 18[3]6, Who Never Broke His Connection With Berryville Methodist Church, Passes Away in Loudoun--Veteran of White's Battalion, Confederate Army. Mr. J. T. Murphy, perhaps the oldest member of the Berryville Methodist Church, South, died near Aldie [l]ast Thursday night from paralysis. He was born on the Price farm, near Price's mill, and moved to Loudoun county 20 years ago, where he con- [sic] continued to follow farming as his avocation. Mr. Murphy became connected with the Berryville Methodist Church when a young man and although he left the county he always maintained his connection with this church. He wanted the funeral services to be held from the church and his body laid to rest in Green Hill Cemetery, but the condition of his wife's health prevented this, as she was not able to come to Berryville for the services. Mr. Murphy served through the civil war as a member of Col. 'Lige White's Battalion. After the war he returned to his native county and took up farming as a means of making a livelihood. He followed this avocation until the end. He was a faithful friend and neighbor. He is survived by a widow, who was Miss Virginia Barton, and four children as follows: Messrs. L. V. Murphy, of Ballston; O. M. Murphy, of Berryville; T. H. Murphy, of Aldie; and Mrs. Gettie Kirby, of Aldie.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-01-06/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "j-t-murphy" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1348, "y": 1565, "width": 340, "height": 1200 }, "image_size": { "width": 681, "height": 2399 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-01-06", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-01-06", "end": "1921-01-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M502", "title": "Clarke Courier, March 17, 1921, page 4: obituary of Newton H. Carpenter", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S330", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary of Newton H. Carpenter, headed Brave Southern Soldier Passes Over the River, in the Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921: one of Ashby's men, a member of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, who served in Company B, 7th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. A few letters in the text are damaged.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 17, 1921, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed BRAVE SOUTHERN SOLDIER PASSES OVER THE RIVER, with a deck naming Newton H. Carpenter, One of Ashby's Men, followed by the obituary text.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1539,2012 336x1370 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 671 by 2740 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-03-17-p4-carpenter-obituary.jpg", "segment_id": "G1591", "original_sha256": "6a7c51f3b2701231b568b7c2cdfc292674daf4111b8ceca951fbb57b6148caad", "transcription": "BRAVE SOUTHERN SOLDIER PASSES OVER THE RIVER Newton H. Carpenter, One of Ashby's Men, Died Last Thursday Night, at His Home in Western Part of the County. Mr. Newton H. Carpenter, one of Ashby's brave men, and for years af[t]er the war a prominent farmer of Clarke county, died last Thursday morning from a complication of diseases, aged 78 years. He was one of the oldest members in point of service, of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, of Winchester, and for many years had held the office of First Lieutenant Commander. He was also active in the [c]amp's affairs, and took a prominent part of Confederate Memorial day exercises on the Sixth of June, usually [a]cting as a marshal. He was a conspicuous figure seated on horseback on these occasions as he was, in appearance, a type of the dashing Confederate cavalryman. Mr. Carpenter was 78 years of age and was born in Frederick county, although he resided for many years in Clarke. During the civil war he served in Company B 7th Va. Cavalry, which was a unit of the forces commanded by Gen. Turner Ashby. Mr. Carpenter had always attended the annual gatherings of the State Confederate Veterans and of the United Confederate Veterans and in his time had met personally nearly every leading figure in the south who had taken a prominent part in the Civil War. He was twice married. His first wife, who was Miss Malinda Golden, died in 1900. He has five children by his first wife, who are: Victor Carpenter, of Portsmouth, Va.; Wilmer of this county; Mrs. Mary Preffitt, of this county; Mrs. George Armstrong, of Baltimore, and Mrs. Agnes Orndorff, at home. His second wife, who also survives him, was formerly Mrs. Mary Funk. He also leaves one brother, Charles Carpenter, of Loudoun county, Va.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-03-17/ed-1/?sp=4", "people": [ "newton-h-carpenter" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1539, "y": 2012, "width": 336, "height": 1370 }, "image_size": { "width": 671, "height": 2740 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-03-17", "page": "4 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1921-03-17", "end": "1921-03-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M503", "title": "Clarke Courier, February 23, 1922, page 1: golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S364", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The item headed Mr. and Mrs. Ricamore Married 50 Years on the front page of the Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922: the golden wedding of George C. Ricamore and his wife, and a note that he was one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 23, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922, showing a newspaper column headed MR. AND MRS. RICAMORE MARRIED 50 YEARS, reporting a golden wedding anniversary dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1437,2389 328x1232 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 657 by 2464 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-02-23-p1-ricamore-golden-wedding.jpg", "segment_id": "G1592", "original_sha256": "3ab90d64a7d616dd48b62147e0475a5a0babb55bdb0c8ea7959b0cf24ac9d0d9", "transcription": "MR. AND MRS. RICAMORE MARRIED 50 YEARS Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore, formerly much beloved citizens of Berryville, and parents of Mr. P. M. Ricamore, observed their golden wedding anniversary on Valentine day at the home of their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes A sumptuous dinner, at which the family gathered, was given them by Mr. and Mrs. Hughes Mrs. Ricamore is a daughter of the late Mathew Pulliam, one of Berryville's foremost citizens of a generation ago, and Mr. Ricamore was one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform in the civil war. He did scouting duty, and one of the hazardous missions performed by him was to slip through the Union lines and enter Washington to seek information regarding the strength of the Union armies before the Second Battle of Manassas. He was able to accomplish this task on account of his youth, the Union soldiers thinking he was a farmer's lad retreating from the battle zone.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "george-c-ricamore" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1437, "y": 2389, "width": 328, "height": 1232 }, "image_size": { "width": 657, "height": 2464 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-02-23", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1922-02-23", "end": "1922-02-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M504", "title": "Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922, page 2: obituary of George C. Ricamore, opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S367", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The first part of the obituary of George C. Ricamore, headed Confederate Boy Soldier Messenger Dies in Washington, in the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922: his death in Washington, his years as Town Sergeant of Berryville and his errand as a boy in the Civil War.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1922, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922, showing a long newspaper column headed CONFEDERATE BOY SOLDIER MESSENGER DIES IN WASHINGTON, with a deck naming George C. Ricamore and Bell Boyd, followed by the first part of the obituary.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 476,123 334x2328 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 668 by 4657 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-08-31-p2-ricamore-obituary-opening.jpg", "segment_id": "G1593", "original_sha256": "2a3a6d43595abe7fb1569784360b26aea2dc84e9b289c990f208b56dcc22b582", "transcription": "CONFEDERATE BOY SOLDIER MESSENGER DIES IN WASHINGTON George C. Ricamore, Formerly of Berryville, Who Performed Perilous Feat of Carrying Secret Messages to Bell Boyd, Famous Confederate Spy at Washington, is Buried Here. Mr. George C. Ricamore, a former Clarke county farmer and former Town Sergeant of Berryville, who during the Civil War when only a boy of about 15 years performed a mission requiring the highest kind of soldiery courage and self-confidence died last Friday morning from heart trouble at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Charles R. Hughes, Rock Creek Bridge Road, Washington. The end came suddenly and peacefully just as Mr. Ricamore was starting to dress. He had been suffering from heart trouble for two months. When a resident of Clarke Mr. Ricamore was well known. He owned the Green Hill farm, sold it to the \"boom\" and later bought a farm east of it. He was for years Town Sergeant of Berryville, and made one of the most efficient and kindest the town ever had. The boys of those days, now men, often recall Mr. Ricamore's forbearance and kindliness. He was not the type of men [sic] who wanted to bring boys before the Mayor for violations of some town ordinance. Instead, he would catch them and give them some wholesome advice or tell their parents. It was during the Civil War that Mr. Ricamore showed the kind of stuff he was made of. His age barred him from joining the Confederate army, being 14, at the time he sought to enlist. He kept trying, and his chance came when took the place [sic] of the late George Bowers, for whom he substituted. When the Union and Confederate armies faced each other at Second Manassas, the Confederates had important messages which they wish [sic] to get to Bell Boyd, the Confederate spy at Washington. Mr. Ricamore was selected to get through the Union lines. He made several attempts and finally was successful, his plea that he had been driven from home and separated from his family carrying him through the Union lines. Mr. Ricamore said he was small at the time for his age, and the Union soldiers regarded him as only a kid. He made his way to Alexandria picking up a ride now and then on some passing wagon going to and from the front. Finally he reached Washington, delivered the message to the man he was to meet, who in turn delivered them to Bell Boyd. Mr. Ricamore was born at Halltown, Jefferson county, 73 years ago. He was a carpenter by trade--having built the first High School building, a four-room one-story frame structure, that stood on the site of the present High School building, having burned down in February, 1894--and after the civil war he went to Kansas City where he helped erect the city hall of that growing, but not then so populous a community. His name as one of the workmen is carved on a tablet built in the walls of the building. Returning to this country, Mr. Ricamore came to Berryville and", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2", "people": [ "george-c-ricamore" ], "crop_box": { "x": 476, "y": 123, "width": 334, "height": 2328 }, "image_size": { "width": 668, "height": 4657 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-08-31", "page": "2 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1922-08-31", "end": "1922-08-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M506", "title": "Clarke Courier, March 2, 1922, page 1: obituary of Samuel Bonham", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S365", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary of Samuel Bonham, headed Samuel Bonham Dies in Texas, Aged 90, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922: a native of Clarke County who died at Sherman, Texas, a son of Daniel Sowers Bonham and a Confederate veteran.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 2, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922, showing a newspaper column headed SAMUEL BONHAM DIES IN TEXAS, AGED 90, with a deck calling him a native of Clarke County, followed by the obituary text.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1782,2031 334x1607 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 667 by 3214 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-03-02-p1-bonham-obituary.jpg", "segment_id": "G1595", "original_sha256": "466e0392a2bc70b5e364f9db7960d3b5c3da28489d5d8b875f03f3a704d3981b", "transcription": "SAMUEL BONHAM DIES IN TEXAS, AGED 90 Native of Clarke County Saw Lone Star State Grow From Indian Trading Territory to Great Community.--Son of Late Daniel Sowers Bonham. Relatives in Clarke county have received word of the death of Samuel Bonham, who died a few days ago at Sherman, Texas. The end was caused by pneumonia. He was 90 years old. Mr. Bonham was the son of the late Daniel Sowers Bonham and a brother of the late Mrs. Maria Mesmer. He went to Texas when a young man and located at Sherman. He saw that community grow from an Indian trading post to a great prosperous city. He was a veteran of the civil war and served four years in the Confederate army. The Veterans Association of Sherman, of which he was Dean, attended his funeral in a body. He was a devoted Christian and beloved by a host of friends in Sherman.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-03-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "samuel-bonham" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1782, "y": 2031, "width": 334, "height": 1607 }, "image_size": { "width": 667, "height": 3214 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-03-02", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1922-03-02", "end": "1922-03-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M507", "title": "Clarke Courier, June 30, 1921, page 3: obituary of Capt. Hardesty, first captain of the Clarke Cavalry", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S356", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary headed Capt. Jos. R. Hardesty, Confederate, Dies in the Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921: the first captain of the Clarke Cavalry, a retired farmer and stock dealer, dead at 88. The Courier prints his middle initial as R.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-30/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 30, 1921, page 3 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921, showing a very long newspaper column headed CAPT. JOS. R. HARDESTY, CONFEDERATE, DIES, with a deck about the first captain of the Clarke Cavalry, followed by the obituary text.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1048,245 339x2426 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 678 by 4853 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-06-30-p3-hardesty-obituary.jpg", "segment_id": "G1596", "original_sha256": "cdcb046e6175d9491de9112a822073b0f5347a9980e76bc6224727f4c9d448ae", "transcription": "CAPT. JOS. R. HARDESTY, CONFEDERATE, DIES First Captain of Clarke Cavalry and Member of Company Which Helped Guard John Brown--He was 88 Years Old and Man of Remarkable Constitutional Strength--Retired Farmer and Stock Dealer. Capt. Joseph R. Hardesty, former Confederate soldier, retired farmer and stock dealer, passed over the river to the eternal camping ground last Thursday night at 9 o'clock after reaching the ripe old age of 88 years. Death was caused by rheumatic troubles. Dr. A. P. Osborne, his physician, said he was a man of most remarkable constitutional strength. Despite his sufferings at times from rheumatism, Capt. Hardesty was able to be about until the last month of his illness. Capt Hardesty was born at \"Rock Hill\", the old Hardesty family farm, on the Wincheter [sic] pike, opposite Minnie Wood Chapel, in 1833. He was the son of Richard Hardesty, Jr., his father, was married twice and his first wife, who was Sarah Smith, bore him nine children, and his second wife, Miss Pierce, bore him 11 children. Capt. Hardesty was born of the union of the second marriage. Capt. Hardesty's father, Richard Hardesty, Jr., was born in Talbot Jefferson county in 1791 and settled county, Md., in 1770, and came to near Smithfield. He later bought the Rock Hill farm and lived there until he died in 1848. The family was a prominent one in Maryland and has been prominent for generations in Clarke and Frederick counties where many of the descendants live and are among the most substantial business men and farmers. Mr. Hardesty was an uncle of the late R. D. Hardesty, for years one of the leading merchants of Berryville, and also an uncle of Mr. Otho Hardesty, one of the leading retired farmers of the county. A niece of Mr. Hardesty's, who was a daughter of his half-brother, the late Reese Hardesty, was the wife of Daniel Voorhees, the noted Senator from Indiana and one of the great figures in American public life in the days of Samuel J. Tilden and Grover Cleveland. Capt. Hardesty married Miss Martha Richardson, of Frederick county, a sister of the late Dr. W. W. Richardson, for a generation a druggist of Berryville. Mrs. Hardesty's chief joy in life was helping others. The earliest recollections of the editor of The Courier recall the gentleness and the kindness of Mrs. Hardesty, who with her husband and family were next-door neighbors. Capt. Hardesty followed farming when he grew old enough to handle a plow and joined the company of local militia which guarded John Brown at Charles Town during those eventful days prior to the War between the States. When the bugle of that historic struggle made its call to arms, the militia company was organized into the Clarke Cavalry and Capt. Hardesty was made its captain After the war he again took up farming and latter [sic] went into the buying and selling of stock. His specialty was the handling of sheep and during those days he shipped thousands and thousands of head of stock from Clarke county. After the death of his wife, Mr. Hardesty retired from business and lived quietly at his home in the north end of town. He also took a leading part in the civic affairs and served several terms as Mayor of Berryville. Capt. Hardesty is survived by three children--Mr. Harry Hardesty, Mrs. J. W. Gaver, of Berryville, and Mrs. John Decker, of Waynesboro, Va. A large number of nephews and nieces and grand nephews and nieces also survive, as well as grand children and great grand children. Funeral services were held Saturday morning from his late residence, Rev. L. F. Harper officiating, assisted by Rev. M. S. Taylor, rector of Grace Church. His body was interred in Winchester. The pallbearers were Messrs. George C. Thomas, T. W. Whitaker, Adrian Hardesty, Wm. Moore, A. B. Windham, and D. L. Ramsburg.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-30/ed-1/?sp=3", "people": [ "joseph-h-hardesty" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1048, "y": 245, "width": 339, "height": 2426 }, "image_size": { "width": 678, "height": 4853 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-06-30", "page": "3 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1921-06-30", "end": "1921-06-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M511", "title": "Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: war-honors report, opening", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S289", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The opening paragraphs of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923: the list of medals compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, a note that it omits the war medal of James Lindsey, of Boyce, and the start of the citation for John R. Castleman, Jr.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column begins and ends within the article.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a long newspaper column from the opening of a report, with paragraphs on the Virginia War History list of medals, a note about James Lindsey of Boyce, and the start of a citation.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1484,1802 335x979 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 670 by 1958 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1923-04-26-p1-war-honors-opening.jpg", "segment_id": "G1601", "original_sha256": "5119f7860030801e4737982adb96497d5bc03846d1c97c6c2794a31b311eabbf", "transcription": "From the first volume of the Virginia War History, Col. Alfred B. Williams, Editor of The Leesburg Miror [sic], has complied [sic] the list of soldiers from Clarke and adjoining counties who were awarded medals for valor and meritorious duty during the World War. Ten honors were awarded the County of Clarke and of its sons received war medals, according to the complication [sic] in the first volume. This volume does not give the name of James Lindsey, son of Postmaster E. A. Lindsey, of Boyce, who received a war medal for valor at the front in France. This may be \"Jim's\" fault, as he is a modest young man and strenuously objected to the Courier's publication of the award to him at the time it was made. The following are the critations [sic] and other honors awarded Clarke soldiers: J. G. B. Campbell, commandant sanitary service, unit 623, cited by Marshal Petain, of the French army, \"By an example of his valor, courage and coolness he obtained from his unit the maximum support during the offensive of May, 1918, when he executed a perilous mission and exposed himself in order to accomplish it, and succeeded, in the midst of violent bombardments, in rescue the wounded.\" John R. Castleman, Berryville, first lieut. air service pilot, distinguished service cross, Romagne, France, Oct. 5, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action. In spite of being attacked by seven enemy planes (type Fokker) and later by 5 (type Pfalz) Lieut. Castleman successfully accomplished a photographic mission six kilometers behind the German lines, without pro-", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "john-r-castleman-jr", "james-lindsey" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1484, "y": 1802, "width": 335, "height": 979 }, "image_size": { "width": 670, "height": 1958 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1923-04-26", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1923-04-26", "end": "1923-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M513", "title": "Clarke Courier, May 26, 1921, page 2: item on John R. Castleman, Jr.", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S340", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The item on Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr. in the Little Locals column of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921: the highest average in four years at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, chosen valedictorian, and awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle during the World War.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. Other local items in the column are not part of the passage.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-26/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 26, 1921, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921, showing a newspaper column of local news items with a paragraph on Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke county, his record at Blacksburg and his Distinguished Service Medal.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 147,165 340x2020 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 681 by 4039 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-05-26-p2-castleman-little-locals.jpg", "segment_id": "G1605", "original_sha256": "7e55ce9f7f49f098cb35446d1d91c535086b684920c435cfb34ab769a1e1307b", "transcription": "Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke county, son of that brave old Confederate soldier, the late John R. Castleman, of Mosby's Rangers fame, has won laurels in the college class room to match those on the battle lines in France. Word from Blacksburg is to the effect that he has made the highest average record in his studies, covering a period of four years, at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and has been chosen valedictorian for his class at the final exercises. \"John\" was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle with German aeroplanes during the world war. Lieut. Castleman's two brothers, Capt. Howard Castleman and Mr. Frances Castleman, distinguished themselves at college. Miss Flora Castleman will attend the final exercises at Blacksburg.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-26/ed-1/?sp=2", "people": [ "john-r-castleman-jr" ], "crop_box": { "x": 147, "y": 165, "width": 340, "height": 2020 }, "image_size": { "width": 681, "height": 4039 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-05-26", "page": "2 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1921-05-26", "end": "1921-05-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M514", "title": "Clarke Courier, May 26, 1921, page 1: notice of a memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S340", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The notice headed Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero on the front page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921: the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, will unveil a memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell, killed in France, at Stone's Chapel on Sunday, May 29.