Photographs and documents

Rights and changes

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the self-published license template for cc-by-sa-3.0, with the source given as own work, and the file metadata records that attribution is required. License Changes: Scaled from 3072 by 2048 pixels down to 1600 by 1067 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A color fire insurance map sheet of Berryville, Virginia, dated June 1891. Twelve numbered blocks show building footprints tinted yellow for frame, pink for brick and blue for stone, with Buckmarsh, Academy, Church and Main lettered along the streets between them. The Clarke County court house, the jail and a court yard with a compass rose sit near the center. Outlying blocks carry the American Iron Works, Thompson and Ogden's planing mill and G. C. Thomas's carriage manufactory. A printed key and a scale bar of fifty feet to an inch sit at the lower right, and the title block at the upper right gives the population as 990.

A bald eagle photographed in South Dakota in 2014. Not a patient and not a Clarke County bird: it is a reference photograph of the species that appears most often in the center's published case notes, usually with lead in its blood.

Photograph by USFWS Mountain Prairie, March 13, 2014, via Wikimedia Commons. A work of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in the public domain.

In the story Inside Blue Ridge Wildlife Center

Rights and changes

Public domain as a work of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency of the federal government. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the PD-USGov-FWS template, read on 2026-09-11. No permission is required and no license conditions attach. License Changes: Scaled from the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer down to 1,600 by 1,200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A female wood turtle carrying a radio transmitter, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, 2010

A wood turtle photographed in New Jersey in 2010, tracked for a refuge study. This is not Jesse and not an animal of this center: it is a reference photograph of her species, which is the one that stayed.

Photograph by Colin Osborn, US Fish and Wildlife Service, May 25, 2010, via Wikimedia Commons. A work of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in the public domain.

In the story Inside Blue Ridge Wildlife Center

Rights and changes

Public domain as a work of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency of the federal government. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the PD-USGov-FWS template, read on 2026-09-11. No permission is required and no license conditions attach. License Changes: Scaled from the 1,920 by 1,440 rendition served by the Wikimedia thumbnailer down to 1,600 by 1,200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A row of three two-story commercial buildings along a street in late-afternoon sun, with overhead power lines crossing a blue sky. The building at left has a tan upper facade above maroon clapboard, and its shop windows hold costumes and a green poster, with two wooden benches on the sidewalk in front. The middle building is cream-colored with a bracketed cornice and blue curtains in its shop windows, and the building at right has a pale blue upper story with white trim. Parking meters stand along the curb, a double yellow line runs along the road at lower right, and trees and a picnic table on a lawn are at the far right.

Downtown Berryville shopfronts, photographed in 2019

Shopfronts in downtown Berryville, photographed by Carol M. Highsmith in November 2019.

Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith, November 12, 2019. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIG-highsm-60961.

Rights and changes

No known restrictions on publication: the rights advisory on the Library of Congress item record, read on September 14, 2026. The photograph is in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive at the Library of Congress. License Changes: Shown at the 1,024 by 793 pixels of the Library of Congress reference image, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the embedded metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A red brick courthouse of two stories under a clear blue sky, fronted by a white portico of four tall columns that carries a pediment with a half-round fanlight. An octagonal white cupola with louvered openings rises from the roof. The windows have black shutters, a small white plaque hangs beside the central door, and a white sign stands on the lawn. A black iron fence and rounded boxwood shrubs line the front, a bare tree holding a few red leaves stands at right, and a lower building with white trim adjoins at the far right.

Clarke County courthouse in Berryville, photographed in 2019

The Clarke County courthouse in Berryville, photographed by Carol M. Highsmith in November 2019.

Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith, November 12, 2019. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, LC-DIG-highsm-60959.

Rights and changes

No known restrictions on publication: the rights advisory on the Library of Congress item record, read on September 14, 2026. The photograph is in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive at the Library of Congress. License Changes: Shown at the 943 by 1,024 pixels of the Library of Congress reference image, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the embedded metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A black-and-white photograph of a tall stone mill beside a curving dirt road. The mill has three stories and an attic under a steep roof, rows of small square windows in its gable end, a raised doorway with a small wooden stoop, and a low dark arched opening at the base. Its long side wall, turned toward the left, is paler than the gable, a chimney rises at the far end of the roof, and a low shed stands against the right side. At left, a white board fence with a gate runs along the road toward a two-story frame house with a porch, and trees stand in front of a wooded hill.

Burwell Mill at Millwood, Historic American Buildings Survey photograph

The Burwell Mill at Millwood, in a Historic American Buildings Survey photograph.

Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS VA-354. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS VA,22-MILWO,1-& 2-.

Rights and changes

Public domain as a work made for the U.S. Government. The Library of Congress rights statement for the Historic American Buildings Survey says the survey's photographs were created for the U.S. Government and are considered to be in the public domain, and that material from another source is marked by a line crediting that source. The item record, read on September 14, 2026, gives the advisory "No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government" and shows no such line. License Changes: The black film border and the number 329 written in it were cut away, keeping only the photograph inside the border: the rectangle from x 53 to 986 and y 48 to 595 of the Library's 1,024 by 643 pixel reference image, kept at those 933 by 547 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched or added.

A detail of a hand-colored fire insurance map. At its center is a block tinted pink, the Sanborn color for brick, lettered HAWTHORNE B'L'D'G along its top edge and divided into sections marked 2B, 2, MEDICAL SCHOOL and CLINIC, with the numbers 352 and 35 beside it. To its right are a smaller pink building crossed by an X and marked AUTO REPAIR'G and CEM'T FL., and two small yellow sheds marked AUTO. Above it stand a blue building marked D. and TEA HO., yellow outbuildings and a small yellow Gift Shop. Dashed lines marked 6" W. PIPE and 8" W. PIPE run through the open ground, lot numbers run along the frontages, and the street name N. BUCKMARSH is printed at lower right.

Hawthorne Building on the Berryville Sanborn map, March 1921

Hawthorne Building footprint labeled on Sanborn Fire Insurance sheet, Berryville, March 1921. Marked MEDICAL SCHOOL and CLINIC in this survey.

Sanborn Map Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, March 1921, sheet 2. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Sanborn Maps Collection.

Rights and changes

Public domain. The Library of Congress states that the content of its online Sanborn Maps Collection is in the public domain and is free to use and reuse; read on the item record and on the collection's rights and access page on September 14, 2026. License Changes: A detail cut from the Library of Congress scan of the whole sheet, which is 6,450 by 7,650 pixels: the rectangle from x 2,080 to 4,105 and y 780 to 1,975, kept at those 2,025 by 1,195 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched, recolored or added.

A detail of a hand-colored fire insurance map. A row of buildings tinted pink, the Sanborn color for brick, is lettered BANK OF CLARKE COUNTY at the top, then D. and Gro., and below them the largest, WINSTON HALL, with Gen'l S. beneath the name and a narrow strip marked OPEN 1ST along its right side. Pairs of numbers down the left edge begin 339, 338, 337, 336 and 335. Across the top are more pink buildings marked Barber, Cigars, Impl'ts, Gro., Off. and Ins. Off., with a small yellow ICE CREAM FACTORY and an IMPL'T SHED behind them. The street name N. CHURCH is printed at top right, and a lane lettered ALLEY runs down the right side past part of a brick building marked JAIL.

Winston Hall on the Berryville Sanborn map, March 1921

Winston Hall footprint labeled on Sanborn Fire Insurance sheet, Berryville, March 1921. Marked Gen'l S. in this survey.

Sanborn Map Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Berryville, Clark County, Virginia, March 1921, sheet 2. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Sanborn Maps Collection.

Rights and changes

Public domain. The Library of Congress states that the content of its online Sanborn Maps Collection is in the public domain and is free to use and reuse; read on the item record and on the collection's rights and access page on September 14, 2026. License Changes: A detail cut from the Library of Congress scan of the whole sheet, which is 6,450 by 7,650 pixels: the rectangle from x 2,205 to 3,860 and y 4,176 to 5,386, kept at those 1,655 by 1,210 pixels, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing retouched, recolored or added.

A long one-story white railway station beside a track under a clear blue sky. Its standing-seam metal roof is hipped, with deep eaves, a long dormer holding a row of small windows, a smaller dormer further along and a brick chimney. A projecting bay breaks the front wall, and multi-pane windows alternate with dark doors, some behind folding metal gates. A small sign reading BOYCE hangs under the eaves at the left end. Gravel ballast and rails run across the foreground, wooden utility poles carry wires at left and right, and tall trees in full leaf rise behind the building.

Boyce Station, photographed in 2012

The railway station at Boyce, photographed in September 2012.

Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Acroterion, September 11, 2012. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Rights and changes

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Acroterion. License Changes: Scaled from 4786 by 2502 pixels down to 1600 by 836, converted from the Adobe RGB color profile embedded in the file to sRGB so its colors display as the file defines them, and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A grove of tall ginkgo trees in full yellow autumn leaf, their pale trunks standing in loose rows across a sunlit lawn. Fallen yellow leaves cover the grass under long shadows, and one dark trunk rises close to the camera at center. A wooden bench stands at the right edge, a few people and a dog walk in the distance at right, and patches of blue sky and dark evergreens show through at the far right.

The ginkgo grove at the State Arboretum of Virginia, photographed in 2018

The ginkgo grove at the State Arboretum of Virginia, at Blandy Experimental Farm, in November 2018.

Photograph by Linda M Morgan, November 3, 2018, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Rights and changes

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Linda M Morgan. License Changes: Scaled from 5248 by 2952 pixels down to 1600 by 900 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata, including its location tag, dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A white sign shaped like the front of a house, with a pointed top and a dark border, stands on two black posts against a textured cream stucco wall. Its heading reads THE SCHOOLS OF JOSEPHINE CITY in bold capital letters, and a paragraph of smaller type about the schools' history fills the rest of the sign. At upper left, a multi-pane window reflects the branches of a tree.

Sign outside the former Josephine City School, photographed in 2013

A sign outside the former Josephine City School, photographed in April 2013.

Photograph by Cecouchman, April 26, 2013, via Wikimedia Commons. Licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.

