Organization

Clarke County Training School

The county's Black training school, built at Josephine City in 1930 and carried later under the Williams and Johnson-Williams names. It was enlarged under a 1949 bond proposal, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966, and the building survives as housing.

What the sources support

The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination records, among the district's contributing resources, the 1930 former Clarke County Training School, Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 168-5029-0048, which it says was later known as Johnson-Williams High School and was in use as low-income elderly housing when the nomination was written.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination records, among the district's contributing resources, the 1930 former Clarke County Training School, Virginia Department of Historic Resources number 168-5029-0048, which it says was later known as Johnson-Williams High School and was in use as low-income elderly housing when the nomination was written.

What the source supports

That one building carried the county's Black training school from 1930 and the Johnson-Williams name later, and that it survived into residential use.

Uncertainty

A district nomination names its resources in summary and does not narrate them. The form gives no month or day for the 1930 date and no date for the change of name, and none is inferred here. 'Low-income elderly housing' is the building's use as of 2015 and is not checked against its use now.

Source

Later historical account

Evidence role: supports. The district form's own list of contributing resources.

Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 168-5029)

Virginia Department of Historic Resources · 2015 (publication)

Locator: Section 7, summary description of contributing resources

Relevant passage
the 1930 former Clarke County Training School (168-5029-0048), later known as Johnson-Williams High School and now used as low-income elderly housing

Checked: Page text reviewed. Original image not independently inspected.

Open source

Source family: dhr-nominations. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5) · 2026-09-21. How this project checks its sources

The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination names the W.B.T. Williams Training School in Berryville in a March 1949 school board bond proposal of $180,000, which was to complete a new elementary school in Berryville and to pay for additions to the Boyce High School and to that training school.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The 2000 Millwood Colored School nomination names the W.B.T. Williams Training School in Berryville in a March 1949 school board bond proposal of $180,000, which was to complete a new elementary school in Berryville and to pay for additions to the Boyce High School and to that training school.

What the source supports

That the Berryville training school was carrying the Williams name by March 1949, and that the county was then enlarging it rather than replacing it.

Uncertainty

The nomination spells the initials W.B.T.; the research register that led to this record spells them W.T.B. Both spellings are recorded as names of this school and neither is corrected, because no cited document settles which is right. A bond proposal is a plan to borrow, not a record that the work was done or the money raised.

Source

Later historical account

Evidence role: supports. The nomination's account of the March 1949 bond proposal.

Millwood Colored School, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 021-0192-0008)

Virginia Department of Historic Resources · 2000 (publication)

Locator: Section 8, on the 1949 school bond proposal

Relevant passage
By March 1949, the School Board sought to issue bonds for $180,000 that would complete a new elementary school in Berryville, and cover the cost of additions to the Boyce High School and the W.B.T. Williams Training School in Berryville.

Checked: Page text reviewed. Original image not independently inspected.

Open source

Source family: dhr-nominations. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5) · 2026-09-21. How this project checks its sources

The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination says the previously all-Black Johnson-Williams High School, at the southeastern edge of the district, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The 2015 Josephine City Historic District nomination says the previously all-Black Johnson-Williams High School, at the southeastern edge of the district, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966.

What the source supports

That the school's integration and its change from a high school to a middle school are recorded as one event in 1966, and that the Johnson-Williams name carried across it.

Uncertainty

The nomination states the year and does not cite the board record behind it. It does not say whether integration was by choice, by order or by consolidation, and nothing is inferred here.

Source

Later historical account

Evidence role: supports. The district form's account of the 1966 change.

Josephine City Historic District, National Register of Historic Places registration form (DHR 168-5029)

Virginia Department of Historic Resources · 2015 (publication)

Locator: Section 8, statement of significance

Relevant passage
the previously all-black Johnson-Williams High School, located at the southeastern edge of the district, became the integrated Johnson-Williams Middle School in 1966

Checked: Page text reviewed. Original image not independently inspected.

Open source

Source family: dhr-nominations. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5) · 2026-09-21. How this project checks its sources

The 2004 multiple property documentation form for Rosenwald Schools in Virginia lists, in its statewide table of schools sorted by date of construction, a Berryville School in Clarke County under the construction years 1930-31.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The 2004 multiple property documentation form for Rosenwald Schools in Virginia lists, in its statewide table of schools sorted by date of construction, a Berryville School in Clarke County under the construction years 1930-31.