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The headline and deck have printer's errors (WarHero, France\"s, FFields).", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 26, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero, with a deck about the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and a short notice of the unveiling of a tablet to Robert E. Russell at Stone's Chapel.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1097,2596 335x1088 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 670 by 2175 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-05-26-p1-russell-tablet-notice.jpg", "segment_id": "G1606", "original_sha256": "48e42e55beca1ee88d111b30f5075ae15afc17a7184c033f124137b376612407", "transcription": "Memorial Tablet to Clarke World WarHero Woman's Auxiliary, of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, Will Unveil, May 29, Memorial to Robert E. Russell, One of Clarke's Sons, Who Fell on France\"s [sic] Bloody FFields [sic]. A memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell, who was killed in France during the world war, will be unveiled at Stone's Chapel, Sunday, May 29th, at 3 p. m. The tablet is the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary, of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and all members of the Legion, the Auxiliary and relatives and friends of Mr. Russell, are invited to be present. The services will be conducted by Rev. L. F. Harper, pastor of Stone's Chapel.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-05-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1097, "y": 2596, "width": 335, "height": 1088 }, "image_size": { "width": 670, "height": 2175 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-05-26", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-05-26", "end": "1921-05-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M515", "title": "Clarke Courier, June 2, 1921, page 1: report of the unveiling of the Russell tablet", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S324", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The first part of the report 600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell on the front page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921: more than 600 people at Stone's Chapel for the unveiling of a marble tablet to Robert Edgar Russell, who was killed in the Meuse-Argonne drive, with the wording of the inscription.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 2, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed 600 HONOR MEMORY OF ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL, with a deck about a marble tablet unveiled at Stone's Chapel, followed by the report, including the inscription on the tablet.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 689,472 334x2001 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 669 by 4002 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-06-02-p1-russell-tablet-unveiled.jpg", "segment_id": "G1607", "original_sha256": "4ef25bc6bd5e5b497ef44d6930e09166a9cd8caab03421033ce799e1dd19b34b", "transcription": "600 HONOR MEMORY OF ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL Beautiful Marble Tablet Unveiled in Historic Stone's Chapel as Memorial to Son of Clarke who was Killed in Meuse Argonne Drive--Commander Rice W. Levi Makes Presentation Speech. That gratitude for the heroic sacrifice of Robert Edgar Russell, a son of Clarke county, who was killed in the Meuse Argonne Drive, lives in the hearts of the people of this county was exemplified last Sunday when more than 600 men, women and children journeyed to historic Stone's Presbyterian Chapel, near Swimley, to take part in the ceremonies of unveiling a beautiful marble tablet to his memory. The church, where Mr. Russell worshipped before he went to France was filled with the largest crowd which had gathered there. Every seat was occupied, the aisles were packed, the Sunday school room in the rear of the pulpit was filled, and people stood on the outside at the open windows. The tablet, erected by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, is made of marble with the wording inlaid in gold. It was placed on the wall to the right of the pulpit. The inscription upon it is as follows: IN MEMORY OF ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL Private Co. C, 128th Inf., 32nd Div. Killed in Action Oct. 12, 1918, MEUSE-ARGONNE, FRANCE Presented by Woman's Auxiliary Lloyd Williams Post American Legion. The services incident to the unveiling of the tablet were conducted by Rev. L. F. Harper, pastor of Stone's Chapel. He was assisted by Rev. Malcolm S. Taylor, rector of Grace Episcopal Church, and chaplain of Lloyd Williams Post, and Rev. George Gaither, pastor of Crum's Methodist Church. Forty-two members of the Lloyd Williams Post and the members of Woman's Auxiliary attended the services. The veterans marched down the aisle and took their seats to the right of the pulpit while the Women's Auxiliary, led by Mrs. Sara Elder, its president, occupied seats to the left. Members of Mr. Russell's family were seated on the right. The tablet was unveiled by Miss Helen Watson Russell, a niece of the dead soldier and the daughter of Mr. L. N. Russell, of Berryville. She pulled a cord which detached the white shroud over the memorial. After the singing of hymns and prayers by Mr. Harper and Mr. Taylor, the presentation speech was delivered by Commander Rice W. Levi on behalf of the Woman's Auxiliary.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "crop_box": { "x": 689, "y": 472, "width": 334, "height": 2001 }, "image_size": { "width": 669, "height": 4002 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-06-02", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-06-02", "end": "1921-06-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M520", "title": "Clarke Courier, August 16, 1923, page 1: obituary of Mrs. Martin Mallory", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S293", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The obituary of Mrs. Martin Mallory, headed Mrs. Mallory Dies After Long Illness, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, which says her husband served many months overseas with the 116th Infantry, 29th Division, followed by a card of thanks signed Martin P. Mallery (as printed).", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The obituary is of Mrs. Mallory; its mention of her husband's war service is the passage that bears on Martin Mallory.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, showing a newspaper column headed MRS. MALLORY DIES AFTER LONG ILLNESS, with a deck calling her husband a former A. E. F. veteran, followed by the obituary and a card of thanks.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1155,1562 330x1672 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 661 by 3344 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1923-08-16-p1-mallory-obituary.jpg", "segment_id": "G1614", "original_sha256": "439c9dac98e565e2270d2956548b289691e6ef5c7e15adc6fc6f1e3f5f9d40e7", "transcription": "MRS. MALLORY DIES AFTER LONG ILLNESS Wife of Former A. .E. .F. .Veteran Dies at Home of Husband's Parents in Berryville. Leaves No Children. Member of the Presbyterian Church Mrs. Martin Mallory died at the home of her husband's parents in Berryville on August 11 at 6:30 a. m. Since April 1st she had been confined to her bed, yet at no time was she heard to complain of her suffering Before her marriage about three years ago to Mr. Mallory, she [w]as formerly Miss Julia Marlowe. During the World War her husband who is a son of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Mallory, served many months on foreign soil in Company 1, 116th Infantry, of the 29th Division. Mrs. Mallory was 28 years of age and a daughter of the late Elijah Marlowe of this county. There were no children and she is survived by the husband, Mr. Martin Mallory; her mother, Mrs. Clarence Hampton six brothers, Messrs. Tom, Will, and James, of Berryville, Ed of Alexandria, Joe of Hagerstown, Elijah of Ohio; two sisters, Mrs. Newton Renner and Mrs. Lester Sowers, of Berryville; one half brother, Mr. John Marlowe, and one half sister, Mrs. Smallwood, both of Jefferson County W. Va. She was a member of the Presbyterian church in Berryville Funeral services were held at the Presbyterian church here on Sunday afternoon at 5 o'clock, the Rev. Mr. Harper conducting. A large number of relatives and friends were present. The pallbearers were Messrs. Garfield Oiler, Raymond L[evi], Marshal Levi, H[u]bert Lanham, Eustis and Edgar Jackson. Interment was made in Green Hill cemetery. CARD of THANKS I wish to thank my friends for their thoughtfullness [sic] and kindness during the illness of my wife. Martin P. Mallery [sic]", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-08-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "martin-mallory" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1155, "y": 1562, "width": 330, "height": 1672 }, "image_size": { "width": 661, "height": 3344 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1923-08-16", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1923-08-16", "end": "1923-08-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M505", "title": "Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922, page 2: obituary of George C. Ricamore, close", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S367", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The close of the obituary of George C. Ricamore in the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922: his marriage and his farm, the funeral services conducted by Rev. Nathan Maynard, burial in Green Hill Cemetery, the pallbearers and the survivors.", "context_disclosure": "Print damaged in places; letters that could not be read on the page are supplied from context.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1922, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922, showing a newspaper column that continues an obituary, with several words broken at the edges, running through the burial in Green Hill Cemetery to the list of survivors.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 814,124 330x2328 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 661 by 4657 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-08-31-p2-ricamore-obituary-close.jpg", "segment_id": "G1594", "original_sha256": "2a3a6d43595abe7fb1569784360b26aea2dc84e9b289c990f208b56dcc22b582", "transcription": "married Miss Virginia Pulliam, daughter of the late Matthew Pulliam. He short time afterwards bought the Green Hill farm, which he tilled until the boom days. He was a man of sterling courage, quiet and unaffected manner, and a devoted friend to those he liked. His body was brought [...] Saturday and after funeral services Sunday afternoon at [ ] o'clock from the house of the Misses Pulliam, which were conducted by Rev. Nathan [Maynard?], of the Baptist Church, burial was made in Green Hill Cemetery, overlooking the farm he so long made his home. The pallbearers were Messrs. George H. Levi, E. G. Coiner, J. T. L. Jones, W. W. Smallwood, Preston Marks and Dr. George N. Hardesty. Mr. Ricamore is survived by his widow, and four children--Mrs. Charles R. Hughes, of Washington, and Messrs. P. M. Ricamore, of Berryville, W. P Ricamore, of Pontiac, Mich., and Mr. E. C. Ricamore, of Wayne, Mich.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2", "people": [ "george-c-ricamore" ], "crop_box": { "x": 814, "y": 124, "width": 330, "height": 2328 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-08-31", "page": "2 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1922-08-31", "end": "1922-08-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M508", "title": "Clarke Courier, June 29, 1922, page 4: letter on a river rescue, middle part", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S335", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The middle of the letter headed Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922: a first-person account of crossing the Shenandoah with a four-horse team and bringing a brother out of the river, and the writer's comment on the deed.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column begins and ends mid-sentence. This part of the letter does not print Mr. Moore's name; the opening of the letter, which does, is in another crop of the page.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-29/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 29, 1922, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, showing a very long newspaper column of a letter that begins mid-sentence, with a quoted first-person story about crossing a river with a four-horse team and a rescue from the water.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1178,1471 332x2224 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 665 by 4448 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-06-29-p4-moore-letter-river-rescue.jpg", "segment_id": "G1598", "original_sha256": "d74755bfc4f60a4437bfcb3f9822b985d66262496316ec54ff59a60f608faad9", "transcription": "\"You know my brother Alf., we call him 'Coon; well, mour'n a ear [sic] ago, mour'n two year I reckin; early in April we was crossing the river (Shenandoah) with a four-horse team. We had a right wild leader and he wouldn't take the water, the river had gone up over night. So I sez 'Coon, I'll mount the leader and you stay on the saddle horse. Well, after getting started, I thought we was allright and I kept looking ahead for the ford. Finallly [sic], I tuck a look back and Coon was gone. The saddle horse had blundered and throwed him over his head and tht [sic] wheel had run over and badly broken his leg. I swept the river with my eye and seen his hat floating in the water some distance below me. I slid down offen the leader and with the water right up to my neck I beat my way back to where I thought he must be and sho 'nough his body come up not far from me and went down, and when it come up the second time I grabbed him and floundered back to the wagon and managed to get him in. If I had not been customed to the water I could not have drargged [sic] him back or even saved myself. But we got across, got help and soon got a doctor.\" What a simple recital of a splendid deed. When this drama was enacted, no drums were beating, no flags were flying, no grandstand was shouting its applause. No human eye beheld this noble if not knightly act. None saw it save the blue sky above, the billowy waters as they went rolling by, the tall sycamores standing like silent sentinels along the river's brim and the Omnipotent One who we are told suffers not a sparrow to fall unnoticed. But if seen perchance by none of these the glory of that deed will not be thereby diminished. In the Great Book of Life it is written and will there forever remain. Therre [sic] is something pathetic in the contemplation of the life of this stalwart old son of the mountains -- Tall and impressive in his youth, the weight of life more than three score years and ten has left its impress on his snow white locks and his shrunken form. Serving Virginia loyally in her hour of need, he looks back today on a life of hard knocks of heroic service of duty done. Choosing a life of celibacy, he and \"Coon\" have lived alone in their modest little cottage high up on the hills of the Blue Ridge. But the shelter of their humble roof and the warmth of their hospitality have not been withheld from those who possibly may have had collateral claim on their bounty. Soon, too soon, this fine old fellow will fall into his last long sleep. No splendid ceremonial will invest his burial. His body will be laid away by friendly hands; with simple rites, in the little mountain grave, sequestered, remote, obscure; in the shadow of the tall pines among whose waving branches the winds of summer murmers [sic] and complain. No hero's medal will decorate his breast; no distinguished service cross will be worn upon his shoulder. Perhaps a wooden headboard will mark the spot where his body lies, or at best a simple slab will tell his name and the date of his birth and death. That is all; and the world will at once forget him. But were fitting tribute paid his memory there would rise above his lifeless form a noble memorial on which the graven words would be: what the angle [sic]", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-29/ed-1/?sp=4", "people": [ "james-frank-moore" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1178, "y": 1471, "width": 332, "height": 2224 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-06-29", "page": "4 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1922-06-29", "end": "1922-06-29", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M510", "title": "Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: headline, Ten War Honors For Clarke County", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S289", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The headline and deck of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County on the front page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, naming \"Josh\" Campbell, Lieut. John R. Castleman, Admiral McCormick (printed Abmiral), William G. Reynolds and Maj. Lloyd Williams.", "context_disclosure": "Print damaged in places; letters that could not be read on the page are supplied from context.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a wide newspaper headline reading Ten War Honors For Clarke County; Five of Her Soldiers Awarded Medals, with a deck naming five men honored with medals for valor and meritorious duty in the World War.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1484,1547 673x253 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 1346 by 506 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1923-04-26-p1-war-honors-headline.jpg", "segment_id": "G1600", "original_sha256": "5119f7860030801e4737982adb96497d5bc03846d1c97c6c2794a31b311eabbf", "transcription": "Ten War Honors For Clarke County; Five of Her Soldiers Awarded Medals Virginia War History Records Show That \"Josh\" Campbell, Lieut. John R. Castleman, Abmiral [sic] McCormick, William G. Reynolds and Maj. Lloyd Williams Are Honored with Medals for Valor and Meritorious Duty in World War·", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "john-r-castleman-jr", "william-graham-reynolds" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1484, "y": 1547, "width": 673, "height": 253 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1923-04-26", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1923-04-26", "end": "1923-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M516", "title": "Clarke Courier, June 2, 1921, page 1: presentation speech at the Russell tablet unveiling", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S324", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The next part of the report 600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell in the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921: the presentation speech of Commander Rice W. Levi for the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column begins within the article.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 2, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921, showing a long newspaper column of a quoted speech about the duty of the American Legion to disabled comrades and to those who gave their lives.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 689,2476 337x1186 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 674 by 2373 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-06-02-p1-russell-tablet-speech.jpg", "segment_id": "G1609", "original_sha256": "4ef25bc6bd5e5b497ef44d6930e09166a9cd8caab03421033ce799e1dd19b34b", "transcription": "\"Those of us who were fortunate enough to return to civil life with our former health and strength have the opportunity to reap the reward of the sacrifices we made and the hardships we endured, so we of the American Legion have ever considered it our first duty to care for those of our comrades who are disabled in the service and to honor the memory of those who made the supreme sacrifice by giving up their lives in the cause of freedom. So we are here today to assist in the dedication of this memorial to one of our comrades who laid down his life in the serviee [sic] of his country. \"This tablet is the gift of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, No. 41, of the American Legion. At their last regular meeting these ladies decided to present this memorial to the church and ded-cate [sic] it to the memory of Robert Edgar Russell. \"May it stand as the years roll on a constant reminder of the lives and deeds of those of our comrades who gave heir [sic] lives in their nations' cause. May it remain here as a perpetual evidence of the gratitude of the people of this community. \"It reminds us that to those who gave unselfish service is rendered the deepest gratitude by their fellow countrymen. \"The din and the clash of war is stilled. No more do the legions in olive drab parade in camp and cantonment. Respect for the American flag on the high seas and courteous consideration for America's voice in the councils of the world has been secured. Such mementoes as these serve to remind us that our proud station among the foremost nations of the earth was not won without effort, and that there are duties and sacrifices as well as privileges of citizenship. \"By the presentation of this memorial we are assured that our honored dead are not forgotten that the ideals for which they gave their all still live, honored and jealously guarded.\"", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "crop_box": { "x": 689, "y": 2476, "width": 337, "height": 1186 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-06-02", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-06-02", "end": "1921-06-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M517", "title": "Clarke Courier, September 15, 1921, page 1: report of the funeral of Robert E. Russell", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S355", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The first part of the report Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell on the front page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921: the body of the soldier killed in France was brought home and buried beside his mother's grave, with funeral services at the Presbyterian Church.", "context_disclosure": "Print damaged in places; letters that could not be read on the page are supplied from context.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 15, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed BIG THRONG HONOR ROBERT E. RUSSELL, with a deck about the burial of a world war hero beside his mother's grave, followed by the first paragraphs of the report.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1720,501 339x656 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 678 by 1312 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-09-15-p1-russell-funeral.jpg", "segment_id": "G1610", "original_sha256": "576cbabf9f96b185a3160c6fcb784f462e59689626c0728facb40a43e7895714", "transcription": "BIG THRONG HONOR ROBERT E. RUSSELL Body of World War Hero, Killed in France, is Buried Besides Grave of His Mother--Funeral Services Largely Attended--American Legion Escort of Honor. The body of Robert E. Russell, one of Clarke's world war heroes, who was killed in France, was brought home last Friday and on Sunday was laid in its last resting place besides the grave of his devoted mother, whose health began to decline after her boy had made the supreme sacrifice in the great war. Funeral services over all that was mortal of the oldier [sic] was held in the Presbyterian Church. The edifice was crowded to its doors by hundreds of Clarke people, who came from all parts of the county to pay a last tribute of respect to this gallant young man. The services were conducted by Rev. L. F. Harper, the pastor, assisted by Rev. Mr. Gaither, The American Legion and the firing squad from Co. I, of Wincheser [sic]. gave a big military touch to the ob-", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1720, "y": 501, "width": 339, "height": 656 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-09-15", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-09-15", "end": "1921-09-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M518", "title": "Clarke Courier, September 15, 1921, page 1: report of the funeral of Robert E. Russell, burial", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S355", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The rest of the report Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell in the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921: the guard of honor and pallbearers, the burial at Green Hill Cemetery, and a short account of his service in Co. C, 128th Infantry, 32nd Division, and his death in action on October 12, 1918.", "context_disclosure": "Print damaged in places; letters that could not be read on the page are supplied from context.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 15, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921, showing a newspaper column that begins mid-word, naming the guard of honor and the pallbearers, the burial at Green Hill Cemetery and the military service of Robert Edgar Russell.