Rights and changes

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. The Wikimedia Commons file page carries the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, with the source given as own work and the author as Cecouchman. License Changes: Scaled from 2971 by 1981 pixels down to 1600 by 1067 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the camera metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added.

A two-story house of pale fieldstone with a red front door stands at the far end of a sloping lawn, framed by tall shade trees and a flagpole. Gray limestone outcrops break through the grass in the foreground, rounded boxwoods sit along the house front, and a plank fence runs off to the left.

The stone farmhouse at 420 Rock Hall Farm Lane

From a real-estate listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its copyright holder is not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled from 1280 pixels wide down to 1200 and re-encoded as JPEG, with the file metadata dropped. Nothing cropped, retouched or added; the Bright MLS mark is kept. The original is preserved unaltered.

The same fieldstone farmhouse seen at an angle past a large lichen-covered rock, showing the two-story main block with its standing-seam metal roof and stone chimney and a lower stone wing to the right, half hidden behind a purple-leaved tree and rounded boxwood shrubs.

Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.

Rights and changes

Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who took the photograph, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. Changes: Scaled for web display from 2048 pixels square down to 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, blurring, retouching or content alteration; the camera original is kept privately, unchanged.

Michael Oak and Jennifer Riley standing together on the covered porch of the log cabin.

Michael Oak and Jennifer Riley on the porch of the log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane

Photograph date unknown.

Photo courtesy of Michael Oak.

Rights and changes

Used with the permission of Michael Oak, who supplied it and approved its release naming both people shown, for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. Changes: Scaled for web display from 1925 pixels wide down to 1200; the source file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No cropping, retouching or content alteration; the supplied file is kept privately, unchanged.

A column of newspaper type announcing a public auction in front of the Court House in Berryville on Wednesday, June 12, 1872, of about 200 acres on the Winchester and Berryville turnpike. Bold lines read “ABOUT 200 ACRES” and “Comfortable Dwelling House,” and a smaller line below continues “an overseer’s house and other improvements” before the terms of sale.

Trustee’s sale notice of the Hardesty home tract in the Clarke Courier of June 6, 1872

Detail of the Library of Congress page scan, unaltered.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 6, 1872, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1872. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: A detail cut from the Library of Congress page scan (IIIF region 1037,5974,887,1124), shown at its own 887 by 1124 pixels: not scaled, and byte for byte the file reproduced as RHF-01 in the accepted Rock Hall evidence PDF. Nothing retouched or added.

A grainy black-and-white aerial view of fields divided by darker lines of trees and hedgerows. A pale track runs down from the upper right to a small cluster of light and dark shapes near the center, and a row of small buildings lines the upper left edge.

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled for web display from 1424 by 949 pixels to 1200 by 800; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged.

The cabin from its back corner: a tall fieldstone chimney on the gable end, a lower shed-roofed addition with board siding, and a covered flagstone patio with a table, chairs and a kettle grill beside a red door.

The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end and the covered back patio

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled for web display from 1509 by 1120 pixels to 1200 by 891; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged.

The cabin at a slight angle across a mulched yard, with a ring of stones around a bed of daffodils and a bird feeder in the foreground, strings of lights overhead and bare woods behind.

The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the front of the cabin beyond a planted bed

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled for web display from 1577 by 1157 pixels to 1200 by 880; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged.

The cabin small in the distance across an open lawn scattered with rock outcrops, framed by tall bare trees under a clear blue sky.

The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the cabin in its setting, seen from across the lawn

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled for web display from 1583 by 1148 pixels to 1200 by 870; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged.

A gravel driveway curving through open ground toward the cabin, which stands at its far end among tall bare trees under a blue sky.

The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the gravel drive to the cabin

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

Image via Redfin / Bright MLS.

Rights and changes

Used with the site owner’s authorization for Our Clarke’s Rock Hall Farm presentation. A real-estate listing photograph distributed by Bright MLS; its photographer and copyright holder are not named, and no license from that holder is recorded. License Changes: Scaled for web display from 1621 by 1146 pixels to 1200 by 848; the saved file’s metadata is kept, with only its image-size fields updated. No further cropping, retouching or content alteration; the Bright MLS mark had already been cropped from the saved file’s bottom edge before it was supplied, and the source is credited instead; the saved file is kept privately, unchanged.

The cabin's chimney end: a tall fieldstone chimney beside a narrow glazed door, the red roof and the front porch turning the corner to the right, and a gravel path at its foot.

The log cabin at 410 Rock Hall Farm Lane in the March 2019 listing: the chimney end, with its glazed door

From the March 2019 listing; photograph date unknown.

August 1930: the dedication of the Clarke County Training School set for Friday, September 5, and the League's thanks for a modern six-teacher brick school. Clarke Courier, August 14, 1930, p. 6.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 14, 1930, page 6. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: The retained JPEG image of 1602 by 499 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 374 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added..

A narrow newspaper column continuing the dedication notice. It invites speakers and well-wishers, recalls Prof. T. C. Walker's visit nearly eight years earlier and the help Mr. Rosenwald was offering if a like sum was raised, names Prof. W. D. Gresham and Dr. J. M. Gandy as speakers, and is signed by the Clarke County Colored Improvement League.

The League's notice of the dedication in the Clarke Courier of August 14, 1930 (continuation)

The notice recalls T. C. Walker's word, nearly eight years before, of the help Mr. Rosenwald was offering if a like sum was raised: "We more than met that requirement."

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 14, 1930, page 6. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (810 by 2290 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 810 and y 0 to 1670, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Dedication of Colored School Friday Evening." It speaks of friendship and help between Black and white citizens, reserves special seats for white friends, names W. D. Gresham and T. C. Walker, Rosenwald Agent, as the morning speakers and Dr. J. M. Gandy for the night, and is signed E. T. Johnson.

The principal's program for the dedication in the Clarke Courier of September 4, 1930

The day before: seats reserved for white friends, Gresham and T. C. Walker, "Rosenwald Agent," in the morning, and Dr. J. M. Gandy at night. Signed E. T. Johnson. Clarke Courier, September 4, 1930, p. 5.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 4, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 823 by 1741 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper column under the headline "Dedicate Negro Training School" and the subhead "New Educational Building in Josephine City Ready for Opening Tomorrow," marked Contributed. It tells of the April 17 groundbreaking, the refused stone and the rock pile, the $375 cost of the digging, a $680 debt for chairs, and the contractor's haste.

The dedication report in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 (first column)

The patrons' own report: the April 17 groundbreaking, "narry rock" and the rock pile, $375 for the digging and a $680 debt for chairs. Clarke Courier, September 11, 1930, p. 5.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 814 by 2769 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A long single newspaper column continuing the dedication report. It thanks the public for an eight-year dream, compares the cornerstone crowd with the free dedication, describes the speakers Graham, Walker and Gandy, has a section headed "The Day Goes Over Big" on the songs and speeches, and ends with an appeal about the rock pile, the unpaid chairs, the bond and a travelling quartet.

The dedication report in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930 (continuation)

The report continued: the speakers, the songs and Dr. Gandy's address, and its closing appeal: "the chairs are unpaid for, and our bond must be met."

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (858 by 6995 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 858 and y 625 to 6995, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 808 by 6000, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A short newspaper item reporting that Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., is confined to her bed with injuries received when she slipped and fell from the platform at the dedication exercises for the new colored school the week before.

Item on a fall at the dedication in the Clarke Courier of September 11, 1930

Mrs. A. Moore, Jr., hurt in a fall from the platform at the dedication. Clarke Courier, September 11, 1930, p. 8.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 11, 1930, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (849 by 2512 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 849 and y 1780 to 2060, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A short passage of newspaper type giving the opening enrollment at the Boyce Agricultural High School and in the one-room rural schools, and ending with the enrollment of colored youths in all schools of the county, 350.

Opening enrollments in the Clarke Courier of September 18, 1930

September 1930: the enrollment of Black pupils in all the county's schools totals 350. Clarke Courier, September 18, 1930, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 18, 1930, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 795 by 340 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A paragraph of newspaper type on December attendance in the county's colored schools: 93.8 per cent in all, with figures for Louisville, Millwood, the Clarke County Training School at 95.4 per cent, Stonebridge, Boyce, White Post and Bristol.

December attendance in the colored schools, Clarke Courier, January 15, 1931

December 1930 attendance: 93.8 per cent in the county's Black schools, 95.4 per cent at the Training School. Clarke Courier, January 15, 1931, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 15, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 784 by 595 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Operetta to Benefit New Colored School": fifty pupils of the Sumner High School of Martinsburg are to present "In India" with their orchestra in the new school's auditorium in Josephine City, at 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children.

Announcement of a benefit operetta in the Clarke Courier of November 13, 1930

November 1930: pupils of Sumner High School, Martinsburg, to present "In India" in the new auditorium for the school's benefit. Clarke Courier, November 13, 1930, p. 4.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 13, 1930, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1930, and U.S. works published before 1931 are in the public domain. Shown from the Library of Congress page image. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (827 by 1876 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 827 and y 1120 to 1876, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper column headed "Training School Finals Held Monday Night." It reports the June 1 commencement in the Training School auditorium with its speaker and invocation, lists the high-school graduates and the elementary pupils by school, reports a successful session, and begins a list of the county's colored teachers.

Report of the Training School's 1931 commencement in the Clarke Courier of June 4, 1931

June 1, 1931: the commencement in the Training School auditorium, and a most successful session. Clarke Courier, June 4, 1931, p. 5.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 4, 1931, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 830 by 2253 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A single newspaper paragraph urging readers to boost the Berryville Training School pageant of May 15, crediting the school's supporters for the modern building and equipment, and saying the proceeds go to curtailment of the building debt assumed by the School League.

Paragraph on the building debt assumed by the School League, Clarke Courier, April 30, 1931

April 1931: the pageant's proceeds go to curtailment of the building debt assumed by the School League. Clarke Courier, April 30, 1931, p. 4.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 30, 1931, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper item headed "Training School to Hold Seventh Annual Page'nt": the May 15, 1931 pageant, the financial obligation assumed by the Clarke County School League, the open-air production "The Conflict," five hundred "My Dollar" envelopes, and the committee of E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton and Annie Banks.