What the source supports

That a Clarke County school is named in the Rosenwald programme's own state documentation, under the years the training school was built.

Uncertainty

The table gives a name, a county and a pair of years. It gives no address, no plan type and no Fisk application number, so it does not establish which building in Berryville is meant, and it does not by itself establish that Rosenwald funds were received. The identification of this entry with the Clarke County Training School rests on the coincidence of place and date, which is corroboration and not proof.

Source

Later historical account

Evidence role: supports. The 1930-31 row of the statewide table, naming Clarke County and a Berryville School.

Rosenwald Schools in Virginia, National Register multiple property documentation form (DHR 012-5041)

Virginia Department of Historic Resources · 2004 (publication)

Locator: Appendix, Rosenwald Schools and Related Structures in Virginia, Sorted by Date of Construction, 1930-31

Relevant passage
1930-31 Charlotte County Keysville School City of Suffolk (formerly Hutersville School Clarke County Berryville School Culpepper County Thompson School

Checked: Page text reviewed. Original image not independently inspected.

Open source

Source family: dhr-nominations. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5) · 2026-09-21. How this project checks its sources

The Clarke Courier of April 17, 1930 reported that the contract for the erection of the colored school building had been awarded to Kelley and Kelley, contractors of Bluemont, Va., at $17,350.00, less $407.00 for a one-pipe modulating heating plant instead of the two-pipe system and less fifty cents per cubic yard for excavation made by the patrons of the school. The building was to be of 8-inch cinder block faced with 4-inch brick, with an auditorium and four separate classrooms and two more cut off from the auditorium by folding doors; it would be for the use of the Clarke County Training School, with instruction in vocational agriculture as a feature. The Courier of May 15, 1930 said the School Board of Clarke County had awarded the contract a few weeks earlier, at the same price and deductions.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The Clarke Courier of April 17, 1930 reported that the contract for the erection of the colored school building had been awarded to Kelley and Kelley, contractors of Bluemont, Va., at $17,350.00, less $407.00 for a one-pipe modulating heating plant instead of the two-pipe system and less fifty cents per cubic yard for excavation made by the patrons of the school. The building was to be of 8-inch cinder block faced with 4-inch brick, with an auditorium and four separate classrooms and two more cut off from the auditorium by folding doors; it would be for the use of the Clarke County Training School, with instruction in vocational agriculture as a feature. The Courier of May 15, 1930 said the School Board of Clarke County had awarded the contract a few weeks earlier, at the same price and deductions.

What the source supports

The contract for the Training School's 1930 building, its price, its deductions and the plan, as the Courier reported them.

Uncertainty

Newspaper reports of a contract; the contract itself was not inspected. The price is the contract price, not the building's final cost, and it is not reconciled with, or added to, the Rosenwald card's total, the $8,000 in bonds or the yearly $500. The machine-read text gives $17,360; the page image reads $17,350.00. Kelley and Kelley are not identified with any other record.

Source

Reporting

Evidence role: supports. The price and the two deductions.

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 17, 1930, page 4: report "Colored People Digging Foundation" on the contract for the colored school building

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va. · 1930-04-17 (publication)

Locator: Page 4, report of the contract, the price and deductions

Relevant passage
The contract price is $17,350.00 less a deduction of $407.00 for one-pipe modulating heating plant instead of the two-pipe system, and less a deduction of fifty cents per cubic yard for excavation made by the patrons of the school.

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: clarke-courier. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

Reporting

Evidence role: supports. The construction, the plan and the building's use.

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., April 17, 1930, page 4: report "Colored People Digging Foundation" on the contract for the colored school building

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va. · 1930-04-17 (publication)

Locator: Page 4, same report, the construction and plan of the building

Relevant passage
Construction will be 8-in. cinder block faced with 4-in. brick ... building to consist of auditorium and four separate class rooms, with two additional class rooms cut off by means of folding doors in the auditorium. This school will be for the use of the Clarke County Training School, and a feature of the school will be instruction in vocational agriculture

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: clarke-courier. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

Reporting

Evidence role: supports. The School Board's award, restated with the same price.