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1712,1155 342x694 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 683 by 1387 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-09-15-p1-russell-burial.jpg", "segment_id": "G1611", "original_sha256": "576cbabf9f96b185a3160c6fcb784f462e59689626c0728facb40a43e7895714", "transcription": "sequies. The Lloyd Wiliams [sic] Post furnished the guard of honor which was under the command of Commander Rice W. Levi. The pallbearers were Thos. J. Fenton, L. H. Kercheval,—Dennis N. Kaine, Edgar P. Carter, Jr., Hugh, F. Johnson, and Herbert J. Duke, veterans of the great war. The pallbearers marched on the two sides of the hearse. The firing squad, which sounded taps over the grave, was under the charge of Capt. George R. Grim, of Winchester After the services at the church the throng on foot and in automobiles proceeded to Green Hill Cemetery when the soldier's body was laid to rest Robert Edgar Russell was a private in Co. C, 128th Infantry. 32nd Division. He was killed in action on Octob[er] 12, 1918, on the Meuse Argonne front. Practically no details of the death has been received by the family, and for a long ime [sic] it was not known by the family as to whether the body had ben [sic] found after he met his death in fighting the Germans. There has been placed on the walls of Stone's Chapel a memoria[l] tablet [...] funds for which were raised by the Woman's Auxiliary of the American Legion. This tablet was unveiled in May.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-09-15/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "robert-edgar-russell" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1712, "y": 1155, "width": 342, "height": 694 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-09-15", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1921-09-15", "end": "1921-09-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M519", "title": "Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922, page 1: report of the drowning of Linton Lloyd", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S363", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The report headed Linton Lloyd, World War Veteran, Drowned on the front page of the Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922: Private Linton Earl Lloyd, one of five Lloyd brothers who went to France, drowned in a small reservoir near his father's home; his service in Co. D, 101st Infantry, 26th Division, and his funeral.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 9, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922, showing a long newspaper column headed LINTON LLOYD, WORLD WAR VETERAN, DROWNED, with a deck about a fall into a small reservoir, followed by the report of his death, service and funeral.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 728,476 334x1933 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 669 by 3866 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-02-09-p1-lloyd-drowned.jpg", "segment_id": "G1612", "original_sha256": "2252363913abc019d86ef62fbbff1ae6a8a0fbc64ef985a4936a4b3ffecb4f2b", "transcription": "LINTON LLOYD, WORLD WAR VETERAN, DROWNED Falls Into Small Reservoir Near His Father's Home--Believed He Suffered Heart Attack--One of Five Lloyd Boys Who Went to France. Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. W. Lloyd, of near Berrys Ferry, who was one of the fifive [sic] Lloyd brothers who went to France and helped lick the Kaiser, was drowned in a small reservoir not far from his father's home last Friday. It is believed that Mr. Lloyd slipped and struck his head against a rock, rendering him unconscious, or his heart collapsed. When found his face was submerged in about 12 inches of water which had gathered in the reservoir that the young man was building. News of Mr. Lloyd's death came as a shock to the community. His family has the distinction of furnishing five sons for active service in France during the world war, he being one of the five. Mr. Lloyd was 24 years old. He served as a member of Co. D, 101st Inf., 26th Division (Yankee Division), and was with that organization in France from September 5, 1918, until April 22, 19[2]0 Mr. Lloyd and his four brothers, Messrs. Charles, Howard, Griffith and Grover, were members of the Lloyd Williams Post. As soon as news of his untimely death reached Berryville, Post Commander Spates made arrangements for the organization to attend the funeral. Despite the bad weather those who paid a last tribute to this world war hero were Commander Spates, former Commander Rice W. Levi, Ernest Locke, Ami Strother, Charles Enders, Samuel Eidson and H. L. Boxwell. The pallbearers were Norval W. Carter, Leon D. Scheuer, Harry A. Simons, Herbert J. Duke, H. B. Harris, and M. F. Wisecarver, also members of the Legion. The casket containing the body of the ex-buddy was draped with the American flag by the Legion and conveyed to its last resting place in the graveyard at Providence Chapel. A large crowd of friends of the young man attended the services. Mr. Lloyd is survived by his parents, six brothers and three sisters.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "linton-earl-lloyd" ], "crop_box": { "x": 728, "y": 476, "width": 334, "height": 1933 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-02-09", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1922-02-09", "end": "1922-02-09", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M521", "title": "Clarke Courier, February 24, 1921, page 4: wedding notice of Walter Hardesty", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S348", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The notice headed Walter Hardesty Weds Martinsburg Girl in the Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921: the marriage of Walter Hardesty, of Berryville, to Miss Alice N. Grant at the Methodist parsonage in Martinsburg, with his service as a motor mechanic in France.", "context_disclosure": "Print damaged in places; letters that could not be read on the page are supplied from context.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-24/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 24, 1921, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTINSBURG GIRL, with a deck calling him a former overseas soldier, followed by a wedding notice.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 827,175 333x3540 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 666 by 7080 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-02-24-p4-w-hardesty-wedding.jpg", "segment_id": "G1615", "original_sha256": "9de04b0929a83ef7141cc6efea85b8e8dd8be0e51d17d6d31191d5c2d2a4608b", "transcription": "WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTINSBURG GIRL Former Overseas Soldier is Married To Miss Alice Grant. At the parsonage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Martinsburg, Miss Alice N. Grant, of Martinsburg, became the bride of Mr. Walter Hardesty, of Berryville, Va. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J R. Jacobs, the attendants being Miss Loretta McDonald, of Martinsburg, and Mr. Roger Hardesty, of Virginia. The bride was becomingly gowned in a blue serge traveling suit with hat to match. The bride is the attractive daughter of Mr and Mrs. J. O. Grant. The groom is the son of Mr. O. J. Hardesty. of near Berryville, and is a prominent farmer of that section. During the recent war Mr. Hardesty spent tweuty-three [sic] months in active service as a motor mechanic, ranking as sergeant of his company and twenty months of his time was spent in active service in France. The ceremony was witnessed by a few intimate friends of the contracting parties. The couple left on B. and O. train No. 6 for a tour of the eastern cities. After March 1st, Mr. and Mrs. Hardesty will be at home to their friends at the groom's home near Berryville.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-02-24/ed-1/?sp=4", "people": [ "walter-hardesty" ], "crop_box": { "x": 827, "y": 175, "width": 333, "height": 3540 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1921-02-24", "page": "4 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1921-02-24", "end": "1921-02-24", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M522", "title": "Decoration Day at Old Chapel, Clarke Courier, June 3, 1903", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S684", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Decoration Day at Old Chapel\": the Courier's short report of the 1903 services and their crowd.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1903, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1903-06-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 3, 1903, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Decoration Day at Old Chapel.\" It reports that the services were well attended, one of the largest crowds ever seen there, and that Capt. R. S. Parks of Luray gave the oration.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2078,9171,923,700 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 923 by 700 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1903-06-03-p1-decoration-day-at-old-chapel.jpg", "date": { "start": "1903-06-03", "end": "1903-06-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M523", "title": "Decoration Day at Green Hill, Clarke Courier, May 29, 1912", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S685", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Decoration at Green Hill\": the Courier's 1912 report of the services, held under a threatening sky.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1912, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1912-05-29/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 29, 1912, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Decoration at Green Hill.\" It reports that the Decoration Day services at Green Hill Cemetery were largely attended although the weather was threatening, and that the attendance was possibly the largest ever at the annual services.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1394,4389,687,740 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 687 by 740 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1912-05-29-p1-decoration-day-at-green-hill.jpg", "date": { "start": "1912-05-29", "end": "1912-05-29", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M524", "title": "The false armistice report, Clarke Courier, November 14, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S686", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"That Erroneous Armistice-Signing Report\": the Courier explains the celebration it had touched off a week too early.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-11-14/ed-1/?sp=2", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 14, 1918, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"THAT ERRONEOUS ARMISTICE-SIGNING REPORT.\" It says Berryville rang its church bells and blew its whistles on a report, telephoned by the Courier's man in Washington, that Germany had signed the armistice, and that the signing had been prematurely announced.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 823,3289,751,4110 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 751 by 4110 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1918-11-14-p2-the-false-armistice-report.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-11-14", "end": "1918-11-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M525", "title": "Plans for July 4th, Clarke Courier, June 12, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S687", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th\": the first announcement of the welcome home for Clarke's returning soldiers.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-06-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 12, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long front-page newspaper column headed \"Big Celebration Planned for July 4th in Honor of Clarke's Returning World-War Heroes,\" describing plans for a parade, speeches, a dinner in the court house yard and a \"Welcome Home\" arch over the Town Square.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2211,2909,1357,4504 of the full-resolution page), 1357 by 4504 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 3983 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-06-12-p1-plans-for-july-4th.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-06-12", "end": "1919-06-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M526", "title": "Clarke County's Roll of Honor, Clarke Courier, July 3, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S688", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Clarke County's Roll of Honor\": the list recorded with the Circuit Court clerk, printed in two parts, the second headed \"Colored.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 3, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A tall newspaper column headed \"CLARKE COUNTY'S ROLL OF HONOR,\" with a short introduction about recording the names with the Clerk of the Circuit Court, followed by long lists of names, the second list headed \"COLORED\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1483,2202,1342,5168 of the full-resolution page), 1342 by 5168 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 4621 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-07-03-p1-clarke-county-s-roll-of-honor.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-07-03", "end": "1919-07-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M527", "title": "The plan for Welcome Home Day, Clarke Courier, July 3, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S688", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"All Is Now Ready for Clarke County's Welcome Home Day\": the plan printed the day before, including the colored veterans' march and dinner.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 3, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"ALL IS NOW READY FOR CLARKE COUNTY'S WELCOME HOME DAY,\" giving the parade route and time, the speakers, the basket picnic on the court house green, and the plan for the colored veterans to march in a body and be given a dinner afterward.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1483,916,1342,1299 of the full-resolution page), 1342 by 1299 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1162 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-07-03-p1-the-plan-for-welcome-home-day.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-07-03", "end": "1919-07-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M528", "title": "5,000 at the welcome home, Clarke Courier, July 10, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S689", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes\": the Courier's report of the day, with the gold-star float and the names it gave.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 10, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"5,000 Pay Homage to Clarke Heroes.\" Part of it describes a vehicle draped in white with seven gold stars on a flag, representing Maj. Lloyd Williams, Robert E. Russell, Oliver L. Smallwood, Wilmer W. Wiley, James W. Lanham and Oliver W. Ashby. A second column beside it reports a house party and dance.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1472,4787,1357,2120 of the full-resolution page), 1357 by 2120 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1875 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-07-10-p1-5-000-at-the-welcome-home.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-07-10", "end": "1919-07-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M529", "title": "The Armistice Day meeting notice, Clarke Courier, November 6, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S690", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Armistice Day Meeting\": the Lloyd Williams Post calls its members to Winston Hall on the first anniversary.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-11-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 6, 1919, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper notice headed \"ARMISTICE DAY MEETING,\" announcing a meeting of the Lloyd Williams Post No. 41, American Legion, at Winston Hall on Tuesday, November 11, at 7:30 p.m., signed by L. D. Scheuer, Secretary.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2102,2301,692,880 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 692 by 880 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-11-06-p3-the-armistice-day-meeting-notice.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-11-06", "end": "1919-11-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M530", "title": "Decoration Day at Old Chapel announced, Clarke Courier, June 3, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S691", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier announces Decoration Day at Old Chapel in 1920, \"at 4 O'clock in The Afternoon.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-06-03/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 3, 1920, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item with a long headline beginning \"Decoration Day in Historic Cemetery Will be Observed at 4 O'clock in The Afternoon,\" announcing that flowers will be strewn on the graves at Old Chapel and inviting the public.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2216,4422,681,1070 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 681 by 1070 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1920-06-03-p1-decoration-day-at-old-chapel-announced.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-06-03", "end": "1920-06-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M531", "title": "Armistice Day a legal holiday, Clarke Courier, November 4, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S692", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Armistice Day to Be a Legal Holiday\": the governor's proclamation for November 11, 1920, as the Courier printed it.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-11-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 4, 1920, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"ARMISTICE DAY TO BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY\" with the deck \"Gov. Davis Proclaims Thursday, November 11, a Legal Holiday,\" followed by the text of the proclamation.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2739,4613,699,2150 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 699 by 2150 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1920-11-04-p3-armistice-day-a-legal-holiday.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-11-04", "end": "1920-11-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M532", "title": "Markers on Confederate graves, Clarke Courier, May 21, 1925", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S693", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Place Markers on Graves Here\": the UDC's crosses at Green Hill, with the Ladies' Cemetery Committee's order of services below.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1925, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-05-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 21, 1925, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"PLACE MARKERS ON GRAVES HERE,\" about crosses placed by the United Daughters of the Confederacy on Confederate graves at Green Hill Cemetery, followed by a boxed \"Order of Services on Memorial at Green Hill Cemetery\" listing hymns, prayers and the distribution of flowers.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1742,938,808,2430 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 808 by 2430 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1925-05-21-p1-markers-on-confederate-graves.jpg", "date": { "start": "1925-05-21", "end": "1925-05-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M533", "title": "The Armistice night parade, Clarke Courier, November 12, 1925", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S694", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Fine Parade Viewed Here\": the Fall Festival parade, postponed to the night of Armistice Day, 1925.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1925, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1925-11-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 12, 1925, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"FINE PARADE VIEWED HERE\" with the deck \"Armistice Day Saw Postponed Festival Parade Success,\" describing the band, floats, decorated cars and the ceremonies in the square.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 75,993,866,3618 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 866 by 3618 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1925-11-12-p1-the-armistice-night-parade.jpg", "date": { "start": "1925-11-12", "end": "1925-11-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M534", "title": "The Memorial Days of 1927, Clarke Courier, May 19, 1927", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S695", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Memorial Days for Section\": the 1927 calendar, Green Hill and Old Chapel on the fourth Saturday in May, and May 30.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1927, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1927-05-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 19, 1927, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"MEMORIAL DAYS FOR SECTION\" with the deck \"Special Services at Front Royal, Berryville and Old Chapel,\" and subheads \"Berryville Exercises\" and \"The Old Chapel\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2515,946,797,2409 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 797 by 2409 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1927-05-19-p1-the-memorial-days-of-1927.jpg", "date": { "start": "1927-05-19", "end": "1927-05-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M535", "title": "The Legion bazaar and parade, Clarke Courier, November 17, 1927", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S696", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Good Parade Here Friday\": the Legion and Auxiliary's Armistice Day bazaar, parade and dance, 1927.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1927, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1927-11-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 17, 1927, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"GOOD PARADE HERE FRIDAY\" with the deck \"Armistice Day Bazaar and Other Legion Features Prove Successful,\" describing the parade and an impromptu dance at the Battletown Inn.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 99,981,870,2073 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 870 by 2073 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1927-11-17-p1-the-legion-bazaar-and-parade.jpg", "date": { "start": "1927-11-17", "end": "1927-11-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M536", "title": "Bells and two minutes of silence, Clarke Courier, November 13, 1930", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S697", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"League Presents a Fine Program\": the bells, the halted traffic and the two minutes of silence of Armistice Day, 1930.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1930-11-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 13, 1930, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A tall newspaper column headed \"LEAGUE PRESENTS A FINE PROGRAM,\" with the deck \"Legion And Auxiliary Join With School In Putting On Interesting Armistice Feature,\" describing the ringing of the town bells and two minutes of silence.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 102,1049,821,4480 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 821 by 4480 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1930-11-13-p1-bells-and-two-minutes-of-silence.jpg", "date": { "start": "1930-11-13", "end": "1930-11-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M537", "title": "Memorial Day at Green Hill, 1932, Clarke Courier, June 2, 1932", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S698", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk at Memorial Day Services at Green Hill\": the 1932 exercises, held by the Legion, its Auxiliary and a Guard detachment.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1932; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-06-02/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 2, 1932, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Dr. Tucker Gives Fine Talk At Memorial Day Services At Green Hill,\" reporting that the graves of soldiers of the Civil War, the Spanish American War and the World War were decorated with flags and flowers.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 975,1703,790,1917 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 790 by 1917 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1932-06-02-p1-memorial-day-at-green-hill-1932.jpg", "date": { "start": "1932-06-02", "end": "1932-06-02", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M538", "title": "A flag for the school, Clarke Courier, October 27, 1932", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S699", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Woman's Auxiliary to Present Flag\": the Auxiliary's plan for Armistice Day, 1932.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1932; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1932-10-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 27, 1932, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"WOMAN'S AUXILIARY TO PRESENT FLAG,\" announcing that the Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post would present a flag to the Elementary School on Armistice Day at 3:30 p.m., with Captain Frank M. Wray to speak.