Announcement of the seventh annual pageant in the Clarke Courier of April 23, 1931

April 1931: "The Conflict," five hundred "My Dollar" envelopes, and the League's financial obligation. Signed E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton and Annie Banks. Clarke Courier, April 23, 1931, p. 4.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 23, 1931, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A long newspaper column headed "Fall Festival October 23rd," for the Training School Building Debt Fund. A letter to friends about hard times is followed by the pledge of $500.00 a year to the School Board toward the school's upkeep and the ticket cut to 50 cents, signed by E. T. Johnson and Alma Layton for the County School League.

The League's Fall Festival appeal for the Building Debt Fund, Clarke Courier, October 8, 1931

October 1931: the $500.00 a year pledged to the School Board, and a festival ticket cut to 50 cents "owing to the 'depression cry'." Clarke Courier, October 8, 1931, p. 5.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 8, 1931, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper item headed "Training School to Give Pageant May 25": the annual pageant announced by E. T. Johnson, principal, as the yearly event to raise the $500 pledge toward the support of the school, with the students' entries in several named contests. A drug-store advertising line runs at the foot.

Announcement of the 1934 pageant in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1934

April 1934: the pageant as the yearly event to raise the $500 pledge toward the support of the Training School. Clarke Courier, April 26, 1934, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1934, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A short newspaper item headed "Clarke Improvement League to Hold Session": the League of the Clarke County Training School will meet on Monday night, September 16, and holds monthly meetings to plan the payment of debts on the school building and school bus.

Notice of the League's meeting in the Clarke Courier of September 12, 1935

September 1935: monthly meetings to plan the payment of debts on the school building and school bus. Clarke Courier, September 12, 1935, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 12, 1935, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper column headed "Dr. W. T. B. Williams Succumbs March 26" with the subhead "Colored Native of Clarke County Was Vice-President of Tuskegee Institute." It gives his birth at Stone Bridge in 1869 and his schooling, and says few in the county knew him as Taylor Williams of Millwood.

Report of Dr. W. T. B. Williams's death in the Clarke Courier of April 3, 1941

April 1941: Dr. W. T. B. Williams, vice-president of Tuskegee, a native of Stone Bridge, known at home as Taylor Williams of Millwood. Clarke Courier, April 3, 1941, p. 4.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 3, 1941, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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The next newspaper column of the Williams tribute: his title to his boyhood home, his years at Hampton Institute and Tuskegee, his report on Negro education in Virginia for the legislature's commission, a remark by Col. Robert T. Barton, and the closing initials W. A. B.

The local tribute to Dr. Williams in the Clarke Courier of April 3, 1941 (continuation)

The tribute continues: the house he still owned, Hampton and Tuskegee, and his report on Negro education in Virginia. Initialled W. A. B.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 3, 1941, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper item headed "Training School to Dedicate New Shop": the shop is to be dedicated on Sunday, November 16, to "National Defense," with the program's speakers, the school's new name, the W. T. B. Williams Training School, and its growth to a value of $45,000.

Announcement of the new shop's dedication in the Clarke Courier of November 13, 1941

November 1941: the shop to be dedicated to "National Defense," and the school renamed the W. T. B. Williams Training School. Clarke Courier, November 13, 1941, p. 11.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 13, 1941, page 11. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper item headed "Colored Schools to Stage Pageants": the May 31 pageants in the W. T. B. Williams Training School auditorium and a statement by the Rev. E. T. Johnson listing each school's presentation and bidding farewell to the pageants before he leaves the school system in June.

Announcement of the 1944 pageants with the principal's statement, Clarke Courier, May 25, 1944

May 1944: six pageants, and farewell to "the last sacrificial effort through pageants." Clarke Courier, May 25, 1944, p. 4.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 25, 1944, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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One paragraph of a newspaper obituary: the Rev. Johnson was the son of the Rev. C. C. Johnson and Kate Ann Brown Johnson of Blackstone, was born in Brunswick county, Va., on August 19, 1873, and was educated in the church schools of that county.

Obituary of the Rev. E. T. Johnson, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945 (his birth)

The obituary's paragraph on his birth in Brunswick County, Va., on August 19, 1873. Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945, p. 10.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 10. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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The first column of a letter beginning "Editor, The Courier, Sir:" about the Rev. E. T. Johnson. It says the paper's notice reviewed his positions but reached no conclusion on his influence, and sets him beside Booker T. Washington and William Taylor Burwell Williams.

Letter on the Rev. E. T. Johnson in the Clarke Courier of December 13, 1945 (first column)

December 1945: a letter to the editor on Johnson's influence, set beside Booker T. Washington and William Taylor Burwell Williams. Clarke Courier, December 13, 1945, p. 8.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 13, 1945, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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The second column of the letter: Johnson's influence seen in his pupils at the school's public occasions, his preaching, and the debt owed to his memory as a guide and counsellor to his people, signed W. A. Bradford.

Letter on the Rev. E. T. Johnson in the Clarke Courier of December 13, 1945 (continuation)

The letter continues: his influence seen at the school's public occasions, and "a guide and counsellor to his people." Signed W. A. Bradford.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 13, 1945, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

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A newspaper item headed "Observation Post At White Post Sold." It reports that the post was sold to W. R. Thompson for $150 and moved to his adjoining property, notes that a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction, and says the proceeds go to the County Nurse Association; a last paragraph says the heating stove will be auctioned later.

The White Post observation post sold, Clarke Courier, August 2, 1945

The White Post observation post is sold for $150 and moved next door; the item notes that a similar building at Boyce sold for $71 at public auction.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 2, 1945, page 15. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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A narrow newspaper column beginning "Dear Dan: I'll probably have to write this in spurts." The writer describes listening for airplanes on duty at the air spotter post, the out-of-date magazines, a new lamp shade he thinks was a gift from Mrs. Ernest Locke, the fire gone out, and a red pair of dice on the table.

A "Dear Dan" letter from the air spotter post, Clarke Courier, April 8, 1943

The "Dear Dan" columnist writes from a quiet night on duty at the air spotter post: no planes, old magazines, a new lamp shade and a red pair of dice.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 8, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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A newspaper editorial page under the masthead "The Clarke Courier," dated Thursday, January 21, 1943. Below an editorial on the plight of the farmer, the editorial "Spotting Airplanes" begins at the foot of the left column and continues at the top of the right column; letters to the editor and an obituary fill the lower right.

The editorial "Spotting Airplanes," Clarke Courier, January 21, 1943

The Courier's editorial page of January 21, 1943: "Spotting Airplanes," at the foot of the first column and continuing at the head of the second, says the Berryville post cannot fill its shifts.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 21, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained JPEG image of 4010 by 5902 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 1766 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added..

A short newspaper item headed "Boyce Plans Bingo And Fun Festival." It says a bingo and fun festival will be held in the Boyce High School on Friday night, February 5, for the benefit of the spotter post in Boyce, to wipe out the debt on the post, which contributions did not fully cover.

A bingo and fun festival for the Boyce spotter post, Clarke Courier, February 4, 1943

Boyce plans a bingo and fun festival at the high school to pay off what is still owed on its spotter post.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 4, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1070 by 2458 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1070 and y 1010 to 1830, which leaves out an American Legion item above it and a Minute Men notice below it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page newspaper article headed "Aircraft Warning Service Begins New Classes," with the subhead "Spotters To Train To Identify Various Types Of Planes; Awning Needed At Post." It names Mrs. Eddy F. Joyce as the instructor, trained in Baltimore, reports Edwin C. Parker on reporting planes by type and name, and asks for contributions toward an awning costing about $30.

Aircraft-recognition classes begin, Clarke Courier, March 25, 1943

Spotters begin training to identify planes by type; the district director explains why, and the post asks for about $30 for a summer awning.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 25, 1943, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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A newspaper item headed "Class Of 10 Spotters Complete Course Here." It says a class of ten spotters at the Berryville post completed classes conducted by Mrs. Hilda L. Joyce, trained in Baltimore, lists the ten by name, and reports classes planned at White Post and under way at Boyce.

A class of ten spotters completes the course, Clarke Courier, April 22, 1943

Ten Berryville spotters complete the aircraft-recognition course; classes are planned or under way at White Post and Boyce.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 22, 1943, page 15. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1041 by 1905 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1041 and y 0 to 1500, which leaves out a war-bond slogan below it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Rummage Sale To Benefit Spotter Post." It announces a rummage sale in the old postoffice building in Berryville on Saturday, May 29, for the Observation Post on Rosemont Circle, and asks people unable to spot planes to send a contribution or article.

A rummage sale for the spotter post, Clarke Courier, May 13, 1943

The Berryville post announces a rummage sale in the old post office building and asks those who cannot spot planes to send articles.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 13, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1059 by 1389 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper local column headed "Berryville," "Continued from Page Two." A paragraph reports that the rummage sale held on Saturday for the plane spotting post in Berryville made a profit of over $75.00, nearly $100 with contributions, and that Mrs. Ralph N. Dorsey and Mrs. Harry Warden were in charge.

The rummage sale's result, Clarke Courier, June 3, 1943

The rummage sale for the plane spotting post clears more than $75; with contributions, nearly $100.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 3, 1943, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1078 by 1860 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1078 and y 0 to 955, which leaves out the column's later paragraphs on other local news, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper editorial headed "Doing All You Can, Brother?" beneath the lower part of the masthead box, dated Thursday, June 10, 1943. It says the air spotter post and the Red Cross room are both falling behind, that fewer than 56 of Berryville's 1,200 people will give three hours weekly, and it ends by asking whether readers are doing all they can.

The editorial "Doing All You Can, Brother?," Clarke Courier, June 10, 1943

The Courier's editorial of June 10, 1943 calls it "a crying shame" that fewer than 56 of Berryville's 1,200 people will give three hours a week to the post.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 10, 1943, page 8. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained JPEG image of 2041 by 3737 pixels, scaled to 1200 by 2197 and re-encoded as JPEG for the web. Nothing retouched or added..