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., May 15, 1930, page 4: report on the colored school building and a contribution from its principal, E. T. Johnson

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va. · 1930-05-15 (publication)

Locator: Page 4, opening paragraphs: the contract restated and the digging completed

Relevant passage
A few weeks ago the School Board of Clarke county awarded the contract for the erection of the colored school building to Kelley and Kelley, Bluemont, Va. contractors, at the price of $17,350.00 ... The digging of the foundation has been completed

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: clarke-courier. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5) · 2026-09-26. How this project checks its sources

The Clarke Courier of June 12, 1930 printed E. T. Johnson's account of the cornerstone day. It rained. The parade started ahead of time, led by the Charles Town band and the Odd Fellows of Millwood, with the schools and communities following alphabetically, Berryville, Boyce, Bristoe, Louisville, Millwood, Stone Bridge and White Post. It moved down Liberty Street to Railroad Street, up Main into Church, and out Church into Josephine; the speeches were made between showers; and after three attempts the stone was placed in the north east corner of the Clarke County Training School.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceThat it happened

The Clarke Courier of June 12, 1930 printed E. T. Johnson's account of the cornerstone day. It rained. The parade started ahead of time, led by the Charles Town band and the Odd Fellows of Millwood, with the schools and communities following alphabetically, Berryville, Boyce, Bristoe, Louisville, Millwood, Stone Bridge and White Post. It moved down Liberty Street to Railroad Street, up Main into Church, and out Church into Josephine; the speeches were made between showers; and after three attempts the stone was placed in the north east corner of the Clarke County Training School.

What the source supports

That the cornerstone of the Training School was laid, with a parade through Berryville to Josephine City.

Uncertainty

The principal's own account, printed as his contribution; it also refers to "The Rev. Johnston". It does not give the date, which the June 5 announcement set for Friday, June 6. The lodge and the band are named only as printed.

Source

Reporting

Evidence role: supports. The parade, the route and the setting of the stone.

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 12, 1930, page 4: "Cornerstone of School For The Colored Is Laid"

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va. · 1930-06-12 (publication)

Locator: Page 4, the principal's account, the parade, its route and the setting of the stone

Relevant passage
It has been said that our people are never on time, but the parade started ahead of expected time with Charles Town band ... After three attempts the stone was placed in the north east corner of the Clarke County Training School.

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: clarke-courier. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

Reporting

Evidence role: contextualizes. The announced date.

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va., June 5, 1930, page 7: "Cornerstone of New School For Colored To Be Laid Tomorrow"

Clarke Courier, Berryville, Va. · 1930-06-05 (publication)

Locator: Page 7, announcement of the cornerstone laying and the Rally Day Drive

Relevant passage
tomorrow (Friday June 6) is the day for the laying of the cornerstone to the new school building which is now being erected in Josephine City. This same day they will hold their sixth annual pageant and "Rally Day Drive," the purpose of the latter to help in the first $500, which they have pledged to raise annually toward the new building.

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: clarke-courier. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5) · 2026-09-26. How this project checks its sources

The John F. Slater Fund's Proceedings and Reports for the year ending September 30, 1930 prints a "List of 384 Schools 1929-30," the county training schools on its roll, state by state, in which the figure after each county is the number of years its school had been on the list. Under Virginia it lists Clarke 2, post office Berryville, superintendent A. F. Robinson, principal E. T. Johnson. The report's section on county training schools says the fund had aided in establishing them since the session of 1911-12.

✓ Supported by a source
See the source and its limits
✓ Supported by a sourceAn account exists

The John F. Slater Fund's Proceedings and Reports for the year ending September 30, 1930 prints a "List of 384 Schools 1929-30," the county training schools on its roll, state by state, in which the figure after each county is the number of years its school had been on the list. Under Virginia it lists Clarke 2, post office Berryville, superintendent A. F. Robinson, principal E. T. Johnson. The report's section on county training schools says the fund had aided in establishing them since the session of 1911-12.

What the source supports

That the Slater Fund counted Clarke's training school, at Berryville, on its 1929-30 list, in its second year there.

Uncertainty

A printed list for one year; it gives no grant for the school and does not say what the fund paid it. The superintendent is printed A. F. Robinson, where the Courier prints A. F. Robertson; both forms are kept. The section on the fund's aid was read in the archive's machine-read text, not on the page image. Later lists were not read.

Source

Contemporary report

Evidence role: supports. The list's title and headnote.