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 1791,5784,800,470 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 800 by 470 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1932-10-27-p1-a-flag-for-the-school.jpg", "date": { "start": "1932-10-27", "end": "1932-10-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M539", "title": "Tribute to 'Rebel' soldiers, Clarke Courier, June 6, 1935", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S700", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Pays Tribute to 'Rebel' Soldiers\": the 1935 Memorial Day address at Old Chapel.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1935; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1935-06-06/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 6, 1935, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"PAYS TRIBUTE TO 'REBEL' SOLDIERS\" with the deck \"Col. B. M. Roszel Delivers Main Address At Old Chapel Memorial Day Exercises\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 2489,4261,796,2918 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 796 by 2918 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1935-06-06-p5-tribute-to-rebel-soldiers.jpg", "date": { "start": "1935-06-06", "end": "1935-06-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M540", "title": "Memorial Day at Green Hill, 1936, Clarke Courier, June 4, 1936", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S701", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"County Pays Honor to War Dead at Exercises\": Memorial Day at Green Hill, 1936.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1936; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1936-06-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 4, 1936, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"COUNTY PAYS HONOR TO WAR DEAD AT EXERCISES,\" reporting Memorial Day exercises at Green Hill Cemetery sponsored by the Lloyd Williams Post and the Woman's Auxiliary.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 863,5309,809,2104 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 809 by 2104 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1936-06-04-p1-memorial-day-at-green-hill-1936.jpg", "date": { "start": "1936-06-04", "end": "1936-06-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M541", "title": "A quiet Armistice Day, 1938, Clarke Courier, November 17, 1938", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S702", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice\": a quiet holiday in 1938, set against the bells of 1918.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1938; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1938-11-17/ed-1/?sp=5", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 17, 1938, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"20 Years Ago Town Observes Armistice,\" comparing the quiet holiday of 1938, with stores and banks closed and flags out, to the wild rejoicing of November 11, 1918.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 3138,802,793,1699 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 793 by 1699 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1938-11-17-p5-a-quiet-armistice-day-1938.jpg", "date": { "start": "1938-11-17", "end": "1938-11-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M542", "title": "The 1941 editorial, Clarke Courier, November 6, 1941", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S703", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Armistice Day, 1941\": the Courier's editorial a month before Pearl Harbor.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1941; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1941-11-06/ed-1/?sp=10", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 6, 1941, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper editorial headed \"ARMISTICE DAY, 1941,\" recalling the armistice signed in 1918 and saying that the peace laid the foundations for the second war.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 294,2351,2283,2701 of the full-resolution page), 2283 by 2701 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1420 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1941-11-06-p10-the-1941-editorial.jpg", "date": { "start": "1941-11-06", "end": "1941-11-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M543", "title": "The 1942 editorial, Clarke Courier, November 5, 1942", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S704", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Armistice Day\": the Courier's 1942 editorial looks back to the bells of 1918.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1942; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1942-11-05/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 5, 1942, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper editorial headed \"ARMISTICE DAY,\" opening \"Twenty-four years ago, November 11, 1918\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 324,2694,2302,3072 of the full-resolution page), 2302 by 3072 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1601 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1942-11-05-p8-the-1942-editorial.jpg", "date": { "start": "1942-11-05", "end": "1942-11-05", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M544", "title": "Memorial Day in wartime, 1943, Clarke Courier, June 3, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S705", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Tribute Paid Dead on Memorial Day Sunday\": the 1943 exercises, in the rain and on foot.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-06-03/ed-1/?sp=13", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 3, 1943, page 13. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Tribute Paid Dead On Memorial Day Sunday,\" reporting exercises at Green Hill Cemetery in intermittent rain, with most of the crowd having walked from Berryville under the gasoline ban.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 3120,404,1087,2480 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 1087 by 2480 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1943-06-03-p13-memorial-day-in-wartime-1943.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-06-03", "end": "1943-06-03", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M545", "title": "A blood clinic on Armistice Day, Clarke Courier, November 4, 1943", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S706", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"200 Volunteers Are Needed for Blood Clinic Next Week\": Armistice Day, 1943.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1943-11-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 4, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"200 Volunteers Are Needed For Blood Clinic Next Week\" with the deck \"Armistice Day Marks Fourth Time That Mobile Unit Has Visited County\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 396,1789,1044,2639 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 1044 by 2639 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1943-11-04-p1-a-blood-clinic-on-armistice-day.jpg", "date": { "start": "1943-11-04", "end": "1943-11-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M546", "title": "The Victory Loan rally, Clarke Courier, November 15, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S707", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"The Bond Rally and Celebration\": the Courier's editorial on the 1945 Armistice Day rally.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-11-15/ed-1/?sp=8", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 15, 1945, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper editorial headed \"THE BOND RALLY AND CELEBRATION,\" praising the Victory Loan rally and Armistice Day parade held in Berryville.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 209,875,2032,2491 of the full-resolution page), 2032 by 2491 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1471 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1945-11-15-p8-the-victory-loan-rally.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-11-15", "end": "1945-11-15", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M547", "title": "Memorial Day, 1946, Clarke Courier, May 30, 1946", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S708", "illustrates_story": "armistice-memorial-day-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says,\" with the notice of the decoration of the soldiers' graves at Old Chapel: Memorial Day, 1946.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1946; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1946-05-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 30, 1946, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Starving World Challenges Us, Speaker Says,\" reporting the Memorial Day program at Green Hill Cemetery, with a second item headed \"Soldier Graves At Old Chapel To Be Decorated\".", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image (IIIF region 322,1736,1078,3580 of the full-resolution page) and shown at its own 1078 by 3580 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1946-05-30-p1-memorial-day-1946.jpg", "date": { "start": "1946-05-30", "end": "1946-05-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M548", "title": "The Berryville company, from the CCHA Proceedings, vol. XIV", "medium": "document", "creator": "Everard Kidder Meade; Clarke County Historical Association", "source_id": "S709", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Berryville Company\": Everard Kidder Meade's 1948 column on the Clarke Guards of 1859 and the Clarke Rifles at Port Republic, as the Clarke County Historical Association reprinted it in 1958.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Copyright 1958 by the Clarke County Historical Association; its renewal has not been checked, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134500/https://www.clarkehistory.org/media/CCHA%20Proceedings%20Volume%2014%20(1956-1957).pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, vol. XIV (1956-1957), p. 70. Wayback Machine copy of the Association's scan.", "alt": "A page of a printed book with the heading \"Berryville Company,\" a paragraph on the company organized in October 1859 as the Clarke Guards and later reorganized as the Clarke Rifles, and a paragraph on its picket duty at Port Republic in June 1862.", "changes": "Rendered from PDF page 81 of the scan at 1725 pixels wide, cropped to the article (1560 by 872 pixels) and scaled to 1200 by 671; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-berryville-company-from-the-ccha-proceedings-vol-xiv.jpg", "date": { "start": "1958", "end": "1958", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M549", "title": "The three Clarke companies of 1861, from the CCHA Proceedings, vol. XIV", "medium": "document", "creator": "Everard Kidder Meade; Clarke County Historical Association", "source_id": "S709", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Clarke Companies C.S.A.\": the column's list of the county's three companies of 1861, ending with the Clarke Rifles and its \"four survivors\" at Appomattox.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Copyright 1958 by the Clarke County Historical Association; its renewal has not been checked, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134500/https://www.clarkehistory.org/media/CCHA%20Proceedings%20Volume%2014%20(1956-1957).pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, vol. XIV (1956-1957), p. 72. Wayback Machine copy of the Association's scan.", "alt": "A page of a printed book headed \"Clarke Companies C.S.A.,\" listing three numbered companies: the Clarke Cavalry, the Nelson Rifles and the Clarke Rifles, each with its commanders and the number who surrendered at Appomattox.", "changes": "Rendered from PDF page 83 of the scan at 1725 pixels wide, cropped to the article (1560 by 1056 pixels) and scaled to 1200 by 812; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-three-clarke-companies-of-1861-from-the-ccha-proceedings-vol.jpg", "date": { "start": "1958", "end": "1958", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M550", "title": "The notice of John A. Blake, Clarke Courier, July 19, 1905", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S710", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier's reprint of John A. Blake's death notice, which says he was \"one of the party that captured John Brown.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1905, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-07-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 19, 1905, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long narrow newspaper column: the death notice of John A. Blake, born in Berryville, a teacher and later an insurance man at Clarksburg, saying he served in the Confederate army, was one of the party that captured John Brown and saw him hanged at Charles Town, and was buried at Green Hill Cemetery.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 986 by 3946 pixels, shown at its own 986 by 3946 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-john-a-blake-clarke-courier-july-19-1905.jpg", "date": { "start": "1905-07-19", "end": "1905-07-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M551", "title": "A comrade's letter on O'Bannon and Shepherd, Clarke Courier, August 23, 1905", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S711", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A comrade's letter, signed \"G.,\" on two men of the Clarke Rifles who died within days of each other in 1905: \"Jim\" O'Bannon and \"Kate\" Shepherd.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1905, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-08-23/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 23, 1905, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column beginning \"Mr. Editor:\" and mourning two men of \"The Clarke Rifles,\" Company I, 2nd Virginia Infantry: Jas. H. O'Bannon, who rose to captain, and Decatur J. Shepherd, wounded at Kernstown and disabled at Cedar Run; signed \"G.\" and dated August 21, 1905.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 994 by 5807 pixels, shown at its own 994 by 5807 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-comrade-s-letter-on-o-bannon-and-shepherd-clarke-courier-augus.jpg", "date": { "start": "1905-08-23", "end": "1905-08-23", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M552", "title": "A tribute to John R. Shipe, Clarke Courier, February 12, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S712", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Old Veteran Pays Tribute to Late John R. Shipe\": a Stuart Camp comrade's account, signed \"B.,\" which names Shipe and Abner Jones as the only men of Co. I at Lee's surrender.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-02-12/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 12, 1920, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column with a faded headline, \"Old Veteran Pays Tribute to Late John R. Shipe,\" describing his life as a Shenandoah boatman, his service in Co. I, 2nd Virginia, from Sharpsburg to Petersburg, his presence at Lee's surrender with Abner Jones, and his later work as a tollgate keeper; the tribute is signed with the initial B.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 708 by 3138 pixels, shown at its own 708 by 3138 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-tribute-to-john-r-shipe-clarke-courier-february-12-1920.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-02-12", "end": "1920-02-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M553", "title": "The notice of \"Uncle Bill\" Kelly, Clarke Courier, February 12, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S713", "illustrates_story": "clarke-rifles-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies\": the Courier calls him the second man of Co. I to die within a few weeks.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-02-12/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 12, 1920, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"'Uncle Bill' Kelly, One of Stonewall's Men, Dies,\" describing him as born near Paris in Clarke, once the owner of land now part of the Mt. Weather estate, a member of Co. I, Stonewall Brigade, and the second of that command to die within a few weeks, after John R. Shipe.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the notice alone: 724 by 2658 pixels, shown at its own 724 by 2658 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-uncle-bill-kelly-clarke-courier-february-12-1920.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-02-12", "end": "1920-02-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M554", "title": "The Baptist church's service flag, Clarke Courier, June 27, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S715", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag\": eight stars for eight men of the Berryville Baptist Church, June 1918.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-06-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 27, 1918, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Baptist Church Unfurls Service Flag,\" naming the eight men whose stars were on the flag and describing it carried up the aisle and received for the church by its pastor.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 725 by 1797 pixels, shown at its own 725 by 1797 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-baptist-church-s-service-flag-clarke-courier-june-27-1918.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-06-27", "end": "1918-06-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M555", "title": "The memorial service for Capt. Williams, Clarke Courier, July 25, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S716", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams\": more than four hundred people in Grace Church for \"the first son of Clarke county\" to die in the war.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 25, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "The opening of a newspaper report headed \"Pay Tribute to Capt. Williams,\" describing more than four hundred people gathered in Grace Episcopal Church for Capt. Lloyd W. Williams of the Marine Corps, who was baptized there.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 728 by 1708 pixels, shown at its own 728 by 1708 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-memorial-service-for-capt-williams-clarke-courier-july-25-19.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-07-25", "end": "1918-07-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M556", "title": "Capt. J. M. Robeson home from France, Clarke Courier, February 13, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S718", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A Boyce letter on Capt. J. M. Robeson, once rector at White Post, Millwood and Boyce, back from France as chaplain of the Second Division.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-02-13/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 13, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column datelined Boyce, February 12, on Capt. J. M. Robeson, chaplain of the Second Division, wounded in France, who preached three sermons in one Sunday at Christ Church, Calvary Chapel and Emanuel Chapel.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 728 by 1679 pixels, shown at its own 728 by 1679 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/capt-j-m-robeson-home-from-france-clarke-courier-february-13-191.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-02-13", "end": "1919-02-13", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M557", "title": "The tablet to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams, Clarke Courier, April 17, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S720", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Beautiful Memorial to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams Will be Placed in Grace Episcopal Church,\" with the inscription as the paper printed it.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-04-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 17, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A two-column newspaper item with a large headline about a copper memorial tablet to Maj. Lloyd W. Williams for Grace Episcopal Church, and on the right the inscription giving his birth in 1887 and his death at Belleau Wood in 1918.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 1359 by 1142 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1008; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-tablet-to-maj-lloyd-w-williams-clarke-courier-april-17-1919.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-04-17", "end": "1919-04-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M558", "title": "Mrs. Gilpin's altar for Christ Church, Clarke Courier, July 17, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S721", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Mrs. Gilpin Gives New Altar to Christ Church\": a thanksgiving offering after both her sons came home.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-17/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 17, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Mrs. Gilpin Gives New Altar to Christ Church,\" describing the altar and reredos given to Christ Church, Millwood, by Mrs. Henry Brooke Gilpin after her two sons served in France.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 736 by 1560 pixels, shown at its own 736 by 1560 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/mrs-gilpin-s-altar-for-christ-church-clarke-courier-july-17-1919.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-07-17", "end": "1919-07-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M559", "title": "\"Churches in War Time,\" Virginia Communities in War Time (1927), p. 27", "medium": "document", "creator": "Virginia War History Commission; Arthur Kyle Davis, editor", "source_id": "S714", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Virginia War History Commission's account of Clarke's churches in the war, with the names Cunningham Chapel Parish reported.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1927, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the HathiTrust page image.", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/clarke-war-time-1927/clarke-war-time-1927.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Virginia Communities in War Time, Second Series (Virginia War History Commission, 1927), p. 27. HathiTrust (wu.89072976269), digitized by Google from a University of Wisconsin copy.", "alt": "A printed book page under the heading \"Churches in War Time,\" on Grace Church and its rector, Cunningham Chapel Parish and the twenty-four men it named, and the Methodist church at Berryville.", "changes": "Cropped from the HathiTrust page image (seq. 39) to the \"Churches in War Time\" section (1693 by 1440 pixels) and scaled to 1200 by 1021; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/churches-in-war-time-virginia-communities-in-war-time-1927-p-27.jpg", "date": { "start": "1927", "end": "1927", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M560", "title": "The Methodist church furls its flags, Clarke Courier, March 11, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S722", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Special Flag Service at the Methodist Church\": a service to take the war flags down, with a sermon on \"The Patriotism of Peace.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-03-11/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 11, 1920, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper notice headed \"Special Flag Service at the Methodist Church,\" announcing the furling of the national and service flags hung at the outbreak of the World War and inviting ex-service men to attend.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 717 by 719 pixels, shown at its own 717 by 719 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-methodist-church-furls-its-flags-clarke-courier-march-11-192.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-03-11", "end": "1920-03-11", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M561", "title": "The Legion's wreath on the tablet, Clarke Courier, June 10, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S723", "illustrates_story": "churches-in-war-time-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Wreath Placed Over Tablet in Grace Church\": the Lloyd Williams Post honors the man it was named for.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-06-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 10, 1920, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Wreath Placed Over Tablet in Grace Church by Members of Lloyd William Post, American Legion,\" describing two members of the post hanging a wreath on the tablet after a sermon.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 712 by 975 pixels, shown at its own 712 by 975 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-legion-s-wreath-on-the-tablet-clarke-courier-june-10-1920.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-06-10", "end": "1920-06-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M562", "title": "The Clarke Cavalry survivors organize, Clarke Courier, September 4, 1884", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S725", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization\": the survivors of Co. D form their association under the trees at R. O. Allen's, and 32 answer the roll.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1884, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1884-09-04/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 4, 1884, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Clarke Cavalry—Its Re-organization,\" describing the survivors of Co. D meeting in front of Lieut. R. O. Allen's house, adopting a constitution, electing officers and calling a roll of 32.