The closing part of a newspaper column of short local notes separated by dots. One note says many of the county's citizenry are sporting wings on their lapels, received through the mails, signifying that they were observers in the Air Warning Service; others mention a card from Rev. Ed Vaughan, a touch of the flu and war bonds.

Observers' wings in the "Dear Dan" column, Clarke Courier, October 14, 1943

The "Dear Dan" letter notes that many people around the county are wearing observers' wings received by mail, among news of the flu, a card from away and war bonds.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 14, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1082 by 1884 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page newspaper article headed "County Farm Group Begins Study Of Labor Problems," subhead "For Harvest Seasons This Summer And Autumn." It reports that war prisoners would not be available for the county and lists the Woman's Land Army, high school boys, vacationists from Washington, contract labor and convict labor, ending with a note that it continues on page sixteen.

The county begins planning for harvest labor, Clarke Courier, April 13, 1944

The county agriculture committee begins planning for the 1944 harvest and learns that war prisoners will not be available.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 13, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1162 by 2907 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

Two columns of small newspaper type from the county agent's report. They describe the June hearing on prevailing wages, boys from Arlington and Washington, school children and college girls, Bahaman workers housed in Frederick County, State Road convicts cutting corn, 103 Kentuckians and 118 Jamaicans at the Castleman Ferry Camp, and German war prisoners in a packing shed, ending with a line that the report continues on page eleven.

The county agent's report on farm labor in 1944, Clarke Courier, January 18, 1945

The county agent's report for 1944, as the Courier printed it: wages, boys and school children, Bahaman and Jamaican workers, State Road convicts and German war prisoners, in the report's own words.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 18, 1945, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (3078 by 5982 pixels): the rectangle from x 1040 to 3078 and y 60 to 4795, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, scaled to 1200 by 2788, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

One column of newspaper type continuing the county agent's report. It says the school board agreed to only 20 days, then let approved children remain out until October 31 with every child in school on November 1, that 169 children were approved of over two hundred investigated, and that farmers thanked the convicts and others who helped.

The county agent's report continued: children let out of school for the harvest, Clarke Courier, January 18, 1945

The report's continuation: the school board allowed 20 days, then let approved children stay out until October 31; 169 were approved of more than two hundred investigated.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 18, 1945, page 11. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2104 by 4426 pixels): the rectangle from x 1050 to 2040 and y 56 to 1563, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe." It reports that Ralph Pope, missing since May 7, 1942, was at Manila, and names his brothers Janey Lee in England and Robert Edward abroad, Garland Iden, 18, eligible for service, and a sister, Eva Corinne, 16, eager to join the WAACs.

"Mother Believes Son Missing Is Safe," Clarke Courier, February 4, 1943

February 1943: Mrs. Pope believes her son Ralph, missing since May 7, 1942, is safe; two more sons serve overseas, a fourth is eligible and a daughter hopes to join the WAACs.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 4, 1943, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1091 by 1922 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A short newspaper item whose headline names Sergeant Ralph Pope as a prisoner of the Japanese. It reports War Department word, received through the International Red Cross, that he is a prisoner of war, taken in the Philippine Island campaign and first reported missing as of May 7, 1942.

Ralph Pope reported a prisoner of the Japanese, Clarke Courier, May 27, 1943

May 1943: the War Department, through the International Red Cross, reports Technical Sergeant Ralph W. Pope a prisoner of war of the Japanese.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 27, 1943, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

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Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1075 by 1590 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item from a column of service news. It reports that Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope have received their first word direct from their son, Tech. Sergt. Ralph W. Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese: a form card saying he is interned, his health is good, and he is uninjured and well.

The first card from Ralph Pope, Clarke Courier, August 26, 1943

August 1943, from the paper's service-news column: the Popes' first card direct from their son, a prisoner of the Japanese in the Philippines.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 26, 1943, page 13. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1126 by 4371 pixels): the rectangle from x 110 to 1080 and y 1115 to 2080, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy." It reports that Carl Herbert Pope enlisted in the U.S. Navy and was sent to Bainbridge, Maryland, that three older brothers are Army sergeants overseas, and that he was born July 30, 1926 and worked in the post office.

"Fourth Pope Boy Enlists In Navy," Clarke Courier, November 4, 1943

Carl Herbert Pope enlists in the Navy on the last Saturday of October 1943, the fourth Pope son in service; he had been working in the post office.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 4, 1943, page 12. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1943; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1030 by 2318 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item whose headline says a mother believes her son, a prisoner of the Japanese, is all right. It reports that Mrs. Fred H. Pope of near Berryville feels Sergeant Ralph W. Pope is all right despite the Army-Navy atrocity report, and that his cards speak of good treatment.

Mrs. Pope believes her son is all right, Clarke Courier, February 3, 1944

February 1944: despite the reports of atrocities against prisoners, Mrs. Fred H. Pope says she feels her son is all right.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 3, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1123 by 1533 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan." It prints a War Department wire quoting an intercepted Japanese propaganda broadcast in which Ralph tells his mother he is getting along fine and is now in Japan.

"Sergt. Ralph Pope Prisoner In Japan," Clarke Courier, November 16, 1944

November 1944: the War Department wires the Popes the text of an intercepted Japanese propaganda broadcast from their son, now in Japan.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 16, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1121 by 1635 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page newspaper item headed "Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany," with subheads calling him the first Clarke County fatality of the war and noting a brother held prisoner. It gives his death on December 19, his visit to his brother Robert in France, and the family he left.

"Sgt. Janey L. Pope Killed In Action In Germany," Clarke Courier, December 28, 1944

December 1944: Staff Sergeant Janey Lee Pope is killed in action in Germany; so far as the paper could learn, the first Clarke County soldier killed in the war.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 28, 1944, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1944; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1058 by 3239 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page newspaper item headed "Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System." It reports that Staff Sergeant Robert Pope was discharged May 21 after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, with 112 points, and gives news of his brothers.

"Sgt. Pope First County Dischargee Under Point System," Clarke Courier, May 31, 1945

May 1945: Staff Sergeant Robert Pope, discharged after 26 months overseas and six campaigns, one of the first Clarke soldiers, if not the first, released under the point system.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 31, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1096 by 2948 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper item headed "Berryville Goes Wild For An Hour Or So Before Report Is Denied." It reports that the town blew the fire siren, rang the fire bell and paraded the fire truck through the streets, and that the V-E Day committee considered a service at Main and Church Streets but withheld its plans.

The false surrender report, Clarke Courier, May 3, 1945

Berryville celebrates a false report of Germany's surrender for an hour or so, and the V-E Day committee holds back its plans.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 3, 1945, page 5. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1095 by 2262 pixels): the rectangle from x 60 to 1010 and y 0 to 2180, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

The opening paragraph of the "Dear Dan" letter column, beneath the edge of the column's drawn heading. It says Berryville's V-E Day was a tame affair compared with the false surrender celebration, and that people stood by the radio, rang church bells and the siren, closed the stores and went to church.

V-E Day in the "Dear Dan" letter, Clarke Courier, May 10, 1945

The "Dear Dan" letter calls V-E Day in Berryville a tame affair: the radio, the President's proclamation, church bells and the siren, closed stores and church.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 10, 1945, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1086 by 1349 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

One column of a front-page report under the subhead "County In Hilarious and Sober Mood As News Is Flashed Over Radio; Holiday Observed." It describes the news arriving by radio, people shouting in the streets, the community service at the Berryville Baptist Church and bonfires fed by boys and girls, ending with a note that it continues on page nine.

The county hears of Japan's surrender, Clarke Courier, August 16, 1945

The county report of V-J night: the radio at seven o'clock, sirens, bells and horns, packed churches, a community service and bonfires at the four corners.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2096 by 3824 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1055 and y 510 to 3824, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A short front-page item headed "Sgt. Pope, Jap Captive, Expected To Be Freed." Two paragraphs say Sergt. Ralph Pope will be or has been liberated, it is believed, and that he is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. Pope of Berryville.

Ralph Pope expected to be freed, Clarke Courier, August 16, 1945

On the V-J front page: Sergt. Ralph Pope, a captive since the fall of the Philippines, will be or has already been liberated, it is believed.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1125 by 1741 pixels): the rectangle from x 80 to 1125 and y 0 to 985, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page item headed "During Ten Visits Here, Mobile Unit Collected 1,425 Pints Of Blood." It prints a telegram from Red Cross national headquarters, received by Mrs. Ralph Dorsey, ordering blood procurement discontinued after the Japanese surrender, and ends with a note that it continues on page nine.

The blood program ends, Clarke Courier, August 23, 1945

A telegram to the county's Red Cross blood donor chairman ends blood collections; the headline gives 1,425 pints in ten visits.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 23, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1083 by 2887 pixels): the rectangle from x 65 to 1045 and y 0 to 1590, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A narrow newspaper column. An editor's note in parentheses says Dan Morrison, written to weekly for over three years, is home on furlough; below it a letter begins "Dear Ralph Pope" and goes on about canned goods off ration points, the speed limit raised from 35 to 50, and cigarettes.

The letter turns to Ralph Pope, Clarke Courier, August 23, 1945

An editor's note says Dan Morrison is home on furlough; that week's letter is addressed to Ralph Pope.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 23, 1945, page 16. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1107 by 3420 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1015 and y 0 to 3285, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A front-page article headed "Sergt. Ralph Pope Liberated From Japanese Camp" with the subhead "Berryville Soldier Now In Manila Awaiting Transportation Home." It prints his cable home and says little is known of his rescue, ending with a note that it continues on page sixteen.

Ralph Pope liberated, Clarke Courier, October 4, 1945

A cable from Manila tells the Popes their son has been liberated; the paper notes the family had only five prisoner-of-war postcards and one letter in all.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 4, 1945, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1128 by 4136 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1035 and y 0 to 2470, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A single paragraph of newspaper type saying Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pope have with them their son, Sergt. Ralph Pope, a prisoner of the Japanese since 1942, who had been at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton and arrived in Clarke on Saturday night.