The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930: "List of 384 Schools 1929-30"

The John F. Slater Fund · 1930 (publication)

Locator: Printed page 16, head of the "List of 384 Schools 1929-30" and its headnote

Relevant passage
List of 384 Schools 1929-30 ... The figure accompanying the name of the county shows the number of years the school has been on the list.

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: slater-fund-reports. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

Contemporary report

Evidence role: supports. The Clarke row.

The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930: "List of 384 Schools 1929-30"

The John F. Slater Fund · 1930 (publication)

Locator: Printed page 24, Virginia list, the Clarke row read across its four columns

Relevant passage
Clarke 2 Berryville A. F. Robinson E. T. Johnson

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: slater-fund-reports. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

Contemporary report

Evidence role: contextualizes. The fund's aid to county training schools.

The John F. Slater Fund, Proceedings and Reports for Year Ending September 30, 1930: "List of 384 Schools 1929-30"

The John F. Slater Fund · 1930 (publication)

Locator: Printed page 15, section "County Training Schools", opening sentence (machine-read text)

Relevant passage
Beginning with the Session 1911-12, at the request of four County Superintendents, the Slater Fund aided in establishing County Training Schools in these four counties.

Checked: Original inspected. A digital reproduction was inspected; no original has been handled.

Open source

Source family: slater-fund-reports. Multiple passages from one source are not independent witnesses.

AI-assisted source check (Claude Opus 5.5) · 2026-09-26. How this project checks its sources

Also indexed as: Berryville School; W.B.T. Williams Training School; W.T.B. Williams Training School; Johnson-Williams High School; Johnson-Williams Middle School.

Know something about this place or record? Help fill a gap. It stays private until it is reviewed.

Keep exploring

Related stories

Land, work & community✓ Supported

The ground they kept: Milton Valley Cemetery

In 1909 the Clarke Courier credited forty-one Black men and women with forming the Milton Valley Cemetery Company in 1879 and buying three acres for a burial ground. A 1910 advertisement signed for the company, and a 1926 Cemetery Board notice printed under its heading, show lots offered, a monument raised and a yearly dollar asked of every lot holder, while a committee raised money for a walk in the cemetery. Funeral notices show the dead brought home from Cairo and Detroit, and by the 1930s the cemetery had its own Memorial Day exercises.

What the evidence says The 1909 Courier's account of forty-one founders in 1879, the company's 1910 advertisement and the 1926 board notice, read on the page images, show a Black-run cemetery company with stockholders, a monument and a yearly $1.00 charge on lot holders. Courier notices from 1897 to 1945 record burials there, including people brought home from Illinois and Detroit.

  • 7 min read
  • 17 sources
Civic life & gathering? Unconfirmed

Clarke County Training School: a dollar a year

In 1930 Black families in Clarke County dug the foundation of a new building for the Clarke County Training School and pledged $500 a year toward it. Through the 1930s the Clarke Courier followed the school as its League raised money for a bus, its judging teams won honors, and its pageants, games and commencements drew the community in. In 1939 the League was still asking each subscriber for a dollar a year.

What the evidence says Clarke Courier reports of 1930 document the contract, the patrons' digging and the cornerstone, and the Courier of 1936 to 1940 records the League's bus, the judging teams, announced pageants and games, and three commencements. A Rosenwald Fund card and a Slater Fund list add outside records of the building and the school.

  • 7 min read
  • 27 sources
Civic life & gathering? Unconfirmed

Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

In September 1930 Black families in Clarke County dedicated the new brick Clarke County Training School in Josephine City, with state and Rosenwald speakers, a rock pile still uncrushed and $680 owed for chairs. Through the 1930s their League paid toward the building with pageants, festivals and a $500 yearly pledge. By 1941 the school bore the name of Dr. W. T. B. Williams, and its principal, E. T. Johnson, bade farewell to the pageants in 1944 and died in 1945.

What the evidence says Clarke Courier notices and reports from August 1930 to December 1945, each read on a Library of Congress page image, document the dedication and its program, the patrons' costs and debts, the school's first year, the League's pledge and payments through 1939, the school's renaming, the principal's last pageant, his obituary and a letter in his memory. None of them reports the League's bond paid off.

  • 9 min read
  • 25 sources

Search

Searches the released collection only.