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 849 by 1150 pixels, shown at its own 849 by 1150 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-clarke-cavalry-survivors-organize-clarke-courier-september-4.jpg", "date": { "start": "1884-09-04", "end": "1884-09-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M563", "title": "The survivors' appeal for a monument, Clarke Courier, June 18, 1885", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S726", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The survivors' committee, A. Moore, Jr., chairman, asks the county's help with a monument to its dead.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1885, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1885-06-18/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 18, 1885, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column addressed to the citizens of Clarke County announcing the survivors' decision to erect a monument to the county's soldiers who died in the war, appealing for aid, and signed by A. Moore, Jr., chairman, with the committee's names.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 879 by 1638 pixels, shown at its own 879 by 1638 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-survivors-appeal-for-a-monument-clarke-courier-june-18-1885.jpg", "date": { "start": "1885-06-18", "end": "1885-06-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M564", "title": "Topper's reburial at Green Hill, Clarke Courier, June 25, 1885", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S727", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Reinterment of Topper's Remains\": the survivors bring a comrade home from Luray, twenty-one years after he fell.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1885, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1885-06-25/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 25, 1885, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column describing the remains of F. P. Topper of the Clarke Cavalry brought by train from near Luray, kept under guard at Grace Episcopal Church and carried in a large procession to Green Hill Cemetery.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 851 by 1855 pixels, shown at its own 851 by 1855 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/topper-s-reburial-at-green-hill-clarke-courier-june-25-1885.jpg", "date": { "start": "1885-06-25", "end": "1885-06-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M565", "title": "A guest on the reunions, Clarke Courier, August 20, 1891", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S731", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A guest at three reunions: once a year the war's hardships were \"almost forgotten in the pleasure of meeting around the festive board.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1891, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1891-08-20/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 20, 1891, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column from a letter about the Clarke Cavalry reunion, saying that time had left its mark on the old soldiers and that each year they met around the festive board and recounted deeds of valor.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 708 by 629 pixels, shown at its own 708 by 629 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-guest-on-the-reunions-clarke-courier-august-20-1891.jpg", "date": { "start": "1891-08-20", "end": "1891-08-20", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M566", "title": "Sixteen survivors, Clarke Courier, August 30, 1905", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S735", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Only sixteen of the survivors were present\": six had died since the year before.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1905, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1905-08-30/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 30, 1905, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short passage of a newspaper report saying that only sixteen of the survivors were present at the reunion and that six members had died since the previous meeting a year before.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 985 by 462 pixels, shown at its own 985 by 462 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/sixteen-survivors-clarke-courier-august-30-1905.jpg", "date": { "start": "1905-08-30", "end": "1905-08-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M567", "title": "Four answer the roll, Clarke Courier, September 5, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S736", "illustrates_story": "clarke-cavalry-survivors-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The 34th reunion, August 1918: four members answer the roll.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-09-05/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 5, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short passage of a newspaper report listing the four members who answered the roll at the Clarke Cavalry reunion of 1918: J. S. Ware, Nicholas Moore, Jos. N. Wheat and A. Moore, Jr.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 723 by 351 pixels, shown at its own 723 by 351 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/four-answer-the-roll-clarke-courier-september-5-1918.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-09-05", "end": "1918-09-05", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M568", "title": "The notice of J. L. E. Van Meter, Clarke Courier, August 19, 1920", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S737", "illustrates_story": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies\": his release from a Northern prison \"Given Him as Reward For His Wife's Nursing and Kindness to Wounded Union Soldier.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1920, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1920-08-19/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 19, 1920, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"J. L. E. Van Meter, Aged Farmer, Dies,\" telling how he was captured and held at Fort Delaware, and how his wife nursed a wounded Union soldier named Bedell, which won his release.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 712 by 3150 pixels, shown at its own 712 by 3150 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-j-l-e-van-meter-clarke-courier-august-19-1920.jpg", "date": { "start": "1920-08-19", "end": "1920-08-19", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M569", "title": "Rutherford at Elmira, Clarke Courier, March 1, 1923", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "source_id": "S379", "illustrates_story": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "From the tribute to John C. Rutherford: captured at Cold Harbor and held at Elmira, where he traded the whiskey ration for bread and meat.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-03-01/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 1, 1923, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column telling how John C. Rutherford was captured at Cold Harbor and held at Elmira, New York, bunked with a smallpox patient, held his washing while it dried, and traded his whiskey ration for bread and meat.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 731 by 1514 pixels, shown at its own 731 by 1514 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/rutherford-at-elmira-clarke-courier-march-1-1923.jpg", "date": { "start": "1923-03-01", "end": "1923-03-01", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M570", "title": "A comrade on A. J. Berlin, Clarke Courier, February 27, 1907", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S738", "illustrates_story": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A comrade's letter on A. J. Berlin of White Post, taken prisoner at the Bloody Angle and held at Elmira.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1907, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1907-02-27/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 27, 1907, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper letter beginning \"Dear Courier,\" mourning A. J. Berlin of White Post, a member of the Nelson Rifles, taken prisoner at the Bloody Angle at Spotsylvania and held at Elmira; the letter is signed \"A Comrade\" and nothing more.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 1007 by 2203 pixels, shown at its own 1007 by 2203 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/a-comrade-on-a-j-berlin-clarke-courier-february-27-1907.jpg", "date": { "start": "1907-02-27", "end": "1907-02-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M571", "title": "The notice of Thomas Wyndham, Clarke Courier, June 9, 1921", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "source_id": "S304", "illustrates_story": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Another Brave Old Confederate Passes Away\": Thomas Wyndham, fifteen when the war began, twice captured.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-06-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 9, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Another Brave Old Confederate Passes Away,\" on Thomas Wyndham of the Clarke Cavalry, born in Clarke, who enlisted though only fifteen and died at Brazil, Indiana.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 704 by 1700 pixels, shown at its own 704 by 1700 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-thomas-wyndham-clarke-courier-june-9-1921.jpg", "date": { "start": "1921-06-09", "end": "1921-06-09", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M572", "title": "John O. Crown's prison pamphlet, Clarke Courier, October 10, 1900", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S742", "illustrates_story": "clarke-prisoners-of-war-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A correspondent on \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison,\" by the Courier's late editor, John O. Crown, once a prisoner at Point Lookout.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1900, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1900-10-10/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 10, 1900, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A passage of a newspaper letter praising a pamphlet titled \"A Chapter of Prison Life in a Northern Prison\" by the late John O. Crown, editor of the Clarke Courier, dedicated to the J. E. B. Stuart Camp; it says he was a prisoner at Point Lookout.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item, then cropped again to the opening of the report: 1099 by 1110 pixels, shown at its own 1099 by 1110 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. 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Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-12-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 26, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Two Lloyd Brothers Wounded,\" reporting that Privates Thomas Griffith Lloyd and Charles Lemly Lloyd had been wounded in France, with a letter from Thomas to his brother.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 713 by 1138 pixels, shown at its own 713 by 1138 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/two-lloyd-brothers-wounded-clarke-courier-december-26-1918.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-12-26", "end": "1918-12-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M574", "title": "Tom Griffith Lloyd not killed, Clarke Courier, January 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S744", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-brothers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Tom Griffith Lloyd not Killed,\" with the Courier's tribute to a father who sent five of his seven sons to France.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-01-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 9, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item headed \"Tom Griffith Lloyd not Killed,\" denying a report of his death and saying that five of the seven sons of James S. Lloyd joined the army and went to France.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 723 by 862 pixels, shown at its own 723 by 862 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/tom-griffith-lloyd-not-killed-clarke-courier-january-1919.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-01-09", "end": "1919-01-09", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M575", "title": "The Lloyd brothers' wounds, Clarke Courier, August 14, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S746", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-brothers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Charles wounded three times, Thomas lamed for life, Howard shot through the foot: the Courier on the brothers' wounds.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-08-14/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 14, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column describing the wounds of the Lloyd brothers: Charles Lemly Lloyd wounded three times, Thomas Griffith Lloyd lamed for life by shrapnel, and Howard Lloyd shot through the foot and shell-shocked.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 715 by 1084 pixels, shown at its own 715 by 1084 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. 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Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-11-27/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 27, 1919, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column reporting that Charles Lemly Lloyd, the last of the five soldier sons of J. W. Lloyd, had come home from Walter Reed Hospital, and telling how he was gassed in the Argonne Forest.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 714 by 1314 pixels, shown at its own 714 by 1314 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/charles-lemly-lloyd-home-clarke-courier-november-27-1919.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-11-27", "end": "1919-11-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M577", "title": "Linton Earl Lloyd drowned, Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier", "source_id": "S363", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-brothers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"World War Veteran Drowned\": Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest of the five brothers, in 1922.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-02-09/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 9, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column reporting that Private Linton Earl Lloyd, the youngest of the five Lloyd brothers who went to France, drowned in a small reservoir near his father's home, and that the five brothers were members of the Lloyd Williams Post.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 743 by 1735 pixels, shown at its own 743 by 1735 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/linton-earl-lloyd-drowned-clarke-courier-february-9-1922.jpg", "date": { "start": "1922-02-09", "end": "1922-02-09", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M578", "title": "Death of Isaac Bonham, Clarke Courier, September 6, 1883", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S748", "illustrates_story": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Courier reprints the Vicksburg Herald: Isaac Bonham, who \"went out at the age of 16 with the first volunteers.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1883, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1883-09-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 6, 1883, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper column headed \"Death of Mr. Isaac Bonham,\" reprinted from the Vicksburg Herald, telling how he was shot as a peacemaker and that he went to war at sixteen in the Clarke Cavalry.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 851 by 2935 pixels, shown at its own 851 by 2935 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/death-of-isaac-bonham-clarke-courier-september-6-1883.jpg", "date": { "start": "1883-09-06", "end": "1883-09-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M579", "title": "Death of Burwell McGuire, Clarke Courier, January 24, 1912", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S750", "illustrates_story": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Only a youth in his 'teens\": the Courier on Burwell McGuire of the Clarke Cavalry, 1912.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1912, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1912-01-24/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 24, 1912, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Death of Burwell McGuire,\" saying he served in the Clarke Cavalry when only a youth in his teens, with his funeral and pallbearers.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 721 by 2340 pixels, shown at its own 721 by 2340 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/death-of-burwell-mcguire-clarke-courier-january-24-1912.jpg", "date": { "start": "1912-01-24", "end": "1912-01-24", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M580", "title": "Death of Charles T. Jones, Clarke Courier, February 14, 1894", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S749", "illustrates_story": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"A lad of but 17 years\": Charles T. Jones of Long Marsh, who went into the army in 1864.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1894, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1894-02-14/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 14, 1894, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Death of Chas. T. Jones,\" saying he entered the Confederate army in 1864 at seventeen, was wounded, and later served on the board of supervisors.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 788 by 1736 pixels, shown at its own 788 by 1736 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/death-of-charles-t-jones-clarke-courier-february-14-1894.jpg", "date": { "start": "1894-02-14", "end": "1894-02-14", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M581", "title": "W. W. Bowles laid to rest, Clarke Courier, September 25, 1924", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S752", "illustrates_story": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest\": a lad of sixteen in the last year of the war, a landowner at Glenvin sixty years later.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1924, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-09-25/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 25, 1924, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"W. W. Bowles Laid to Rest,\" describing his sudden death at Glenvin near Millwood and saying he joined the Confederate army at sixteen in the last year of the war.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 884 by 3146 pixels, shown at its own 884 by 3146 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/w-w-bowles-laid-to-rest-clarke-courier-september-25-1924.jpg", "date": { "start": "1924-09-25", "end": "1924-09-25", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M582", "title": "William E. Reed laid to rest, Clarke Courier, April 10, 1924", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S751", "illustrates_story": "boys-in-the-ranks-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Scarcely more than a boy\": William E. Reed of the Laurel Brigade, buried with his badge of honor and his Sunday school medal.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1924, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1924-04-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 10, 1924, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Wm. E. Reed Laid to Rest,\" saying he entered the 12th Virginia Cavalry as scarcely more than a boy and asked to be buried with his badge of honor and a Sunday school medal.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the region of this item: 850 by 2362 pixels, shown at its own 850 by 2362 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/william-e-reed-laid-to-rest-clarke-courier-april-10-1924.jpg", "date": { "start": "1924-04-10", "end": "1924-04-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M583", "title": "Compiled service record, Edmond Pendleton, image 2 of 15: muster-roll card, Nov and Dec 1862", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S753", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A company muster-roll card for Edmond Pendleton, first sergeant, Co. C, 17th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, for November and December 1862: enlisted September 20, 1862, at Clarke, by Capt. Harper, for the war; present; furnished his own horse.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S753", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 113, image 2 of 15, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card headed Confederate, 11 Cav., Va., filled in by hand: Edmond Pendleton, 1st Sergeant, Co. C, 17th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for November and December 1862, enlisted September 20, 1862, at Clarke, by Capt. Harper, for the war, present, furnished his own horse, with a printed note on the battalion becoming the 11th Regiment Virginia Cavalry.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 2 of the saved 15-page file (sha256 ae0f0472feb52de2...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll113-pendleton-edmond-image02-muster-roll-1862.jpg", "segment_id": "G1829", "original_sha256": "ae0f0472feb52de2d73dd4b099fc0faea4f73d77c21bdf2984c77d9a8dd66e8f", "transcription": "Edmond Pendleton, 1[st?] Sergt, Co. C, 17 Batt’n Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov & Dec, 1862. Enlisted: When Sept 20, 1862. Where Clarke C. By whom Capt Harper. Period War. Last paid: By whom Maj Seld[o?]n. To what time Oct 31, 1862. Present or absent: Present. Remarks: Furnished his own horse.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/11168865/", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1862-12", "end": "1862-12", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M584", "title": "Compiled service record, Edmond Pendleton, image 6 of 15: inspection-report card, October 1864", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S753", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "An inspection-report card of Rosser’s Brigade, October 1864, that lists Lieut. Ed. Pendelton, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, among the absent officers, accounted for as wounded, May 5, 1864.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls and reports, not the original rolls. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S753", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 113, image 6 of 15, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card headed Confederate, 11 Cav., Va., filled in by hand: Ed. Pendelton, Lieutenant, Co. C, 11th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on an inspection report of Rosser’s Brigade dated at Forestville in October 1864, absent commissioned officers accounted for, by what authority: wounded, date May 5, 1864.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 6 of the saved 15-page file (sha256 ae0f0472feb52de2...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll113-pendleton-edmond-image06-inspection-report-1864.jpg", "segment_id": "G1830", "original_sha256": "ae0f0472feb52de2d73dd4b099fc0faea4f73d77c21bdf2984c77d9a8dd66e8f", "transcription": "Ed. Pendelton [sic], Lieut Co. C 11 Regt Va Cavly. Appears on an Inspection Report of Rosser’s Brigade, Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Col. O. R. Funsten. Report dated Fore[s]tville, Oct [2?]5, 1864. Absent commissioned officers accounted for: By what authority: Wounded. Date May 5, 1864. Inspection Report J, No. 39; inclosure 8.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/11168871/", "people": [ "edmund-pendleton-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1864-10", "end": "1864-10", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M585", "title": "Compiled service record, William Moore, image 3 of 18: muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S754", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S754", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 3 of 18, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: William Moore, private, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for November and December 1861, enlisted May 15 at Harpers Ferry by Capt. Hardesty for one year, present.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 3 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll69-moore-william-image03-muster-roll-1861.jpg", "segment_id": "G1831", "original_sha256": "dc3167fa005775c8959e1974f438f7ed982988146552c2ab70457aefcc1befd9", "transcription": "William Moore, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Nov. & Dec, 1861. Enlisted: When May 15, 186[ ]. Where Harpers Ferry. By whom Capt Hardesty. Period 1 year. Last paid: By whom Capt Carter. To what time Nov 1, 1861. Present or absent: Present.