Ralph Pope home in Clarke, Clarke Courier, November 22, 1945

A local item: after Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Staunton, Sergt. Ralph Pope arrived in Clarke on Saturday night.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), November 22, 1945, page 2. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (1083 by 1764 pixels): the rectangle from x 70 to 1003 and y 275 to 870, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A long single-column article headed "Sgt. Pope Relates Beatings By Japs As War Prisoner," with the subhead "Berryville Soldier Was Captured At Corregidor And Held For 40 Months." It follows his capture, his work driving a bus and trucks, the 1,025 men in a ship's hold and the Hanawa copper mine, ending with a note that it continues on page eighteen.

Ralph Pope's account, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945

Ralph Pope tells the Courier of 40 months as a prisoner; the paper notes that some of what he told could not be printed.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 1099 by 5938 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

The continuation of a newspaper article headed "Sgt. Pope, Continued from Page Three." It quotes him on being beaten by guards, knocked out and having his arm broken with no medical attention, and says he was down to 95 pounds when liberated.

Ralph Pope's account continued, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945

The continuation of Pope's account: the beating that broke his arm, no medical care, and his weight of 95 pounds when he was freed.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 18. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2035 by 6051 pixels): the rectangle from x 0 to 1025 and y 4390 to 6051, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

The top of a newspaper column finishing Ralph Pope's account: American planes dropped food until September 16, he sailed to Manila, Seattle and Staunton, and he has three months' leave before he will re-enlist. Below is the headline "Twenty County Men Receive Discharges" and its first paragraph.

Food drops, leave and discharges, Clarke Courier, December 20, 1945

The end of Pope's account: food drops from August 25, his leave from January 7 and his plan to re-enlist; below, twenty county men are discharged.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), December 20, 1945, page 18. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Dear Dan: Clarke's home front, 1943–1945

Rights and changes

Published in 1945; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. Shown as visual evidence under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: A detail of the retained region crop of the Library of Congress page image (2035 by 6051 pixels): the rectangle from x 1054 to 2035 and y 109 to 1305, which leaves out the unrelated items around it, not scaled, and re-encoded as JPEG. The whole page is at the source link. Nothing retouched or added..

A newspaper column headed "Teachers for 1931-'32 Chosen" and "School Board Announces Roster Of Teachers Elected For All Clarke Schools." It says the School Board has named fifty-four teachers for the 1931-'32 session and that the colored schools of the county have thirteen teachers, six of whom compose the faculty of the Clarke County Training School.

The School Board's teacher list for 1931-'32 in the Clarke Courier of June 11, 1931 (opening)

June 11, 1931: "Teachers for 1931-'32 Chosen". The colored schools had thirteen teachers, six of them the Training School's faculty. Clarke Courier, June 11, 1931, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 11, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 800 by 1215 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

Part of the same list, under "Teachers in the colored schools of the county": Clarke County Training School, E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson; Morgan Edwards, Agricultural Instructor; then the teachers for Louisville and the county's other schools.

The School Board's teacher list for 1931-'32 in the Clarke Courier of June 11, 1931 (the colored schools)

The same list: the Clarke County Training School's E. T. Johnson, Alma Layton, Sallie Lewis, Fannie Jenkins and Florine Johnson, and Morgan Edwards, agricultural instructor. Clarke Courier, June 11, 1931, p. 1.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 11, 1931, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Clarke County Training School: opening day and the debt that followed

Rights and changes

Shown under the site owner's direction of September 26, 2026 that every source item a story uses be documented with its image and source URL. Published in 1931; its copyright status has not been established, and it is not labeled public domain here. No license from a rights holder is recorded. License Changes: The retained file itself, shown at its own 815 by 585 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded. Nothing retouched or added..

A stylized outline of Clarke County containing a white pavilion labeled “Home of the Clarke County Fair,” with a tree, mountains and a Ferris wheel behind it. In front, a boy leads a black steer, a girl leads a horse, another girl leads a pig, past the pavilion. A Ruritan National seal shines above the roofline. Below, “Clarke County Fair” in large letters, with the Boy Scouts, FFA and 4-H emblems beneath.

Illustration for the Clarke County Fair, by Michael Oak

A contemporary illustration made for the fair, not a historical photograph or a survey of the grounds. Its pavilion, county outline, animals, Ferris wheel and organizational emblems (Ruritan National, Scouts, FFA, 4-H) are design elements; none of them shows the fairgrounds as they have actually looked in any particular year, and their presence is not an endorsement by, or a license from, those organizations.

Illustration supplied by Michael Oak.

In the story The Clarke County Fair and its grounds

Rights and changes

Shown with the authorization of Michael Oak, who supplied the artwork on September 27, 2026 and stated he created it and owns all rights to it. No independent copyright clearance is recorded for the third-party organizational emblems reproduced within the composite; treat them as part of the supplied illustration, not as separately licensed marks. Changes: Scaled from 1667 by 2000 pixels down to 1334 by 1600 and re-encoded as JPEG. Nothing cropped, retouched or added..

A crop of a nineteenth-century newspaper column. It reads: “From this Battlespring the name of Battletown was given to the neighboring village, and don't you think that it ought to have kept that name? The rough and tumble, but comparatively harmless, battles around that old spring served to toughen the sinews of Morgan and the riflemen who followed him, for the endurance of the hardships of other battles, upon the issue of which hung the world's hopes of civi[lization]—”, continuing off the bottom edge of the crop.

The naming sentence: "From this Battlespring the name of Battletown was given," Clarke Courier, March 22, 1883

An 1883 printed explanation of the name, not a contemporary witness to the town's eighteenth-century origin and not a depiction of Daniel Morgan or the spring itself. Writing under the pen name "Tramp" for the Leesburg Mirror, reprinted here, the correspondent gives Battle Spring's rough-and-tumble reputation as his reason the neighboring village was called Battletown, and says he wished the name had been kept.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 22, 1883, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Why Battletown?

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published March 22, 1883, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program. License Changes: The 'naming sentence' detail already prepared and hash-verified for this story's September 23, 2026 source check, from the Library of Congress page image's own IIIF service. Served at its own 780 by 560 pixels: not scaled, not re-encoded, and no file metadata added. Nothing retouched or added..

A detail of a printed page listing appropriations by name, five lines. It names James H. Kennan of Clarke County for two hundred and thirty-seven dollars; Saint Clair D. Kirtley and Francis W. Kirtley of Rockingham County for nine hundred and ninety-six dollars; Mary F. Lewis of Clarke County for one thousand and two dollars; Jacob H. Lindsey of Rockingham County for nine hundred and seventy-one dollars; and John Mulholland, Peter Mulholland, and Patrick Mulholland of Fairfax County for six hundred and thirty dollars.

The Virginia appropriations list, naming Mary F. Lewis, Act of March 3, 1899

Detail of the 1899 act's entry for Mary F. Lewis of Clarke County: "one thousand and two dollars." This records an appropriation, not evidence that the Treasury paid it.

United States Congress, Act of March 3, 1899, ch. 426, 30 Stat. 1185. Digital reproduction via govinfo, U.S. Government Publishing Office.

In the story Mary F. Lewis’s Civil War property claim

Rights and changes

Public domain: a United States statute printed in 1899 (S455). This item-level basis covers this page image; it does not extend a public-domain status to any other item in the accepted evidence packet. License Changes: Extracted losslessly (its own embedded PNG image, byte for byte) from packet page 7 of the accepted Locust Grove evidence packet, itself a 200 dpi render of the rectangle (60,238) to (468,322) in PDF points on the source PDF's page 25 (packet page 6 reproduces that full source page). Not scaled, cropped again, sharpened, recolored or reconstructed; re-encoded as JPEG for the web derivative only..

A newspaper clipping headlined "Warden is Partner in Orchard Purchase." It reports that Ashby Sprint of Winchester and Harry C. Warden of Clarke County had concluded negotiations for the property of Logan Shutt near Kabletown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, and were taking possession at once: 600 acres, about 250 of them in apple orchard, a large packing house on the farm, and a crop of 20,000 barrels of apples expected that year. It adds that the packing house had often turned out 1,000 barrels of packed apples a day, "it was said", that there were also five dwelling houses on the place, and that Mr. Shutt had farmed and grown fruit in Jefferson County for many years before moving to Florida five or six years earlier.

"Warden is Partner in Orchard Purchase", Clarke Courier, July 26, 1928

The Courier reported Ashby Sprint and Harry C. Warden's acquisition near Kabletown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, in July 1928. This is not the Bellview farm.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), July 26, 1928, page 4. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Bellview and the Sprints

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1928, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program. License Changes: The complete clipping, its own native JPEG stream, extracted byte for byte from packet page 5 of the accepted Sprint/Bellview evidence packet: not scaled, not re-cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR'd, recolored or reconstructed. The retained original is exactly the packet's own embedded image bytes; the served file is re-encoded as JPEG only for the web derivative..

A newspaper item headed "No Arrest." It reports that Constable Fryer went a few days earlier to Madison county, the former residence of the man the item names Pinkey, who was reported to have killed "Alec, (or Elliott) Cary," for the purpose of arresting him on a report that he was there; that the report turned out to be false; and that the people of his old neighborhood had only heard of the killing a few days before the constable's arrival. Fragments of neighboring newspaper items are visible above, below and to the right of it.

"No Arrest", Clarke Courier, October 27, 1869

The Courier's "No Arrest" item reported an unsuccessful attempt to find Pinkey and printed the dead man's name as "Alec, (or Elliott) Cary." Clarke Courier, October 27, 1869, p. 3.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), October 27, 1869, page 3. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

In the story Alec Cary: a killing on the turnpike

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1869, before 1929, served by the Library of Congress in the National Digital Newspaper Program. License Changes: Retrieved unchanged from the accepted historical Git blob (research/publication-prep/cary-followup-2026-09-24/captures/cc-1869-10-27-p3-no-arrest.jpg at commit 544c61f9, integrated by PR #589), itself the Library of Congress page-image region x=100, y=5220, width=820, height=580 of a 5268 by 7640 pixel scan: not scaled, not re-cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR'd, recolored, censored or reconstructed. Re-encoded as JPEG only for the web derivative..

A black-and-white photograph of the Old Chapel, a small stone church with a gabled roof and arched windows, set among trees.

The Old Chapel, photographed by T. W. Whitaker, 1906

The Old Chapel, photographed in 1906 by T. W. Whitaker of Berryville.

T. W. Whitaker, Berryville, Va., 1906, in Charles Randolph Hughes, "Old Chapel," Clarke County, Virginia (1906), frontispiece.

In the story Who the Old Chapel remembers

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1906 in the United States (S427), well outside any copyright term. License Changes: Cropped from the book’s own frontispiece page (PDF p. 4) to the photograph alone, then scaled down to 1600 pixels wide for the web derivative; not retouched, recolored or reconstructed otherwise..

A printed cemetery-record page carrying two entries: Evelyn Williams, called "Mammy Evelyn," the faithful servant and devoted nurse of all the children at "The Briars," died November 12, 1882, aged 83; and Charles Jackson, butler for Dr. Robert C. Randolph at "New Market," one of the old faithful servants, died April 1883.

Evelyn Williams and Charles Jackson entries, Old Chapel cemetery record, 1906

Two entries from the Old Chapel cemetery record, 1906.

Charles Randolph Hughes, "Old Chapel," Clarke County, Virginia (1906), p. 58.

In the story Who the Old Chapel remembers

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1906 in the United States (S427), well outside any copyright term. License Changes: The complete printed page: not scaled (already narrower than the web derivative’s width limit), not cropped, retouched, enhanced, OCR’d or reconstructed. Re-encoded as JPEG for the web derivative..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading Moore, William; Sergeant, promoted to lieutenancy in the Company, died of wounds received in action at Five Forks, Va., April 2, 1865.

Gold 1914, p. 241: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Moore entry

The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 241: the entry for William Moore, sergeant, promoted to lieutenant, who died of wounds received at Five Forks, Virginia, on April 2, 1865.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 241.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 0,666 1367x584 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the heading CHAPTER XXV, THE CLARKE CAVALRY and the opening paragraphs, with the sentence that the troop was not composed wholly of residents of Clarke County.

Gold 1914, p. 238: opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry

The opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 238, including the sentences on who made up the troop.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 238.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 100,380 1150x1620 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the last officers of the Clarke Cavalry roll, including R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., and the heading ENLISTED MEN followed by the first names on the list.

Gold 1914, p. 240: end of the officers and the heading ENLISTED MEN

The end of the officers' list and the heading ENLISTED MEN of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240. The second lieutenant listed is R. O. Allen.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

Gold 1914, p. 240: end of the officers and the heading ENLISTED MEN

The end of the officers' list and the heading ENLISTED MEN of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240. The second lieutenant listed is R. O. Allen.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 130,130 1150x998 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the last entries of a roll and the closing sentence that the foregoing embraces the names of all enlistments in the Clarke Cavalry, including those that enlisted during the war.

Gold 1914, p. 246: end of the Clarke Cavalry roll

The end of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 246, with the closing note that the roll embraces the names of all enlistments in the troop.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 246.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 130,1198 1150x450 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a two-line printed caption naming D. T. Richards, Captain, Clarke Cavalry, Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel, Sixth Virginia Cavalry.

Gold 1914, unnumbered plate between pp. 238 and 239: plate caption, Captain D. T. Richards

The caption under the portrait of Captain D. T. Richards, Clarke Cavalry (Company D, Sixth Virginia Cavalry), on an unnumbered plate between printed pp. 238 and 239 of Gold's history (1914).

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), unnumbered plate between pp. 238 and 239.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 40,1790 1260x190 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading Topper, Pius Francis, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station; killed in action Sept., 1864, near Luray, Va.

Gold 1914, p. 246: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Topper entry

The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 246: the entry for Pius Francis Topper, wounded in action at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, and killed in action near Luray, Virginia, in September 1864.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 246.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 0,187 1367x438 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a roll entry reading R. O. Allen, 2nd Lieut., permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863.

Gold 1914, p. 240: roll of the Clarke Cavalry, Allen entry

The Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240: the entry for R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, permanently disabled by a wound received at the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, 1863.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 0,354 1367x375 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a printed paragraph of a battle narrative that includes the words among them Lieut. R. O. Allen, of the Clarke Cavalry, and a mention of Col. B. F. Davis of the 8th New York Cavalry.

Gold 1914, p. 268: battle narrative naming Lieut. R. O. Allen

A battle narrative in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 268, that names Lieut. R. O. Allen of the Clarke Cavalry.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 268.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 0,1250 1367x750 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the end of a paragraph on the J. E. B. Stuart Camp and its roll of one hundred and six members, and below it the top of a two-column list of members beginning with R. O. Allen.

Gold 1914, pp. 316-317: J. E. B. Stuart Camp and the member list, R. O. Allen

The J. E. B. Stuart Camp (United Confederate Veterans) in Gold's history (1914): the end of the paragraph on printed p. 316 and the top of the Camp's member list on p. 317, where R. O. Allen is the first name.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), pp. 316-317.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Two crops of the same book joined into one image, p. 316 above and p. 317 below; not retouched, enhanced or highlighted..

Gold 1914, pp. 316-317: J. E. B. Stuart Camp and the member list, Peter Fuqua

The J. E. B. Stuart Camp (United Confederate Veterans) in Gold's history (1914): the end of the paragraph on printed p. 316 and the top of the Camp's member list on p. 317, which includes Peter Fuqua.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), pp. 316-317.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Two crops of the same book joined into one image, p. 316 above and p. 317 below; not retouched, enhanced or highlighted..

A cropped newspaper column from the Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915, showing a newspaper column with the headline THOMAS D. GOLD PASSES AWAY AT HOME IN CLARKE, a three-line deck, the dateline BERRYVILLE, Va., Dec. 6, and the first paragraphs of the report, ending with the line CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO.

Winchester Evening Star, Dec. 6, 1915: front-page report, Thomas D. Gold passes away

The front-page report headed Thomas D. Gold Passes Away at Home in Clarke, Winchester Evening Star, December 6, 1915: the headline, the dateline and the first paragraphs on his death, birth and survivors.

Winchester Evening Star, Winchester, Va., December 6, 1915, p. 1. Page image via Newspapers.com.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1915 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 1925,361 420x949 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped newspaper column from the Winchester Evening Star of December 6, 1915, showing a long narrow newspaper column headed Thos. D. Gold Dead, CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE, running over his family, his service in the Confederate army, his later public offices, a book he published and the funeral.

Winchester Evening Star, Dec. 6, 1915: continuation, Thos. D. Gold Dead

The continuation headed Thos. D. Gold Dead, Winchester Evening Star, December 6, 1915, page 2: his wife and family, his Confederate service, later offices, his book and the funeral.

Winchester Evening Star, Winchester, Va., December 6, 1915, p. 2. Page image via Newspapers.com.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1915 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 492,1200 370x1902 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a printed muster-roll card filled in by hand: Thomas D. Gold, Pvt, Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2 Regiment Virginia Infantry, age 16, occupation farmer, enrolled April 18, 1861, at Berryville, mustered in May 13, 1861.

Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 2 of 31: muster-roll card, 1861

A company muster-roll card for Thomas D. Gold, private, Capt. Strother H. Bowen's Company (Clarke Riflemen), 2nd Regiment Virginia Infantry, age 16, for April 18 to June 30, 1861: enrolled April 18, 1861, at Berryville, and mustered in May 13, 1861.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 2 of 31, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 30,25 635x1540 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a typed card naming Thos. Gold, Co. I, 2 Reg't, Va. Inf., on a report of operations and casualties at Manassas, August 27 to 30, 1862, with the remark Wounded.

Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 23 of 31: casualty-report card, Manassas, 1862

A typed card abstracted from the report of operations and casualties of the 2nd Regiment Virginia Infantry in the battles of Manassas, August 27 to 30, 1862, dated January 14, 1863, listing Thos. Gold, Co. I, as wounded.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 23 of 31, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 20,10 640x1580 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card for Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry, showing a file jacket with the handwritten name Gold, Thomas D., Co. I, 2 Virginia Inf'y, the printed word CONFEDERATE, the handwritten ranks Private and Sergeant, and a list of card numbers from 1 to 22.

Compiled service record, Thomas D. Gold, image 1 of 31: file jacket

The file jacket of the compiled service record of Thomas D. Gold, Co. I, 2nd Virginia Infantry (Confederate): his name, company and regiment, the ranks private and sergeant, and the list of card numbers in the file.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 375, image 1 of 31, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 712,0 710x1590 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading EDMUND PENDLETON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; LIEUTENANT, CO. C, 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraph of his sketch, with his birth on October 4, 1843.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 430: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, heading and opening

The heading and opening of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton, lieutenant, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 430: born at Fairfield, Clarke County, October 4, 1843.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 430.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 100,760 860x790 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the lower part of a printed page: a paragraph on the engagement at Jack's Shop, where he led the brigade sharpshooters, and the sentence on the spring of 1864 with General Rosser.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 431: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, Jack's Shop

Part of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 431: his part in the engagement at Jack's Shop and his going with General Rosser's command in the spring of 1864.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 431.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 20,1015 840x475 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the upper part of a printed page: the end of a sketch telling that he was killed at the head of his company on the 6th of May, and a quoted letter from General Rosser.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 432: sketch of Edmund Pendleton, death and Rosser letter

The end of the sketch of Edmund Pendleton in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 432: his death at the head of his company on May 6 (1864) and a quoted letter of General Rosser.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 432.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 100,195 860x905 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a two-column printed list headed 11TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, CO. C, Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton, with Lieut. Edmond Pendleton and other names.

Gold 1914, p. 309: list of the 11th Virginia Cavalry, Co. C

A list headed 11th Virginia Cavalry, Co. C, Capt. Jno. R. Pendleton, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 309, which names Lieut. Edmond Pendleton (spelled so on this page).

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 309.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 50,345 800x355 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the printed dedication ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SONS OF CLARKE who gave their lives in defense of the RIGHTS OF THE STATES, the line IMPERISHABLE FAME, and the heading EAST SIDE with the first names under 2nd Virginia Inf., Stonewall Brigade.