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7224382/", "people": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1861-12", "end": "1861-12", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M586", "title": "Compiled service record, William Moore, image 18 of 18: claim for a horse shot in action, 1863", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S754", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Claim for a horse shot in action, 1863, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S754", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 18 of 18, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped Confederate quartermaster voucher in a National Archives service record: an account of $375 for one horse of William Moore, sergeant, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, shot in action near Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, with the appraisers’ certificate and a receipt of September 19, 1863, signed W. Moore.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 18 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll69-moore-william-image18-horse-claim-1863.jpg", "segment_id": "G1832", "original_sha256": "dc3167fa005775c8959e1974f438f7ed982988146552c2ab70457aefcc1befd9", "transcription": "Confederate States Dr. 1863 To William Moore June 9 To 1 horse shot in action $375.00 I certify that the above account is just and correct and that the horse of William Moore Sgt Co (D) 6th Va Cavy was shot in the action of June 9th 1863 near Brandy Station, and that said horse was appraised at Three hundred and seventy five Dollars. by a board of Appraisers appointed by the Commandant of the Regiment [D. or L.] T. Richard[s]. Capt Comd'g Co [...] Received 6th Regt Va Cavly Sept 19 1863 of Capt Robt Carter A.Q.M. 6th Va Cavy the sum of Three hundred and Seventy five Dollars in full of above account. W. Moore", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7224412/", "people": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1863-09", "end": "1863-09", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M587", "title": "Compiled service record, William Moore, image 13 of 18: parole card, April 1865", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S754", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Parole card, April 1865, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S754", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 13 of 18, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: W. J. Moore, private, Co. K, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on a list of prisoners of war paroled in April 1865, paroled April 20 at Millwood, Va.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 13 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll69-moore-william-image13-parole-1865.jpg", "segment_id": "G1833", "original_sha256": "dc3167fa005775c8959e1974f438f7ed982988146552c2ab70457aefcc1befd9", "transcription": "W. J. Moore, Pvt Co. K, 6 Regt Va. Cav. Appears on a List of prisoners of war paroled April 19 and 20, 1865, at various places in Virginia and West Virginia. List dated Not dated, 186 . Date Apl. 20, 186[5]. By whom given [Wm. Russell Jr. A.A.G. Maj]. Where given Millwood Va.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7224401/", "people": [ "william-b-moore-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1865-04", "end": "1865-04", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M588", "title": "Compiled service record, Robert O. Allen, image 2 of 34: muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S755", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861, from the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S755", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 62, image 2 of 34, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: Robert O. Allen, private, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for September and October 1861, enlisted July 21 at Manassas by Capt. Nelson for one year, present.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 2 of the saved file (sha256 7c239dbeee9b4345...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll62-allen-robert-owen-image02-muster-roll-1861.jpg", "segment_id": "G1834", "original_sha256": "7c239dbeee9b4345c19385c857123691f70272478634ba966e142bf317996820", "transcription": "Robert O. Allen, Pvt, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Sept & Oct, 1861. Enlisted: When July 21, 186[ ]. Where Manassas. By whom Capt Nelson. Period 1 year. Last paid: By whom Paydue from Enlistment. Present or absent: Present.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7947450/", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1861-10", "end": "1861-10", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M589", "title": "Compiled service record, Robert O. Allen, image 11 of 34: muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S755", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864, from the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S755", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 62, image 11 of 34, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for September and October 1864, absent, sick, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 11 of the saved file (sha256 7c239dbeee9b4345...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll62-allen-robert-owen-image11-muster-roll-1864.jpg", "segment_id": "G1835", "original_sha256": "7c239dbeee9b4345c19385c857123691f70272478634ba966e142bf317996820", "transcription": "R. O. Allen, 2 Lieut, Co. D, 6 Reg't Virginia Cavalry. Appears on Company Muster Roll of the organization named above, for Sept & Oct, 1864. Present or absent: Absent. Remarks: Absent sick wounded in action June 9, 1863 Brandy Station.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7947463/", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1864-10", "end": "1864-10", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M590", "title": "Compiled service record, Robert O. Allen, image 16 of 34: register card of the Invalid Corps, November 1864", "medium": "document", "creator": "U.S. War Department; National Archives (NARA)", "source_id": "S755", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Register card of the Invalid Corps, November 1864, from the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "One card from the file. The cards are the War Department’s later copies of muster rolls, reports and registers, not the original records. The writing is by hand and some figures are faint.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/evidence/#src-S755", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 62, image 16 of 34, via Fold3.", "alt": "A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on a register of the Invalid Corps, retired November 15, 1864, at Richmond, assigned to Maj. Gen. Kemper.", "changes": "Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 16 of the saved file (sha256 7c239dbeee9b4345...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/nara-m324-roll62-allen-robert-owen-image16-invalid-corps-1864.jpg", "segment_id": "G1836", "original_sha256": "7c239dbeee9b4345c19385c857123691f70272478634ba966e142bf317996820", "transcription": "R. O. Allen, 2 Lt Co D. 6 Regt Cavy Va. Appears on a Register of the Invalid Corps, P. A. C. S. Date of retirement Nov 15, 1864. Military station Richmond. When assigned to duty S.O. 279 Nov. 24, 1864. Where assigned To Maj. Gen[l]. Kemper. Remarks: A 105. Confed. Arch., Chap. 1, File No. 192, page 10.", "source_url": "https://www.fold3.com/image/7947471/", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "image_size": { "width": 1836, "height": 2376 }, "date": { "start": "1864-11", "end": "1864-11", "precision": "month" } }, { "id": "M591", "title": "Gold 1914, unnumbered plate between pp. 268 and 269: portrait of R. O. Allen", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold (book); the photographer is not named", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": "brandy-station-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "R. O. Allen, lieutenant, Clarke Cavalry (Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry), in the portrait plate of Gold’s 1914 history.", "context_disclosure": "A plate printed in the book; the book does not say when or by whom the photograph was taken.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), unnumbered plate between pp. 268 and 269.", "alt": "A full-length photograph of R. O. Allen, a heavy-set bearded man in a slouch hat and a buttoned coat, standing with one hand on the back of a chair before a painted backdrop, with the printed caption R. O. Allen, Lieutenant, Clarke Cavalry, Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry, and a paragraph on his brothers.", "changes": "Cropped to the plate and its caption (box 80,150 1220x2020 pixels) from a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 299 of the hosted copy; re-encoded as JPEG. Not retouched or enhanced.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-plate-r-o-allen-portrait.jpg", "segment_id": "G1840", "original_sha256": "1c20997302809a4dac076fd65a6b7dda4dfa44725c05ff263d960ee4834a233f", "transcription": "R. O. ALLEN LIEUTENANT, \"CLARKE CAVALRY\" (COMPANY D, SIXTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY) He was the eldest of three brothers who served in the Confederate Army, two of whom lost their lives in the service (David H., who was mortally wounded at the First Battle of Manassas, and A. S., at Chancellorsville.) These young men were of patriotic and fighting stock, as their paternal great-grandfather fought in the Revolutionary War and was presented a sword by the House of Burgesses of Virginia.", "source_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf#page=299", "people": [ "robert-o-allen-civil-war" ], "crop_box": { "x": 80, "y": 150, "width": 1220, "height": 2020 }, "image_size": { "width": 1220, "height": 2020 }, "citation_page": { "pdf_page": 299 }, "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M592", "title": "Gold 1914, p. 269: Allen’s last shot, and Nicholas Moore wounded", "medium": "document", "creator": "Thomas D. Gold", "source_id": "S39", "illustrates_story": "brandy-station-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Gold’s account goes on: Allen’s last shot, and Nicholas Moore of the Clarke Cavalry wounded beside him.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one printed page; the rest of the page and the book is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources).", "rights_url": "https://ourclarke.com/books-and-sources/gold-1914/gold-1914-history-of-clarke-county.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 269.", "alt": "A cropped printed page headed History of Clarke County, page 269: the paragraph telling how Allen threw himself on the side of his horse, fired his remaining shot so that Davis fell dead, and how Nicholas Moore of the Clarke Cavalry was severely wounded and brought off the field.", "changes": "Cropped to the running head and the first paragraph (box 0,170 1367x725 pixels) from a 300 dpi render of PDF p. 301 of the hosted copy; re-encoded as JPEG. Not retouched or enhanced.", "display_path": "/assets/media/gold-1914-p269-allen-davis-nicholas-moore.jpg", "date": { "start": "1914", "end": "1914", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M593", "title": "\"Local Boy Now in France\": the photograph of Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, Clarke Courier, July 4, 1917", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Marine Corps Publicity Bureau (photograph); printed in the Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S756", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "July 1917: the Courier's photograph of Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, gone overseas with the first contingent of Marines.", "context_disclosure": "A photograph printed in the newspaper; the paper credits it to the Marine Corps Publicity Bureau and does not say when it was taken.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1917, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-07-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 4, 1917, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper photograph headed Local Boy Now in France: a young officer in profile, in a dark dress uniform with a high collar, shoulder boards and buttons, with the caption Capt. Lloyd W. Williams, photo from Marine Corps Publicity Bureau.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline, photograph and caption of this item: 1279 by 2095 pixels, shown at its own 1279 by 2095 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1917-07-04-p1-capt-lloyd-w-williams-portrait.jpg", "segment_id": "G1842", "transcription": "Local Boy Now in France [...] CAPT. LLOYD W. WILLIAMS Photo from Marine Corps Publicity Bureau", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1917-07-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "lloyd-w-williams" ], "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1917-07-04", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1917-07-04", "end": "1917-07-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M594", "title": "\"Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France,\" Clarke Courier, July 4, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S758", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "July 1918: the War Department's telegram, \"died from wounds received in action on June 11.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-04/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 4, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed Gallant Lloyd Williams Killed in France, First Clarke Boy to Give His Life, opening with the telegram to his wife and parents that he had died from wounds received in action on June 11.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline and the opening of this item: 1360 by 834 pixels, shown at its own 1360 by 834 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1918-07-04-p1-lloyd-williams-killed-in-france.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-07-04", "end": "1918-07-04", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M595", "title": "\"Memorial Services at Grace Church,\" Clarke Courier, July 18, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S759", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Two weeks later the notice of his memorial service gives another date: \"wounds received in France on June 17.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-07-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 18, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper notice headed Memorial Services at Grace Church, announcing services on Sunday, July 21, at 4 p.m. for Capt. Lloyd Williams, U.S.M.C., who died of wounds received in France on June 17.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this notice: 671 by 473 pixels, shown at its own 671 by 473 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1918-07-18-p1-memorial-services-capt-williams.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-07-18", "end": "1918-07-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M596", "title": "\"Details of Capt. Williams' Death\": the dressing station at Lucy, Clarke Courier, November 28, 1918", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S760", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1918: wounded on June 11 and mortally wounded by a shell in the dressing station at Lucy, and a Red Cross letter that has him buried at La Ferte by Chaplain Father Brady.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1918, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1918-11-28/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 28, 1918, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A column of newspaper text telling how on June 11 his company attacked two machine gun nests, how he was wounded in the left arm and shoulder and carried to the dressing station at Lucy, and quoting a Red Cross letter on his burial.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to two paragraphs of this item, from \"On June 11th\" to the end of the Red Cross letter's first sentences: 669 by 1517 pixels, shown at its own 669 by 1517 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1918-11-28-p1-capt-williams-dressing-station-lucy.jpg", "date": { "start": "1918-11-28", "end": "1918-11-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M597", "title": "\"Army Chaplain Tells of Capt. Williams' Heroism,\" Clarke Courier, September 18, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S761", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "September 1919: Father John J. Brady writes to the widow that he did not bury Captain Williams.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-09-18/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 18, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A long newspaper item headed Army Chaplain Tells of Capt. Williams' Heroism, printing a letter of August 14, 1919 from Father John J. Brady, Chaplain, U.S.N., to Mrs. Williams about the day her husband was wounded.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this item: 687 by 3192 pixels, shown at its own 687 by 3192 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-09-18-p1-chaplain-brady-letter.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-09-18", "end": "1919-09-18", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M598", "title": "\"Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence,\" Clarke Courier, July 10, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S689", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "July 1919: \"Retreat, Hell No!\" credited to the Berryville officer, \"and not by Gen. Bundy as Has Been Generally Supposed.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-07-10/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 10, 1919, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper headline, Major Lloyd Williams Uttered Historic Sentence Which Became American Battle-Cry in France, with a deck saying the words Retreat, Hell No! were his and not General Bundy's.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline and deck of this item: 1364 by 428 pixels, shown at its own 1364 by 428 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-07-10-p1-williams-historic-sentence-headline.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-07-10", "end": "1919-07-10", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M599", "title": "\"Another Version of Maj. Williams' Famous Saying,\" Clarke Courier, November 6, 1919", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S690", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1919: the Bundy story \"was not true. But it was not sheer invention.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1919, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1919-11-06/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 6, 1919, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A paragraph of newspaper text on the legend of General Bundy's reply, Retreat hell, I just got here, saying it was not true but not sheer invention, and that Captain Williams told a French officer to go to hell.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to one paragraph of this item, quoting Alexander Woollcott: 667 by 797 pixels, shown at its own 667 by 797 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1919-11-06-p3-williams-famous-saying-legend.jpg", "date": { "start": "1919-11-06", "end": "1919-11-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M600", "title": "\"1000 Home People Honor Maj. Williams,\" Clarke Courier, July 21, 1921", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S357", "illustrates_story": "lloyd-w-williams-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "July 1921: buried \"on a beautiful slope of Green Hill Cemetery, under the everlasting shadow of the Blue Ridge.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1921, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1921-07-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 21, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed 1000 Home People Honor Maj. Williams, with a verse of Kipling and the report that on Thursday last Major Lloyd W. Williams was laid to rest on a slope of Green Hill Cemetery.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline, verse and first paragraph of this item: 684 by 1270 pixels, shown at its own 684 by 1270 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1921-07-21-p1-maj-williams-green-hill.jpg", "date": { "start": "1921-07-21", "end": "1921-07-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M601", "title": "\"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action\": the photograph of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, Clarke Courier, August 31, 1944", "medium": "photograph", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.; the photographer is not named", "source_id": "S765", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "August 1944: the Courier's photograph of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, reported killed \"presumably in action in France.\"", "context_disclosure": "A photograph printed in the newspaper without a caption, inside the report of his death; the paper does not say when or by whom it was taken.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-08-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action, with its opening lines and a photograph of a young soldier in uniform, smiling, his hair brushed back.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline, opening and photograph of this item: 943 by 2591 pixels, shown at its own 943 by 2591 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1944-08-31-p1-pvt-fred-h-shackleford-portrait.jpg", "segment_id": "G1873", "transcription": "Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action [...] The death of Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, son of Mrs. Melvin Shackleford and the late Mr. Shackleford, presumably in action in France, was reported on Sunday by the War Department who wired the soldier's mother.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-08-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "fred-h-shackleford" ], "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1944-08-31", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1944-08-31", "end": "1944-08-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M602", "title": "\"Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action,\" Clarke Courier, August 31, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S765", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"If Pvt. Shackleford was killed in action,\" the paper wrote, it was the first such casualty of any Clarke County soldier.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-08-31/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed Pvt. Shackleford Reported Killed In French Action, with his photograph, saying the wire did not state he was killed in action and that if he was, his was the county's first such casualty.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this item on page 1, to the line \"Continued on Page Twenty\": 943 by 3713 pixels, shown at its own 943 by 3713 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1944-08-31-p1-shackleford-reported-killed.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-08-31", "end": "1944-08-31", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M603", "title": "\"Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot,\" Clarke Courier, September 7, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S767", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A week later, from a second wire: \"accidentally shot.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-09-07/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 7, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed Pvt. Fred Shackleford Accidently Shot, reporting that a wire to his mother said he was accidentally shot, and that he had gone in with the National Guard in February 1941 at the age of 16.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this item: 931 by 1117 pixels, shown at its own 931 by 1117 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1944-09-07-p1-shackleford-accidently-shot.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-09-07", "end": "1944-09-07", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M604", "title": "\"Pvt. Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds,\" Clarke Courier, November 16, 1944", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S635", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "November 1944: a captured German sub-machine gun, held by a companion, \"discharged accidentally.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1944; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1944-11-16/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 16, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item headed Pvt. Shackleford Dies Of 18 Bullet Wounds, reporting that a captured German sub-machine gun held by a companion was discharged accidentally while his unit examined it.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this item: 925 by 1179 pixels, shown at its own 925 by 1179 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1944-11-16-p1-shackleford-18-bullet-wounds.jpg", "date": { "start": "1944-11-16", "end": "1944-11-16", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M605", "title": "\"One Year Ago,\" Clarke Courier, August 30, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S768", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "August 1945, a year on: \"killed in action in France.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-08-30/ed-1/?sp=10", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 30, 1945, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper column headed One Year Ago, with three notes: the labor camp at the Riverside Rendezvous, Pvt. Fred Shackleford killed in action in France, and plans to celebrate V-E Day.