Gold 1914, p. 314: monument inscription, dedication heading

The dedication heading of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 314: Erected to the memory of the sons of Clarke who gave their lives in defense of the rights of the states, with the first names of the East side.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 314.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 100,190 730x560 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the headings NORTH and OTHER COMMANDS and four names in capitals: Maj. H. M. Nelson, Surg. W. Hay, Lieut. R. P. Burwell and Lieut. E. Pendleton.

Gold 1914, p. 315: monument inscription, North side, Other Commands

The North side of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 315, headed Other Commands: the first four names, the last of them Lieut. E. Pendleton.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 315.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 70,1100 770x230 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JAMES W. THOMSON, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; MAJOR, HORSE ARTILLERY, ROSSER'S DIVISION, A. N. V., and the first paragraphs of his sketch.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 518: sketch of James W. Thomson, heading and opening

The heading and opening of the sketch of James W. Thomson, major, Horse Artillery, Rosser's Division, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 518: born at Berryville, October 28, 1843.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 518.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 100,570 830x915 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the upper part of a printed page: the end of a sketch on his wound, the attack by General Rosser near Farmville, and the signature Colonel R. Preston Chew.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 519: sketch of James W. Thomson, wound and death

The end of the sketch of James W. Thomson in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 519: the sentences on his wound and death, signed Colonel R. Preston Chew.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 519.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 40,155 840x820 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JAMES L. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. D, 6TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraphs of his sketch.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 33: sketch of James L. Ashby, heading and opening

The heading and opening of the sketch of James L. Ashby, private, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 33: son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, born in Clarke County, November 6, 1831.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 33.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 15,600 840x920 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 34: sketch of James L. Ashby, drill-master to death

The rest of the sketch of James L. Ashby in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 34: his service as a drill-master, his joining the Clarke Cavalry on March 12, 1862, and his death on June 11, 1864.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 34.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 90,160 820x800 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

Gold 1914, p. 238: opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry

The opening of chapter XXV, The Clarke Cavalry, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 238, with the sentences on who made up the troop.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 238.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 90,280 740x445 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a single printed sentence beginning The roster of the Company when it engaged in the war of 1861-65 and ending were as follows.

Gold 1914, p. 239: sentence introducing the roster

The sentence in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 239, that introduces the roster of the Clarke Cavalry for the war of 1861-65.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 239.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 50,545 800x115 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the heading ENLISTED MEN and four roll entries: Ashby, Lewis; killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864; Ashby, Buckner; Ashby, George; Ashby, Shirley C.

Gold 1914, p. 240: ENLISTED MEN, first four entries

The heading ENLISTED MEN and the first four entries of the Clarke Cavalry roll in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 240, the first of them Lewis Ashby, killed in action at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 240.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 90,490 760x230 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing a printed list headed CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA in two columns: Buckner Ashby, Russell Ashby and J. Ship Mitchel on the left, Lewis Ashby and Abner Ferguson on the right, with faint pencil strokes in the margin beside some names.

Gold 1914, p. 309: list of Co. I, 12th Virginia

A list headed Co. I, 12th Virginia, in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 309: Buckner Ashby, Russell Ashby, J. Ship Mitchel, Lewis Ashby and Abner Ferguson.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 309.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 50,870 800x150 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the headings SOUTH SIDE and Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry, three officers in capitals, and the first two columns of names beginning with L. Ashby.

Gold 1914, p. 315: monument inscription, South side, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry

The South side of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 315, headed Co. D, 6th Virginia Regiment, Cavalry: Lieut. D. H. Allen, Lieut. C. G. Shumate, Sergt. W. B. Moore and the first names beneath, among them L. Ashby.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 315.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 70,460 770x270 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing the printed heading JOHN W. ASHBY, OF CLARKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; PRIVATE, CO. I, 12TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY, and the first paragraphs of his sketch.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 34: sketch of John W. Ashby, heading and opening

The heading and opening of the sketch of John W. Ashby, private, Co. I, 12th Virginia Cavalry, in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 34: second son of Buckner and Sophia G. Ashby, born near White Post, December 15, 1833.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 34.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 90,1000 820x560 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from the 1875 Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute, showing a full printed page of the end of a sketch: his service in two companies, the events of April 6 and the morning of the 9th, and the closing line that James L. Ashby fell at Trevyllian and John W. Ashby at Appomattox.

VMI Memorial 1875, p. 35: sketch of John W. Ashby, service and death

The rest of the sketch of John W. Ashby in the Memorial of the Virginia Military Institute (1875), printed p. 35: his companies, his death on April 9, 1865, near Appomattox, and the closing line on the two brothers.

Charles D. Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute (1875), p. 35.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1875 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 15,330 840x1170 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped printed page from Thomas D. Gold's 1914 History of Clarke County, showing the lower part of a two-column list of names ending with Surg. Chas. McCormick and J. W. Ashby, followed by sentences beginning The address was delivered by Hon.

Gold 1914, p. 316: monument inscription, end of the North side names

The end of the North side names of the Confederate monument inscription in Gold's history (1914), printed p. 316, ending with J. W. Ashby, and the sentences after the list.

Thomas D. Gold, History of Clarke County, Virginia (1914), p. 316.

Rights and changes

Public domain: published in 1914 in the United States. Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cropped to the document only (box 70,190 770x720 pixels of the page image); not retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed OLDEST MEMBER OF M. E. CHURC HHERE DIES, with a deck naming J. T. Murphy and White's Battalion, followed by the obituary text.

Clarke Courier, January 6, 1921, page 1: obituary of J. T. Murphy

The obituary of J. T. Murphy, headed Oldest Member of M. E. Church Here Dies, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of January 6, 1921: born in Clarke, died near Aldie, Loudoun County, and a veteran of White's Battalion, Confederate Army.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), January 6, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1348,1565 340x1200 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 681 by 2399 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed BRAVE SOUTHERN SOLDIER PASSES OVER THE RIVER, with a deck naming Newton H. Carpenter, One of Ashby's Men, followed by the obituary text.

Clarke Courier, March 17, 1921, page 4: obituary of Newton H. Carpenter

The obituary of Newton H. Carpenter, headed Brave Southern Soldier Passes Over the River, in the Clarke Courier of March 17, 1921: one of Ashby's men, a member of Turner Ashby Camp, Confederate Veterans, who served in Company B, 7th Virginia Cavalry.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 17, 1921, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1539,2012 336x1370 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 671 by 2740 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922, showing a newspaper column headed MR. AND MRS. RICAMORE MARRIED 50 YEARS, reporting a golden wedding anniversary dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Hughes.

Clarke Courier, February 23, 1922, page 1: golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. George C. Ricamore

The item headed Mr. and Mrs. Ricamore Married 50 Years on the front page of the Clarke Courier of February 23, 1922: the golden wedding of George C. Ricamore and his wife, and a note that he was one of the youngest soldiers who wore the Confederate uniform.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 23, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1437,2389 328x1232 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 657 by 2464 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922, showing a long newspaper column headed CONFEDERATE BOY SOLDIER MESSENGER DIES IN WASHINGTON, with a deck naming George C. Ricamore and Bell Boyd, followed by the first part of the obituary.

Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922, page 2: obituary of George C. Ricamore, opening

The first part of the obituary of George C. Ricamore, headed Confederate Boy Soldier Messenger Dies in Washington, in the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922: his death in Washington, his years as Town Sergeant of Berryville and his errand as a boy in the Civil War.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1922, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 476,123 334x2328 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 668 by 4657 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922, showing a newspaper column headed SAMUEL BONHAM DIES IN TEXAS, AGED 90, with a deck calling him a native of Clarke County, followed by the obituary text.

Clarke Courier, March 2, 1922, page 1: obituary of Samuel Bonham

The obituary of Samuel Bonham, headed Samuel Bonham Dies in Texas, Aged 90, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of March 2, 1922: a native of Clarke County who died at Sherman, Texas, a son of Daniel Sowers Bonham and a Confederate veteran.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), March 2, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1782,2031 334x1607 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 667 by 3214 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921, showing a very long newspaper column headed CAPT. JOS. R. HARDESTY, CONFEDERATE, DIES, with a deck about the first captain of the Clarke Cavalry, followed by the obituary text.

Clarke Courier, June 30, 1921, page 3: obituary of Capt. Hardesty, first captain of the Clarke Cavalry

The obituary headed Capt. Jos. R. Hardesty, Confederate, Dies in the Clarke Courier of June 30, 1921: the first captain of the Clarke Cavalry, a retired farmer and stock dealer, dead at 88. The Courier prints his middle initial as R.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 30, 1921, page 3 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1048,245 339x2426 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 678 by 4853 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a long newspaper column from the opening of a report, with paragraphs on the Virginia War History list of medals, a note about James Lindsey of Boyce, and the start of a citation.

Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: war-honors report, opening

The opening paragraphs of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923: the list of medals compiled from the first volume of the Virginia War History, a note that it omits the war medal of James Lindsey, of Boyce, and the start of the citation for John R. Castleman, Jr.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1484,1802 335x979 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 670 by 1958 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921, showing a newspaper column of local news items with a paragraph on Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr., of Clarke county, his record at Blacksburg and his Distinguished Service Medal.

Clarke Courier, May 26, 1921, page 2: item on John R. Castleman, Jr.

The item on Lieut. John R. Castleman, Jr. in the Little Locals column of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921: the highest average in four years at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, chosen valedictorian, and awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for bravery in an air battle during the World War.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 26, 1921, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 147,165 340x2020 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 681 by 4039 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero, with a deck about the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, and a short notice of the unveiling of a tablet to Robert E. Russell at Stone's Chapel.

Clarke Courier, May 26, 1921, page 1: notice of a memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell

The notice headed Memorial Tablet to Clarke World War Hero on the front page of the Clarke Courier of May 26, 1921: the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion, will unveil a memorial tablet to Robert E. Russell, killed in France, at Stone's Chapel on Sunday, May 29.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), May 26, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1097,2596 335x1088 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 670 by 2175 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921, showing a long newspaper column headed 600 HONOR MEMORY OF ROBERT EDGAR RUSSELL, with a deck about a marble tablet unveiled at Stone's Chapel, followed by the report, including the inscription on the tablet.

Clarke Courier, June 2, 1921, page 1: report of the unveiling of the Russell tablet

The first part of the report 600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell on the front page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921: more than 600 people at Stone's Chapel for the unveiling of a marble tablet to Robert Edgar Russell, who was killed in the Meuse-Argonne drive, with the wording of the inscription.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 2, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 689,472 334x2001 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 669 by 4002 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, showing a newspaper column headed MRS. MALLORY DIES AFTER LONG ILLNESS, with a deck calling her husband a former A. E. F. veteran, followed by the obituary and a card of thanks.

Clarke Courier, August 16, 1923, page 1: obituary of Mrs. Martin Mallory

The obituary of Mrs. Martin Mallory, headed Mrs. Mallory Dies After Long Illness, on the front page of the Clarke Courier of August 16, 1923, which says her husband served many months overseas with the 116th Infantry, 29th Division, followed by a card of thanks signed Martin P. Mallery (as printed).

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 16, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1155,1562 330x1672 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 661 by 3344 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922, showing a newspaper column that continues an obituary, with several words broken at the edges, running through the burial in Green Hill Cemetery to the list of survivors.

Clarke Courier, August 31, 1922, page 2: obituary of George C. Ricamore, close

The close of the obituary of George C. Ricamore in the Clarke Courier of August 31, 1922: his marriage and his farm, the funeral services conducted by Rev. Nathan Maynard, burial in Green Hill Cemetery, the pallbearers and the survivors.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), August 31, 1922, page 2 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 814,124 330x2328 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 661 by 4657 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, showing a very long newspaper column of a letter that begins mid-sentence, with a quoted first-person story about crossing a river with a four-horse team and a rescue from the water.

Clarke Courier, June 29, 1922, page 4: letter on a river rescue, middle part

The middle of the letter headed Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922: a first-person account of crossing the Shenandoah with a four-horse team and bringing a brother out of the river, and the writer's comment on the deed.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 29, 1922, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1178,1471 332x2224 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 665 by 4448 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, showing a wide newspaper headline reading Ten War Honors For Clarke County; Five of Her Soldiers Awarded Medals, with a deck naming five men honored with medals for valor and meritorious duty in the World War.

Clarke Courier, April 26, 1923, page 1: headline, Ten War Honors For Clarke County

The headline and deck of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County on the front page of the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923, naming "Josh" Campbell, Lieut. John R. Castleman, Admiral McCormick (printed Abmiral), William G. Reynolds and Maj. Lloyd Williams.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1484,1547 673x253 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 1346 by 506 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921, showing a long newspaper column of a quoted speech about the duty of the American Legion to disabled comrades and to those who gave their lives.

Clarke Courier, June 2, 1921, page 1: presentation speech at the Russell tablet unveiling

The next part of the report 600 Honor Memory of Robert Edgar Russell in the Clarke Courier of June 2, 1921: the presentation speech of Commander Rice W. Levi for the Woman's Auxiliary of the Lloyd Williams Post, American Legion.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 2, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 689,2476 337x1186 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 674 by 2373 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed BIG THRONG HONOR ROBERT E. RUSSELL, with a deck about the burial of a world war hero beside his mother's grave, followed by the first paragraphs of the report.

Clarke Courier, September 15, 1921, page 1: report of the funeral of Robert E. Russell

The first part of the report Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell on the front page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921: the body of the soldier killed in France was brought home and buried beside his mother's grave, with funeral services at the Presbyterian Church.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 15, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1720,501 339x656 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 678 by 1312 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921, showing a newspaper column that begins mid-word, naming the guard of honor and the pallbearers, the burial at Green Hill Cemetery and the military service of Robert Edgar Russell.

Clarke Courier, September 15, 1921, page 1: report of the funeral of Robert E. Russell, burial

The rest of the report Big Throng Honor Robert E. Russell in the Clarke Courier of September 15, 1921: the guard of honor and pallbearers, the burial at Green Hill Cemetery, and a short account of his service in Co. C, 128th Infantry, 32nd Division, and his death in action on October 12, 1918.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), September 15, 1921, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1921. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1712,1155 342x694 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 683 by 1387 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded. Restored transcription: the passage is keyed as clean running text per docs/hubs-foundations.md's restored-transcription convention, not strict as-printed brackets..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922, showing a long newspaper column headed LINTON LLOYD, WORLD WAR VETERAN, DROWNED, with a deck about a fall into a small reservoir, followed by the report of his death, service and funeral.

Clarke Courier, February 9, 1922, page 1: report of the drowning of Linton Lloyd

The report headed Linton Lloyd, World War Veteran, Drowned on the front page of the Clarke Courier of February 9, 1922: Private Linton Earl Lloyd, one of five Lloyd brothers who went to France, drowned in a small reservoir near his father's home; his service in Co. D, 101st Infantry, 26th Division, and his funeral.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), February 9, 1922, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 728,476 334x1933 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 669 by 3866 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of February 24, 1921, showing a newspaper column headed WALTER HARDESTY WEDS MARTINSBURG GIRL, with a deck calling him a former overseas soldier, followed by a wedding notice.

A company muster-roll card for Edmond Pendleton, first sergeant, Co. C, 17th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, for November and December 1862: enlisted September 20, 1862, at Clarke, by Capt. Harper, for the war; present; furnished his own horse.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 113, image 2 of 15, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 2 of the saved 15-page file (sha256 ae0f0472feb52de2...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card headed Confederate, 11 Cav., Va., filled in by hand: Ed. Pendelton, Lieutenant, Co. C, 11th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on an inspection report of Rosser’s Brigade dated at Forestville in October 1864, absent commissioned officers accounted for, by what authority: wounded, date May 5, 1864.

Compiled service record, Edmond Pendleton, image 6 of 15: inspection-report card, October 1864

An inspection-report card of Rosser’s Brigade, October 1864, that lists Lieut. Ed. Pendelton, Co. C, 11th Virginia Cavalry, among the absent officers, accounted for as wounded, May 5, 1864.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 113, image 6 of 15, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 6 of the saved 15-page file (sha256 ae0f0472feb52de2...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: William Moore, private, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for November and December 1861, enlisted May 15 at Harpers Ferry by Capt. Hardesty for one year, present.

Compiled service record, William Moore, image 3 of 18: muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861

Muster-roll card for Nov and Dec 1861, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 3 of 18, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 3 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped Confederate quartermaster voucher in a National Archives service record: an account of $375 for one horse of William Moore, sergeant, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry, shot in action near Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, with the appraisers’ certificate and a receipt of September 19, 1863, signed W. Moore.

Compiled service record, William Moore, image 18 of 18: claim for a horse shot in action, 1863

Claim for a horse shot in action, 1863, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 18 of 18, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 18 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: W. J. Moore, private, Co. K, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on a list of prisoners of war paroled in April 1865, paroled April 20 at Millwood, Va.

Compiled service record, William Moore, image 13 of 18: parole card, April 1865

Parole card, April 1865, from the compiled service record of William Moore, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 69, image 13 of 18, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 13 of the saved file (sha256 dc3167fa005775c8...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: Robert O. Allen, private, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for September and October 1861, enlisted July 21 at Manassas by Capt. Nelson for one year, present.

Compiled service record, Robert O. Allen, image 2 of 34: muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861

Muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1861, from the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 62, image 2 of 34, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 2 of the saved file (sha256 7c239dbeee9b4345...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on the company muster roll for September and October 1864, absent, sick, wounded in action June 9, 1863, at Brandy Station.

Compiled service record, Robert O. Allen, image 11 of 34: muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864

Muster-roll card for Sept and Oct 1864, from the compiled service record of Robert O. Allen, Co. D, 6th Virginia Cavalry.

National Archives (NARA), Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (M324), roll 62, image 11 of 34, via Fold3.

Rights and changes

Public domain: a record of the U.S. War Department held by the National Archives (microfilm publication M324). Shown under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner’s decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project’s sources). License Changes: Cropped by the researcher to the card from page 11 of the saved file (sha256 7c239dbeee9b4345...) and shown at its own 1836 by 2376 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped National Archives service-record card filled in by hand: R. O. Allen, second lieutenant, Co. D, 6th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, on a register of the Invalid Corps, retired November 15, 1864, at Richmond, assigned to Maj. Gen. Kemper.

A later part of the report Ten War Honors For Clarke County in the Clarke Courier of April 26, 1923: the end of the citation for John R. Castleman, Jr., and the citation for William Graham Reynolds, captain, 23rd Infantry, distinguished service cross.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), April 26, 1923, page 1. Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1923. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1494,2779 330x864 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 660 by 1728 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

A cropped piece of a page of the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, showing a few short lines of newspaper type reading wrote of Ben Adhem: "Here lies one who loved his fellowman." and the initials W. A. B.

Clarke Courier, June 29, 1922, page 4: letter on a river rescue, last lines

The last lines of the letter headed Here's Clarke Man Who Deserves a Carnegie Hero Medal in the Clarke Courier of June 29, 1922, set at the foot of another column and signed W. A. B.

Clarke Courier (Berryville, Va.), June 29, 1922, page 4 (as numbered by the Library of Congress). Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

Rights and changes

Public domain in the United States: published in 1922. Shown from the Library of Congress page image under docs/POLICY.md, church and veteran hub pages, rule 3 (the owner's decision of October 4, 2026 to publish from all of the project's sources). License Changes: Cut from the Library of Congress page image at full resolution (the region lies at box 1498,3573 380x90 pixels of the saved half-size copy of the page) and shown at its own 760 by 180 pixels; not scaled, retouched, enhanced, highlighted or re-encoded..

What the register recorded, and what happened to a free negro found without a copy of it (section 10).

The Code of Virginia (Richmond, 1849), page 467. HathiTrust Digital Library, from the University of Virginia.

In the story Free in a slave county: Clarke's free Black people, 1836 to 1862