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this column: 928 by 500 pixels, shown at its own 928 by 500 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1945-08-30-p10-one-year-ago-shackleford.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-08-30", "end": "1945-08-30", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M606", "title": "\"One Year Ago,\" Clarke Courier, September 6, 1945", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S769", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The next week's column: \"accidentally killed in France while examining a captured German gun.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1945; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1945-09-06/ed-1/?sp=11", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 6, 1945, page 11. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper column headed One Year Ago, with two notes: Lt. Laurence Castleman recovering from a bullet wound, and Pvt. Fred Shackleford accidentally killed while examining a captured German gun.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to this column: 934 by 432 pixels, shown at its own 934 by 432 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1945-09-06-p11-one-year-ago-shackleford.jpg", "date": { "start": "1945-09-06", "end": "1945-09-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M607", "title": "The War Department list, \"Died (Non-battle),\" Clarke Courier, June 27, 1946", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S771", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "June 1946: the War Department's list counts him under \"Died (Non-battle).\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1946; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1946-06-27/ed-1/?sp=16", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 27, 1946, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper list headed Died (Non-battle), 11, naming eleven Clarke County servicemen, among them Pvt. Fred H. Shackleford, above the next heading, Died of Wounds, 2.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the \"Died (Non-battle)\" part of the list: 921 by 725 pixels, shown at its own 921 by 725 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1946-06-27-p16-died-non-battle.jpg", "date": { "start": "1946-06-27", "end": "1946-06-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M608", "title": "\"Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred,\" Clarke Courier, October 21, 1948", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S773", "illustrates_story": "fred-shackleford-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "October 1948: his body comes home; \"accidentally shot while examining captured machine guns.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Published in 1948; no registration or renewal of a copyright in the Clarke Courier was found, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown under the site owner's decision of October 12, 2026 to publish Clarke Courier page images of 1931 to 1963. No license from a rights holder is recorded.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1948-10-21/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 21, 1948, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A front-page newspaper item headed Pvt. Fred Shackleford To Be Re-Interred, announcing funeral services in Berryville and saying he was killed August 10, 1944, south of St. Lo, accidentally shot while examining captured machine guns.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image to the headline and first two paragraphs of this item: 932 by 1113 pixels, shown at its own 932 by 1113 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1948-10-21-p1-shackleford-re-interred.jpg", "date": { "start": "1948-10-21", "end": "1948-10-21", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M609", "title": "The notice of Samuel Ritter, Clarke Courier, September 27, 1899", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S775", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Samuel Ritter \"was seriously wounded at the first battle of Manassas. He never fully recovered from the wound.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1899, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1899-09-27/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 27, 1899, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A short newspaper item reporting the death of Samuel Ritter at 84, who served in Captain William M. Nelson's Clarke county Infantry and was seriously wounded at the first battle of Manassas.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the item on Samuel Ritter: 648 by 436 pixels, shown at its own 648 by 436 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-samuel-ritter-clarke-courier-september-27-1899.jpg", "date": { "start": "1899-09-27", "end": "1899-09-27", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M610", "title": "The notice of Thomas S. Chamblin, Clarke Courier, May 6, 1914", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S778", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin\": born in Green Valley, Loudoun County, he went into the army in Company H, First Virginia Cavalry.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1914, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1914-05-06/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 6, 1914, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed \"Mr. Thomas S. Chamblin,\" reporting his death at \"The Highlands\" near White Post and his enlistment in Company H, First Virginia Cavalry, in May 1861.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the opening of the notice of Thomas S. Chamblin: 427 by 1114 pixels, shown at its own 427 by 1114 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-thomas-s-chamblin-clarke-courier-may-6-1914.jpg", "date": { "start": "1914-05-06", "end": "1914-05-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M611", "title": "The notice of Thomas S. Chamblin, continued, Clarke Courier, May 6, 1914", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S778", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Chamblin \"was wounded in the arm during an engagement on July 21, 1861, and was always partly crippled.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1914, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1914-05-06/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 6, 1914, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper paragraph saying that Mr. Chamblin was wounded in the arm on July 21, 1861, was always partly crippled, and was paroled in Winchester on April 29, 1865.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the paragraph of the Chamblin notice on his wound and parole: 414 by 202 pixels, shown at its own 414 by 202 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-thomas-s-chamblin-continued-clarke-courier-may-6-1914.jpg", "date": { "start": "1914-05-06", "end": "1914-05-06", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M612", "title": "The notice of John P. Yowell, Clarke Courier, July 17, 1901", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S776", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "John P. Yowell, of Company E, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, \"was severely wounded at the battle of Kernstown.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1901, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1901-07-17/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 17, 1901, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper item reporting the death of John P. Yowell near Boyce at 65, who suffered from wounds received in battle and was severely wounded at the battle of Kernstown.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the item on John P. Yowell: 643 by 900 pixels, shown at its own 643 by 900 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-john-p-yowell-clarke-courier-july-17-1901.jpg", "date": { "start": "1901-07-17", "end": "1901-07-17", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M613", "title": "The notice of Thomas J. Russell, Clarke Courier, May 28, 1902", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S777", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Thomas J. Russell \"had been a sufferer for years, the result of a wound received during the Civil war, at the battle of Brandy Station.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1902, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1902-05-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 28, 1902, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper notice of the death of Thomas J. Russell, a farmer three miles west of Berryville, who suffered for years from a wound received at the battle of Brandy Station.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the notice of Thomas J. Russell: 597 by 632 pixels, shown at its own 597 by 632 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-thomas-j-russell-clarke-courier-may-28-1902.jpg", "date": { "start": "1902-05-28", "end": "1902-05-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M614", "title": "The notice of Thomas H. Shearer, Clarke Courier, June 28, 1899", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S774", "illustrates_story": "clarke-wounded-soldiers-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "\"Death of T. H. Shearer\": a Millwood merchant who \"was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one page; the rest of the page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1899, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image.", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1899-06-28/ed-1/?sp=3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 28, 1899, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A newspaper notice headed \"Death of T. H. Shearer,\" a Millwood merchant who served in the Nelson Rifles of the Stonewall Brigade and was severely wounded at Gettysburg.", "changes": "Cropped from the Library of Congress page image (a region fetched at 60 percent scale) to the notice \"Death of T. H. Shearer\": 647 by 1576 pixels, shown at its own 647 by 1576 pixels; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-notice-of-thomas-h-shearer-clarke-courier-june-28-1899.jpg", "date": { "start": "1899-06-28", "end": "1899-06-28", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M615", "title": "Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: war-honors report, citations (William Graham Reynolds)", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S289", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A later part of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923: the end of the citation for John R. Castleman, Jr., and the citation for William Graham Reynolds, captain, 23rd Infantry, distinguished service cross.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column begins mid-sentence.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a newspaper column of medal citations that begins mid-sentence, followed by the citation for William Graham Reynolds, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross, St. Etienne, Oct. 4, 1918.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1494,2779 330x864 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 660 by 1728 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1923-04-26-p1-war-honors-citations-reynolds.jpg", "segment_id": "G1604", "original_sha256": "5119f7860030801e4737982adb96497d5bc03846d1c97c6c2794a31b311eabbf", "transcription": "-tection and also destroyed two of the enemy planes.\" Also silver star citation, Cunel, France, same day \"for gallantry in action.\" William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross, St. Etienne, Oct. 4, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action. After he had been severely wounded by a shell, he managed, by a sumpeme [sic] effort, to regain sufficient consciousness to acquaint his successor with the necessary information for continuance of the struggle. His courage, under such great agony, set a wonderful example for his men.\"", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "william-graham-reynolds" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1494, "y": 2779, "width": 330, "height": 864 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1923-04-26", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1923-04-26", "end": "1923-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M509", "title": "Clarke Courier, June 29, 1922, page 4: letter on a river rescue, last lines", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S335", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The last lines of the letter headed Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, set at the foot of another column and signed W. A. B.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The lines are set at the foot of a column, apart from the rest of the letter, and do not print Mr. Moore's name; the opening of the letter, which does, is in another crop of the page.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-29/ed-1/?sp=4", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 29, 1922, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, showing a few short lines of newspaper type reading wrote of Ben Adhem: \"Here lies one who loved his fellowman.\" and the initials W. A. B.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1498,3573 380x90 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 760 by 180 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1922-06-29-p4-moore-letter-ending.jpg", "segment_id": "G1599", "original_sha256": "d74755bfc4f60a4437bfcb3f9822b985d66262496316ec54ff59a60f608faad9", "transcription": "wrote of Ben Adhem: \"Here lies one who loved his fellowman.\" W. A. B.", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1922-06-29/ed-1/?sp=4", "people": [ "james-frank-moore" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1498, "y": 3573, "width": 380, "height": 90 }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1922-06-29", "page": "4 (numbered by the Library of Congress; the page prints no number)" }, "date": { "start": "1922-06-29", "end": "1922-06-29", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M512", "title": "Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: war-honors report, citations", "medium": "document", "creator": "Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va.", "source_id": "S289", "illustrates_story": null, "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "A later part of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923: the end of the citation for John R. Castleman, Jr., and the citation for William Graham Reynolds, captain, 23rd Infantry, distinguished service cross.", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one newspaper page; the rest of the page is not shown. The column begins mid-sentence.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources).", "rights_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.", "alt": "A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a newspaper column of medal citations that begins mid-sentence, followed by the citation for William Graham Reynolds, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross, St. Etienne, Oct. 4, 1918.", "changes": "Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1494,2779 330x864 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 660 by 1728 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded.", "display_path": "/assets/media/clarke-courier-1923-04-26-p1-war-honors-citations.jpg", "segment_id": "G1603", "original_sha256": "5119f7860030801e4737982adb96497d5bc03846d1c97c6c2794a31b311eabbf", "transcription": "-tection and also destroyed two of the enemy planes.\" Also silver star citation, Cunel, France, same day \"for gallantry in action.\" William Graham Reynolds, Berryville, captain 23rd infantry, distinguished service cross, St. Etienne, Oct. 4, 1918, \"for extraordinary heroism in action. After he had been severely wounded by a shell, he managed, by a sumpeme [sic] effort, to regain sufficient consciousness to acquaint his successor with the necessary information for continuance of the struggle. His courage, under such great agony, set a wonderful example for his men.\"", "full_page_url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025371/1923-04-26/ed-1/?sp=1", "people": [ "john-r-castleman-jr" ], "crop_box": { "x": 1494, "y": 2779, "width": 330, "height": 864 }, "citation_page": { "printed": "1" }, "newspaper": { "title": "Clarke Courier", "city": "Berryville, Va.", "date": "1923-04-26", "page": "1" }, "date": { "start": "1923-04-26", "end": "1923-04-26", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M616", "title": "The Memorial and Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Eastern Part of Frederick County, 1833: title page", "medium": "document", "creator": "Inhabitants of the eastern part of Frederick County; printed at the office of the Virginia Free Press, Charlestown, Va.", "source_id": "S857", "illustrates_story": "clarke-founding-1836-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The petition went to Richmond as a printed pamphlet. A hand at the top of this copy dates it Jan 9th 1834.", "context_disclosure": "The title page only; the pamphlet's text and tables are not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: a pamphlet printed in Virginia in 1833. Shown from the Library of Virginia's scan of the microfilm, Legislative Petitions Digital Collection.", "rights_url": "https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9917814936405756&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions Digital Collection, Frederick County, December 11, 1833 (file 045_083_021), scan page 5.", "alt": "The printed title page of a worn pamphlet: The Memorial and Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Eastern Part of Frederick County, praying The Formation of a New County, printed at the office of the Virginia Free Press, 1833. A handwritten date, Jan 9th 1834, is across the top, and the word Frederick is written beside the title.", "changes": "Rendered from page 5 of the Library of Virginia's PDF scan and cropped to the title page, leaving out most of the dark microfilm border: 553 by 792 pixels, about 46 percent of the scan's own resolution, shown at that size; re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/the-memorial-and-petition-of-the-eastern-part-of-frederick-county-1833.jpg", "date": { "start": "1833", "end": "1833", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M617", "title": "\"New County,\" Richmond Enquirer, March 12, 1836, page 3", "medium": "document", "creator": "Richmond Enquirer, Richmond, Va.", "source_id": "S830", "illustrates_story": "clarke-founding-1836-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Richmond Enquirer of March 12, 1836 reports the House's tie of 49 to 49 on taking up the bill, broken by the Speaker, and the naming of the new county \"in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke.\"", "context_disclosure": "A crop of part of one column; the vote on the bill and the rest of the page are not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1836. Shown from a screenshot of the page image in Virginia Chronicle's viewer (Library of Virginia).", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RE18360312.1.3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Richmond Enquirer (Richmond, Va.), March 12, 1836, page 3. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A newspaper column headed NEW COUNTY. It reports that Mr. Griggs moved to take up the bill forming a new county out of parts of Frederick, that the motion was agreed to with ayes 49 and noes 49, the Speaker voting in the affirmative, and that the name of Clarke was given to the new county in honor of Gen. George R. Clarke, with one delegate allotted to Clarke and Warren.", "changes": "A detail of a screenshot of Virginia Chronicle's page viewer (1432 by 840 pixels) with search highlighting turned off: the rectangle from x 330 to 1292 and y 232 to 650, which leaves out the viewer and the neighboring columns, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/new-county-richmond-enquirer-march-12-1836.jpg", "date": { "start": "1836-03-12", "end": "1836-03-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M618", "title": "Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1835-36, page 20: Chapter 19, forming Clarke County", "medium": "document", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia; printed at Richmond", "source_id": "S887", "illustrates_story": "why-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The act as the Commonwealth printed it: Chapter 19, passed March 8, 1836. The new county is to \"be called and known by the name of Clarke county,\" and the margin reads \"Clarke county created.\"", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page. The act begins below the end of the act forming Braxton County and runs on to the next two pages.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: printed for the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1836. Shown from HathiTrust's scan of the Ohio State University copy, marked Public Domain, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32437123259265&seq=24", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1835-36, page 20. HathiTrust Digital Library (Ohio State University copy).", "alt": "A printed page of Virginia session laws. After the closing sections of the act forming Braxton County comes the heading Chap. 19, An Act forming a new county out of the county of Frederick, Passed March 8, 1836, with the margin note Clarke county created, and the boundary of the new county ending with the words be called and known by the name of Clarke county.", "changes": "The whole page as downloaded from HathiTrust's viewer at 300 dpi (1626 by 2504 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/acts-of-the-general-assembly-1835-36-chapter-19-forming-clarke-county.jpg", "date": { "start": "1836", "end": "1836", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M619", "title": "Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 1835-36, page 194", "medium": "document", "creator": "House of Delegates of Virginia; printed at Richmond", "source_id": "S888", "illustrates_story": "why-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The House journal on the bill's passage: it \"was read a third time, a blank therein was filled,\" and passed 84 to 29. The journal does not say what filled the blank.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page. Most of it is the close of a letter from Senator Benjamin Watkins Leigh; the Frederick bill is in the lower third, followed by the list of ayes.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: printed for the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1836. Shown from HathiTrust's scan of the New York Public Library copy, marked Public Domain, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433014925543&seq=200", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 1835-36, page 194. HathiTrust Digital Library (New York Public Library copy).", "alt": "A printed page of the Journal of the House of Delegates. The upper part is the end of a long letter signed B. W. Leigh. Below it the journal records that an engrossed bill forming a new county out of the county of Frederick was read a third time, a blank therein was filled, and it passed, ayes 84, noes 29, followed by the names of the members voting aye.", "changes": "The whole page as downloaded from HathiTrust's viewer at 300 dpi (2285 by 3121 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/journal-of-the-house-of-delegates-1835-36-page-194.jpg", "date": { "start": "1836", "end": "1836", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M620", "title": "Report of the commissioner of revolutionary claims, Doc. No. 6, House of Delegates of Virginia, 1835-36, page 3", "medium": "document", "creator": "John H. Smith, commissioner of revolutionary claims; printed at Richmond", "source_id": "S888", "illustrates_story": "why-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The same session received a report on old claims for supplies \"made to the Illinois regiment, under the command of George Rogers Clark.\" The report says nothing about the new county.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page, the first page of the report. Its covering letter, dated December 10, 1835, is on the page before.", "rights_statement": "Public domain: printed for the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1836. Shown from HathiTrust's scan of the New York Public Library copy, marked Public Domain, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433014925543&seq=200", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 1835-36, Doc. No. 6, page 3. HathiTrust Digital Library (New York Public Library copy).", "alt": "The first printed page of a report headed Report, To the General Assembly of Virginia. The commissioner lists the duties the act of 1834 gave him; the fourth is to investigate and adjust the claims against Virginia for supplies made to the Illinois regiment, under the command of George Rogers Clark.", "changes": "The whole page as downloaded from HathiTrust's viewer at 300 dpi (2252 by 3107 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/report-of-the-commissioner-of-revolutionary-claims-1835-page-3.jpg", "date": { "start": "1836", "end": "1836", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M621", "title": "Alexandria Gazette, March 12, 1836, page 3", "medium": "document", "creator": "Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria, D.C.", "source_id": "S829", "illustrates_story": "why-clarke-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The Alexandria Gazette reprints the Richmond Courier: the bill for a new county out of Frederick, \"to be called Clark, in memory of George Rogers Clark,\" and the bill for Warren both passed the Senate. The paragraph is in the third column.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page. The naming paragraph is a few lines in the third column; the rest of the page is other news, prices and advertisements.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: published in 1836. Shown from Virginia Chronicle's page image (Library of Virginia), downloaded as the site's PDF of the page.", "rights_url": "https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18360312.1.3", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, D.C.), March 12, 1836, page 3. Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia.", "alt": "A full newspaper page of four columns of small type. In the third column a short paragraph credited to the Richmond Courier reports that the bill forming a new county out of a part of Frederick, to be called Clark, in memory of George Rogers Clark, and the bill forming Warren County both passed the Senate by almost unanimous votes.", "changes": "The whole page image from Virginia Chronicle's PDF of the page (3400 by 5040 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/alexandria-gazette-march-12-1836-page-3.jpg", "date": { "start": "1836-03-12", "end": "1836-03-12", "precision": "day" } }, { "id": "M622", "title": "Compendium of the Sixth Census (1841), page 37: free colored persons in the Western District of Virginia, by county", "medium": "document", "creator": "United States Department of State", "source_id": "S890", "illustrates_story": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The same table's free colored persons, by sex and age, county by county; Clarke's row adds to 161.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page. The free colored columns are at the right; the columns at the left continue the free white persons of the facing page.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a publication of the United States government printed in 1841. Shown from the Census Bureau's scan of the volume.", "rights_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1840/1840v3/1840c-03.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Compendium of the Sixth Census (Washington: Thomas Allen, 1841), page 37. U.S. Census Bureau.", "alt": "A printed page of census tables for the Western District of Virginia. Columns of figures give free white females by age and then free colored persons, male and female, by age group, one row for each county.", "changes": "The whole page image from the Census Bureau's scan of the volume (4400 by 5600 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/compendium-of-the-sixth-census-1841-page-37.jpg", "date": { "start": "1841", "end": "1841", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M623", "title": "Compendium of the Sixth Census (1841), page 38: slaves in the Western District of Virginia, by county", "medium": "document", "creator": "United States Department of State", "source_id": "S890", "illustrates_story": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The federal count of 1840, as printed in 1841: the slaves of each county in the Western District of Virginia by sex and age, with every county's total population. Clarke is the ninth county down.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page. The Clarke row is one line of the table; the other rows are the other counties of the district.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a publication of the United States government printed in 1841. Shown from the Census Bureau's scan of the volume.", "rights_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1840/1840v3/1840c-03.pdf", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "Compendium of the Sixth Census (Washington: Thomas Allen, 1841), page 38. U.S. Census Bureau.", "alt": "A printed page of census tables headed Virginia, Western District. Columns of figures give the number of male and female slaves by age group for each county, from Alleghany to Wythe, with a total column at the right; Clarke is the ninth row.", "changes": "The whole page image from the Census Bureau's scan of the volume (4439 by 5631 pixels), not cropped or scaled, re-encoded once as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/compendium-of-the-sixth-census-1841-page-38.jpg", "date": { "start": "1841", "end": "1841", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M624", "title": "Census of 1840, Clarke County, page 18, left-hand page: heads of families and free persons", "medium": "document", "creator": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal", "source_id": "S889", "illustrates_story": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Page 18 of the schedule, the names side. John E Page Ex is line 3 and Philip Burwill line 17; the counts of free white and free colored persons run across the page from each name.", "context_disclosure": "The whole page as FamilySearch's image shows it. The enslaved people of these households are on the facing page, shown next.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a federal census schedule of 1840, a record of the United States government. The image is FamilySearch's, film 005154913, image 44 (3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN), of the National Archives microfilm M704, roll 555, shown here on the owner's decision of 21 Oct 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9YYJ-92GN", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "United States census of 1840, Clarke County, Virginia, page 18. FamilySearch, film 005154913, image 44.", "alt": "A handwritten census page ruled into narrow columns. A column of names runs down the left side, each followed by small tally figures for free white persons by age and sex, with Clarke County written up the margin.", "changes": "FamilySearch's whole page image as downloaded, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/census-1840-clarke-county-page-18-names.jpg", "date": { "start": "1840", "end": "1840", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M625", "title": "Census of 1840, Clarke County, page 18, right-hand page: slaves and totals", "medium": "document", "creator": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal", "source_id": "S889", "illustrates_story": "clarke-slaveholding-1840-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "The facing page: each household's enslaved people by sex and age, then the line's total. Line 17, Philip Burwill's, reads 10, 10, 10, 10 and 5 for males and the same for females. The assistant marshal signed at the foot.", "context_disclosure": "The whole page as FamilySearch's image shows it. Its lines run straight across from the names on the facing page; the columns at the right are occupations, pensioners and schools.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a federal census schedule of 1840, a record of the United States government. The image is FamilySearch's, film 005154913, image 45 (3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228), of the National Archives microfilm M704, roll 555, shown here on the owner's decision of 21 Oct 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9YYJ-9228", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "United States census of 1840, Clarke County, Virginia, page 18. FamilySearch, film 005154913, image 45.", "alt": "A handwritten census page of narrow ruled columns filled with small figures giving enslaved males and females by age group for each household, a total column, and further columns, with a signature at the foot.", "changes": "FamilySearch's whole page image as downloaded, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/census-1840-clarke-county-page-18-slaves.jpg", "date": { "start": "1840", "end": "1840", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M626", "title": "Census of 1840, Clarke County, page 4, left-hand page: heads of families, free white and free colored persons", "medium": "document", "creator": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal", "source_id": "S889", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Page 4 of the schedule. James Murray is line 11: his household's 13 people are all in the free colored columns at the right. R M S Timberlake, line 21, has four free colored persons in a white household.", "context_disclosure": "The whole page as FamilySearch's image shows it. The facing page, with the household's enslaved people and totals, is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a federal census schedule of 1840, a record of the United States government. The image is FamilySearch's, film 005154913, image 14 (3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KC6), of the National Archives microfilm M704, roll 555, shown here on the owner's decision of 21 Oct 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KC6", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "United States census of 1840, Clarke County, Virginia, page 4. FamilySearch, film 005154913, image 14.", "alt": "A handwritten census page ruled into narrow columns, with a column of names down the left and small tally figures for free white persons and, at the right, free colored persons, by sex and age.", "changes": "FamilySearch's whole page image as downloaded, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/census-1840-clarke-county-page-4-names.jpg", "date": { "start": "1840", "end": "1840", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M627", "title": "Census of 1840, Clarke County, page 15, left-hand page: heads of families, free white and free colored persons", "medium": "document", "creator": "Jos. M. Nicklin, assistant marshal", "source_id": "S889", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Page 15 holds more free people of color than any other page of the schedule. Thos Gray, line 17, and Frank Irwin, line 22, head households counted only in the free colored columns; A S Allen, line 15, has one free colored man.", "context_disclosure": "The whole page as FamilySearch's image shows it. The facing page is not shown.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a federal census schedule of 1840, a record of the United States government. The image is FamilySearch's, film 005154913, image 38 (3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC), of the National Archives microfilm M704, roll 555, shown here on the owner's decision of 21 Oct 2026.", "rights_url": "https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYJ-9KHC", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "United States census of 1840, Clarke County, Virginia, page 15. FamilySearch, film 005154913, image 38.", "alt": "A handwritten census page of names and tally columns, with Clarke County written up the left margin and several lines whose only figures are in the free colored columns at the right.", "changes": "FamilySearch's whole page image as downloaded, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/census-1840-clarke-county-page-15-names.jpg", "date": { "start": "1840", "end": "1840", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M628", "title": "The Code of Virginia (1849), page 458: chapter 103, sections 3 to 10, on slaves", "medium": "document", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "source_id": "S892", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Section 4 limits whom a free negro could acquire as a slave; section 9 lets an owner free people by will or by deed.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page, with the marginal citations of the earlier acts.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a Virginia statute book printed in 1849. The image is HathiTrust's, from the University of Virginia copy digitized by Google (uva.x002676106, page scan 496), marked Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002676106&seq=496", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The Code of Virginia (Richmond, 1849), page 458. HathiTrust Digital Library, from the University of Virginia.", "alt": "A printed page of the Code of Virginia headed Slaves, Title 30, in numbered sections with small marginal citations of earlier acts down the left side.", "changes": "HathiTrust's whole page image as downloaded at 300 dpi, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/code-of-virginia-1849-page-458.jpg", "date": { "start": "1849", "end": "1849", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M629", "title": "The Code of Virginia (1849), page 465: the opening of chapter 107, of free negroes", "medium": "document", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "source_id": "S892", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Chapter 107 begins halfway down the page. Its footnote summarizes the act of 1806 under which a freed slave who stayed in Virginia more than twelve months forfeited the freedom.", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page; its upper half ends chapter 106, on suits for freedom.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a Virginia statute book printed in 1849. The image is HathiTrust's, from the University of Virginia copy digitized by Google (uva.x002676106, page scan 503), marked Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002676106&seq=503", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The Code of Virginia (Richmond, 1849), page 465. HathiTrust Digital Library, from the University of Virginia.", "alt": "A printed page of the Code of Virginia ending one chapter and beginning Chapter CVII, Of Free Negroes, with a table of its sections and a footnote in small type.", "changes": "HathiTrust's whole page image as downloaded at 300 dpi, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/code-of-virginia-1849-page-465.jpg", "date": { "start": "1849", "end": "1849", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M630", "title": "The Code of Virginia (1849), page 466: chapter 107, sections 1 to 6, of free negroes", "medium": "document", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "source_id": "S892", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "Leave to remain in the state (sections 1 to 4), the commissioner's yearly list of free negroes (section 5), and the register every five years (section 6).", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page, with the marginal citations of the earlier acts.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a Virginia statute book printed in 1849. The image is HathiTrust's, from the University of Virginia copy digitized by Google (uva.x002676106, page scan 504), marked Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002676106&seq=504", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The Code of Virginia (Richmond, 1849), page 466. HathiTrust Digital Library, from the University of Virginia.", "alt": "A printed page of the Code of Virginia headed Free Negroes, Title 30, set in numbered sections with marginal citations of earlier acts at the left.", "changes": "HathiTrust's whole page image as downloaded at 300 dpi, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/code-of-virginia-1849-page-466.jpg", "date": { "start": "1849", "end": "1849", "precision": "year" } }, { "id": "M631", "title": "The Code of Virginia (1849), page 467: chapter 107, sections 6 to 12, of free negroes", "medium": "document", "creator": "General Assembly of Virginia", "source_id": "S892", "illustrates_story": "clarke-free-black-1836-1862-story", "illustrates_entity": null, "illustration_caption": "What the register recorded, and what happened to a free negro found without a copy of it (section 10).", "context_disclosure": "The whole printed page, with the marginal citations of the earlier acts.", "rights_statement": "Public domain in the United States: a Virginia statute book printed in 1849. The image is HathiTrust's, from the University of Virginia copy digitized by Google (uva.x002676106, page scan 505), marked Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized.", "rights_url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002676106&seq=505", "clearance_status": "cleared_item_level", "displayed": true, "required_credit": "The Code of Virginia (Richmond, 1849), page 467. HathiTrust Digital Library, from the University of Virginia.", "alt": "A printed page of the Code of Virginia headed Free Negroes, chapter 107, continuing the numbered sections on the register of free negroes.", "changes": "HathiTrust's whole page image as downloaded at 300 dpi, not cropped or scaled and not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added.", "display_path": "/assets/media/code-of-virginia-1849-page-467.jpg", "date": { "start": "1849", "end": "1849", "precision": "year" } } ], "calendar": { "records": [], "queue": { "candidates": 23, "approved": 0, "awaiting_review": 23 }, "note": "Only calendar records a person approved, for this exact version, appear here. The queue itself is local: the counts above are the only thing published about it." }, "videos": { "entries": [ { "id": "V01", "title": "Introduction of the Burwell-Morgan Mill", "channel": "Clarke County Historical Association", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjkqYBJja1g", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Millwood", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke", "published_by_local_institution" ], "format": "institutional_introduction", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan" ], "note": "Published by the county's own historical association, which owns and operates the mill. The mill was built by Daniel Morgan and Nathaniel Burwell, and Morgan is the figure at the centre of this project's Battletown naming question — a connection of subject, not of evidence.", "caution": "Nothing in it has been checked against this project's account of Daniel Morgan and the Battletown name." }, { "id": "V02", "title": "A Brief History of Blandy Experimental Farm", "channel": "Blandy Experimental Farm", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU4Oz36LSaQ", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke", "published_by_local_institution" ], "format": "institutional_history_talk", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "Published by Blandy Experimental Farm itself, a University of Virginia research station at Boyce in Clarke County. The title states it is a history of the site.", "caution": "An institution's account of its own history is a source with a point of view, like any other." }, { "id": "V03", "title": "Virginia Farming: Blandy Experimental Farm and State Arboretum", "channel": "VPM", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dkj11EX0dDc", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "broadcast_segment", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "A segment from VPM, Virginia's public media organisation. Published by a broadcaster rather than by a Clarke County institution.", "caution": "" }, { "id": "V04", "title": "Virginia Farming: Blandy Experimental Farm at Virginia Arboretum", "channel": "VPM", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sep8VOP1-ak", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "broadcast_segment", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "The publisher lists another Virginia Farming segment about Blandy Experimental Farm under a different video address.", "caution": "It may overlap with the other Virginia Farming segment about Blandy listed here." }, { "id": "V05", "title": "360 Virtual Tour of Blandy / Virginia Arboretum Spring 1 of 3", "channel": "VisitWinchesterVA", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN969NqVic8", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "virtual_tour", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "The publisher lists this as a 360-degree springtime tour of Blandy Experimental Farm in Clarke County. It was published by the Winchester–Frederick County visitor bureau.", "caution": "Not watched. A promotional tour is not a history of the site." }, { "id": "V06", "title": "360 Virtual Tour of Blandy / Virginia Arboretum Spring 2 of 3", "channel": "VisitWinchesterVA", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oB33nINFW0", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "virtual_tour", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "The second part of the same tour series.", "caution": "" }, { "id": "V07", "title": "Burwell-Morgan Mill :: Millwood, VA", "channel": "PlacesDiscovered", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGyDQCj2sJ0", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Millwood", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "visitor_film", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan" ], "note": "An independent channel's film of the mill. Included because footage of a working eighteenth-century mill is worth seeing; the channel is not an institution and makes no claim to be.", "caution": "Any historical statements in it are unverified." }, { "id": "V08", "title": "Burwell Morgan Mill - Millwood, Virginia", "channel": "cspitler", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNyiY5HtSVc", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Millwood", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "visitor_film", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan" ], "note": "An individual's recording of the same mill.", "caution": "Any historical statements in it are unverified." }, { "id": "V09", "title": "Burwell-Morgan Mill", "channel": "The Real Wes Albers", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LziEASESdl8", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Millwood", "relations": [ "about_clarke", "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "visitor_film", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [ "daniel-morgan" ], "note": "An individual's recording of the mill.", "caution": "Any historical statements in it are unverified." }, { "id": "V10", "title": "Living History at Burwell-Morgan Mill and Pastel Demo Highlights", "channel": "Debbie Harding", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zo1egRaoiIo", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Millwood", "relations": [ "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "event_highlights", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "Highlights of a living-history event at the mill, combined with an art demonstration. A costumed re-enactment is a modern performance about the past, not a record of it.", "caution": "Living history is interpretation, not evidence." }, { "id": "V11", "title": "Blandy Experimental Farm State Arboretum of Virginia", "channel": "Dan the Mountain Man", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aChOQ1cUqY4", "platform": "youtube", "place": "Boyce", "relations": [ "filmed_in_clarke" ], "format": "visitor_film", "analysis": "metadata_only", "watched": false, "transcript_read": false, "verified_on": "2026-09-08", "entity_ids": [], "note": "An independent visitor's walkthrough of the arboretum.", "caution": "Any historical statements in it are unverified." } ], "note": "Inclusion is not endorsement. A video appearing here is not a source for any historical claim in this project, and nothing in it has been checked against the record. Presenters may be right, wrong or repeating a story; this library does not adjudicate that.", "gap_note": "There is no video here about Josephine City, which is the subject of half this project's published work. Searching for one returned institutional pages and no recording. That absence is reported rather than padded around.", "curated_by": "Selected with AI assistance. No one has independently reviewed this selection.", "how_verified": "Every title and channel below was confirmed through YouTube's public oEmbed endpoint on 2026-09-08, not copied from a search result. Nothing was downloaded, no transcript was obtained, and no video was watched. Every entry is therefore labelled metadata_only: the notes describe what a title, channel and publisher indicate, never what a recording shows.", "relations": { "about_clarke": "The subject of the recording is in Clarke County.", "filmed_in_clarke": "The recording appears to have been made in Clarke County.", "published_by_local_institution": "Published by an organisation based in or responsible for a Clarke County site." }, "analysis_levels": { "metadata_only": "Title, channel and publisher confirmed. The recording was not watched and no transcript was read.", "publisher_described": "As above, plus a description supplied by the publisher was read.", "transcript_reviewed": "A legitimately available transcript or caption track was read. Reading captions is not watching.", "recording_reviewed": "The recording itself was watched." } }, "buildDate": "2026-10-26", "nonprofitDirectory": { "what_this_is": "Directory presentation data. Editorial, not derived: the owner asked that two organizations lead the directory, and the BRWC work order of September 11, 2026 added a third by naming Blue Ridge Wildlife Center a featured nonprofit. The two the owner named keep their order and BRWC follows them; nothing here was reordered to make room. It lives in data/ rather than in the interface because interface code must name no entity id -- tests/test_derived_ui.mjs enforces that, and it caught this ordering when it was a constant in src/routes.mjs.", "order_note": "Organizations named here lead, in this order. Everything else runs alphabetically. The order carries no judgment about any organization, and since #66 the page states no count of how many lead.", "featured": [ "clarke-county-education-foundation", "barns-of-rose-hill", "blue-ridge-wildlife-center" ] } }